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we characterize certain riordan arrays by their $ a $ - matrices and $ \ rho $ sequences. we conjecture the form of a generic $ a $ - matrix which leads to somos $ 4 $ sequences. we find an $ a $ - matrix that produces a riordan quasi - involution, and we study the $ a $ - matrices and $ \ rho $ sequences of the moment matrices of certain perturbed orthogonal polynomials. | arxiv:1912.01126 |
conformal prediction is a general distribution - free approach for constructing prediction sets combined with any machine learning algorithm that achieve valid marginal or conditional coverage in finite samples. ordinal classification is common in real applications where the target variable has natural ordering among the class labels. in this paper, we discuss constructing distribution - free prediction sets for such ordinal classification problems by leveraging the ideas of conformal prediction and multiple testing with fwer control. newer conformal prediction methods are developed for constructing contiguous and non - contiguous prediction sets based on marginal and conditional ( class - specific ) conformal $ p $ - values, respectively. theoretically, we prove that the proposed methods respectively achieve satisfactory levels of marginal and class - specific conditional coverages. through simulation study and real data analysis, these proposed methods show promising performance compared to the existing conformal method. | arxiv:2404.16610 |
we present a detailed recipe for making movies from multi - epoch radio observations of astronomical sources. images are interpolated linearly in time to create a smooth succession of frames so that a continuous movie can be compiled. here, we outline the procedure, and draw attention to specific details necessary for making a successful movie. in particular, we discuss the issues pertaining specifically to making polarization movies. the procedure described here has been implemented into scripts in nrao ' s aips package ( brandeis aips movie maker - - bamm ) that are available for public use ( http : / / www. astro. brandeis. edu ). | arxiv:astro-ph/0106427 |
in this paper we extend to the function field setting the heuristics formerly developed by conrey, farmer, keating, rubinstein and snaith, for the integral moments of $ l $ - functions. we also adapt to the function setting the heuristics first developed by conrey, farmer and zirnbauer to the study of mean values of ratios of $ l $ - functions. specifically, the focus of this paper is on the family of quadratic dirichlet $ l $ - functions $ l ( s, \ chi _ { p } ) $ where the character $ \ chi $ is defined by the legendre symbol for polynomials in $ \ mathbb { f } _ { q } [ t ] $ with $ \ mathbb { f } _ { q } $ a finite field of odd cardinality and the averages are taken over all monic and irreducible polynomials $ p $ of a given odd degree. as an application we also compute the formula for the one - level density for the zeros of these $ l $ - functions. | arxiv:1807.06347 |
recent progress in understanding ( 2 + 1 ) - dimensional yang - mills ( ym _ { 2 + 1 } ) theory via the use of gauge - invariant variables is reviewed. among other things, we discuss the vacuum wavefunction, an analytic calculation of the string tension and the propagator mass for gluons and its relation to the magnetic mass for ym _ { 3 + 1 } at nonzero temperature. | arxiv:hep-th/9911061 |
the high surface - brightness sensitivity of the gleam survey image of the giant radio galaxy grg 0503 - 28 at 70 - 230 mhz has revealed an inversion - symmetric bending of its two lobes, while maintaining between their bent portions a ~ 200 kpc wide strip - like radio emission gap. this lends the source the appearance of a mega - sized x - shaped radio galaxy. identifying the emission gap with the presence of a gaseous layer, probably a whim - filled sheet in the cosmic web, we suggest that the layer is the most likely cause of the inversion - symmetric bending of the two radio lobes. multiple observational manifestations of such gaseous layers are noted. the two lobes of this grg, known to extend very asymmetrically from the host galaxy, are remarkably symmetric about the emission gap, confirming a curious trend noted earlier for double radio sources of normal dimensions. the anomalous radio spectral gradient reported for the northern lobe of this grg is not substantiated. | arxiv:2204.00839 |
we revisit the annulus amplitude of fzzt branes with general matter sectors ( r, s ) using the recent development of matrix model and minimal liouville gravity. following the boundary description of the 1 - matrix model and bulk resonance transformation between primary operators we find the consistency of the brane decomposition into ( 1, 1 ) - branes. we also investigate the corresponding results obtained directly from the minimal liouville gravity and demonstrate the perfect agreement with the matrix results. | arxiv:1109.5465 |
the new particle x recently discovered by the atlas and cms collaborations in searches for the higgs boson has been observed to decay into gamma gamma, zz * and ww *, but its spin and parity, j ^ p, remain a mystery, with j ^ p = 0 ^ + and 2 ^ + being open possibilities. we use pythia and delphes to simulate an analysis of the angular distribution of gg to x to gamma gamma decays in a full 2012 data set, including realistic background levels. we show that this angular distribution should provide strong discrimination between the possibilities of spin zero and spin two with graviton - like couplings : ~ 3 sigma if a conservative symmetric interpretation of the log - likelihood ratio ( llr ) test statistic is used, and ~ 6 sigma if a less conservative asymmetric interpretation is used. the ww and zz couplings of the standard model higgs boson and of a 2 ^ + particle with graviton - like couplings are both expected to exhibit custodial symmetry. we simulate the present atlas and cms search strategies for x to ww * using pythia and delphes, and show that their efficiencies in the case of a spin - two particle with graviton - like couplings are a factor ~ 1. 9 smaller than in the spin - zero case. on the other hand, the ratio of x _ { 2 ^ + } to ww * and zz * branching ratios is larger than that in the 0 ^ + case by a factor ~ 1. 3. we find that the current atlas and cms results for x to ww * and x to zz * decays are compatible with custodial symmetry under both the spin - zero and - two hypotheses, and that the data expected to become available during 2012 are unlikely to discriminate significantly between these possibilities. | arxiv:1210.5229 |
heterogeneous graph neural networks ( hgnns ) have emerged as powerful algorithms for processing heterogeneous graphs ( hetgs ), widely used in many critical fields. to capture both structural and semantic information in hetgs, hgnns first aggregate the neighboring feature vectors for each vertex in each semantic graph and then fuse the aggregated results across all semantic graphs for each vertex. unfortunately, existing graph neural network accelerators are ill - suited to accelerate hgnns. this is because they fail to efficiently tackle the specific execution patterns and exploit the high - degree parallelism as well as data reusability inside and across the processing of semantic graphs in hgnns. in this work, we first quantitatively characterize a set of representative hgnn models on gpu to disclose the execution bound of each stage, inter - semantic - graph parallelism, and inter - semantic - graph data reusability in hgnns. guided by our findings, we propose a high - performance hgnn accelerator, hihgnn, to alleviate the execution bound and exploit the newfound parallelism and data reusability in hgnns. specifically, we first propose a bound - aware stage - fusion methodology that tailors to hgnn acceleration, to fuse and pipeline the execution stages being aware of their execution bounds. second, we design an independency - aware parallel execution design to exploit the inter - semantic - graph parallelism. finally, we present a similarity - aware execution scheduling to exploit the inter - semantic - graph data reusability. compared to the state - of - the - art software framework running on nvidia gpu t4 and gpu a100, hihgnn respectively achieves an average 41. 5 $ \ times $ and 8. 6 $ \ times $ speedup as well as 106 $ \ times $ and 73 $ \ times $ energy efficiency with quarter the memory bandwidth of gpu a100. | arxiv:2307.12765 |
resistive random access memories ( rram ) are novel nonvolatile memory technologies, which can be embedded at the core of cmos, and which could be ideal for the in - memory implementation of deep neural networks. a particularly exciting vision is using them for implementing binarized neural networks ( bnns ), a class of deep neural networks with a highly reduced memory footprint. the challenge of resistive memory, however, is that they are prone to device variation, which can lead to bit errors. in this work we show that bnns can tolerate these bit errors to an outstanding level, through simulations of networks on the mnist and cifar10 tasks. if a standard bnn is used, up to 10 ^ - 4 bit error rate can be tolerated with little impact on recognition performance on both mnist and cifar10. we then show that by adapting the training procedure to the fact that the bnn will be operated on error - prone hardware, this tolerance can be extended to a bit error rate of 4x10 ^ - 2. the requirements for rram are therefore a lot less stringent for bnns than more traditional applications. we show, based on experimental measurements on a rram hfo2 technology, that this result can allow reduce rram programming energy by a factor 30. | arxiv:1904.03652 |
corrosion is a major problem affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. corrosion related maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures cost multibillion usd per annum globally. it is often triggered by the ingression of carbon dioxide and / or chloride into the pores of concrete. estimation of these corrosion causing factors using the conventional models results in suboptimal assessment since they are incapable of capturing the complex interaction of parameters. hygrothermal interaction also plays a role in aggravating the corrosion of reinforcement bar and this is usually counteracted by applying surface - protection systems. these systems have different degree of protection and they may even cause deterioration to the structure unintentionally. the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a framework that enhances the assessment reliability of the corrosion controlling factors. the framework is realized through the development of data - driven carbonation depth, chloride profile and hygrothermal performance prediction models. the carbonation depth prediction model integrates neural network, decision tree, boosted and bagged ensemble decision trees. the ensemble tree based chloride profile prediction models evaluate the significance of chloride ingress controlling variables from various perspectives. the hygrothermal interaction prediction models are developed using neural networks to evaluate the status of corrosion and other unexpected deteriorations in surface - treated concrete elements. long - term data for all models were obtained from three different field experiments. the performance comparison of the developed carbonation depth prediction model with the conventional one confirmed the prediction superiority of the data - driven model. the variable... | arxiv:2007.01164 |
chatgpt has shown its great power in text processing, including its reasoning ability from text reading. however, there has not been any direct comparison between human readers and chatgpt in reasoning ability related to text reading. this study was undertaken to investigate how chatgpts ( i. e., chatgpt and chatgpt plus ) and chinese senior school students as esl learners exhibited their reasoning ability from english narrative texts. additionally, we compared the two chatgpts in the reasoning performances when commands were updated elaborately. the whole study was composed of three reasoning tests : test 1 for commonsense inference, test 2 for emotional inference, and test 3 for causal inference. the results showed that in test 1, the students outdid the two chatgpt versions in local - culture - related inferences but performed worse than the chatbots in daily - life inferences. in test 2, chatgpt plus excelled whereas chatgpt lagged behind in accuracy. in association with both accuracy and frequency of correct responses, the students were inferior to the two chatbots. compared with chatgpts ' better performance in positive emotions, the students showed their superiority in inferring negative emotions. in test 3, the students demonstrated better logical analysis, outdoing both chatbots. in updating command condition, chatgpt plus displayed good causal reasoning ability while chatgpt kept unchanged. our study reveals that human readers and chatgpts have their respective advantages and disadvantages in drawing inferences from text reading comprehension, unlocking a complementary relationship in text - based reasoning. | arxiv:2311.10344 |
