question stringlengths 1 1.57k | options listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 5
values | correct_option stringlengths 1 287 | explanation stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | dataset stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A two month baby presents with epiphora and regurgitation. The most likely diagnosis is: | [
"Mucopurulent conjunctivitis",
"Buphthalmos",
"Congenital dacryocystitis",
"Encysted mucocele"
] | C | Congenital dacryocystitis | Congenital dacyrocystitis is mainly due to membranous occlusion at the lower end near the valve of Hasner. Clinical features include Epiphora, positive regurgitation test and swelling of the sac. Ref: A.K KHURANA (2005), Chapter 15, "Disease of The Lacrimal Apparatus", In the book, "Opthalmology", 3rd Edition, Newdelhi... | medmcqa |
Glycolytic enzyme(s) inhibited by fluoride | [
"Hexokinase",
"Aldolase",
"Enolase",
"Pyruvate kinase"
] | C | Enolase | Question repeated | medmcqa |
A sub-center caters to the needs of--population - | [
"30000",
"15000",
"5000",
"10000"
] | C | 5000 | Ans- C 5000 Ref: Park, 22nd edi; Pg: 843, 845 a. The sub-center is a peripheral outpost of existing health care delivery system in rural area, which are established for every 5000 population in general and every 3000 population in hilly, tribal and backward areas. b. Currently a subcentre is staffed by 1 Female health ... | medmcqa |
The following are true for Bordetella pertussis except- | [
"It is a strict human pathogen",
"It can be cultured from the patient during catarrhal stage",
"It leads to invasion of the respiratory mucosa",
"Infection can be prevented by a acellular vaccine"
] | D | Infection can be prevented by a acellular vaccine | null | medmcqa |
Hypoxemia occurring after pulmonary thromboembolism is a result of which of the following? | [
"Perfusion of areas poorly ventilated because of airway constriction",
"Increased dead-space ventilation in the area of vascular occlusion",
"Increased right heart filling pressures",
"Tachycardia"
] | A | Perfusion of areas poorly ventilated because of airway constriction | Hypoxemia occurs commonly after massive pulmonary thromboembolism, although normal arterial oxygen tension does not exclude the diagnosis. The most important mechanism producing hypoxemia in this setting is an increase in venous admixture caused by continued perfusion of poorly ventilated areas. Ventilation may be decr... | medmcqa |
Karyotyping of the fetus can be done through all of the following invasive methods except: | [
"Chorionic villus sampling",
"Cordocentesis",
"Amniocentesis",
"Fetal skin biopsy"
] | D | Fetal skin biopsy | Ans. d. Fetal skin biopsy (Ref: Williams 23/ep299-30I; Dutta 6/e pit)?. 108, 642>"Currently there are three routine itw.! of obtaining fetal tissue: Amniocentesis at 15 to 20 weeks, gestation, chorionic villus sampling at 10 to 12 weeks, a tut percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (cordocentesis) past 18 weeks. In addi... | medmcqa |
Chromatolysis is seen in | [
"Nissl substance",
"Mitochondria",
"Microtubule",
"Golgibody"
] | A | Nissl substance | Chromatolysis is a pa of proximal degradation in a nerve It occurs with in 24 hrs of injury Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:74,75,76 | medmcqa |
The deep cerebellar nuclei have their effect on other brain centers by | [
"Comparison of inhibitory effects by Purkinje cells and excitatory effects of afferent collateral axons",
"Summation of mossy fibers and climbing fibers synapsing on deep cerebellar nuclei",
"Temporal synaptic effects of granular and parallel fiber input",
"Excitatory Purkinje influences and inhibitory granul... | A | Comparison of inhibitory effects by Purkinje cells and excitatory effects of afferent collateral axons | All input to the coex of the cerebellum collateralizes and sends axon branches to both the coex and the deep cerebellar nuclei. The activity of the deep cerebellar nuclei depends on the integrated response of the direct excitatory input from the collaterals and the inhibitory influence of the Purkinje cells of the cere... | medmcqa |
Calibre is defined as - | [
"Distance between two diametrically opposite grooves",
"Distance between two diametrically opposite lands",
"Distance between two diametrically opposite lands and grooves",
"Ratio of the length and width of the barrel"
] | B | Distance between two diametrically opposite lands | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; Pg.no. 122 It is also called gauge . Also refer fig 8-16 (cross section of a rifled barrel) | medmcqa |
Rosette cataract develops in the | [
"Anterior cortex",
"Posterior cortex",
"Anterior subcapsule",
"Posterior subcapsule"
] | B | Posterior cortex | It is seen as feathery lines of Opacities in the posterior cortex. | medmcqa |
What is the age of abrasion? | [
"12-24 hrs",
"1-2 day",
"2-3 day",
"> 7 days"
] | D | > 7 days | Scab has amost completely peeled off which indicates age >7 days Healing of Abrasion Fresh: Reddish in colour By 12- 24 hrs: Reddish Scab is formed (the scab formation occurs due to drying of superficial blood and lymph) By 2-3 days: Reddish brown scab By 4-7 days:Dark brown scab is formed,Epithelium grows under the sc... | medmcqa |
