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medical history comprises hpi and pmh. medications ( rx ) : what drugs the patient takes including prescribed, over - the - counter, and home remedies, as well as alternative and herbal medicines or remedies. allergies are also recorded. past medical history ( pmh / pmhx ) : concurrent medical problems, past h... | D) excretory |
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. species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible. a familiar example is peppermint, mentha × piperita, a sterile hybrid between mentha aquatica and spearmint, mentha spicata. the many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter - and ... | D) sperm |
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liver glycogen. during recovery, when oxygen becomes available, nad + attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form atp. in yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. this type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. the atp generated in this process is made by substrate - lev... | D) asci |
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wave, carrying an information signal, occupies a range of frequencies. the information in a radio signal is usually concentrated in narrow frequency bands called sidebands ( sb ) just above and below the carrier frequency. the width in hertz of the frequency range that the radio signal occupies, the highest fr... | A) percentage of solute |
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a legal document in many jurisdictions. follow - ups may be shorter but follow the same general procedure, and specialists follow a similar process. the diagnosis and treatment may take only a few minutes or a few weeks, depending on the complexity of the issue. the components of the medical interview and enco... | A) learned behavior |
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the large scale pattern in the arrival directions of extragalactic cosmic rays that reach the earth is different from that of the flux arriving to the halo of the galaxy as a result of the propagation through the galactic magnetic field. two different effects are relevant in this process : deflections of traje... | D) immigration |
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), electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm whereby glucose is converted into two pyruvates, with two net molecules of atp being produced at the same time. each pyruvate is then oxidized into acetyl - coa by the pyruvate dehydrogena... | B) non-reversible |
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use less energy than conventional thermal separation processes such as distillation, sublimation or crystallization. the separation process is purely physical and both fractions ( permeate and retentate ) can be obtained as useful products. cold separation using membrane technology is widely used in the food t... | D) complicated |
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a graviton laser works, in principle, by the stimulated emission of coherent gravitons from a lasing medium. for significant amplification, we must have a very long path length and / or very high densities. black holes and the existence of weakly interacting sub - ev dark matter particles ( wisps ) solve both ... | C) the stomach |
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electrons, creating radicals. most radicals are comparatively reactive, but some, such as nitric oxide ( no ) can be stable. the " inert " or noble gas elements ( helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon ) are composed of lone atoms as their smallest discrete unit, but the other isolated chemical elements... | B) pure compounds |
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pigment chlorophyll a. chlorophyll a ( as well as its plant and green algal - specific cousin chlorophyll b ) absorbs light in the blue - violet and orange / red parts of the spectrum while reflecting and transmitting the green light that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms. the energy in th... | C) prism |
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are the stone - paved streets of the city - state of ur, dating to c. 4, 000 bce, and timber roads leading through the swamps of glastonbury, england, dating to around the same period. the first long - distance road, which came into use around 3, 500 bce, spanned 2, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterr... | A) wetlands |
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are the stone - paved streets of the city - state of ur, dating to c. 4, 000 bce, and timber roads leading through the swamps of glastonbury, england, dating to around the same period. the first long - distance road, which came into use around 3, 500 bce, spanned 2, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterr... | C) kidney |
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winds from agn and quasars will form large amounts of dust, as the cool gas in these winds passes through the ( pressure, temperature ) region where dust is formed in agb stars. conditions in the gas are benign to dust at these radii. as a result quasar winds may be a major source of dust at high redshifts, ob... | C) local winds |
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sight, hearing, touch, and sometimes smell ( e. g., in infection, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis ). four actions are the basis of physical examination : inspection, palpation ( feel ), percussion ( tap to determine resonance characteristics ), and auscultation ( listen ), generally in that order, although auscu... | B) observations |
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by chlorophyll a is initially in the form of electrons ( and later a proton gradient ) that is used to make molecules of atp and nadph which temporarily store and transport energy. their energy is used in the light - independent reactions of the calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco to produce molecules of the 3 ... | C) glucose |
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##idermal electronics mirror those of skin to allow them to perform in this same way. like skin, epidermal electronics are ultrathin ( h < 100 μm ), low - modulus ( e ≈70 kpa ), and lightweight ( < 10 mg / cm2 ), enabling them to conform to the skin without applying strain. conformal contact and proper adhesio... | D) fingers and toes |
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or lipids ( elaioplasts ). uniquely, streptophyte cells and those of the green algal order trentepohliales divide by construction of a phragmoplast as a template for building a cell plate late in cell division. the bodies of vascular plants including clubmosses, ferns and seed plants ( gymnosperms and angiospe... | B) respiratory and circulatory |
