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What are the two types of vascular plants?	ants and seed	dahlias and seed	Water and spore	seedless and seed	Vascular plants are further divided into seedless and seed plants.
What type of flexion is the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side?	ventral	orbital	cylindrical	lateral	Flexion and Extension Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed m...
Common wisdom has it that the temporal bone (temporal = “time”) is so named because this area of the head (the temple) is where hair typically first turns gray, indicating the passage of what?	wealth	birth	ships	time	Temporal Bone The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull (see Figure 7.5). Common wisdom has it that the temporal bone (temporal = “time”) is so named because this area of the head (the temple) is where hair typically first turns gray, indicating the passage of time. The temporal bone is subdivided int...
Catenulids typically reproduce asexually by budding where?	their analogous end	their anterior end	their neuronal end	their posterior end
What gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen?	thyroid	testicle	thy·mus	prostate gland	The prostate gland secretes a fluid that mixes with sperm to help form semen. Semen is a whitish liquid that contains sperm. It passes through the urethra and out of the body.
During an earthquake what causes seismic waves?	high winds	Currents	low tide	rock displacement	In an earthquake, seismic waves are generated by rock displacement.
What term describes waves that travel through matter?	heat waves	replaced waves	water waves	mechanical waves	Waves that travel through matter—such as the fabric of a flag—are called mechanical waves. The matter they travel through is called the medium. When the energy of a wave passes through the medium, particles of the medium move. The more energy the wave has, the farther the particles of the medium move. The distance the ...
What type of radioactive decay is generally only dangerous when emitted inside the body?	nucleus decay	ionic decay	variant decay	alpha decay	All types of radioactive decay pose risks to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous. That’s because alpha particles are relatively heavy, so they can travel only a few centimeters through the air. They also are not very penetrating. For example, they can’t pass through a sheet of paper or thin layer of c...
Energy that is stored in a person or object is called?	kinetic energy	vertical energy	mechanical energy	potential energy	Potential energy is energy that is stored in a person or object.
What is a sac filled with fluid or other material?	a receptacle	a lesion	Golgi apparatus	a cyst	Cysts may develop in the ovaries. A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. Ovarian cysts are usually harmless and often disappear on their own. However, some cysts may be painful and require surgery.
What is released during an enthalpy reaction?	sound	gold	precipitation	heat	The enthalpy of the reactants is greater than the enthalpy of the products. During the course of the reaction, heat is released to the surroundings.
Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct what?	light	radiation	sound waves	electricity	Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct electricity, but solid materials do not.
Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at what level?	physical	cellular	chemical	atomic	Quantum mechanics involves the study of material at the atomic level.
What is the name of muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?	Aorta	tubes	Veins	arteries	Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They have thick walls that can withstand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Arteries generally carry oxygen-rich blood. The largest artery is the aorta, which receives blood directly from the heart. It branches to form smaller and smaller...
He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what?	Proteins	reactions	organisms	isotopes	The mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different isotopes in a given sample.
For what kind of animal is communication essential?	migrating animals	anti-social animals	new born animals	social animals	Communication is any way that animals share information. Many animals live in social groups. For these animals, being able to communicate is essential. Communicating increases the ability of group members to cooperate and avoid conflict. Communication may help animals work together to find food and defend themselves fr...
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between corresponding points on what?	basic waves	distant waves	spectrum	adjacent waves	Q: The wavelength of a wave is the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves. For example, it is the distance between two adjacent crests in the transverse waves in the diagram. Infer how wave frequency is related to wavelength.
Sandblasting a surface exemplifies what form of erosion?	water	wind	glacial	abrasion	Did you ever see workers sandblasting a building to clean it? Sand is blown onto the surface to scour away dirt and debris. Wind-blown sand has the same effect. It scours and polishes rocks and other surfaces. Wind-blown sand may carve rocks into interesting shapes ( Figure below ). This form of erosion is called abras...
How do fungus-like protists such as slime molds reproduce?	asexually	photosynthesis	sexually	with spores	Fungus-like protists are molds. They are absorptive feeders, found on decaying organic matter. They resemble fungi and reproduce with spores as fungi do. Examples of fungus-like protists include slime molds and water molds.
Exchange occurs directly with the external environment in what type of organisms?	multicellular organisms	hematopoietic organisms	cell clusters	unicellular organisms
Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles?	retinal body	organ body	simple body	cell body	Parts of a Neuron As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = “body”). The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. But what makes neurons special is that they have many extensions of their cell membranes, which are gen...