A 23-year-old woman is noticed to have irregular pupils on routine examination. She has 1 large pupil, which has minimal response to light stimulation, but it does respond to accommodation. The eye movements are normal and she experiences no double vision.For the above patient with a pupillary abnormality, select the m... | [
"essential anisocoria",
"Horner syndrome",
"tonic pupils (Holmes-Adie syndrome)",
"Argyll Robertson pupils"
] | C | tonic pupils (Holmes-Adie syndrome) | The tonic pupil (Holmes-Adie syndrome) is caused by a parasympathetic lesion at or distal to the ciliary ganglion. The pupil is large and usually unilateral, with absent response to light. A bright room, by causing constriction of the normal pupil, accentuates the anisocoria. The tonic pupil can be associated with Shy-... | medmcqa |
True regarding common bile duct is all EXCEPT: | [
"Opens 10 cm distal to the pylorus",
"Lies anterior to IVC",
"Poal vein lies posterior to it",
"Usually opens into duodenum separate from the main pancreatic duct"
] | D | Usually opens into duodenum separate from the main pancreatic duct | Common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form hepatopancreatic duct which opens into 2nd pa of duodenum( 10 cm distal to the pylorus) at major duodenal papilla. The hepatic duct lies in front and to the right, the hepatic aery to the left, and the poal vein behind and between the duct and aery. | medmcqa |
The colour coding of of 20G IV cannula is | [
"Green",
"Grey",
"Pink",
"Blue"
] | C | Pink | null | medmcqa |
Red degeneration in a case of fibroid with pregnancy occurs most often during : | [
"First trimester",
"Second trimester",
"Third trimester",
"Puperium"
] | B | Second trimester | Second trimester | medmcqa |
Pathological jaundice criteriaall include except : | [
"24 hours later but within 72 hours",
"more than 14 days persistence",
"> 2mg / dl conjugated bilirubin",
"Clay colored stool"
] | A | 24 hours later but within 72 hours | Pathological jaundice
Presence of any of the following signs denotes that the jaundice is pathological.
Clinical jaundice detected before 24 hours of age
Rise in serum bilirubin by more than 5 mg/dL/ay
Serum bilirubin more than 15 mg/dL
Clinical jaundice persisting beyond 14 days of life
Clay/white colored stool and/or... | medmcqa |
What is color of medical oxygen cylinder? | [
"Black body with grey shoulder",
"Grey body with black and white shoulder",
"Black body w ith white shoulder",
"Grey body with black shoulder"
] | C | Black body w ith white shoulder | Ans. c. Black body with white shoulder (Ref: Anaesthetic Equipments & Procedures, Practical Approach/P37, 38) The color of a medical oxygen cylinder is a black body with a white shoulder.Color Identification of Medical Gas CylindersName of gasBodyShoulderPin indexAirGreyQWhite & black quarterQ1,5QCarbon dioxide (Cone. ... | medmcqa |
Discharge from Baroreceptors causes inhibition of | [
"Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla",
"Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla",
"Nucleus ambiguous",
"Nucleus tractus solitarus"
] | B | Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla | B i.e. Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla | medmcqa |
Lymphoma is caused by all of the following viruses except - | [
"HIV",
"EBV",
"HSV",
"HHV8"
] | C | HSV | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HSV * The number of viruses associated with lymphoma has increased over the last 20 years, and includes the Epstein- Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV1), human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV1 and 2) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8).* Some cause lymphoma by direct oncogenesis, for e... | medmcqa |
hCG is secreted by: September 2010 | [
"Cytotrophoblast",
"Chorionic villi",
"Syncytiotrophoblast",
"None of the above"
] | C | Syncytiotrophoblast | Ans. C: Syncytiotrophoblast Human chorionic gonadotropin or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in pregnancy that is made by the developing embryo after conception and later by the syncytiotrophoblast (pa of the placenta). Its role is to prevent the disintegration of the corpus luteum... | medmcqa |
CD59 marker deficiency leads to which of the following disease? | [
"PNH",
"PTEN",
"BRR",
"Cowden syndrome"
] | A | PNH | Ans. a. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)Ref: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No-642Paroxysmal Nocturnal HemoglobinuriaIncreases complement-mediated intravascular RBC lysis (impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor that protects RBC membrane from complement).Acq... | medmcqa |
Scrub typhus is caused by - | [
"R typhi",
"R Akari",
"R prowazekii",
"R tsutsugamushi"
] | D | R tsutsugamushi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., R tsutsugamushi o Has been explained in previous years | medmcqa |
Which of the following Anti-leprotic drugs is not given in blister packs of NLEP? | [
"Minocycline",
"Rifampicin",
"Clofazimine",
"Dapsone"
] | A | Minocycline | null | medmcqa |
False about Good pasture's disease | [
"Antibodies against α3 part of type IV collagen",
"Complement normal",
"Bad prognosis",
"Granular deposition of Ig along basement membrane"
] | D | Granular deposition of Ig along basement membrane | Linear deposition - Good pasture's disease.
