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Viruses need what kind of cell in order to help themselves reproduce? | double | round | side | host | 22.3 Viral Genome The genome of a virus consists of DNA or RNA, whose size and configuration vary. The entire genome can exist as a single nucleic acid molecule or several nucleic acid segments. Also, the DNA or RNA may be single-stranded or double-stranded, and either linear or circular. Not all viruses can reproduce ... |
Although vitamins and minerals do not provide what, they are still essential for good health? | enzymes | flavor | antioxidants | energy | Vitamins and minerals do not provide energy, but they are still essential for good health. The needed amounts generally can be met with balanced eating. However, people who do not eat enough of the right foods may need vitamin or mineral supplements. |
What is the science of how living things interact with each other and their environment? | compatibility | zoology | biology | ecology | The science of how living things interact with each other and their environment is called ecology. Ecology is a major branch of life science, but it overlaps with many other fields. For example, it shares data and theories with geography, biology, climatology, and other sciences. In this lesson, you’ll learn some of th... |
What function does a vacuole do for a cell? | reproduction | division | transfer | storage | Most mature plant cells have a central vacuole that occupies more than 30% of the cell's volume. The central vacuole can occupy as much as 90% of the volume of certain cells. The central vacuole is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast . The central vacuole has many functions. Aside from storage, the main role ... |
Sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch are types of what? | temperaments | sensation types | memories | senses | Human senses include sight, hearing, balance, taste, smell, and touch. |
During grafting, the part of the plant that is grafted is called? | stem | roots | stock | scion | Artificial Methods of Asexual Reproduction These methods are frequently employed to give rise to new, and sometimes novel, plants. They include grafting, cutting, layering, and micropropagation. Grafting Grafting has long been used to produce novel varieties of roses, citrus species, and other plants. In grafting, two ... |
What is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater called? | oasis | sand dune | desert | esker | An esker is a winding ridge of sand deposited by a stream of meltwater. Such streams flow underneath a retreating glacier. |
What is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object? | kinetic energy | inclination | vibration | acceleration | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It shows how quickly velocity changes and whether the change is positive or negative. It may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. |
Sympatric type of what occurs when a single population of organisms splits into two reproductively isolated communities within the same physical region? | accumulation | biodiversity | extraction | speciation | Sympatric speciation While the logic and mechanisms of allopatric speciation are relatively easy to grasp (we hope), there is a second type of speciation, known as sympatric speciation, which was originally more controversial. It occurs when a single population of organisms splits into two reproductively isolated commu... |
Each atom has a required number of what? | acceleration bonds | matrix bonds | accretion bonds | covalent bonds | |
When the volume of a gas is decreased, what happens to its pressure? | STAYS THE SAME | drops | LOWERS | increases | When the volume of a gas is decreased, its pressure is increased. |
Exposure to what causes skin color to darken? | pressure | hormones | heat | sunlight | Skin color darkens when exposed to the sun. |
What colorful phenomenon occurs in the northern sky when particles from the sun energize ions in the thermosphere? | aurora nervosa | meteor shower | Coriolis effect | northern lights | Particles from the Sun energize ions in the thermosphere. This creates the northern and southern lights. |
By what processes does the ocean modify landforms? | sweeping and deposition | splash and deposition | shape and deposition | erosion and deposition | The power of the ocean modifies landforms by erosion and deposition. Landforms modified by both erosion and deposition are seen in this photo. The cliff is being eroded by incoming waves. The beach is being created as sand is being deposited. |
The term “vapor” refers to the gas phase when it exists at a temperature below what? | liquid temperature | contaminated temperature | freezing temperature | boiling temperature | for low temperatures, where the phase can change from a gas to a liquid. The term “vapor” refers to the gas phase when it exists at a temperature below the boiling temperature. |
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of what? | abnormal disease | bone disease | physiological disease | cardiovascular disease | Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. |
