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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | C) atoms |
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substrate - level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. = = = photosynthesis = = = photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism ' s metabolic activities via cellular respiration. this chemic... | C) chemical -> electrical -> light |
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= = = = = = environmental remediation = = = environmental remediation is the process through which contaminants or pollutants in soil, water and other media are removed to improve environmental quality. the main focus is the reduction of hazardous substances within the environment. some of the areas involved i... | A) Building new homes in a wetland |
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, lightning strikes, tornadoes, building fires, wildfires, and mass shootings disabling most of the system if not the entirety of it. geographic redundancy locations can be more than 621 miles ( 999 km ) continental, more than 62 miles apart and less than 93 miles ( 150 km ) apart, less than 62 miles apart, bu... | A) centimeters |
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organic compounds, such as sugars, to ammonia, metal ions or even hydrogen gas. salt - tolerant archaea ( the haloarchaea ) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea fix carbon, but unlike plants and cyanobacteria, no known species of archaea does both. archaea reproduce asexually by binar... | D) Oak trees are a source of food and shelter for animals. |
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this third part of the lecture series deals with the question : who will pay for your retirement? for western europe the answer may be ` ` nobody ' ', but for algeria the demography looks more promising.
remediation include ; soil contamination, hazardous waste, groundwater contamination, oil, gas and chemical... | C) Fossil fuels |
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reaction to proceed more rapidly without being consumed by it — by reducing the amount of activation energy needed to convert reactants into products. enzymes also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell ' s environment or to signals from other c... | C) at the system level |
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was used before copper smelting was known. copper smelting is believed to have originated when the technology of pottery kilns allowed sufficiently high temperatures. the concentration of various elements such as arsenic increase with depth in copper ore deposits and smelting of these ores yields arsenical bro... | C) Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon. |
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have evolved from the earliest emergence of life to present day. earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ago and all life on earth, both living and extinct, descended from a last universal common ancestor that lived about 3. 5 billion years ago. geologists have developed a geologic time scale that divides the hi... | C) a mountain |
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". = = extraction = = extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. in order to convert a metal oxide or sulphide to a purer metal, the ore must be reduced physically, chemically, or electrolytically. extractive metallurgi... | B) recycling it |
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planetary systems can evolve dynamically even after the full growth of the planets themselves. there is actually circumstantial evidence that most planetary systems become unstable after the disappearance of gas from the protoplanetary disk. these instabilities can be due to the original system being too crowd... | B) gravitational force |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | D) respiratory |
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the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. = = = water = = = life arose from the earth ' s first ocean, which formed some 3. 8 billion years ago. since then, water con... | A) the Grand Canyon |
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i reject the following null hypothesis : { h0 : your data are normal }. such drastic decision is motivated by theoretical reasons, and applies to your current data, the past ones, and the future ones. while this situation may appear embarrassing, it does not invalidate any of your results. moreover, it allows ... | B) water, rocks, sunlight |
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of these organisms. the energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy - rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen ( o2 ) as a by - product. the light energy captured by chlorophy... | A) chemical to light |
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##ning an animal for its hide, and even forming other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. the earliest stone tools were irrelevant, being little more than a fractured rock. in the acheulian era, beginning approximately 1. 65 million years ago, methods of working these stones into specific shap... | C) sedimentary. |
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in one or more of these kinds of structures, it is invariably accompanied by an increase or decrease of energy of the substances involved. some energy is transferred between the surroundings and the reactants of the reaction in the form of heat or light ; thus the products of a reaction may have more or less e... | A) cold pack |
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some references for the breaking strength of fused silica fibers compiled in 1999.
