PMCID string | Title string | Sentences string |
|---|---|---|
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | For this reason, the culture medium and the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) used to rinse cells before trypsinization were also collected. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Adherent cells were harvested by trypsinization and combined with cells in the culture medium and PBS. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The entire sample was then centrifugated and resuspended in 500 µL of fresh medium. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Samples were stained with Guava ViaCount™ or Guava Nexin Reagent according to the manufacturer’s instructions. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The Guava ViaCount™ distinguishes viable and non-viable cells based on the differential permeabilities of two DNA-binding dyes. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The nuclear dye (in the graphs indicated as “Nucleated Cells” on the y-axis) differentiates nucleated cells from cellular debris, while the viability dye brightly stains dying cells (in the graphs indicated as “Viability” on the x-axis). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The number of viable cells in the sample was defined starting from the cell concentration (cells/μL) calculated by the flow cytometer instrument. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The monitoring of apoptosis activation was performed using Guava Nexin Reagent. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The reagent combines fluorescently labeled Annexin V (Annexin V-PE) and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Annexin V-PE, a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein with a high affinity for phosphatidylserine (PS), is a membrane component early exposed on the external cell surface during apoptotic pathway stimulation (indicated in the graphs as “Annexin-V” on the x-axis). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Instead, late apoptotic/dead cells are recognized by 7-AAD. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | This fluorescent DNA intercalator is membrane-impermeant and excluded from live, healthy, and early apoptotic cells (indicated in the graphs as “Viability” on the y-axis). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Five hundred grams of dried and grounded plant material was extracted using 2 L of CH3OH 80% v/v. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The extract was filtered and dried in a rotary evaporator; the extraction procedure was repeated four times (24 h each) on the same plant material, obtaining 67.7 g of extract. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The extract (AUN) was suspended in 700 mL of water and subjected to liquid/liquid partition using in-series chloroform (CHCl3) or ethyl acetate (EtOAc). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Phytochemical extractions were performed using each solvent three times. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Three AUN-derived fractions were obtained: CHCl3 (FR1; yield: 0.33% w/w), EtOAc (FR2; yield: 8.8% w/w), and H2O (FR3; yield 70%). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The stock solutions for the bioassays of FR3 were prepared by solubilizing dried extracts in distilled H2O at an initial concentration of 20 mg/mL, while FR2 and FR3 were instead solubilized in DMSO 10% at the same initial concentration. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | FR1, FR2, and FR3 fractions were then diluted (1:1000) during the biological assays, leading both H2O and DMSO to a final concentration of 0.1% in the medium supplemented with FBS 15%. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Being the bioactivity localized in the FR2, 4 g of the fraction was suspended in 5 mL of water and injected in a medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) instrument (Reveleris, Büchi, Switzerland) using a reverse-phase stationary phase (40 g of C18 column). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | A gradient of water (solvent A) and methanol (solvent B) was used as an eluent. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The gradient was composed of an isocratic phase of 10 min (90% A and 10% B), a gradient from 90% A to 80% A in 1.1 min, an isocratic phase of 20 min (80% A and 20% B), a gradient from 80% A to 70% A in 1.1 min, an isocratic phase of 10 min (70% A and 30% B), a gradient from 70% A to 50% A in 1.1 min, an isocratic phase of 10 min (50% A and 50% B) a gradient from 50% A to 30% A in 1.1 min, an isocratic phase of 5 min (30% A and 70% B), a gradient from 30% A to 0% A in 1.1 min, an isocratic phase of 5 min (0% A and 100% B). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The flow rate was 20 mL/min, and the run length was 70 min. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Based on the chromatogram and UV–Vis absorbance signals at three wavelengths (UV1 = 254 nm, UV2 = 270 nm, and UV3 = 340 nm), FR2-derived fractions were collected and dried, obtaining a total of four FR2 subfractions (FR2-A, FR2-B, FR2-C, and FR2-D). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | An analogous preparation of FR2 was followed for its subfractions in the biological assays. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Being the bioactivity localized in the FR2-A, 879.8 mg of the fraction was suspended in the minimum amount of methanol and then subjected to size exclusion chromatography using a chromatography column (1800 mm × 25 mm) filled with 220 g of Sephadex (LH-20) and, as an eluent, methanol. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The eluate in each tube was concentrated in a rotary evaporator, and a small quantity was used to perform thin-layer chromatography (TLC). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The stationary phase of the TLC used a silica gel matrix with a 254 nm florescent indicator (Sigma-Aldrich), while EtOH:MeOH:H2O (10:1.35:1) was used as the mobile phase. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | This latter was employed to acquire a first overview of the chemical composition of the fractions by UV–Vis light exposure, enabling us to group the most similar ones, obtaining 84 final fractions. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Excluding the fraction yielding less than 1 mg of material, 61 were tested in the bioassays. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The most active ones were phytochemically investigated compared to the inactive or weakly active ones, which were eluted immediately before or after. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | H NMR spectra were recorded at 25 °C on a Varian Inova instrument (equipped with a reverse triple resonance probe) operating at 600.13 MHz. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Each H NMR spectrum consisted of 256 scans (corresponding to 16 min) with a relaxation delay (RD) of 2 s, acquisition time of 0.707 s, and spectral width of 9595.8 Hz (corresponding to δ 16.0). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | All the H NMR spectra were uploaded onto Zenodo. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The UHPLC-MS analysis was run on a Waters ACQUITY ARC UHPLC/MS system consisting of a QDa mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization interface and a 2489 UV–Vis detector. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The detected wavelengths (λ) were 254 nm and 365 nm. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The analyses were performed on an XBridge BEH C18 column (10 × 2.1 mm i.d., |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | particle size 2.5 µm) with an XBridge BEH C18 VanGuard Cartridge precolumn (5 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | particle size 1.8 µm). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The mobile phases were H2O (0.1% formic acid) (A) and MeCN (0.1% formic acid) (B). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Electrospray ionization in positive and negative modes was applied in the 50–1200 Da mass scan range. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The FR2-A subfractions were diluted to 100 µg/mL, and a volume of 3 µL was injected. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The samples were eluted with the following method: 20% B for one minute, followed by a gradient reaching 95% B in 3 min; 95% B was kept for 1 min; then the gradient reached 20% B in 0.2 min again; and 20% B was kept for 2 min. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software 8.0.2, applying the appropriate statistical test. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Details are indicated below each figure. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | IC50 was instead calculated with the free “aatbioquest” tool (https://www.aatbio.com/tools/ic50-calculator, accessed on 11 April 2024). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Whole-cell protein lysates were prepared using NP40 buffer containing protease inhibitors (halt protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 1 mM of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE (12%) and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Membranes were blocked by 5% skimmed milk, followed by incubation at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Primary antibodies against KIT (A4502; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), phospo-KIT (3391; Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), PARP-1 (9542, Cell-Signaling), and actin (A1978; Sigma-Aldrich) were used. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | After rinsing, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at room temperature for 2 h. After further rinsing, immunoreactive bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA), and signals were captured and quantified using ChemiDoc (BioRad). |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Sigma-Aldrich supplied β-arbutin and gallic acid for the biological assays. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Selleck Chemicals supplied imatinib. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | 2.5 × 10 cells were seeded in a 96-well culture plate the day before the treatment. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Cells were treated with FR2-A-derived fractions, and viability was analyzed 24 h after treatment. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Treatment was removed, and cells were incubated with MTT reagent (0.5 mg/mL) in a medium without serum for 2 h. At the end of the incubation, the MTT solution was removed carefully, and formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Absorbance was read at 492 nm using a TECAN spectrophotometer. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBMC) isolation was performed as described . |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Briefly, PBMCs were isolated from blood samples of healthy donors (Buffy coat) using a density gradient centrifugation with Histopaque-1077. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Donors were healthy, non-smokers, and with no known exposure to genotoxic chemicals or radiation. |
PMC11085211 | Arbutus unedo L. Fractions Exhibit Chemotherapeutic Properties for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors | Authorization for the use of human blood samples for research purposes was received from AUSL Bologna IT, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Imatinib has been widely used in gastrointestinal stromal tumours and significantly improved the prognosis of GIST patients, but approximately half of patients develop acquired treatment resistance, highlighting the urgency for novel therapeutic strategies. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | A variety of bioinformatic tools and laboratory experiments, RNA sequencing, animal models and the thermal proteome profiling assay were employed to validate our findings and investigate the antitumour effects of β‐elemene. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | We found that imatinib‐resistant GIST was associated with negative regulation of ferroptosis activity, and inducing ferroptosis can enhance the sensitivity of resistant cells to imatinib. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Furthermore, we found that β‐elemene enhances imatinib sensitivity in imatinib‐resistant GIST cells through inducing ferroptosis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Moreover, the combination treatment of β‐elemene and imatinib showed significantly increased antitumour efficacy, compared to each monotherapy, both in vitro and in vivo. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Mechanistically, β‐elemene specifically targets N6AMT1, inhibiting its transcriptional repression function and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2)‐HMOX1 signalling pathway to induce ferroptosis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Β‐elemene can target N6AMT1 and promote ferroptosis by increasing the expression of NRF2 and HMOX1. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | These findings suggest β‐elemene as a prospective therapeutic strategy to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l Imatinib resistance is associated with ferroptosis activity in GIST.l Combination of β‐elemene and imatinib effectively treats gastrointestinal stromal tumours both in vivo and in vitro.l β‐elemene promotes imatinib sensitivity in GIST through ferroptosis.l N6AMT1 is a potential target of β‐elemene.l β‐elemene targets N6AMT1 to promote imatinib sensitivity in imatinib‐resistant GIST cells via the NRF2/HMOX1 axis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l Imatinib resistance is associated with ferroptosis activity in GIST. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l Combination of β‐elemene and imatinib effectively treats gastrointestinal stromal tumours both in vivo and in vitro. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l β‐elemene promotes imatinib sensitivity in GIST through ferroptosis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l N6AMT1 is a potential target of β‐elemene. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | l β‐elemene targets N6AMT1 to promote imatinib sensitivity in imatinib‐resistant GIST cells via the NRF2/HMOX1 axis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, with an estimated incidence of 10–20 per million population. , |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | GISTs are mainly caused by mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting BCR‐ABL, KIT and PDGFR, which has a highly inhibitory effect on GISTs and has been approved as the first‐line treatment for KIT‐positive GISTs. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | However, about 50% of patients developed drug resistance after 2 years of treatment with imatinib. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Secondary mutations partly explained the resistance of imatinib in GISTs with secondary imatinib resistance, , while approximately 40% of patients with no secondary mutations. , |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | There are limited treatment options available for those patients without secondary mutations. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | The overall efficacy of these therapies is poor. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Therefore, analysing the molecular mechanism of imatinib resistance is extremely urgent and must be characterised to improve the long‐term prognosis of GIST patients by devising novel therapies. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Resisting cell death is one of the most important characteristics of cancer cells, and it is also the main reason for drug resistance. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Ferroptosis is a non‐apoptotic form of cell death characterised by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation, which has become an effective target of anti‐cancer therapy. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis is related to cancer chemotherapy resistance, and induction of ferroptosis can reverse drug resistance. , |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Ferroptosis can be induced by inhibiting ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) to activate active fatty acid synthase 4(ACSL4), thereby overcoming gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | In addition, the PARP inhibitor olaparib is used in combination with ferroptosis inducers to enhance the sensitivity of BRCAproficient ovarian cancer cells to olaparib by inhibiting solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)‐mediated GSH synthesis. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | These results indicate the possibility of utilising ferroptosis as a strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | β‐elemene, a bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese herb Curcumae Rhizoma, exhibits a low‐toxicity and broad‐spectrum anticancer effect and is used in various cancer types. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Several studies have revealed that β‐elemene plays an antitumour role through different pathways, such as activating mitochondrial‐dependent pathways, inducing apoptosis or arresting the cell cycle. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | More interestingly, β‐elemene is used clinically for radiation sensitisation and chemotherapy of various tumours, and it can effectively reverse drug resistance. , |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Previous studies reported that β‐elemene produces combinative effects with some chemotherapies, such as oxaliplatin and gefitinib. , |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | It was reported that β‐elemene could induce ferroptosis in lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | The combined therapy of β‐elemene and cetuximab is sensitive to KRAS mutant CRC cells by inducing ferroptosis and inhibiting EMT. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | However, the role of β‐elemene in imatinib‐resistant GIST cells and the targets for β‐elemene are not fully illustrated. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | Therefore, systematic exploration of the combined application of β‐elemene with imatinib to achieve better therapeutic effects is of great clinical significance given the grim reality of GIST treatment. |
PMC12390768 | β‐elemene promotes ferroptosis to improve the sensitivity of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by targeting N6AMT1 | In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in regulating imatinib resistance in GIST cells. |
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