The carbon atoms are bonded together, with each carbon also being bonded to two of what kind of atoms? | ions | calcium | helium | hydrogen | Some molecules are not able to satisfy the octet rule by making only single covalent bonds between the atoms. Consider the compound ethene, which has a molecular formula of C 2 H 4 . The carbon atoms are bonded together, with each carbon also being bonded to two hydrogen atoms. |
What is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes? | anaphase | mitosis | electrolysis | cytokinesis | Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides. Cytokinesis occurs somewhat differently in plant and animal cells, as shown in Figure below . In animal cells, the plasma membrane of the parent cell pinches inward... |
The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of what kind of joints? | hinge | fibrous | saddle | condyloid | Figure 38.30 The metacarpophalangeal joints in the finger are examples of condyloid joints. (credit: modification of work by Gray's Anatomy). |
What is idefined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume? | length | weight | height | density | The ideal gas law can also be used to determine the densities of gases. Density, recall, is defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume:. |
What does the kyoto protocol focus on controlling? | Ozone emissions | carbonate gas emissions | Helium emissions | greenhouse gas emissions | The Kyoto Protocol is another worldwide agreement on air pollution. It was passed in 1997. The Protocol focuses on controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Its aim is to control global warming. |
A van de graff generator produces what type of charge on its dome, causing the tendency to give up electrons? | no charge | positive charge | similar charge | negative charge | The transfer of electrons from the van de Graaff generator to the man is an example of conduction. Conduction occurs when there is direct contact between materials that differ in their ability to give up or accept electrons. A van de Graff generator produces a negative charge on its dome, so it tends to give up electro... |
What forms the small holes found in bread? | carbon monoxide gas | yeast | oxygen | carbon dioxide gas | The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of carbon dioxide gas. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast. |
In order to conduct what, electrons must move from the filled valence band to the empty conduction band where they can move throughout the solid? | matter | heat | light | electricity | Figure 8.39 Molecular orbitals in solids are so closely spaced that they are described as bands. The valence band is lower in energy and the conduction band is higher in energy. The type of solid is determined by the size of the “band gap” between the valence and conduction bands. Only a very small amount of energy is ... |
Conductive losses in the middle ear can be partially overcome by sending sound vibrations to what structure through the skull, the principle behind implants for hearing loss patients? | cornea | tympanic membrane | hammer and anvil | cochlea | Hearing losses can occur because of problems in the middle or inner ear. Conductive losses in the middle ear can be partially overcome by sending sound vibrations to the cochlea through the skull. Hearing aids for this purpose usually press against the bone behind the ear, rather than simply amplifying the sound sent i... |
What is the term for the fast-moving air currents high in the troposphere? | global winds | gale force winds | ocean streams | jet streams | Jet streams are fast-moving air currents high in the troposphere. They are also the result of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Jet streams circle the planet, mainly from west to east. The strongest jet streams are the polar jets. The northern polar jet is shown in Figure below . |
Vibrating electric and magnetic fields make up what kinds of waves? | mechanical | seismic | eletrical | electromagnetic | What do these two photos have in common? They both represent electromagnetic waves. These are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transmit energy through matter or across space. Some electromagnetic waves are generally harmless. The light we use to see is a good example. Other electromagn... |
What do you call the regular changes in biology or behavior that occur in a 24-hour cycle? | sleep rhythms | cognitive rhythms | variable rhythms | circadian rhythms | Circadian rhythms are regular changes in biology or behavior that occur in a 24-hour cycle. In humans, for example, blood pressure and body temperature change in a regular way throughout each 24-hour day. Animals may eat and drink at certain times of day as well. Humans have daily cycles of behavior, too. Most people s... |
The electric and magnetic fields are closely related and propagate as what? | sound wave | mechanical wave | thermal energy | electromagnetic wave | There is an associated magnetic field ( B ) which propagates outward as well (see Figure 24.6). The electric and magnetic fields are closely related and propagate as an electromagnetic wave. This is what happens in broadcast antennae such as those in radio and TV stations. Closer examination of the one complete cycle s... |
