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= = = = = = environmental remediation = = = environmental remediation is the process through which contaminants or pollutants in soil, water and other media are removed to improve environmental quality. the main focus is the reduction of hazardous substances within the environment. some of the areas involved i... | D) dead zone |
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this process may release or absorb energy. when the resulting nucleus is lighter than that of iron, energy is normally released ; when the nucleus is heavier than that of iron, energy is generally absorbed. this process of fusion occurs in stars, which derive their energy from hydrogen and helium. they form, t... | D) helium |
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ion or cation. when an atom gains an electron and thus has more electrons than protons, the atom is a negatively charged ion or anion. cations and anions can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts, such as the na + and cl− ions forming sodium chloride, or nacl. examples of polyatomic ions that do not spli... | A) voltaic cell |
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= = = = = = environmental remediation = = = environmental remediation is the process through which contaminants or pollutants in soil, water and other media are removed to improve environmental quality. the main focus is the reduction of hazardous substances within the environment. some of the areas involved i... | B) urinary system |
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##ning an animal for its hide, and even forming other tools out of softer materials such as bone and wood. the earliest stone tools were irrelevant, being little more than a fractured rock. in the acheulian era, beginning approximately 1. 65 million years ago, methods of working these stones into specific shap... | A) earlier rock |
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current model of atomic structure is the quantum mechanical model. traditional chemistry starts with the study of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, substances, metals, crystals and other aggregates of matter. matter can be studied in solid, liquid, gas and plasma states, in isolation or in combination. t... | C) chemical reaction |
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". = = extraction = = extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. in order to convert a metal oxide or sulphide to a purer metal, the ore must be reduced physically, chemically, or electrolytically. extractive metallurgi... | A) underground |
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plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses do not produce ground - penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis. the sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts. th... | A) thallose liverworts |
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##yotic microorganisms. typically a few micrometers in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most of its habitats. bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, a... | C) population |
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or solid as is the case with water ( h2o ) ; a liquid at room temperature because its molecules are bound by hydrogen bonds. whereas hydrogen sulfide ( h2s ) is a gas at room temperature and standard pressure, as its molecules are bound by weaker dipole – dipole interactions. the transfer of energy from one ch... | B) charge |
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or magnitude. magnitudes are always non - negative real numbers, and to any non - zero number there belongs a positive real number, its absolute value. for example, the absolute value of −3 and the absolute value of 3 are both equal to 3. this is written in symbols as | −3 | = 3 and | 3 | = 3. in general, any ... | A) not significant |
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becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently flowing rivers with a comparatively regular discharge. the irregular flow of rivers throughout their course forms one of the main difficulties in devising works for mitigating inun... | A) hibernation |
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is the scientific study of inheritance. mendelian inheritance, specifically, is the process by which genes and traits are passed on from parents to offspring. it has several principles. the first is that genetic characteristics, alleles, are discrete and have alternate forms ( e. g., purple vs. white or tall v... | C) heterozygotes |
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is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. the combination is the name of the species. when writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised ( or... | A) analogous |
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be the more significant to modern soil theory than fallou ' s. previously, soil had been considered a product of chemical transformations of rocks, a dead substrate from which plants derive nutritious elements. soil and bedrock were in fact equated. dokuchaev considers the soil as a natural body having its own... | A) aquifer |
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development and interaction of starting vortices initiated by dielectric barrier discharge ( dbd ) plasma actuators in quiescent air are illustrated in the attached fluid dynamics videos. these include a series of smoke flow visualisations, showing the starting vortices moving parallel or normal to the wall at... | B) pressure |
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( division of the nucleus ) is preceded by the s stage of interphase ( during which the dna is replicated ) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis ; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.... | A) cytokinesis |
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. species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible. a familiar example is peppermint, mentha × piperita, a sterile hybrid between mentha aquatica and spearmint, mentha spicata. the many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter - and ... | C) behavior |