the a priori time in conventional quantum mechanics is shown to contradict the uncertainty principle. a possible solution is given. | arxiv:gr-qc/9911060 |
particle segregation is common in natural and industrial processes involving flowing granular materials. complex, and seemingly contradictory, segregation phenomena have been observed for different boundary conditions and forcing. using discrete element method simulations, we show that segregation of a single particle intruder can be described in a unified manner across different flow configurations. a scaling relation for the net segregation force is obtained by measuring forces on an intruder particle in controlled - velocity flows where gravity and flow kinematics are varied independently. the scaling law consists of two additive terms : a buoyancy - like gravity - induced pressure gradient term and a shear rate gradient term, both of which depend on the particle size ratio. the shear rate gradient term reflects a kinematics - driven mechanism whereby larger ( smaller ) intruders are pushed toward higher ( lower ) shear rate regions. the scaling is validated, without refitting, in wall - driven flows, inclined wall - driven flows, vertical silo flows, and free surface flows down inclines. comparing the segregation force to the intruder weight results in predictions of the segregation direction that match experimental and computational results for various flow configurations. | arxiv:2103.09386 |
the joint probability distribution of matter overdensity and galaxy counts in cells is a powerful probe of cosmology, and the extent to which variance in galaxy counts at fixed matter density deviates from poisson shot noise is not fully understood. the lack of informed bounds on this stochasticity is currently the limiting factor in constraining cosmology with the galaxy - matter pdf. we investigate stochasticity in the conditional distribution of galaxy counts at fixed matter density and present a halo occupation distribution ( hod ) - based approach for obtaining plausible ranges for stochasticity parameters. to probe the high - dimensional space of possible galaxy - matter connections, we derive hods which conserve linear galaxy bias and number density to produce redmagic - like galaxy catalogs within the abacussummit suite of n - body simulations. we study the impact of individual hod parameters and cosmology on stochasticity and perform a monte carlo search in hod parameter space, subject to the constraints on bias and density. in mock catalogs generated by the selected hods, shot noise in galaxy counts spans both sub - poisson and super - poisson values, ranging from 80 % to 133 % of poisson variance at mean matter density. nearly all derived hods show a positive relationship between local matter density and stochasticity. for galaxy catalogs with higher stochasticity, quadratic galaxy bias is required for an accurate description of the conditional pdf of galaxy counts at fixed matter density. the presence of galaxy assembly bias also substantially extends the range of stochasticity in the super - poisson direction. this hod - based approach leverages degrees of freedom in the galaxy - halo connection to obtain informed bounds on model nuisance parameters and can be adapted to other parametrizations of stochasticity, in particular to motivate prior ranges for cosmological analyses. | arxiv:2404.04252 |
in this paper, we present a criterion for $ ( k, v ) $ to be henselian and defectless in terms of finite complete sequences of key polynomials. for this, we use the theory of mac lane - vaqui \ ' e chains and abstract key polynomials. we then prove that a valued field $ ( k, v ) $ is tame if and only if $ vk $ is $ p $ - divisible, $ kv $ is perfect and every simple algebraic extension of $ k $ admits a finite complete sequence of key polynomials. the properties $ vk $ $ p $ - divisible and $ kv $ perfect are described by the frobenius endomorphism on the associated graded ring. we also make considerations on simply defectless and algebraically maximal valued fields and purely inertial and purely ramified extensions. | arxiv:2407.01030 |
cops and robbers is a turn - based pursuit game played on a graph $ g $. one robber is pursued by a set of cops. in each round, these agents move between vertices along the edges of the graph. the cop number $ c ( g ) $ denotes the minimum number of cops required to catch the robber in finite time. we study the cop number of geometric graphs. for points $ x _ 1,..., x _ n \ in \ r ^ 2 $, and $ r \ in \ r ^ + $, the vertex set of the geometric graph $ g ( x _ 1,..., x _ n ; r ) $ is the graph on these $ n $ points, with $ x _ i, x _ j $ adjacent when $ \ norm { x _ i - x _ j } \ leq r $. we prove that $ c ( g ) \ leq 9 $ for any connected geometric graph $ g $ in $ r ^ 2 $ and we give an example of a connected geometric graph with $ c ( g ) = 3 $. we improve on our upper bound for random geometric graphs that are sufficiently dense. let $ g ( n, r ) $ denote the probability space of geometric graphs with $ n $ vertices chosen uniformly and independently from $ [ 0, 1 ] ^ 2 $. for $ g \ in g ( n, r ) $, we show that with high probability ( whp ), if $ r \ geq k _ 1 ( \ log n / n ) ^ { 1 / 4 } $, then $ c ( g ) \ leq 2 $, and if $ r \ geq k _ 2 ( \ log n / n ) ^ { 1 / 5 } $, then $ c ( g ) = 1 $ where $ k _ 1, k _ 2 > 0 $ are absolute constants. finally, we provide a lower bound near the connectivity regime of $ g ( n, r ) $ : if $ r \ leq k _ 3 \ log n / \ sqrt { n } $ then $ c ( g ) > 1 $ whp, where $ k _ 3 > 0 $ is an absolute constant. | arxiv:1108.2549 |
international scientific mobility is acknowledged to be a key mechanism for the diffusion of knowledge, particularly tacit or ' sticky ' knowledge that cannot be transferred without geographical proximity and personal contact, for the incorporation of young researchers into elite transnational scientific networks, and for accessing additional resources or infrastructures that are essential to the research process but located in other places. the inadequacy and lack of appropriate data to assess the phenomenon of researcher mobility has been repeatedly pointed out by scholars and policy makers. this paper presents an exploratory analysis of different typologies of researchers according to their traceable mobility using scientific publications covered in the web of science ( wos ). we compare two populations of researchers, of the same ' scientific age ', based in spain and the netherlands. we observe differences in the degree of mobility of spain and netherlands based researchers. factors associated with the different institutional conditions characterizing the two national systems need to be taken into account. first, the spanish and dutch university and research systems are different in many ways. second, there may be very different institutional incentives for mobility in the two systems. more sophisticated bibliometric analyses and comparisons with different ' generations ' of researchers, possibly combined with qualitative investigation, will be required to better understand the role and function of national institutional context in both research mobility and research careers. | arxiv:1606.00155 |
genetic data if it is justified. it was found in this study that offenders are disproportionally low - income and black and the average person of genetic testing is wealthy and white. the results from the study had different results. in 2016, there was a survey called the national crime victimization survey ( ncvs ) that was provided by the us bureau of justice statistics. in that survey, it was found that 1. 3 % of people aged 12 or older were victims of violent crimes, and 8. 85 of households were victims of property crimes. there were some issues with this survey though. the ncvs produces only the annual estimates of victimization. the survey that christi guerrini, jill robinson, devan petersen, and amy mcguire produced asked the participants about the incidents of victimization over one ' s lifetime. their survey also did not restrict other family members to one household. around 25 % of people who responded to the survey said that they have had family members that have been employed by law enforcement which includes security guards and bailiffs. throughout these surveys, it has been found that there is public support for law enforcement to access genetic genealogy databases. = = litigation science = = " litigation science " describes analysis or data developed or produced expressly for use in a trial versus those produced in the course of independent research. this distinction was made by the u. s. 9th circuit court of appeals when evaluating the admissibility of experts. this uses demonstrative evidence, which is evidence created in preparation of trial by attorneys or paralegals. = = demographics = = as of 2025, there are currently an estimated 18, 500 forensic science technicians in the united states. = = media impact = = real - life crime scene investigators and forensic scientists warn that popular television shows do not give a realistic picture of the work, often wildly distorting its nature, and exaggerating the ease, speed, effectiveness, drama, glamour, influence and comfort level of their jobs — which they describe as far more mundane, tedious and boring. some claim these modern tv shows have changed individuals ' expectations of forensic science, sometimes unrealistically — an influence termed the " csi effect ". further, research has suggested that public misperceptions about criminal forensics can create, in the mind of a juror, unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence — which they expect to see before convicting — implicitly biasing the juror towards the defendant. citing the " csi effect, " at least one researcher has | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_science |
the present paper is devoted to study multi - dimensional coupled fbsdes with diagonally quadratic generators. relying on a comparison result obtained in [ 20 ], we provide conditions under which there exists a global solution. as a byproduct, we further give a comparison result for this global solution. | arxiv:2111.07246 |
we establish that for any non - empty, compact set $ k \ subset \ mathbb { r } _ { \ mathrm { sym } } ^ { 3 \ times 3 } $ the $ 1 $ - and $ \ infty $ - symmetric div - quasiconvex hulls $ k ^ { ( 1 ) } $ and $ k ^ { ( \ infty ) } $ coincide. this settles a conjecture in a recent work of conti, m \ " { u } ller and ortiz ( symmetric div - quasiconvexity and the relaxation of static problems. arch. ration. mech. anal. 235 ( 2 ) : 841 - 880 ) in the affirmative. as a key novelty, we construct an $ \ mathrm { l } ^ { \ infty } $ - truncation that preserves both symmetry and solenoidality of matrix - valued maps in $ \ mathrm { l } ^ { 1 } $. | arxiv:2108.05757 |
the two - by - two scattering matrix for one - dimensional scattering processes is a three - parameter sp ( 2 ) matrix or its unitary equivalent. for one - dimensional crystals, it would be repeated applications of this matrix. the problem is how to calculate n repeated multiplications of this matrix. it is shown that the original sp ( 2 ) matrix can be written as a similarity transformation of wigner ' s little group matrix which can be diagonalized. it is then possible to calculate the repeated applications of the original sp ( 2 ) matrix. | arxiv:math-ph/0607035 |
the design of mechanisms that encourage pro - social behaviours in populations of self - regarding agents is recognised as a major theoretical challenge within several areas of social, life and engineering sciences. when interference from external parties is considered, several heuristics have been identified as capable of engineering a desired collective behaviour at a minimal cost. however, these studies neglect the diverse nature of contexts and social structures that characterise real - world populations. here we analyse the impact of diversity by means of scale - free interaction networks with high and low levels of clustering, and test various interference mechanisms using simulations of agents facing a cooperative dilemma. our results show that interference on scale - free networks is not trivial and that distinct levels of clustering react differently to each interference mechanism. as such, we argue that no tailored response fits all scale - free networks and present which mechanisms are more efficient at fostering cooperation in both types of networks. finally, we discuss the pitfalls of considering reckless interference mechanisms. | arxiv:1905.04964 |
this paper deals with a problem in which two players share a previously sliced pizza and try to eat as much amount of pizza as they can. it takes time to eat each piece of pizza and both players eat pizza at the same rate. one is allowed to take a next piece only after the person has finished eating the piece on hand. also, after the first piece is taken, one can only take a piece which is adjacent to already - taken piece. this paper shows that, in this real time setting, the starting player can always eat at least two - fifth of the total size of the pizza. however, this may not be the best possible amount the starting player can eat. it is a modified problem from an original one where two players takes piece alternatively instead. | arxiv:1212.2525 |