Granular deposition - PSGN. | medmcqa |
Graze is a type of - | [
"Bruise",
"Contusion",
"Laceration",
"Abrasion"
] | D | Abrasion | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no . 105 Grazes (sliding ,scrapping or grinding abrasion) they occur when there is horizontal or near horizontal movement between the skin & some rough surface in contact with it . | medmcqa |
Papillae are seen in – | [
"Trachoma",
"Viral conjunctivitis",
"Spring catarrh",
"All of the above"
] | D | All of the above | Papilla (papillary conjunctivitis) is seen in allergic conjunctivitis (spring catarrh), Trachoma, chronic blephritis, some viral (measles) conjunctivitis, Giant papillary conjunctivitis (contact lenses, prominent sutures, artificial eyes). | medmcqa |
The Norwalk virus is a | [
"DNA virus",
"RNA virus",
"Prion",
"Bacteriophage induced virus"
] | B | RNA virus | Viral gastroenteritis:FamilyVirusViral genomeReoviridaeRotavirusdsRNACalciviridaeNorovirus/Norwalk virusSapovirusss(+)RNAAdenoviridaeAdenovirusdsDNAAstroviridaeAstrovirusss(+)RNACoronaviridaeCoronavirusTorovirusss(+)RNAPicornaviridaeAichi virusss(+)RNAPicobirnaviridaePicobirnavirusdsRNAParvoviridaeBocavirusssDNAParamyx... | medmcqa |
Not a molecular motor: | [
"Kinesin",
"Dynein",
"Actin",
"Myosin"
] | C | Actin | Motor proteins: Molecular motors include the proteins: myosin kinesin dynein They move along a track- microtubules or microfilaments - and pull larger structures such as vesicles, fibers, or paicles. Such movement can be used for intracellular transpo or movement of the cell's entire framework. | medmcqa |
Which of the following is not a feature of non cirrhotic poal HTN? | [
"Ascites",
"Hematemesis",
"Splenomegaly",
"All are seen"
] | A | Ascites | Poal hypeension is a significant complicating feature of decompensated cirrhosis and is responsible for the developmentof ascites and bleeding from esophagogastric varices, two complications that signify decompensated cirrhosis.Ref: Harrison; 19th edition; Page no: 2058 | medmcqa |
What is implied, if a drug has more renal clearance than the GFR | [
"Drug is reabsorbed in the tubules",
"Drug is secreted in the tubules",
"Drug is excreted in bile",
"Drug is neither secreted, nor reabsorbed"
] | B | Drug is secreted in the tubules | If clearance of a substance is greater than GFR, then tubular secretion must be present. | medmcqa |
In first step of haem synthesis, which amino acid is required ? | [
"Histidine",
"Folate",
"Glycine",
"Fe"
] | C | Glycine | Synthesis of heme: In first step of Haem synthesis, Glycine amino acid is required Glycine condenses with succinyl CoA to form 6-amino levulinate which serves as a precursor for heme synthesis.. Copper is necessary for the synthesis of haemoglobin (Cu is a constituent of ALA synthase, needed for heme synthesis.) Pyrido... | medmcqa |
A 45-year-old man with a skull fracture of the temporal bone | [
"Diffuse axonal injury",
"Acute extradural hematoma",
"Acute subdural hematoma",
"Tentorial herniation"
] | B | Acute extradural hematoma | A temporal skull fracture crossing the middle meningeal artery grove with lucid interval are pathognomonic of an extradural hemorrhage. | medmcqa |
Which of the following is NOT a cause for polyuria? | [
"Excess fluid intake",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypocalcaemia"
] | D | Hypocalcaemia | Polyuria results from two potential mechanism:
Excretion of nonabsorbable solutes (such as glucose).
Excretion of water (usually from defect in ADH production or renal responsiveness).
The functional effects of hypokalemia on the kidney can include Na+-Cl- and HCO3- retention, polyuria, phosphaturia, hypocitraturia, ... | medmcqa |
All are decreased in infiltrative lung disease except | [
"Vital capacity",
"Alveolar aerial difference in PaO2",
"Total lung capacity",
"Lung compliance"
] | B | Alveolar aerial difference in PaO2 | In infiltrative lung disease the alveolar capillary bed is damaged and there is a decrease in diffusion capacity.this results in an increase in alveolar aerial differences in PaO2 Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 1710 | medmcqa |
'Dialysis Dementia syndrome' is seen in which poisoning? | [
"Mercury",
"Lead",
"Aluminium",
"Arsenic"
] | C | Aluminium | Dialysis-associated encephalopathy/dementia, the result of acute intoxication of aluminium caused by the use of an aluminium-containing dialysate, was a common occurrence prior to 1980. However, using modern techniques of water purification, such acute intoxication can now be avoided. Dialysis-associated encephalopathy... | medmcqa |
In which of the following transition meiosis occurs? | [
"Primary to secondary spermatocyte",
"Second spermatocyte to globular spermatid",
"Germ cells to spermatogonium",
"Spermatogonium to primary spermatocyte"
] | A | Primary to secondary spermatocyte | null | medmcqa |
Human immunoglobulin is given in all except | [
"Measles",
"Hepatitis B",
"Rabies",
"chickenpox"
] | A | Measles | null | medmcqa |
Which one of the following acts as second messenger? | [
"Mg++",
"Cl-",
"Ca++",
"P04+3"
] | C | Ca++ | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Ca++ Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface (such as the arrival of protein hormones, growth factors, etc.) to target molecules in the cytosol and/or nucleus.Not only they relay the signals, they greatly amplify the strength of the signal.There are ... | medmcqa |
Severity if mitral stenosis is judged by- | [
"Loud S1",
"S2-OS gap",
"S3",
"S4"
] | B | S2-OS gap | null | medmcqa |
Female pseudohermaphroditism - M.C cause- | [
"Maternal ovarian tumor",
"Materan drug intake",
"CAH",
"Chromosomal abnormalities"
] | C | CAH | Ans. is 'c' i.e., CAH Repeato Female pseudohermaphroditism.# Gentotype is XX# Gonads are ovaries# External genitalia are virilized (male differentiation).# As there is no mullarian inhibiting factor, mullarian duct develops into uterus tubes and ovary. But due to presence of androgen external genitalia are virilized.Ca... | medmcqa |
