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Recent studies have documented that directional atherectomy is safe for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease and has low reintervention rates, acceptable complication rates 18, and less need for bail out stenting 9 . The second transatlantic inter - society consensus (tasc ii) document on management of pad reco... |
Structure of the right - handed b - form dna has been known since 1953 . Instead of being a conformationally homogenous molecule, dna has the capability of adopting several types of conformations as dictated by its sequence . As early as 1957, association of ribonucleic poly - a and poly - u polymers into three - stran... |
Each case had been originally reported as a d. latum infection on the basis of morphologic identification only . Case 12 was reported in harbin city, heilongjiang province, in 2009 (13). The 4 cases reported in shanghai were diagnosed at the national institute for parasitic diseases, shanghai, on the basis of morpholog... |
It is estimated that over two million people worldwide are living with ms [1, 2]. The prevalence of individuals with ms in north america (i.e., canada and the united states (us)) is reported to be one of the highest in the world [1, 2]. Up to 85% of individuals with ms relapses are characterized by episodes of focal ne... |
Cortisol is a hormone secreted when one faces a physical or a psychological stressor . As such when a stressor is perceived, the hypothalamo - pituitary - adrenal (hpa) axis is activated, the end product of which is the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands . Four psychological determinants have been shown to l... |
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (scad) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death . The first case of scad was reported by pretty in 1931, while the first angiographic diagnosis was not made until 1978 . Scad occurs mostly in female patients during the peripartum period, but it can also ... |
Open surgical drainage was the usual treatment modality until the 1980s when image - guided percutaneous aspiration or drainage in addition to systemic antimicrobial agents became the standard of care . Outcomes in patients with this disease have therefore improved with the ready access to interventional radiology in i... |
Our study was carried out between january 2007 and october 2008 at the breast cancer center of the university hospital of saarland, homburg / saar, germany . Two different standard surgical techniques for alnd were compared in group 1 and group 2, respectively . In group 1, the vessels were coagulated whenever bleeding... |
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis and has caused substantial morbidity and mortality in the united states and worldwide, especially in young children . Recent estimates of childhood deaths caused by streptococcus pneumoniae range from 70,000 to 1 million every ye... |
Hcy may get converted to methionine by a reaction that needs 5-methyl thf and b12 or converted to cystathionein by a reaction that needs plp . Many studies suggest that a deficiency of those vitamins that are necessary for hcy metabolism, is associated with a high concentration of hcy and low plasma folate . Patients w... |
Deleterious oral habits (doh) are one of the most frequent factors identified by orthodontists that affect the normal growth and development of muscles and jaw bones during childhood and adolescence . They are conscious at the beginning and become unconscious at some point in the child s development . Doh include non -... |
In the united states, an estimated 40,000 cases of rectal cancer are expected to occur in 2011 . Incidence continues to decrease, as largely evidenced by detection and removal of precancerous lesions through screening . In contrast, in adults younger than 50 years with average risk in whom screening is not recommended,... |
Poor posture while looking at the visual display terminals of smart phones for extended periods causes musculoskeletal problems1 . Straker et al.2 reported that the visual display terminal of a tablet pc, which has a smaller screen than that of a regular desktop computer, requires the user to bend his / her neck more, ... |
An orderly set of related observations leads scientists to postulate an abstract entity or class whose existence somehow explains those relationships . Later on, the entity gets an unambiguous operational definition, through the application of some generally accepted experimental test . Frequently, in a third and final... |
Twenty - five patients (two men and 23 women) with fitzpatrick skin type iii - iv were enrolled in this study . This prospective study was performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines and complied with the policies of the local institutional review board . Written informed consent was obtained from each patient ... |
Influenza viruses, members of the family orthomyxoviridae, are enveloped viruses with segmented, singlestranded, negativesense rna packaged in virions as ribonucleoproteins . Influenza viruses are further classified into three genera, a, b and c, on the basis of the antigenic diversity of virion proteins such as the ma... |
According to national biomonitoring surveys conducted by the centers for disease control and prevention, the plasticizer, bisphenol a (bpa), is present in the urine of more than 95% of us adults [1, 2]. Studies based on animal models suggest that bpa exposure is associated with insulin resistance and weight gain . Prev... |
A combination of clinical, hematological and other microbiological evidence (colony morphology, gram staining, biochemical properties and sensitivity in the antibiogram) should be used when diagnosing neonatal septicemia . Knowledge of pathogens causing infections in young infants is essential for designing community -... |
