text stringlengths 375 2.04k | label stringlengths 133 1.99k |
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Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:
""" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than
given threshold.
>>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)
False
>>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)
True
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of floating-point numbers and a threshold value as input. It checks if any two numbers in the list are closer to each other than the given threshold. The function iterates through the list, comparing each pair of numbers, calculating their absolute difference, and returns True if it finds a pair with a difference less than the threshold. If no such pair is found, it returns False. | from typing import List
def has_close_elements(numbers: List[float], threshold: float) -> bool:
""" Check if in given list of numbers, are any two numbers closer to each other than
given threshold.
>>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], 0.5)
False
>>> has_close_elements([1.0, 2.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0], 0.3)
True
"""
for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers):
for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers):
if idx != idx2:
distance = abs(elem - elem2)
if distance < threshold:
return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
""" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
Ignore any spaces in the input string.
>>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
['()', '(())', '(()())']
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code separates groups of balanced parentheses in a given string into separate strings. It iterates through the input string, tracking the depth of nesting using a counter. When the depth returns to zero, it indicates a complete group, which is then added to the result list and reset. The function ignores spaces in the input string. | from typing import List
def separate_paren_groups(paren_string: str) -> List[str]:
""" Input to this function is a string containing multiple groups of nested parentheses. Your goal is to
separate those group into separate strings and return the list of those.
Separate groups are balanced (each open brace is properly closed) and not nested within each other
Ignore any spaces in the input string.
>>> separate_paren_groups('( ) (( )) (( )( ))')
['()', '(())', '(()())']
"""
result = []
current_string = []
current_depth = 0
for c in paren_string:
if c == '(':
current_depth += 1
current_string.append(c)
elif c == ')':
current_depth -= 1
current_string.append(c)
if current_depth == 0:
result.append(''.join(current_string))
current_string.clear()
return result
|
Complete the following function-
def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:
""" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into
and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals
(leftover part always smaller than 1).
Return the decimal part of the number.
>>> truncate_number(3.5)
0.5
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a positive floating-point number as input and returns its decimal part. The function uses the modulus operator to find the remainder of the number when divided by 1, effectively separating the integer part from the decimal part and returning the latter. |
def truncate_number(number: float) -> float:
""" Given a positive floating point number, it can be decomposed into
and integer part (largest integer smaller than given number) and decimals
(leftover part always smaller than 1).
Return the decimal part of the number.
>>> truncate_number(3.5)
0.5
"""
return number % 1.0
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:
""" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with
zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and
at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.
>>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])
False
>>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])
True
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code simulates a bank account with an initial balance of zero. It takes a list of deposit and withdrawal operations, iterates through them, and updates the balance accordingly. If the balance ever falls below zero, it immediately returns a flag indicating this condition. If the balance remains non-negative after all operations, it returns a flag indicating no dipping below zero occurred. | from typing import List
def below_zero(operations: List[int]) -> bool:
""" You're given a list of deposit and withdrawal operations on a bank account that starts with
zero balance. Your task is to detect if at any point the balance of account fallls below zero, and
at that point function should return True. Otherwise it should return False.
>>> below_zero([1, 2, 3])
False
>>> below_zero([1, 2, -4, 5])
True
"""
balance = 0
for op in operations:
balance += op
if balance < 0:
return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
""" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
around the mean of this dataset.
Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
MAD = average | x - x_mean |
>>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
1.0
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of a given list of numbers. It first computes the mean of the input list, then calculates the absolute difference between each number and the mean, and finally returns the average of these differences. | from typing import List
def mean_absolute_deviation(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
""" For a given list of input numbers, calculate Mean Absolute Deviation
around the mean of this dataset.
Mean Absolute Deviation is the average absolute difference between each
element and a centerpoint (mean in this case):
MAD = average | x - x_mean |
>>> mean_absolute_deviation([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
1.0
"""
mean = sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
return sum(abs(x - mean) for x in numbers) / len(numbers)
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:
""" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'
>>> intersperse([], 4)
[]
>>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)
[1, 4, 2, 4, 3]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers and a delimiter integer as input, and returns a new list where the delimiter is inserted between every two consecutive elements of the input list. The function iterates through the input list, appending each element and the delimiter to a result list, except for the last element which is appended without the delimiter. | from typing import List
def intersperse(numbers: List[int], delimeter: int) -> List[int]:
""" Insert a number 'delimeter' between every two consecutive elements of input list `numbers'
>>> intersperse([], 4)
[]
>>> intersperse([1, 2, 3], 4)
[1, 4, 2, 4, 3]
"""
if not numbers:
return []
result = []
for n in numbers[:-1]:
result.append(n)
result.append(delimeter)
result.append(numbers[-1])
return result
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
""" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.
>>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
[2, 3, 1, 3]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code analyzes a string of grouped parentheses, separated by spaces, and returns a list of integers representing the maximum nesting level of each group. It does this by iterating through each character in each group, incrementing a counter when it encounters an open parenthesis and decrementing when it encounters a close parenthesis, keeping track of the maximum depth encountered. | from typing import List
def parse_nested_parens(paren_string: str) -> List[int]:
""" Input to this function is a string represented multiple groups for nested parentheses separated by spaces.
For each of the group, output the deepest level of nesting of parentheses.
E.g. (()()) has maximum two levels of nesting while ((())) has three.
>>> parse_nested_parens('(()()) ((())) () ((())()())')
[2, 3, 1, 3]
"""
def parse_paren_group(s):
depth = 0
max_depth = 0
for c in s:
if c == '(':
depth += 1
max_depth = max(depth, max_depth)
else:
depth -= 1
return max_depth
return [parse_paren_group(x) for x in paren_string.split(' ') if x]
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:
""" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring
>>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')
[]
>>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
['abc', 'bacd', 'array']
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of strings and a substring as input, and returns a new list containing only the strings from the original list that contain the given substring. The function uses a list comprehension to iterate over the input list, checking each string to see if it contains the substring, and including it in the output list if it does. | from typing import List
def filter_by_substring(strings: List[str], substring: str) -> List[str]:
""" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that contain given substring
>>> filter_by_substring([], 'a')
[]
>>> filter_by_substring(['abc', 'bacd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
['abc', 'bacd', 'array']
"""
return [x for x in strings if substring in x]
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List, Tuple
def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
""" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.
Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.
>>> sum_product([])
(0, 1)
>>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
(10, 24)
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and returns a tuple containing two values: the sum and the product of all the integers in the list. If the list is empty, the function returns a default value for the sum and product, which are 0 and 1, respectively. The function iterates over the input list, calculating the sum and product of the integers, and returns the results as a tuple. | from typing import List, Tuple
def sum_product(numbers: List[int]) -> Tuple[int, int]:
""" For a given list of integers, return a tuple consisting of a sum and a product of all the integers in a list.
Empty sum should be equal to 0 and empty product should be equal to 1.
>>> sum_product([])
(0, 1)
>>> sum_product([1, 2, 3, 4])
(10, 24)
"""
sum_value = 0
prod_value = 1
for n in numbers:
sum_value += n
prod_value *= n
return sum_value, prod_value
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List, Tuple
def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
""" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment
in the sequence.
>>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])
[1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and returns a new list where each element is the maximum value seen so far in the input list up to that point. The function iterates over the input list, keeping track of the maximum value encountered, and appends this maximum value to the output list at each step. The result is a list of rolling maximums, where each element represents the maximum value in the input list up to that index. | from typing import List, Tuple
def rolling_max(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
""" From a given list of integers, generate a list of rolling maximum element found until given moment
in the sequence.
>>> rolling_max([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2])
[1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]
"""
running_max = None
result = []
for n in numbers:
if running_max is None:
running_max = n
else:
running_max = max(running_max, n)
result.append(running_max)
return result
|
Complete the following function-
def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:
""" Test if given string is a palindrome """
return string == string[::-1]
def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:
""" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.
Algorithm idea is simple:
- Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.
- Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.
>>> make_palindrome('')
''
>>> make_palindrome('cat')
'catac'
>>> make_palindrome('cata')
'catac'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines two related functions. The first function checks if a given string is a palindrome by comparing it with its reverse. The second function takes a string as input and returns the shortest palindrome that can be formed by adding characters to the end of the input string. It does this by finding the longest palindromic suffix of the input string and appending the reverse of the remaining prefix to form a palindrome. |
def is_palindrome(string: str) -> bool:
""" Test if given string is a palindrome """
return string == string[::-1]
def make_palindrome(string: str) -> str:
""" Find the shortest palindrome that begins with a supplied string.
Algorithm idea is simple:
- Find the longest postfix of supplied string that is a palindrome.
- Append to the end of the string reverse of a string prefix that comes before the palindromic suffix.
>>> make_palindrome('')
''
>>> make_palindrome('cat')
'catac'
>>> make_palindrome('cata')
'catac'
"""
if not string:
return ''
beginning_of_suffix = 0
while not is_palindrome(string[beginning_of_suffix:]):
beginning_of_suffix += 1
return string + string[:beginning_of_suffix][::-1]
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
""" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
>>> string_xor('010', '110')
'100'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that performs a binary XOR operation on two input strings, which are expected to consist only of 1s and 0s. It takes these binary strings, performs an element-wise XOR operation, and returns the result as a new binary string. The XOR operation is implemented using a nested function, which checks each pair of corresponding characters from the input strings and returns '0' if they are the same and '1' if they are different. The results are then concatenated into a single output string. | from typing import List
def string_xor(a: str, b: str) -> str:
""" Input are two strings a and b consisting only of 1s and 0s.
Perform binary XOR on these inputs and return result also as a string.
>>> string_xor('010', '110')
'100'
"""
def xor(i, j):
if i == j:
return '0'
else:
return '1'
return ''.join(xor(x, y) for x, y in zip(a, b))
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List, Optional
def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
""" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
>>> longest([])
>>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
'a'
>>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
'ccc'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of strings as input and returns the longest string in the list. If there are multiple strings of the same maximum length, it returns the first one it encounters. If the input list is empty, it returns None. | from typing import List, Optional
def longest(strings: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
""" Out of list of strings, return the longest one. Return the first one in case of multiple
strings of the same length. Return None in case the input list is empty.