What do you get by multiplying volume by the density of water? | weight of water | velocity of water | temperature of water | mass of water | Consider a gigantic tub filled with water as shown below. A column of water with a cross-sectional area of 1.00 m 2 is designated. If we multiply the cross-sectional area by the height of the column, we get the volume of water in this column. We can then multiply this volume by the density of water, 1000. kg/m 3 , and ... |
Plant-like protists are autotrophs capable of what process? | regeneration | sexual reproduction | microevolution | photosynthesis | Plant-like protists, which are autotrophs that photosynthesize. |
What type of energy is useful to humans because it's ease of transport and conversion to other forms of energy? | heat | physical | potential | electrical | Electrical energy is useful to us mostly because it is easy to transport and can be easily converted to or from other forms of energy. Of course, conversion involves wast, typically as heat. |
When performing anaerobic exercise, your muscles work against what? | inertia | gravity | momentum | resistance | Anaerobic exercises involve the muscles working against resistance. In this case the resistance is the weight of a barbell. |
What type of doctor specializes in the laboratory detection of disease? | infectious disease physician | internist | diagnostician | pathologist | Pathologist A pathologist is a medical doctor or veterinarian who has specialized in the laboratory detection of disease in animals, including humans. These professionals complete medical school education and follow it with an extensive post-graduate residency at a medical center. A pathologist may oversee clinical lab... |
The smallest unit of structure and function in all living organisms is what? | particle | mineral | compound | cell | The cell is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms. Cell Biology focuses on significant aspects of the cell from its structure to its division. Some organisms contain just one cell, and others contain trillions. Some have a nucleus with DNA, others do not. Some have many organelles, others ... |
Bilaterally symmetrical animals have both dorsal and what type of sides? | posterior | exterior | anterior | ventral | |
Which state of matter is not common on earth? | gas | respiration | liquid | plasma | States of matter are different phases in which any given type of matter can exist. There are four well-known states of matter—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—but only the first three states are common on Earth. |
Which system of the body is responsible for bringing air into the body? | digestive system | vascular system | excretory system | respiratory system | We breathe because we need oxygen. Breathing also releases carbon dioxide from our bodies into the air. The respiratory system is the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Recall that oxygen is needed to make ATP. |
The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in this? | sclera | pupil | cornea | retina | Anatomy of the Eye The photoreceptive cells of the eye, where transduction of light to nervous impulses occurs, are located in the retina (shown in Figure 36.17) on the inner surface of the back of the eye. But light does not impinge on the retina unaltered. It passes through other layers that process it so that it can... |
E. coli need what kind of acids to survive? | boric | hydrochloric | bacterial | amino | The trp Operon: A Repressor Operon Bacteria such as E. coli need amino acids to survive. Tryptophan is one such amino acid that E. coli can ingest from the environment. coli can also synthesize tryptophan using enzymes that are encoded by five genes. These five genes are next to each other in what is called the tryptop... |
Elements are defined by their atomic number, a number that describes the amount of what in the element? | neutrons | bonds | electrons | protons | Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom helped explain why atoms of different elements exhibit different chemical behavior. The identity of an element is defined by itsatomic number (Z), the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The atomic number is therefore different for each element. The known e... |
What laboratory instrument is used to analyze and test for static charge? | microtome | microscope | bunsen burner | electroscope | A laboratory instrument used to analyze and test for static charge is called an electroscope. Seen below, an electroscope consists of a metal knob connected by a metal stem to two very lightweight pieces of metal called leaves, shown in yellow. The leaves are enclosed in a box to eliminate stray air currents. |
Through a succession of mitotic cell divisions, what gives rise to a large number of cells? | cytoplasm | condensation | air | zygote | |
Contour tillage helps slow water run-off and what process that causes topsoil loss? | plate tectonics | water erosion | ice shelf erosion | soil erosion | |
In a scientific experiment, the variable that is affected by the other one is called what? | independent variable | effective variable | essential variable | dependent variable | An experiment generally tests how one variable is affected by another. The affected variable is called the dependent variable . In the plant experiment shown in the Figure above , the dependent variable is plant growth. The variable that affects the dependent variable is called the independent variable . In the plant e... |
