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we have studied homeomorphisms that satisfy the poletsky - type inverse inequality in the domain of the euclidean space. it is proved that the uniform limit of the family of such homeomorphisms is either a homeomorphism into the euclidean space, or a constant in the extended euclidean space. | arxiv:2406.02692 |
the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries have long been considered as a formative period for modern irish political traditions such as nationalism, republicanism and unionism. for europe it was the time of a turnover in science moving from observation to experiment and from speculation to fact. richard kirwan was a well known natural philosopher in europe and a respected man of science in his time. throughout all the wars, he was connected with his colleagues in a network reaching across europe and even to america. using a few examples, this article is intended to provide an insight how the network worked in a time that was marked by political conflicts and revolutionary events in both science and social life. | arxiv:2404.02560 |
we investigated the effects of particle shape on shear thickening in densely packed suspensions. rods of different aspect ratios and non - convex hooked rods were fabricated. viscosity curves and normal stresses were measured using a rheometer for a wide range of packing fractions for each shape. suspensions of each shape exhibit qualitatively similar discontinuous shear thickening. the logarithmic slope of the stress / shear - rate relation increases dramatically with packing fraction and diverges at a critical packing fraction phi _ c which depends on particle shape. the packing fraction dependence of the viscosity curves for different convex shapes can be collapsed when the packing fraction is normalized by phi _ c. intriguingly, viscosity curves for non - convex particles do not collapse on the same set as convex particles, showing strong shear thickening over a wider range of packing fraction. the value of phi _ c is found to coincide with the onset of a yield stress at the jamming transition, suggesting the jamming transition also controls shear thickening. the yield stress is found to correspond with trapped air in the suspensions, and the scale of the stress can be attributed to interfacial tension forces which dramatically increase above phi _ c due to the geometric constraints of jamming. the relationship between shear and normal stresses is found to be linear in both the shear thickening and jammed regimes, indicating that the shear stresses come from friction. in the limit of zero shear rate, normal stresses pull the rheometer plates together due to the surface tension of the liquid below phi _ c, but push the rheometer plates apart due to jamming above phi _ c. | arxiv:1106.6093 |
using combinatorics of young walls, we give a new realization of arbitrary level irreducible highest weight crystals $ \ mathcal { b } ( \ lambda ) $ for quantum affine algebras of type $ a _ n ^ { ( 1 ) } $, $ b _ n ^ { ( 1 ) } $, $ c _ n ^ { ( 1 ) } $, $ a _ { 2n - 1 } ^ { ( 2 ) } $, $ a _ { 2n } ^ { ( 2 ) } $, and $ d _ { n + 1 } ^ { ( 2 ) } $. the irreducible highest weight crystals are realized as the affine crystals consisting of reduced proper young walls. the notion of slices and splitting of blocks plays a crucial role in the constructions of crystal graphs. | arxiv:math/0310430 |
we study anderson localization in a discrete - time quantum map dynamics in one dimension with nearest - neighbor hopping strength $ \ theta $ and quasienergies located on the unit circle. we demonstrate that strong disorder in a local phase field yields a uniform spectrum gaplessly occupying the entire unit circle. the resulting eigenstates are exponentially localized. remarkably this anderson localization is universal as all eigenstates have one and the same localization length $ l _ { loc } $. we present an exact theory for the calculation of the localization length as a function of the hopping, $ 1 / l _ \ text { loc } = \ left | \ ln \ left ( | \ sin ( \ theta ) | \ right ) \ right | $, that is tunable between zero and infinity by variation of the hopping $ \ theta $. | arxiv:2204.02717 |
we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of some very general type of degenerate complex monge - amp \ ` ere equations. this type of equations is precisely what is needed in order to construct k \ " ahler - einstein metrics over irreducible singular k \ " ahler spaces with ample or trivial canonical sheaf and singular k \ " ahler - einstein metrics over varieties of general type. | arxiv:0710.5109 |
seamless interaction between ai agents and humans using natural language remains a key goal in ai research. this paper addresses the challenges of developing interactive agents capable of understanding and executing grounded natural language instructions through the iglu competition at neurips. despite advancements, challenges such as a scarcity of appropriate datasets and the need for effective evaluation platforms persist. we introduce a scalable data collection tool for gathering interactive grounded language instructions within a minecraft - like environment, resulting in a multi - modal dataset with around 9, 000 utterances and over 1, 000 clarification questions. additionally, we present a human - in - the - loop interactive evaluation platform for qualitative analysis and comparison of agent performance through multi - turn communication with human annotators. we offer to the community these assets referred to as idat ( iglu dataset and toolkit ) which aim to advance the development of intelligent, interactive ai agents and provide essential resources for further research. | arxiv:2407.08898 |
a classification of weakly compact multiplication operators on l ( l _ p ), $ 1 < p < \ infty $, is given. this answers a question raised by saksman and tylli in 1992. the classification involves the concept of $ \ ell _ p $ - strictly singular operators, and we also investigate the structure of general $ \ ell _ p $ - strictly singular operators on l _ p. the main result is that if an operator t on l _ p, 1 < p < 2, is $ \ ell _ p $ - strictly singular and t _ { | x } is an isomorphism for some subspace x of l _ p, then x embeds into l _ r for all r < 2, but x need not be isomorphic to a hilbert space. it is also shown that if t is convolution by a biased coin on l _ p of the cantor group, $ 1 \ le p < 2 $, and $ t _ { | x } $ is an isomorphism for some reflexive subspace x of l _ p, then x is isomorphic to a hilbert space. the case p = 1 answers a question asked by rosenthal in 1976. | arxiv:0708.0560 |
one of the primary goals of the rhic spin program is to determine the gluon polarization distribution within the proton. at leading order, $ pp $ collisions involve a mixture of quark - quark, quark - gluon, and gluon - gluon scattering. in rhic, the gluon - gluon and quark - gluon contributions dominate, making the accelerator an ideal tool to explore gluon polarization. the star experiment has measured the longitudinal double - spin asymmetry $ a _ { ll } $ for inclusive production of jets and pions, and for charged pion production opposite a jet, at $ \ sqrt { s } = 200 gev $. the results provide valuable new constraints on the gluon polarization in the proton when included in a next - to - leading - order global analysis. the current status of the star measurements and the plans for future measurements will be discussed. | arxiv:0906.0271 |
quantum finite frequency noise is one of fundamental aspects in quantum measurements performed during quantum information processing where currently majorana bound states offer an efficient way to implement fault - tolerant quantum computation via topological protection from decoherence or unitary errors. thus a detailed exploration of majorana finite frequency noise spectra, preferably in a nonequilibrium device, is a timely challenge of fundamental importance. here we present results on finite frequency differential noise that is the derivative of the noise with respect to the frequency. this quantity has universal units of $ e ^ 2 $ and scans in high detail all peculiarities of the majorana noise clearly demonstrating its universal finite frequency features. in particular, we provide photon absorption spectra on all energy scales and reveal a rich structure including universal majorana plateaus as well as universal majorana resonances and antiresonances at characteristic frequencies. our results are of immediate interest to state - of - the - art experiments involving quantum noise mesoscopic detectors able to separately measure photon absorption and emission spectra. | arxiv:1904.05827 |
we investigate the dynamics of brownian particles in internal state - dependent symmetric and periodic potentials. although no space or time symmetry of the hamiltonian is broken, we show that directed transport can appear. we demonstrate that the directed motion is induced by breaking the symmetry of the transition rates between the potentials when these are spatially shifted. finally, we discuss the possibility of realizing our model in a system of cold particles trapped in optical lattices. | arxiv:cond-mat/0404731 |
transient electric fields across cell bilayer membranes can lead to electroporation, as well as to cell fusion, and have been extensively studied. we find that transmembrane electric fields similar to those in cells can lead to a massive, reversible modulation - - by up to 200 - fold - - of the interfacial energy dissipation between surfaces sliding across the lipid bilayer membranes. atomistic simulations reveal that this arises from ( fully reversible ) electroporation of the interfacially - confined bilayers, and formation of bilayer bridges analogous to stalks preceding intermembrane fusion. these cell - membrane - mimicking effects topologically - force the slip to partially - revert from the low - dissipation, hydrated lipid - headgroups plane to the intra - bilayer, high - dissipation acyl tail interface. our results demonstrate that lipid bilayers under transmembrane electric fields can have striking materials - modification properties, and shed new light on membrane hemifusion. | arxiv:2305.19178 |
we show that for any finite - dimensional quantum systems the conserved quantities can be characterized by their robustness to small perturbations : for fragile symmetries small perturbations can lead to large deviations over long times, while for robust symmetries their expectation values remain close to their initial values for all times. this is in analogy with the celebrated kolmogorov - arnold - moser ( kam ) theorem in classical mechanics. to prove this remarkable result, we introduce a resummation of a perturbation series, which generalizes the hamiltonian of the quantum zeno dynamics. | arxiv:2011.04707 |
we assign to each nondegenerate hamiltonian on a closed symplectic manifold a floer - theoretic quantity called its " boundary depth, " and establish basic results about how the boundary depths of different hamiltonians are related. as applications, we prove that certain hamiltonian symplectomorphisms supported in displaceable subsets have infinitely many nontrivial geometrically distinct periodic points, and we also significantly expand the class of coisotropic submanifolds which are known to have positive displacement energy. for instance, any coisotropic submanifold of contact type ( in the sense of bolle ) in any closed symplectic manifold has positive displacement energy, as does any stable coisotropic submanifold of a stein manifold. we also show that any stable coisotropic submanifold admits a riemannian metric that makes its characteristic foliation totally geodesic, and that this latter, weaker, condition is enough to imply positive displacement energy under certain topological hypotheses. | arxiv:0903.0903 |
