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His vision, leadership, and hard work established the procedure of using the liver as a site for successful islet transplantation . The transplants normalized glycemia in rats previously made diabetic by streptozotocin injection (2). As he and his colleagues began publishing manuscripts, it did not take long for the su... |
Mumps, also known as epidemic parotitis, is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus . The virus usually causes parotitis but sometimes results in central nervous system (cns) complications such as acute aseptic meningitis or acute or chronic encephalitis . Cns involvement has been reported to occur in up to 65% of ca... |
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (cvd). In the majority of western countries, the cost of hypertension and its complications absorbs a large and growing share of health care resources.1 in italy, the expenditure for antihypertensives reached 991.35 million in 2003 . Subtracting expenditure... |
Stroke, in all of its forms, is one of the most frequent neurological causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia1 . More than 70% of patients exhibit swallowing alterations in the first days after a stroke2, and the manifestation of dysphagia is associated with the severity of the patient's neurological condition3 . Speech ther... |
To investigate the relation between diet and chronic disease, several dietary assessment methods have been developed and evaluated . The food frequency questionnaire (ffq) has been used most frequently in large - scale epidemiologic studies, because ffq is less expensive to administer than are other dietary assessment ... |
Mammary paget's disease (pd) of the nipple was first described by sir james paget in 1874 . Extramammary pd (empd) was first recognised and reported as a distinct clinical entity by radcliffe crocker in 1889 . Empd is morphologically and histologically identical to mammary pd of the nipple, the primary difference being... |
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease and becomes a heavy burden of public health systems . In china, deterioration of beta cell function and insulin resistance are two fundamental pathophysiologic defects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 dm). It has been proven that at the time when t2 dm was establish... |
With improved treatments for brain tumours leading to longer survival, late complications of therapy are more frequently observed . The development of new neurological symptoms following brain tumour treatment is primarily suggestive for tumour recurrence, but when this has been ruled out, adverse treatment effects as ... |
Gallstone disease remains a common and significant cause of suffering in most parts of the world . It has been reported that there are 5.5 million gallstone sufferers in the uk and that over 50 000 cholecystectomies are performed each year with 15% of patients being symptomatic over a period of 15 years . Treatment of ... |
Combined hepatocellular - cholangiocarcinoma (chcc - cc) is a rare form of primary liver cancer composed of cells with histopathologic features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and cholangiocarcinoma (cc). It accounts for up to 14.3% of primary liver cancers, with incidence varying between multiple studies (1 - 4... |
The lien foundation's commissioned studies in 2010 and 2015 rate india poorly in the quality of dying . One of the reasons for this is the slow progress in palliative and end - of - life care . A notable exception is the state of kerala in southern india characterized by high development indicators . Unfortunately, the... |
The rare sugar 2-acetamido-2-deoxyfucose (fucnac) is a constituent monosaccharide of several bacterial capsular polysaccharides (cps). Both d- and l - enantiomers are found in nature, and they can be linked through either - or -glycosidic linkages (see chart 1). For example, the repeating trisaccharide of the type 5 cp... |
Acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in the developing countries among children, but hydrops of gallbladder due to hepatitis a infection is an uncommon presentation . A five - year - old boy was admitted in namazi hospital, shiraz, iran due to jaundice and severe abdominal pain for 10 days . Physical exami... |
This unusual dental anomaly showing an accessory cusp like structure projecting from the cingulum to the cutting edge was first described by mitchell in 1892 . It was thereafter named a talon cusp by mellor and ripa due to its resemblance to an eagle's talon . The exact etiology is not known, but it is suggested to be ... |
A 68-year - old woman presented with decreased visual acuity (va), and 20 hours earlier had noticed a visual field defect in the superior half of her right eye . Slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination revealed intraretinal edema with inferior retinal whitening in addition to a visible hollerenhorst plaque . Flu... |
The iridoids are a distinct class of approximately 600 monoterpenes that display a broad range of pharmacological and agrochemical activities (tundis et al ., 2008; dewhirst et al ., 2010; dinda et al ., we recently reported the discovery of iridoid synthase, the enzyme that produces nepetalactol (1a), the common biosy... |