Cells must also be able to separate their relatively stable interior from what? | competition and chaos | their habitat | predators | the external environment | Cells share the same needs: the need to get energy from their environment, the need to respond to their environment, and the need to reproduce. Cells must also be able to separate their relatively stable interior from the ever-changing external environment. They do this by coordinating many processes that are carried o... |
For any given species, what term means the maximum population that can be supported by the environment? | tipping point | zero population growth | mass extinction | carrying capacity | A population can’t keep growing bigger and bigger forever. Sooner or later, it will run out of things it needs. For a given species, there is a maximum population that can be supported by the environment. This maximum is called the carrying capacity . When a population gets close to the carrying capacity, it usually gr... |
With an increased understanding of gene regulation and gene function, medicines can be designed to specifically target diseased cells without harming these? | pathogens | hosts | stem cells | healthy cells | New Drugs to Combat Cancer: Targeted Therapies Scientists are using what is known about the regulation of gene expression in disease states, including cancer, to develop new ways to treat and prevent disease development. Many scientists are designing drugs on the basis of the gene expression patterns within individual ... |
The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of what or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time? | isotope | plasma | sulfate | reactant | Summary 12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of a reactant or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time. Relations between different rate expressions for a given reaction are derived directly from the stoichiometric coefficients o... |
What do molecules need to do for a reaction to take place? | separate | explode | melt | collide | Molecules need to collide in order for a reaction to take place. |
What is the term for the change in temperature with distance? | temperature volatility | heat gradient | distance gradient | temperature gradient | Temperature gradient is the change in temperature with distance. |
How many classes of biochemical compounds are there? | three | one | five | four | Hemoglobin is a compound in the class of compounds called proteins. Proteins are one of four classes of biochemical compounds, which are compounds in living things. (The other three classes are carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. ) Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Protein molecules... |
The fact that all animals have certain traits in common shows that they share what? | a common planet | a common gene | a common brain | a common ancestor | There is great variation among species that make up the animal kingdom. Some of this variation is shown in Figure below . Despite the variation, there are a number of traits that are shared by all animals. The fact that all animals have certain traits in common shows that they share a common ancestor. How did such a di... |
Organisms that live in freshwater environments often possess a contractile vacuole that prevents cells from taking in too much water through what process? | hemostasis | electrolysis | glycolysis | osmosis | Organisms that live in a hypotonic environment such as freshwater, need a way to prevent their cells from taking in too much water by osmosis. A contractile vacuole is a type of vacuole that removes excess water from a cell. Freshwater protists, such as the paramecia shown in Figure below , have a contractile vacuole. ... |
What is the condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive is known as? | hepatic | susceptibility | hypothyroidism | hyperthyroidism | Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have? Patient A has symptoms including weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate and fatigue. Patien... |
Where do amphibians lay their eggs? | in airborne nests | in caves | on land | in water | Amphibians reproduce sexually. Fertilization may take place inside or outside the body. Eggs are laid in water. They hatch into larvae that live in the water until they undergo metamorphosis to the adult form. |
The food particles are caught by the collar of the choanocyte and brought into the cell by what process? | phototropism | hippocampus | cellular respiration | phagocytosis | Chapter 15 1 Figure 15.3 B 3 Figure 15.33 A 4 B 6 D 8 B 10 A 12 B 14 C 16 C 18 A 20 Specialized tissues allow more efficient functioning because differentiated tissue types can perform unique functions and work together in tandem to allow the animal to perform more functions. For example, specialized muscle tissue allo... |
In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of what basic plant structures? | stems | roots | fruits | leaves | In seedless vascular plants such as ferns, the sporophyte releases spores from the undersides of leaves. |