a description of how a theory of gravity can be considered as a gauge theory ( in the sense of trautman ) of the poincare ' group is given. as a result, it is shown that a gauge theory of this kind is consistent with the equivalence principle only if the lagrangian and the constraints are preserved not only by the gauge transformations but also by an additional family of transformations, called " pseudo - translations ". explicit expressions of pseudo - translations and of their action on gravitational gauge fields are given. they are expected to be useful for geometric interpretations of their analogues in supergravity theories. | arxiv:0903.1446 |
it is challenging for generative models to learn a distribution over graphs because of the lack of permutation invariance : nodes may be ordered arbitrarily across graphs, and standard graph alignment is combinatorial and notoriously expensive. we propose aligngraph, a group of generative models that combine fast and efficient graph alignment methods with a family of deep generative models that are invariant to node permutations. our experiments demonstrate that our framework successfully learns graph distributions, outperforming competitors by 25 % - 560 % in relevant performance scores. | arxiv:2301.11273 |
let $ c $ be a smooth projective curve of genus $ g \ geq 2 $ over $ \ mathbb c $. fix $ n \ geq 1 $, $ d \ in { \ mathbb z } $. a pair $ ( e, \ phi ) $ over $ c $ consists of an algebraic vector bundle $ e $ of rank $ n $ and degree $ d $ over $ c $ and a section $ \ phi \ in h ^ 0 ( e ) $. there is a concept of stability for pairs which depends on a real parameter $ \ tau $. let $ { \ mathfrak m } _ \ tau ( n, d ) $ be the moduli space of $ \ tau $ - polystable pairs of rank $ n $ and degree $ d $ over $ c $. here we prove that for a generic curve $ c $, the moduli space $ { \ mathfrak m } _ \ tau ( n, d ) $ satisfies the hodge conjecture for $ n \ leq 4 $. for obtaining this, we prove first that $ { \ mathfrak m } _ \ tau ( n, d ) $ is motivated by $ c $. | arxiv:1207.5120 |
in this paper we investigate classical solution of a semi - linear system of backward stochastic integral partial differential equations driven by a brownian motion and a poisson point process. by proving an it \ ^ { o } - wentzell formula for jump diffusions as well as an abstract result of stochastic evolution equations, we obtain the stochastic integral partial differential equation for the inverse of the stochastic flow generated by a stochastic differential equation driven by a brownian motion and a poisson point process. by composing the random field generated by the solution of a backward stochastic differential equation with the inverse of the stochastic flow, we construct the classical solution of the system of backward stochastic integral partial differential equations. as a result, we establish a stochastic feynman - kac formula. | arxiv:1007.3201 |
quantum simulation provides quantum systems under study with analogous controllable quantum systems and has wide applications from condensed - matter physics to high energy physics and to cosmology. the quantum system of a homogeneous and isotropic field in the friedmann - robertson - walker universe can be simulated by a charge in an electrically modulated ion trap. the quantum states of these time - dependent oscillators are constructed by quantum invariants. further, we propose simulation of quantum friedmann - robertson - walker universe with a minimal massive scalar field by a charged scalar field in a homogeneous, time - dependent, magnetic field in quantum electrodynamics and investigate the cauchy problem of how the wave functions evolve. | arxiv:1903.07029 |
a measurement of the time - dependent ratio of the $ d ^ 0 \ rightarrow k ^ + \ pi ^ - $ to $ \ overline { d } ^ 0 \ rightarrow k ^ + \ pi ^ - $ decay rates is reported. the analysis uses a sample of proton - proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb $ ^ { - 1 } $ recorded by the lhcb experiment from 2015 through 2018 at a center - of - mass energy of 13 tev. the $ d ^ 0 $ meson is required to originate from a $ d ^ { * + } \ rightarrow d ^ 0 \ pi ^ + $ decay, such that its flavor at production is inferred from the charge of the accompanying pion. the measurement is performed simultaneously for the $ k ^ + \ pi ^ - $ and $ k ^ - \ pi ^ + $ final states, allowing both mixing and $ cp $ - violation parameters to be determined. the value of the ratio of the decay rates at production is determined to be $ r _ { k \ pi } = ( 343. 1 \ pm 2. 0 ) \ times 10 ^ { - 5 } $. the mixing parameters are measured to be $ c _ { k \ pi } = ( 51. 4 \ pm 3. 5 ) \ times 10 ^ { - 4 } $ and $ c _ { k \ pi } ^ { \ prime } = ( 13 \ pm 4 ) \ times 10 ^ { - 6 } $, where $ \ sqrt { r _ { k \ pi } } c _ { k \ pi } $ is the linear coefficient of the expansion of the ratio as a function of decay time in units of the $ d ^ 0 $ lifetime, and $ c _ { k \ pi } ^ { \ prime } $ is the quadratic coefficient, both averaged between the $ k ^ + \ pi ^ - $ and $ k ^ - \ pi ^ + $ final states. the precision is improved relative to the previous best measurement by approximately 60 %. no evidence for $ cp $ violation is found. | arxiv:2407.18001 |
in quantum information processing, a tension between two different tasks occurs : while qubits ' states can be preserved by isolating them, quantum gates can be realized only through qubit - qubit interactions. in arrays of qubits, weak coupling leads to states being spatially localized and strong coupling to delocalized states. here, we study the average energy level spacing and the relative entropy of the distribution of the level spacings ( kullback - leibler divergence from poisson and gaussian orthogonal ensemble ) to analyze the crossover between localized and delocalized ( chaotic ) regimes in linear arrays of superconducting qubits. we consider both transmons as well as capacitively shunted flux qubits, which enables us to tune the qubit anharmonicity. arrays with uniform anharmonicity, comprising only transmons or flux qubits, display remarkably similar dependencies of level statistics on the coupling strength. in systems with alternating anharmonicity, the localized regime is found to be more resilient to the increase in qubit - qubit coupling strength in comparison to arrays with a single qubit type. this result supports designing devices that incorporate different qubit types to achieve higher performances. | arxiv:2410.18543 |
we developed a general framework for simulating multicomponent and multiphase systems using the lattice boltzmann framework. despite the fact that there is no restriction on the number of components in principle, in this article we focus an application to two - component mixtures, but we also demonstrate that the algorighm works for larger numbers of components. to validate our algorithm we separately minimized this underlying free energy to generate theoretical phase diagrams for mixtures of fluids with a van der waals - like free energy. all the theoretical phase diagrams are well recovered by our lattice boltzmann method. | arxiv:1805.07251 |
doped divalent hexaborides such as $ sr _ { 1 - x } la _ xb _ 6 $ exhibit high \ tc ferromagnetism. we isolate a degenerate pair of $ 2p $ - orbitals of boron with two valence electrons, invoke electron correlation and hund coupling, to suggest that the undoped state is better viewed as a spin - 1 mott insulator ; it is predicted to be a type of 3d haldane gap phase with a spin gap $ \ sim 0. 1 ev $, much smaller than the charge gap of $ > 1. 0 ev $ seen in arpes. the experimentally seen high \ tc ` ferromagnetism ' is argued to be a complex magnetic order in disguise - either a canted 6 - sublattice afm ( $ \ approx 120 ^ 0 $ ) order or its quantum melted version, a chiral spin liquid state, arising from a type of double exchange mechanism. | arxiv:cond-mat/0108384 |
detecting majorana fermions in experimental realizations of the kitaev honeycomb model is often complicated by non - trivial interactions inherent to potential spin liquid candidates. in this work, we identify several distinct thermodynamic signatures of massive, itinerant majorana fermions within the well - established analytical paradigm of landau - fermi liquid theory. we find a qualitative and quantitative agreement between the salient features of our landau - majorana liquid theory and the kitaev spin liquid candidate ag $ _ 3 $ liir $ _ 2 $ o $ _ 6 $. our study presents strong evidence for a fermi liquid - like ground state in the fundamental excitations of a honeycomb iridate, and opens new experimental avenues to detect itinerant majorana fermions in condensed matter systems. | arxiv:2108.03246 |
for a smooth manifold of any dimension greater than one, we present an open set of smooth endomorphisms such that any of them has a transitive attractor with a non - empty interior. these maps are $ m $ - fold non - branched coverings, $ m \ ge 3 $. the construction applies to any manifold of the form $ s ^ 1 \ times m $, where $ s ^ 1 $ is the standard circle and $ m $ is an arbitrary manifold. | arxiv:1108.5330 |
we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a divisor in a tube domain to be the divisor of a holomorphic function with almost - - periodic modulus. | arxiv:math/0701811 |
in this paper, we discuss the possible generalizations of the social influence with recurrent mobility ( sirm ) model developed in phys. rev. lett. 112, 158701 ( 2014 ). although the sirm model worked approximately satisfying when us election was modelled, it has its limits : it has been developed only for two - party systems and can lead to unphysical behaviour when one of the parties has extreme vote share close to 0 or 1. we propose here generalizations to the sirm model by its extension for multi - party systems that are mathematically well - posed in case of extreme vote shares, too, by handling the noise term in a different way. in addition, we show that our method opens new applications for the study of elections by using a new calibration procedure, and makes possible to analyse the influence of the " free will " ( creating a new party ) and other local effects for different commuting network topologies. | arxiv:1801.08819 |
grammatical inference is concerned with the study of algorithms for learning automata and grammars from words. we focus on learning nondeterministic finite automaton of size k from samples of words. to this end, we formulate the problem as a sat model. the generated sat instances being enormous, we propose some model improvements, both in terms of the number of variables, the number of clauses, and clauses size. these improvements significantly reduce the instances, but at the cost of longer generation time. we thus try to balance instance size vs. generation and solving time. we also achieved some experimental comparisons and we analyzed our various model improvements. | arxiv:2107.06672 |