the radiation of twisted photons by charged particles traversing a cholesteric plate is studied in the framework of quantum electrodynamics in an anisotropic inhomogeneous dispersive medium. the complete set of solutions to the maxwell equations in the cholesteric plate is constructed in the paraxial and small anisotropy approximations. the explicit expressions for the average numbers of plane - wave and twisted photons created by a charged point particle crossing the cholesteric plate are derived. the selection rules for the twisted photons radiated at the harmonic $ n \ in \ mathbb { z } $ are established. in the paraxial regime, the projection of the orbital angular momentum of a radiated twisted photon obeys the selection rule $ l = \ pm ( 2n + 1 ) $. in the approximation of a small anisotropy of the permittivity tensor, the selection rule becomes $ m = \ pm 2n $, where $ m $ is the projection of the total angular momentum of a radiated twisted photon. the sign " $ \ pm $ " in these selection rules is related to the choice of the forward or reflected waves in the cholesteric and is realized at the different energies of radiated photons. as the examples, the radiation of optical twisted photons by electrons with the lorentz factors $ \ gamma = 235 $ and $ \ gamma = 500 $ and by uranium nuclei with $ \ gamma = 2 $ are considered. it is shown that charged particles traversing normally a cholesteric plate can be used as a pure source of twisted photons. | arxiv:2011.07465 |
we compute the scale - dependence of the planck mass and of the vacuum expectation value of the higgs field using two very different renormalization group methods : a " holographic " procedure based on einstein ' s equations in five dimensions with matter confined to a 3 - brane, and a " functional " procedure in four dimensions based on a wilsonian momentum cutoff. both calculations lead to very similar results, suggesting that the coupled theory approaches a non - trivial fixed point in the ultraviolet. | arxiv:1109.3062 |
we give a classification of open equivariant topological conformal field theories in terms of calabi - yau $ a _ \ infty $ - categories endowed with a group action. | arxiv:1512.03471 |
we develop and apply a fully covariant 1 + 3 electromagnetic analogy for gravity. the free gravitational field is covariantly characterized by the weyl gravito - electric and gravito - magnetic spatial tensor fields, whose dynamical equations are the bianchi identities. using a covariant generalization of spatial vector algebra and calculus to spatial tensor fields, we exhibit the covariant analogy between the tensor bianchi equations and the vector maxwell equations. we identify gravitational source terms, couplings and potentials with and without electromagnetic analogues. the nonlinear vacuum bianchi equations are shown to be invariant under covariant spatial duality rotation of the gravito - electric and gravito - magnetic tensor fields. we construct the super - energy density and super - poynting vector of the gravitational field as natural u ( 1 ) group invariants, and derive their super - energy conservation equation. a covariant approach to gravito - electric / magnetic monopoles is also presented. | arxiv:gr-qc/9704059 |
modern power systems face growing risks from cyber - physical attacks, necessitating enhanced resilience due to their societal function as critical infrastructures. the challenge is that defense of large - scale systems - of - systems requires scalability in their threat and risk assessment environment for cyber physical analysis including cyber - informed transmission planning, decision - making, and intrusion response. hence, we present a scalable discrete event simulation tool for analysis of energy systems, called destine. the tool is tailored for largescale cyber - physical systems, with a focus on power systems. it supports faster - than - real - time traffic generation and models packet flow and congestion under both normal and adversarial conditions. using three well - established power system synthetic cases with 500, 2000, and 10, 000 buses, we overlay a constructed cyber network employing star and radial topologies. experiments are conducted to identify critical nodes within a communication network in response to a disturbance. the findings are incorporated into a constrained optimization problem to assess the impact of the disturbance on a specific node and its cascading effects on the overall network. based on the solution of the optimization problem, a new hybrid network topology is also derived, combining the strengths of star and radial structures to improve network resilience. furthermore, destine is integrated with a virtual server and a hardware - in - the - loop ( hil ) system using raspberry pi 5. | arxiv:2504.15198 |
the development of technologies of multimedia, linked to that of internet and democratization of high outflow, has made henceforth e - learning possible for learners being in virtual classes and geographically distributed. the quality and quantity of asynchronous and synchronous communications are the key elements for e - learning success. it is important to have a propitious supervision to reduce the feeling of isolation in e - learning. this feeling of isolation is among the main causes of loss and high rates of stalling in e - learning. the researches to be conducted in this domain aim to bring solutions of convergence coming from real time image for the capture and recognition of hand gestures. these gestures will be analyzed by the system and transformed as indicator of participation. this latter is displayed in the table of performance of the tutor as a curve according to the time. in case of isolation of learner, the indicator of participation will become red and the tutor will be informed of learners with difficulties to participate during learning session. | arxiv:1502.07243 |
solving a system of $ m $ multivariate quadratic equations in $ n $ variables over finite fields ( the mq problem ) is one of the important problems in the theory of computer science. the xl algorithm ( xl for short ) is a major approach for solving the mq problem with linearization over a coefficient field. furthermore, the hybrid approach with xl ( h - xl ) is a variant of xl guessing some variables beforehand. in this paper, we present a variant of h - xl, which we call the \ textit { polynomial xl ( pxl ) }. in pxl, the whole $ n $ variables are divided into $ k $ variables to be fixed and the remaining $ n - k $ variables as ` ` main variables ' ', and we generate a macaulay matrix with respect to the $ n - k $ main variables over a polynomial ring of the $ k $ ( sub - ) variables. by eliminating some columns of the macaulay matrix over the polynomial ring before guessing $ k $ variables, the amount of operations required for each guessed value can be reduced compared with h - xl. our complexity analysis of pxl ( under some practical assumptions and heuristics ) gives a new theoretical bound, and it indicates that pxl could be more efficient than other algorithms in theory on the random system with $ n = m $, which is the case of general multivariate signatures. for example, on systems over the finite field with $ { 2 ^ 8 } $ elements with $ n = m = 80 $, the numbers of operations deduced from the theoretical bounds of the hybrid approaches with xl and wiedemann xl, crossbred, and pxl with optimal $ k $ are estimated as $ 2 ^ { 252 } $, $ 2 ^ { 234 } $, $ 2 ^ { 237 } $, and $ 2 ^ { 220 } $, respectively. | arxiv:2112.05023 |
how to reduce the pilot overhead required for channel estimation? how to deal with the channel dynamic changes and error propagation in channel prediction? to jointly address these two critical issues in next - generation transceiver design, in this paper, we propose a novel framework named channel deduction for high - dimensional channel acquisition in multiple - input multiple - output ( mimo ) - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( ofdm ) systems. specifically, it makes use of the outdated channel information of past time slots, performs coarse estimation for the current channel with a relatively small number of pilots, and then fuses these two information to obtain a complete representation of the present channel. the rationale is to align the current channel representation to both the latent channel features within the past samples and the coarse estimate of current channel at the pilots, which, in a sense, behaves as a complementary combination of estimation and prediction and thus reduces the overall overhead. to fully exploit the highly nonlinear correlations in time, space, and frequency domains, we resort to learning - based implementation approaches. by using the highly efficient complex - domain multilayer perceptron ( mlp ) - mixer for crossing space - frequency domain representation and the recurrence - based or attention - based mechanisms for the past - present interaction, we respectively design two different channel deduction neural networks ( cdnets ). we provide a general procedure of data collection, training, and deployment to standardize the application of cdnets. comprehensive experimental evaluations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach, which reduces the pilot overhead by up to 88. 9 % compared to state - of - the - art estimation approaches and enables continuous operating even under unknown user movement and error propagation. | arxiv:2403.19409 |
the well - established correlations between the mass of massive black holes ( bhs ) in the nuclei of most studied galaxies and various global properties of their hosting galaxy lend support to the idea that dwarf galaxies and globular clusters could also host a bh in their centers. direct kinematic detection of bhs in dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxies are seriously hindered by the small number of stars inside the gravitational influence region of the bh. the aim of this letter is to establish an upper dynamical limit on the mass of the putative bh in the ursa minor ( umi ) dsph galaxy. we present direct n - body simulations of the tidal disruption of the dynamical fossil observed in umi, with and without a massive bh. we find that the observed substructure is incompatible with the presence of a massive bh of ( 2 - 3 ) x10 ^ 4 msun within the core of umi. these limits are consistent with the extrapolation of the m _ { bh } - sigma relation to the m _ { bh } < 10 ^ 6 msun regime. we also show that the bh may be off - center with respect to the center of symmetry of the whole galaxy. | arxiv:0906.0951 |
we consider a combinatorial reconfiguration problem on a subclass of quadrangulations of surfaces called square - tiled surfaces. our elementary move is a shear in a cylinder that corresponds to a well - chosen sequence of diagonal flips that preserves the square - tiled properties. we conjecture that the connected components of this reconfiguration problem are in bijection with the connected components of the moduli space of quadratic differentials. we prove that the conjecture holds in the so - called hyperelliptic components of abelian square - tiled surfaces. more precisely, we show that any two such square - tiled surfaces of genus $ g $ can be connected by $ o ( g ) $ powers of cylinder shears. | arxiv:2501.15978 |
integrability of the string worldsheet theory in ads ( 5 ) x s ( 5 ) is related to the existence of a flat connection depending on the spectral parameter. the transfer matrix is the open - ended wilson line of this flat connection. we study the product of transfer matrices in the near - flat space expansion of the ads ( 5 ) x s ( 5 ) string theory in the pure spinor formalism. the natural operations on wilson lines with insertions are described in terms of r - and s - matrices satisfying a generalized classical yang - baxter equation. the formalism is especially transparent for infinite or closed wilson lines with simple gauge invariant insertions. | arxiv:0712.4278 |
generating useful network summaries is a challenging and important problem with several applications like sensemaking, visualization, and compression. however, most of the current work in this space do not take human feedback into account while generating summaries. consider an intelligence analysis scenario, where the analyst is exploring a similarity network between documents. the analyst can express her agreement / disagreement with the visualization of the network summary via iterative feedback, e. g. closing or moving documents ( " nodes " ) together. how can we use this feedback to improve the network summary quality? in this paper, we present netreact, a novel interactive network summarization algorithm which supports the visualization of networks induced by text corpora to perform sensemaking. netreact incorporates human feedback with reinforcement learning to summarize and visualize document networks. using scenarios from two datasets, we show how netreact is successful in generating high - quality summaries and visualizations that reveal hidden patterns better than other non - trivial baselines. | arxiv:2012.11821 |