Pancreatic fistulas are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which both disruption of the pancreatic dust and leakage of amylase and lipase - rich fluid to the skin are present . Pancreatic fistula incidence is 20% after whipple procedure, 30% after distal pancreatectomy, and 40% after pancreatic necrosectomy . Previo... |
Osseointegrated implants are the most advanced alternative in the treatment of patients who need oral rehabilitation . According to the brnemark protocol, a healing period following tooth extraction has been recommended before implant placement, extending the treatment period for several months; however, based on more ... |
Early postoperative gastrointestinal motility dysfunction is a frequent complication of laparotomy, especially after gastrointestinal operation . It may cause small bowel obstruction, serious infection, hepatic dysfunction, or reoperation with prolonged hospitalization and increased perioperative expenses . In patients... |
Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma (dermatofibroma) is a frequent and benign neoplasm, which is easily diagnosed by microscopic examination; however, rare variants may be difficult to identify . The atypical variant is distinctly uncommon as some previous reports have described and may be difficult to distinguish from a ma... |
The stratus optical coherence tomographic (oct) instrument (model 3000, carl zeiss, meditec, dublin, ca) is a third generation model from which high - resolution b - scan images of the retina can be obtained . From these images, the thickness of the macular and the retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) can be measured with ... |
When the first bacterial genome was completed in 1995 it took more than a year of sequencing effort and cost nearly $2 million (1,2). Today it is possible to sequence, assemble and even annotate an entire bacterial genome in less than a day, at a cost of just a few hundred dollars (3). The ease with which bacterial gen... |
Typically practitioners will discard dislodged brackets and replace it with a new bracket.1 as more complex and precise brackets are manufactured, their cost is also increasing so it is necessary to rebond an existing recycled bracket rather than going for a new bracket . The main goal of recycling process is to remove... |
During liver surgery, the inflow occlusion maneuver to prevent blood loss as well as the liver manipulation itself have been shown to induce a cascade of molecular events, referred to as ischemia - reperfusion injury (iri). Iri leads to the activation of kupffer cells (kcs), the release of reactive oxygen species (ros)... |
The emergence of mrsa has spurred the development of alternative therapies such as daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin - dalfopristin, which are not active against gram - negative pathogens and require combination therapy . Ceftaroline is a new, parenteral, broad - spectrum cephalosporin with bactericidal activity ... |
In obstetrics and gynecology angiographic embolization has been successfully used in patients with life - threatening intractable pelvic hemorrhage when routine medical and conservative methods of bleeding control have been tried and not found effective . Management options available to treat intractable pelvic hemorrh... |
This study was a secondary analysis of data obtained from the medical expenditure panel survey (meps)-household component (hc) files, sponsored and made available to the public by the agency for health care research and quality (22). The meps - hc survey collects data from a subsample of the national health interview s... |
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ecmt) is a benign tumor, a rare entity which has recently been added to the group of lesions affecting the tongue . The uniqueness of this lesion lies in the fact that it mostly affects the anterior dorsum of the tongue usually occurring as a submucosal swelling on the anterior thir... |
Due to its prominent position on the face, the nose is very susceptible to trauma and fractures, and 39% of all facial fractures are nasal fracture.1 2 fracture is suspected in the presence of external deformity, palpation of fragments, bones instability, and crackling . Often signs of epistaxis, nasal swelling, nasal ... |
Total knee arthroplasty (tka) is an effective treatment for knee joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis . The perfect reconstruction of lower limb alignment plays a very important role in the outcomes of knee joint replacement, and can affect both symptom relief and the life time of the prosthes... |
Obesity and overweight, caused by multifaceted physical and environmental factors, have become global issues because of their association with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases,1 diabetes,2 musculoskeletal disorders,3 hypertension,4 and several types of cancers.5 according to the fact sheets of the world health or... |
The intimal hyperplasia that develops after venous grafting could be related to surgical trauma, a loss of intrinsic vascular supply, and exposure of the thin - walled structure to an abrupt increase in wall stress as it is moved from low - pressure venous to the high - pressure arterial environment . This leads to sub... |
Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme that is a catalyst in the transfer of nh2 group from l - alanine to alpha - ketoglutarate creating pyruvate and l - glutamate which are important reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle of energy production). Serum levels ar... |
Although no specific etiology has been identified, immobility, impaired venous return, and paralysis of the sympathetic system are thought to promote le . Le can increase arm weight, alter appearance, and cause pain and joint contracture1 . Because it hinders rehabilitation, le therapies for stroke patients complex dec... |
Tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases and has one of the highest mortality rates of all infectious diseases . In 2011, the global incidence of tb was estimated by the world health organization (who) to be 125 cases per 100 000 people, which is equivalent to 8.7 million newly diagnosed patients (... |
Malaria is a parasitic infection that infects 300 - 500 million people per year with plasmodium spp ., and about 2 million people die from the infection . Four common species that infect humans are p. falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, and p. ovale . The most common species in korea is p. vivax, which has been a repres... |
Chromatin is not a static macromolecular structure and may adopt a dynamic configuration of chromatin fiber at different chromosomal loci depending on the presence of linker histones (bustin et al . 2005), non - histone proteins (eissenberg and elgin 2000), chromatin remodelers (corona et al . A nucleosome consists of ... |
Post - operative fever is a common complication of cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass (cbp). Frequency of post - operative fever in cardiovascular surgery varies from 12% to 73% in studies of adults and children . In cardiovascular surgery, this type of fever has generally been related with the use of cpb ... |
Primary aldosteronism (pa) is a condition caused by overproduction of aldosterone and is a major cause of secondary hypertension accounting for 0.513% of all hypertensive subjects . In a large prospective study of 1.180 italian patients with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension (known by the acronym papy), the two mai... |
The scientific review process traditionally involves a group decision - making method, where evaluations are mediated and advocated by spokespersons, and a judgment of quality and merit is made by the group through several prespecified steps . A group decision - making process has many advantages, ie, access to a large... |
Asymmetry of the arrangement of phospholipids throughout the lipid bilayer is a distinctive feature of biological membranes . Phospholipids containing choline such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are present in the outer layer of the plasma membrane . Aminophospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) an... |
The new millennium has started a period of major changes in postgraduate medical education, notably from knowledge based towards competency - based programs aimed at achieving pre - defined training outcomes (1,2). This is especially important for helping students acquire good clinical skills during their learning phas... |
Tourette syndrome (ts) is a disorder of childhood onset characterized by chronic motor and phonic tics . Tics are sudden, involuntary, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations occurring for a limited duration . Motor tics can be simple or complex, ranging from repetitive movements to coordinated action s... |
Congestive heart failure (chf) is the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . While state - of - the - art therapeutics, including -blockers, angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin - receptor blockers, are available to manage chf, the prognosis for patients with this condition rem... |
The incidence of mental retardardation among children is high; one in 50 children is born mentally retarded in japan1 . Pediatric physical therapists often treat physically handicapped children with mental retardation2 . In special needs education schools, treatments for mentally retarded children account for 30.4% of ... |
Ongoing debates within human relations and beyond reflect a keen interest among management scholars in the future of theory building (e.g. Cornelissen and durand, 2014; healey and hodgkinson, 2014; lindebaum and jordan, 2014b). Recently, however, some scholars have expressed concern about the current state of building ... |
Genome - wide analyses have uncovered more than 9,000 long intergenic noncoding rna (lincrna) genes in the human genome (khalil et al . 2009; jia et al . 2010; cabili et al . 2011; derrien et al . 2012), and more than 10,000 lincrna transcripts in the mouse genome (ravasi et al . 2006; mitchell guttman et al . 2009; gu... |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is characterized by airflow limitation caused by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or disease of small airways.1 copd is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.2 in the people s republic of china, with the worsening of pm2.5, more and more people suf... |
In november 2001, a 41-year - old finnish man, who was participating in an international adventure sports race in para (a jungle area in brazil), tripped at night over a loose rock while he was riding a bicycle . He received a bruised, lacerated wound on his left dorsal antebrachium, which he quickly wiped with paper .... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a malignancy of the liver caused by cirrhosis, the scarring of liver tissues . Cirrhotic liver results from chronic inflammation generally attributed to chronic and persistent infections of the liver by hepatitis b virus (hbv) hepatitis c virus (hcv), or alcohol abuse . Other carcinoge... |
In health care, evidence is defined as availability of knowledge to decision makers and provides scientific assessment of performance . Evidence - based practice (ebp) has emerged as a marker for quality of care (1). The uk national health system (nhs) emphasized on the modern, reliable and high quality ensured healthc... |