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and taken up by the brain. by observing which areas of the brain take up the radioactive isotope, we can see which areas of the brain are more active than other areas. pet has similar spatial resolution to fmri, but it has extremely poor temporal resolution. electroencephalography. eeg measures the electrical ... | B) cerebellum |
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include the manufacturing of drugs, creation of model animals that mimic human conditions and gene therapy. one of the earliest uses of genetic engineering was to mass - produce human insulin in bacteria. this application has now been applied to human growth hormones, follicle stimulating hormones ( for treati... | B) reproductive |
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##s ( sometimes called pressurized caissons ), which penetrate soft mud, are bottomless boxes sealed at the top and filled with compressed air to keep water and mud out at depth. an airlock allows access to the chamber. workers, called sandhogs in american english, move mud and rock debris ( called muck ) from... | A) lahars |
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the scientific revolution. aristotle also contributed to theories of the elements and the cosmos. he believed that the celestial bodies ( such as the planets and the sun ) had something called an unmoved mover that put the celestial bodies in motion. aristotle tried to explain everything through mathematics an... | D) copernicus |
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this is the second of a series of popular lectures on quantum chromodynamics. the first ( introductory ) lecture can be found here : https : / / scfh. ru / blogs / o _ fizike _ i _ fizikah / polet - nad - kvantovoy - khromodinamikoy / the lecture deals with the one of the main pillars of quantum chromodynamics... | A) color |
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is the scientific study of inheritance. mendelian inheritance, specifically, is the process by which genes and traits are passed on from parents to offspring. it has several principles. the first is that genetic characteristics, alleles, are discrete and have alternate forms ( e. g., purple vs. white or tall v... | C) dominant or recessive |
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tubers in potato is one example. particularly in arctic or alpine habitats, where opportunities for fertilisation of flowers by animals are rare, plantlets or bulbs, may develop instead of flowers, replacing sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction and giving rise to clonal populations genetically identic... | A) sexual reproduction |
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the carbon - based biosphere has generated a system ( humans ) capable of creating technology that will result in a comparable evolutionary transition. the digital information created by humans has reached a similar magnitude to biological information in the biosphere. since the 1980s, the quantity of digital ... | A) 33 |
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1975. skin tissue - engineered skin is a type of bioartificial organ that is often used to treat burns, diabetic foot ulcers, or other large wounds that cannot heal well on their own. artificial skin can be made from autografts, allografts, and xenografts. autografted skin comes from a patient ' s own skin, wh... | A) cuticle |
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kingdom ; phylum ( or division ) ; class ; order ; family ; genus ( plural genera ) ; species. the scientific name of a plant represents its genus and its species within the genus, resulting in a single worldwide name for each organism. for example, the tiger lily is lilium columbianum. lilium is the genus, an... | C) diversity |
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current model of atomic structure is the quantum mechanical model. traditional chemistry starts with the study of elementary particles, atoms, molecules, substances, metals, crystals and other aggregates of matter. matter can be studied in solid, liquid, gas and plasma states, in isolation or in combination. t... | A) a chemical reaction |
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molecular nitrogen is the most commonly assumed background gas that supports habitability on rocky planets. despite its chemical inertness, nitrogen molecule is broken by lightning, hot volcanic vents, and bolide impacts, and can be converted into soluble nitrogen compounds and then sequestered in the ocean. t... | A) denitrifying bacteria |
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. respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. the overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions. although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in... | A) cellular respiration |
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bear ' ) was conspicuous on radar. it is now known that propellers and jet turbine blades produce a bright radar image ; the bear has four pairs of large 18 - foot ( 5. 6 m ) diameter contra - rotating propellers. another important factor is internal construction. some stealth aircraft have skin that is radar ... | C) air |
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blood vessels. mechanical stimuli, such as pressure pulses seem to be beneficial to all kind of cardiovascular tissue such as heart valves, blood vessels or pericardium. = = = bioreactors = = = in tissue engineering, a bioreactor is a device that attempts to simulate a physiological environment in order to pro... | A) veins |
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various forms that are characteristic of its life cycle. there are four key processes that underlie development : determination, differentiation, morphogenesis, and growth. determination sets the developmental fate of a cell, which becomes more restrictive during development. differentiation is the process by ... | C) rna analysis |