The oceans affect earth’s atmosphere and influence its what?	volcanoes	earthquakes	mountains	climate	Much of Earth’s surface is covered with oceans. That’s why Earth is called the “water planet. ” Without all that water, Earth would be a very different place. The oceans affect Earth’s atmosphere and influence its climate. An incredible diversity of living things inhabit the ocean as well. You might think that oceans h...
What are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan?	amoeba	viruses	protozoa	bacteria	Bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan . This complex molecule consists of sugars and amino acids. The cell wall is important for protecting bacteria. The cell wall is so important that some antibiotics, such as penicillin, kill bacteria by preventing the cell wall from forming.
Snake venom may join the class of drugs collectively known as thrombolytic agents, which can help speed up the degradation of an abnormal what?	bone	brain	bleed	clot	on a daily basis as a preventive measure. However, aspirin can also lead to serious side effects, including increasing the risk of ulcers. A patient is well advised to consult a physician before beginning any aspirin regimen. A class of drugs collectively known as thrombolytic agents can help speed up the degradation o...
Thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant equip each filament of what structure?	molecule	optic nerve	flagella	antenna
All solutions contain at least how many substances?	three	one	four	two	All solutions contain at least two substances.
Life probably began where?	caves	rocks	the Sun	oceans	Life probably began in the oceans. No one knows exactly how or when. Life may have originated more than once. If life began before the Moon formed, that impact would have wiped it out. Then life would have had to originate again. Eventually conditions on Earth became less violent. The planet could support life.
An enzyme is an organic catalyst produced by what?	amino acid	DNA	the liver	living cell	An enzyme is an organic catalyst produced by a living cell. Enzymes are such powerful catalysts that the reactions they promote occur rapidly at body temperature. Without the help of enzymes, these reactions would require high temperatures and long reaction times. The molecule or molecules on which an enzyme acts are c...
Gasoline is derived from which other liquid?	carbon	liquid propane	water	oil	Yes, we will use up all our gasoline eventually. Gasoline is derived from oil. Oil deposits were formed over hundreds of millions of years. They cannot be quickly replenished. Oil is an example of a nonrenewable resource.
What is the disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses?	HIV	bronchitis	diabetes	cancer	Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control and form abnormal masses of cells. It is generally caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle. Because of the mutations, cells with damaged DNA are allowed to divide without limits. Cancer genes can be inherited. You can learn more about hereditary c...
What travels at a rate of 300,000 kilometers per second, or nearly instantaneously?	gravity	air	sound	light	The speed of sound in air is approximately , where is the temperature of the air in Celsius. The speed of light is 300,000 km/sec, which means it travels from one place to another on Earth more or less instantaneously. Let’s say on a cool night (air temperature Celsius) you see lightning flash and then hear the thunder...
When atomic orbitals hybridize, the valence electrons occupy these?	expanded pathways	newly created elements	newly developed orbits	newly created orbitals	When atomic orbitals hybridize, the valence electrons occupy the newly created orbitals. The Be atom had two valence electrons, so each of the sp orbitals gets one of these electrons. Each of these electrons pairs up with the unpaired electron on a chlorine atom when a hybrid orbital and a chlorine orbital overlap duri...
Roundworms feed on various things, one of them being decaying organic matter. doing this, they play an important role in what famous cycle?	water cycle	life cycle	soul cycle	carbon cycle	Roundworms may be free-living or parasitic. Free-living worms are found mainly in freshwater habitats. Some live in soil. They generally feed on bacteria, fungi, protozoans, or decaying organic matter. By breaking down organic matter, they play an important role in the carbon cycle.
In preparation for phagocytosis, a portion of the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin, which stabilizes this section of what?	nuclei	particles	mitochondria	membrane	In preparation for phagocytosis, a portion of the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane becomes coated with a protein called clathrin, which stabilizes this section of the membrane. The coated portion of the membrane then extends from the body of the cell and surrounds the particle, eventually enclosing it. Once...
What is the main form of energy storage in plants?	liquid	nitrogen	dioxide	starch	Many simple sugars can combine by repeated condensation reactions until a very large molecule is formed. A polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate polymer formed from the linkage of many monosaccharide monomers. One of the best known polysaccharides is starch, the main form of energy storage in plants. Starch is a sta...