an essential discontinuity, oscillation measures the failure of a limit to exist. this definition is useful in descriptive set theory to study the set of discontinuities and continuous points – the continuous points are the intersection of the sets where the oscillation is less than ε ( hence a gδ set ) – and gives a very quick proof of one direction of the lebesgue integrability condition. the oscillation is equivalent to the ε - δ definition by a simple re - arrangement, and by using a limit ( lim sup, lim inf ) to define oscillation : if ( at a given point ) for a given ε0 there is no δ that satisfies the ε - δ definition, then the oscillation is at least ε0, and conversely if for every ε there is a desired δ, the oscillation is 0. the oscillation definition can be naturally generalized to maps from a topological space to a metric space. = = generalizations = = more generally, if f : x → y is a function from a topological space x into a metric space y, then the oscillation of f is defined at each x ∈ x by ω ( x ) = inf { d i a m ( f ( u ) ) u i s a n e i g h b o r h o o d o f x } { \ displaystyle \ omega ( x ) = \ inf \ left \ { \ mathrm { diam } ( f ( u ) ) \ mid u \ mathrm { \ is \ a \ neighborhood \ of \ } x \ right \ } } = = see also = = wave equation wave envelope grandi ' s series bounded mean oscillation = = references = = = = further reading = = | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation_(mathematics) |
we apply our previously developed approach to marginal quartic interactions in multiscalar qfts, which shows that one - loop rg flows can be described in terms of a commutative algebra, to various models in 4d. we show how the algebra can be used to identify optimal scalings of the couplings for taking large $ n $ limits. the algebra identifies these limits without diagrammatic or combinatorial analysis. for several models this approach leads to new limits yet to be explored at higher loop orders. we consider the bifundamental and trifundamental models, as well as a matrix - vector model with an adjoint representation. among the suggested new limit theories are some which appear to be less complex than general planar limits but more complex than ordinary vector models or melonic models. | arxiv:2408.13004 |
in this paper, we study three numerical schemes for the mckean - vlasov equation \ [ \ begin { cases } \ ; dx _ t = b ( t, x _ t, \ mu _ t ) \, dt + \ sigma ( t, x _ t, \ mu _ t ) \, db _ t, \ : \ \ \ ; \ forall \, t \ in [ 0, t ], \ ; \ mu _ t \ text { is the probability distribution of } x _ t, \ end { cases } \ ] where $ x _ 0 $ is a known random variable. under the assumption on the lipschitz continuity of the coefficients $ b $ and $ \ sigma $, our first result proves the convergence rate of the particle method with respect to the wasserstein distance, which extends a previous work [ bt97 ] established in one - dimensional setting. in the second part, we present and analyse two quantization - based schemes, including the recursive quantization scheme ( deterministic scheme ) in the vlasov setting, and the hybrid particle - quantization scheme ( random scheme, inspired by the $ k $ - means clustering ). two examples are simulated at the end of this paper : burger ' s equation and the network of fitzhugh - nagumo neurons in dimension 3. | arxiv:2212.14853 |
seismic processing often requires suppressing multiples that appear when collecting data. to tackle these artifacts, practitioners usually rely on radon transform - based algorithms as post - migration gather conditioning. however, such traditional approaches are both time - consuming and parameter - dependent, making them fairly complex. in this work, we present a deep learning - based alternative that provides competitive results, while reducing its usage ' s complexity, and hence democratizing its applicability. we observe an excellent performance of our network when inferring complex field data, despite the fact of being solely trained on synthetics. furthermore, extensive experiments show that our proposal can preserve the inherent characteristics of the data, avoiding undesired over - smoothed results, while removing the multiples. finally, we conduct an in - depth analysis of the model, where we pinpoint the effects of the main hyperparameters with physical events. to the best of our knowledge, this study pioneers the unboxing of neural networks for the demultiple process, helping the user to gain insights into the inside running of the network. | arxiv:2206.12112 |
in this paper, we study a novel and widely existing problem in graph matching ( gm ), namely, bi - level noisy correspondence ( bnc ), which refers to node - level noisy correspondence ( nnc ) and edge - level noisy correspondence ( enc ). in brief, on the one hand, due to the poor recognizability and viewpoint differences between images, it is inevitable to inaccurately annotate some keypoints with offset and confusion, leading to the mismatch between two associated nodes, i. e., nnc. on the other hand, the noisy node - to - node correspondence will further contaminate the edge - to - edge correspondence, thus leading to enc. for the bnc challenge, we propose a novel method termed contrastive matching with momentum distillation. specifically, the proposed method is with a robust quadratic contrastive loss which enjoys the following merits : i ) better exploring the node - to - node and edge - to - edge correlations through a gm customized quadratic contrastive learning paradigm ; ii ) adaptively penalizing the noisy assignments based on the confidence estimated by the momentum teacher. extensive experiments on three real - world datasets show the robustness of our model compared with 12 competitive baselines. the code is available at https : / / github. com / xlearning - scu / 2023 - iccv - common. | arxiv:2212.04085 |
the fusion rules in $ \ mathrm { rep } _ f d ( g ) $ for a finite group $ g $ can be computed in terms of character inner products. using an explicit formula for these fusion rules, we show that $ \ mathrm { rep } _ f d ( g ) $ is multiplicity free for two infinite families of finite groups : the dihedral groups and the dicyclic groups. in fact, we will compute all fusion rules in these categories. multiplicity freeness is a desired property for modular tensor categories, since it greatly simplifies the computation of $ f $ - matrices. furthermore, we observe that the fusion rules for dihedral groups $ d _ { 2n } $ with $ n $ odd are extremely similar to the fusion rules of type $ b $ level $ 2 $ fusion algebras of wess - zumino - witten conformal field theories. moreover, we give a proof of the fusion rule formula by using mackey theory. | arxiv:2306.05560 |
we have performed calculations of attosecond laser - atom interactions for laser intensities where interesting two and three photon effects become relevant. in particular, we examine the case of " hole burning " in the initial orbital. hole burning is present when the laser pulse duration is shorter than the classical radial period because the electron preferentially absorbs the photon near the nucleus. we also examine how 3 photon raman process can lead to a time delay in the outgoing electron for the energy near one photon absorption. for excitation out of the hydrogen $ 2s $ state, an intensity of $ 2. 2 \ times 10 ^ { 16 } $ w / cm $ ^ 2 $ leads to a 6 attosecond delay of the outgoing electron. we argue that this delay is due to the hole burning in the initial state. | arxiv:1401.5643 |
calcium oxide ( cao ) is a promising host for quantum defects because of its ultrawide band gap and potential for long spin coherence times. using hybrid functional calculations, we investigate the intrinsic point defects and how they limit fermi - level positions and doping in cao. our results reveal calcium and oxygen vacancies to be the most common intrinsic defects, acting as compensating acceptors and donors, respectively. oxygen interstitials are also prevailing under o - rich conditions and act as compensating donors. due to compensation by these defects, o - poor conditions are required to dope cao n - type, while o - rich conditions are required for p - type doping. we find that, at room temperature, intrinsic cao can only achieve fermi - level positions between 1. 76 ev above the valence - band maximum ( vbm ) and 1. 73 ev below the conduction - band minimum ( cbm ). if suitable shallow dopants can be found, the allowed range of fermi levels would increase to between vbm + 0. 53 ev and cbm - 0. 27 ev and is set by the compensating intrinsic defects. additionally, we study hydrogen impurities, and show that hydrogen will limit p - type doping but can also act as shallow donor when substituting oxygen ( $ \ mathrm { h } _ \ mathrm { o } $ defects ). | arxiv:2404.00894 |
data assimilation, defined as the fusion of data with preexisting knowledge, is particularly suited to elucidating underlying phenomena from noisy / insufficient observations. although this approach has been widely used in diverse fields, only recently have efforts been directed to problems in neuroscience, using mainly intracranial data and thus limiting its applicability to invasive measurements involving electrode implants. here we intend to apply data assimilation to non - invasive electroencephalography ( eeg ) measurements to infer brain states and their characteristics. for this purpose, we use kalman filtering to combine synthetic eeg data with a coupled neural - mass model together with ary ' s model of the head, which projects intracranial signals onto the scalp. our results show that using several extracranial electrodes allows to successfully estimate the state and parameters of the neural masses and their interactions, whereas one single electrode provides only a very partial and insufficient view of the system. the superiority of using multiple extracranial electrodes over using only one, be it intra - or extracranial, is shown over a wide variety of dynamical behaviours. our results show potential towards future clinical applications of the method. | arxiv:1708.05282 |
pairs of planck - mass - scale drops of superfluid helium coated by electrons ( i. e., " millikan oil drops " ), when levitated in the presence of strong magnetic fields and at low temperatures, can be efficient quantum transducers between electromagnetic ( em ) and gravitational ( gr ) radiation. a hertz - like experiment, in which em waves are converted at the source into gr waves, and then back - converted at the receiver from gr waves back into em waves, should be practical to perform. this would open up observations of the gravity - wave analog of the cosmic microwave background from the extremely early big bang, and also communications directly through the interior of the earth. | arxiv:gr-qc/0702100 |
we give a short, elementary and explicit proof of the existence of hilbert schemes of points on affine schemes. as a direct consequence we obtain the existence of the hilbert scheme of points on any projective scheme, not necessarily of finite type, over any base scheme. | arxiv:math/0506161 |
we prove that the inclusion from oriented graph complex into graph complex with at least one source is a quasi - isomorphism, showing that homology of the " sourced " graph complex is also equal to the homology of standard kontsevich ' s graph complex. this result may have applications in theory of multi - vector fields $ t _ { \ rm poly } ^ { \ geq 1 } $ of degree at least one, and to the hairy graph complex which computes the rational homotopy of the space of long knots. the result is generalized to multi - directed graph complexes, showing that all such graph complexes are quasi - isomorphic. these complexes play a key role in the deformation theory of multi - oriented props recently invented by sergei merkulov. we also develop a theory of graph complexes with arbitrary edge types. | arxiv:1712.01203 |