Fibres of which of the following nerve decussate before emerging out from the brain stem: | [
"Facial nerve",
"Abducent nerve",
"Trochlear nerve",
"Oculomotor nerve"
] | C | Trochlear nerve | The trochlear nucleus is located near the midline, just inferior to the motor nucleus of the occluomotor nerve and at the level of the inferior colliculus. The axons of the fouh cranial nerve leave the nucleus and actually decussates in thesuperior medullar velum. This is the only cranial nerve to decussate prior to ex... | medmcqa |
A 38-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cholecystitis and gallbladder stones. During cholangiography, the catheter is inserted with difficulty into the gallbladder. Which of the following structures is most likely to interfere with the passage of the catheter into the cystic duct? | [
"Cystic duct compression by a hepatic artery",
"Spiral valve (of Heister)",
"Tortuosity of the cystic duct",
"Adhesions from the hepatoduodenal ligament"
] | B | Spiral valve (of Heister) | The gallbladder consists of a fundus, body, and neck. The fundus is the rounded, blind end that comes in contact with the transverse colon. The body is the major part and rests on the upper part of the duodenum and transverse colon. The neck is the narrowest part and gives rise to the cystic duct. This duct contains th... | medmcqa |
Two litres of normal saline in 4 hours will stimulate secretion of- | [
"Atrial natriuretic peptide",
"IL-2",
"TNF - alpha",
"Prostaglandins"
] | A | Atrial natriuretic peptide | hyperosmolality occurs and blood volume increase causing atrial distention stimulating atrial natriuretic peptide ( Harrison 17 pg 1760) | medmcqa |
Consider the following in a new born : Hea rate of 110 Slow and irregular respiratory effo Flaccid muscle tone No reflex irritability Blue colour What is the Apgar score in this case ? | [
"1",
"3",
"5",
"7"
] | B | 3 | Ans.i s b i.e. 3 Signs 0 1 2 Respiratory effo Absent Slow, irregular Good, crying Hea rate Absent Slow (< 100) > 100 Muscle tone Flaccid Flexion of extremities Active body movement Reflex irritability No response Grimace Cry Colour Blue, pale Body pink, extremities blue Complete pink Total score = 10 No depression = 7-... | medmcqa |
HDL is synthesized and secreted from : | [
"Liver",
"Peripheral tissue",
"Adipose tissue",
"Muscle"
] | A | Liver | HDL- HDL is synthesized and secreted from both liver and intestine HDL HDL transpo cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver this is called reverse cholesterol transpo. HDL concentrations are inversely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis HDL have APO A, C, and E HDL have LCAT (Lecithin cholesterol acyltra... | medmcqa |
Life span of CuT 380 A is - | [
"10 years",
"8 years",
"4 years",
"5 years"
] | A | 10 years | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 10 years o The longest life span is of CuT380A: 10 years.IUDsLife spanFirst generation:Lippe's loop (obsolete)--Second generationCopper-T--CuT-200-B4 yrCuT-2003yrCuT-220C--Nova-T5 yrMultiload - 2503 yr3755 yrCuT-3 80A10 yrThird generationProgestasert1 yrLNG-20 (Mirena)5 yr (Ref: Novak p263; Note that ... | medmcqa |
Spinnbarkeit refers to? | [
"Cervical mucus",
"Uterine gland thickness",
"Cervical os appearance",
"Proliferation of breast alveoli"
] | A | Cervical mucus | Ans. (a) Cervical mucusRef.-.Ganong25th ed. / 402* The cervical mucus is thinnest at time of ovulation and its elasticity or spinnbarkeit increases such that by mid- cycle one drop can be stretched into a long, thin thread that may be 8-12cm or more in length.* It dries on a slide in an arborizing fern like pattern.* A... | medmcqa |
The main purpose of covering the retromolar pad area is | [
"Stability",
"Retention",
"Support",
"Contraction"
] | B | Retention | null | medmcqa |
Histogram is used to describe- | [
"Quantitative data of a group of patients",
"Qualitative data of a group of patients",
"Data collected on nominal scale",
"Data collected on ordinal scale"
] | A | Quantitative data of a group of patients | <p> Histogram is used to describe quantitative data of a group of patients. Histogram is graphical presentation for. &;Continuous quantitative data&;. Reference: Simple Biostatistics by Indeayan & Indrayan,1st edition,pg no:104 and Methods in Biostatistics by Mahajan,6 th edition,pg no.20, K . Park,23rd edition, pg no.... | medmcqa |
Which of the following is seen in Boutonniere's deformity: | [
"Extension of PIP and DIP",
"Flexion of PIP and DIP",
"Flexion contracture of PIP and extension of DIP",
"Flexion of DIP and extension of PIP"
] | C | Flexion contracture of PIP and extension of DIP | Ans. (c) Flexion contracture of PIP and extension of DIPRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. / 288* Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextensi... | medmcqa |
Which of the following is not a contraindication to pregnancy? | [
"Severe pulmonary hypeension",
"Severe obstructive valvular lesions",
"Large secundum atrial septal defect with left to right shunt",
"Marfan syndrome with dilated aoa"
] | C | Large secundum atrial septal defect with left to right shunt | Large secundum atrial septal defect with left to right shunt Pregnancy is associated with many haemodynamic changes. There is increase in hea rate and cardiac output and decrease in peripheral resistance. Total blood volume is increased. Stenotic lesions and severe cyanotic lesions have a higher complication rate durin... | medmcqa |
Number of structural genes in Lac operon is | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6"
] | A | 3 | The structural gene for b-galactosidase (lacZ) is clustered with the genes responsible for the permeation of lactose into the cell (lacY) and for thiogalactoside transacetylase (lacA). The structural genes for these three enzymes, along with the lac promoter and lac operator (a regulatory region), are physically associ... | medmcqa |
Why is bevel of Endotracheal tubes left sided at the proximal tip of the tube- | [