There are two basic body plans in cnidarians which are called the polyp and what else? | stoma | hydra | spore | medusa | There are two basic body plans in cnidarians. They are called the polyp and medusa. Both are shown in Figure below . The polyp has a tubular body and is usually sessile. The medusa (plural, medusae ) has a bell-shaped body and is typically motile. Some cnidarian species alternate between polyp and medusa forms. Other s... |
In science, what is a bit of information that is true? | falsehood | lie | theory | a fact | Scientists usually begin an investigation with facts. A fact is a bit of information that is true. Facts come from data collected from observations. Facts can also come from experiments that have been run. Data is factual information that results from an investigation. Facts and data are not subject to opinion or bias.... |
What kind of potentially harmful compounds can barbecuing food create? | enzymes | mutagens | triglycerides | carcinogens | Barbecued foods are cooked at very high temperatures. This may cause carcinogens to form. |
Change in what equals the average net external force multiplied by the time this force acts? | rate | lag | height | momentum | Δp = F netΔt, we can see how the change in momentum equals the average net external force multiplied by the time this force acts. The quantity F net Δt is given the name impulse. Impulse is the same as the change in momentum. Impulse: Change in Momentum Change in momentum equals the average net external force multiplie... |
What type of mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain? | mammles | apes | amphibians | primates | Primates include monkeys, apes and humans. These mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain. |
What process allows an individual to develop from a single cell into an organism with trillions of cells? | cell function | cell transition | Cell multiplication | cell division | You consist of a great many cells, but like all other organisms, you started life as a single cell. How did you develop from a single cell into an organism with trillions of cells? The answer is cell division. After cells grow to their maximum size, they divide into two new cells. These new cells are small at first, bu... |
What do you call the membrane-bounded droplets that have some properties of cells? | sporozoans | rods | membranes. | protocells | |
Bees are naturalized on every continent except which? | Africa | Australia | North America | antarctica | Honeybees are one of the most well-known insects on the planet. Bees are naturalized on every continent except Antarctica. Honeybees have a highly developed social structure and depend on their community, or colony, for survival, with a colony containing up to 20,000 bees. When bees search plants for nectar, pollen sti... |
In arthropods, coxal glands and malphigian tubules perform what role? | photosynthesis | ingestion | reproduction | excretion | Some arthropods have special excretory structures. They are called coxal glands and Malphigian tubules. Coxal glands collect and concentrate liquid waste from blood. They excrete the waste from the body through a pore. Malphigian tubules carry waste from the digestive tract to the anus. The waste is excreted through th... |
What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth? | the moon | its core | Mars | the sun | |
What do you call compounds whose properties are different because their atoms are bonded together in different arrangements? | ionic compounds | isotopes | mixtures | isomers | Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The smallest hydrocarbon, methane (CH 4 ), contains just one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Larger hydrocarbons contain many more. Hydrocarbons with four or more carbon atoms can have different shapes. Although they have the same chemical for... |
What celestial object has been visited by manned spacecraft and is easily seen from earth? | Jupiter | venus | the Sun | moon | The Moon is easily seen from Earth. Early astronomers used telescopes to study and map its surface. The Moon has also seen a great number of satellites, rovers, and orbiters. After all, it is relatively easy to get spacecraft to the satellite. Also, before humans could be safely sent to the Moon, many studies and exper... |
What do you call a condition caused by mutations in one or more genes? | evolutionary disorder | intrinsic disorder | mutation disorder | genetic disorder | Mutations can result in errors in protein sequence, creating partially or completely non-functional proteins. These can obviously result in harm to the cell and organism. To function correctly and maintain homeostasis , each cell depends on thousands of proteins to all work together to perform the functions of the cell... |
What is the common term for erythrocytesare, specialized cells that circulate delivering oxygen to cells and are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow? | monocytes | plateletes | white blood cells | red blood cells | Red Blood Cells Red blood cells, or erythrocytes (erythro- = “red”; -cyte = “cell”), are specialized cells that circulate through the body delivering oxygen to cells; they are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. In mammals, red blood cells are small biconcave cells that at maturity do not contain a nucleus or mi... |