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by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics. while scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses dna sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so. the dominant classification system is ... | B) myriapoda |
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another and therefore take part in chemical reactions that sustain life. in terms of its molecular structure, water is a small polar molecule with a bent shape formed by the polar covalent bonds of two hydrogen ( h ) atoms to one oxygen ( o ) atom ( h2o ). because the o – h bonds are polar, the oxygen atom has... | D) more |
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ability of cells to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. signals can be non - chemical such as light, electrical impulses, and heat, or chemical signals ( or ligands ) that interact with receptors, which can be found embedded in the cell membrane of another cell or locat... | C) neurotransmitter molecules |
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= = organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon bonded to another element such as hydrogen. with the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, enabling it to form diverse, large, and complex molecu... | A) organic compounds |
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single carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds such as in methane, two double covalent bonds such as in carbon dioxide ( co2 ), or a triple covalent bond such as in carbon monoxide ( co ). moreover, carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carbon – carbon bonds such as octane or ring - like ... | C) one |
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we cut the volume of surface code s gates by 25 % by omitting a hadamard gate.
or removed from the dna during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying g... | B) competition |
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participates as a consumer, resource, or both in consumer – resource interactions, which form the core of food chains or food webs. there are different trophic levels within any food web, with the lowest level being the primary producers ( or autotrophs ) such as plants and algae that convert energy and inorga... | D) plants & animals |
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a state of semi - perpetual convection. this convection process causes the lithospheric plates to move, albeit slowly. the resulting process is known as plate tectonics. areas of the crust where new crust is created are called divergent boundaries, those where it is brought back into the earth are convergent b... | A) outward |
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is the genus, and columbianum the specific epithet. the combination is the name of the species. when writing the scientific name of an organism, it is proper to capitalise the first letter in the genus and put all of the specific epithet in lowercase. additionally, the entire term is ordinarily italicised ( or... | D) threaten other species |
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process of lactic acid fermentation, which produced other preserved foods, such as soy sauce. fermentation was also used in this time period to produce leavened bread. although the process of fermentation was not fully understood until louis pasteur ' s work in 1857, it is still the first use of biotechnology ... | A) spermatogenesis |
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the theory outright... lakatos sought to reconcile the rationalism of popperian falsificationism with what seemed to be its own refutation by history ". many philosophers have tried to solve the problem of demarcation in the following terms : a statement constitutes knowledge if sufficiently many people believ... | B) hypotheses |
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hemicellulose and pectin, larger vacuoles than in animal cells and the presence of plastids with unique photosynthetic and biosynthetic functions as in the chloroplasts. other plastids contain storage products such as starch ( amyloplasts ) or lipids ( elaioplasts ). uniquely, streptophyte cells and those of t... | B) plants |
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this process may release or absorb energy. when the resulting nucleus is lighter than that of iron, energy is normally released ; when the nucleus is heavier than that of iron, energy is generally absorbed. this process of fusion occurs in stars, which derive their energy from hydrogen and helium. they form, t... | D) nucleus of atom |
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becomes quite gentle. accordingly, in large basins, rivers in most cases begin as torrents with a variable flow, and end as gently flowing rivers with a comparatively regular discharge. the irregular flow of rivers throughout their course forms one of the main difficulties in devising works for mitigating inun... | B) restoration |
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) of the mass of all organisms, with calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium constituting essentially all the remainder. different elements can combine to form compounds such as water, which is fundamental to life. biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to livi... | D) cell |
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energy they need to exist. plants, algae and cyanobacteria are the major groups of organisms that carry out photosynthesis, a process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in t... | A) plants |
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classified as an acid or a base. there are several different theories which explain acid – base behavior. the simplest is arrhenius theory, which states that an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions when it is dissolved in water, and a base is one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water... | C) an anion |
