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##morphology studies the origin of landscapes. structural geology studies the deformation of rocks to produce mountains and lowlands. resource geology studies how energy resources can be obtained from minerals. environmental geology studies how pollution and contaminants affect soil and rock. mineralogy is the... | B) at plate boundaries |
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in isotope dating states : there are only three quite technical instances where a half - life changes, and these do not affect the dating methods : " only one technical exception occurs under terrestrial conditions, and this is not for an isotope used for dating.... the artificially - produced isotope, berylli... | A) one half-life |
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species occupying the same geographical area at the same time. a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. they can be either of the same species ( intraspecific interactions ), or of different species ( interspecific interactions ). these ... | C) consumers |
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ability of cells to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. signals can be non - chemical such as light, electrical impulses, and heat, or chemical signals ( or ligands ) that interact with receptors, which can be found embedded in the cell membrane of another cell or locat... | A) long, threadlike extensions |
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navigable capabilities of rivers. in tropical countries subject to periodical rains, the rivers are in flood during the rainy season and have hardly any flow during the rest of the year, while in temperate regions, where the rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year, evaporation causes the availa... | A) different |
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significantly greater strength and fracture toughness. another major change in the body during the firing or sintering process will be the establishment of the polycrystalline nature of the solid. significant grain growth tends to occur during sintering, with this growth depending on temperature and duration o... | D) mechanical digestion |
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the strictest definition of " plant " includes only the " land plants " or embryophytes, which include seed plants ( gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants ) and the free - sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. embryophytes are multicellular eukaryote... | C) germination |
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the valuable metals into individual constituents. = = metal and its alloys = = much effort has been placed on understanding iron – carbon alloy system, which includes steels and cast irons. plain carbon steels ( those that contain essentially only carbon as an alloying element ) are used in low - cost, high - ... | B) semimetals |
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##ctonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the earth ' s crust. beneath the earth ' s crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. the mantle is not quite solid and con... | D) divergent plate boundaries |
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time - dependent distribution of the global extinction of megafauna is compared with the growth of human population. there is no correlation between the two processes. furthermore, the size of human population and its growth rate were far too small to have any significant impact on the environment and on the l... | B) demography |
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##yotic microorganisms. typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most of its habitats. bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, a... | C) antibiotics and detergents |
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an important question of theoretical physics is whether sound is able to propagate in vacuums at all and if this is the case, then it must lead to the reinterpretation of one zero - restmass particle which corresponds to vacuum - sound waves. taking the electron - neutrino as the corresponding particle, its ob... | D) electromagnetic radiation |
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cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone activate full - length glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates. activation by aldosterone a mineralocorticoid, indicates partial divergence of elephant shark gr from the mr. progesterone... | C) both same time |
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as a traditional tool of external assistance, crutches play an important role in society. they have a wide range of applications to help either the elderly and disabled to walk or to treat certain illnesses or for post - operative rehabilitation. but there are many different types of crutches, including should... | D) pelvis |
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generation of direct current in zigzag carbon nanotubes due to harmonic mixing of two coherent electromagnetic waves is being considered. the electromagnetic waves have commensurate frequencies of omega and two omega. the rectification of the waves at high frequencies is quite smooth whiles at low frequencies ... | C) radio waves |
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are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together. such behaviors are studied in a chemistry laboratory. the chemistry laboratory stereotypically uses various forms of laboratory glassware. however glassware ... | D) physical changes |
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intense research in the materials science community due to the unique properties that they exhibit. nanostructure deals with objects and structures that are in the 1 – 100 nm range. in many materials, atoms or molecules agglomerate to form objects at the nanoscale. this causes many interesting electrical, magn... | D) radius |
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analyzing their radiation spectra. the term chemical energy is often used to indicate the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or to transform other chemical substances. = = = reaction = = = when a chemical substance is transformed as a result of its interac... | D) heat, electricity, light |