convolutional sparse coding ( csc ) has been popularly used for the learning of shift - invariant dictionaries in image and signal processing. however, existing methods have limited scalability. in this paper, instead of convolving with a dictionary shared by all samples, we propose the use of a sample - dependent dictionary in which filters are obtained as linear combinations of a small set of base filters learned from the data. this added flexibility allows a large number of sample - dependent patterns to be captured, while the resultant model can still be efficiently learned by online learning. extensive experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing csc algorithms with significantly reduced time and space requirements. | arxiv:1804.10366 |
we show fundamental properties of the markov semigroup of recently proposed mcmc algorithms based on piecewise - deterministic markov processes ( pdmps ) such as the bouncy particle sampler, the zig - zag process or the randomized hamiltonian monte carlo method. under assumptions typically satisfied in mcmc settings, we prove that pdmps are feller and that their generator admits the space of infinitely differentiable functions with compact support as a core. as we illustrate via martingale problems and a simplified proof of the invariance of target distributions, these results provide a fundamental tool for the rigorous analysis of these algorithms and corresponding stochastic processes. | arxiv:1910.11429 |
in this work we calibrate two different analytic models of semilocal strings by constraining the values of their free parameters. in order to do so, we use data obtained from the largest and most accurate field theory simulations of semilocal strings to date, and compare several key properties with the predictions of the models. as this is still work in progress, we present some preliminary results together with descriptions of the methodology we are using in the characterisation of semilocal string networks. | arxiv:1412.0432 |
in this paper, we present a new approach to the construction of mellin - barnes representations for feynman integrals inspired by the method of brackets. the novel technique is helpful to lower the dimensionality of mellin - barnes representations in complicated cases, some examples are given. | arxiv:1706.09852 |
we theoretically study light propagation in guided bloch surface waves ( bsws ) supported by photonic crystal ridges. we demonstrate that low propagation losses can be achieved just by a proper design of the multilayer to obtain photonic band gaps for both light polarizations. we present a design strategy based on a fourier analysis that allows one to obtain intrinsic losses as low as 5 db / km for a structure operating in the visible spectral range. these results clarify the limiting factors to light propagation in guided bsws and represent a fundamental step towards the development of bsw - based integrated optical platforms. | arxiv:2010.10840 |
for any mv - algebra $ a $ we equip the set $ i ( a ) $ of intervals in $ a $ with pointwise \ l ukasiewicz negation $ \ neg x = \ { \ neg \ alpha \ mid \ alpha \ in x \ } $, ( truncated ) minkowski sum, $ x \ oplus y = \ { \ alpha \ oplus \ beta \ mid \ alpha \ in x, \, \, \ beta \ in y \ } $, pointwise \ l ukasiewicz conjunction $ x \ odot y = \ neg ( \ neg x \ oplus \ neg y ) $, the operators $ \ delta x = [ \ min x, \ min x ] $, $ \ nabla x = [ \ max x, \ max x ] $, and distinguished constants $ 0 = [ 0, 0 ], \, \, 1 = [ 1, 1 ], \, \, \, \ mathsf { i } = a $. we list a few equations satisfied by the algebra $ \ mathcal i ( a ) = ( i ( a ), 0, 1, \ mathsf { i }, \ neg, \ delta, \ nabla, \ oplus, \ odot ) $, call imv - algebra every model ofthese equations, and show that, conversely, every imv - algebra is isomorphic to the imv - algebra $ \ mathcal i ( b ) $ of all intervals in some mv - algebra $ b $. we show that imv - algebras are categorically equivalent to mv - algebras, and give a representation of free imv - algebras. we construct \ l ukasiewicz interval logic, with its conp - complete consequence relation, which we prove to be complete for $ \ mathcal i ( [ 0, 1 ] ) $ - valuations. for any class $ \ mathsf { q } $ of partially ordered algebras with operations that are monotone or antimonotone in each variable, we consider the generalization $ \ mathcal i _ { \ mathsf { q } } $ of the mv - algebraic functor $ \ mathcal i $, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for $ \ mathcal i _ { \ mathsf { q } } $ to be a categorical equivalence. these conditions are satisfied, e. g., by all subquasivarieties of | arxiv:1403.0932 |
we initiate the study of metric embeddings with \ emph { outliers }. given some metric space $ ( x, \ rho ) $ we wish to find a small set of outlier points $ k \ subset x $ and either an isometric or a low - distortion embedding of $ ( x \ setminus k, \ rho ) $ into some target metric space. this is a natural problem that captures scenarios where a small fraction of points in the input corresponds to noise. for the case of isometric embeddings we derive polynomial - time approximation algorithms for minimizing the number of outliers when the target space is an ultrametric, a tree metric, or constant - dimensional euclidean space. the approximation factors are 3, 4 and 2, respectively. for the case of embedding into an ultrametric or tree metric, we further improve the running time to $ o ( n ^ 2 ) $ for an $ n $ - point input metric space, which is optimal. we complement these upper bounds by showing that outlier embedding into ultrametrics, trees, and $ d $ - dimensional euclidean space for any $ d \ geq 2 $ are all np - hard, as well as np - hard to approximate within a factor better than 2 assuming the unique game conjecture. for the case of non - isometries we consider embeddings with small $ \ ell _ { \ infty } $ distortion. we present polynomial - time \ emph { bi - criteria } approximation algorithms. specifically, given some $ \ epsilon > 0 $, let $ k _ \ epsilon $ denote the minimum number of outliers required to obtain an embedding with distortion $ \ epsilon $. for the case of embedding into ultrametrics we obtain a polynomial - time algorithm which computes a set of at most $ 3k _ { \ epsilon } $ outliers and an embedding of the remaining points into an ultrametric with distortion $ o ( \ epsilon \ log n ) $. for embedding a metric of unit diameter into constant - dimensional euclidean space we present a polynomial - time algorithm which computes a set of at most $ 2k _ { \ epsilon } $ outliers and an embedding of the remaining points with distortion $ o ( \ sqrt { \ epsilon } ) $. | arxiv:1508.03600 |
electron spin dynamics in inas / gaas heterostructures consisting of a single layer of inas ( 1 / 3 $ \ sim $ 1 monolayer ) embeded in ( 001 ) and ( 311 ) a gaas matrix was studied by means of time - resolved kerr rotation spectroscopy. the spin relaxation time of the sub - monolayer inas samples is significantly enhanced, compared with that of the monolayer inas sample. we attributed the slowing of the spin relaxation to dimensionally constrained d \ textquoteright { } yakonov - perel \ textquoteright { } mechanism in the motional narrowing regime. the electron spin relaxation time and the effective g - factor in sub - monolayer samples were found to be strongly dependent on the photon - generated carrier density. the contribution from both d \ textquoteright { } yakonov - perel \ textquoteright { } mechanism and bir - aronov - pikus mechanism were discussed to interpret the temperature dependence of spin decoherence at various carrier densities. | arxiv:0902.0484 |
we extend bourke and garner ' s idempotent adjunction between monads and pretheories to the framework of $ \ infty $ - categories and we use this to prove many classical results about monads in the $ \ infty $ - categorical framework. amongst other things, we show that the category of algebras for an accessible monads on a locally presentable $ \ infty $ - category $ \ mathcal { e } $ is again locally presentable, and that a diagram of accessible monads on a locally presentable $ \ infty $ - category admits a colimit. our results also provide a new and simpler way to construct and describe monads in terms of theories. | arxiv:2106.02706 |
in this paper, the hermite polynomials are employed to study linear approximation models of narrowband multiantenna signal reception ( i. e., mimo ) with low - resolution quantizations. this study results in a novel linear approximation using the second - order hermite expansion ( sohe ). the sohe model is not based on those assumptions often used in existing linear approximations. instead, the quantization distortion is characterized by the second - order hermite kernel, and the signal term is characterized by the first - order hermite kernel. it is shown that the sohe model can explain almost all phenomena and characteristics observed so far in the low - resolution mimo signal reception. when the sohe model is employed to analyze the linear minimum - mean - square - error ( lmmse ) channel equalizer, it is revealed that the current lmmse algorithm can be enhanced by incorporating a symbol - level normalization mechanism. the performance of the enhanced lmmse algorithm is demonstrated through computer simulations for narrowband mimo systems in rayleigh fading channels. | arxiv:2109.05334 |
multi - conjugate adaptive optics systems based on sodium laser guide stars may exploit natural guide stars to solve intrinsic limitations of artificial beacons ( tip - tilt indetermination and anisoplanatism ) and to mitigate the impact of the sodium layer structure and variability. the sodium layer may also have transverse structures leading to differential effects among laser guide stars. starting from the analysis of the input perturbations related to the sodium layer variability, modeled directly on measured sodium layer profiles, we analyze, through a simplified end - to - end simulation code, the impact of the low / medium orders induced on global performance of the european extremely large telescope multi - conjugate adaptive optics module maory. | arxiv:1501.02096 |
we have calculated the explicit form of the real and imaginary parts of the effective potential for uniform magnetic fields which interact with spin - 1 / 2 fermions through the pauli interaction. it is found that the non - vanishing imaginary part develops for a magnetic field stronger than a critical field, whose strength is the ratio of the fermion mass to its magnetic moment. this implies the instability of the uniform magnetic field beyond the critical field strength to produce fermion pairs with the production rate density $ w ( x ) = \ frac { m ^ { 4 } } { 24 \ pi } ( \ frac { | \ mu b | } { m } - 1 ) ^ { 3 } ( \ frac { | \ mu b | } { m } + 3 ) $ in the presence of pauli interaction. | arxiv:hep-th/0611134 |
we study the renormalization group flow equations for correlation functions of weakly coupled quantum field theories in ads. taking the limit where the external points approach the conformal boundary, we obtain a flow of conformally invariant correlation functions. we solve the flow for one - and two - point functions and show that the corrections to the conformal dimensions can be obtained as an integral over the mellin amplitude of the four - point function. we also derive the flow of the mellin amplitude for higher $ n $ - point functions. we then consider the flows at tree level and one loop ( in ads ), and show that one obtains exactly the recursion relations for the corresponding mellin amplitudes derived earlier by fitzpatrick et al. [ arxiv : 1107. 1499 ] at tree level and yuan [ arxiv : 1710. 01361, arxiv : 1801. 07283 ] at one loop. as an application, we furthermore compute one - loop corrections to the conformal dimensions for some operators in the cft dual to an $ \ mathrm { o } ( n ) $ scalar model in ads. | arxiv:2205.15247 |
this paper presents a novel end - to - end methodology for enabling the deployment of low - error deep networks on microcontrollers. to fit the memory and computational limitations of resource - constrained edge - devices, we exploit mixed low - bitwidth compression, featuring 8, 4 or 2 - bit uniform quantization, and we model the inference graph with integer - only operations. our approach aims at determining the minimum bit precision of every activation and weight tensor given the memory constraints of a device. this is achieved through a rule - based iterative procedure, which cuts the number of bits of the most memory - demanding layers, aiming at meeting the memory constraints. after a quantization - aware retraining step, the fake - quantized graph is converted into an inference integer - only model by inserting the integer channel - normalization ( icn ) layers, which introduce a negligible loss as demonstrated on int4 mobilenetv1 models. we report the latency - accuracy evaluation of mixed - precision mobilenetv1 family networks on a stm32h7 microcontroller. our experimental results demonstrate an end - to - end deployment of an integer - only mobilenet network with top1 accuracy of 68 % on a device with only 2mb of flash memory and 512kb of ram, improving by 8 % the top1 accuracy with respect to previously published 8 bit implementations for microcontrollers. | arxiv:1905.13082 |