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##ulating the liquid below from the cold air above. water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into water vapor. as a... | C) condensation |
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proteins in the thylakoid membranes. the absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from a donor ( water ) to a primary electron acceptor, a quinone designated as q. in the second stage, electrons move from the quinone primary electron acceptor through a series of electron carriers until they reach a fi... | D) electrochemical |
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planetary systems can evolve dynamically even after the full growth of the planets themselves. there is actually circumstantial evidence that most planetary systems become unstable after the disappearance of gas from the protoplanetary disk. these instabilities can be due to the original system being too crowd... | D) neurodevelopmental disorders |
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used by pharmaceutical companies as a way of drug discovery. plants can synthesise coloured dyes and pigments such as the anthocyanins responsible for the red colour of red wine, yellow weld and blue woad used together to produce lincoln green, indoxyl, source of the blue dye indigo traditionally used to dye d... | A) blue |
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in gravitational lensing, the concept of optical depth assumes the lens is dark. several microlensing detections have now been made where the lens may be bright. relations are developed between apparent and absolute optical depth in the regime of the apparent and absolute brightness of the lens. an apparent op... | C) black holes |
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has rest mass and volume ( it takes up space ) and is made up of particles. the particles that make up matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances. = = = = atom = = = = the atom is the basic unit of che... | B) empty space |
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manifold of dimension two ( see § topological surface ). a differentiable surface is a surfaces that is a differentiable manifold ( see § differentiable surface ). every differentiable surface is a topological surface, but the converse is false. a " surface " is often implicitly supposed to be contained in a e... | A) alveoli |
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. the phase of matter is defined by the phase transition, which is when energy put into or taken out of the system goes into rearranging the structure of the system, instead of changing the bulk conditions. sometimes the distinction between phases can be continuous instead of having a discrete boundary ; in th... | B) sublimation |
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the nervous system. these kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of : ( 1 ) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or ( 2 ) stimulus evoked responses. subspecialties include electroencephalography, electromyography, evoked potential, nerve conduction study and polysomnography. sometime... | D) brain, spinal cord |
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wave, carrying an information signal, occupies a range of frequencies. the information in a radio signal is usually concentrated in narrow frequency bands called sidebands ( sb ) just above and below the carrier frequency. the width in hertz of the frequency range that the radio signal occupies, the highest fr... | B) wavelength |
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##ctonics, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are geological phenomena that can be explained in terms of physical and chemical processes in the earth ' s crust. beneath the earth ' s crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. the mantle is not quite solid and con... | A) earthquake |
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other strands of proteins. = = = metabolism = = = all cells require energy to sustain cellular processes. metabolism is the set of chemical reactions in an organism. the three main purposes of metabolism are : the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes ; the conversion of food / fuel to monomer... | A) chemosynthesis |
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is the scientific study of inheritance. mendelian inheritance, specifically, is the process by which genes and traits are passed on from parents to offspring. it has several principles. the first is that genetic characteristics, alleles, are discrete and have alternate forms ( e. g., purple vs. white or tall v... | B) genotype |
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known as anaesthetics ) : concerned with the perioperative management of the surgical patient. the anesthesiologist ' s role during surgery is to prevent derangement in the vital organs ' ( i. e. brain, heart, kidneys ) functions and postoperative pain. outside of the operating room, the anesthesiology physici... | A) large intestine |
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##ysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. fermentation oxidizes nadh to nad + so it can be re - used in glycolysis. in the absence of oxygen, fermentation prevents the buildup of nadh in the cytoplasm and provides nad + for glycolysis. this waste product varies depending on the organism. in skeletal muscl... | A) sulfur oxides |
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it to divide into two daughter cells. these events include the duplication of its dna and some of its organelles, and the subsequent partitioning of its cytoplasm into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. in eukaryotes ( i. e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells ), there are two distinct... | B) mitosis |
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reversing the flow of time between casimir plates raises the question of whether or not a recently deceased, intact organism could be brought back to life. the odds are not good.