"For easier passage of tube through vocal cords",
"To prevent occlusion of tip by tracheal wal",
"For high pressure ventilation",
"All of the above"
] | A | For easier passage of tube through vocal cords | Endotracheal tubes (ETTs) typically have a left-facing bevel at the tip. ... The bevel is left-facing rather than right-facing to allow a better view of the ETT tip entering the field of view from right to left/ midline and then passing throught the vocal chords. bevel is towards left side. | medmcqa |
Not a Features of tumour lysis syndrome- | [
"Hyperuricemia",
"Hypocalcemia",
"Hyperphosphatemia",
"Hypernatremia"
] | D | Hypernatremia | in tumor lysis syndrome there is hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia( pseudo), hyper phosphatemia, and hypocalcemia ( Harrison 17 pg 1736) | medmcqa |
Drugs to be avoided in Hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is | [
"Amiodarone",
"Verapamil",
"Beta blockers",
"Digoxin"
] | D | Digoxin | stepwise antihypeensive therapy effectively controlled both obstructive HCM symptoms and hypeension. ... Avoid digitalis, because glycosides are contraindicated except in patients with uncontrolled atrial fibrillation. Refer kDT 7/e p517 | medmcqa |
Propranolol is contra-indicated in a patient of angina pectoris, when he is already receiving: | [
"Nifedipine",
"Isosorbide mononitrate",
"Aspirin",
"Verapamil"
] | D | Verapamil | Verapamil has maximum depressant action on the heart and it causes vasodilation by causing blockade of calcium channel. It is indicated for the treatment of angina, PSVT, hypertension and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).
Both verapamil and propranolol decrease the conduction through the AV node and their... | medmcqa |
A 72-year-old man presents to his GP with increasing dyspepsia and weight loss. He has not experienced any other GI symptoms and physical examination is unremarkable. A barium meal is performed with the administration of intravenous Buscopan. The oesophagus is normal in appearance but a 'bull&;s eye' lesion is noted in... | [
"Gastric carcinoma",
"Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)",
"Magenstrasse",
"Melanoma metastases"
] | C | Magenstrasse | Magenstrasse refers to the normal longitudinal mucosal folds seen adjacent to the lesser curve of the stomach during a barium meal. The 'bull&;s eye' appearance seen during a barium meal is due to a central ulcer in an elevated area of submucosa. A GIST may well have this appearance and neurofibromatosis can cause sing... | medmcqa |
For dowry death punishment is : | [
"3 years imprisonment + Rs. 10,000/",
"5 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/-",
"> 7 years imprisonment + Rs. 20,000/-",
"2 years imprisonment + Rs. 15,000/-"
] | C | > 7 years imprisonment + Rs. 20,000/- | C i.e. 7 years imprisonment+Rs 20,000/ - | medmcqa |
Multiple hypoaesthetic, hypopigmented macules on right lateral forearm with numerous acid fast bacilli is indicative of | [
"Tuberculoid leprosy",
"Lepromatous leprosy",
"Indeterminate leprosy",
"Borderline leprosy"
] | D | Borderline leprosy | Ans. d. Borderline leprosy Multiple hypoaesthetic, hypopigmented macules on right lateral forearm with numerous acid-fast bacilli is indicative of borderline lepromatous leprosy. Multiple lesions and numerous AFB bacilli indicate either lepromatous or borderline lesions, and hypoesthesia and hypopigmentation narrows it... | medmcqa |
Which of the following tumor causes invasion of 1VC? | [
"Hepatocellular carcinoma",
"Renal cell carcinoma",
"Gall bladder carcinoma",
"Pancreatic carcinoma"
] | B | Renal cell carcinoma | ANSWER: (B) Renal cell carcinomaREF: Smith urology 17th ed page 332MRI is superior to CT in assessing inferior vena caval involvement in RCCTNM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMAPrimary tumors (T)TXPrimary tumor cannot be assessedT0No evidence of primary tumorT1Tumor <7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to ... | medmcqa |
Stain used for staining fungal elements ? | [
"Acid fast stain",
"Mucicarcmine",
"Methanamine silver",
"Gram stain"
] | C | Methanamine silver | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Methanamine silver . Routinely used stains for the demonstration fo fungal elements in tissue sections are : - i) Methenamine silver ii) Periodic acid schiff (PAS) | medmcqa |
True about talus is all except: | [
"muscular attachments",
"Strongest tarsal bone",
"Takes part in the plantar arch formation",
"Does not articulate with cuboid"
] | A | muscular attachments | Ans: a ( muscular attachments)Ref: Chaurasia, 3rd edi., Vol-2, Pg.140Talus forms a connecting link between the bones of the foot and leg.It is situated on the upper surface of the calcaneum.The head of the talus takes part in a talo calcaneo navicular joint which is a ball and socket joint.RelationsArticulates with 4 b... | medmcqa |
FFP not used in ? | [
"TTP",
"Factor XII deficiency",
"Vitamin K deficiency",
"Antithrombin III deficiency"
] | B | Factor XII deficiency | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Factor XII deficiencyFresh frozen plasma (FFP)FFP is defined as the fluid poion of human blood that has been centrifuged, separated, and frozen solid at -18degc within 6 hours.FFP contains stable coagulation factors and plasma proteins :(i) Fibrinogen (iii) Albumin & Immunoglobulin(v) Factor II, V, VI... | medmcqa |
Which is a safe muscle relaxant in renal failure - | [
"Cisatracurium",
"Rocuronum",
"Vecuronium",
"Succinylcholine"
] | A | Cisatracurium | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cisatracurium o The unique feature of atracurium and cisatracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous nonenzymatic degradation (Hofman elimination) in addition to that by alkaline ester hydrolysis,o Therefore both of these do not require hepatic or renal routes for elimination therefore can be u... | medmcqa |
Startle and Grasp Palmar reflex is initiated by: | [
"The sudden movement of the neck.",
"Sudden noise or loud sound.",
"Both.",
"None."