the canonical quantization on a single light front is performed for the abelian gauge fields with the weyl gauge coupled with fermion field currents. the analysis is carried separately for 1 + 1 dimensions and for higher dimensions. the gauss law, implemented weakly as the condition on states, selects physical subspace with the poincare covariance recovered. the perturbative gauge field propagators are found with the ml prescription for their spurious poles. the lf feynman rules are found and their equivalence with the usual equal - time perturbation for the s - matrix elements is studied for all orders. | arxiv:hep-th/9812217 |
we present a large - scale, volume - limited companion survey of 245 late - k to mid - m ( k7 - m6 ) dwarfs within 15 pc. infrared adaptive optics ( ao ) data were analysed from the very large telescope, subaru telescope, canada - france - hawaii telescope, and mmt observatory to detect close companions to the sample from $ \ sim $ 1 au to 100 au, while digitised wide - field archival plates were searched for wide companions from $ \ sim $ 100 au to 10, 000 au. with sensitivity to the bottom of the main sequence over a separation range of 3 au to 10, 000 au, multiple ao and wide - field epochs allow us to confirm candidates with common proper motions, minimize background contamination, and enable a measurement of comprehensive binary statistics. we detected 65 co - moving stellar companions and find a companion star fraction of $ 23. 5 \ pm 3. 2 $ per cent over the 3 au to 10, 000 au separation range. the companion separation distribution is observed to rise to a higher frequency at smaller separations, peaking at closer separations than measured for more massive primaries. the mass ratio distribution across the $ q = 0. 2 - 1. 0 $ range is flat, similar to that of multiple systems with solar - type primaries. the characterisation of binary and multiple star frequency for low - mass field stars can provide crucial comparisons with star forming environments and hold implications for the frequency and evolutionary histories of their associated disks and planets. | arxiv:1503.00724 |
the diagnosis of prostate cancer faces a problem with overdiagnosis that leads to damaging side effects due to unnecessary treatment. research has shown that the use of multi - parametric magnetic resonance images to conduct biopsies can drastically help to mitigate the overdiagnosis, thus reducing the side effects on healthy patients. this study aims to investigate the use of deep learning techniques to explore computer - aid diagnosis based on mri as input. several diagnosis problems ranging from classification of lesions as being clinically significant or not to the detection and segmentation of lesions are addressed with deep learning based approaches. this thesis tackled two main problems regarding the diagnosis of prostate cancer. firstly, xmasnet was used to conduct two large experiments on the classification of lesions. secondly, detection and segmentation experiments were conducted, first on the prostate and afterward on the prostate cancer lesions. the former experiments explored the lesions through a two - dimensional space, while the latter explored models to work with three - dimensional inputs. for this task, the 3d models explored were the 3d u - net and a pretrained 3d resnet - 18. a rigorous analysis of all these problems was conducted with a total of two networks, two cropping techniques, two resampling techniques, two crop sizes, five input sizes and data augmentations experimented for lesion classification. while for segmentation two models, two input sizes and data augmentations were experimented. however, while the binary classification of the clinical significance of lesions and the detection and segmentation of the prostate already achieve the desired results ( 0. 870 auc and 0. 915 dice score respectively ), the classification of the pirads score and the segmentation of lesions still have a large margin to improve ( 0. 664 accuracy and 0. 690 dice score respectively ). | arxiv:2106.01835 |
in this paper, we obtain necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the initial data for the local - in - time solvability of the cauchy problem \ [ \ partial _ t u + ( - \ delta ) ^ \ frac { \ theta } { 2 } u = | x | ^ { - \ gamma } u ^ p, \ quad x \ in { \ bf r } ^ n, t > 0, \ qquad u ( 0 ) = \ mu \ quad \ mbox { in } \ quad { \ bf r } ^ n, \ ] where $ n \ ge 1 $, $ 0 < \ theta \ le2 $, $ p > 1 $, $ \ gamma > 0 $ and $ \ mu $ is a nonnegative radon measure on $ { \ bf r } ^ n $. using these conditions, we attempt to identify the optimal strength of the singularity of $ \ mu $ for the existence of solutions to this problem. | arxiv:2102.04079 |
realization of semimetals with non - trivial topologies such as dirac and weyl semimetals, have provided a boost in the study of these quantum materials. presence of electron correlation makes the system even more exotic due to enhanced scattering of charge carriers, kondo screening etc. here, we studied the electronic properties of single crystalline, smbi employing varied state of the art bulk measurements. magnetization data reveals two magnetic transitions ; an antiferromagnetic order with a neel temperature of ~ 9 k and a second magnetic transition at a lower temperature ( = 7 k ). the electrical resistivity data shows an upturn typical of a kondo system and the estimated kondo temperature is found to be close to the neel temperature. high quality of the crystal enabled us to discover signature of quantum oscillation in the magnetization data even at low magnetic field. using a landau level fan diagram analysis, a non - trivial berry phase is identified for a fermi pocket revealing the topological character in this material. these results demonstrate an unique example of the fermiology in the antiferromagnetic state and opens up a new paradigm to explore the dirac fermion physics in correlated topological metal via interplay of kondo interaction, topological order and magnetism. | arxiv:2012.05459 |
the $ m $ - tamari lattices $ \ mathcal { t } _ { n } ^ { ( m ) } $ were recently introduced by bergeron and pr \ ' eville - ratelle as posets on $ m $ - dyck paths, and it was shown by bousquet - m \ ' elou, fusy and pr \ ' eville - ratelle that these lattices form intervals in the classical tamari lattice $ \ mathcal { t } _ { nm } $. it follows from a theorem by bj \ " orner and wachs and a basic property of el - shellable posets, that the $ m $ - tamari lattices are el - shellable. in this article, we define a new el - labeling of the $ m $ - tamari lattices completely in terms of $ m $ - dyck paths. with the help of this labeling, we compute the values of the m \ " obius function of $ \ mathcal { t } _ { n } ^ { ( m ) } $, and we characterize the intervals of $ \ mathcal { t } _ { n } ^ { ( m ) } $ according to their topological properties. | arxiv:1201.2020 |
the gauge invariant observables of the closed bosonic string are quantized without anomalies in four space - time dimensions by constructing their quantum algebra in a manifestly covariant approach. the quantum algebra is the kernel of a derivation on the universal envelopping algebra of an infinite - dimensional lie algebra. the search for hilbert space representations of this algebra is separated from its construction, and postponed. | arxiv:math-ph/0202041 |
cyan engineering was an american computer engineering company located in grass valley, california. it was founded by steve mayer and larry emmons. the company was purchased in 1973 by atari, inc. and developed the atari video computer system console, which was released in 1977 and renamed the atari 2600 in november 1982. it also carried out some robotics research and development work on behalf of atari, including the kermit mobile robot, originally intended as a stand - alone product intended to bring a beer. the company also programmed the original " portrait style " animatronics for chuck e. cheese ' s pizza time theatre pizza chain in 1977. = = further reading = = goldberg, marty ; vendel, curt ( november 26, 2012 ). atari inc. : business is fun. syzygy press. isbn 978 - 0985597405. = = references = = | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyan_Engineering |
we derive analytical shape derivative formulas of the system matrix representing electric field integral equation discretized with raviart - thomas basis functions. the arising integrals are easy to compute with similar methods as the entries of the original system matrix. the results are compared to derivatives computed with automatic differentiation technique and finite differences, and are found to be in excellent agreement. | arxiv:1206.2161 |
achieving constant accuracy in object detection is challenging due to the inherent variability of object sizes. one effective approach to this problem involves optimizing input resolution, referred to as a multi - resolution strategy. previous approaches to resolution optimization have often been based on pre - defined resolutions with manual selection. however, there is a lack of study on run - time resolution optimization for existing architectures. this paper introduces dyra, a dynamic resolution adjustment network providing an image - specific scale factor for existing detectors. this network is co - trained with detectors utilizing specially designed loss functions, namely paretoscaleloss and balanceloss. paretoscaleloss determines an adaptive scale factor for robustness, while balanceloss optimizes overall scale factors according to the localization performance of the detector. the loss function is devised to minimize the accuracy drop across contrasting objectives of different - sized objects for scaling. our proposed network can improve accuracy across various models, including retinanet, faster - rcnn, fcos, dino, and h - deformable - detr. the code is available at https : / / github. com / daeunfullgrace / dyra. git. | arxiv:2311.17098 |
sample efficiency has been one of the major challenges for deep reinforcement learning. recently, model - based reinforcement learning has been proposed to address this challenge by performing planning on imaginary trajectories with a learned world model. however, world model learning may suffer from overfitting to training trajectories, and thus model - based value estimation and policy search will be pone to be sucked in an inferior local policy. in this paper, we propose a novel model - based reinforcement learning algorithm, called bridging reality and dream ( bird ). it maximizes the mutual information between imaginary and real trajectories so that the policy improvement learned from imaginary trajectories can be easily generalized to real trajectories. we demonstrate that our approach improves sample efficiency of model - based planning, and achieves state - of - the - art performance on challenging visual control benchmarks. | arxiv:2010.12142 |
we interpret the lack of large - angle temperature correlations and the apparent even - odd parity imbalance, observed in the cosmic microwave background by cobe, wmap and planck satellite missions, as a possible stringy signal ultimately stemming from a composite inflaton field ( e. g. a fermionic condensate ). based on causality arguments and a fourier analysis of the angular two - point correlation function, two infrared cutoffs $ k _ { \ rm min } ^ { \ rm even, odd } $ are introduced in the cmb power spectrum associated, respectively, with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions of the fermionic constituents ( echoing the neveu - schwarz - ramond model in superstring theory ), without resorting to any particular model. | arxiv:2205.13257 |