time - dependent distribution of the global extinction of megafauna is compared with the growth of human population. there is no cor... | C) secondary succession |
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ion or cation. when an atom gains an electron and thus has more electrons than protons, the atom is a negatively charged ion or anion. cations and anions can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts, such as the na + and cl− ions forming sodium chloride, or nacl. examples of polyatomic ions that do not spli... | D) ion |
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endothermic reactions, the reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings. chemical reactions are invariably not possible unless the reactants surmount an energy barrier known as the activation energy. the speed of a chemical reaction ( at given temperature t ) is related to the activation energy e, by the boltzm... | B) anaphylaxis |
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##g mills. wet mixing generally involves the same equipment. forming is making the mixed material into shapes, ranging from toilet bowls to spark plug insulators. forming can involve : ( 1 ) extrusion, such as extruding " slugs " to make bricks, ( 2 ) pressing to make shaped parts, ( 3 ) slip casting, as in ma... | C) cavitation |
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water content and the internal evolution of terrestrial planets and icy bodies are closely linked. the distribution of water in planetary systems is controlled by the temperature structure in the protoplanetary disk and dynamics and migration of planetesimals and planetary embryos. this results in the formatio... | B) body cells |
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cobalt nanowires with a diameter in the range between 50 to 100nm can be prepared as single - crystal wires with the easy axis ( the c - axis ) perpendicular to the wire axis. the competition between the crystal anisotropy and demagnetization energy frustrates the magnetization direction. a periodic modulation... | D) electromagnetism |
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or removed from the dna during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code. epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successi... | C) meristem |
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charges in the nuclei and the negative charges oscillating about them. more than simple attraction and repulsion, the energies and distributions characterize the availability of an electron to bond to another atom. the chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionic bond, a hydrogen bond or just because of van ... | B) covalent |
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listen ), generally in that order, although auscultation occurs prior to percussion and palpation for abdominal assessments. the clinical examination involves the study of : abdomen and rectum cardiovascular ( heart and blood vessels ) general appearance of the patient and specific indicators of disease ( nutr... | C) rh |
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by which botanists group organisms into categories such as genera or species. biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy. modern taxonomy is rooted in the work of carl linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. these groupings have since been revised to align be... | D) biome |
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oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to pass through while restricting the movement of larger molecules and charged particles such as ions. cell membranes also contain membrane proteins, including integral membrane proteins that go across the membrane serving as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that... | C) golgi apparatus |
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) : concurrent medical problems, past hospitalizations and operations, injuries, past infectious diseases or vaccinations, history of known allergies. review of systems ( ros ) or systems inquiry : a set of additional questions to ask, which may be missed on hpi : a general enquiry ( have you noticed any weigh... | D) reproductive |
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in mathematics, a reflection ( also spelled reflexion ) is a mapping from a euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as the set of fixed points ; this set is called the axis ( in dimension 2 ) or plane ( in dimension 3 ) of reflection. the image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror ... | C) angle of reflection |
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##hosphere ) and its historic development. major subdisciplines are mineralogy and petrology, geomorphology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, engineering geology, and sedimentology. physical geography focuses on geography as an earth science. physical geography is the study of earth ' s seasons,... | B) california |
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electrons to drive the synthesis of glucose by fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide into existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate ( rubp ) in a sequence of light - independent ( or dark ) reactions called the calvin cycle. = = = cell signaling = = = cell signaling ( or communication ) is t... | B) pheromones |
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the strictest definition of " plant " includes only the " land plants " or embryophytes, which include seed plants ( gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants ) and the free - sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. embryophytes are multicellular eukaryote... | D) kinetic |
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three of what is called the six simple machines, from which all machines are based. these machines are the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, which allowed the ancient egyptians to move millions of limestone blocks which weighed approximately 3. 5 tons ( 7, 000 lbs. ) each into place to create structure... | D) wedge |