Something supplied by nature that helps support life, including ecosystems as well as minerals and fossil fuels, is called a what?	visible resource	artificial resource	fluid resource	natural resource	A natural resource is something supplied by nature that helps support life. When you think of natural resources, you may think of minerals and fossil fuels. However, ecosystems and the services they provide are also natural resources. Biodiversity is a natural resource as well.
Initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called what?	reactors	exports	imports	products	H2 + O2 → H2O This is an example of a chemical equation, which is a concise way of representing a chemical reaction. The initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances are called products. Unfortunately, it is also an incomplete chemical equation. The law of conservation of matter says that matter ca...
What were the electrons initially called?	polymer rays	gamma rays	plasma rays	cathode rays	Negatively charged and has a very small mass compared to the mass of other subatomic particles. Electrons were initially called cathode rays.
What is the type of energy that involves movement?	light energy	molecular energy	thermal energy	mechanical energy	All of the examples of potential energy described above involve movement or the potential to move. The form of energy that involves movement is called mechanical energy. Other forms of energy also involve potential energy, including chemical energy and nuclear energy. Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between the ...
What do sharks use to secrete salt to assist in osmoregulation?	blood gland	ceramic gland	bladder gland	rectal gland	animals exposed to similar levels of urea. Sharks are cartilaginous fish with a rectal gland to secrete salt and assist in osmoregulation.
Why do viruses not belong to any domain of life?	they are too mature	they are immortal	they are mortal	they are nonliving	Which of the three domains of life do viruses belong to? None. Why? Viruses are usually considered to be nonliving. Viruses do not meet most of the criteria of life. They are not even made of cells.
What is a change in the sequence of bases in dna or rna called?	evolution	radiation	infection	mutation	A change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA is called a mutation . Does the word mutation make you think of science fiction and bug-eyed monsters? Think again. Everyone has mutations. In fact, most people have dozens or even hundreds of mutations in their DNA. Mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They ar...
Metallic solids are composed entirely of which atoms?	toxic	metals	organic	metallic	Metallic solids are composed entirely of metallic atoms. In other solid structures, the electrons involved in bonding tend to be localized, or fixed in place in the covalent bonds. However, the electrons in metallic bonds are delocalized over the entire crystal. The fact that the electrons are free to move between diff...
What compound gives tarnished copper it's green color?	brass	bronze	zinc	copper carbonate	A: The copper has become tarnished. The tarnish—also called patina—is a compound called copper carbonate, which is green. Copper carbonate forms when copper undergoes a chemical reaction with carbon dioxide in moist air. The green patina that forms on copper actually preserves the underlying metal. That’s why it’s not ...
As the population grows, competition for food does what?	stagnates	stays the same	decreases	grows	inviability because the hybrid organisms simply are not viable. In another postzygotic situation, reproduction leads to the birth and growth of a hybrid that is sterile and unable to reproduce offspring of their own; this is called hybrid sterility. Habitat Influence on Speciation Sympatric speciation may also take pla...
What is the property by which water molecules stick together?	tension	plasticity	vitality	cohesion	Water has some unusual properties due to its hydrogen bonds. One property is cohesion , the tendency for water molecules to stick together. The cohesive forces between water molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension . The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides...
What is the main sex hormone in males called?	methane	estrogen	caffeine	testosterone	Testosterone is the main sex hormone in males. Hormones are chemicals that control many body processes. Testosterone has two major roles:.
What is the name of the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts?	fallopian tube	larynx	esophagus	pharynx	Pharyngeal slits : Pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into what?	ovary	sperm	gametophyte	sporophyte	Seeds and Pollen as an Evolutionary Adaptation to Dry Land Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into a sporophyte. Storage tissue to sustain growth and a protective coat give seeds their...
Limestone is insoluble in water, so what can dissolve it?	oxygen	calcium	dioxide	acid	An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances.
Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their what?	length	size	cost	charge	Monatomic ions have an oxidation number equal to their charge. Li + has an oxidation state of +1, Ba 2+ has an oxidation state of +2, I - has an oxidation state of -1, and so on.
Some flatworms are free-living carnivores that live mainly in which type of habitats?	freshwater	Deciduous forest	Desert	aquatic	Many flatworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts. Some are free-living carnivores that live mainly in aquatic habitats.
Characterized by a short lifespan, what begin with production in the bone marrow under the influence of csfs and interleukins?	erythrocytes	solutes	pathogens	leukocytes	Lifecycle of Leukocytes Most leukocytes have a relatively short lifespan, typically measured in hours or days. Production of all leukocytes begins in the bone marrow under the influence of CSFs and interleukins. Secondary production and maturation of lymphocytes occurs in specific regions of lymphatic tissue known as g...