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cross. the chromosome theory of inheritance, which states that genes are found on chromosomes, was supported by thomas morgans ' s experiments with fruit flies, which established the sex linkage between eye color and sex in these insects. = = = genes and dna = = = a gene is a unit of heredity that corresponds ... | A) autsomes |
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so mars below means blood and war ", is a false cause fallacy. : 26 many astrologers claim that astrology is scientific. if one were to attempt to try to explain it scientifically, there are only four fundamental forces ( conventionally ), limiting the choice of possible natural mechanisms. : 65 some astrologe... | D) solar system |
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practice, general practice or primary care is, in many countries, the first port - of - call for patients with non - emergency medical problems. family physicians often provide services across a broad range of settings including office based practices, emergency department coverage, inpatient care, and nursing... | B) fallopian tubes |
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the thickness and the density of the material to be measured. the method is used for containers of liquids or of grainy substances thickness gauges : if the material is of constant density, the signal measured by the radiation detector depends on the thickness of the material. this is useful for continuous pro... | A) elimination |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | D) the atmosphere |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | A) atoms |
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planetary systems can evolve dynamically even after the full growth of the planets themselves. there is actually circumstantial evidence that most planetary systems become unstable after the disappearance of gas from the protoplanetary disk. these instabilities can be due to the original system being too crowd... | A) solar system |
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high speed photometry of kuv 01584 - 0939 ( alias cet3 ) shows that is has a period of 620. 26 s. combined with its hydrogen - deficient spectrum, this implies that it is an am cvn star. the optical modulation is probably a superhump, in which case the orbital period will be slightly shorter than what we have ... | B) summer |
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or solid as is the case with water ( h2o ) ; a liquid at room temperature because its molecules are bound by hydrogen bonds. whereas hydrogen sulfide ( h2s ) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure, as its molecules are bound by weaker dipole – dipole interactions. the transfer of energy from one ch... | A) water |
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the earth ' s atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on earth. photosynthesis has four stages : light absorption, electron transport, atp synthesis, and carbon fixation. light absorption is the initial step of photosynthesis whereby light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments attac... | A) rayleigh scattering |
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##logous in nature, and can be used in a myriad of ways, from helping repair skeletal tissue to replenishing beta cells in diabetic patients. allogenic : cells are obtained from the body of a donor of the same species as the recipient. while there are some ethical constraints to the use of human cells for in v... | C) sporophytes |
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current in passing over from one concave bank to the next on the opposite side. the lowering of such a shoal by dredging merely effects a temporary deepening, for it soon forms again from the causes which produced it. the removal, moreover, of the rocky obstructions at rapids, though increasing the depth and e... | D) velocities |
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, and includes, but is not limited to, the study of epidemics. genetics is the study of genes, and their role in biological inheritance. gynecology is the study of female reproductive system. histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohisto... | C) heredity |
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biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. specialists in the field are known as biotechnologists. the term biotechnology was first used by ka... | A) principle |
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in steady state, the fuel cycle of a fusion plasma requires inward particle fluxes of fuel ions. these particle flows are also accompanied by heating. in the case of classical transport in a rotating cylindrical plasma, this heating can proceed through several distinct channels depending on the physical mechan... | D) molten salt |
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. the phase of matter is defined by the phase transition, which is when energy put into or taken out of the system goes into rearranging the structure of the system, instead of changing the bulk conditions. sometimes the distinction between phases can be continuous instead of having a discrete boundary ; in th... | C) the melting point |
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), electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm whereby glucose is converted into two pyruvates, with two net molecules of atp being produced at the same time. each pyruvate is then oxidized into acetyl - coa by the pyruvate dehydrogena... | A) atp |
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oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. cell membranes also contain membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that... | C) osmotic pressure |
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known as " algae " have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue - green pigment chlorophyll a. chlorophyll a ( as well as ... | C) iron |
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and taken up by the brain. by observing which areas of the brain take up the radioactive isotope, we can see which areas of the brain are more active than other areas. pet has similar spatial resolution to fmri, but it has extremely poor temporal resolution. electroencephalography. eeg measures the electrical ... | B) cerebrum |
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##rozoic eon that began 539 million years ago being subdivided into paleozoic, mesozoic, and cenozoic eras. these three eras together comprise eleven periods ( cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian, triassic, jurassic, cretaceous, tertiary, and quaternary ). the similarities among al... | A) fungi |