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= = organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon bonded to another element such as hydrogen. with the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, enabling it to form diverse, large, and complex molecu... | D) carbohydrates |
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a cell. there are generally four types of chemical signals : autocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, and hormones. in autocrine signaling, the ligand affects the same cell that releases it. tumor cells, for example, can reproduce uncontrollably because they release signals that initiate their own self - division. in... | C) chemical signals |
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another and therefore take part in chemical reactions that sustain life. in terms of its molecular structure, water is a small polar molecule with a bent shape formed by the polar covalent bonds of two hydrogen ( h ) atoms to one oxygen ( o ) atom ( h2o ). because the o – h bonds are polar, the oxygen atom has... | A) hydrogen bonds |
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medical purposes. cells are often ' seeded ' into these structures capable of supporting three - dimensional tissue formation. scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix of the native tissue, recapitulating the in vivo milieu and allowing cells to influence their own microenvironments. they usually serve at leas... | B) the ovary |
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the group velocity of light has been measured at eight different wavelengths between 385 nm and 532 nm in the mediterranean sea at a depth of about 2. 2 km with the antares optical beacon systems. a parametrisation of the dependence of the refractive index on wavelength based on the salinity, pressure and temp... | A) hurricanes |
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vehicle crashes. fuel economy / emissions : fuel economy is the measured fuel efficiency of the vehicle in miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. emissions - testing covers the measurement of vehicle emissions, including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides ( nox ), carbon monoxide ( co ), carbon dioxide ( co2 ), ... | C) co2 emissions |
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based on 1 / 10 and 1 / 100 weight percentages of the carbon and other alloying elements they contain. thus, the extracting and purifying methods used to extract iron in a blast furnace can affect the quality of steel that is produced. solid materials are generally grouped into three basic classifications : ce... | B) sublimation |
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what if someone built a " box " that applies quantum superposition not just to quantum bits in the microscopic but also to macroscopic everyday " objects ", such as schr \ " odinger ' s cat or a human being? if that were possible, and if the different " copies " of a man could exploit quantum interference to s... | D) circadian rhythms |
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sight, hearing, touch, and sometimes smell ( e. g., in infection, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis ). four actions are the basis of physical examination : inspection, palpation ( feel ), percussion ( tap to determine resonance characteristics ), and auscultation ( listen ), generally in that order, although auscu... | A) ear |
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energy they need to exist. plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in t... | A) gross primary production |
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muck ) from the edge of the workspace to a water - filled pit, connected by a tube ( called the muck tube ) to the surface. a crane at the surface removes the soil with a clamshell bucket. the water pressure in the tube balances the air pressure, with excess air escaping up the muck tube. the pressurized air f... | B) geoducks |
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lift caissons : the word caisson is also used as a synonym for the moving trough part of caisson locks, canal lifts and inclines in which boats and ships rest while being lifted from one canal elevation to another ; the water is retained on the inside of the caisson, or excluded from the caisson, according to ... | A) after an eruption |
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while the modern stellar imf shows a rapid decline with increasing mass, theoretical investigations suggest that very massive stars ( > 100 solar masses ) may have been abundant in the early universe. other calculations also indicate that, lacking metals, these same stars reach their late evolutionary stages w... | A) binding energy |
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and still use the same basic biological methods. in brewing, malted grains ( containing enzymes ) convert starch from grains into sugar and then adding specific yeasts to produce beer. in this process, carbohydrates in the grains broke down into alcohols, such as ethanol. later, other cultures produced the pro... | D) yeast |
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on a large scale provided protection from insect pests or tolerance to herbicides. fungal and virus resistant crops have also been developed or are in development. this makes the insect and weed management of crops easier and can indirectly increase crop yield. gm crops that directly improve yield by accelerat... | C) food supply |
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excavates, stramenopiles, plants, rhizarians, amoebozoans, fungi, and animals. five of these clades are collectively known as protists, which are mostly microscopic eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi, or animals. while it is likely that protists share a common ancestor ( the last eukaryotic common... | A) bacteria |
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28 size spectra of extensive air showers from 7 different experiments are analysed consistently. they are fitted by adjusting either 4 or 5 parameters : knee position, power law exponents above and below the knee, overall intensity and, in addition, a parameter describing the smoothness of the bend. the residu... | A) ball and socket |