In the previous issue of critical care an interesting observational study suggests a promising avenue of research that has the potential to improve clinical outcomes . The early identification and rapid treatment of haemodynamic shock is widely acknowledged as a vital step towards improving survival . In prehospital ca... |
Ovarian cancer is called the silent killer because of its not - so - obvious symptoms such as fatigue, weight change, abdominal distention and pain . The lack of efficient and early detection is the reason for the high mortality rate . The gold standard of ovarian cancer treatment consists of surgery followed by carbop... |
Two proven vector control strategies are currently advocated to reduce transmission of malarial disease in africa, namely indoor residual spraying (irs) [1 - 5] and insecticide - treated bednets (itns) [6 - 9]. Both methods are based on the use of residual insecticides in the intra - domiciliary domain and target mosqu... |
Mycobacterium avium complex (mac) consists predominantly of two species: m. avium subspecies avium and m. avium subspecies intracellulare . With growing incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, disease due to the mac is one of the most important opportunistic pulmonary infections most prevalent in imm... |
The reported incidence ranges from 0 to 30%,2 3 4 5 depending on the study population and procedure type, with overall mean incidence 5% via meta - analysis.4 dcps most commonly present within the first 3 days following surgery but have been reported up to 2 months after surgery.2 6 fortunately, the majority resolve wi... |
Fractures of the upper face and anterior skull base are a challenging neurosurgical, plastic, maxillofacial surgery problem . After clinical and radiographic evaluation of the fracture, prompt surgical intervention should be immediately instituted to excise any necrotic tissues inside or outside the cranial cavity, bra... |
Infections by herpes viruses (herpes simplex type 1 or 2, varicella zoster virus [vzv]) are frequent in humans, and such viruses tend to persist within cranial nerves, dorsal roots, and autonomic ganglia causing latent infections by virtue of reactivation . Reactivation of vzv mainly presents with rash and pain affecti... |
Hypertension is a complex multifactorial disorder with masses of genetic and environmental factors contributing to its occurrence . Although great effort has been devoted to uncover the genetic underpinnings of hypertension, there is no definite consensus on how many genes and which genetic determinants are actually in... |
Glaucoma, an optic neuropathy characterized by progressive visual field loss, is currently a leading cause of blindness in the world, regardless of the population studied.1,2 according to the world health organization, the disease accounts for 12.3% of blindness, cataracts being the leading cause.2 note that unlike cat... |
The index case was a 14-year - old boy transferred from a regional hospital to our unit 24 h after a laparoscopic appendicetomy for perforated appendicitis . Abdomen was distended and tender with purulent discharge coming from a peritoneal drain chest x ray demonstrated extensive right pleural effusion (fig . 1). Fluid... |
Cancer detection has always been a major issue for the pathologists and medical practitioners for diagnosis and treatment planning . The manual identification of cancer from microscopic biopsy images is subjective in nature and may vary from expert to expert depending on their expertise and other factors which include ... |
Fundus fluorescein angiography (ffa) is a procedure for the examination of chorioretinal circulation . It can be used to confirm the diagnosis, monitor the progress of posterior segment diseases, and assess the efficacy of certain treatments like laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections . Although ffa is a sa... |
<45 years old, mechanical lbp is the most common cause of disability, and it is generally attributed to an acute traumatic event . However, cumulative trauma must also be considered in the etiology, such as occupational overuse injury.2,3 the best approach to treat lbp appears to be a combination of pharmacological and... |
Organophosphorus pesticides (ops) are a group of insecticides derived from the phosphoric or phosphorothioic acid; its use has increased in the recent years for the improvement of agriculture production, in the industry and prevention of human health through control and/or eradication of unwanted insects, plants, anima... |
An estimated 66% of maternal deaths and 50% of deaths in children under the age of 5 occurred in sub - saharan africa in 2015 [1, 2]. Although ghana's health indicators largely surpass many african nations, the country has faced significant challenges in improving maternal and child survival . Despite nearly halving th... |
As developing countries begin to meet the first round of public health goals, they should put in place policies that anticipate the next . According to recent reports, progress on frontline issues has been good: both the maternal mortality rate and the mortality rate for children under five have nearly halved since 199... |
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) has become a common procedure of therapy for patients with hematological malignancies and many other life threatening blood disorders . However, viral and fungal infections associated with the severe immunoablative conditioning used prior to hsct still represent a major ch... |