>>> longest([])
>>> longest(['a', 'b', 'c'])
'a'
>>> longest(['a', 'bb', 'ccc'])
'ccc'
"""
if not strings:
return None
maxlen = max(len(x) for x in strings)
for s in strings:
if len(s) == maxlen:
return s
|
Complete the following function-
def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:
""" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b
>>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)
1
>>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)
5
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function to calculate the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two integers using the Euclidean algorithm, which is a simple and efficient method. The function takes two integers as input and repeatedly replaces them with the smaller number and the remainder of their division until the remainder is zero, at which point it returns the non-zero number, which is the GCD. |
def greatest_common_divisor(a: int, b: int) -> int:
""" Return a greatest common divisor of two integers a and b
>>> greatest_common_divisor(3, 5)
1
>>> greatest_common_divisor(25, 15)
5
"""
while b:
a, b = b, a % b
return a
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
""" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string
>>> all_prefixes('abc')
['a', 'ab', 'abc']
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that generates and returns a list of all prefixes of a given input string, ranging from the shortest to the longest. | from typing import List
def all_prefixes(string: str) -> List[str]:
""" Return list of all prefixes from shortest to longest of the input string
>>> all_prefixes('abc')
['a', 'ab', 'abc']
"""
result = []
for i in range(len(string)):
result.append(string[:i+1])
return result
|
Complete the following function-
def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
""" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
>>> string_sequence(0)
'0'
>>> string_sequence(5)
'0 1 2 3 4 5'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that generates a string of space-separated numbers starting from 0 up to a given input number. |
def string_sequence(n: int) -> str:
""" Return a string containing space-delimited numbers starting from 0 upto n inclusive.
>>> string_sequence(0)
'0'
>>> string_sequence(5)
'0 1 2 3 4 5'
"""
return ' '.join([str(x) for x in range(n + 1)])
|
Complete the following function-
def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
""" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
>>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
3
>>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
4
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and returns the number of unique characters in that string, ignoring case differences. It does this by converting the string to lowercase and then using a set data structure, which automatically removes duplicates, and returns the size of the set. |
def count_distinct_characters(string: str) -> int:
""" Given a string, find out how many distinct characters (regardless of case) does it consist of
>>> count_distinct_characters('xyzXYZ')
3
>>> count_distinct_characters('Jerry')
4
"""
return len(set(string.lower()))
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
""" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
not last.
Here is a legend:
'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
'.|' - quater note, lasts one beat
>>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
[4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string of musical notes in a special ASCII format and returns a list of integers representing the duration of each note in beats. The function uses a dictionary to map each note symbol to its corresponding duration and then iterates over the input string, splitting it into individual notes and looking up their durations in the dictionary to create the output list. The function ignores any empty strings in the input. | from typing import List
def parse_music(music_string: str) -> List[int]:
""" Input to this function is a string representing musical notes in a special ASCII format.
Your task is to parse this string and return list of integers corresponding to how many beats does each
not last.
Here is a legend:
'o' - whole note, lasts four beats
'o|' - half note, lasts two beats
'.|' - quater note, lasts one beat
>>> parse_music('o o| .| o| o| .| .| .| .| o o')
[4, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4]
"""
note_map = {'o': 4, 'o|': 2, '.|': 1}
return [note_map[x] for x in music_string.split(' ') if x]
|
Complete the following function-
def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:
""" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.
>>> how_many_times('', 'a')
0
>>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')
3
>>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')
3
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that counts the number of times a given substring appears in a larger string, including overlapping occurrences. It iterates through the string, checking each possible position of the substring, and increments a counter whenever a match is found. The function then returns the total count. |
def how_many_times(string: str, substring: str) -> int:
""" Find how many times a given substring can be found in the original string. Count overlaping cases.
>>> how_many_times('', 'a')
0
>>> how_many_times('aaa', 'a')
3
>>> how_many_times('aaaa', 'aa')
3
"""
times = 0
for i in range(len(string) - len(substring) + 1):
if string[i:i+len(substring)] == substring:
times += 1
return times
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
""" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
>>> sort_numbers('three one five')
'one three five'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code takes a string of space-separated words representing numbers from 0 to 9 as input, and returns a new string with the numbers sorted in ascending order. It uses a dictionary to map the word representations to their numerical values, and the built-in `sorted` function to sort the input words based on their corresponding values. The resulting sorted words are then joined back into a string with spaces in between. | from typing import List
def sort_numbers(numbers: str) -> str:
""" Input is a space-delimited string of numberals from 'zero' to 'nine'.
Valid choices are 'zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight' and 'nine'.
Return the string with numbers sorted from smallest to largest
>>> sort_numbers('three one five')
'one three five'
"""
value_map = {
'zero': 0,
'one': 1,
'two': 2,
'three': 3,
'four': 4,
'five': 5,
'six': 6,
'seven': 7,
'eight': 8,
'nine': 9
}
return ' '.join(sorted([x for x in numbers.split(' ') if x], key=lambda x: value_map[x]))
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List, Tuple
def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:
""" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each
other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])
(2.0, 2.2)
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])
(2.0, 2.0)
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code is a function that takes a list of floating-point numbers as input and returns a tuple of two numbers from the list that are closest to each other in value. The numbers in the tuple are in ascending order. The function iterates through the list, calculating the absolute difference between each pair of numbers, and keeps track of the pair with the smallest difference. | from typing import List, Tuple
def find_closest_elements(numbers: List[float]) -> Tuple[float, float]:
""" From a supplied list of numbers (of length at least two) select and return two that are the closest to each
other and return them in order (smaller number, larger number).
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.2])
(2.0, 2.2)
>>> find_closest_elements([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0])
(2.0, 2.0)
"""
closest_pair = None
distance = None
for idx, elem in enumerate(numbers):
for idx2, elem2 in enumerate(numbers):
if idx != idx2:
if distance is None:
distance = abs(elem - elem2)
closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))
else:
new_distance = abs(elem - elem2)
if new_distance < distance:
distance = new_distance
closest_pair = tuple(sorted([elem, elem2]))
return closest_pair
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
""" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,
such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1
>>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
[0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of floating-point numbers as input and returns a new list where all numbers have been rescaled to a range of 0 to 1. The smallest number in the original list becomes 0, the largest number becomes 1, and all other numbers are proportionally transformed to fit within this range. | from typing import List
def rescale_to_unit(numbers: List[float]) -> List[float]:
""" Given list of numbers (of at least two elements), apply a linear transform to that list,
such that the smallest number will become 0 and the largest will become 1
>>> rescale_to_unit([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0])
[0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
"""
min_number = min(numbers)
max_number = max(numbers)
return [(x - min_number) / (max_number - min_number) for x in numbers]
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List, Any
def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
""" Filter given list of any python values only for integers
>>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
[5]
>>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
[1, 2, 3]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of mixed-type values as input and returns a new list containing only the integer values from the original list. It uses a list comprehension to iterate over the input list and includes only the elements that are instances of the integer type, effectively filtering out non-integer values. | from typing import List, Any
def filter_integers(values: List[Any]) -> List[int]:
""" Filter given list of any python values only for integers
>>> filter_integers(['a', 3.14, 5])
[5]
>>> filter_integers([1, 2, 3, 'abc', {}, []])
[1, 2, 3]
"""
return [x for x in values if isinstance(x, int)]
|
Complete the following function-
def strlen(string: str) -> int:
""" Return length of given string
>>> strlen('')
0
>>> strlen('abc')
3
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and returns its length. It's a simple implementation that utilizes the built-in `len` function to achieve this. |
def strlen(string: str) -> int:
""" Return length of given string
>>> strlen('')
0
>>> strlen('abc')
3
"""
return len(string)
|
Complete the following function-
def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:
""" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n
>>> largest_divisor(15)
5
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that finds the largest divisor of a given number, excluding the number itself. It does this by iterating from the number down to 1, checking each number to see if it divides the given number evenly, and returning the first one that does. |
def largest_divisor(n: int) -> int:
""" For a given number n, find the largest number that divides n evenly, smaller than n
>>> largest_divisor(15)
5
"""
for i in reversed(range(n)):
if n % i == 0:
return i
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:
""" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
>>> factorize(8)
[2, 2, 2]
>>> factorize(25)
[5, 5]
>>> factorize(70)
[2, 5, 7]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes an integer as input and returns a list of its prime factors in ascending order, with each factor repeated according to its frequency in the factorization. The function uses a trial division approach, starting from the smallest prime number (2), to find the factors of the input number. It iteratively divides the number by the smallest factor it finds until it can no longer do so, then increments the divisor until it finds the next factor. The process repeats until the input number is fully factorized. | from typing import List
def factorize(n: int) -> List[int]:
""" Return list of prime factors of given integer in the order from smallest to largest.
Each of the factors should be listed number of times corresponding to how many times it appeares in factorization.
Input number should be equal to the product of all factors
>>> factorize(8)
[2, 2, 2]
>>> factorize(25)
[5, 5]
>>> factorize(70)
[2, 5, 7]
"""
import math
fact = []
i = 2
while i <= int(math.sqrt(n) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
fact.append(i)
n //= i
else:
i += 1
if n > 1:
fact.append(n)
return fact
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
""" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
>>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
[1, 3, 4]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and returns a new list with duplicates removed, preserving the original order of elements. It uses the Counter class from the collections module to count the occurrences of each number and then uses a list comprehension to create a new list with only the numbers that appear once. | from typing import List
def remove_duplicates(numbers: List[int]) -> List[int]:
""" From a list of integers, remove all elements that occur more than once.
Keep order of elements left the same as in the input.
>>> remove_duplicates([1, 2, 3, 2, 4])
[1, 3, 4]
"""
import collections
c = collections.Counter(numbers)
return [n for n in numbers if c[n] <= 1]
|
Complete the following function-
def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
""" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
>>> flip_case('Hello')
'hELLO'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and returns a new string where the case of each character is flipped, i.e., all lowercase characters become uppercase and vice versa. |
def flip_case(string: str) -> str:
""" For a given string, flip lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase to lowercase.
>>> flip_case('Hello')
'hELLO'
"""
return string.swapcase()
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:
""" Concatenate list of strings into a single string
>>> concatenate([])
''
>>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])
'abc'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of strings as input and returns a single string that is the concatenation of all the strings in the list. | from typing import List
def concatenate(strings: List[str]) -> str:
""" Concatenate list of strings into a single string
>>> concatenate([])
''
>>> concatenate(['a', 'b', 'c'])
'abc'
"""
return ''.join(strings)
|
Complete the following function-
from typing import List
def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:
""" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.
>>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')
[]
>>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
['abc', 'array']
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of strings and a prefix as input, and returns a new list containing only the strings from the original list that start with the given prefix. The function uses a list comprehension to filter the strings, which is an efficient and concise way to achieve this functionality. | from typing import List
def filter_by_prefix(strings: List[str], prefix: str) -> List[str]:
""" Filter an input list of strings only for ones that start with a given prefix.
>>> filter_by_prefix([], 'a')
[]
>>> filter_by_prefix(['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'array'], 'a')
['abc', 'array']
"""
return [x for x in strings if x.startswith(prefix)]
|
Complete the following function-
def get_positive(l: list):
"""Return only positive numbers in the list.
>>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])
[2, 5, 6]
>>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
[5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of numbers as input and returns a new list containing only the positive numbers from the original list. It uses a list comprehension to iterate over the input list and includes only the elements that meet the condition of being greater than zero. |
def get_positive(l: list):
"""Return only positive numbers in the list.