What force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion?	tangential force	centripetal torque	circular friction	centripetal force	Figure 6.11 The frictional force supplies the centripetal force and is numerically equal to it. Centripetal force is perpendicular to velocity and causes uniform circular motion. The larger the F c , the smaller the radius of curvature r and the sharper the curve. The second curve has the same v , but a larger.
What are physical properties that do not depend on the substance present called?	internal properties	extensive properties	multilateral properties	intensive properties	Physical properties that do not depend on the amount of substance present are called intensive properties . Intensive properties do not change with changes of size, shape, or scale. Examples of intensive properties are as follows in the Table below .
What does the secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin stimulate the release of?	insulin and pepsin	sweat, saliva	urea	pancreatic juices, bile	Secretion of the hormone cholecystokinin, which stimulates release of pancreatic juices and bile.
What term is used to describe the electrostatic process used by most copy machines?	microphotography	electrography	titanomachy	xerography	Xerography Most copy machines use an electrostatic process called xerography—a word coined from the Greek words xeros for dry and graphos for writing. The heart of the process is shown in simplified form in Figure 18.39. A selenium-coated aluminum drum is sprayed with positive charge from points on a device called a co...
Symptoms of viral diseases result from what kind of response to a virus?	mutation	infection	pathogenic	immune	Steps of Virus Infections A virus must use cell processes to replicate. The viral replication cycle can produce dramatic biochemical and structural changes in the host cell, which may cause cell damage. These changes, called cytopathic (causing cell damage) effects, can change cell functions or even destroy the cell. S...
The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their what?	membrane	ribosomes	neuron	nuclei	E XA MP L E 1 1. The most common carbon atoms have six protons and six neutrons in their nuclei. What are the atomic number and the mass number of these carbon atoms?.
What type of organisms have internal clocks that regulate cyclic processes?	fungi	endogenous	protozoa	eukaryotic
How often does condensation occur in your cells?	never	weekly	daily	constantly	Condensation occurs in your cells constantly. It occurs in the form of a chemical reaction. These condensation reactions involve the formation of a water molecule from two other molecules. Water forms when two molecules, such as amino acids or monosaccharides, are joined together. The amino acids join together to form ...
Overharvesting is a serious threat particularly to which species?	terrestrial species	aerial species	amphibious species	aquatic species	Overharvesting Overharvesting is a serious threat to many species, but particularly to aquatic species. There are many examples of regulated fisheries (including hunting of marine mammals and harvesting of crustaceans and other species) monitored by fisheries.
What are the cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source?	Sediments	staurikosaurus	fluctuations	chemoautotrophs	Chemoautotrophs are cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. Chemoautotrophs include prokaryotes that break down hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S the “rotten egg” smelling gas), and ammonia (NH 4 ). Nitrosomonas , a species of soil bacterium, oxidizes NH...
Each type of electromagnetic radiation has a characteristic range of wavelengths. the longer the wavelength (or the more stretched out it appears), the less energy is carried. short, tight waves carry what?	sound	kinetic energy	heat	most energy	Each type of electromagnetic radiation has a characteristic range of wavelengths. The longer the wavelength (or the more stretched out it appears), the less energy is carried. Short, tight waves carry the most energy. This may seem illogical, but think of it in terms of a piece of moving rope. It takes little effort by...
What are clouds on earth made of?	carbon dioxide gas	rain	ozone	water vapor	Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! Scientists think the color of sunlight on Venus is reddish-brown.
What do extensive properties depend on the amount of?	independent variables	experimental controls	sample temperature	matter in a sample	Normally, electric charge is transferred when electrons leave the outer orbits of the atoms of one body (leaving it positively charged) and move to the surface of another body (causing the new surface to gain a negative net charge). In a plasma all electrons are stripped from the atoms, leaving positively charged ions ...
What is the term for the rate at which velocity changes?	compression	stability	transmission	acceleration	Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which velocity changes. Velocity, in turn, is a measure of the speed and direction of motion, so a change in velocity may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Both velocity and acceleration are vectors....
What determines which codon in the mrna the trna will bind to?	exon	gene	amnion	anticodon	The tRNA structure is a very important aspect in its role. Though the molecule folds into a 3-leaf clover structure, notice the anticodon arm in the lower segment of the molecule, with the amino acid attached at the opposite end of the molecule (acceptor stem). It is the anticodon that determines which codon in the mRN...