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building block. ceramics – not to be confused with raw, unfired clay – are usually seen in crystalline form. the vast majority of commercial glasses contain a metal oxide fused with silica. at the high temperatures used to prepare glass, the material is a viscous liquid which solidifies into a disordered state... | B) calcite |
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the world is changing at an ever - increasing pace. and it has changed in a much more fundamental way than one would think, primarily because it has become more connected and interdependent than in our entire history. every new product, every new invention can be combined with those that existed before, thereb... | A) slow |
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##yotic microorganisms. typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most of its habitats. bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, a... | B) septicemia |
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, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy ( hefib ), rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, small - angle x - ray scattering ( saxs ), etc. ). besides material characterization, the material scientist or engineer also deals with extracting materials and converting them into useful forms. thus ingot casting, f... | C) electrical signal |
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they may have been present earlier, their diversification accelerated when they started using oxygen in their metabolism. later, around 1. 7 billion years ago, multicellular organisms began to appear, with differentiated cells performing specialised functions. algae - like multicellular land plants are dated b... | B) mass extinctions |
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activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur can be in the form of heat, light, electricity or mechanical force in the form of ultrasound. a related concept free energy, which also incorporates entropy considerations, is a very useful means for predicting the feasibility of a reaction and deter... | C) electron affinity |
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, they can fission as well, leading to a chain reaction. the average number of neutrons released per nucleus that go on to fission another nucleus is referred to as k. values of k larger than 1 mean that the fission reaction is releasing more neutrons than it absorbs, and therefore is referred to as a self - s... | B) six |
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set of chemical reactions with other substances. however, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ). molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral a... | B) selective permeation |
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and nucleotides. carbohydrates include monomers and polymers of sugars. lipids are the only class of macromolecules that are not made up of polymers. they include steroids, phospholipids, and fats, largely nonpolar and hydrophobic ( water - repelling ) substances. proteins are the most diverse of the macromole... | B) covalent bonds |
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. most cells are very small, with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers and are therefore only visible under a light or electron microscope. there are generally two types of cells : eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not. prokaryotes are single - celled organisms s... | D) eukaryotic cell |
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by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics. while scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses dna sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so. the dominant classification system is ... | B) dna barcoding |
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higher concentrations of atmospheric nitrous oxide ( n2o ) are expected to slightly warm earth ' s surface because of increases in radiative forcing. radiative forcing is the difference in the net upward thermal radiation flux from the earth through a transparent atmosphere and radiation through an otherwise i... | A) in the oceans |
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time - dependent distribution of the global extinction of megafauna is compared with the growth of human population. there is no correlation between the two processes. furthermore, the size of human population and its growth rate were far too small to have any significant impact on the environment and on the l... | B) predators |
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, characterizing organs as predominantly yin or yang, and understood the relationship between the pulse, the heart, and the flow of blood in the body centuries before it became accepted in the west. little evidence survives of how ancient indian cultures around the indus river understood nature, but some of th... | A) lungs |
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it is stronger, then demodulates it, extracting the original modulation signal from the modulated carrier wave. the modulation signal is converted by a transducer back to a human - usable form : an audio signal is converted to sound waves by a loudspeaker or earphones, a video signal is converted to images by ... | D) hertz |
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in one or more of these kinds of structures, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light ; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less e... | A) speed up |
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the extremely small probability of tunneling through an almost classical potential barrier may become not small under the action of the specially adapted non - stationary signal which selects the certain particle energy e _ r. for particle energies close to this value, the tunneling rate is not small during a ... | A) waves |
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three of what is called the six simple machines, from which all machines are based. these machines are the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, which allowed the ancient egyptians to move millions of limestone blocks which weighed approximately 3. 5 tons ( 7, 000 lbs. ) each into place to create structure... | C) reefs |
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g. spectroscopy and chromatography. scientists engaged in chemical research are known as chemists. most chemists specialize in one or more sub - disciplines. several concepts are essential for the study of chemistry ; some of them are : = = = matter = = = in chemistry, matter is defined as anything that has re... | B) elemental analysis |