Tuberculosis pneumonia (tp) is an acute form of pulmonary tuberculosis . Despite the fact that the advent of hiv / aids has changed the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic face of tuberculosis, tp remains a rare disease entity, not much described even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic . The semiologic di... |
The national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) 20032006 was conducted by the national center for health statistics (2). Participants are interviewed in their homes and subsequently receive a physical and laboratory examination in a mobile examination center . Among eligible subjects in 20032006, individu... |
Infected patients were placed in isolation and offered oseltamivir, and respiratory samples were collected for screening for h275y, the principal mutation associated with oseltamivir resistance in influenza a n1 viruses . H275y was detected in a pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus isolated from a sample from a 28-year - old fem... |
Scaphoid is the most common carpal bone to fracture, its diagnosis is frequently delayed and is more prone to osteonecrosis and nonunion.1 the incidence of osteonecrosis following fractures of the scaphoid is reported between 13% and 50% with higher chances in fractures of proximal one - fifth of the scaphoid and it us... |
During the past decade, there has been an expansion in new scientific knowledge related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). This knowledge has been summarized rather recently in published reviews, which provided key insights into ibd pathogenesis [1, 2]. Briefly, ibd consists of two distinct diseas... |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common cancers and chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is the most common cause of hcc worldwide . The mainland of china, an area endemic for hbv genotypes b and c, accounts for one - third of global hbv - infected subjects and half of global hcc cases . Acco... |
Multiple myeloma (mm) is a clonal plasma cell proliferative disorder, that accounts for 1% of all malignancies and 10% of malignant hematologic neoplasms . It is a disease with a higher incidence in the elderly, with a male predominance and is extremely rare in young adults below 30 years of age . Even though, it is co... |
They have been associated with higher levels of psychological stress compared to many other occupational groups . In a study conducted in 2011 the results showed that within the support group, radiation workers experienced job stress more than others did (1). Despite numerous studies on job stress among healthcare work... |
Leukemia is the most common malignancy in young adults and comprises approximately 8% of all human cancers and is known as the fifth most prevalent cancer in the world . Considering the number of affected people to the general population, different types of leukemia have shown the highest growth rate during the past 26... |
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, such as hepatitis, tumors, and diarrhea in east asian countries [1, 2]. S. baicalensis contains a variety of flavones, phenylethanoids, amino acids, sterols, and essential oils . Its dried roots co... |
Air - blowing equipment is often used in dentistry and oral surgery, and there are many reports of subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema with the use of these machines . Furthermore, emphysema has been reported with jaw corrective surgery, injuries and alternating washes in root - canal therapy . However, there are no ... |
Superficial temporal artery - middle cerebral artery (sta - mca) bypass has been generally used for stroke prevention in patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency such as in moyamoya disease and atherosclerotic occlusion.5)19) a recent randomized controlled trial, the carotid occlusion surgery study (coss), c... |
The nonribosomal peptides (nrp) represent a significant source of clinically important therapeutics, such as cyclosporin a, vancomycin, and penicillin . These microbial secondary metabolites are typically generated by large, multimodular synthetases that add and modify residues in an ordered, template - independent fas... |
From april 2001 to august 2002, a trapease filter was placed into the inferior vena cava (ivc) of 48 consecutive patients . Of the 48 patients, four were lost to follow - up and two refused to complete study 42 patients (8 men, 34 women; mean age: 66, age range: 22 - 78 years) were prospectively enrolled into the study... |
Pharmacogenetics refers to the influence of dna variants on drug response, the knowledge of which can facilitate selection of the optimal drug, dose, and treatment duration and avert adverse drug reactions . Several demonstrations have been given on the differences in response to drugs between children and adults . The... |
Falling due to aging problems has become a social problem as well as an individual, physical, psychological, and economic problem due to a steady increase in the proportion of the elderly . In particular, obstacle crossing is the most common cause of falls in older adults1, 2 . Thus, it is meaningful to analyze the bio... |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a readily available commensal of importance (1), found in water, soil, sewage and frequently on plant or within plant rhizosphere (2). The bacteria explore the depression of immune systems to cause infection (4 - 6), though they have also been implicated in infection of immunocompetent s... |
Despite the global falling of tuberculosis (tb) incidence, tb continues to be one of the major threats to mankind . Around 9.6 million new tb cases reported in the year 2014 worldwide with over 1.5 million people died from the disease in the same year . In addition to increasing morbidity and mortality of the source ca... |