What is the term for the complete set of genes and alleles within a population?	the biodiversity pool	the ancestral pool	the chromosomal pool	the gene pool	Since natural selection acts on the phenotype, if an allele causes death in a homozygous individual, aa , for example, it will not cause death in a heterozygous Aa individual. These heterozygous Aa individuals will then act as carriers of the a allele, meaning that the a allele could be passed down to offspring. People...
What unit of pressure is named for the scientist whose discoveries about pressure in fluids led to a law of the same name?	joule	ohm	newton	pascal	In the above equation for pressure, force is expressed in Newtons (N) and area is expressed in square meters (m 2 ). Therefore, pressure is expressed in N/m 2 , which is the SI unit for pressure. This unit is also called the Pascal (Pa) . It is named for the scientist Blaise Pascal whose discoveries about pressure in f...
Oxygen and what are required for rust to form?	air	carbon	pressure	water	Metallic Iron"). Instead, the rust continually flakes off to expose a fresh metal surface vulnerable to reaction with oxygen and water. Because both oxygen and water are required for rust to form, an iron nail immersed in.
What is the process called in which a magnet loses its magnetic properties?	diffusion	polarization	vectorization	demagnetization	If you stroke an iron nail with a bar magnet, the nail will become a permanent (or at least long-lasting) magnet. Its magnetic domains will remain aligned even after you remove it from the magnetic field of the bar magnet. Permanent magnets can be demagnetized, however, if they are dropped or heated to high temperature...
The earliest animals were which kind of invertebrates?	dinosaurs	insects	mammals	aquatic	The partial geologic time scale in Figure below shows when some of the major events in animal evolution took place. The oldest animal fossils are about 630 million years old, so presumably animals evolved around that time or somewhat earlier. The earliest animals were aquatic invertebrates. The first vertebrates evolve...
A lake is an example of what type of biome?	organic biome	natural biome	wet biome	freshwater biome	A lake is an example of a freshwater biome. Water in a lake generally forms three different zones based on water depth and distance from shore.
What kinds of waves are composed of various oscillating electric and magnetic fields?	tidal	elastic	seismic	electromagnetic	Figure 27.45 illustrates how the component of the electric field parallel to the long molecules is absorbed. An electromagnetic wave is composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The electric field is strong compared with the magnetic field and is more effective in exerting force on charges in the molecules....
When is the sun directly over the equator?	Fall	Winter	Midsummer	equinox	Solstice refers to the position of the Sun when it is closest to one of the poles. At equinox, the Sun is directly over the Equator.
What does the base of a nucleotide within dna consist of?	hydrogen	ribosomes	protein	nitrogen	It was known that DNA is composed of nucleotides , each of which contains a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. In these nucleotides, there is one of the four possible bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) ( Figure below ). Adenine and guanine are ...
Which bones are flat and triangular and located at the back of the pectoral girdle?	cochlea	vertebrae	laminae	scapulae	The clavicles are S-shaped bones that position the arms on the body. The clavicles lie horizontally across the front of the thorax (chest) just above the first rib. These bones are fairly fragile and are susceptible to fractures. For example, a fall with the arms outstretched causes the force to be transmitted to the c...
What always has the same elements in the same ratio?	mitochondria	component	cell	compound	A compound always consists of the same elements in the same ratio. If the same elements combine in different ratios, they form different compounds.
Prior to ovulation, ovarian steroid hormones stimulate the uterus to prepare for support of what?	childbirth	fertilization	fetus	embryo
All polar compounds contain what type of bonds?	weak	balanced	strong	polar	Polar compounds, such as water, are compounds that have a partial negative charge on one side of each molecule and a partial positive charge on the other side. All polar compounds contain polar bonds (although not all compounds that contain polar bonds are polar. ) In a polar bond, two atoms share electrons unequally. ...
What often occurs on steep slopes in dry climates?	tsunamis	volcanoes	earthquakes	landslides	Landslides often occur on steep slopes in dry or semi-arid climates. The California coastline, with its steep cliffs and years of drought punctuated by seasons of abundant rainfall, is prone to landslides. Wet soil becomes slippery and heavy. Earthquakes often trigger landslides. The shaking ground causes soil and rock...
What kind of organisms have many different types of specialized cells with particular jobs?	intricate	monocellular	crude	multicellular	All living cells have certain things in common. Besides having the basic parts described above, all cells can perform the same basic functions. For example, all cells can use energy, respond to their environment, and reproduce. However, cells may also have special functions. Multicellular organisms such as you have man...