in which case individual particles retain their shape ) or pulverization ( which involves grinding the particles themselves to a smaller size ). milling is generally done by mechanical means, including attrition ( which is parti... | C) Water expanding as it freezes. |
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, there are many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. in addition to biomolecules, eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles that have their own lipid bilayers or are spatially units. these organelles include the cell nucleus, which contains most of the cell ' s dna, or mitocho... | A) a plant cell |
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the thickness and the density of the material to be measured. the method is used for containers of liquids or of grainy substances thickness gauges : if the material is of constant density, the signal measured by the radiation detector depends on the thickness of the material. this is useful for continuous pro... | D) a graduated cylinder |
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is said to have occurred. a chemical reaction is therefore a concept related to the " reaction " of a substance when it comes in close contact with another, whether as a mixture or a solution ; exposure to some form of energy, or both. it results in some energy exchange between the constituents of the reaction... | B) negatively-charged particles |
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enough to rise to the surface — giving birth to volcanoes. = = atmospheric science = = atmospheric science initially developed in the late - 19th century as a means to forecast the weather through meteorology, the study of weather. atmospheric chemistry was developed in the 20th century to measure air pollutio... | C) thermometer |
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by which botanists group organisms into categories such as genera or species. biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy. modern taxonomy is rooted in the work of carl linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. these groupings have since been revised to align be... | D) structure |
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and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists. this information can relay a great deal of information on how the land once was thousands of years ago and how it has changed over that ti... | B) wood |
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and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists. this information can relay a great deal of information on how the land once was thousands of years ago and how it has changed over that ti... | D) breaking down dead plant material |
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on a large scale provided protection from insect pests or tolerance to herbicides. fungal and virus resistant crops have also been developed or are in development. this makes the insect and weed management of crops easier and can indirectly increase crop yield. gm crops that directly improve yield by accelerat... | D) organic material |
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( division of the nucleus ) is preceded by the s stage of interphase ( during which the dna is replicated ) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis ; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.... | D) pupa |
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or solid as is the case with water ( h2o ) ; a liquid at room temperature because its molecules are bound by hydrogen bonds. whereas hydrogen sulfide ( h2s ) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure, as its molecules are bound by weaker dipole – dipole interactions. the transfer of energy from one ch... | D) A stove is used to boil water in a pan. |
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, specialty and engineering plastics. polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ) is widely used, inexpensive, and annual production quantities are large. it lends itself to a vast array of applications, from artificial leather to electrical insulation and cabling, packaging, and containers. its fabrication and processing are ... | C) provide protection |
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##ulating the liquid below from the cold air above. water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into water vapor. as a... | B) sun |
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there are no limits for the speeds of light and particles in general relativity ( gr ). four examples illustrate this basic result, which is too often neglected.
by assuming that the kinetic energy, potential energy, momentum, and some other physical quantities of a particle exist in the field out of the parti... | C) speed and frequency |
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##physical processes which take place in human beings as they make sense of information received through the visual system. the subject of the image. when developing an imaging system, designers must consider the observables associated with the subjects which will be imaged. these observables generally take th... | D) electrical energy. |
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( or underlined when italics are not available ). the evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny. phylogenetic studies attempt to discover phylogenies. the basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships. as an example, s... | D) convergent evolution |
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= = = cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in cells to convert chemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate ( atp ), and then release waste products. the reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into small... | D) mitochondrial membrane |
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background : african swine fever is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs. despite nearly a century of research, there is still no safe and effective vaccine available. the current situation is that either vaccines are safe but not effective, or they are effective but not safe. findings : the asf v... | B) Viruses can mutate from year to year. |
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participates as a consumer, resource, or both in consumer – resource interactions, which form the core of food chains or food webs. there are different trophic levels within any food web, with the lowest level being the primary producers ( or autotrophs ) such as plants and algae that convert energy and inorga... | B) A deer eats a leaf. |
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variation in total solar irradiance is thought to have little effect on the earth ' s surface temperature because of the thermal time constant - - the characteristic response time of the earth ' s global surface temperature to changes in forcing. this time constant is large enough to smooth annual variations b... | B) the rotation of Earth. |
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a polygon is a shape that is bounded by a finite chain of straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed chain or circuit. these segments are called its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon ' s vertices ( singular : vertex ) or corners. the interior of the polygon is s... | C) Foot pedal |
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energy they need to exist. plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in t... | B) heat |
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##ctonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the earth ' s crust. beneath the earth ' s crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. the mantle is not quite solid and con... | B) igneous |
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given invariant percolation on a regular tree, where the probability of an edge to be open equals $ p $, is it always possible to find an infinite self - avoiding path along which the density of open edges is bigger then $ p $?