in circuit quantum electrodynamics ( qed ), qubits are typically measured using dispersively - coupled readout resonators. coupling between each readout resonator and its electrical environment however reduces the qubit lifetime via the purcell effect. inserting a purcell filter counters this effect while maintaining high readout fidelity, but reduces measurement bandwidth and thus limits multiplexing readout capacity. in this letter, we develop and implement a multi - stage bandpass purcell filter that yields better qubit protection while simultaneously increasing measurement bandwidth and multiplexed capacity. we report on the experimental performance of our transmission - line - - based implementation of this approach, a flexible design that can easily be integrated with current scaled - up, long coherence time superconducting quantum processors. | arxiv:2306.06258 |
electronic level alignment at the interface between an adsorbed molecular layer and a semiconducting substrate determines the activity and efficiency of many photocatalytic materials. standard density functional theory ( dft ) based methods have proven unable to provide a quantitative description of this level alignment. this requires a proper treatment of the anisotropic screening, necessitating the use of quasiparticle ( qp ) techniques. however, the computational complexity of qp algorithms has meant a quantitative description of interfacial levels has remained elusive. we provide a systematic study of a prototypical interface, bare and methanol covered rutile tio $ _ 2 $ ( 110 ) surfaces, to determine the type of many - body theory required to obtain an accurate description of the level alignment. this is accomplished via a direct comparison with metastable impact electron spectroscopy ( mies ), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ( ups ) and two - photon photoemission ( 2pp ) spectra. we consider gga dft, hybrid dft and $ g _ 0w _ 0 $, $ \ mathrm { scqp } gw1 $, $ \ mathrm { scqp } gw _ 0 $, and $ \ mathrm { scqp } gw $ qp calculations. our results demonstrate that $ g _ 0w _ 0 $, or our recently introduced $ \ mathrm { scqp } gw1 $ approach, are required to obtain the correct alignment of both highest occupied and lowest unoccupied interfacial molecular levels ( homo / lumo ). these calculations set a new standard in the interpretation of electronic structure probe experiments of complex organic molecule - semiconductor interfaces. | arxiv:1404.5166 |
we present new three - dimensional ( 3d ) interstellar extinction maps in the $ v $ and gaia $ g $ filters within 2 kpc of the sun, a 3d differential extinction ( dust spatial distribution density ) map along the lines of sight in the same space, a 3d map of variations in the ratio of the extinctions in the $ v $ and gaia $ g $ filters within 800 pc of the sun, and a 2d map of total galactic extinction through the entire dust half - layer from the sun to extragalactic space for galactic latitudes $ | b | > 13 ^ { \ circ } $. the 3d maps have a transverse resolution from 3. 6 to 11. 6 pc and a radial resolution of 50 pc. the 2d map has an angular resolution of 6. 1 arcmin. we have produced these maps based on the gaia dr3 parallaxes and gaia, pan - starrs1, skymapper, 2mass, and wise photometry for nearly 100 million stars. we have paid special attention to the space within 200 pc of the sun and high galactic latitudes as regions where the extinction estimates have had a large relative uncertainty so far. our maps estimate the extinction within the galactic dust layer from the sun to an extended object or through the entire dust half - layer from the sun to extragalactic space with a precision $ \ sigma ( a _ \ mathrm { v } ) = 0. 06 $ mag. this gives a high relative precision of extinction estimates even at high galactic latitudes, where, according to our estimates, the median total galactic extinction through the entire dust half - layer from the sun to extragalactic objects is $ a _ \ mathrm { v } = 0. 12 \ pm0. 06 $ mag. we have shown that the presented maps are among the best ones in data amount, space size, resolution, precision, and other properties. | arxiv:2402.06474 |
we employ the conditional version of sandwiched tsallis relative entropy to determine 1 : n - 1 separability range in the noisy one - parameter families of pseudopure and werner - like n - qubit w, ghz states. the range of the noisy parameter, for which the conditional sandwiched tsallis relative entropy is positive, reveals perfect agreement with the necessary and sufficient criteria for the separability in the 1 : n - 1 partition of these one parameter noisy states. | arxiv:1609.07611 |
in a recent letter [ 1 ], zaitsev et al. report observations of evaporating water micro - droplets over a heated solid substrate and suggest a model for the mechanisms of both droplet levitation and inter - droplet interaction. according to their model, the reflection of the stefan flow ( due to droplet evaporation ) off the substrate is the mechanism of levitation, while the same stefan flow also results in droplet repulsion preventing them from merging. they further apply their model to explain the levitation of droplets over a liquid surface and suggest the h / r ~ r ^ - 3 / 2 dependency for the droplet radius r vs. the height of its center above the surface, h. while there is no doubt that the experimentally observed phenomenon is of interest, here we show that the observations should be interpreted differently. | arxiv:1711.02709 |
the results of speckle interferometric observations at the 4. 1 m southern astrophysical research telescope ( soar ) in 2020, as well as earlier unpublished data, are given, totaling 1735 measurements of 1288 resolved pairs and non - resolutions of 1177 targets. we resolved for the first time 59 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries, mostly among nearby dwarf stars. this work continues our long - term speckle program. its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high - order hierarchies and hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. we also report observations of 892 members of young moving groups and associations, where we resolved 103 new pairs. | arxiv:2105.07040 |
the regret bound of an optimization algorithms is one of the basic criteria for evaluating the performance of the given algorithm. by inspecting the differences between the regret bounds of traditional algorithms and adaptive one, we provide a guide for choosing an optimizer with respect to the given data set and the loss function. for analysis, we assume that the loss function is convex and its gradient is lipschitz continuous. | arxiv:1707.01647 |
epidemic modeling has been extensively used in the last years in the field of telecommunications and computer networks. we consider the popular susceptible - infected - susceptible spreading model as the metric for information spreading. in this work, we analyze information spreading on a particular class of networks denoted almost torus networks and over the lattice which can be considered as the limit when the torus length goes to infinity. almost torus networks consist on the torus network topology where some nodes or edges have been removed. we find explicit expressions for the characteristic polynomial of these graphs and tight lower bounds for its computation. these expressions allow us to estimate their spectral radius and thus how the information spreads on these networks. | arxiv:1312.7742 |
we define a complete set of supertraces on the algebra $ sh _ n ( \ nu ) $, the algebra of observables of the $ n $ - body rational calogero model with harmonic interaction. this result extends the previously known results for the simplest cases of $ n = 1 $ and $ n = 2 $ to arbitrary $ n $. it is shown that $ sh _ n ( \ nu ) $ admits $ q ( n ) $ independent supertraces where $ q ( n ) $ is a number of partitions of $ n $ into a sum of odd positive integers, so that $ q ( n ) > 1 $ for $ n \ ge 3 $. some consequences of the existence of several independent supertraces of $ sh _ n ( \ nu ) $ are discussed such as the existence of ideals in associated $ w _ { \ infty } $ - type lie superalgebras. | arxiv:hep-th/9512038 |
we construct new protocols for the tasks of converting noisy multipartite quantum correlations into noiseless classical and quantum ones using local operations and classical communications ( locc ). for the former, known as common randomness ( cr ) distillation, two new lower bounds on the " distillable common randomness ", an operational measure of the total genuine ( classical ) correlations in a quantum state, are obtained. our proof relies on a generalization of communication for omniscience ( co ) [ csiszar and narayan, ieee trans. inf. theory 50 : 3047 - 3061, 2004 ]. our contribution here is a novel simultaneous decoder for the compression of correlated classical sources by random binning with quantum side information at the decoder. for the latter, we derive two new lower bounds on the rate at which greenberger - horne - zeilinger ( ghz ) states can be asymptotically distilled from any given pure state under locc. our approach consists in " making coherent " the proposed cr distillation protocols and recycling of resources [ devetak et al. ieee trans. inf. theory 54 ( 10 ) : 4587 - 4618, 2008 ]. the first lower bound is identical to a recent result by vrana and christandl [ ieee trans. inf. theory 65 ( 9 ) : 5945 - 5958, 2019 ], which is based on a combinatorial method to achieve the same rate. our second lower bound generalises and improves upon this result, and unifies a number of other known lower bounds on ghz distillation. | arxiv:2008.04964 |
stochastic simulations need multiple replications in order to build confidence intervals for their results. even if we do not need a large amount of replications, it is a good practice to speed - up the whole simulation time using the multiple replications in parallel ( mrip ) approach. this approach usually supposes to have access to a parallel computer such as a symmetric mul - tiprocessing machine ( with many cores ), a computing cluster or a computing grid. in this paper, we propose warp - level parallelism ( wlp ), a gp - gpu - enabled solution to compute mrip on gp - gpus ( general - purpose graphics processing units ). these devices display a great amount of parallel computational power at low cost, but are tuned to process efficiently the same operation on several data, through different threads. indeed, this paradigm is called single instruction, multiple threads ( simt ). our approach proposes to rely on small threads groups, called warps, to perform independent computations such as replications. we have benchmarked wlp with three different models : it allows mrip to be computed up to six times faster than with the simt computing paradigm. | arxiv:1501.01405 |
double strangeness $ \ xi ^ { - } $ production in au + au collisions at 2, 4, and 6 gev / nucleon incident beam energies is studied with the pure hadron cascade version of a multi - phase transport model. it is found that due to larger nuclear compression, the model with the soft equation of state ( eos ) gives larger yields of both single strangeness ( $ k ^ { + } $ and $ \ lambda + \ sigma ^ { 0 } $ ) and double strangeness $ \ xi ^ { - } $. the sensitivity of the double strangeness $ \ xi ^ { - } $ to the eos is evidently larger than that of $ k ^ { + } $ or $ \ lambda + \ sigma ^ { 0 } $ since the phase - space distribution of produced $ \ xi ^ { - } $ is more compact compared to those of the single strangeness. the larger sensitivity of the yields ratio of $ \ xi ^ { - } $ to the eos from heavy and light systems is kept compared to that of the single strangeness. the study of $ \ xi ^ { - } $ production in relativistic heavy - ion collisions provides an alternative for the ongoing heavy - ion collision program at facilities worldwide for identifying the eos at high densities, which is relevant to the investigation of the phase boundary and onset of deconfinement of dense nuclear matter. | arxiv:2105.10284 |