>>> get_positive([-1, 2, -4, 5, 6])
[2, 5, 6]
>>> get_positive([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
[5, 3, 2, 3, 9, 123, 1]
"""
return [e for e in l if e > 0]
|
Complete the following function-
def is_prime(n):
"""Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
>>> is_prime(6)
False
>>> is_prime(101)
True
>>> is_prime(11)
True
>>> is_prime(13441)
True
>>> is_prime(61)
True
>>> is_prime(4)
False
>>> is_prime(1)
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function to determine whether a given integer is a prime number or not. The function returns True if the number is prime and False otherwise. It implements a simple trial division method to check for primality, iterating from 2 up to the number itself to see if it has any divisors. If it finds a divisor, it returns False, indicating the number is not prime. If it doesn't find any divisors, it returns True, indicating the number is prime. |
def is_prime(n):
"""Return true if a given number is prime, and false otherwise.
>>> is_prime(6)
False
>>> is_prime(101)
True
>>> is_prime(11)
True
>>> is_prime(13441)
True
>>> is_prime(61)
True
>>> is_prime(4)
False
>>> is_prime(1)
False
"""
if n < 2:
return False
for k in range(2, n - 1):
if n % k == 0:
return False
return True
|
Complete the following function-
import math
def poly(xs: list, x: float):
"""
Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
"""
return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])
def find_zero(xs: list):
""" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
a solution.
>>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
-0.5
>>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
1.0
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code evaluates a polynomial function and finds a zero point of the polynomial.
It first defines a function to evaluate a polynomial at a given point using the coefficients provided. Then, it defines a function to find a zero point of the polynomial by using a binary search-like approach, repeatedly narrowing down the range of possible values until it converges to a single point where the polynomial equals zero. The zero-finding function assumes the polynomial has an even number of coefficients and a non-zero leading coefficient, which guarantees the existence of a solution. | import math
def poly(xs: list, x: float):
"""
Evaluates polynomial with coefficients xs at point x.
return xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[1] * x^2 + .... xs[n] * x^n
"""
return sum([coeff * math.pow(x, i) for i, coeff in enumerate(xs)])
def find_zero(xs: list):
""" xs are coefficients of a polynomial.
find_zero find x such that poly(x) = 0.
find_zero returns only only zero point, even if there are many.
Moreover, find_zero only takes list xs having even number of coefficients
and largest non zero coefficient as it guarantees
a solution.
>>> round(find_zero([1, 2]), 2) # f(x) = 1 + 2x
-0.5
>>> round(find_zero([-6, 11, -6, 1]), 2) # (x - 1) * (x - 2) * (x - 3) = -6 + 11x - 6x^2 + x^3
1.0
"""
begin, end = -1., 1.
while poly(xs, begin) * poly(xs, end) > 0:
begin *= 2.0
end *= 2.0
while end - begin > 1e-10:
center = (begin + end) / 2.0
if poly(xs, center) * poly(xs, begin) > 0:
begin = center
else:
end = center
return begin
|
Complete the following function-
def sort_third(l: list):
"""This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
>>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
>>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
[2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list as input and returns a new list. The function leaves the elements at non-multiple-of-three indices unchanged, while sorting the elements at multiple-of-three indices. |
def sort_third(l: list):
"""This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
l' is identical to l in the indicies that are not divisible by three, while its values at the indicies that are divisible by three are equal
to the values of the corresponding indicies of l, but sorted.
>>> sort_third([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
>>> sort_third([5, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 2])
[2, 6, 3, 4, 8, 9, 5]
"""
l = list(l)
l[::3] = sorted(l[::3])
return l
|
Complete the following function-
def unique(l: list):
"""Return sorted unique elements in a list
>>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
[0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list as input, removes duplicates from the list, and returns a new list with the unique elements in sorted order. It achieves this by converting the input list to a set (which automatically removes duplicates) and then converting the set back to a list, which is then sorted in ascending order. |
def unique(l: list):
"""Return sorted unique elements in a list
>>> unique([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
[0, 2, 3, 5, 9, 123]
"""
return sorted(list(set(l)))
|
Complete the following function-
def max_element(l: list):
"""Return maximum element in the list.
>>> max_element([1, 2, 3])
3
>>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
123
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that finds and returns the maximum value in a given list of numbers. It initializes the maximum value as the first element of the list and then iterates through the list, updating the maximum value whenever it encounters a larger number. |
def max_element(l: list):
"""Return maximum element in the list.
>>> max_element([1, 2, 3])
3
>>> max_element([5, 3, -5, 2, -3, 3, 9, 0, 123, 1, -10])
123
"""
m = l[0]
for e in l:
if e > m:
m = e
return m
|
Complete the following function-
def fizz_buzz(n: int):
"""Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.
>>> fizz_buzz(50)
0
>>> fizz_buzz(78)
2
>>> fizz_buzz(79)
3
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that counts the occurrences of the digit 7 in numbers less than a given input number (n) that are divisible by either 11 or 13. It does this by first generating a list of such numbers, concatenating them into a string, and then iterating over the string to count the occurrences of the digit 7. |
def fizz_buzz(n: int):
"""Return the number of times the digit 7 appears in integers less than n which are divisible by 11 or 13.
>>> fizz_buzz(50)
0
>>> fizz_buzz(78)
2
>>> fizz_buzz(79)
3
"""
ns = []
for i in range(n):
if i % 11 == 0 or i % 13 == 0:
ns.append(i)
s = ''.join(list(map(str, ns)))
ans = 0
for c in s:
ans += (c == '7')
return ans
|
Complete the following function-
def sort_even(l: list):
"""This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal
to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.
>>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
>>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])
[3, 6, 5, 4]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list as input and returns a new list. The new list preserves the values at odd indices from the original list, while the values at even indices are sorted. It achieves this by separating the list into two parts: one with elements at even indices and one with elements at odd indices, sorting the even-indexed elements, and then interleaving them back together. |
def sort_even(l: list):
"""This function takes a list l and returns a list l' such that
l' is identical to l in the odd indicies, while its values at the even indicies are equal
to the values of the even indicies of l, but sorted.
>>> sort_even([1, 2, 3])
[1, 2, 3]
>>> sort_even([5, 6, 3, 4])
[3, 6, 5, 4]
"""
evens = l[::2]
odds = l[1::2]
evens.sort()
ans = []
for e, o in zip(evens, odds):
ans.extend([e, o])
if len(evens) > len(odds):
ans.append(evens[-1])
return ans
|
Complete the following function-
def encode_cyclic(s: str):
"""
returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.
"""
# split string to groups. Each of length 3.
groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]
# cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.
groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]
return "".join(groups)
def decode_cyclic(s: str):
"""
takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code provides two functions for encoding and decoding a string. The encoding function breaks the input string into groups of three characters, then rearranges each group by moving the first character to the end. The decoding function reverses this process by applying the encoding function again to the encoded string, effectively "cycling" the characters back to their original order. |
def encode_cyclic(s: str):
"""
returns encoded string by cycling groups of three characters.
"""
# split string to groups. Each of length 3.
groups = [s[(3 * i):min((3 * i + 3), len(s))] for i in range((len(s) + 2) // 3)]
# cycle elements in each group. Unless group has fewer elements than 3.
groups = [(group[1:] + group[0]) if len(group) == 3 else group for group in groups]
return "".join(groups)
def decode_cyclic(s: str):
"""
takes as input string encoded with encode_cyclic function. Returns decoded string.
"""
return encode_cyclic(encode_cyclic(s))
|
Complete the following function-
def prime_fib(n: int):
"""
prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
>>> prime_fib(1)
2
>>> prime_fib(2)
3
>>> prime_fib(3)
5
>>> prime_fib(4)
13
>>> prime_fib(5)
89
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code generates the nth Fibonacci number that is also a prime number. It uses a helper function to check if a number is prime, and a list to store the Fibonacci sequence. The code starts generating Fibonacci numbers from the beginning of the sequence and checks each number for primality. When it finds a prime Fibonacci number, it decrements a counter. When the counter reaches zero, it returns the current prime Fibonacci number. |
def prime_fib(n: int):
"""
prime_fib returns n-th number that is a Fibonacci number and it's also prime.
>>> prime_fib(1)
2
>>> prime_fib(2)
3
>>> prime_fib(3)
5
>>> prime_fib(4)
13
>>> prime_fib(5)
89
"""
import math
def is_prime(p):
if p < 2:
return False
for k in range(2, min(int(math.sqrt(p)) + 1, p - 1)):
if p % k == 0:
return False
return True
f = [0, 1]
while True:
f.append(f[-1] + f[-2])
if is_prime(f[-1]):
n -= 1
if n == 0:
return f[-1]
|
Complete the following function-
def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
"""
triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
sum to zero, and False otherwise.
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
False
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
True
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
False
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
True
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and checks if there are three distinct elements in the list that add up to zero. It uses a brute-force approach, iterating over all possible combinations of three elements in the list, and returns True if it finds a triplet that sums to zero, and False otherwise. |
def triples_sum_to_zero(l: list):
"""
triples_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
it returns True if there are three distinct elements in the list that
sum to zero, and False otherwise.
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
False
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
True
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
False
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 9, 7])
True
>>> triples_sum_to_zero([1])
False
"""
for i in range(len(l)):
for j in range(i + 1, len(l)):
for k in range(j + 1, len(l)):
if l[i] + l[j] + l[k] == 0:
return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
def car_race_collision(n: int):
"""
Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.
n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars
are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from
each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide
when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.
However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving
in their trajectory as if they did not collide.
This function outputs the number of such collisions.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This function calculates the number of collisions between two sets of cars moving in opposite directions on a straight road. It takes the number of cars in each set as input and returns the total number of collisions, which is the square of the input number. The implementation assumes that all cars move at the same speed and that collisions do not affect their movement. |
def car_race_collision(n: int):
"""
Imagine a road that's a perfectly straight infinitely long line.
n cars are driving left to right; simultaneously, a different set of n cars
are driving right to left. The two sets of cars start out being very far from
each other. All cars move in the same speed. Two cars are said to collide
when a car that's moving left to right hits a car that's moving right to left.
However, the cars are infinitely sturdy and strong; as a result, they continue moving
in their trajectory as if they did not collide.
This function outputs the number of such collisions.
"""
return n**2
|
Complete the following function-
def incr_list(l: list):
"""Return list with elements incremented by 1.
>>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
[2, 3, 4]
>>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
[6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of numbers as input and returns a new list where each element is incremented by 1. The function uses a list comprehension to create the new list, adding 1 to each element in the original list. |
def incr_list(l: list):
"""Return list with elements incremented by 1.
>>> incr_list([1, 2, 3])
[2, 3, 4]
>>> incr_list([5, 3, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 0, 123])
[6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 10, 1, 124]
"""
return [(e + 1) for e in l]
|
Complete the following function-
def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
"""
pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
sum to zero, and False otherwise.
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
True
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and returns True if it finds two distinct elements in the list that add up to zero, and False otherwise. It achieves this by iterating through the list with nested loops, checking every possible pair of elements to see if their sum is zero. If it finds such a pair, it immediately returns True; if it doesn't find any such pair after checking all possibilities, it returns False. |
def pairs_sum_to_zero(l):
"""
pairs_sum_to_zero takes a list of integers as an input.
it returns True if there are two distinct elements in the list that
sum to zero, and False otherwise.