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cytokinesis. this can occur early in development to produce an autopolyploid or partly autopolyploid organism, or during normal processes of cellular differentiation to produce some cell types that are polyploid ( endopolyploidy ), or during gamete formation. an allopolyploid plant may result from a hybridisat... | D) ovum |
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while the modern stellar imf shows a rapid decline with increasing mass, theoretical investigations suggest that very massive stars ( > 100 solar masses ) may have been abundant in the early universe. other calculations also indicate that, lacking metals, these same stars reach their late evolutionary stages w... | C) globular clusters |
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a discontinuity of a turbulent ideal fluid is considered. it is supposed to be split and dispersed, or spread in the stochastic environment forming a gas without hydrostatic pressure. two equal - mass fragments of a discontinuity are indistinguishable from each other. a gas, that possesses such properties, mus... | C) solution |
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energy they need to exist. plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in t... | D) light energy |
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energy is no doubt an intuitive concept. following a previous analysis on the nature of elementary particles and associated elementary quantum fields, the peculiar status and role of energy is scrutinised further at elementary and larger scales. energy physical characterisation shows that it is a primordial co... | D) being transferred |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | B) atomic mass unit |
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scale. thus, solutions that have a low ph have a high hydronium ion concentration and can be said to be more acidic. the other measurement, based on the brønsted – lowry definition, is the acid dissociation constant ( ka ), which measures the relative ability of a substance to act as an acid under the brønsted... | A) liver |
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charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them. more than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom. the chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of van ... | C) polar compound |
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to epidemiology and evidence - based medicine. cytology is the microscopic study of individual cells. embryology is the study of the early development of organisms. endocrinology is the study of hormones and their effect throughout the body of animals. epidemiology is the study of the demographics of disease p... | C) endocrine system |
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building block. ceramics – not to be confused with raw, unfired clay – are usually seen in crystalline form. the vast majority of commercial glasses contain a metal oxide fused with silica. at the high temperatures used to prepare glass, the material is a viscous liquid which solidifies into a disordered state... | D) it solidifies |
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##hthalmology and dermatology, but are not considered surgical sub - specialties per se. surgical training in the u. s. requires a minimum of five years of residency after medical school. sub - specialties of surgery often require seven or more years. in addition, fellowships can last an additional one to thre... | D) liquid |
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##aggeration to say that the tip of the radicle.. acts like the brain of one of the lower animals.. directing the several movements ". about the same time, the role of auxins ( from the greek auxein, to grow ) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the dutch scientist frits went. the first known auxi... | D) growth |
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kidneys and the majority of those currently in use are extracorporeal, such as with hemodialysis, which filters blood directly, or peritoneal dialysis, which filters via a fluid in the abdomen. in order to contribute to the biological functions of a kidney such as producing metabolic factors or hormones, some ... | A) adrenal |
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within a cell membrane that separates its cytoplasm from the extracellular space. a cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterols that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures. cell membranes are semipermeable, allowing small molecules such as oxygen, car... | C) biological membranes |
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##rates and peripheral blood, further development of this method is necessary before it can be used routinely. one major drawback of immuno - cytochemistry is that only tumor - associated and not tumor - specific monoclonal antibodies are used, and as a result, some cross - reaction with normal cells can occur... | A) thymus |
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could be maintained in culture containing iaa, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification. cytokinins are a class of plant hormones na... | D) cytokinins |
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cross. the chromosome theory of inheritance, which states that genes are found on chromosomes, was supported by thomas morgans ' s experiments with fruit flies, which established the sex linkage between eye color and sex in these insects. = = = genes and dna = = = a gene is a unit of heredity that corresponds ... | A) the linkage map |
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and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists. this information can relay a great deal of information on how the land once was thousands of years ago and how it has changed over that ti... | C) biomes |
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. currently, even blades made of advanced metal alloys used in the engines ' hot section require cooling and careful limiting of operating temperatures. turbine engines made with ceramics could operate more efficiently, giving aircraft greater range and payload for a set amount of fuel. recently, there have be... | B) frontal bone |
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set of chemical reactions with other substances. however, this definition only works well for substances that are composed of molecules, which is not true of many substances ( see below ). molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neutral a... | C) diatomic |
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electric motors, servo - mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software. a common example of a mechatronics system is a cd - rom drive. mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the cd and move the laser, while an optical system reads the data on the cd and converts it to... | D) electric motors |