from the oil of jasminum grandiflorum which regulates wound responses in plants by ... | A) the lack of moisture |
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are the stone - paved streets of the city - state of ur, dating to c. 4, 000 bce, and timber roads leading through the swamps of glastonbury, england, dating to around the same period. the first long - distance road, which came into use around 3, 500 bce, spanned 2, 400 km from the persian gulf to the mediterr... | C) a landslide |
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it is well known and well established by scientific observation that a free neutron radioactively decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti - neutrino with a mean life time before decay of about 900 seconds. that established fact conflicts sharply with the hypothesis that the neutron is composed of tw... | B) the atomic number would change |
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##tes, i. e., genes are unlinked. an exception to this rule would include traits that are sex - linked. test crosses can be performed to experimentally determine the underlying genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype. a punnett square can be used to predict the results of a test cross. the chromosome... | C) scientific journals |
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##ctonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the earth ' s crust. beneath the earth ' s crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. the mantle is not quite solid and con... | A) crust |
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is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. the combination is the name of the species. when writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised ( or... | C) The bird existed at one time but is now extinct. |
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and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. some ecologists even rely on empirical data from indigenous people that is gathered by ethnobotanists. this information can relay a great deal of information on how the land once was thousands of years ago and how it has changed over that ti... | D) by releasing carbon into the atmosphere |
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wave, carrying an information signal, occupies a range of frequencies. the information in a radio signal is usually concentrated in narrow frequency bands called sidebands ( sb ) just above and below the carrier frequency. the width in hertz of the frequency range that the radio signal occupies, the highest fr... | D) wind direction in a particular point and time |
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the basis of all plant metabolism. the energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. heterotrophs includi... | B) leaf |
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current in passing over from one concave bank to the next on the opposite side. the lowering of such a shoal by dredging merely effects a temporary deepening, for it soon forms again from the causes which produced it. the removal, moreover, of the rocky obstructions at rapids, though increasing the depth and e... | B) The Grand Canyon |
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eat them. plants and other photosynthetic organisms are at the base of most food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be used by animals. this is what ecologists call the first trophic level. the modern forms of the maj... | A) sense of smell |
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for the treatment of diabetes, was previously extracted from the pancreas of abattoir animals ( cattle or pigs ). the genetically engineered bacteria are able to produce large quantities of synthetic human insulin at relatively low cost. biotechnology has also enabled emerging therapeutics like gene therapy. t... | B) 25% |
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. these biochemical strategies are unique to land plants. = = = medicine and materials = = = phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism. some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hem... | C) time it took for lamps to use oil |
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it to divide into two daughter cells. these events include the duplication of its dna and some of its organelles, and the subsequent partitioning of its cytoplasm into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. in eukaryotes ( i. e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells ), there are two distinct... | B) cancer |
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navigable capabilities of rivers. in tropical countries subject to periodical rains, the rivers are in flood during the rainy season and have hardly any flow during the rest of the year, while in temperate regions, where the rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year, evaporation causes the availa... | D) winter |
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it is well known and well established by scientific observation that a free neutron radioactively decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti - neutrino with a mean life time before decay of about 900 seconds. that established fact conflicts sharply with the hypothesis that the neutron is composed of tw... | A) atomic mass |
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; austrian experts have established that the wheel is between 5, 100 and 5, 350 years old. the invention of the wheel revolutionized trade and war. it did not take long to discover that wheeled wagons could be used to carry heavy loads. the ancient sumerians used a potter ' s wheel and may have invented it. a ... | A) Earth rotating on its axis |
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used by pharmaceutical companies as a way of drug discovery. plants can synthesise coloured dyes and pigments such as the anthocyanins responsible for the red colour of red wine, yellow weld and blue woad used together to produce lincoln green, indoxyl, source of the blue dye indigo traditionally used to dye d... | A) an acid. |
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ion or cation. when an atom gains an electron and thus has more electrons than protons, the atom is a negatively charged ion or anion. cations and anions can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts, such as the na + and cl− ions forming sodium chloride, or nacl. examples of polyatomic ions that do not spli... | A) metal doorknob. |
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eat them. plants and other photosynthetic organisms are at the base of most food chains because they use the energy from the sun and nutrients from the soil and atmosphere, converting them into a form that can be used by animals. this is what ecologists call the first trophic level. the modern forms of the maj... | D) Rabbit |
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the latest news from $ ^ 3 $ he universe are presented together with the extended map of the universe.