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, 5, 0])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 3, -2, 1])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1, 2, 3, 7])
False
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([2, 4, -5, 3, 5, 7])
True
>>> pairs_sum_to_zero([1])
False
"""
for i, l1 in enumerate(l):
for j in range(i + 1, len(l)):
if l1 + l[j] == 0:
return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
def change_base(x: int, base: int):
"""Change numerical base of input number x to base.
return string representation after the conversion.
base numbers are less than 10.
>>> change_base(8, 3)
'22'
>>> change_base(8, 2)
'1000'
>>> change_base(7, 2)
'111'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that converts a given integer from decimal to a specified base (less than 10) and returns the result as a string. The function uses a while loop to repeatedly divide the input number by the target base, appending the remainder to the result string, until the number becomes 0. The resulting string is the representation of the input number in the specified base. |
def change_base(x: int, base: int):
"""Change numerical base of input number x to base.
return string representation after the conversion.
base numbers are less than 10.
>>> change_base(8, 3)
'22'
>>> change_base(8, 2)
'1000'
>>> change_base(7, 2)
'111'
"""
ret = ""
while x > 0:
ret = str(x % base) + ret
x //= base
return ret
|
Complete the following function-
def triangle_area(a, h):
"""Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.
>>> triangle_area(5, 3)
7.5
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that calculates the area of a triangle given the length of one side and the height of the triangle. The function takes two arguments, multiplies them together, and divides the result by 2, returning the calculated area. |
def triangle_area(a, h):
"""Given length of a side and high return area for a triangle.
>>> triangle_area(5, 3)
7.5
"""
return a * h / 2.0
|
Complete the following function-
def fib4(n: int):
"""The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
fib4(0) -> 0
fib4(1) -> 0
fib4(2) -> 2
fib4(3) -> 0
fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).
Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.
>>> fib4(5)
4
>>> fib4(6)
8
>>> fib4(7)
14
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
The code implements a function to compute the nth element of the Fib4 number sequence, a variation of the Fibonacci sequence. It uses an iterative approach with a dynamic array to store previously computed values, allowing it to efficiently calculate the sequence without recursion. The function starts with the base cases (n=0, 1, 2, 3) and then iteratively builds the sequence up to the desired n, using the last four computed values to calculate the next one. |
def fib4(n: int):
"""The Fib4 number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
fib4(0) -> 0
fib4(1) -> 0
fib4(2) -> 2
fib4(3) -> 0
fib4(n) -> fib4(n-1) + fib4(n-2) + fib4(n-3) + fib4(n-4).
Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fib4 number sequence. Do not use recursion.
>>> fib4(5)
4
>>> fib4(6)
8
>>> fib4(7)
14
"""
results = [0, 0, 2, 0]
if n < 4:
return results[n]
for _ in range(4, n + 1):
results.append(results[-1] + results[-2] + results[-3] + results[-4])
results.pop(0)
return results[-1]
|
Complete the following function-
def median(l: list):
"""Return median of elements in the list l.
>>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
3
>>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])
15.0
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function to calculate the median of a list of numbers. The function first sorts the input list, then determines whether the list has an odd or even number of elements. If the list has an odd number of elements, it returns the middle element as the median. If the list has an even number of elements, it returns the average of the two middle elements as the median. |
def median(l: list):
"""Return median of elements in the list l.
>>> median([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
3
>>> median([-10, 4, 6, 1000, 10, 20])
15.0
"""
l = sorted(l)
if len(l) % 2 == 1:
return l[len(l) // 2]
else:
return (l[len(l) // 2 - 1] + l[len(l) // 2]) / 2.0
|
Complete the following function-
def is_palindrome(text: str):
"""
Checks if given string is a palindrome
>>> is_palindrome('')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aba')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')
True
>>> is_palindrome('zbcd')
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines whether a given string is a palindrome or not. A palindrome is a string that reads the same backwards as forwards. The function iterates over the string, comparing characters from the start and end, moving towards the center. If it finds a pair of characters that don't match, it immediately returns False, indicating the string is not a palindrome. If it completes the iteration without finding any mismatches, it returns True, indicating the string is a palindrome. |
def is_palindrome(text: str):
"""
Checks if given string is a palindrome
>>> is_palindrome('')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aba')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aaaaa')
True
>>> is_palindrome('zbcd')
False
"""
for i in range(len(text)):
if text[i] != text[len(text) - 1 - i]:
return False
return True
|
Complete the following function-
def modp(n: int, p: int):
"""Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).
>>> modp(3, 5)
3
>>> modp(1101, 101)
2
>>> modp(0, 101)
1
>>> modp(3, 11)
8
>>> modp(100, 101)
1
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates 2 raised to the power of n and then finds the remainder when divided by p. It uses a loop to multiply the result by 2, n times, and takes the modulus with p at each step to prevent overflow. The function returns the final result. |
def modp(n: int, p: int):
"""Return 2^n modulo p (be aware of numerics).
>>> modp(3, 5)
3
>>> modp(1101, 101)
2
>>> modp(0, 101)
1
>>> modp(3, 11)
8
>>> modp(100, 101)
1
"""
ret = 1
for i in range(n):
ret = (2 * ret) % p
return ret
|
Complete the following function-
def encode_shift(s: str):
"""
returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.
"""
return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])
def decode_shift(s: str):
"""
takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code implements a simple Caesar cipher, a type of substitution cipher, for encoding and decoding strings. The encoding function shifts each character in the input string by 5 positions in the alphabet, wrapping around to the beginning of the alphabet when necessary. The decoding function reverses this process, shifting characters back by 5 positions to retrieve the original string. The implementation uses ASCII values to perform the shifting, ensuring that the encoding and decoding are reversible. |
def encode_shift(s: str):
"""
returns encoded string by shifting every character by 5 in the alphabet.
"""
return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) + 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])
def decode_shift(s: str):
"""
takes as input string encoded with encode_shift function. Returns decoded string.
"""
return "".join([chr(((ord(ch) - 5 - ord("a")) % 26) + ord("a")) for ch in s])
|
Complete the following function-
def remove_vowels(text):
"""
remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.
>>> remove_vowels('')
''
>>> remove_vowels("abcdef\nghijklm")
'bcdf\nghjklm'
>>> remove_vowels('abcdef')
'bcdf'
>>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')
''
>>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')
'B'
>>> remove_vowels('zbcd')
'zbcd'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and returns a new string with all vowels removed. The function uses a list comprehension to iterate over each character in the input string, checks if the character (in lowercase) is not a vowel, and joins the remaining characters back into a string. The function is case-insensitive, meaning it treats both lowercase and uppercase vowels as vowels to be removed. |
def remove_vowels(text):
"""
remove_vowels is a function that takes string and returns string without vowels.
>>> remove_vowels('')
''
>>> remove_vowels("abcdef\nghijklm")
'bcdf\nghjklm'
>>> remove_vowels('abcdef')
'bcdf'
>>> remove_vowels('aaaaa')
''
>>> remove_vowels('aaBAA')
'B'
>>> remove_vowels('zbcd')
'zbcd'
"""
return "".join([s for s in text if s.lower() not in ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]])
|
Complete the following function-
def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
"""Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
>>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
True
>>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of numbers and a threshold value as input. It checks if all numbers in the list are below the given threshold. If any number in the list is greater than or equal to the threshold, it immediately returns False. If it iterates through the entire list without finding such a number, it returns True, indicating that all numbers in the list are below the threshold. |
def below_threshold(l: list, t: int):
"""Return True if all numbers in the list l are below threshold t.
>>> below_threshold([1, 2, 4, 10], 100)
True
>>> below_threshold([1, 20, 4, 10], 5)
False
"""
for e in l:
if e >= t:
return False
return True
|
Complete the following function-
def add(x: int, y: int):
"""Add two numbers x and y
>>> add(2, 3)
5
>>> add(5, 7)
12
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a simple arithmetic function that takes two integer inputs and returns their sum. The function is implemented using the built-in addition operator and has a docstring that describes its purpose. The code also includes example usage demonstrations that illustrate the function's expected behavior. |
def add(x: int, y: int):
"""Add two numbers x and y
>>> add(2, 3)
5
>>> add(5, 7)
12
"""
return x + y
|
Complete the following function-
def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):
"""
Check if two words have the same characters.
>>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')
True
>>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')
True
>>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')
True
>>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')
False
>>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')
False
>>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes two strings as input and checks if they contain the same characters, regardless of their order or frequency. It does this by converting each string into a set, which removes duplicates and ignores the order of characters, and then compares the two sets for equality. If the sets are equal, it means the original strings have the same characters, and the function returns True; otherwise, it returns False. |
def same_chars(s0: str, s1: str):
"""
Check if two words have the same characters.
>>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddeddabc')
True
>>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabc')
True
>>> same_chars('dddddddabc', 'abcd')
True
>>> same_chars('eabcd', 'dddddddabc')
False
>>> same_chars('abcd', 'dddddddabce')
False
>>> same_chars('eabcdzzzz', 'dddzzzzzzzddddabc')
False
"""
return set(s0) == set(s1)
|
Complete the following function-
def fib(n: int):
"""Return n-th Fibonacci number.
>>> fib(10)
55
>>> fib(1)
1
>>> fib(8)
21
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a recursive function to calculate the nth number in the Fibonacci sequence, where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. The function takes an integer as input and returns the corresponding Fibonacci number. It has a simple implementation with base cases for n being 0 and 1, and recursively calls itself for larger values of n. |
def fib(n: int):
"""Return n-th Fibonacci number.
>>> fib(10)
55
>>> fib(1)
1
>>> fib(8)
21
"""
if n == 0:
return 0
if n == 1:
return 1
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
|
Complete the following function-
def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
""" brackets is a string of "<" and ">".
return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.
>>> correct_bracketing("<")
False
>>> correct_bracketing("<>")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("<<><>>")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("><<>")
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code checks if a given string of brackets has correct bracketing. It iterates through the string, incrementing a counter for each opening bracket and decrementing for each closing bracket. If the counter ever goes below zero, it means there's a closing bracket without a corresponding opening bracket, so the function returns False. If the counter is zero at the end, it means every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket, so the function returns True. |
def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
""" brackets is a string of "<" and ">".
return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.
>>> correct_bracketing("<")
False
>>> correct_bracketing("<>")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("<<><>>")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("><<>")
False
"""
depth = 0
for b in brackets:
if b == "<":
depth += 1
else:
depth -= 1
if depth < 0:
return False
return depth == 0
|
Complete the following function-
def monotonic(l: list):
"""Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.
>>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])
True
>>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])
False
>>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])
True
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines whether the elements of a given list are monotonically increasing or decreasing. It does this by comparing the original list with its sorted and reverse-sorted versions. If the original list matches either of these, it returns True, indicating monotonicity. Otherwise, it returns False. |
def monotonic(l: list):
"""Return True is list elements are monotonically increasing or decreasing.