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to maintain the culture, such as the creation of capillary networks within the tissue. another issue with tissue culture is introducing the proper factors or stimuli required to induce functionality. in many cases, simple maintenance culture is not sufficient. growth factors, hormones, specific metabolites or ... | D) homeostasis |
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is also higher at high temperature, as shown by carnot ' s theorem. in a conventional metallic engine, much of the energy released from the fuel must be dissipated as waste heat in order to prevent a meltdown of the metallic parts. despite all of these desirable properties, such engines are not in production b... | B) methane |
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the basis of all plant metabolism. the energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. heterotrophs includi... | D) photosynthesis |
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are single - celled organisms such as bacteria, whereas eukaryotes can be single - celled or multicellular. in multicellular organisms, every cell in the organism ' s body is derived ultimately from a single cell in a fertilized egg. = = = cell structure = = = every cell is enclosed within a cell membrane that... | C) fluid mosaic model |
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, crystal structure, hazards associated with minerals, and the physical and chemical properties of minerals. petrology is the study of rocks, including the formation and composition of rocks. petrography is a branch of petrology that studies the typology and classification of rocks. = = earth ' s interior = = ... | B) lava |
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practice, general practice or primary care is, in many countries, the first port - of - call for patients with non - emergency medical problems. family physicians often provide services across a broad range of settings including office based practices, emergency department coverage, inpatient care, and nursing... | C) bacteria |
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the origin of the arc - shaped stellar complexes in the lmc4 region is still unknown. these perfect arcs could not have been formed by o - stars and sne in their centers ; the strong arguments exist also against the possibility of their formation from infalling gas clouds. the origin from microquasars / grb je... | C) water droplets |
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of the desired gene has been altered to make it non - functional. embryonic stem cells incorporate the altered gene, which replaces the already present functional copy. these stem cells are injected into blastocysts, which are implanted into surrogate mothers. this allows the experimenter to analyse the defect... | D) into the epididymis |
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that molecular ions be present only in well - separated form, such as a directed beam in a vacuum in a mass spectrometer. charged polyatomic collections residing in solids ( for example, common sulfate or nitrate ions ) are generally not considered " molecules " in chemistry. some molecules contain one or more... | A) different substances |
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use less energy than conventional thermal separation processes such as distillation, sublimation or crystallization. the separation process is purely physical and both fractions ( permeate and retentate ) can be obtained as useful products. cold separation using membrane technology is widely used in the food t... | A) fractional crystallization |
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pathogens in agriculture and natural ecosystems. ethnobotany is the study of the relationships between plants and people. when applied to the investigation of historical plant – people relationships ethnobotany may be referred to as archaeobotany or palaeoethnobotany. some of the earliest plant - people relati... | D) vertebrates |
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this process may release or absorb energy. when the resulting nucleus is lighter than that of iron, energy is normally released ; when the nucleus is heavier than that of iron, energy is generally absorbed. this process of fusion occurs in stars, which derive their energy from hydrogen and helium. they form, t... | D) radioactivity |
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be a low - cost, feasible, and accessible way for promoting pa. " essentially, this insinuates that wearable technology can be beneficial to everyone and really is not cost prohibited. also, when consistently seeing wearable technology being actually utilized and worn by other people, it promotes the idea of p... | A) natural selection |
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to rna to protein. there are two gene expression processes : transcription ( dna to rna ) and translation ( rna to protein ). = = = gene regulation = = = the regulation of gene expression by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcrip... | A) chemical reactions |
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also known as the gradient or slope. when two rivers of different sizes have the same fall, the larger river has the quicker flow, as its retardation by friction against its bed and banks is less in proportion to its volume than is the case with the smaller river. the fall available in a section of a river app... | A) mudslide |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | B) air pollution |
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in his 1878 book the effects of cross and self - fertilization in the vegetable kingdom at the start of chapter xii noted " the first and most important of the conclusions which may be drawn from the observations given in this volume, is that generally cross - fertilisation is beneficial and self - fertilisati... | A) amniotic membranes |
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hemicellulose and pectin, larger vacuoles than in animal cells and the presence of plastids with unique photosynthetic and biosynthetic functions as in the chloroplasts. other plastids contain storage products such as starch ( amyloplasts ) or lipids ( elaioplasts ). uniquely, streptophyte cells and those of t... | D) root |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | B) diaphragm |
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oxygen ion migration in li2mno3 was systematically studied by first - principles calculations. hole polaron is found effective to lower the migration barrier of oxygen ion.