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it to divide into two daughter cells. these events include the duplication of its dna and some of its organelles, and the subsequent partitioning of its cytoplasm into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. in eukaryotes ( i. e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells ), there are two distinct... | C) meiosis |
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techniques that provide heart and lung support. it is used primarily to support the lungs for a prolonged but still temporary timeframe ( 1 – 30 days ) and allow for recovery from reversible diseases. robert bartlett is known as the father of ecmo and performed the first treatment of a newborn using an ecmo ma... | D) dermis |
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##tion, and pasteurization in order to become products that can be sold. there are three levels of food processing : primary, secondary, and tertiary. primary food processing involves turning agricultural products into other products that can be turned into food, secondary food processing is the making of food... | C) phytoplankton |
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it is also possible to define analogs in two - dimensional systems, which has received attention for its relevance to systems in biology. = = = bonding = = = atoms sticking together in molecules or crystals are said to be bonded with one another. a chemical bond may be visualized as the multipole balance betwe... | C) transfer |
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be the more significant to modern soil theory than fallou ' s. previously, soil had been considered a product of chemical transformations of rocks, a dead substrate from which plants derive nutritious elements. soil and bedrock were in fact equated. dokuchaev considers the soil as a natural body having its own... | A) human activities |
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of these cellular components. the different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic phase of an animal cell cycle — the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. the cell cycle is a vital process by which a single - celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organis... | B) sperm |
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, characterizing organs as predominantly yin or yang, and understood the relationship between the pulse, the heart, and the flow of blood in the body centuries before it became accepted in the west. little evidence survives of how ancient indian cultures around the indus river understood nature, but some of th... | A) organ systems |
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electric motors, servo - mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software. a common example of a mechatronics system is a cd - rom drive. mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the cd and move the laser, while an optical system reads the data on the cd and converts it to... | B) changing a force |
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superdielectric behavior was observed in pastes made of high surface area alumina filled to the level of incipient wetness with water containing dissolved sodium chloride ( table salt ). in some cases the dielectric constants were greater than 10 ^ 10.
the responds of different common alkali halide crystals to... | B) gas |
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with one allele inducing a change on the other. = = plant evolution = = the chloroplasts of plants have a number of biochemical, structural and genetic similarities to cyanobacteria, ( commonly but incorrectly known as " blue - green algae " ) and are thought to be derived from an ancient endosymbiotic relatio... | A) angiosperms |
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. most cells are very small, with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers and are therefore only visible under a light or electron microscope. there are generally two types of cells : eukaryotic cells, which contain a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which do not. prokaryotes are single - celled organisms s... | C) cell wall |
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human blood primarily comprises plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. it plays a vital role in transporting nutrients to different organs, where it stores essential health - related data about the human body. blood cells are utilized to defend the body against diverse infections, including... | A) the sinuses |
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= = organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon bonded to another element such as hydrogen. with the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, enabling it to form diverse, large, and complex molecu... | A) ionic |
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the thickness and the density of the material to be measured. the method is used for containers of liquids or of grainy substances thickness gauges : if the material is of constant density, the signal measured by the radiation detector depends on the thickness of the material. this is useful for continuous pro... | A) urea |
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generated by large populations of neurons in the cortex by placing a series of electrodes on the scalp of the subject. this technique has an extremely high temporal resolution, but a relatively poor spatial resolution. functional magnetic resonance imaging. fmri measures the relative amount of oxygenated blood... | C) stroke |
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dish " antennas up to 25 metres ( 82 ft ) in diameter and extremely sensitive receivers. high frequencies in the microwave band are used, since microwaves pass through the ionosphere without refraction, and at microwave frequencies the high - gain antennas needed to focus the radio energy into a narrow beam po... | B) crests |
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