Part of the scientific process, these are statistical probabilities rather than certainties?	results	Hypothesis	assumptions	predictions
Ecology is a major branch of what higher-level "classification" of science?	geology	chemistry	physics	biology	Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment. It is a major branch of biology, but has areas of overlap with geography, geology, climatology, and other sciences. The study of ecology begins with two fundamental concepts in ecology: the ecosystem and their organisms.
What is necessary for organisms to survive in the deepest parts of the ocean?	competition	reflexes	mutation	adaptations	There are few organisms that live in the deepest ocean. The ones that do have amazing adaptations to the exceptionally harsh conditions.
What is the process of larva becoming an adult called?	evolution	parthenogenesis	synthesis	metamorphosis	After hatching, most arthropods go through one or more larval stages before reaching adulthood. The larvae may look very different from the adults. They change into the adult form in a process called metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, the arthropod is called a pupa. It may or may not spend this stage inside a special...
Capillaries rejoin to form venules, which convey blood to what?	extremities	glands	arteries	veins
Although it is not vital to humans, calcitonin is important for calcium homeostasis in adults of some species in what group characterized by backbones?	invertebrates	mammals	reptiles	vertebrates
What force holds planets in their orbits?	Big Bang	magnetism	centrifuge	gravity	Planets are held in their orbits by the force of gravity. What would happen without gravity? Imagine that you are swinging a ball on a string in a circular motion. Now let go of the string. The ball will fly away from you in a straight line. It was the string pulling on the ball that kept the ball moving in a circle. T...
The nature of what gives metals the properties of being ductile and malleable?	titanium bonds	liquid bonds	magneticism	metallic bonds	Because of their freely moving electrons, metals are good conductors of electricity. Metals also can be shaped without breaking. They are ductile (can be shaped into wires) and malleable (can be shaped into thin sheets). Metals have these properties because of the nature of their metallic bonds.
What are the special compartments that are surrounded by membranes inside eukaryotic cells called?	chloroplasts	ribosomes	vacuoles	organelles	Eukaryotic cells contain special compartments surrounded by membranes, called organelles. For example, notice in this image the mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus.
Molds and casts usually form in which type of rock?	crystalline	igneous	metamorphic	sedimentary	Molds and casts are another way organisms can be fossilized. A mold is an imprint of an organism left in rock. The organism's remains break down completely. Rock that fills in the mold resembles the original remains. The fossil that forms in the mold is called a cast ( Figure below ). Molds and casts usually form in se...
What is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer called?	canal	moat	ditch	well	Most groundwater does not flow out of an aquifer as a spring or geyser. So to use the water that's stored in an aquifer, people must go after it. How? They dig a well. A well ( Figure below ) is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer.
When is a moving car said to be in dynamic equilibrium?	when accelerating	at rest	at homeostasis	zero net force	Figure 9.3 This car is in dynamic equilibrium because it is moving at constant velocity. There are horizontal and vertical forces, but the net external force in any direction is zero. The applied force F app between the tires and the road is balanced by air friction, and the weight of the car is supported by the normal...
Every chemical reaction between molecules involves breaking and forming of what?	atomic pathways	orbits	ions	bonds
The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________?	liquid's mass	enough ’ s mass	solvent's mass	solution ’ s mass	Mass Percentage Earlier in this chapter, we introduced percent composition as a measure of the relative amount of a given element in a compound. Percentages are also commonly used to express the composition of mixtures, including solutions. The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the comp...
Harmful instances of what can result in errors in protein sequence that yield non-functional proteins?	radiation	infection	bioaccumulation	mutation	Harmful mutations can result in errors in protein sequence, creating partially or completely non-functional proteins.
When dissolved in water, the base sodium hydroxide (naoh) produces sodium ions with what charge?	negative	constant	similar	positive	An acid also produces negative ions, and a base also produces positive ions. For example, the acid hydrogen chloride (HCl), when dissolved in water, produces negative chloride ions (Cl - ) as well as hydrogen ions. The base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces positive sodium ions (Na + ) in addition to hydroxide ions. The...
What precious resource allows us to grow food as well as materials we turn into clothing and medicine?	gasoline	petroleum	mercury	soil	Soil is a precious resource. It allows us to grow food and the materials we use to make everything from the shirt you have on to the medicine you took this morning. Soil is made up of small pieces of rock that have broken down over hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Soil is also partly made up of the remains of plan...

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