Studies have shown that laparoscopic cbd stone retrieval is as efficient and effective as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp). Usually, the transcystic approach is considered the first treatment of choice for laparoscopic cbd exploration because transcystic cbd exploration has more benefits than the c... |
Abiotrophia defectiva is part of the normal human microbiota, colonizing the oral, genitourinary, and intestinal tracts . It is a rare, yet important, cause of infective endocarditis, and is estimated to cause approximately 5 - 6% of all cases of infective endocarditis, including being a major cause of blood culture - ... |
The approach usually taken by the general population to phytomedicine is that such a therapy is natural and therefore safe, but several studies have demonstrated that this statement is not true . The relationship between the use of herbal compounds, alone or in combination with traditional drugs, and the occurrence of ... |
While breast cancer has long been recognized as a major public health burden in high - income countries, the majority of cases actually occur in low- and middle - income countries (lmcs), and it is expected that incidence rates will rise most rapidly in these locations . The relative burden of mortality is also higher ... |
Rolled - up nanotech has become a powerful technology with applications in a broad range of research fields, including optofluidics, micromachinery [4 - 6], magnetofluidics, biophysics, nanomechanics, and waveguiding for different spectral ranges and applications [10 - 12]. Large arrays of periodically ordered microtub... |
The current study utilizes data from the administrative records of a large workers compensation insurance company in the united states that included claims from a variety of different states, industries, organizations, and company sizes . All workers compensation claims with complete data for individuals who had an inj... |
Patients with neck pain often have impaired proprioception of the neck and reduced rom, for which proprioception training and rom training are usually prescribed in rehabilitation protocols . More and more researchers and clinicians are interested in the assessment1 and treatment of strength2, endurance, range of motio... |
Compound 1 was obtained as white needles (ch3oh) and had a molecular formula of c14h14o5, which was determined on the basis of hresims, showing eight degrees of unsaturation, suggesting the presence of two aromatic rings . The c nmr data (table 2) showed five aromatic methines [114.5 (c-5), 116.1 (c-5), 116.8 (c-6), an... |
There is growing evidence that non - communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (cvd), stroke, hypertension and type 2 diabetes may originate in early life, a paradigm known as the developmental origins of health and disease (dohad). Investigations into mechanisms underpinning dohad using animal models and hu... |
Harlequin ichthyosis (hi) is a rare genetic disorder of skin keratinization and is the most severe form of congenital ichthyosis with an incidence of about 1 in 300,000 births (1,2). Affected newborns have a thickened, grooved, hard (armor like) and hyperkeratotik skin with deep fissures that are most prominent over ar... |
The lifetime risk of end - stage kidney disease (eskd) among african americans is threefold higher than that among whites . Differences in access to care and other socioeconomic factors do not entirely account for the markedly higher rates of eskd among african americans which suggests a possible role for genetic facto... |
The ability of a newborn baby, fresh out of the womb, to attach to the maternal nipple and begin sucking leads many to label the behavior as innate . Some extend this concept of innate behavior to include reflexes, denoting fixed action patterns organized as sensory - motor circuits in the brain stem or spinal cord [1,... |
Although behcet's disease can affect any organ system, pulmonary involvement is uncommon and typically manifests as pulmonary vascular lesions . Pulmonary artery aneurysms involving the large proximal branches of the pulmonary arteries are the most common finding on chest computed tomography and hemoptysis is a common ... |
Kohn sham density - functional theory (ks dft) is the method most widely used in electronic structure calculations, due to its modest computational cost combined with an accuracy that is often competitive with much more expensive ab initio methods . The accuracy of the method is limited by the quality of approximations... |
The physician patient relationship has received extensive philosophical, legal, and literary attention since the time of hippocrates and is one of the key subjects in the modern medical literature . Patient trust in physicians is widely recognized as being central to the physician patient relationship . Furthermore, th... |
Oral contraceptive pills (ocps) are commonly used for contraception, polycystic ovarian syndrome, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, etc ., common side effects of ocps include nausea, vomiting, headache, bloating, breast tenderness, swelling of the feet, weight gain, breakthrough bleeding, and venous... |
Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which misfolding of extracellular protein is the pathogenic factor . This process produces insoluble, toxic protein aggregates that are deposited in tissues in bundles of -sheet fibrillar protein . The most common cause of amyloidosis is clonal plasma cells in the bon... |