>>> monotonic([1, 2, 4, 20])
True
>>> monotonic([1, 20, 4, 10])
False
>>> monotonic([4, 1, 0, -10])
True
"""
if l == sorted(l) or l == sorted(l, reverse=True):
return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
def common(l1: list, l2: list):
"""Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
>>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
[1, 5, 653]
>>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
[2, 3]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes two lists as input and returns a new list containing the common elements between them. The returned list is sorted and contains only unique elements. The function achieves this by iterating through each element of the first list and checking if it exists in the second list, adding it to a set (which automatically removes duplicates) and then converting the set back to a list and sorting it. |
def common(l1: list, l2: list):
"""Return sorted unique common elements for two lists.
>>> common([1, 4, 3, 34, 653, 2, 5], [5, 7, 1, 5, 9, 653, 121])
[1, 5, 653]
>>> common([5, 3, 2, 8], [3, 2])
[2, 3]
"""
ret = set()
for e1 in l1:
for e2 in l2:
if e1 == e2:
ret.add(e1)
return sorted(list(ret))
|
Complete the following function-
def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
"""Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
>>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
29
>>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
2
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code is designed to find the largest prime factor of a given number. It first defines a helper function to check if a number is prime, then iterates through all numbers up to the input number to find the largest factor that is also prime. |
def largest_prime_factor(n: int):
"""Return the largest prime factor of n. Assume n > 1 and is not a prime.
>>> largest_prime_factor(13195)
29
>>> largest_prime_factor(2048)
2
"""
def is_prime(k):
if k < 2:
return False
for i in range(2, k - 1):
if k % i == 0:
return False
return True
largest = 1
for j in range(2, n + 1):
if n % j == 0 and is_prime(j):
largest = max(largest, j)
return largest
|
Complete the following function-
def sum_to_n(n: int):
"""sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
>>> sum_to_n(30)
465
>>> sum_to_n(100)
5050
>>> sum_to_n(5)
15
>>> sum_to_n(10)
55
>>> sum_to_n(1)
1
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that calculates the sum of all numbers from 1 to a given input number (n). |
def sum_to_n(n: int):
"""sum_to_n is a function that sums numbers from 1 to n.
>>> sum_to_n(30)
465
>>> sum_to_n(100)
5050
>>> sum_to_n(5)
15
>>> sum_to_n(10)
55
>>> sum_to_n(1)
1
"""
return sum(range(n + 1))
|
Complete the following function-
def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
""" brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.
>>> correct_bracketing("(")
False
>>> correct_bracketing("()")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
True
>>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that checks if a given string of parentheses has correct bracketing, meaning every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket. It does this by iterating through the string, incrementing a counter for each opening bracket and decrementing it for each closing bracket. If the counter ever goes negative, it immediately returns False, indicating incorrect bracketing. If the function finishes iterating through the string and the counter is zero, it returns True, indicating correct bracketing. |
def correct_bracketing(brackets: str):
""" brackets is a string of "(" and ")".
return True if every opening bracket has a corresponding closing bracket.
>>> correct_bracketing("(")
False
>>> correct_bracketing("()")
True
>>> correct_bracketing("(()())")
True
>>> correct_bracketing(")(()")
False
"""
depth = 0
for b in brackets:
if b == "(":
depth += 1
else:
depth -= 1
if depth < 0:
return False
return depth == 0
|
Complete the following function-
def derivative(xs: list):
""" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
>>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
[1, 4, 12, 20]
>>> derivative([1, 2, 3])
[2, 6]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates the derivative of a polynomial represented as a list of coefficients. The list index corresponds to the exponent of the variable (x) in the polynomial, with 0 being the constant term, 1 being the linear term, 2 being the quadratic term, and so on. The function returns a new list representing the derivative of the polynomial, where each element is the derivative of the corresponding term in the original polynomial. |
def derivative(xs: list):
""" xs represent coefficients of a polynomial.
xs[0] + xs[1] * x + xs[2] * x^2 + ....
Return derivative of this polynomial in the same form.
>>> derivative([3, 1, 2, 4, 5])
[1, 4, 12, 20]
>>> derivative([1, 2, 3])
[2, 6]
"""
return [(i * x) for i, x in enumerate(xs)][1:]
|
Complete the following function-
def fibfib(n: int):
"""The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
fibfib(0) == 0
fibfib(1) == 0
fibfib(2) == 1
fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).
Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.
>>> fibfib(1)
0
>>> fibfib(5)
4
>>> fibfib(8)
24
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
The given code is an implementation of the FibFib number sequence, a variant of the Fibonacci sequence. However, it is not efficient because it has a high time complexity due to redundant calculations.
A more efficient implementation would be to use dynamic programming, storing previously calculated values in an array or dictionary to avoid redundant calculations and reduce the time complexity. The purpose of the function is to compute the nth element of the FibFib sequence. The implementation is based on the recursive formula, but it lacks a memoization mechanism to optimize performance. A better approach would be to use an iterative solution with memoization to achieve efficient computation. |
def fibfib(n: int):
"""The FibFib number sequence is a sequence similar to the Fibbonacci sequnece that's defined as follows:
fibfib(0) == 0
fibfib(1) == 0
fibfib(2) == 1
fibfib(n) == fibfib(n-1) + fibfib(n-2) + fibfib(n-3).
Please write a function to efficiently compute the n-th element of the fibfib number sequence.
>>> fibfib(1)
0
>>> fibfib(5)
4
>>> fibfib(8)
24
"""
if n == 0:
return 0
if n == 1:
return 0
if n == 2:
return 1
return fibfib(n - 1) + fibfib(n - 2) + fibfib(n - 3)
|
Complete the following function-
FIX = """
Add more test cases.
"""
def vowels_count(s):
"""Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing
a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.
Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a
vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.
Example:
>>> vowels_count("abcde")
2
>>> vowels_count("ACEDY")
3
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that counts the number of vowels in a given string. The function considers the standard vowels 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' (both lowercase and uppercase) and also treats 'y' as a vowel if it appears at the end of the string. The function uses a generator expression to count the vowels and then adjusts the count if the string ends with 'y' or 'Y'. |
FIX = """
Add more test cases.
"""
def vowels_count(s):
"""Write a function vowels_count which takes a string representing
a word as input and returns the number of vowels in the string.
Vowels in this case are 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. Here, 'y' is also a
vowel, but only when it is at the end of the given word.
Example:
>>> vowels_count("abcde")
2
>>> vowels_count("ACEDY")
3
"""
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
n_vowels = sum(c in vowels for c in s)
if s[-1] == 'y' or s[-1] == 'Y':
n_vowels += 1
return n_vowels
|
Complete the following function-
def circular_shift(x, shift):
"""Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift
and return the result as a string.
If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.
>>> circular_shift(12, 1)
"21"
>>> circular_shift(12, 2)
"12"
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that performs a circular shift operation on the digits of an integer. It takes an integer and a shift value as input, converts the integer to a string, and then rearranges the digits according to the shift value. If the shift value is greater than the number of digits, it simply reverses the digits. The function returns the resulting string. |
def circular_shift(x, shift):
"""Circular shift the digits of the integer x, shift the digits right by shift
and return the result as a string.
If shift > number of digits, return digits reversed.
>>> circular_shift(12, 1)
"21"
>>> circular_shift(12, 2)
"12"
"""
s = str(x)
if shift > len(s):
return s[::-1]
else:
return s[len(s) - shift:] + s[:len(s) - shift]
|
Complete the following function-
def digitSum(s):
"""Task
Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'
ASCII codes.
Examples:
digitSum("") => 0
digitSum("abAB") => 131
digitSum("abcCd") => 67
digitSum("helloE") => 69
digitSum("woArBld") => 131
digitSum("aAaaaXa") => 153
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and calculates the sum of the ASCII codes of all uppercase characters in the string. It iterates through each character in the string, checks if it's uppercase using the `isupper()` method, and if so, adds its ASCII code (obtained using the `ord()` function) to a running total. |
def digitSum(s):
"""Task
Write a function that takes a string as input and returns the sum of the upper characters only'
ASCII codes.
Examples:
digitSum("") => 0
digitSum("abAB") => 131
digitSum("abcCd") => 67
digitSum("helloE") => 69
digitSum("woArBld") => 131
digitSum("aAaaaXa") => 153
"""
if s == "": return 0
return sum(ord(char) if char.isupper() else 0 for char in s)
|
Complete the following function-
def fruit_distribution(s,n):
"""
In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges
that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains
apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of
the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits
in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.
for examble:
fruit_distribution("5 apples and 6 oranges", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8
fruit_distribution("0 apples and 1 oranges",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2
fruit_distribution("2 apples and 3 oranges", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95
fruit_distribution("100 apples and 1 oranges",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates the number of mangoes in a fruit basket given a string describing the number of apples and oranges, and the total number of fruits. It does this by parsing the string to extract the numbers of apples and oranges, then subtracting those from the total number of fruits to find the number of mangoes. |
def fruit_distribution(s,n):
"""
In this task, you will be given a string that represents a number of apples and oranges
that are distributed in a basket of fruit this basket contains
apples, oranges, and mango fruits. Given the string that represents the total number of
the oranges and apples and an integer that represent the total number of the fruits
in the basket return the number of the mango fruits in the basket.
for examble:
fruit_distribution("5 apples and 6 oranges", 19) ->19 - 5 - 6 = 8
fruit_distribution("0 apples and 1 oranges",3) -> 3 - 0 - 1 = 2
fruit_distribution("2 apples and 3 oranges", 100) -> 100 - 2 - 3 = 95
fruit_distribution("100 apples and 1 oranges",120) -> 120 - 100 - 1 = 19
"""
lis = list()
for i in s.split(' '):
if i.isdigit():
lis.append(int(i))
return n - sum(lis)
|
Complete the following function-
def pluck(arr):
"""
"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes
your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.
The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.
If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.
The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],
If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].
Example 1:
Input: [4,2,3]
Output: [2, 1]
Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.
Example 2:
Input: [1,2,3]
Output: [2, 1]
Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.
Example 3:
Input: []
Output: []
Example 4:
Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]
Output: [0, 1]
Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,
so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.
Constraints:
* 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000
* 0 <= node.value
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes an array of integers as input and returns a list containing the smallest even number from the array, along with its index. If there are multiple smallest even numbers, it returns the one with the smallest index. If the array is empty or contains no even numbers, it returns an empty list. The function filters out the even numbers from the array, finds the smallest even number, and then finds its index in the original array. |
def pluck(arr):
"""
"Given an array representing a branch of a tree that has non-negative integer nodes
your task is to pluck one of the nodes and return it.
The plucked node should be the node with the smallest even value.
If multiple nodes with the same smallest even value are found return the node that has smallest index.
The plucked node should be returned in a list, [ smalest_value, its index ],
If there are no even values or the given array is empty, return [].