When do glaciers deposit their sediment? | when they are new | when they move | when they form | when they melt | Glaciers deposit their sediment when they melt. Landforms deposited by glaciers include drumlins, kettle lakes, and eskers. |
One of the earliest air pumps was made by? | Niels Bohr | Isaac Newton | Galileo | robert boyle | One of the earliest air pumps was made by Robert Boyle. The figure below is a diagram of his early pump. |
Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by what? | element | population | landscape | climate | Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by climate. |
What are scientists able to determine about stars using emission and absorption spectra? | distance | shape | size | composition | Absorption of light by a hydrogen atom. (a) When a hydrogen atom absorbs a photon of light, an electron is excited to an orbit that has a higher energy and larger value of n. (b) Images of the emission and absorption spectra of hydrogen are shown here. Emission and absorption spectra form the basis of spectroscopy, whi... |
Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called this? | careful method | measured method | continued method | scientific method | Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called the scientific method. This procedure consists of makingobservations, formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional observations, hypotheses, and experiments in repeated cycles (Figure ... |
What transmits nerve impulses to other cells? | ions | fats | muscles | neurons | Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells. |
The active transport of ions across the membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across the what? | cells membrane | colloidal membrane | components membrane | plasma membrane | The active transport of ions across the membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across the plasma membrane. The number of positively charged ions outside the cell is greater than the number of positively charged ions in the cytosol. This results in a relatively negative charge on the inside of the membrane, ... |
What process determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other? | curve dating | differential dating | difference dating | relative dating | Relative dating determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other, but not their age in years. Relative dating is based on the positions of fossils in rock layers. Lower layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils. This is illustrated in Figure below . |
Under which process do living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring? | evolution | migration | differentiation | natural selection | The other idea is that evolution occurs by natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring. As a result, their traits increase in the population over time. |
Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis work to flex what part of the body? | lungs | leg | foot | forearm | extensors are the triceps brachii and anconeus. The pronators are the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus, and the supinator is the only one that turns the forearm anteriorly. When the forearm faces anteriorly, it is supinated. When the forearm faces posteriorly, it is pronated. The biceps brachii, brachialis, an... |
Cancer involves what changes that modify cell-cycle control and alter the growth rate or progression of the cell through the cell cycle? | stabilization | deletions | enhancements | mutations | 16.7 | Cancer and Gene Regulation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe how changes to gene expression can cause cancer • Explain how changes to gene expression at different levels can disrupt the cell cycle • Discuss how understanding regulation of gene expression can lead to better drug design C... |
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are hexose sugars, which contain six atoms of what element? | nitrogen | oxygen | hydrogen | carbon | Monosaccharides A monosaccharide is a monomer of carbohydrates. Five monosaccharides are important in the body. Three of these are the hexose sugars, so called because they each contain six atoms of carbon. These are glucose, fructose, and galactose, shown in Figure 2.18a. The remaining monosaccharides are the two pent... |
When an action and reaction occur, what is transferred from one object to the other, yet in combination it remains the same? | energy | matter | force | momentum | When an action and reaction occur, momentum is transferred from one object to the other. However, the combined momentum of the objects remains the same. In other words, momentum is conserved. This is the law of conservation of momentum . |
Which two planetary bodies have humans walked on? | Earth and Saturn | Mars and Jupiter | The Sun and Mars | earth and the moon | Humans have walked on only two planetary bodies: Earth and the Moon. The footprints the men left behind are the first signs of life ever on the Moon. Scientists learned a great deal about the Moon from the Apollo missions. The samples that were brought back have been studied in laboratories. We know an incredible amoun... |