The reverse trial was a prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel - controlled multinational study designed to determine whether crt limited the progression of hf compared with optimal medical therapy alone . The study included 610 patients with acc / aha stage c, nyha class i or ii hf patients with qrs more than... |
Paranasal sinus osteoma is a slow growing benign encapsulated tumor occurring most commonly in frontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses . Osteoma size generally range in 2 mm to 30 mm diameter, osteoma having diameter> 30 mm or weight more than 110 g is typically considered a giant osteoma of the paranasal sinuses are ra... |
Carcinogenesis is a long and multi - step process that includes initiation, promotion and progression as a consequence of an imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death, during which complex interplay concerning inflammation between epithelial layer and mesenchymal tissues occurred, after which more genetic and... |
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (rcvs) is characterized by severe headaches, with or without other acute neurological symptoms, and by the diffuse segmental constriction of the cerebral arteries that resolves spontaneously within three months (1). In addition to the simple vasoconstriction demonstrated by... |
There is a consensus that artemisinin combination therapies (acts) are efficacious in the treatment of malaria (1). Kenya adopted artemisinin lumefantrine (al) as its first - line act malaria treatment in april 2004 . The same year, the government of kenya also began distributing free al branded coartem in the public f... |
This randomized controlled trial was conducted in five primary care clinics affiliated with the edmonton south side primary care network in edmonton, canada . These primary care teams were akin to the patient - centered medical home (15) and consisted of physicians and nurses who had support from dietitians, physiother... |
Carbapenems are considered to be one of the few drugs that are useful for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant gram - negative bacteria . The emergence of carbapenem - resistant enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern due to the large spectrum of resistant genes and the lack of therapeutic... |
Anti - retroviral therapy (art) has improved the quality of life of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients worldwide . A reduction in hiv - related morbidity and mortality has been recognized in countries where art has been made widely available . To achieve optimal results from art, high levels of patient adheren... |
Cancer is defined as an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression leading to deregulated balance of cell proliferation and cell death . Cancer is those tumors that have developed the ability to invade the surrounding normal tissues . Cancers are caused by exogenous chemical, physical, or bi... |
The gag reflex is a physiological response which safeguards the airway from foreign bodies . Gagging can become a conditioned response that makes dental treatment difficult or impossible for both the individual and the dentist . Clinicians successfully treat many patients with mild gagging problems using only minor pro... |
A 57-year - old female patient came to the hospital with pain in both thighs, especially on the right side . The pain was exacerbated during weight bearing and walking and decreased while resting . In the physical examination, the range of motion of the hip joint was normal, and there were no abnormal neurological find... |
Single and double, fluorescent and non - fluorescent, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical stainings were performed using standard protocols . To analyze the ltbp3 loss of function phenotype, we injected anti - sense ltbp3 morpholinos into one - cell stage wt and transgenic embryos . For genetic lineage tracin... |
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (turbt) is the treatment of choice for non - muscle - invasive urothelial carcinoma . Intraperitoneal perforation is a rare and serious complication of turbt, which can be complicated by increased leakage, systemic absorption of irrigation fluid and by bowel injury . Intraperito... |
Adhesive dentistry emphasizes on the development of materials to understand the interaction with the tooth tissues.1 the rapid advancement in adhesive technology has extensively influenced modern restorative dentistry . Despite numerous advances made in adhesive technology during the last 50 years, the bonded interface... |
The term adenoid cystic carcinoma (acc) was first used by spies in 1930 . It is more common in the minor salivary glands (> 25%) rather than in the major salivary glands (about 5%). The tumor is characterized by slow and relentless growth with a tendency for extensive local invasion . A particular feature of acc is the... |
Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women in the united states . Approximately 21 550 new cases and 14 600 deaths are estimated annually in the us . There are, however, large variations in the incidence of ovarian canc... |
Healthy aging is defined as aging without disease . With the current attempts to increase the life span, understanding the molecular interactions and mechanisms involved in normal brain aging continues to be a challenge . Cerebral aging is a complex and heterogenous process that is associated with a high degree of inte... |