Example 1:
Input: [4,2,3]
Output: [2, 1]
Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.
Example 2:
Input: [1,2,3]
Output: [2, 1]
Explanation: 2 has the smallest even value, and 2 has the smallest index.
Example 3:
Input: []
Output: []
Example 4:
Input: [5, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2]
Output: [0, 1]
Explanation: 0 is the smallest value, but there are two zeros,
so we will choose the first zero, which has the smallest index.
Constraints:
* 1 <= nodes.length <= 10000
* 0 <= node.value
"""
if(len(arr) == 0): return []
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, arr))
if(evens == []): return []
return [min(evens), arr.index(min(evens))]
|
Complete the following function-
def search(lst):
'''
You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than
zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself.
The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.
If no such a value exist, return -1.
Examples:
search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2
search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3
search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of positive integers as input and returns the greatest integer that appears in the list with a frequency greater than or equal to its own value. If no such integer exists, it returns -1. The function implements a frequency counter using an array to store the count of each integer, then iterates through the array to find the largest integer that meets the condition. |
def search(lst):
'''
You are given a non-empty list of positive integers. Return the greatest integer that is greater than
zero, and has a frequency greater than or equal to the value of the integer itself.
The frequency of an integer is the number of times it appears in the list.
If no such a value exist, return -1.
Examples:
search([4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1]) == 2
search([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]) == 3
search([5, 5, 4, 4, 4]) == -1
'''
frq = [0] * (max(lst) + 1)
for i in lst:
frq[i] += 1;
ans = -1
for i in range(1, len(frq)):
if frq[i] >= i:
ans = i
return ans
|
Complete the following function-
def strange_sort_list(lst):
'''
Given list of integers, return list in strange order.
Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,
then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.
Examples:
strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]
strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]
strange_sort_list([]) == []
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code implements a custom sorting algorithm that rearranges the elements of a given list of integers in a specific order. The order is determined by alternating between the minimum and maximum values of the remaining elements in the list. It starts with the smallest value, followed by the largest, then the smallest of the remaining, followed by the largest, and so on. |
def strange_sort_list(lst):
'''
Given list of integers, return list in strange order.
Strange sorting, is when you start with the minimum value,
then maximum of the remaining integers, then minimum and so on.
Examples:
strange_sort_list([1, 2, 3, 4]) == [1, 4, 2, 3]
strange_sort_list([5, 5, 5, 5]) == [5, 5, 5, 5]
strange_sort_list([]) == []
'''
res, switch = [], True
while lst:
res.append(min(lst) if switch else max(lst))
lst.remove(res[-1])
switch = not switch
return res
|
Complete the following function-
def triangle_area(a, b, c):
'''
Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of
the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle.
Otherwise return -1
Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater
than the third side.
Example:
triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00
triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates the area of a triangle given the lengths of its three sides. It first checks if the given sides form a valid triangle by ensuring that the sum of any two sides is greater than the third side. If they do, it calculates the area using Heron's formula, rounds the result to 2 decimal places, and returns it. If not, it returns -1. |
def triangle_area(a, b, c):
'''
Given the lengths of the three sides of a triangle. Return the area of
the triangle rounded to 2 decimal points if the three sides form a valid triangle.
Otherwise return -1
Three sides make a valid triangle when the sum of any two sides is greater
than the third side.
Example:
triangle_area(3, 4, 5) == 6.00
triangle_area(1, 2, 10) == -1
'''
if a + b <= c or a + c <= b or b + c <= a:
return -1
s = (a + b + c)/2
area = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c)) ** 0.5
area = round(area, 2)
return area
|
Complete the following function-
def will_it_fly(q,w):
'''
Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.
The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.
Example:
will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) âžž False
# 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.
will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) âžž False
# it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.
will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) âžž True
# 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
will_it_fly([3], 5) âžž True
# 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines whether a given object (represented as a list) will "fly" based on two conditions: the sum of its elements must not exceed a certain maximum weight, and the list must be a palindrome (i.e., its elements must read the same forwards and backwards). The function returns `True` if both conditions are met, and `False` otherwise. |
def will_it_fly(q,w):
'''
Write a function that returns True if the object q will fly, and False otherwise.
The object q will fly if it's balanced (it is a palindromic list) and the sum of its elements is less than or equal the maximum possible weight w.
Example:
will_it_fly([1, 2], 5) âžž False
# 1+2 is less than the maximum possible weight, but it's unbalanced.
will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 1) âžž False
# it's balanced, but 3+2+3 is more than the maximum possible weight.
will_it_fly([3, 2, 3], 9) âžž True
# 3+2+3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
will_it_fly([3], 5) âžž True
# 3 is less than the maximum possible weight, and it's balanced.
'''
if sum(q) > w:
return False
i, j = 0, len(q)-1
while i<j:
if q[i] != q[j]:
return False
i+=1
j-=1
return True
|
Complete the following function-
def smallest_change(arr):
"""
Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that
need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that
is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.
For example:
smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4
smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1
smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code is a function that determines the minimum number of elements that need to be modified in a given array to make it a palindrome. It iterates through the first half of the array, comparing each element with its corresponding element from the end of the array. If the elements don't match, it increments a counter, which represents the minimum number of changes required to make the array palindromic. |
def smallest_change(arr):
"""
Given an array arr of integers, find the minimum number of elements that
need to be changed to make the array palindromic. A palindromic array is an array that
is read the same backwards and forwards. In one change, you can change one element to any other element.
For example:
smallest_change([1,2,3,5,4,7,9,6]) == 4
smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2]) == 1
smallest_change([1, 2, 3, 2, 1]) == 0
"""
ans = 0
for i in range(len(arr) // 2):
if arr[i] != arr[len(arr) - i - 1]:
ans += 1
return ans
|
Complete the following function-
def total_match(lst1, lst2):
'''
Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has
total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.
if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.
Examples
total_match([], []) âžž []
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) âžž ['hI', 'Hi']
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) âžž ['hi', 'admin']
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) âžž ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']
total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) âžž ['4']
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that compares two lists of strings and returns the list with a total number of characters less than or equal to the other list. If both lists have the same total number of characters, it returns the first list. The function iterates through each list, summing up the length of each string to calculate the total number of characters in each list, and then makes a decision based on the comparison of these totals. |
def total_match(lst1, lst2):
'''
Write a function that accepts two lists of strings and returns the list that has
total number of chars in the all strings of the list less than the other list.
if the two lists have the same number of chars, return the first list.
Examples
total_match([], []) âžž []
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'Hi']) âžž ['hI', 'Hi']
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hi', 'hi', 'admin', 'project']) âžž ['hi', 'admin']
total_match(['hi', 'admin'], ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']) âžž ['hI', 'hi', 'hi']
total_match(['4'], ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']) âžž ['4']
'''
l1 = 0
for st in lst1:
l1 += len(st)
l2 = 0
for st in lst2:
l2 += len(st)
if l1 <= l2:
return lst1
else:
return lst2
|
Complete the following function-
def is_multiply_prime(a):
"""Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers
and false otherwise.
Knowing that (a) is less then 100.
Example:
is_multiply_prime(30) == True
30 = 2 * 3 * 5
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines if a given input number is the product of three prime numbers. It first defines a helper function to check if a number is prime. Then, it iterates through all possible combinations of three numbers less than 100, checks if they are prime, and returns true if their product equals the input number. If no such combination is found, it returns false. |
def is_multiply_prime(a):
"""Write a function that returns true if the given number is the multiplication of 3 prime numbers
and false otherwise.
Knowing that (a) is less then 100.
Example:
is_multiply_prime(30) == True
30 = 2 * 3 * 5
"""
def is_prime(n):
for j in range(2,n):
if n%j == 0:
return False
return True
for i in range(2,101):
if not is_prime(i): continue
for j in range(2,101):
if not is_prime(j): continue
for k in range(2,101):
if not is_prime(k): continue
if i*j*k == a: return True
return False
|
Complete the following function-
def is_simple_power(x, n):
"""Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
power of n and false in other cases.
x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
For example:
is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines if a given number `x` is a simple power of `n`. A simple power of `n` means that `x` can be expressed as `n` raised to some integer exponent. The function iteratively calculates powers of `n` until it reaches or exceeds `x`, and returns `True` if `x` is exactly equal to a power of `n`, and `False` otherwise. |
def is_simple_power(x, n):
"""Your task is to write a function that returns true if a number x is a simple
power of n and false in other cases.
x is a simple power of n if n**int=x
For example:
is_simple_power(1, 4) => true
is_simple_power(2, 2) => true
is_simple_power(8, 2) => true
is_simple_power(3, 2) => false
is_simple_power(3, 1) => false
is_simple_power(5, 3) => false
"""
if (n == 1):
return (x == 1)
power = 1
while (power < x):
power = power * n
return (power == x)
|
Complete the following function-
def iscube(a):
'''
Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True
if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.
Note: you may assume the input is always valid.
Examples:
iscube(1) ==> True
iscube(2) ==> False
iscube(-1) ==> True
iscube(64) ==> True
iscube(0) ==> True
iscube(180) ==> False
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
The provided code defines a function that determines whether a given integer is a perfect cube of some integer. It does this by first taking the absolute value of the input number, then raising it to the power of 1/3 to get the cube root, rounding the result to the nearest integer, cubing this value, and checking if it equals the original number. If it does, the function returns True, indicating that the number is a cube; otherwise, it returns False. |
def iscube(a):
'''
Write a function that takes an integer a and returns True
if this ingeger is a cube of some integer number.
Note: you may assume the input is always valid.
Examples:
iscube(1) ==> True
iscube(2) ==> False
iscube(-1) ==> True
iscube(64) ==> True
iscube(0) ==> True
iscube(180) ==> False
'''
a = abs(a)
return int(round(a ** (1. / 3))) ** 3 == a
|
Complete the following function-
def hex_key(num):
"""You have been tasked to write a function that receives
a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal
digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number
greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7,
B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string,
and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
Examples:
For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a hexadecimal number as a string input and returns the count of prime hexadecimal digits within it. The prime digits considered are 2, 3, 5, 7, B (decimal 11), and D (decimal 13). The function iterates through each character in the input string, checks if it's a prime digit, and increments a counter accordingly. |
def hex_key(num):
"""You have been tasked to write a function that receives
a hexadecimal number as a string and counts the number of hexadecimal
digits that are primes (prime number, or a prime, is a natural number
greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers).
Hexadecimal digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,...
So you have to determine a number of the following digits: 2, 3, 5, 7,
B (=decimal 11), D (=decimal 13).
Note: you may assume the input is always correct or empty string,
and symbols A,B,C,D,E,F are always uppercase.
Examples:
For num = "AB" the output should be 1.
For num = "1077E" the output should be 2.
For num = "ABED1A33" the output should be 4.
For num = "123456789ABCDEF0" the output should be 6.
For num = "2020" the output should be 2.