brane - universe model embedded in 6 - dimensional space - time with the signature ( 2 + 4 ) is considered. a matter is gravitationally trapped in three space dimensions, but both time - like directions are o... | B) an instinct. |
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and measuring radiation levels. the surveyor program conducted uncrewed lunar landings and takeoffs, as well as taking surface and regolith observations. despite the setback caused by the apollo 1 fire, which killed three astronauts, the program proceeded. apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low ... | D) an orbit created by the force of gravity |
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industrial applications. this branch of biotechnology is the most used for the industries of refining and combustion principally on the production of bio - oils with photosynthetic micro - algae. green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. an example would be the selection and domes... | A) soil quality |
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the structural components of cells. as a by - product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise so... | D) respiratory |
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the sn explosion in the closed binary can give the magnetospheric flare possessing the properties of grb. the sn shock, flowing around the magnetosphere of a magnetized neutron star or a white dwarf, produces a narrow magnetic tail 10 ^ 9 cm long, 10 ^ 8 cm wide and a magnetic field of 10 ^ 6 gauss. fast parti... | C) an electric current |
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, but the other isolated chemical elements consist of either molecules or networks of atoms bonded to each other in some way. identifiable molecules compose familiar substances such as water, air, and many organic compounds like alcohol, sugar, gasoline, and the various pharmaceuticals. however, not all substa... | B) number of protons |
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river valley during ancient times. the papyrus was harvested by field workers and brought to processing centers where it was cut into thin strips. the strips were then laid - out side by side and covered in plant resin. the second layer of strips was laid on perpendicularly, then both pressed together until th... | D) graduated cylinder |
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endothermic reactions, the reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings. chemical reactions are invariably not possible unless the reactants surmount an energy barrier known as the activation energy. the speed of a chemical reaction ( at given temperature t ) is related to the activation energy e, by the boltzm... | A) energy stored in the reactants |
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cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone activate full - length glucocorticoid receptor ( gr ) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates. activation by aldosterone a mineralocorticoid, indicates partial divergence of elephant shark gr from the mr. progesterone... | B) by controlling the deer population |
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doing research is fighting, what any other thing the human being could do? fight against powers or to get powers, that depends on us. science can be a revolution or deadlocked idleness. still waters, without hitting the stones along their history, trend to form bogs.
##ry. immunology is the study of the immune... | D) Many illnesses will be prevented or cured. |
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liver glycogen. during recovery, when oxygen becomes available, nad + attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form atp. in yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. this type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. the atp generated in this process is made by substrate - lev... | D) chemical energy to mechanical energy |
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scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on. generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e. g., the thermometer shows 37. 9 degrees c. but, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to expl... | A) the moon-like phases of Venus |
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##ctonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the earth ' s crust. beneath the earth ' s crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. the mantle is not quite solid and con... | C) volcanic activity. |
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the injuries of the inundations they have been designed to prevent, as the escape of floods from the raised river must occur sooner or later. inadequate planning controls which have permitted development on floodplains have been blamed for the flooding of domestic properties. channelization was done under the ... | B) National parks limit mining, logging, and hunting. |
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. most cells are very small, with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers and are therefore only visible under a light or electron microscope. there are generally two types of cells : eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not. prokaryotes are single - celled organisms s... | A) the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic host |
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this scaffold and cells were placed in a bioreactor, where it matured to become a partially or fully transplantable organ. the work was called a " landmark ". the lab first stripped the cells away from a rat heart ( a process called " decellularization " ) and then injected rat stem cells into the decellulariz... | D) reproduction of skin cells |
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10 kgy most food, which is ( with regard to warming ) physically equivalent to water, would warm by only about 2. 5 °c ( 4. 5 °f ). the specialty of processing food by ionizing radiation is the fact, that the energy density per atomic transition is very high, it can cleave molecules and induce ionization ( hen... | B) The cold water absorbed heat from the pot. |
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becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently flowing rivers with a comparatively regular discharge. the irregular flow of rivers throughout their course forms one of the main difficulties in devising works for mitigating inun... | A) the pond water |
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the myth that the expansion of the universe was discovered by hubble was first propagated by humason ( 1931 ). the true nature of this discovery turns out to have been both more complex and more interesting.