Acetaminophen gained widespread popularity in the 1960s as a less toxic, analgesic antipyretic agent than aspirin . Ironically, acetaminophen is now the second leading cause of toxic drug ingestions in the united states . Acetaminophen toxicity is thus a real burden on our health care system, and hepatotoxicity due to ... |
The exocrine pancreas functions are the synthesis, storage, and secretion of digestive enzymes into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract where the enzymes are responsible for converting foodstuffs ingested into aqueous soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the intestinal epithelium . The two key epithelial cell ... |
Granular cell tumors (gct) are uncommon soft tissue neoplasms that may be asymptomatic or may present as a slow growing nodule . We present a case of granular cell tumor in the right inguinal region misdiagnosed as a reactive lymph node on cytology . A 63-year - old male presented with swelling in the right inguinal re... |
A large fraction of all dna damages are formed at 2-deoxyguanosines (dgs). Of the four common nucleosides in dna, oxidation takes place most easily at dg residues, giving rise to a variety of products including 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo - dg) (figure 1). 8-oxo - dg is more susceptible to oxidation than ... |
Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ess) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the uterus which are composed of cells closely resembling normal proliferative endometrial stromal tissue . Traditionally, ess were classified into low - grade and high - grade ess based on mitotic rate . High - grade tumors however, have little rese... |
Estimation of lung volume is used to help categorize the type, severity, and progression of lung diseases, and their response to therapy.1 the overestimation of total lung capacity (tlc) by body plethysmograpy compared with high - resolution computed tomography (hrct) (or, as some see it, the underestimation by hrct co... |
Medical schools in many parts of the world have begun to incorporate disaster - related topics into their curricula . In 2003, the association of american medical colleges (aamc) in the united states recommended that bioterrorism education be included in all medical school programs . In germany, federal laws have been ... |
Analyses were conducted for a nationally representative sample of adult ambulatory care visits, using publicly available data from the 2007 namcs . The namcs is a national survey, with the use of a multistage probability sampling design (10). All ambulatory care visits of office - based physicians were randomly sampled... |
Mitochondrial membranes possess quality control systems that remove non - assembled polypeptides and prevent their possibly deleterious accumulation in the membrane (arnold & langer, 2002). Several transcription factors are synthesized as membrane proteins and activated upon the specific proteolytic cleavage of solvent... |
In at least some of immune thrombocytopenia (itp) patients, thrombocytopenia is worsened by inappropriately low levels of platelet production, unable to compensate for the increased peripheral immune - mediated destruction of platelets . Until recently, management of itp adult patients with platelet counts <3010/l and/... |
Colorectal polyps are histologically classified as neoplastic or nonneoplastic . Most colorectal cancers (crcs) arise from neoplastic adenomatous polyps, and serrated polyps have recently been shown to have a different potential than traditional adenomatous polyps to develop into malignant crc 1 2 3 . Serrated polyps a... |
Depression, a commonly seen psychological health problem across the world, prevents the functionality, creativity, happiness, and satisfaction of individuals, reduces their quality of life, and leads to losses in the work force (1). Pregnancy, one of the important processes in women, is a natural event as well as a per... |
Pgp, the most well characterized drug transporter in the abc protein superfamily is encoded by the abcb1, previously named mdr1, gene.12 among oncologists, pgp may be most wellknown for its role in mediating chemotherapeutic multidrug resistance . Justifiably, when pgp was first discovered in a multidrug resistant cell... |
Central serous chorioretinopathy (csc) is defined as a circumscribed neurosensory retinal detachment caused by focal retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) incompetence . It is generally a self - limiting condition, in which patients complain of metamorphopsia, micropsia, relative central scotoma, and a moderate decrease of ... |
Metabolic diseases (mds) and neuromuscular disorders (nmds) comprise a large heterogeneous group of diseases, that directly (via intrinsic muscle pathology or defective metabolic pathways) or indirectly (via nerve pathology), impair muscle function and result in exercise intolerance . Although the value of exercise tes... |
Primary non - hodgkin's lymphoma of bone (plb) is a rare disease that accounts for less than 2 percent of all lymphomas in adults (1). The histologies of the vast majority of cases present as diffuse large b - cell lymphoma, while t - cell lymphomas are extremely rare (2 - 10). Although there are a few publications reg... |
The peptide bond linking adjacent amino acids in protein structures can adopt either the cis or the trans conformation . The cis conformation occurs rarely in polypeptides because of the higher intrinsic energy compared to the trans conformation . Despite their infrequent occurrence, cis peptide bonds are very importan... |