] | B | Sudden noise or loud sound. | null | medmcqa |
Which of the following drug is not used as emergency contraception? | [
"Levonorgestrol",
"Mifepristone",
"Ulipristal",
"Raloxifene"
] | D | Raloxifene | Emergency Contraceptives 1. OCPs - estrogen + progesterone (decrease the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer) 2. Progesterone only pills - Levonorgesterol 3. Mifepristone - 10 mg single dose - All these drugs should be used with in 72 hrs. of unprotected sexual intercourse 4. Ulipristal - 30 mg (can be used upto 120... | medmcqa |
All of the following can cause Optic Neuritis,except - | [
"Rifampicin",
"Digoxin",
"Chloroquine",
"Ethambutol"
] | A | Rifampicin | Important drugs causing optic neuritis are quinine, chloroquine, ethambutal, isoniazid(INH), Streptomycin, Digoxin, Amiodarone, NSAIDs (aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen), vigabatrine, disulfiram. | medmcqa |
In human body, the action of surfactant is done by | [
"Sugar & salt",
"Soap & water",
"Lipid and protein",
"Base and lipid"
] | C | Lipid and protein | Dipalmitoylphoshatidylcholine is a phospholipid which along with proteins acts as surfactant. | medmcqa |
Which One of the following is true for the competitive antagonism | [
"Antagonism cannot be completely reversed by increased by an increased dose of an antagonist",
"Agonist cannot display an antagonist from the receptor",
"Agonist and antagonist are bind to same receptor",
"Dose response curve of an agonist shift towards left In presence of antagonist"
] | C | Agonist and antagonist are bind to same receptor | Competitive antagonists bind to receptors at the same binding site (active site) as the endogenous ligand or agonist, but without activating the receptor. Agonists and antagonists "compete" for the same binding site on the receptor Ref-KDT 7/e p39 | medmcqa |
Evans's syndrome refers to which of the follwoing? | [
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with autoimmune neutropenia",
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with autoimmune thrombocytopenia",
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with marked bone marrow suppression",
"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with hypersplenism"
] | B | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with autoimmune thrombocytopenia | In some cases, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) can be associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (Evans's syndrome). Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 881 | medmcqa |
Molecular classification of breast cancer is based on which of the following | [
"Gene expression profiling",
"Expression of hormone receptors like ER, PR and HER-2 neu",
"Histology",
"Response to chemotherapy"
] | A | Gene expression profiling | Refer Robbins page no 1061 Invasive carcinoma can be divided based on molecular and morpholog characteristic into several clinically impoant subgroups. Breast carcinoma have a wide variety of morphological apperance.One third can be classified morphologically into special histologic types some of which are strongly ass... | medmcqa |
Which among the following is used as yardstick for the assessment of standards of therapy | [
"Proportional mortality rate",
"Survival rate",
"Case fatality rate",
"Crude death rate"
] | B | Survival rate | null | medmcqa |
Commonest tumor of face in chidren is- | [
"Rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Sq. cell carcinoma",
"Basal cell carcinoma",
"Mixed parotid tumor"
] | A | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rhabdomyosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma o The most common soft tissue sarcoma in children is rhabdomyosarcoma. o The common site of involvement are : - o Head & Neck (25%) 2"d most common Extremities Genitourinary (22%) --> 2nd most common Retroperitoneum | medmcqa |
A 50-year-old patient complains of dizziness and palpitations. ECG shows? | [
"Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome",
"Mobitz I block",
"Mobitz II block",
"Complete heart block"
] | A | Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome | Ans. (a) Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome.ECG shows runs of tachycardia interspersed with long sinus pauses.The sinus rate is slow to level that it looks like an arrest.Sinus beats are followed by paroxysms of junctional tachycardia at 140 bpmNone of the definitions of Mobitz I and II blocks discussed above are satisfi... | medmcqa |
X-ray features of ASD are all except – | [
"Right atrial enlargement",
"Left atrial enlargement",
"Pulmonary plethora",
"Small aortic knockle"
] | B | Left atrial enlargement | Radiological features of ASD:- Normal size heart or mild cardiomegaly, normal or enlarged pulmonary artery, pulmonary plethora, enlarged right atrium and ventricle, normal size left atrium, small aortic knob. | medmcqa |
The ventilatory response to hypoxia: | [
"Is independent of PaCO2",
"Is more dependent on aortic than carotid chemoreceptors",
"Is exaggerated by hypoxia of the medullary chemoreceptors",
"Bears an inverse linear relationship to arterial oxygen content"
] | D | Bears an inverse linear relationship to arterial oxygen content | Ans. D. Bears an inverse linear relationship to arterial oxygen contentAn inverse relationship exists between hypoxia-induced hyperventilation and oxygen content. Hypoxia-induced hyperventilation is dependent on PaCO2 and more on carotid than aortic chemoreceptors. | medmcqa |