"""
primes = ('2', '3', '5', '7', 'B', 'D')
total = 0
for i in range(0, len(num)):
if num[i] in primes:
total += 1
return total
|
Complete the following function-
def decimal_to_binary(decimal):
"""You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to
binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary
number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.
There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.
The extra characters are there to help with the format.
Examples:
decimal_to_binary(15) # returns "db1111db"
decimal_to_binary(32) # returns "db100000db"
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that converts a given decimal number to its binary representation as a string. The resulting string is formatted with "db" appended at the beginning and end, with each character in the string being either '0' or '1', representing the binary digits. The function utilizes the built-in `bin` function to perform the conversion, then modifies the output to fit the desired format. |
def decimal_to_binary(decimal):
"""You will be given a number in decimal form and your task is to convert it to
binary format. The function should return a string, with each character representing a binary
number. Each character in the string will be '0' or '1'.
There will be an extra couple of characters 'db' at the beginning and at the end of the string.
The extra characters are there to help with the format.
Examples:
decimal_to_binary(15) # returns "db1111db"
decimal_to_binary(32) # returns "db100000db"
"""
return "db" + bin(decimal)[2:] + "db"
|
Complete the following function-
def is_happy(s):
"""You are given a string s.
Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
For example:
is_happy(a) => False
is_happy(aa) => False
is_happy(abcd) => True
is_happy(aabb) => False
is_happy(adb) => True
is_happy(xyy) => False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines whether a given string is "happy" or not. A string is considered "happy" if it has a length of at least 3 characters and every 3 consecutive characters in the string are unique. The function iterates through the string, checking each set of 3 consecutive characters to ensure they are all distinct. If it finds a set of 3 consecutive characters that are not unique, it returns False, indicating the string is not happy. If it checks the entire string without finding any non-unique sets of 3 consecutive characters, it returns True, indicating the string is happy. |
def is_happy(s):
"""You are given a string s.
Your task is to check if the string is happy or not.
A string is happy if its length is at least 3 and every 3 consecutive letters are distinct
For example:
is_happy(a) => False
is_happy(aa) => False
is_happy(abcd) => True
is_happy(aabb) => False
is_happy(adb) => True
is_happy(xyy) => False
"""
if len(s) < 3:
return False
for i in range(len(s) - 2):
if s[i] == s[i+1] or s[i+1] == s[i+2] or s[i] == s[i+2]:
return False
return True
|
Complete the following function-
def numerical_letter_grade(grades):
"""It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades
to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.
The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.
She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write
a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:
GPA | Letter grade
4.0 A+
> 3.7 A
> 3.3 A-
> 3.0 B+
> 2.7 B
> 2.3 B-
> 2.0 C+
> 1.7 C
> 1.3 C-
> 1.0 D+
> 0.7 D
> 0.0 D-
0.0 E
Example:
grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of GPAs as input and returns a list of corresponding letter grades based on a specific grading scale. The function iterates over the input list, applying a set of conditional statements to determine the letter grade corresponding to each GPA, and appends the resulting grades to a new list, which is then returned. |
def numerical_letter_grade(grades):
"""It is the last week of the semester and the teacher has to give the grades
to students. The teacher has been making her own algorithm for grading.
The only problem is, she has lost the code she used for grading.
She has given you a list of GPAs for some students and you have to write
a function that can output a list of letter grades using the following table:
GPA | Letter grade
4.0 A+
> 3.7 A
> 3.3 A-
> 3.0 B+
> 2.7 B
> 2.3 B-
> 2.0 C+
> 1.7 C
> 1.3 C-
> 1.0 D+
> 0.7 D
> 0.0 D-
0.0 E
Example:
grade_equation([4.0, 3, 1.7, 2, 3.5]) ==> ['A+', 'B', 'C-', 'C', 'A-']
"""
letter_grade = []
for gpa in grades:
if gpa == 4.0:
letter_grade.append("A+")
elif gpa > 3.7:
letter_grade.append("A")
elif gpa > 3.3:
letter_grade.append("A-")
elif gpa > 3.0:
letter_grade.append("B+")
elif gpa > 2.7:
letter_grade.append("B")
elif gpa > 2.3:
letter_grade.append("B-")
elif gpa > 2.0:
letter_grade.append("C+")
elif gpa > 1.7:
letter_grade.append("C")
elif gpa > 1.3:
letter_grade.append("C-")
elif gpa > 1.0:
letter_grade.append("D+")
elif gpa > 0.7:
letter_grade.append("D")
elif gpa > 0.0:
letter_grade.append("D-")
else:
letter_grade.append("E")
return letter_grade
|
Complete the following function-
def prime_length(string):
"""Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string
length is a prime number or False otherwise
Examples
prime_length('Hello') == True
prime_length('abcdcba') == True
prime_length('kittens') == True
prime_length('orange') == False
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that determines whether the length of a given string is a prime number or not. A prime number is a number that is divisible only by 1 and itself. The function first checks if the string length is 0 or 1, in which case it returns False because these are not prime numbers. Then, it iterates from 2 to the length of the string, checking if the length is divisible by any number in this range. If it is, the function returns False, indicating that the length is not prime. If the length is not divisible by any number in this range, the function returns True, indicating that the length is prime. |
def prime_length(string):
"""Write a function that takes a string and returns True if the string
length is a prime number or False otherwise
Examples
prime_length('Hello') == True
prime_length('abcdcba') == True
prime_length('kittens') == True
prime_length('orange') == False
"""
l = len(string)
if l == 0 or l == 1:
return False
for i in range(2, l):
if l % i == 0:
return False
return True
|
Complete the following function-
def starts_one_ends(n):
"""
Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit
positive integers that start or end with 1.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that calculates the count of n-digit positive integers that start or end with a specific digit (in this case, 1). The function takes an integer n as input, representing the number of digits. If n is 1, it returns 1. Otherwise, it returns a value calculated based on the power of 10, which suggests it's counting the possible numbers that meet the condition. The implementation seems to be based on some mathematical formula or pattern related to the properties of numbers starting or ending with 1. |
def starts_one_ends(n):
"""
Given a positive integer n, return the count of the numbers of n-digit
positive integers that start or end with 1.
"""
if n == 1: return 1
return 18 * (10 ** (n - 2))
|
Complete the following function-
def solve(N):
"""Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.
Example
For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be "1".
For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be "110".
For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be "1100".
Variables:
@N integer
Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.
Output:
a string of binary number
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code calculates the sum of the digits of a given integer `N` and returns the result as a binary string. It does this by first converting `N` to a string, iterating over each character in the string (which represents a digit), converting each character back to an integer, summing them up, and then converting the sum to a binary string. The `[2:]` at the end is used to remove the '0b' prefix that Python adds to binary strings. |
def solve(N):
"""Given a positive integer N, return the total sum of its digits in binary.
Example
For N = 1000, the sum of digits will be 1 the output should be "1".
For N = 150, the sum of digits will be 6 the output should be "110".
For N = 147, the sum of digits will be 12 the output should be "1100".
Variables:
@N integer
Constraints: 0 ≤ N ≤ 10000.
Output:
a string of binary number
"""
return bin(sum(int(i) for i in str(N)))[2:]
|
Complete the following function-
def add(lst):
"""Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..
Examples:
add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a list of integers as input and returns the sum of the even elements located at odd indices in the list. It uses list comprehension and conditional logic to achieve this. |
def add(lst):
"""Given a non-empty list of integers lst. add the even elements that are at odd indices..
Examples:
add([4, 2, 6, 7]) ==> 2
"""
return sum([lst[i] for i in range(1, len(lst), 2) if lst[i]%2 == 0])
|
Complete the following function-
def anti_shuffle(s):
"""
Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
ascending order based on ascii value.
Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.
For example:
anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string as input and returns a new string where each word in the original string has its characters rearranged in ascending order based on their ASCII values, while preserving the original word order and spacing. |
def anti_shuffle(s):
"""
Write a function that takes a string and returns an ordered version of it.
Ordered version of string, is a string where all words (separated by space)
are replaced by a new word where all the characters arranged in
ascending order based on ascii value.
Note: You should keep the order of words and blank spaces in the sentence.
For example:
anti_shuffle('Hi') returns 'Hi'
anti_shuffle('hello') returns 'ehllo'
anti_shuffle('Hello World!!!') returns 'Hello !!!Wdlor'
"""
return ' '.join([''.join(sorted(list(i))) for i in s.split(' ')])
|
Complete the following function-
def get_row(lst, x):
"""
You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,
which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,
each row may contain a different number of columns.
Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,
and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that
each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.
Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.
Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.
Examples:
get_row([
[1,2,3,4,5,6],
[1,2,3,4,1,6],
[1,2,3,4,5,1]
], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]
get_row([], 1) == []
get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a 2D list (a list of lists) and an integer as input. It searches for the integer in the 2D list and returns a list of coordinates (row, column) where the integer is found. The coordinates are sorted first by row in ascending order, and then by column in descending order. The function uses a list comprehension to generate the coordinates and the built-in `sorted` function to sort them. |
def get_row(lst, x):
"""
You are given a 2 dimensional data, as a nested lists,
which is similar to matrix, however, unlike matrices,
each row may contain a different number of columns.
Given lst, and integer x, find integers x in the list,
and return list of tuples, [(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ...] such that
each tuple is a coordinate - (row, columns), starting with 0.
Sort coordinates initially by rows in ascending order.
Also, sort coordinates of the row by columns in descending order.
Examples:
get_row([
[1,2,3,4,5,6],
[1,2,3,4,1,6],
[1,2,3,4,5,1]
], 1) == [(0, 0), (1, 4), (1, 0), (2, 5), (2, 0)]
get_row([], 1) == []
get_row([[], [1], [1, 2, 3]], 3) == [(2, 2)]
"""
coords = [(i, j) for i in range(len(lst)) for j in range(len(lst[i])) if lst[i][j] == x]
return sorted(sorted(coords, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True), key=lambda x: x[0])
|
Complete the following function-
def sort_array(array):
"""
Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,
you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.
Note:
* don't change the given array.
Examples:
* sort_array([]) => []
* sort_array([5]) => [5]
* sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
* sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes an array of non-negative integers as input and returns a sorted copy of the array. The sorting order depends on the sum of the first and last elements of the array. If the sum is odd, the array is sorted in ascending order, and if the sum is even, it's sorted in descending order. The original array remains unchanged. |
def sort_array(array):
"""
Given an array of non-negative integers, return a copy of the given array after sorting,
you will sort the given array in ascending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is odd,
or sort it in descending order if the sum( first index value, last index value) is even.
Note:
* don't change the given array.
Examples:
* sort_array([]) => []
* sort_array([5]) => [5]
* sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5]) => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
* sort_array([2, 4, 3, 0, 1, 5, 6]) => [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
"""
return [] if len(array) == 0 else sorted(array, reverse= (array[0]+array[-1]) % 2 == 0)
|
Complete the following function-
def encrypt(s):
"""Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
shift down by two multiplied to two places.