development and interaction of starting vortices initiated by dielectric barrier discharge ( dbd ) plasma actuators in quiescent air are i... | A) alveoli |
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there are a variety of bioreactors designed for 3d cell cultures. there are small plastic cylindrical chambers, as well as glass chambers, with regulated internal humidity and moisture specifically engineered for the purpose of growing cells in three dimensions. the bioreactor uses bioactive synthetic material... | D) microtubules |
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by chlorophyll a is initially in the form of electrons ( and later a proton gradient ) that is used to make molecules of atp and nadph which temporarily store and transport energy. their energy is used in the light - independent reactions of the calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco to produce molecules of the 3 ... | C) glucose |
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the carbon - based biosphere has generated a system ( humans ) capable of creating technology that will result in a comparable evolutionary transition. the digital information created by humans has reached a similar magnitude to biological information in the biosphere. since the 1980s, the quantity of digital ... | B) 7 billion |
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and the creation of genetically modified crops. = = = epigenetics = = = epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying dna sequence but cause the organism ' s genes to behave ( or " express themselves " ) differently. one example of epigenet... | B) mutation |
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organelles. in terms of their structural composition, the microtubules are made up of tubulin ( e. g., α - tubulin and β - tubulin ) whereas intermediate filaments are made up of fibrous proteins. microfilaments are made up of actin molecules that interact with other strands of proteins. = = = metabolism = = =... | A) muscle contraction |
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or solid as is the case with water ( h2o ) ; a liquid at room temperature because its molecules are bound by hydrogen bonds. whereas hydrogen sulfide ( h2s ) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure, as its molecules are bound by weaker dipole – dipole interactions. the transfer of energy from one ch... | C) specific heat |
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kingdom ; phylum ( or division ) ; class ; order ; family ; genus ( plural genera ) ; species. the scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single worldwide name for each organism. for example, the tiger lily is lilium columbianum. lilium is the genus, an... | D) sponges |
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be the more significant to modern soil theory than fallou ' s. previously, soil had been considered a product of chemical transformations of rocks, a dead substrate from which plants derive nutritious elements. soil and bedrock were in fact equated. dokuchaev considers the soil as a natural body having its own... | D) evolution |
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the elimination of metabolic wastes. these enzyme - catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. metabolic reactions may be categorized as catabolic — the breaking down of compounds ( for example, the breaking down of glucose to pyruva... | A) glycolysis |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | A) biosphere |
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single carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds such as in methane, two double covalent bonds such as in carbon dioxide ( co2 ), or a triple covalent bond such as in carbon monoxide ( co ). moreover, carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carbon – carbon bonds such as octane or ring - like ... | A) carbon |
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of tool usage was found in ethiopia within the great rift valley, dating back to 2. 5 million years ago. the earliest methods of stone tool making, known as the oldowan " industry ", date back to at least 2. 3 million years ago. this era of stone tool use is called the paleolithic, or " old stone age ", and sp... | C) sedimentary |
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likely that protists share a common ancestor ( the last eukaryotic common ancestor ), protists by themselves do not constitute a separate clade as some protists may be more closely related to plants, fungi, or animals than they are to other protists. like groupings such as algae, invertebrates, or protozoans, ... | B) the flagella |
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al - kimia is derived from the ancient greek χημια, which is in turn derived from the word kemet, which is the ancient name of egypt in the egyptian language. alternately, al - kimia may derive from χημεια ' cast together '. = = modern principles = = the current model of atomic structure is the quantum mechani... | A) molecular mass |