we deepen the study of dirichlet eigenvalues in bounded domains where a thin tube is attached to the boundary. as its section shrinks to a point, the problem is spectrally stable and we quantitatively investigate the rate of convergence of the perturbed eigenvalues. we detect the proper quantity which sharply measures the perturbation ' s magnitude. it is a sort of torsional rigidity of the tube ' s section relative to the domain. this allows us to sharply describe the asymptotic behavior of the perturbed spectrum, even when eigenvalues converge to a multiple one. the final asymptotics of eigenbranches depend on the local behavior near the junction of eigenfunctions chosen in a special way. the present techniques also apply when the perturbation of the dirichlet eigenvalue problem consists in prescribing homogeneous neumann boundary conditions on a small portion of the boundary of the domain. | arxiv:2301.11729 |
we present spectroscopic measurements and detailed theoretical analysis of inner - shell lmn and lnn ( n $ \ geq $ 4 ) dielectronic resonances in highly - charged m - shell ions of tungsten. the x - ray emission from w $ ^ { 49 + } $ through w $ ^ { 64 + } $ was recorded at the electron beam ion trap ( ebit ) facility at the national institute of standards and technology ( nist ) with a high - purity ge detector for electron beam energies between 6. 8 kev and 10. 8 kev. the measured spectra clearly show the presence of strong resonance features as well as direct excitation spectral lines. the analysis of the recorded spectra with large - scale collisional - radiative ( cr ) modeling of the ebit plasma allowed us to unambiguously identify numerous dielectronic resonances associated with excitations of the inner - shell 2s $ _ { 1 / 2 } $, 2p $ _ { 1 / 2 } $, and 2p $ _ { 3 / 2 } $ electrons. | arxiv:2003.02310 |
since antiquity, the packing of convex shapes has been of great interest to many scientists and mathematicians. recently, particular interest has been given to packings of three - dimensional tetrahedra. dense packings of both crystalline and semi - quasicrystalline have been reported. it is interesting that a semiquasicrystalline packing of tetrahedra can emerge naturally within a thermodynamic simulation approach. however, this packing is not perfectly quasicrystalline and the packing density, while dense, is not maximal. here we suggest that a " golden rotation " between tetrahedral facial junctions can arrange tetrahedra into a perfect quasicrystalline packing. | arxiv:1901.07346 |
thesis submitted for the degree of phd, queens university belfast, uk | arxiv:1102.0638 |
we show unexpected connection of set theoretical forcing with quantum mechanical lattice of projections over some separable hilbert space. the basic ingredient of the construction is the rule of indistinguishability of standard and some nonstandard models of peano arithmetic. the ingeneric reals introduced by m. ozawa will correspond to simultaneous measurement of incompatible observables. we also discuss some results concerning model theoretical analysis of small exotic smooth structures on topological 4 - space. forcing appears rather naturally in this context and the rule of indistinguishability is crucial again. as an unexpected application we are able to approach maldacena conjecture on $ ads / cft $ correspondence in the case of ads _ 5xs ^ 5 and super ym conformal field theory in 4 dimensions. we conjecture that there is possibility of breaking supersymetry via sources of gravity generated in 4 dimensions by exotic smooth structures on r ^ 4 emerging in this context. | arxiv:quant-ph/0303089 |
among finite solutions of sine - gordon equation with in phase n = 1, we find modular and landen transformation between \ theta representation and directly integrated solutions of breather and kink. because of these transformations, we can say we unified the finite solutions of sine - gordon equation with phase n = 1. | arxiv:1208.2798 |
ultra - hot jupiters ( uhjs ) present excellent targets for atmospheric characterisation. their hot dayside temperatures ( t $ \ gtrsim $ 2200 k ) strongly suppress the formation of condensates, leading to clear and highly - inflated atmospheres extremely conducive to transmission spectroscopy. recent studies using optical high - resolution spectra have discovered a plethora of neutral and ionised atomic species in uhjs, placing constraints on their atmospheric structure and composition. our recent work has presented a search for molecular features and detection of fe i in the uhj wasp - 121b using vlt / uves transmission spectroscopy. here, we present a systematic search for atomic species in its atmosphere using cross - correlation methods. in a single transit, we uncover potential signals of 17 atomic species which we investigate further, categorising 5 as strong detections, 3 as tentative detections, and 9 as weak signals worthy of further exploration. we confirm previous detections of cr i, v i, ca i, k i and exospheric h i and ca ii made with harps and espresso, and independently re - recover our previous detection of fe i at 8. 8 $ \ sigma $ using both the blue and red arms of the uves data. we also add a novel detection of sc ii at 4. 2 $ \ sigma $. our results further demonstrate the richness of uhjs for optical high - resolution spectroscopy. | arxiv:2106.15394 |
the valley splitting in si two - dimensional electron systems is studied using si / sige single quantum wells ( qws ) with different well widths. the energy gaps for 4 and 5. 3 nm qws, obtained from the temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistivity at the landau level filling factor $ \ nu = 1 $, are much larger than those for 10 and 20 nm qws. this is consistent with the well - width dependence of the bare valley splitting estimated from the comparison with the zeeman splitting in the shubnikov - de haas oscillations. | arxiv:0911.1847 |
we classify the solutions to an overdetermined elliptic problem in the plane in the finite connectivity case. this is achieved by establishing a one - to - one correspondence between the solutions to this problem and a certain type of minimal surfaces. | arxiv:1301.6927 |
the cross sections for the processes $ \ gamma \ nu \ to \ gamma \ gamma \ nu $, $ \ gamma \ gamma \ to \ gamma \ nu \ bar { \ nu } $ and $ \ nu \ bar { \ nu } \ to \ gamma \ gamma \ gamma $ are calculated for a range of center of mass energies from below $ m _ e $ to considerably above $ m _ e $, but much less than $ m _ w $. this enables us to treat the neutrino - - electron coupling as a four - - fermi interaction and results in amplitudes which are electron box diagrams with three real photons and one virtual photon at their vertices. these calculations extend our previous low - - energy effective interaction results to higher energies and enable us to determine where the effective theory is reliable. | arxiv:hep-ph/9806499 |
such human - assisting systems as robots need to correctly understand the surrounding situation based on observations and output the required support actions for humans. language is one of the important channels to communicate with humans, and the robots are required to have the ability to express their understanding and action planning results. in this study, we propose a new task of operative action captioning that estimates and verbalizes the actions to be taken by the system in a human - assisting domain. we constructed a system that outputs a verbal description of a possible operative action that changes the current state to the given target state. we collected a dataset consisting of two images as observations, which express the current state and the state changed by actions, and a caption that describes the actions that change the current state to the target state, by crowdsourcing in daily life situations. then we constructed a system that estimates operative action by a caption. since the operative action ' s caption is expected to contain some state - changing actions, we use scene - graph prediction as an auxiliary task because the events written in the scene graphs correspond to the state changes. experimental results showed that our system successfully described the operative actions that should be conducted between the current and target states. the auxiliary tasks that predict the scene graphs improved the quality of the estimation results. | arxiv:2210.02735 |
we consider the dynamics of n bosons in one dimension. we assume that the pair interaction is attractive and given by n ^ { \ beta - 1 } v ( n ^ { \ beta } \ cdot ) where \ int v \ leqslant 0. we develop new techniques in treating the n - body hamiltonian so that we overcome the difficulties generated by the attractive interaction and establish new energy estimates. we also prove the optimal 1d collapsing estimate which reduces the regularity requirement in the uniqueness argument by half a derivative. we derive rigorously the one dimensional focusing cubic nls with a quadratic trap as the n - > \ infty limit of the n - body dynamic and hence justify the mean - field limit and prove the propagation of chaos for the focusing quantum many - body system. | arxiv:1308.3895 |
i discuss standard motivation for the new physics at the 1 tev scale. although the arguments for new exotic phenomena seem to be very supportive i argue that the standard model still might offer a good description far beyond this energy scale. i analyze three standard model cases with specific boundary conditions at the lowest energies. these conditions essentially eliminate the hierarchy and fine - tuning problems. in the first model where quartic scalar interactions are required to decouple, the higgs is predicted to weigh around 39 gev. in the second model with composite higgs, the top yukawa coupling is required to be one ( by hand, i. e. reflecting the assumed ground state ) and the higgs mass of about 138 gev is favored. the third model has condensation mechanism embedded in two dimensions. the top yukawa coupling being one comes about as prediction rather then requirement, i. e. $ g _ t = { 3g _ 2 \ over 2 } \ sqrt { 1 + { 1 \ over3 } ( g _ 1 \ over g _ 2 ) ^ 2 } ( 1 - \ textit { few } % ) \ approx 1. 025 ( 1 - \ textit { few } % ) $ where $ g _ 2 $, $ g _ 1 $ are electroweak $ su ( 2 ) \ times u ( 1 ) $ gauge couplings, and the sm higgs is expected to weigh in between 114. 8 and 118. 6 gev. | arxiv:hep-ph/0204345 |
using machine learning ( ml ) techniques for the next generation wireless networks have shown promising results in the recent years, due to high learning and adaptation capability of ml algorithms. more specifically, ml techniques have been used for load balancing in self - organizing networks ( son ). in the context of load balancing and ml, several studies propose network management automation ( nma ) from the perspective of a single and centralized agent. however, a single agent domain does not consider the interaction among the agents. in this paper, we propose a more realistic load balancing approach using novel multi - agent deep deterministic policy gradient with adaptive policies ( maddpg - ap ) scheme that considers throughput, resource block utilization and latency in the network. we compare our proposal with a single - agent rl algorithm named clipped double q - learning ( cdql ). simulation results reveal a significant improvement in latency, packet loss ratio and convergence time | arxiv:2110.07050 |