we study simple models of intermittency, involving switching between two states, within the dynamical large - deviation formalism. singularities appear in the formalism when switching is cooperative, or when its basic timescale diverges. in the first case the unbiased trajectory distribution undergoes a symmetry breaking, leading to a change of shape of the large - deviation rate function for a particular dynamical observable. in the second case the symmetry of the unbiased trajectory distribution remains unbroken. comparison of these models suggests that singularities of the dynamical large - deviation formalism can signal the dynamical equivalent of an equilibrium phase transition, but do not necessarily do so. | arxiv:1712.01837 |
flawed tls certificates are not uncommon on the internet. while they signal a potential issue, in most cases they have benign causes ( e. g., misconfiguration or even deliberate deployment ). this adds fuzziness to the decision on whether to trust a connection or not. little is known about perceptions of flawed certificates by it professionals, even though their decisions impact high numbers of end users. moreover, it is unclear how much the content of error messages and documentation influences these perceptions. to shed light on these issues, we observed 75 attendees of an industrial it conference investigating different certificate validation errors. we also analyzed the influence of reworded error messages and redesigned documentation. we find that people working in it have very nuanced opinions, with trust decisions being far from binary. the self - signed and the name - constrained certificates seem to be over - trusted ( the latter also being poorly understood ). we show that even small changes in existing error messages can positively influence resource use, comprehension, and trust assessment. at the end of the article, we summarize lessons learned from conducting usable security studies with it professionals. | arxiv:2207.11610 |
we present a new analysis of the expected magnetospheric radio emission from extrasolar giant planets for a distance limited sample of the nearest known extrasolar planets. using recent results on the correlation between stellar x - ray flux and mass - loss rates from nearby stars, we estimate the expected mass - loss rates of the host stars of extrasolar planets that lie within 20pc of the earth. we find that some of the host stars have mass - loss rates that are more than 100 times that of the sun, and given the expected dependence of the planetary magnetospheric radio flux on stellar wind properties this has a very substantial effect. using these results and extrapolations of the likely magnetic properties of the extrasolar planets we infer their likely radio properties. we compile a list of the most promising radio targets, and conclude that the planets orbiting tau bootes, gliese 86, upsilon andromeda and hd1237 ( as well as hd179949 ) are the most promising candidates, with expected flux levels that should be detectable in the near future with upcoming telescope arrays. the expected emission peak from these candidate radio emitting planets is typically \ ~ 40 - 50 mhz. we also discuss a range of observational considerations for detecting extrasolar giant planets. | arxiv:astro-ph/0410600 |
in this thesis, we present a novel method combining energy - based finite - size scaling with tensor network renormalization ( tnr ) to study phase transitions in lattice models. this approach effectively calculates running coupling constants and reduces the numerical errors typically associated with tnr, thus requiring fewer renormalization group ( rg ) steps and less computational resources. our methodology, contrasting with traditional methods, doesn ' t depend on large system sizes, making it efficient and robust against simulation scale challenges. we also explore the origins of numerical errors in tnr from a field - theoretical perspective, focusing on how these errors scale with the approximation parameter $ d $. this understanding is crucial for error management in simulations. moreover, we investigate the tensor structure of fixed points in lattice models, addressing challenges from finite bond dimensions using an analytical approach involving conformal mappings. we discover that the tensor elements of fixed - point tensors align with four - point functions of primary operators in conformal field theory ( cft ), demonstrating a significant link between cft and lattice models. this finding underscores the universality of non - trivial infrared physics at the lattice level, bridging theoretical concepts with practical computations in lattice models, and offering deeper insights into the universal aspects of critical phenomena. | arxiv:2401.18068 |
we study the relationship between jet power and accretion for fermi and non - fermi blazars, respectively. we also compare the relevant parameter between them. our main results are as follows. ( i ) fermi and non - fermi blazars have significant difference in redshift, black hole mass, and broad line luminosity. ( ii ) fermi blazars have higher average core - dominance parameter than non - fermi blazars, which suggests that fermi blazars have strong beaming effect. ( iii ) we find significant correlation between broad line emission and jet power for fermi and non - fermi blazars, respectively, which suggests a direct tight connection between jet and accretion. ( iv ) the accretion and black hole mass may have a different contribution to jet power for fermi and non - fermi blazars, respectively. | arxiv:1503.08425 |
we present a measurement of the branching ratio of the cp violating decay kl - > pi + pi - performed by the kloe experiment at the phi factory dafne. we use 328 pb - 1 of data collected in 2001 and 2002, corresponding to ~ 150 million tagged kl mesons. we find br ( kl - > pi + pi - ) = $ ( 1. 963 + / - 0. 012 + / - 0. 017 ) x 10 ^ - 3. this branching ratio measurement is fully inclusive of final - state radiation. using the above result, we determine the modulus of the amplitude ratio | \ eta _ { + - } | to be ( 2. 219 + / - 0. 013 ) x 10 ^ { - 3 } and | \ epsilon | to be ( 2. 216 + / - 0. 013 ) x 10 ^ { - 3 }. | arxiv:hep-ex/0603041 |
matter falling into a schwarzschild - ads black hole from the left causes increased focussing of ingoing geodesics from the right, and, as a consequence, they reach the singularity sooner. in a standard penrose diagram, the singularity " bends down ". we show how to detect this feature of the singularity holographically, using a boundary two - point function. we model the matter with a shock wave, and show that this bending down of the singularity can be read off from a novel analytic continuation of the boundary two - point function. along the way, we obtain a generalization of the recently proposed thermal product formula for two - point correlators. | arxiv:2310.03076 |
in this paper we report on the observation of very high and narrow magnetoconductance peaks which we attribute to the transition to quantum hall ferromagnet ( qhfm ) state occurring at the edges of the sample. we show that the expected spatial degeneracy of chiral edge channels is spontaneously lifted in agreement with theoretical studies performed within the hartree - fock approximation. we indicate also that separated edge currents which flow in parallel, may nevertheless cross at certain points, giving rise to the formation of topological defects or one - dimensional magnetic domains. furthermore, we find that such local crossing of chiral channels can be induced on demand by coupling spin states of a landau level to different current terminals and applying a dc source - drain voltage. | arxiv:1804.03386 |
the subject of this work is the formation of black holes in pure general relativity, by the focusing of incoming gravitational waves. the theorems established in this monograph constitute the first foray into the long time dynamics of general relativity in the large, that is, when the initial data are no longer confined to a suitably small neighborhood of minkowskian data. the theorems are general, no symmetry conditions on the initial data being imposed. | arxiv:0805.3880 |
the recent excess in diphoton events around 750 gev seen by the atlas and cms experiments could be hinting at the existence of new vector - like charged matter around the tev scale which couples to a singlet. such a spectrum of exotics arises inevitably in certain classes of f - theory guts with hypercharge flux when the gut symmetry is extended by a u ( 1 ) symmetry under which the higgs fields of the mssm are not vector - like. the exotics are not vector - like under the u ( 1 ) symmetry and therefore their mass is naturally related to its breaking scale. previously this scale was taken to be close to the gut scale which led to tension with proton decay, the $ \ mu $ - term magnitude, and too large r - parity violation. the 750 gev excess provides new motivation for considering breaking the u ( 1 ) around the tev scale, which additionally alleviates the previous problems. we study the possible tev - scale spectrum in such an su ( 5 ) gut scenario and show that it is constrained and predictive. gauge coupling unification can be retained at the accuracy of the mssm at one loop even though typically the spectrum does not form complete gut representations. for example the exotics cannot form a complete 10 multiplet but nonetheless happen to behave as one in the beta functions. we present an initial analysis of the diphoton production rates for the exotics spectra and find them compatible with data. | arxiv:1601.00285 |
large language models ( llms ) pose significant privacy risks, potentially leaking training data due to implicit memorization. existing privacy attacks primarily focus on membership inference attacks ( mias ) or data extraction attacks, but reconstructing specific personally identifiable information ( pii ) in llm ' s training data remains challenging. in this paper, we propose r. r. ( recollect and rank ), a novel two - step privacy stealing attack that enables attackers to reconstruct pii entities from scrubbed training data where the pii entities have been masked. in the first stage, we introduce a prompt paradigm named recollection, which instructs the llm to repeat a masked text but fill in masks. then we can use pii identifiers to extract recollected pii candidates. in the second stage, we design a new criterion to score each pii candidate and rank them. motivated by membership inference, we leverage the reference model as a calibration to our criterion. experiments across three popular pii datasets demonstrate that the r. r. achieves better pii identical performance compared to baselines. these results highlight the vulnerability of llms to pii leakage even when training data has been scrubbed. we release the replicate package of r. r. at a link. | arxiv:2502.12658 |
nearly all 6d superconformal field theories ( scfts ) have a partial tensor branch description in terms of a generalized quiver gauge theory consisting of a long one - dimensional spine of quiver nodes with links given by conformal matter ; a strongly coupled generalization of a bifundamental hypermultiplet. for theories obtained from m5 - branes probing an ade singularity, this was recently leveraged to extract a protected large r - charge subsector of operators, with operator mixing controlled at leading order in an inverse large r - charge expansion by an integrable spin $ s $ heisenberg spin chain, where $ s $ is determined by the $ \ mathfrak { su } ( 2 ) _ { r } $ r - symmetry representation of the conformal matter operator. in this work, we show that this same structure extends to the full superconformal algebra $ \ mathfrak { osp } ( 6, 2 | 1 ) $. in particular, we determine the corresponding bethe ansatz equations which govern this super - spin chain, as well as distinguished subsectors which close under operator mixing. similar considerations extend to 6d little string theories ( lsts ) and 4d $ \ mathcal { n } = 2 $ scfts with the same generalized quiver structures. | arxiv:2208.02272 |
in this paper, we discuss the inclusive production of hadrons in the framework of cgc / saturation approach. we argue, that the gluon jet inclusive production stems from the vicinity of the saturation momentum, even for small values of the transverse momenta $ p _ t $. since in this region, theoretically, we know the scattering amplitude, we claim that we can provide reliable estimates for this process. we demonstrate, that in a widely accepted model for confinement, to describe the experimental data, we require a thermal radiation term. in this model the parton ( quark or gluon ) with the transverse momenta of the order of $ q _ s $ decays into hadrons with the given fragmentation functions. however, we show that other approaches for the confinement could describe the data, without a need for the thermal emission | arxiv:1902.07923 |