The pion can only be created by violating the conservation of what? | momentum | quantum physics | time-space | mass-energy | Specifically for the strong nuclear force, Yukawa proposed that a previously unknown particle, now called a pion, is exchanged between nucleons, transmitting the force between them. Figure 33.3 illustrates how a pion would carry a force between a proton and a neutron. The pion has mass and can only be created by violat... |
What are named for their “spiny skin”? | amphibians | arachnids | reptiles | echinoderms | Echinoderms are named for their “spiny skin. ” However, the spines aren’t on their skin. They are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton consists of calcium carbonate plates and spines, covered by a thin layer of skin. Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry . This is easy to see in the sea star and sand dollar in F... |
What is formed when sperm mixes with secretions from the various other glands of the reproductive system? | hormone | testosterone | urine | semen | Sperm leave the epididymis through the vas deferens. As they travel through the vas deferens, they pass by the prostate and other glands. The sperm mix with secretions from these glands, forming semen. Semen travels through the urethra and leaves the body through the penis. A teaspoon of semen may contain as many as ha... |
Some plants have stolons, or stems, that run along the ground and are commonly called what? | roots | stages | shoots | runners | Figure 32.25 A stolon, or runner, is a stem that runs along the ground. At the nodes, it forms adventitious roots and buds that grow into a new plant. |
Clearing land for agriculture and development is a major cause of what negative result? | mineral destruction | water destruction | human destruction | habitat destruction | Clearing land for agriculture and development is a major cause of habitat destruction. Within the past 100 years, the amount of total land used for agriculture has almost doubled. Land used for grazing cattle has more than doubled. Agriculture alone has cost the United States half of its wetlands ( Figure below ) and a... |
What in the skin dilates, or widens, in order to increase blood flow to the bodys surface? | tear ducts | veins | pores | blood vessels | The skin helps maintain a constant body temperature. It keeps the body cool in two ways. Sweat from sweat glands in the skin evaporates to cool the body. Blood vessels in the skin dilate, or widen, increasing blood flow to the body surface. This allows more heat to reach the surface and radiate into the environment. Th... |
What burns to produce the white light in fireworks displays? | oxygen in air | nitrogen in air | helium in air | magnesium in air | The white light in fireworks displays is produced by burning magnesium in air, which contains oxygen. What compound is formed?. |
Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and which other group? | acrystalline solids | morphous solids | distinct solids | crystalline solids | Solids can be divided into amorphous solids and crystalline solids. |
Some earthworms can also reproduce asexually by fragmentation followed by what? | digestion | fertilization | germination | regeneration | |
Most crustaceans have separate sexes, so they reproduce sexually using what? | asexual reproduction | pod and eggs | eggs and pod | eggs and sperm | Most crustaceans have separate sexes, so they reproduce sexually using eggs and sperm. Many land crustaceans, such as the Christmas Island red crab, mate every season and return to the sea to release the eggs. Others, such as woodlice, lay their eggs on land when the environment is damp. In some crustaceans, the female... |
Visible light is one type of this radiation? | Gamma | neutron | Ionizing | electromagnetic | Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation , which is a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it moves through space. Other types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves. The figure below shows the electromagnetic sp... |
Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in what kind of solution? | saline | solid | reactive | aqueous | In this reaction, and are positively-charged cations, while and are negatively-charged anions. Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in aqueous solution. In order for a reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water. |
What happens to the recessive traits in the offspring of a hybridization? | they replicate | they dominate | remain recessive | they disappear | Upon compiling his results for many thousands of plants, Mendel concluded that the characteristics could be divided into expressed and latent traits. He called these, respectively, dominant and recessive traits. Dominant traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. Recessive traits become latent, o... |
What is a small, spherical compartment separated by at least one lipid layer from the cytosol? | cortex | capillary | cuticle | vesicle | A vesicle is a small, spherical compartment that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Many vesicles are made in the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, or are made from parts of the cell membrane by endocytosis. Vesicles can also fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents ... |
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