this paper considers a lqr optimal control design problem for distributed control systems with multi - agents. to control large - scale distributed systems such as smart - grid and multi - agent robotic systems over wireless communication networks, it is desired to design a feedback controller by considering various constraints on communication such as limited power, limited energy, or limited communication bandwidth, etc. in this paper, we focus on the reduction of communication energy in an lqr optimal control design problem on wireless communication networks. by considering the characteristic of wireless communication, i. e., radio frequency ( rf ) signal can spread in all directions in a broadcast way, we formulate a low - rank lqr optimal control model to reduce the communication energy in the distributed feedback control system. to solve the problem, we propose an alternating direction method of multipliers ( admm ) based algorithm. through various numerical experiments, we demonstrate that a feedback controller designed using low - rank structure can outperform the previous work on sparse lqr optimal control design, which focuses on reducing the number of communication links in a network, in terms of energy consumption, system stability margin against noise and error in communication. | arxiv:2301.13729 |
we present a combined study of thermal expansion and resistance fluctuation spectroscopy measurements exploring the static and dynamic aspects of the charge - glass formation in the quasi - two - dimensional organic conductors $ \ theta $ - ( bedt - ttf ) $ _ 2 $ $ mm ^ \ prime $ ( scn ) $ _ 4 $ with $ m $ = cs and $ m ^ \ prime $ = co, zn. in these materials, the emergence of a novel charge - glass state so far has been interpreted in purely electronic terms by considering the strong frustration of the coulomb interactions on a triangular lattice. contrary to this view, we provide comprehensive evidence for the involvement of a \ textit { structural } glass - like transition at $ t _ { \ text { g } } \ sim 90 - 100 \, $ k. this glassy transition can be assigned to the freezing of structural conformations of the ethylene endgroups in the donor molecule with an activation energy of $ e _ { \ rm { a } } \ approx 0. 32 \, $ ev, and the concomitant slowing down of the charge carrier dynamics is well described by a model of non - exponential kinetics. these findings discolse an important aspect of the phase diagram and renders the current understanding of the charge - glass state in the whole family of $ \ theta $ - ( bedt - ttf ) $ _ 2mm ^ \ prime $ ( scn ) $ _ 4 $ incomplete. our results suggest that the entanglement of slow structural and charge - cluster dynamics due to the intimate coupling of lattice and electronic degrees of freedom determine the charge - glass formation under geometric frustration. | arxiv:2109.00811 |
we derive both lagrangian and hamiltonian mechanics as gauge theories of newtonian mechanics. systematic development of the distinct symmetries of dynamics and measurement suggest that gauge theory may be motivated as a reconciliation of dynamics with measurement. applying this principle to newton ' s law with the simplest measurement theory leads to lagrangian mechanics, while use of conformal measurement theory leads to hamilton ' s equations. | arxiv:hep-th/0305017 |
we obtained hst / wfpc2 images of the dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxies k61, k63, k64, ddo78, bk6n, and kk77 in the m81 group. our color - magnitude diagrams show red giant branches with tips ( trgb ) falling within the range of i = [ 23. 8 - 24. 0 ] mag. the derived true distance moduli ( dm ) of the 6 dsphs ranging from 27. 71 to 27. 93 mag are consistent with their membership in the group. given accurate distances of 5 other group members, which have been derived via trgb or cepheids, the mean dm of the m81 group is ( 27. 84 + - 0. 05 ) mag. we find the difference of the mean distances to the m81 and ngc2403 groups to be d _ m81 - d _ ngc2403 = ( 0. 5 + - 0. 2 ) mpc, which yields a deprojected separation of 0. 9 mpc. with respect to the local group, m81 and ngc2403 have radial velocities of 106 and 267 km / s respectively, while the velocities of the group centroids are 142 and 281 km / s. the higher velocity of the closer system may indicate that these groups are moving towards each other, similar to the milky way and m31 in the local group. several globular cluster candidates have been identified in the galaxies. | arxiv:astro-ph/0010146 |
question 3 of [ 3 ] asks whether the matrix ring mn ( r ) is nil clean, for any nil clean ring r. it is shown that positive answer to this question is equivalent to positive solution for kothe ' s problem in the class of algebras over the field f _ 2. other equivalent problems are also discussed. the classes of conjugate clean and conjugate nil clean rings, which lie strictly between uniquely ( nil ) clean and ( nil ) clean rings are introduced and investigated. | arxiv:1605.09534 |
matrix norms can be used to measure the " distance " between two matrices which translates naturally to the problem of calculating the unitary deviation of the neutrino mixing matrices. variety of matrix norms opens a possibility to measure such deviations on different structural levels of the mixing matrix. | arxiv:1904.10649 |
we, the qaims lab lab at the aerospace faculty of tu delft, participated as finalists in the airbus / bmw quantum computing challenge 2024. stacking sequence retrieval, a complex combinatorial task within a bi - level optimization framework, is crucial for designing laminated composites that meet aerospace requirements for weight, strength, and stiffness. this document presents the scientifically relevant sections of our submission, which builds on our prior research on applying quantum computation to this challenging design problem. for the competition, we expanded our previous work in several significant ways. first, we incorporated a full set of manufacturing constraints into our algorithmic framework, including those previously established theoretically but not yet demonstrated, thereby aligning our approach more closely with real - world manufacturing demands. we implemented the f - vqe algorithm, which enhances the probability shaping of optimal solutions, improving on simpler variational quantum algorithms. our approach also demonstrates flexibility by accommodating diverse objectives as well as finer ply - angle increments alongside the previously demonstrated conventional ply angles. scalability was tested using the dmrg algorithm, which, despite limitations in entanglement representation, enabled simulations with up to 200 plies. results were directly compared to conventional stacking sequence retrieval algorithms with dmrg showing high competitiveness. given dmrg ' s limited entanglement capabilities, it serves as a conservative baseline, suggesting potential for even greater performance on fully realized quantum systems. this document serves to make our competition results publicly available as we prepare a formal publication on these findings and their implications for aerospace materials design optimization. | arxiv:2411.10303 |
keyphrase provides highly - condensed information that can be effectively used for understanding, organizing and retrieving text content. though previous studies have provided many workable solutions for automated keyphrase extraction, they commonly divided the to - be - summarized content into multiple text chunks, then ranked and selected the most meaningful ones. these approaches could neither identify keyphrases that do not appear in the text, nor capture the real semantic meaning behind the text. we propose a generative model for keyphrase prediction with an encoder - decoder framework, which can effectively overcome the above drawbacks. we name it as deep keyphrase generation since it attempts to capture the deep semantic meaning of the content with a deep learning method. empirical analysis on six datasets demonstrates that our proposed model not only achieves a significant performance boost on extracting keyphrases that appear in the source text, but also can generate absent keyphrases based on the semantic meaning of the text. code and dataset are available at https : / / github. com / memray / opennmt - kpg - release. | arxiv:1704.06879 |
in this paper, a generalized variable - coefficient kdv equation ( vckdv ) arising in fluid mechanics, plasma physics and ocean dynamics is investigated by using symmetry group analysis. two basic generators are determined, and for every generator in the optimal system the admissible forms of the coefficients and the corresponding reduced ordinary differential equation are obtained. the search for solutions to those reduced ordinary differential equations yields many new solutions for the generalized vckdv equation. | arxiv:1512.04453 |
in pharmaceutical research and development decision - making related to drug candidate selection, efficacy and safety is commonly supported through modelling and simulation ( m \ & s ). among others, physiologically - based pharmacokinetic models are used to describe drug absorption, distribution and metabolism in human. global sensitivity analysis ( gsa ) is gaining interest in the pharmacological m \ & s community as an important element for quality assessment of model - based inference. physiological models often present inter - correlated parameters. the inclusion of correlated factors in gsa and the sensitivity indices interpretation has proven an issue for these models. here we devise and evaluate a latent variable approach for dealing with correlated factors in gsa. this approach describes the correlation between two model inputs through the causal relationship of three independent factors : the latent variable and the unique variances of the two correlated parameters. then, gsa is performed with the classical variance - based method. we applied the latent variable approach to a set of algebraic models and a case from physiologically - based pharmacokinetics. then, we compared our approach to sobol ' s gsa assuming no correlations, sobol ' s gsa with groups and the kucherenko approach. the relative ease of implementation and interpretation makes this a simple approach for carrying out gsa for models with correlated input factors. | arxiv:2012.02500 |
we discuss the continuous and infinitesimal gauge, supergauge, reparameterization, nilpotent becchi - rouet - stora - tyutin ( brst ) and anti - brst symmetries and derive corresponding nilpotent charges for the one ( 0 + 1 ) - dimensional ( 1d ) massive model of a spinning relativistic particle. we exploit the theoretical potential and power of the brst and supervariable approaches to derive the ( anti - ) brst symmetries and coupled ( but equivalent ) lagrangians for this system. in particular, we capture the off - shell nilpotency and absolute anticommutatvity of the conserved ( anti - ) brst charges within the framework of the newly proposed ( anti - ) chiral supervariable approach ( acsa ) to brst formalism where only the ( anti - ) chiral supervariables ( and their suitable super expansions are taken into account along the grassmannian direction ( s ) ). one of the novel observations of our present investigation is the derivation of the curci - ferrari ( cf ) - type restriction by the requirement of the absolute anticommutatvity of the ( anti - ) brst charges in the ordinary space. we obtain the same restriction within the framework of acsa to brst formalism by ( i ) the symmetry invariance of the coupled lagrangians, and ( ii ) the proof of the absolute anticommutatvity of the conserved and nilpotent ( anti - ) brst charges. the observation of the anticommutativity property of the ( anti - ) brst charges is a novel result in view of the fact that we have taken into account only the ( anti - ) chiral super expansions. | arxiv:2006.07874 |