the development of qoe models by means of machine learning ( ml ) is challenging, amongst others due to small - size datasets, lack of diversity in user profiles in the source domain, and too much diversity in the target domains of qoe models. furthermore, datasets can be hard to share between research entities, as the machine learning models and the collected user data from the user studies may be ipr - or gdpr - sensitive. this makes a decentralized learning - based framework appealing for sharing and aggregating learned knowledge in - between the local models that map the obtained metrics to the user qoe, such as mean opinion scores ( mos ). in this paper, we present a transfer learning - based ml model training approach, which allows decentralized local models to share generic indicators on mos to learn a generic base model, and then customize the generic base model further using additional features that are unique to those specific localized ( and potentially sensitive ) qoe nodes. we show that the proposed approach is agnostic to specific ml algorithms, stacked upon each other, as it does not necessitate the collaborating localized nodes to run the same ml algorithm. our reproducible results reveal the advantages of stacking various generic and specific models with corresponding weight factors. moreover, we identify the optimal combination of algorithms and weight factors for the corresponding localized qoe nodes. | arxiv:2003.08730 |
programmatic hyperparamter optimization ( hpo ) methods, such as bayesian optimization and evolutionary algorithms, show high sampling efficiency in finding optimal hyperparameter configurations in development of machine learning ( ml ) models. yet, practitioners often use less sample - efficient hpo methods, such as grid search, which often results in under - optimized ml models. as a reason for this behavior, we suspect practitioners choose hpo methods based on different motives. practitioner motives, however, still need to be clarified to enhance user - centered development of hpo tools. to uncover practitioner motives to use different hpo methods, we conducted 20 semi - structured interviews and an online questionnaire with 49 ml experts. by presenting main goals ( e. g., increase ml model understanding ) and contextual factors affecting practitioners ' selection of hpo methods ( e. g., available computer resources ), this study offers a conceptual foundation to better understand why practitioners use different hpo methods, supporting design of more user - centered and context - adaptive hpo tools in automated ml. | arxiv:2203.01717 |
the mass shift a spin - 1 particle moving in the nuclear medium will depend on its polarization direction. to study polarization - independent mass shifts in the medium, we explore methods to isolate each polarization direction of spin - 1 mesons through the angular - dependent two - body decay modes. specifically, we study $ \ phi \ to k ^ { + } k ^ { - } $, $ \ rho \ to \ pi \ pi $, $ k ^ { * } \ to k \ pi $, $ \ phi \ to e ^ { + } e ^ { - } $ and $ k _ { 1 } \ to \ rho k ( k ^ { * } \ pi ) $ decays. while each polarization mode can be isolated through angular dependencies, accomplishing the decomposition for the $ k _ 1 $ meson further requires measuring the polarization of the $ \ rho ( k ^ * ) $ meson. concerning $ k ^ { * } $ and $ k _ 1 $ mesons, since both particles have vacuum widths smaller than 100 mev, they are ideal candidates for experimentally measuring chiral partners. the simultaneous observation of mass shifts of these chiral partners would provide valuable insights into the contribution of chiral symmetry breaking to the generation of hadron masses. | arxiv:2410.00489 |
it has long been recognized that the key to unlocking the mystery of cuprate high - tc superconductivity lies in understanding the anomalous normal state from which pairs form and condense. while many of its defining properties have been identified, they are often considered either at a singular doping level or as an isolated phenomenon as a function of doping. as a result, their relation to each other and to the pseudogap ( pg ), strange metal ( sm ) and non - superconducting ( non - sc ) regimes that define the cuprate phase diagram has yet to be elucidated. here, we report a high - field in - plane mr study on several cuprate families spanning all 3 regimes that reveal a complex yet nonetheless systematic evolution of the form of the mr, with each regime possessing its own distinct scaling behavior. in the pg regime, the mr exhibits pure h / t ^ 2 scaling at low fields and h - linearity at the highest field strengths. while the h - linearity persists inside the sm regime, the scaling changes abruptly to h / t. the size of the h - linear slope, meanwhile, is found to be correlated with both the t - linear resistivity coefficient and tc, strengthening the characterization of the sm regime as a quantum critical phase. we interpret the omnipresence of h - linear mr across both regimes as a signature of highly anisotropic, possibly discontinuous features on the fermi surface. finally, within the non - sc, fermi - liquid regime, we observe a recovery of conventional kohler scaling. this comprehensive study establishes the distinct nature of the magnetotransport within each regime and identifies power - law scaling of the normal state mr as a defining feature of sc hole - doped cuprates. the incompatibility of such power - law scaling with any known variant of boltzmann transport theory motivates the quest for an altogether new theoretical framework, one in which the mr is entirely decoupled from elastic impurity scattering. | arxiv:2203.04867 |
recent experiments with superconducting qubits are motivated by the goal of fabricating a quantum computer, but at the same time they illuminate the more fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. in this paper we analyze the physics of switching current measurements from the point of view of macroscopic quantum mechanics. | arxiv:0806.2524 |
even though architectural modelling radically evolved over the course of its history, the current integration of augmented reality ( ar ) and virtual reality ( vr ) components in the corresponding design tasks is mostly limited to enhancing visualisation. little to none of these tools attempt to tackle the challenge of modelling within immersive environments, that calls for new input modalities in order to move away from the traditional mouse and keyboard combination. in fact, relying on 2d devices for 3d manipulations does not seem to be effective as it does not offer the same degrees of freedom. we therefore present a solution that brings vr modelling capabilities to grasshopper, a popular parametric design tool. together with its associated proof - of - concept application, our extension offers a glimpse at new perspectives in that field. by taking advantage of them, one can edit geometries with real - time feedback on the generated models, without ever leaving the virtual environment. the distinctive characteristics of vr applications provide a range of benefits without obstructing design activities. the designer can indeed experience the architectural models at full scale from a realistic point - of - view and truly feels immersed right next to them. | arxiv:1906.05532 |
homeostasis is a biological process by which living beings maintain their internal balance. previous research suggests that homeostasis is a learned behaviour. recently introduced homeostatic regulated reinforcement learning ( hrrl ) framework attempts to explain this learned homeostatic behavior by linking drive reduction theory and reinforcement learning. this linkage has been proven in the discrete time - space, but not in the continuous time - space. in this work, we advance the hrrl framework to a continuous time - space environment and validate the ctcs - hrrl ( continuous time continuous space hrrl ) framework. we achieve this by designing a model that mimics the homeostatic mechanisms in a real - world biological agent. this model uses the hamilton - jacobian bellman equation, and function approximation based on neural networks and reinforcement learning. through a simulation - based experiment we demonstrate the efficacy of this model and uncover the evidence linked to the agent ' s ability to dynamically choose policies that favor homeostasis in a continuously changing internal - state milieu. results of our experiments demonstrate that agent learns homeostatic behaviour in a ctcs environment, making ctcs - hrrl a promising framework for modellng animal dynamics and decision - making. | arxiv:2401.08999 |
lufe $ _ 4 $ ge $ _ 2 $ crystallizes in the zrfe $ _ 4 $ si $ _ 2 $ - type structure, hosting chains of fe - tetrahedra giving rise to geometric frustration and low - dimensionality. the compound orders antiferromagnetically at around 36 k accompanied by a simultaneous structural transition from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic phase. the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the magnetic and structural transitions is investigated using electrical - transport, ac magnetic - susceptibility, ac calorimetry, m $ \ ddot { \ rm o } $ ssbauer, muon - spin relaxation ( $ \ mu $ sr ), and x - ray diffraction measurements. external pressure suppresses the first - order transition to the antiferromagnetic phase ( afm1 ) around 1. 8 gpa. the structural transition is largely unaffected by pressure and remains between 30 to 35 k for pressures up to 2 gpa. a second antiferromagnetic phase ( afm2 ) is observed at higher pressures. the transition from the paramagnetic to the afm2 phase is of second - order nature and appears to be connected to the structural transition. the magnetic volume fraction obtained from $ \ mu $ sr and m $ \ ddot { \ rm o } $ ssbauer measurements reveal that the entire sample undergoes magnetic ordering in both magnetic phases. in addition, similar low - temperature muon - precession frequencies in afm1 and afm2 phases point at similar ordered moments and magnetic structures in both phases. our results further indicate enhanced magnetic fluctuations in the pressure induced afm2 phase. the experimental observations together with density functional theory calculations suggest that the magnetic and structural order parameters in lufe $ _ 4 $ ge $ _ 2 $ are linked by magnetic frustration, causing the simultaneous magneto - structural transition. | arxiv:2301.04596 |
our food preferences guide our food choices and in turn affect our personal health and our social life. in this paper, we adopt an approach using a domain ontology expressed in owl2 to support the acquisition and representation of preferences in formalism cp - net. specifically, we present the construction of the domain ontology and questionnaire design to acquire and represent the preferences. the acquisition and representation of preferences are implemented in the field of university canteen. our main contribution in this preliminary work is to acquire preferences and enrich the model preferably with domain knowledge represented in the ontology. | arxiv:2201.03824 |
the privacy risks of machine learning models is a major concern when training them on sensitive and personal data. we discuss the tradeoffs between data privacy and the remaining goals of trustworthy machine learning ( notably, fairness, robustness, and explainability ). | arxiv:2209.06529 |
local three - dimensional shearing box simulations of the compressible coupled dust - gas equations are used in the fluid approximation to study the evolution of different initial vortex configurations in a protoplanetary disc and their dust - trapping capabilities. the initial conditions for the gas are derived from an analytic solution to the compressible euler equation and the continuity equation. the solution is valid if there is a vacuum outside the vortex. in the simulations the vortex is either embedded in a hot corona, or it is extended in a cylindrical fashion in the vertical direction. both configurations are found to survive for at least one orbit and lead to accumulation of dust inside the vortex. this confirms earlier findings that dust accumulates in anticyclonic vortices, indicating that this is a viable mechanism for planetesimal formation. | arxiv:astro-ph/0310059 |
we report progress in constructing boltzmann weights for integrable 3 - dimensional lattice spin models. we show that a large class of vertex solutions to the modified tetrahedron equation can be conveniently parameterized in terms of n - th roots of theta - functions on the jacobian of a compact algebraic curve. fay ' s identity guarantees the fermat relations and the classical equations of motion for the parameters determining the boltzmann weights. our parameterization allows to write a simple formula for fused boltzmann weights r which describe the partition function of an arbitrary open box and which also obey the modified tetrahedron equation. imposing periodic boundary conditions we observe that the r satisfy the normal tetrahedron equation. the scheme described contains the zamolodchikov - baxter - bazhanov model and the chessboard model as special cases. | arxiv:nlin/0305031 |