In comparison to breast milk, colostrum has higher content of: | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Fat",
"Sodium",
"Potassium"
] | C | Sodium | Ans. is c, i.e. SodiumRef. Dutta Obs 7/e, p 148Colostrum is a deep yellow serous fluid secreted from breasts starting from pregnancy and for 2-3 days after delivery.CompositionIt has higher specific gravity and higher protein, Vitamin A, D, E, K, immunoglobulin, sodium and chloride content than mature breast milk.It ha... | medmcqa |
Which fungal infection is known as Gilchrist's disease? | [
"Coccidiomycosis",
"Paracoccidiomycosis",
"Sporotrichosis",
"Blastomycosis"
] | D | Blastomycosis | null | medmcqa |
A screaning test has 99% sensitivity and 99% specificity prevalence of target disease is 5 per 1000 population. The PPV of the test - | [
"10",
"70",
"33",
"99"
] | C | 33 | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 33 o Positive predictive value is related to sensitivity specificity and prevalenceo This relationship is represented by Baye's theorem : -PPV =Sensitivity * Prevalence--------------------------------------------------(sensitivity x prevalence) + (100-spcificity) (100-prevalence)X 100o One thing shoul... | medmcqa |
Most common type of bladder rupture is - | [
"Extraperitoneal",
"Intraperitoneal",
"At the trigone",
"Equal incidence of extraperitoneal and intrtaperitoneal"
] | A | Extraperitoneal | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Extraperitoneal Bladder rupture be divided into three broad types:1. Extra-peritoneal2. Intra-peritoneal3. CombinedA. Extraperitoneal bladder ruptureo Extraperitoneal rupture is the most common type of bladder injury, accounting for ~85% (range 80-90%) of cases. It is usually the result of pelvic frac... | medmcqa |
Complements synthesized in liver | [
"C2,C4",
"C3,C6,C9",
"C5,C8",
"C1"
] | B | C3,C6,C9 | null | medmcqa |
Enzyme deficiency seen in genetic diseases like | [
"Tay sach's disease",
"Sickle cell anemia",
"Cystic Fibrosis",
"Wilson's disease"
] | A | Tay sach's disease | Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder due to the deficiency of enzyme Hexosaminidase A. The disease occurs when harmful quantities of cell membrane components known as gangliosides accumulate in the brain&;s nerve cells, eventually leading to the premature death of the cells. symptoms: mental retardation, blindness, ... | medmcqa |
Runt disease is due to | [
"Hypogammaglobulinemia",
"GVHD",
"Autoimmunity",
"Immunosuppression"
] | B | GVHD | Runt disease is graft versus host disease produced experimentally in Laboratory animals. | medmcqa |
Osler's nodes are seen at - | [
"Heart",
"Knee joint",
"Tip of Palm & Sole",
"Anterior abdominal wail"
] | C | Tip of Palm & Sole | null | medmcqa |
A 1 month old boy is refereed for failure to thrive. On examination, he shows feature of congestive failure. The femoral pulses are feeble as compared to branchial pulses. The most likely clinical diagnosis is | [
"Congenital aoic stenosis",
"Coarctation of aoa",
"Patent ductus aeriosus",
"Congenital aooiliac disease"
] | B | Coarctation of aoa | In coarctation of aoa there will be radiofemoral delay. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:432 | medmcqa |
A person developed seizures on the railway station while waiting for the train. A wristband was found showing that he is a patient of epilepsy and has a medicine in his pocket. What will you do next? | [
"Put a handkerchief in his mouth and restrain him by holding hands and legs",
"Take him away from the train, give him medicine with small sips of water and wait for seizure to resolve",
"Take him away from the train, give him medicine with small sips of water and raise his legs and wait for seizure to resolve",... | C | Take him away from the train, give him medicine with small sips of water and raise his legs and wait for seizure to resolve | Ans. c. Take him away from the train, give him medicine with small sips of water and raise his legs and wait for seizure to resolve | medmcqa |
35 year old mother of two children is suffering from amenorrhea from last 12 month. She has a history of failure lactation following second delivery but remained asymptomatic thereafter. Skull X-ray shows empty sella diagnosis is : | [
"Menopause",
"Pituitary tumor",
"Sheehan's syndrome",
"Intraductal papilloma of breast"
] | C | Sheehan's syndrome | Ans. is c i.e. Sheehan's Syndrome Friends, here before arriving to any diagnosis lets first see the causes of : Empty Sella : Congenital incompleteness of the sellar diaphragm. Presentation : Women present with : * Galactorrheadeg Features of hypogonadism : Men present with : * Impotence Loss of libido Infeility. In bo... | medmcqa |
Dysthymia is ? | [
"Chronic depression",
"Chronic mania",
"Bipolar disorder",
"Personality disorder"
] | A | Chronic depression | Ans. A. Chronic depressionPersistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)Depression may run a chronic course over years with fluctuation of mood interposed with symptom free intervals (less than 2 months).If symptoms persist for more than 2 years, they are referred to as persistent depressive disorder or dysthymia. | medmcqa |
All of the following are associated with glucose intolerance except, | [
"Hyperaldosteronism",
"Acromegaly",
"Panhypopituitatim",
"Cushings syndrome."