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becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently flowing rivers with a comparatively regular discharge. the irregular flow of rivers throughout their course forms one of the main difficulties in devising works for mitigating inun... | D) smaller |
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is also higher at high temperature, as shown by carnot ' s theorem. in a conventional metallic engine, much of the energy released from the fuel must be dissipated as waste heat in order to prevent a meltdown of the metallic parts. despite all of these desirable properties, such engines are not in production b... | D) endothermic |
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bear ' ) was conspicuous on radar. it is now known that propellers and jet turbine blades produce a bright radar image ; the bear has four pairs of large 18 - foot ( 5. 6 m ) diameter contra - rotating propellers. another important factor is internal construction. some stealth aircraft have skin that is radar ... | A) cornea |
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much sunlight the plant receives each day. this can result in adaptive changes in a process known as photomorphogenesis. phytochromes are the photoreceptors in a plant that are sensitive to light. = = plant anatomy and morphology = = plant anatomy is the study of the structure of plant cells and tissues, where... | D) pigmented |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | B) muscles |
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is the electrostatic force of attraction between them. for example, sodium ( na ), a metal, loses one electron to become an na + cation while chlorine ( cl ), a non - metal, gains this electron to become cl−. the ions are held together due to electrostatic attraction, and that compound sodium chloride ( nacl )... | B) two |
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it is stronger, then demodulates it, extracting the original modulation signal from the modulated carrier wave. the modulation signal is converted by a transducer back to a human - usable form : an audio signal is converted to sound waves by a loudspeaker or earphones, a video signal is converted to images by ... | D) voltage |
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##artificial liver device, " temporary liver ", extracorporeal liver assist device ( elad ) : the human hepatocyte cell line ( c3a line ) in a hollow fiber bioreactor can mimic the hepatic function of the liver for acute instances of liver failure. a fully capable elad would temporarily function as an individu... | A) glycogen |
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wave, carrying an information signal, occupies a range of frequencies. the information in a radio signal is usually concentrated in narrow frequency bands called sidebands ( sb ) just above and below the carrier frequency. the width in hertz of the frequency range that the radio signal occupies, the highest fr... | A) frequency |
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beacon transmits two signals simultaneously on different frequencies. a directional antenna transmits a beam of radio waves that rotates like a lighthouse at a fixed rate, 30 times per second. when the directional beam is facing north, an omnidirectional antenna transmits a pulse. by measuring the difference i... | A) energy movement |
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material includes the unit cell, which is the smallest unit of a crystal lattice ( space lattice ) that repeats to make up the macroscopic crystal structure. most common structural materials include parallelpiped and hexagonal lattice types. in single crystals, the effects of the crystalline arrangement of ato... | D) edge dislocation |
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, they can fission as well, leading to a chain reaction. the average number of neutrons released per nucleus that go on to fission another nucleus is referred to as k. values of k larger than 1 mean that the fission reaction is releasing more neutrons than it absorbs, and therefore is referred to as a self - s... | D) thermal |
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in a voltaic cell, positive ( negative ) ions flow from the low ( high ) potential electrode to the high ( low ) potential electrode, driven by an ` electromotive force ' which points in opposite direction and overcomes the electric force. similarly in a superconductor charge flows in direction opposite to tha... | B) amperes |
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superheated droplets are proven to be excelent detectors for neutrons and could be used as a neutron dosimeter. to detect accurately the volume of the vapour formed upon nucleation and hence to observe the nucleation quantitatively an air displacement system has been developed.