Orbital roof fractures secondary to blunt trauma are rarely encountered, but the exact incidence of orbital trauma remains unknown . Traumatic encephaloceles in the orbital cavity are even rarer, with only 15 cases reported till date . The commonest cause is a frontal impact or a lateral blow to the orbital rim . The t... |
When imagining time and their own life events, humans do not only retrieve or predict when events have occurred or will occur, but also automatically project themselves on an imagined mental time line . Self - time travelling can thus be regarded as the ability to transpose one's habitual self - location in time to dif... |
The development of bioinformatics has been initially driven not only by the enormous quantity of data that the biologist community was able to produce during the last decades, but also by the necessity of finding approaches to organize and better analyze these huge datasets . Although the protein structures constitute ... |
Our approach employs the one - bead - one - compound approach to library design, which capitalizes on split - pool combinatorial synthesis . This approach also allows for an evolutionary approach to catalyst optimization, in analogy to the strategy employed in the directed evolution of enzymes . For our initial screeni... |
Through our service we have witnessed dramatic advancements in biology and the related areas in the past 20 or more years . For example, using genome sequence data for eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes, some authors constructed a tree of life, which is the phylogenetic tree of the three super - kingdoms (1,2). ... |
About 20 years ago, for reasons now lost in the mists of the 20th century, i wrote a review about the ribosome for nature . Ribosomes had been discovered in the mid-1950s and, until the late 1960s, ribosome research was a major part of molecular biology . By the late 1960s it had emerged that ribosomes are the polymera... |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) is a genetic cardiovascular disease characterized by primary hypertrophy of a non - dilated ventricle . Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (hocm) is generally regarded as a left ventricular (lv) outflow tract (lvot) pressure gradient (pg) of approximately 50 mm hg at rest or with ... |
Mandibular nerve block is commonly used for diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia involving the mandibular division . Neurolytic blockade with absolute alcohol / phenol is usually required after diagnostic block to provide long term pain relief . Common complications of this block are hypoesthesia, dysesthesi... |
Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously without necessitating any treatment; however, about 20% require endoscopic or surgical removal1). Most swallowed toothbrushes have been found in the esophagus or the stomach of the affected patient, and there has been no previously repor... |
Lichen myxedematosus (lm) is a primary mucinosis that is not accompanied by thyroid disease . In the updated classification of lm given by rongioletti et al . [1, 2], the nodular type is one subset of lm that is characterized by multiple nodules on the limbs and trunk with mild or absent papular eruption . Herein, we r... |
Although the conventional surgical treatment is still the most utilized and effective treatment for colorectal malignancy, the procedure may lead to prolonged hospital stay, increased medical costs, and medical resource overuse due to the aggressiveness of the approach and the high risk of developing postoperative nutr... |
Invasive species can be expensive pests, causing changes to local ecosystems that can interfere with ecosystem services and extirpate native organisms (mack et al ., 2000, sakai et al ., 2001). Parasite relationships that are important to ecosystem productivity, stability, and biodiversity (anderson and may, 1978). Hos... |
Pemphigus vegetans is a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris which commonly involves the flexures and oral mucosa . Pemphigus vegetans is a rare form of pemphigus vulgaris comprising only 1 - 2% cases . Pemphigus vegetans is an autoimmune disease characterized by flaccid bullae or pustules that erode to form hypertrophic... |
Eosinophilic esophagitis (ee) is defined as a primary clinicopathologic disorder of the esophagus characterized by esophageal and/or upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, whose clinical findings in adults include food impaction and dysphagia, whereas feeding intolerance and symptoms consistent with gastroesophageal re... |
Traditionally, this variability in movement was viewed as random noise - providing minimal important information [1, 2]. With the introduction of chaos and complexity theory into the life sciences in the 1990s, this negative view of variability gait (i.e., walking) is a complicated process involving coordination of mul... |
Traumatic brain injury (tbi) is an insult to the brain that is caused by an external force . . Associations between tbi and a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders have been described since the days of yore being referred to as traumatic insanities tbi is associated with a gamut of psychiatric disorders that may be div... |
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