in this work, we investigate the problem of secure broadcasting over block - fading wiretap channels with limited channel knowledge at the transmitter. more particularly, we analyze the effect of having a finite rate feedback on the throughput of multi - user broadcast wiretap channels. we consider that the transmitter is only provided by a $ b $ - bits feedback of the main channel state information ( csi ) sent by each legitimate receiver, at the beginning of each fading block, over error - free public links with limited capacity. also, we assume that the transmitter is aware of the statistics of the eavesdropper ' s csi but not of its channel ' s realizations. under these assumptions of csi uncertainty, we characterize the ergodic secrecy capacity of the system when a common message is broadcasted to all legitimate receivers, the ergodic secrecy sum - capacity when multiple independent messages are transmitted, and the ergodic secrecy capacity region for the broadcast channel with confidential messages ( bccm ). in all three scenarios, we show that as long as the transmitter has some knowledge of the main csi, obtained even through a 1 - bit csi feedback, a non - zero secrecy rate can still be achieved. the impact of having the feedback sent over a binary erasure channel ( bec ) is also investigated for the bccm case. here again, and even with the possibility of having the feedback bits erased, a positive secrecy rate can still be achieved as long as the erasure event is not a probability - one event. an asymptotic analysis of the obtained results is provided for the high snr regime, and the scaling law of the system, when the number of legitimate receivers is large, is also presented. | arxiv:2004.10023 |
within protogalaxies, thermal instability leads to the formation of a population of cool fragments, confined by the pressure of residual hot gas. the hot gas remains in quasi - hydrostatic equilibrium, at approximately the virial temperature of the dark matter halo. it is heated by compression and shock dissipation and is cooled by bremsstrahlung emission and conductive losses into the cool clouds. the cool fragments are photoionized and heated by the extragalactic uv background and nearby massive stars. the smallest clouds are evaporated due to conductive heat transfer from the hot gas. all are subject to disruption due to hydrodynamic instabilities. they also gain mass due to collisions and mergers and condensation from the hot gas due to conduction. the size distribution of the fragments in turn determines the rate and efficiency of star formation during the early phase of galactic evolution. we have performed one - dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the evolution of the hot and cool gas. the cool clouds are assumed to follow a power - law size distribution, and fall into the galactic potential, subject to drag from the hot gas. the relative amounts of the hot and cool gas is determined by the processes discussed above, and star formation occurs at a rate sufficient to maintain the cool clouds at 10 $ ^ 4 $ k. we present density distributions for the two phases and also for the stars for several cases, parametrized by the circular speeds of the potentials. under some conditions, primarily low densities of the hot gas, conduction is more efficient than radiative processes at cooling the hot gas, limiting the x - ray radiation from the halo gas. | arxiv:astro-ph/0004055 |
we survey the value - distribution theory of zeta and $ l $ - functions, originated by h. bohr, and developed further by y. ihara and others recently. | arxiv:1810.01552 |
we propose a new parametric finite element method, referred to as the bgn - mdr method, for simulating both mean curvature flow and surface diffusion for closed hypersurfaces, as well as open hypersurfaces with moving contact lines in three dimensions. the method is also applicable to closed and open curves with moving contact points in two dimensions. the proposed scheme inherits the energy stability from the bgn scheme proposed by barrett, garcke, and n \ " urnberg in 2008, and offers improved mesh quality similar to the minimal deformation rate ( mdr ) method proposed by hu and li in 2022, especially for small time step sizes where the bgn scheme may become unstable and result in deteriorated meshes. | arxiv:2504.20494 |
in this paper, i review the experimental situation for both glueballs and hybrid mesons. theoretical expectations are discussed, and a survey of what is known about hybrid mesons and glueballs is undertaken. good experimental evidence exists for both states with exotic quantum numbers and a glueball which is mixed with the nearby mesons, but a full understanding of these still requires additional information. | arxiv:hep-ex/0308010 |
the features of the azimuthal - angle overfocusing of atoms sputtered from the surface of the ni ( 001 ) face are studied by molecular dynamics computer simulation. the signal of overfocused atoms is found to be multi - valued with respect to the initial azimuthal angle due to different mechanisms of scattering. the overfocused atoms form separate maximum and can be detected in experiments with angle and energy resolution separately from the focused and the own atoms. | arxiv:1512.03381 |
spontaneous symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in many areas of physics, ranging from cosmology and particle physics to condensed matter. a prime example is the breaking of spatial translation symmetry, which underlies the formation of crystals and the phase transition from liquid to solid. analogous to crystals in space, the breaking of translation symmetry in time and the emergence of a " time crystal " was recently proposed, but later shown to be forbidden in thermal equilibrium. however, non - equilibrium floquet systems subject to a periodic drive can exhibit persistent time - correlations at an emergent sub - harmonic frequency. this new phase of matter has been dubbed a " discrete time crystal " ( dtc ). here, we present the first experimental observation of a discrete time crystal, in an interacting spin chain of trapped atomic ions. we apply a periodic hamiltonian to the system under many - body localization ( mbl ) conditions, and observe a sub - harmonic temporal response that is robust to external perturbations. such a time crystal opens the door for studying systems with long - range spatial - temporal correlations and novel phases of matter that emerge under intrinsically non - equilibrium conditions. | arxiv:1609.08684 |
due to the lack of large - scale labeled thermal infrared ( tir ) training datasets, most existing tir trackers are trained directly on rgb datasets. however, tracking methods trained on rgb datasets suffer a significant drop - off in tir data due to the domain shift issue. to this end, in this work, we propose a progressive domain adaptation framework for tir tracking ( pdat ), which transfers useful knowledge learned from rgb tracking to tir tracking. the framework makes full use of large - scale labeled rgb datasets without requiring time - consuming and labor - intensive labeling of large - scale tir data. specifically, we first propose an adversarial - based global domain adaptation module to reduce domain gap on the feature level coarsely. second, we design a clustering - based subdomain adaptation method to further align the feature distributions of the rgb and tir datasets finely. these two domain adaptation modules gradually eliminate the discrepancy between the two domains, and thus learn domain - invariant fine - grained features through progressive training. additionally, we collect a largescale tir dataset with over 1. 48 million unlabeled tir images for training the proposed domain adaptation framework. experimental results on five tir tracking benchmarks show that the proposed method gains a nearly 6 % success rate, demonstrating its effectiveness. | arxiv:2407.19430 |
a two level system is considered which has no static dipole moment, e. g. molecule $ h _ 2 $ in its ground electronic state. if strong enough external field is applied, it will dynamically distort such a system and supply it with time ( and field ) dependent dipole moment. although it is impossible to do so in the undistorted system which has no coupling to the dipole component of the external field, having induced in it a dipole moment, the rotational and vibrational dynamics of such system can be manipulated using lasers. in this work, a system is considered in which the external perturbation dynamically induces the transition dipole moment between only two distinct levels. the aim of the work is to show how the driving pulse can be analytically designed, that will produce rabi - like complete population oscillations between the two levels. | arxiv:quant-ph/0407026 |
uncertainty calibration is crucial for various machine learning applications, yet it remains challenging. many models exhibit hallucinations - confident yet inaccurate responses - due to miscalibrated confidence. here, we show that the common practice of random initialization in deep learning, often considered a standard technique, is an underlying cause of this miscalibration, leading to excessively high confidence in untrained networks. our method, inspired by developmental neuroscience, addresses this issue by simply pretraining networks with random noise and labels, reducing overconfidence and bringing initial confidence levels closer to chance. this ensures optimal calibration, aligning confidence with accuracy during subsequent data training, without the need for additional pre - or post - processing. pre - calibrated networks excel at identifying " unknown data, " showing low confidence for out - of - distribution inputs, thereby resolving confidence miscalibration. | arxiv:2412.17411 |
we probe the intrinsic differences in simulated gravitational - wave signals from binary neutron star ( bns ) mergers, arising from varying approaches to incorporating thermal effects in numerical - relativity modeling. we consider a hybrid approach in which the equation of state ( eos ) comprises a cold, zero - temperature, piecewise - polytropic part and a thermal part described by an ideal gas, and a tabulated approach based on self - consistent, microphysical, finite - temperature eos. we use time - domain waveforms corresponding to bns merger simulations with four different eoss. those are injected into gaussian noise given by the sensitivity of the third - generation detector einstein telescope and reconstructed using bayeswave, a bayesian data - analysis algorithm that recovers the signals through a model - agnostic approach. the two representations of thermal effects result in different dominant peak frequencies in the spectra of the postmerger signals, for both the quadrupole fundamental mode and the late - time inertial modes. for some of the eoss investigated those differences are large enough to be told apart, especially in the early postmerger phase when the signal amplitude is the loudest. our results suggest that a self - consistent treatment of thermal effects in bns postmerger modeling is essential to prevent significant parameter biases in upcoming gravitational - wave detections. | arxiv:2401.02493 |
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