ambient air ( see lockheed f - 1... | B) dew point |
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you noticed any weight loss, change in sleep quality, fevers, lumps and bumps? etc. ), followed by questions on the body ' s main organ systems ( heart, lungs, digestive tract, urinary tract, etc. ). social history ( sh ) : birthplace, residences, marital history, social and economic status, habits ( including... | A) key animal features |
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sugar ) for export to the rest of the plant. unlike in animals ( which lack chloroplasts ), plants and their eukaryote relatives have delegated many biochemical roles to their chloroplasts, including synthesising all their fatty acids, and most amino acids. the fatty acids that chloroplasts make are used for m... | D) cell walls |
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aquatic and most of the aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms are collectively described as algae, which is a term of convenience as not all algae are closely related. algae comprise several distinct clades such as glaucophytes, which are microscopic freshwater algae that may have resembled in form to th... | C) warmer |
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oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. cell membranes also contain membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that... | C) mitochondria |
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solid state components or devices with a useful current or future function. the field is a new breadth of study in graduate programs, and it integrates elements from all classical areas of chemistry like organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and crystallography with a focus on fundamental issues that are uni... | C) magnetic domains |
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cross. the chromosome theory of inheritance, which states that genes are found on chromosomes, was supported by thomas morgans ' s experiments with fruit flies, which established the sex linkage between eye color and sex in these insects. = = = genes and dna = = = a gene is a unit of heredity that corresponds ... | C) autosomes |
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##ta together form the monophyletic group or clade streptophytina. nonvascular land plants are embryophytes that lack the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. they include mosses, liverworts and hornworts. pteridophytic vascular plants with true xylem and phloem that reproduced by spores germinating into free - ... | D) larval |
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stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. large, fl... | A) roots |
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##tes, i. e., genes are unlinked. an exception to this rule would include traits that are sex - linked. test crosses can be performed to experimentally determine the underlying genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype. a punnett square can be used to predict the results of a test cross. the chromosome... | D) gene |
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unitary recordings in freely - moving pulse weakly electric fish suggest spike timing encoding of electrosensory signals
onset of electro - chemical corrosion. similar problems are encountered in coastal and offshore structures. = = = anti - fouling = = = anti - fouling is the process of eliminating obstructiv... | B) species |
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the injuries of the inundations they have been designed to prevent, as the escape of floods from the raised river must occur sooner or later. inadequate planning controls which have permitted development on floodplains have been blamed for the flooding of domestic properties. channelization was done under the ... | A) barrier islands |
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eat them. plants and other photosynthetic organisms are at the base of most food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be used by animals. this is what ecologists call the first trophic level. the modern forms of the maj... | B) spreading seeds |
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possible states of energy for electrons, atoms and molecules. these are determined by the rules of quantum mechanics, which require quantization of energy of a bound system. the atoms / molecules in a higher energy state are said to be excited. the molecules / atoms of substance in an excited energy state are ... | B) state of matter |
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industrial applications. this branch of biotechnology is the most used for the industries of refining and combustion principally on the production of bio - oils with photosynthetic micro - algae. green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. an example would be the selection and domes... | A) organisms |
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, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterranean sea, but was not paved and was only partially maintained. in around 2, 000 bce, the minoans on the greek island of crete built a 50 km road leading from the palace of gortyn on the south side of the island, through the mountains, to the palace of knossos on t... | B) urea |
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reversing the flow of time between casimir plates raises the question of whether or not a recently deceased, intact organism could be brought back to life. the odds are not good.
becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently f... | A) lymphatic |
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, valence bond theory is less applicable and alternative approaches, such as the molecular orbital theory, are generally used. = = = energy = = = in the context of chemistry, energy is an attribute of a substance as a consequence of its atomic, molecular or aggregate structure. since a chemical transformation ... | C) calorimetry |
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