For example:
encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that encrypts a given string by shifting each alphabetical character two positions down the alphabet, wrapping around to the beginning if necessary. Non-alphabetical characters are left unchanged. It achieves this by iterating over each character, finding its position in the alphabet, adding 4 to this position, and appending the character at the new position to the result. The modulus operator ensures that the shift wraps around the alphabet if necessary. |
def encrypt(s):
"""Create a function encrypt that takes a string as an argument and
returns a string encrypted with the alphabet being rotated.
The alphabet should be rotated in a manner such that the letters
shift down by two multiplied to two places.
For example:
encrypt('hi') returns 'lm'
encrypt('asdfghjkl') returns 'ewhjklnop'
encrypt('gf') returns 'kj'
encrypt('et') returns 'ix'
"""
d = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
out = ''
for c in s:
if c in d:
out += d[(d.index(c)+2*2) % 26]
else:
out += c
return out
|
Complete the following function-
def next_smallest(lst):
"""
You are given a list of integers.
Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.
Return None if there is no such element.
next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2
next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2
next_smallest([]) == None
next_smallest([1, 1]) == None
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that finds the second smallest unique element in a given list of integers. It does this by first removing duplicates by converting the list to a set, then sorting the resulting set. If the list has less than two unique elements, the function returns None. Otherwise, it returns the second element in the sorted set, which is the second smallest unique element. |
def next_smallest(lst):
"""
You are given a list of integers.
Write a function next_smallest() that returns the 2nd smallest element of the list.
Return None if there is no such element.
next_smallest([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) == 2
next_smallest([5, 1, 4, 3, 2]) == 2
next_smallest([]) == None
next_smallest([1, 1]) == None
"""
lst = sorted(set(lst))
return None if len(lst) < 2 else lst[1]
|
Complete the following function-
def is_bored(S):
"""
You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
For example:
>>> is_bored("Hello world")
0
>>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
1
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string of text as input and returns the count of sentences that start with the word "I". It achieves this by first splitting the input string into individual sentences using punctuation marks as delimiters, and then counting the sentences that begin with "I". |
def is_bored(S):
"""
You'll be given a string of words, and your task is to count the number
of boredoms. A boredom is a sentence that starts with the word "I".
Sentences are delimited by '.', '?' or '!'.
For example:
>>> is_bored("Hello world")
0
>>> is_bored("The sky is blue. The sun is shining. I love this weather")
1
"""
import re
sentences = re.split(r'[.?!]\s*', S)
return sum(sentence[0:2] == 'I ' for sentence in sentences)
|
Complete the following function-
def any_int(x, y, z):
'''
Create a function that takes 3 numbers.
Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.
Returns false in any other cases.
Examples
any_int(5, 2, 7) âžž True
any_int(3, 2, 2) âžž False
any_int(3, -2, 1) âžž True
any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) âžž False
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes three numerical inputs and checks if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two. It also ensures that all inputs are integers. If both conditions are met, it returns True; otherwise, it returns False. |
def any_int(x, y, z):
'''
Create a function that takes 3 numbers.
Returns true if one of the numbers is equal to the sum of the other two, and all numbers are integers.
Returns false in any other cases.
Examples
any_int(5, 2, 7) âžž True
any_int(3, 2, 2) âžž False
any_int(3, -2, 1) âžž True
any_int(3.6, -2.2, 2) âžž False
'''
if isinstance(x,int) and isinstance(y,int) and isinstance(z,int):
if (x+y==z) or (x+z==y) or (y+z==x):
return True
return False
return False
|
Complete the following function-
def encode(message):
"""
Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
vowel in the english alphabet.
Assume only letters.
Examples:
>>> encode('test')
'TGST'
>>> encode('This is a message')
'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes an input message and performs two operations on it:
1. It swaps the case of all letters in the message, meaning it converts uppercase letters to lowercase and vice versa.
2. It replaces all vowels in the message with the letter that appears two positions ahead of the vowel in the English alphabet.
The function uses a dictionary to map the vowels to their corresponding replaced values, and then uses a list comprehension to iterate over the message, replacing the vowels accordingly. |
def encode(message):
"""
Write a function that takes a message, and encodes in such a
way that it swaps case of all letters, replaces all vowels in
the message with the letter that appears 2 places ahead of that
vowel in the english alphabet.
Assume only letters.
Examples:
>>> encode('test')
'TGST'
>>> encode('This is a message')
'tHKS KS C MGSSCGG'
"""
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
vowels_replace = dict([(i, chr(ord(i) + 2)) for i in vowels])
message = message.swapcase()
return ''.join([vowels_replace[i] if i in vowels else i for i in message])
|
Complete the following function-
def skjkasdkd(lst):
"""You are given a list of integers.
You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.
Examples:
For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10
For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25
For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13
For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11
For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3
For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code finds the largest prime number in a given list of integers and returns the sum of its digits. |
def skjkasdkd(lst):
"""You are given a list of integers.
You need to find the largest prime value and return the sum of its digits.
Examples:
For lst = [0,3,2,1,3,5,7,4,5,5,5,2,181,32,4,32,3,2,32,324,4,3] the output should be 10
For lst = [1,0,1,8,2,4597,2,1,3,40,1,2,1,2,4,2,5,1] the output should be 25
For lst = [1,3,1,32,5107,34,83278,109,163,23,2323,32,30,1,9,3] the output should be 13
For lst = [0,724,32,71,99,32,6,0,5,91,83,0,5,6] the output should be 11
For lst = [0,81,12,3,1,21] the output should be 3
For lst = [0,8,1,2,1,7] the output should be 7
"""
def isPrime(n):
for i in range(2,int(n**0.5)+1):
if n%i==0:
return False
return True
maxx = 0
i = 0
while i < len(lst):
if(lst[i] > maxx and isPrime(lst[i])):
maxx = lst[i]
i+=1
result = sum(int(digit) for digit in str(maxx))
return result
|
Complete the following function-
def check_dict_case(dict):
"""
Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower
case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.
The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.
Examples:
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", "b":"banana"}) should return True.
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", "A":"banana", "B":"banana"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", 8:"banana", "a":"apple"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"Name":"John", "Age":"36", "City":"Houston"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"STATE":"NC", "ZIP":"12345" }) should return True.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that checks the case of keys in a dictionary. It returns True if all keys are either in lowercase or uppercase, and False otherwise. The function also returns False if the dictionary is empty or if the keys are of mixed case or have non-string types. The function iterates through the dictionary keys, tracking the case of the first string key it encounters and ensuring that all subsequent string keys have the same case. |
def check_dict_case(dict):
"""
Given a dictionary, return True if all keys are strings in lower
case or all keys are strings in upper case, else return False.
The function should return False is the given dictionary is empty.
Examples:
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", "b":"banana"}) should return True.
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", "A":"banana", "B":"banana"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"a":"apple", 8:"banana", "a":"apple"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"Name":"John", "Age":"36", "City":"Houston"}) should return False.
check_dict_case({"STATE":"NC", "ZIP":"12345" }) should return True.
"""
if len(dict.keys()) == 0:
return False
else:
state = "start"
for key in dict.keys():
if isinstance(key, str) == False:
state = "mixed"
break
if state == "start":
if key.isupper():
state = "upper"
elif key.islower():
state = "lower"
else:
break
elif (state == "upper" and not key.isupper()) or (state == "lower" and not key.islower()):
state = "mixed"
break
else:
break
return state == "upper" or state == "lower"
|
Complete the following function-
def count_up_to(n):
"""Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
for example:
count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
count_up_to(0) => []
count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
count_up_to(1) => []
count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that generates an array of prime numbers less than a given input number. It iterates from 2 up to the input number, checks each number to see if it's prime by verifying it's not divisible by any smaller number, and adds it to the result array if it is prime. |
def count_up_to(n):
"""Implement a function that takes an non-negative integer and returns an array of the first n
integers that are prime numbers and less than n.
for example:
count_up_to(5) => [2,3]
count_up_to(11) => [2,3,5,7]
count_up_to(0) => []
count_up_to(20) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]
count_up_to(1) => []
count_up_to(18) => [2,3,5,7,11,13,17]
"""
primes = []
for i in range(2, n):
is_prime = True
for j in range(2, i):
if i % j == 0:
is_prime = False
break
if is_prime:
primes.append(i)
return primes
|
Complete the following function-
def multiply(a, b):
"""Complete the function that takes two integers and returns
the product of their unit digits.
Assume the input is always valid.
Examples:
multiply(148, 412) should return 16.
multiply(19, 28) should return 72.
multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.
multiply(14,-15) should return 20.
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes two integers as input and returns the product of their unit digits. It does this by finding the remainder of each number when divided by 10 (which gives the unit digit), taking the absolute value of these remainders, and then multiplying them together. |
def multiply(a, b):
"""Complete the function that takes two integers and returns
the product of their unit digits.
Assume the input is always valid.
Examples:
multiply(148, 412) should return 16.
multiply(19, 28) should return 72.
multiply(2020, 1851) should return 0.
multiply(14,-15) should return 20.
"""
return abs(a % 10) * abs(b % 10)
|
Complete the following function-
def count_upper(s):
"""
Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.
For example:
count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1
count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0
count_upper('dBBE') returns 0
"""
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that counts the number of uppercase vowels present at even indices in a given string. It iterates over the string, checking every other character (starting from the first one), and increments a counter whenever it finds an uppercase vowel. The function returns the total count of such vowels. |
def count_upper(s):
"""
Given a string s, count the number of uppercase vowels in even indices.
For example:
count_upper('aBCdEf') returns 1
count_upper('abcdefg') returns 0
count_upper('dBBE') returns 0
"""
count = 0
for i in range(0,len(s),2):
if s[i] in "AEIOU":
count += 1
return count
|
Complete the following function-
def closest_integer(value):
'''
Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
from two integers, round it away from zero.
Examples
>>> closest_integer("10")
10
>>> closest_integer("15.3")
15
Note:
Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
'''
Use this additional context if needed-
This code defines a function that takes a string representing a number and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant from two integers, it rounds away from zero, meaning it returns the integer that is farthest from zero. The function handles decimal numbers, removing trailing zeros, and uses the `math` module to perform ceiling and flooring operations to determine the closest integer. |
def closest_integer(value):
'''
Create a function that takes a value (string) representing a number
and returns the closest integer to it. If the number is equidistant
from two integers, round it away from zero.
Examples
>>> closest_integer("10")
10
>>> closest_integer("15.3")
15
Note:
Rounding away from zero means that if the given number is equidistant
from two integers, the one you should return is the one that is the
farthest from zero. For example closest_integer("14.5") should
return 15 and closest_integer("-14.5") should return -15.
'''
from math import floor, ceil
if value.count('.') == 1:
# remove trailing zeros
while (value[-1] == '0'):
value = value[:-1]
num = float(value)
if value[-2:] == '.5':
if num > 0:
res = ceil(num)
else:
res = floor(num)
elif len(value) > 0:
res = int(round(num))
else:
res = 0
return res
|
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