] | C | Panhypopituitatim | Panhypopituitarism is associated with low GH, low glucocorticoids --> High insulin action
hence, Hypoglycemia. | medmcqa |
Radiographic projection used to diagnose horizontally faourable and unfavourable fracture of mandible is | [
"Lateral oblique view of mandible",
"PA view of skull",
"Reverse townes projection",
"Water view"
] | A | Lateral oblique view of mandible | null | medmcqa |
First sign of compament syndrome is ? | [
"Pain",
"Tingling",
"Loss of pulse",
"Loss of movement"
] | A | Pain | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pain Clinical features of compament syndrome Four signs are reliable in diagnosing a compament syndrome :- Paresthesia or hypesthesia in nerves traversing the compament Pain with passive stretching of the involved muscles (stretch pain) Pain with active flexion of the muscles Tenderness over the compa... | medmcqa |
What will be the 95% confidence interval in a study estimated prevalence of 10% and 100 being their sample size? | [
"16-Apr",
"18-Feb",
"Inadequate information to calculate 95% CI",
"13-Jul"
] | A | 16-Apr | Confidence intervals for population propoions (for 95% confidence) CI = P +- 2 SEP = P +- [?]pq/n In the given question, p = 0.10 (10%) So, q=1-p = 1- = 0.90; n= 100 CI = 0.10 +- 2 [?]0.1*0.9/100 = 0.10 +- 0.06 = 0.04, 0.16 (4%, 16%) | medmcqa |
A 6 day old newborn infant develops lectonuria seizures and hypoglycemia. The likely diagnosis is? | [
"Aromatic amino aciduria",
"Phenyl ketonuria",
"Intrauterine infectious",
"Tyrosinemia"
] | A | Aromatic amino aciduria | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aromatic amino aciduria | medmcqa |
Treatment of choice for nasal synachiae ? | [
"Surgical removal of adhesions",
"Topical mitomycin",
"Nasal stent",
"None of the above"
] | A | Surgical removal of adhesions | Ans. is'a'i.e., Surgical removal of adhesionsRemoval of adhesion is the procedure of choice for nasal synechiae. | medmcqa |
The following is true of Rota virus - | [
"Easily grown in cell culture",
"Double stranded DNA",
"Most common cause of diarrheal desease in infants",
"Adult and old people account for 60% of in fection"
] | C | Most common cause of diarrheal desease in infants | roata virus are now rwcoganised as the most common cause of diarrheal desease in infants and children REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION. PGNO.561 | medmcqa |
Sound intensity of whispering is- | [
"30 dB",
"90 dB",
"2 dB",
"120 dB"
] | A | 30 dB | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 30 dB o Intensity is the strength of sound which determines its loudness. It is usually measured in decibels (dB).o Following are intensities when a person is at a distance of one meter from sound source.Intensity WhisperNormal conversationShoutDiscomfort of earPain in ear30 dB60 dB90 dB120dB130 dB | medmcqa |
Which of the following is a tumor markers for Hepatocellular carcinoma? | [
"AFP",
"CEA",
"HCG",
"CA-125"
] | A | AFP | AFP is the most impoant tumor marker for HCC. AFP level is elevated in approximately 70% of individuals in Asian countries bearing HCC and 50% of patients in US and Europe. Ref: Sabiston 18/e, Page 582; CSDT 13/e, Page 519. | medmcqa |
You have diagnosed a patient clinically as having SLE and ordered 6 tests. Out of which 4 tests have come positive and 2 are negative. To determine the probability of SLE at this point, you need to know- | [
"Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test",
"Incidence of SLE and predictive value of each test",
"Incidence and prevalence of SLE",
"Relative risk of SLE in this patient"
] | A | Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test o Probability allows for an accurate method of calculating how much the likelihood of changes as new information (i.e., a test result) becomes available. o Probability of disease after a given test (post-term probability) can be calcula... | medmcqa |
True statement about latch bridge mechanism | [
"Binding of tropomyosin to actin",
"Sustained contraction of smooth muscle with low consumption of energy",
"Variability of tension at particular length",
"None of the above"
] | B | Sustained contraction of smooth muscle with low consumption of energy | Latch bridge mechanism is seen in smooth muscle. In smooth muscle, even after depolarisation of muscle cross bridge continue to cling for sometime leading to sustained contraction of smooth muscle. | medmcqa |
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? | [
"25 mL/min",
"50 mL/min",
"100 mL/min",
"125 mL/min"
] | D | 125 mL/min | null | medmcqa |
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