we consider the problem of testing whether a boolean function has fourier degree $ \ leq k $ or it is $ \ epsilon $ - far from any boolean function with fourier degree $ \ leq k $. we improve the known lower bound of $ \ omega ( k ) $ \ cite { bbm11, cgm10 }, to $ \ omega ( k / \ sqrt { \ epsilon } ) $. the lower bound uses the recently discovered connections between property testing and communication complexity by blais \ textit { et. al. } \ cite { bbm11 } | arxiv:1202.3479 |
in this paper, we outline a model of graph ( or network ) dynamics based on two ingredients. the first ingredient is a markov chain on the space of possible graphs. the second ingredient is a semi - markov counting process of renewal type. the model consists in subordinating the markov chain to the semi - markov counting process. in simple words, this means that the chain transitions occur at random time instants called epochs. the model is quite rich and its possible connections with algebraic geometry are briefly discussed. moreover, for the sake of simplicity, we focus on the space of undirected graphs with a fixed number of nodes. however, in an example, we present an interbank market model where it is meaningful to use directed graphs or even weighted graphs. | arxiv:1105.2137 |
this article is about hyperelastic deformations of plates ( planar domains ) which minimize a neohookean type energy. particularly, we investigate a stored energy functional introduced by j. m. ball in his seminal paper " global invertibility of sobolev functions and the interpenetration of matter ". the mappings under consideration are sobolev homeomorphisms and their weak limits. they are monotone in the sense of c. b. morrey. one major advantage of adopting monotone sobolev mappings lies in the existence of the energy - minimal deformations. however, injectivity is inevitably lost, so an obvious question to ask is : what are the largest subsets of the reference configuration on which minimal deformations remain injective? the fact that such subsets have full measure should be compared with the notion of global invertibility which deals with subsets of the deformed configuration instead. in this connection we present a cantor type construction to show that both the branch set and its image may have positive area. another novelty of our approach lies in allowing the elastic deformations be free along the boundary, known as frictionless problems. | arxiv:2004.03381 |
from numerical simulations of the einstein equations, and also from gravitational wave observations, the gravitational wave signal from a binary black hole merger is seen to be simple and to possess certain universal features. the simplicity is somewhat surprising given that non - linearities of general relativity are thought to play an important role at the merger. the universal features include an increasing amplitude as we approach the merger, where transition from an oscillatory to a damped regime occurs in a pattern apparently oblivious to the initial conditions. we propose an airy - function pattern to model the binary black hole ( bbh ) merger waveform, focusing on accounting for its simplicity and universality. we postulate that the relevant universal features are controlled by a physical mechanism involving : i ) a caustic phenomenon in a basic ` geometric optics ' approximation and, ii ) a diffraction over the caustic regularizing its divergence. universality of caustics and their diffraction patterns account for the observed universal features, as in optical phenomena such as rainbows. this postulate, if true, allows us to borrow mathematical techniques from singularity ( catastrophe ) theory, in particular arnol ' d - thom ' s theorem, and to understand binary mergers in terms of fold caustics. the diffraction pattern corresponding to the fold - caustic is given in terms of the airy function, which leads ( under a ` uniform approximation ' ) to the waveform model written in terms of a parameterized airy function. the post - merger phase does not share the same features of simplicity and universality, and must be added separately. nevertheless, our proposal allows a smooth matching of the inspiral and post - merger signals by using the known asymptotics of the airy function. | arxiv:2206.02117 |
in response to calls for greater interdisciplinary involvement from the social sciences and humanities in the development, governance, and study of artificial intelligence systems, this paper presents one sociologist ' s view on the problem of algorithmic bias and the reproduction of societal bias. discussions of bias in ai cover much of the same conceptual terrain that sociologists studying inequality have long understood using more specific terms and theories. concerns over reproducing societal bias should be informed by an understanding of the ways that inequality is continually reproduced in society - - processes that ai systems are either complicit in, or can be designed to disrupt and counter. the contrast presented here is between conservative and radical approaches to ai, with conservatism referring to dominant tendencies that reproduce and strengthen the status quo, while radical approaches work to disrupt systemic forms of inequality. the limitations of conservative approaches to class, gender, and racial bias are discussed as specific examples, along with the social structures and processes that biases in these areas are linked to. societal issues can no longer be out of scope for ai and machine learning, given the impact of these systems on human lives. this requires engagement with a growing body of critical ai scholarship that goes beyond biased data to analyze structured ways of perpetuating inequality, opening up the possibility for radical alternatives. | arxiv:2007.08666 |
( an updated version of this manuscript has been accepted to scientific reports in 2016, please refer to http : / / www. nature. com / articles / srep31900 ) the highly anticipated transition from next generation sequencing ( ngs ) to third generation sequencing ( 3gs ) has been difficult primarily due to high error rates and excessive sequencing cost. the high error rates make the assembly of long erroneous reads of large genomes challenging because existing software solutions are often overwhelmed by error correction tasks. here we report a hybrid assembly approach that simultaneously utilizes ngs and 3gs data to address both issues. we gain advantages from three general and basic design principles : ( i ) compact representation of the long reads lead to efficient alignments. ( ii ) base - level errors can be skipped ; structural errors need to be detected and corrected. ( iii ) structurally correct 3gs reads are assembled and polished. in our implementation, preassembled ngs contigs are used to derive the compact representation of the long reads, which established an algorithmic conversion from a de bruijn graph to an overlap graph, the two major assembly paradigms. moreover, since ngs and 3gs data can compensate each other, our hybrid assembly approach reduces both of their sequencing requirements. experiments show that our software is able to assemble mammalian - sized genomes orders of magnitude more efficiently in time than existing methods, while saving about half of the sequencing cost. | arxiv:1410.2801 |
users interacting with voice assistants today need to phrase their requests in a very specific manner to elicit an appropriate response. this limits the user experience, and is partly due to the lack of reasoning capabilities of dialogue platforms and the hand - crafted rules that require extensive labor. one possible way to improve user experience and relieve the manual efforts of designers is to build an end - to - end dialogue system that can do reasoning itself while perceiving user ' s utterances. in this work, we propose a novel method to incorporate the knowledge reasoning capability into dialogue systems in a more scalable and generalizable manner. our proposed method allows a single transformer model to directly walk on a large - scale knowledge graph to generate responses. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to have transformer models generate responses by reasoning over differentiable knowledge graphs. we investigate the reasoning abilities of the proposed method on both task - oriented and domain - specific chit - chat dialogues. empirical results show that this method can effectively and efficiently incorporate a knowledge graph into a dialogue system with fully - interpretable reasoning paths. | arxiv:2203.10610 |
in this paper we retrace the recent history of statistics by analyzing all the papers published in five prestigious statistical journals since 1970, namely : annals of statistics, biometrika, journal of the american statistical association, journal of the royal statistical society, series b and statistical science. the aim is to construct a kind of " taxonomy " of the statistical papers by organizing and by clustering them in main themes. in this sense being identified in a cluster means being important enough to be uncluttered in the vast and interconnected world of the statistical research. since the main statistical research topics naturally born, evolve or die during time, we will also develop a dynamic clustering strategy, where a group in a time period is allowed to migrate or to merge into different groups in the following one. results show that statistics is a very dynamic and evolving science, stimulated by the rise of new research questions and types of data. | arxiv:1709.03563 |
##de { \ chi } _ { 1 } ^ { 0 } $. exclusion limits for additional benchmark scenarios with large and small mass - splitting between the $ \ tilde { \ chi } _ { 1 } ^ { \ pm } $ and the $ \ tilde { \ chi } _ { 1 } ^ { 0 } $ are also studied by varying the $ \ tilde { \ tau } _ { \ mathrm l } $ mass between the masses of the $ \ tilde { \ chi } _ { 1 } ^ { \ pm } $ and the $ \ tilde { \ chi } _ { 1 } ^ { 0 } $. | arxiv:1708.07875 |
it is challenging to coordinate multiple distributed energy resources in a single or multiple buildings to ensure efficient and flexible operation. advanced control algorithms such as model predictive control and reinforcement learning control provide solutions to this problem by effectively managing a distribution of distributed energy resource control tasks while adapting to unique building characteristics, and cooperating towards improving multi - objective key performance indicator. yet, a research gap for advanced control adoption is the ability to benchmark algorithm performance. citylearn addresses this gap an open - source gym environment for the easy implementation and benchmarking of simple rule - based control and advanced algorithms that has an advantage of modeling simplicity, multi - agent control, district - level objectives, and control resiliency assessment. here we demonstrate the functionalities of citylearn using 17 different building control problems that have varying complexity with respect to the number of controllable distributed energy resources in buildings, the simplicity of the control algorithm, the control objective, and district size. | arxiv:2408.15170 |
to every rational complex curve $ c \ subset ( \ mathbf { c } ^ \ times ) ^ n $ we associate a rational tropical curve $ \ gamma \ subset \ mathbf { r } ^ n $ so that the amoeba $ \ mathcal { a } ( c ) \ subset \ mathbf { r } ^ n $ of $ c $ is within a bounded distance from $ \ gamma $. in accordance with the terminology introduced by passare and rullg { \ aa } rd, we call $ \ gamma $ the spine of $ \ mathcal { a } ( c ) $. we use spines to describe tropical limits of sequences of rational complex curves. | arxiv:1906.04500 |
we investigate the impact of nonreciprocity on universality and critical phenomena in open quantum interacting many - body systems. nonreciprocal open quantum systems often have an exotic spectral sensitivity to boundary conditions, known as the liouvillian skin effect ( lse ). by considering an open quantum xxz spin chain that exhibits lse, we demonstrate the existence of a universal scaling regime that is not affected by the presence of the lse. we resolve the critical exponents, which differ from those of free fermions, via tensor network methods and demonstrate that observables exhibit a universal scaling collapse, irrespective of the reciprocity. we find that the lse only becomes relevant when a healing length scale $ \ xi _ { \ rm heal } $ at the system ' s edge ( which is different to the localization length of the eigenstate of the liouvillian ) exceeds the system size, allowing edge properties to dominate the physics. we expect this result to be a generic feature of nonreciprocal models in the vicinity of a critical point. the driven - dissipative quantum criticality we observe has no classical analogue and stems from the existence of multiple dark states. | arxiv:2307.03714 |
