PMCID string | Title string | Sentences string |
|---|---|---|
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The mice acclimated in the animal room for 6 days before the experiment. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | All the mice were transformed into subcutaneous xenograft models. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Cells of normal or drug-resistant strains of GIST882 in the logarithmic growth stage were collected, prepared into a single-cell suspension, adjusted to 1×10/mL, mixed with Matrigel gel (10 mg/mL, BD Biosciences) of equal proportion. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Human fibroblasts in the ratio 1:10,000 were added, mixed, and set aside. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The injected volume was 0.1 mL/animal, and the number of cells in normal or drug-resistant strains containing GIST882 was 5×10/animal. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | After the injection, there was a protruding cutaneous mound in the right axilla. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the tumor volume when the tumor grew to 100 mm, i.e., the normal group, imatinib-resistant group, imatinib group, CQ group, and imatinib + CQ group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Five mice were found in each group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | For the imatinib group, imatinib mesylate capsule powder was dissolved in a 15 mg/mL working solution with normal saline. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The whole process was done in the dark. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The dosage was 150 mg/kg, twice a day for 28 days, and administered by gavage. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | For the CQ group, CQ was dissolved in deionized water to give a 6 mg/mL working solution. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | This was done and stored in the dark. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | It was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 60 mg/kg once a day for 28 days. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | For the imatinib + CQ group, the dosage of imatinib was 150 mg/kg while that of CQ was 60 mg/kg administered for 28 days. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The normal and imatinib-resistant groups were given the same volume of normal saline for 28 days. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | All experiments involving cell lines and animals were approved by the Hangzhou cancer hospital ethical review board. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | All experiments were performed following the Hangzhou cancer hospital and national guidelines and regulations. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The cell-counting kit (CCK)-8 method and flow cytometry were used for in vitro drug sensitivity testing and autophagy level detection. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Detection of the apoptosis level was by flow cytometry with the annexin V Kit. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Western blotting was used to analyze the role of autophagy and apoptosis in GIST cells with CQ alone, imatinib alone, or in combination, and to analyze MAPK pathway expression. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | In vitro results were confirmed by in vivo experiments using the mice model. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The transplantation model of human GIST resistant to imatinib in nude mice was identified and established. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The above-mentioned imatinib-resistant cell lines and GIST882 were inoculated into nude mice to observe their tumorigenicity. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The tumor size, growth rate, and survival time of nude mice were observed. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of the transplanted tumor. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Detection of KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations in the transplanted imatinib-resistant GIST was done by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct sequencing. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | ERK and KIT expression and regulation levels were detected by Western blotting. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The experimental data were expressed as means ± standard deviations (). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and statistical tests were analyzed means of multiple groups in the GraphPad Prism statistical software. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | First, the data were tested for homogeneity of variance. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | If the variance was homogeneous, the overall comparison was made using the one-way ANOVA, and the two-way mean comparison method between multiple dose groups and one control group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Abnormal or non-uniform variance data were used for statistics in the rank sum test. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | In this study, the drug concentration gradient method was used to establish the imatinib-resistant GIST (GIST882-ir cell line) from the imatinib-sensitive GIST882 cell line. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured using the CCK-8 method to judge the sensitivity/resistance of the cell lines to imatinib. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The results showed growth of the GIST882 cells was affected to a certain extent under the action of imatinib at a low concentration (0.05 μm), and was significantly affected when it was > 0.1 μm. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | However, GIST-ir cells had a strong resistance to imatinib. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | At imatinib concentrations of 0.05–5 μm, there was no significant effect on the growth of GIST-ir cells (Figure 1A and B). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | GIST-ir cells had an inconsistent morphology; some cells were epithelioid, while others were short fusiform or irregularly shaped. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Secondary mutations of KIT/PDGFRA in GIST cells were the most important contributors to imatinib resistance in GISTs. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | In GIST-ir cell lines, KIT sequencing results showed no secondary drug resistance mutation. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Meanwhile, no mutation was found in PDGFRA sequencing. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in four quadrants: Q1-UL (necrotic cells and fragments), Q1-UR (late apoptotic and necrotic cells), Q1-LL (normal cells), and Q1-LR (early apoptotic cells, which could be detected by CCK8). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The sum of the Q1-UR and Q1-LR quadrants was used to calculate the apoptosis rate. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The detailed results are shown in Figure 1C. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | After 48 hours, the apoptosis rates of the GIST882 group, the GIST882-ir group, the GIST882-ir+ im group, the GIST882-ir + CQ group, the GIST882-ir +im+ CQ group were 6.4%, 4.3%, 8.6%, 9.2% and 19.3%, respectively. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Imatinib had a weak inhibitory effect on the growth of GIST882-ir cells, while CQ had no effect on the growth of GIST882-ir cells. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The combination of CQ and imatinib greatly enhanced the inhibitory effect of imatinib on the growth of GIST882-ir cells (Figure 1D). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | KIT expression in the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group was significantly higher than that in the GIST882 group (* p<0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group, the KIT expression level in the imatinib group and the combination group was significantly lower (p<0.05), but was not significantly different in the CQ group (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | KIT expression in the combination group decreased, though it was not significantly lower than in the imatinib group (p>0.05) (Figure 1F). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The KIT phosphorylation level (p-kit/Kit) in the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group was lower than in the GIST882 group, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group, the phosphorylation level in the imatinib group and the combination group was significantly lower (p<0.05), and the phosphorylation level in the CQ group was significantly higher (p<0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The phosphorylation level in the combination group was higher than that in the imatinib group, but there was no significant change (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | ERK expression in the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group was higher than in the GIST882 group, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the, ERK expression in the imatinib group, CQ group, and combination group decreased, but was not significantly different with the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the GIST882 imatinib-resistant group, the ERK phosphorylation (p-ERK/ERK) level in the imatinib group was lower, but not significantly different (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The ERK phosphorylation level of ERK protein in the combination group was lower than that in the imatinib group, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | There was no significant difference in the tumor volume between the drug-resistant group and the normal group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Three days after administration, tumor volume of the imatinib group and the imatinib + CQ group was non-significantly lower than in the drug-resistant group (Figure 2A).Figure 2(A) Effect on tumor volume. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The immunohistochemical detection of Beclin 1 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | immunohistochemical detection of caspase 7 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Abbreviations: CK, normal control group; im-r, imatinib-resistant group; im, imatinib-resistant cells + imatinib; CQ, imatinib-resistant cells + chloroquine; im+ CQ, imatinib-resistant cells + imatinib + chloroquine. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Effect on tumor volume. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The immunohistochemical detection of Beclin 1 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | immunohistochemical detection of caspase 7 protein expression in rat tumor tissue. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Abbreviations: CK, normal control group; im-r, imatinib-resistant group; im, imatinib-resistant cells + imatinib; CQ, imatinib-resistant cells + chloroquine; im+ CQ, imatinib-resistant cells + imatinib + chloroquine. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the normal group, there was a significant decrease in the body weight of mice in the resistant group on day 0, day 3, and day 6 (p<0.05, p<0.01). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the resistant group, there was a significant increase in the body weight of the mice in the imatinib group and the CQ group day 0 and day 3 of the drug administration (p<0.01). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The body weight of the mice in the combined group increased significantly on day 0 of drug administration (p<0.01) (Figure 3A).Figure 3(A) Changes of body weight in mice. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Beclin1 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Caspase-3 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Caspase-7 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Changes of body weight in mice. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Beclin1 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Caspase-3 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Caspase-7 expression in tumor tissue detected by immunohistochemistry. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Autophagy level (LC3II/LC3I) analysis showed that the autophagy level in the imatinib-resistant group was lower than that in the normal group, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the imatinib-resistant group, there was an upward trend but no significant change (p>0.05) in the imatinib group and imatinib + CQ group, but there was a downward trend without any significant difference in the CQ group (p>0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the imatinib group, there was an upward trend in the imatinib + CQ group, but no significant difference (p>0.05) (Figure 4A).Figure 4(A) LC3II/I protein expression. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the normal group (CK group). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Imatinib-r group: imatinib-resistant group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Imatinib-r group vs. CK group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01; each drug administration group vs. Imatinib-r group, #p<0.05, ##p<0.01; Imatinib+CQ group vs. Imatinib group, and p<0.05, and p<0.01. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Analysis of KIT and ERK protein expression and phosphorylation level. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | LC3II/I protein expression. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the normal group (CK group). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Imatinib-r group: imatinib-resistant group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Imatinib-r group vs. CK group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01; each drug administration group vs. Imatinib-r group, #p<0.05, ##p<0.01; Imatinib+CQ group vs. Imatinib group, and p<0.05, and p<0.01. ( |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Analysis of KIT and ERK protein expression and phosphorylation level. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | According to the positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, Beclin 1 expression was highest in the imatinib group, followed by the imatinib-resistant group, and the combination group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The expression in the normal group was the same as that in the CQ group, and lower than that in the other three groups. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Due to the small sample size (n=5) of each group, the standard deviation between groups was large, and there was no statistical significance (Figures 3B and 2B). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the normal group, the expression of Caspase-3 was highest in the resistant cell group, and there was no significant difference in the other groups (Figures 3C and 2C). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The expression of caspase-7 in the drug-resistant group was lower than in the normal cell group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Figures 3D and 2D). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | However, the ratio of caspase 3 and 7 protein in the combined group was highest, indicating that apoptosis level was highest in this group. |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | The KIT expression level in the imatinib-resistant group was significantly higher than in the normal group (*p<0.05). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | Compared with the imatinib-resistant group, KIT expression in the imatinib group, CQ group, and combination group were significantly lower (##p<0.01). |
PMC7342409 | Chloroquine Combined with Imatinib Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Inhibiting Autophagy via the MAPK/ERK Pathway | KIT expression in the combination group was significantly lower than in the imatinib group (andp<0.05) (Figure 4B). |
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