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to a region of deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) that carries genetic information that controls form or function of an organism. dna is composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. it is found as linear chromosomes in eukaryotes, and circular chromosomes in prokaryotes.... | D) whole-genome sequencing |
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so mars below means blood and war ", is a false cause fallacy. : 26 many astrologers claim that astrology is scientific. if one were to attempt to try to explain it scientifically, there are only four fundamental forces ( conventionally ), limiting the choice of possible natural mechanisms. : 65 some astrologe... | C) osteoporosis |
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the nervous system. these kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of : ( 1 ) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or ( 2 ) stimulus evoked responses. subspecialties include electroencephalography, electromyography, evoked potential, nerve conduction study and polysomnography. sometime... | D) evidence |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | D) cardiac output |
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also called pain medicine, or algiatry ) is the medical discipline concerned with the relief of pain. pharmacogenomics is a form of individualized medicine. podiatric medicine is the study of, diagnosis, and medical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, lower limb, hip and lower back. sexual medicine is c... | B) eliminates excess iron |
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known as " algae " have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue - green pigment chlorophyll a. chlorophyll a ( as well as ... | C) photosynthesis |
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##ulating the liquid below from the cold air above. water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into water vapor. as a... | A) energy |
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commonly called plastics and rubber. plastics and rubber are the final product, created after one or more polymers or additives have been added to a resin during processing, which is then shaped into a final form. plastics in former and in current widespread use include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl c... | C) polymerization |
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sumerians in mesopotamia used a complex system of canals and levees to divert water from the tigris and euphrates rivers for irrigation. archaeologists estimate that the wheel was invented independently and concurrently in mesopotamia ( in present - day iraq ), the northern caucasus ( maykop culture ), and cen... | C) dredge |
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, lightning strikes, tornadoes, building fires, wildfires, and mass shootings disabling most of the system if not the entirety of it. geographic redundancy locations can be more than 621 miles ( 999 km ) continental, more than 62 miles apart and less than 93 miles ( 150 km ) apart, less than 62 miles apart, bu... | C) fault zone |
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cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone activate full - length glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates. activation by aldosterone a mineralocorticoid, indicates partial divergence of elephant shark gr from the mr. progesterone... | C) depolarization |
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onset of electro - chemical corrosion. similar problems are encountered in coastal and offshore structures. = = = anti - fouling = = = anti - fouling is the process of eliminating obstructive organisms from essential components of seawater systems. depending on the nature and location of marine growth, this pr... | B) detritus |
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stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. large, fl... | A) leaves |
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use less energy than conventional thermal separation processes such as distillation, sublimation or crystallization. the separation process is purely physical and both fractions ( permeate and retentate ) can be obtained as useful products. cold separation using membrane technology is widely used in the food t... | C) contaminants |
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. these biochemical strategies are unique to land plants. = = = medicine and materials = = = phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism. some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hem... | A) cellulose |
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outer satellites of the planets have distant, eccentric orbits that can be highly inclined or even retrograde relative to the equatorial planes of their planets. these irregular orbits cannot have formed by circumplanetary accretion and are likely products of early capture from heliocentric orbit. the irregula... | A) satellites |
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the structural components of cells. as a by - product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise so... | D) roots |
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weakly established hybridomas. unfused b cells die as they have a short life span. in this way, only the b cell - myeloma hybrids survive, since the hgprt gene coming from the b cells is functional. these cells produce antibodies ( a property of b cells ) and are immortal ( a property of myeloma cells ). the i... | A) completion |
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the value of excess charge in the kernel of massive body ( and the opposite in sign excess charge at the surface ) caused by the influence of gravitational forces is determined.
the manufacturer. one common distinction is by nominal pore size. it describes the maximum pore size distribution and gives only vagu... | D) lumbar vertebrae |
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material includes the unit cell, which is the smallest unit of a crystal lattice ( space lattice ) that repeats to make up the macroscopic crystal structure. most common structural materials include parallelpiped and hexagonal lattice types. in single crystals, the effects of the crystalline arrangement of ato... | A) periodic table |
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proteins in the thylakoid membranes. the absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from a donor ( water ) to a primary electron acceptor, a quinone designated as q. in the second stage, electrons move from the quinone primary electron acceptor through a series of electron carriers until they reach a fi... | C) a shell farther from the nucleus |
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