graph neural networks ( gnns ) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for embedding - based entity alignment due to their capability of identifying isomorphic subgraphs. however, in real knowledge graphs ( kgs ), the counterpart entities usually have non - isomorphic neighborhood structures, which easily causes gnns to yield different representations for them. to tackle this problem, we propose a new kg alignment network, namely alinet, aiming at mitigating the non - isomorphism of neighborhood structures in an end - to - end manner. as the direct neighbors of counterpart entities are usually dissimilar due to the schema heterogeneity, alinet introduces distant neighbors to expand the overlap between their neighborhood structures. it employs an attention mechanism to highlight helpful distant neighbors and reduce noises. then, it controls the aggregation of both direct and distant neighborhood information using a gating mechanism. we further propose a relation loss to refine entity representations. we perform thorough experiments with detailed ablation studies and analyses on five entity alignment datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of alinet. | arxiv:1911.08936 |
in this paper, we examined the zero - shot activity recognition task with the usage of videos. we introduce an auto - encoder based model to construct a multimodal joint embedding space between the visual and textual manifolds. on the visual side, we used activity videos and a state - of - the - art 3d convolutional action recognition network to extract the features. on the textual side, we worked with glove word embeddings. the zero - shot recognition results are evaluated by top - n accuracy. then, the manifold learning ability is measured by mean nearest neighbor overlap. in the end, we provide an extensive discussion over the results and the future directions. | arxiv:2002.02265 |
we prove that special ample line bundles on toric varieties arising from root systems are projectively normal. here the maximal cones of the fans correspond to the weyl chambers, and special means that the bundle is torus - equivariant such that the character of the line bundle that corresponds to a maximal weyl chamber is dominant with respect to that chamber. moreover, we prove that the associated semigroup rings are quadratic. | arxiv:1102.4083 |
in the gcse system in england and wales, science at gcse level is studied through biology, chemistry and physics. = = double award = = combined science results in two gcses. those with gcses in combined science can progress to a levels in all of the three natural science subjects. prior to this, around 1996, combined science gcses were available as an alternative to three separate sciences for many exam boards. combined science consists of either higher tier ( ht ) or foundation tier ( ft ) papers aqa offer two different specifications entitled synergy and trilogy. = = triple award = = triple award science, commonly referred to as triple science, results in three separate gcses in biology, chemistry and physics and provide the broadest coverage of the main three science subjects. the qualifications are offered by the five main awarding bodies in england ; aqa, edexcel, ocr, cie and eduqas. = = history = = in august 2018, ofqual announced that it had intervened to adjust the gcse science grade boundaries for students who had taken the " higher tier " paper in its new double award science exams and performed poorly, due to an excessive number of students in danger of receiving a grade of " u " or " unclassified ". = = criticisms = = in 2020, teach first published a report stating that only two female scientists, chemist and crystallographer rosalind franklin and paleoanthropologist mary leakey, were included in the gcse science curriculum, versus 40 male scientists who were named. the report argued that the lack of female role models in the science curriculum was perpetuating gender biases in the profession. = = references = = | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCSE_Science |
whole - system data provenance provides deep insight into the processing of data on a system, including detecting data integrity attacks. the downside to systems that collect whole - system data provenance is the sheer volume of data that is generated under many heavy workloads. in order to make provenance metadata useful, it must be stored somewhere where it can be queried. this problem becomes even more challenging when considering a network of provenance - aware machines all collecting this metadata. in this paper, we investigate the use of d4m and accumulo to support high - throughput data ingest of whole - system provenance data. we find that we are able to ingest 3, 970 graph components per second. centrally storing the provenance metadata allows us to build systems that can detect and respond to data integrity attacks that are captured by the provenance system. | arxiv:1608.03780 |
polynomial completeness results aim at characterizing those functions that are induced by polynomials. each polynomial function is congruence preserving, but the opposite need not be true. a finite algebraic structure $ \ mathbf { a } $ is called strictly 1 - affine complete if every unary partial function from a subset of $ a $ to $ a $ that preserves the congruences of $ \ mathbf { a } $ can be interpolated by a polynomial function of $ \ mathbf { a } $. the problem of characterizing strictly 1 - affine complete finite mal ' cev algebras is still open. in this paper we extend the characterization by e. aichinger and p. idziak of strictly 1 - affine complete expanded groups to finite congruence regular mal ' cev algebras. | arxiv:2309.04310 |
modeling various aspects that make a music piece unique is a challenging task, requiring the combination of multiple sources of information. deep learning is commonly used to obtain representations using various sources of information, such as the audio, interactions between users and songs, or associated genre metadata. recently, contrastive learning has led to representations that generalize better compared to traditional supervised methods. in this paper, we present a novel approach that combines multiple types of information related to music using cross - modal contrastive learning, allowing us to learn an audio feature from heterogeneous data simultaneously. we align the latent representations obtained from playlists - track interactions, genre metadata, and the tracks ' audio, by maximizing the agreement between these modality representations using a contrastive loss. we evaluate our approach in three tasks, namely, genre classification, playlist continuation and automatic tagging. we compare the performances with a baseline audio - based cnn trained to predict these modalities. we also study the importance of including multiple sources of information when training our embedding model. the results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the baseline in all the three downstream tasks and achieves comparable performance to the state - of - the - art. | arxiv:2104.00437 |
the microservices architectural approach has important benefits regarding the agile applications ' development and the delivery of complex solutions. however, to convey the information and share the data amongst services in a verifiable and stateless way, there is a need to enable appropriate access control methods and authorisations. in this paper, we study the use of policy - driven authorisations with independent fine - grained microservices in the case of a real - world machine - to - machine ( m2m ) scenario using a hybrid cloud - based infrastructure and internet of things ( iot ) services. we also model the authentication flows which facilitate the message exchanges between the involved entities, and we propose a containerised authorisation and policy - driven architecture ( capodaz ) using the microservices paradigm. the proposed architecture implements a policy - based management framework and integrates in an on - going work regarding a cloud - iot intelligent transportation service. for the in - depth quantitative evaluation, we treat multiple distributions of users ' populations and assess the proposed architecture against other similar microservices. the numerical results based on the experimental data show that there exists significant performance preponderance in terms of latency, throughput and successful requests. | arxiv:2004.10276 |
antisymmetric tensor fields with chiral couplings to quarks and leptons may induce spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking in a model without a ` ` fundamental ' ' higgs scalar. no microscopic local mass term for the chiral tensors or ` ` chirons ' ' is allowed by the symmetries and our model exhibits only dimensionless couplings. however, the chiral couplings are asymptotically free and therefore generate a mass scale where they grow large. we argue that at this scale mass terms for the chiral tensor fields are generated non - perturbatively - the chirons appear as new massive spin one particles. furthermore a scalar top - antitop condensate forms, giving mass to the weak gauge bosons and fermions. in this scenario the longstanding gauge hierarchy problem finds a solution similar to the mass generation in qcd. we compute the general form of the effective action for the chiral tensors and sketch several possibilities of their detection at lhc or through precision tests of the electroweak standard model. | arxiv:hep-ph/0607051 |
the multi - flavor $ bf $ theories in ( 3 + 1 ) dimensions with cubic or quartic coupling are the simplest topological quantum field theories that can describe fractional braiding statistics between loop - like topological excitations ( three - loop or four - loop braiding statistics ). in this paper, by canonically quantizing these theories, we study the algebra of wilson loop and wilson surface operators, and multiplets of ground states on three torus. in particular, by quantizing these coupled $ bf $ theories on the three - torus, we explicitly calculate the $ \ mathcal { s } $ - and $ \ mathcal { t } $ - matrices, which encode fractional braiding statistics and topological spin of loop - like excitations, respectively. in the coupled $ bf $ theories with cubic and quartic coupling, the hopf link and borromean ring of loop excitations, together with point - like excitations, form composite particles. | arxiv:1603.08429 |
this paper is an informal review of the present status of the computational studies of models for manganites that recently reported the existence of phase separation at low temperatures ( s. yunoki et al., phys. rev. lett. 80, 845 ( 1998 ) and cond - mat / 9807149 ). results for both the one - orbital and two - orbital models, the latter with jahn - teller phonons, are included. a large list of experimental results discussed in the paper are compatible with the existence of charge - inhomogeneities in the manganites, which may be an important ingredient for the explanation of the cmr effect in these compounds. | arxiv:cond-mat/9809380 |
recent successful applications of convolutional neural networks ( cnns ) to audio classification and speech recognition have motivated the search for better input representations for more efficient training. visual displays of an audio signal, through various time - frequency representations such as spectrograms offer a rich representation of the temporal and spectral structure of the original signal. in this letter, we compare various popular signal processing methods to obtain this representation, such as short - time fourier transform ( stft ) with linear and mel scales, constant - q transform ( cqt ) and continuous wavelet transform ( cwt ), and assess their impact on the classification performance of two environmental sound datasets using cnns. this study supports the hypothesis that time - frequency representations are valuable in learning useful features for sound classification. moreover, the actual transformation used is shown to impact the classification accuracy, with mel - scaled stft outperforming the other discussed methods slightly and baseline mfcc features to a large degree. additionally, we observe that the optimal window size during transformation is dependent on the characteristics of the audio signal and architecturally, 2d convolution yielded better results in most cases compared to 1d. | arxiv:1706.07156 |
we present a temperature extrapolation technique for self - consistent many - body methods, which provides a causal starting point for converging to a solution at a target temperature. the technique employs the carath \ ' eodory formalism for interpolating causal matrix - valued functions and is applicable to various many - body methods, including dynamical mean field theory, its cluster extensions, and self - consistent perturbative methods such as the self - consistent gw approximation. we show results that demonstrate that this technique can efficiently simulate heating and cooling hysteresis at a first - order phase transition, as well as accelerate convergence. | arxiv:2305.01452 |
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