have evolved from the earliest emergence of life to present day. earth formed about 4. 5 billion years ... | D) hydrogen |
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two types of stars are known to have strong, large scale magnetic fields : the main sequence ap stars and the magnetic white dwarfs. this suggest that the former might be the progenitors of the latter. in order to test this idea, i have carried out a search for large scale magnetic fields in stars with evoluti... | C) emits light. |
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huge but not noticed by the consumer. the genuine effect of processing food by ionizing radiation relates to damages to the dna, the basic genetic information for life. microorganisms can no longer proliferate and continue their malignant or pathogenic activities. spoilage causing micro - organisms cannot cont... | C) It changes into water vapor. |
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hand axes emerged. this early stone age is described as the lower paleolithic. the middle paleolithic, approximately 300, 000 years ago, saw the introduction of the prepared - core technique, where multiple blades could be rapidly formed from a single core stone. the upper paleolithic, beginning approximately ... | C) 100 g |
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the walls of a victim ' s stomach. toxicology, a subfield of forensic chemistry, focuses on detecting and identifying drugs, poisons, and other toxic substances in biological samples. forensic toxicologists work on cases involving drug overdoses, poisoning, and substance abuse. their work is critical in determ... | A) density |
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analyzing their radiation spectra. the term chemical energy is often used to indicate the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or to transform other chemical substances. = = = reaction = = = when a chemical substance is transformed as a result of its interac... | C) a flashlight |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | C) 35 |
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use less energy than conventional thermal separation processes such as distillation, sublimation or crystallization. the separation process is purely physical and both fractions ( permeate and retentate ) can be obtained as useful products. cold separation using membrane technology is widely used in the food t... | A) provides useable drinking water |
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as a traditional tool of external assistance, crutches play an important role in society. they have a wide range of applications to help either the elderly and disabled to walk or to treat certain illnesses or for post - operative rehabilitation. but there are many different types of crutches, including should... | C) skeletal |
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, lightning strikes, tornadoes, building fires, wildfires, and mass shootings disabling most of the system if not the entirety of it. geographic redundancy locations can be more than 621 miles ( 999 km ) continental, more than 62 miles apart and less than 93 miles ( 150 km ) apart, less than 62 miles apart, bu... | D) This keeps oxygen from reaching the fire. |
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##ediment to up - stream navigation, and there are generally variations in water level, and when the discharge becomes small in the dry season. it is impossible to maintain a sufficient depth of water in the low - water channel. the possibility to secure uniformity of depth in a river by lowering the shoals ob... | B) melting snow. |
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are combined in the proper order into one bitstream. many other types of modulation are also used. in some types, the carrier wave is suppressed, and only one or both modulation sidebands are transmitted. the modulated carrier is amplified in the transmitter and applied to a transmitting antenna which radiates... | A) energy |
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in 1738. the spinning jenny, invented in 1764, was a machine that used multiple spinning wheels ; however, it produced low quality thread. the water frame patented by richard arkwright in 1767, produced a better quality thread than the spinning jenny. the spinning mule, patented in 1779 by samuel crompton, pro... | D) Housing developments have replaced fields. |
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10 kgy most food, which is ( with regard to warming ) physically equivalent to water, would warm by only about 2. 5 °c ( 4. 5 °f ). the specialty of processing food by ionizing radiation is the fact, that the energy density per atomic transition is very high, it can cleave molecules and induce ionization ( hen... | A) history of space food |
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the gas giant planets in the solar system have a retinue of icy moons, and we expect giant exoplanets to have similar satellite systems. if a jupiter - like planet were to migrate toward its parent star the icy moons orbiting it would evaporate, creating atmospheres and possible habitable surface oceans. here,... | C) a puddle drying in the sun |
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the structural components of cells. as a by - product of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise so... | D) the fungi |
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and measuring radiation levels. the surveyor program conducted uncrewed lunar landings and takeoffs, as well as taking surface and regolith observations. despite the setback caused by the apollo 1 fire, which killed three astronauts, the program proceeded. apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low ... | A) drier. |
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in mathematics, a reflection ( also spelled reflexion ) is a mapping from a euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as the set of fixed points ; this set is called the axis ( in dimension 2 ) or plane ( in dimension 3 ) of reflection. the image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror ... | B) reflecting light |
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classical mechanics is based upon a mechanical picture of nature that is fundamentally incorrect. it has been replaced at the basic level by a radically different theory : quantum mechanics. this change entails an enormous shift in our basic conception of nature, one that can profoundly alter the scientific im... | A) ice melting |
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charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them. more than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom. the chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of van ... | B) It contains more electrons than protons. |
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, crystal structure, hazards associated with minerals, and the physical and chemical properties of minerals. petrology is the study of rocks, including the formation and composition of rocks. petrography is a branch of petrology that studies the typology and classification of rocks. = = earth ' s interior = = ... | B) how the rocks were formed. |
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is said to have occurred. a chemical reaction is therefore a concept related to the " reaction " of a substance when it comes in close contact with another, whether as a mixture or a solution ; exposure to some form of energy, or both. it results in some energy exchange between the constituents of the reaction... | B) a compound |
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