Arterial stiffness is a non - traditional risk factor which has an independent predictive value for all - cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cvd, fatal and non - fatal coronary events in patients with various cardiovascular risks: very high (end - stage renal disease),9 10 high (diabetes),11 moderate (uncomplic... |
The epf proteins form a subfamily of tfiiia - type zinc - finger (zf) proteins (zpts) of plants [1, 2]. The tfiiia - type zf motif is a sequence of cx24cx3fx5lx2hx35h, in which two cysteines and two histidines tetrahedrally coordinate a zinc atom to form a compact structure containing a -hairpin and an -helix (motif), ... |
It is estimated that there are 34 million hiv - infected people living worldwide with 68% residing in sub - saharan africa and 50% of cases occurring among women . Serodiscordance, in which one person in a couple is hiv - infected and the other person is hiv - uninfected, is a common phenomenon . In a multisite collabo... |
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were introduced into clinical practice due to their ability to differentiate into many types of cells . Autologous matrix - induced chondrogenesis (amic) combines the microfracture method with matrix - based techniques that utilizes a collagen membrane to serve as a scaffold for new b... |
In necrotizing fasciitis (nf), bacterial invasion of the subcutaneous tissue with subsequent release of endo- and exotoxins causes tissue ischemia and liquefactive necrosis . The estimated prevalence in children is 0.08 per 100,000 children per year,1 and mortality is found to be 15%.2 early diagnosis is as essential f... |
The term work - related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds) refers to msds that are made worse or longer lasting by work conditions . Dentists are among the workers who are more often susceptible to msds; their work includes risk factors that may lead to many pathologies such as tendinitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, and ... |
Understanding how transcription factors that regulate specific spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression control cellular development remains a major challenge . Although many transcription factors essential for tissue specification have been discovered and cellular processes that they influence have been identified, ... |
A common complication in patients on long - term dialysis is secondary hyperparathyroidism (shpt), which causes mineral bone disorder of chronic kidney disease (ckd - mbd). Active vitamin d analogues are widely used as standard medical therapy for shpt, but it can be difficult to maintain serum calcium and phosphate le... |
Though imaging findings of hydatid cyst involving liver, lung and brain have commonly described, description of musculo - skeletal hydatidosis is rare . Clinical dilemma as the lesion often clinically mimics a neoplasm (more so a malignancy) and serological tests for hydatidosis are often negative . We describe a case ... |
Teething can be defined as the eruption of primary teeth in infancy, which usually begins around 4 - 10 months after birth with further eruption progressing at the rate of approximately one new tooth per month . The full complement of the twenty deciduous teeth is almost always completed in a 30-months - old child.1 th... |
The metabolic syndrome (mets) comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk markers with insulin resistance and adiposity as central features [14]. Five diagnostic criteria for mets have been identified (central obesity, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides (tgs) and/or low high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl - c)), ... |
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (mpnst) is a rare type of soft tissue malignant tumor that occurs in only 5% of cases . It tends to occur in the arms and legs and trunk of the body, with mediastinal occurrence in only a few cases . Among mediastinal tumors, only 18.8% occur primarily in the nerves, and of these... |
We diagnosed possible imported zika virus infection in patients by using a real - time reverse transcription pcr (rrt - pcr) assay based on a published method targeting the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) gene (21) and a commercial serologic assay (euroimmun ag, lbeck, germany). (we diagnosed infection in patient 1 by us... |
Recent advances in cancer treatment have resulted in an increased number of long - term cancer survivors (1). Currently, the 5-year survival of childhood cancers lies between 7580% (2) and the cure rate for certain malignancies may exceed 90% (3). Estimates suggest that by 2010, about one in every 250 people will be a ... |
Micro - leakage is one of the major reasons for recurrent decays, pulp inflammation and necrosis . The most important complication of micro - leakage is uncontrollable flow of liquids that may lead to pulp inflammation and peri - apical pathology [1, 2]. Pits and fissures in the first new - erupted permanent molars esp... |
The rationale and design of the ideall project have been described previously (9,10). The project emanated from a strategic initiative to improve diabetes care in the community health network of san francisco, the integrated delivery system of the san francisco department of public health . Efficacy studies of atsm lin... |
Chronic heart failure (chf) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality . Approximately 5 million americans and more than 10 million europeans have chf, with an incidence approaching 1% of the population among people over 65 years of age . It is a progressively debilitating condition and despite treatment, only half of... |
Acanthamoeba species are ubiquitous free - living organisms that are typically harmless to humans, but in rare instances can cause severe opportunistic infection . First described as a significant cause of corneal disease in 1974 by naginton et al ., acanthamoeba keratitis (ak) is a rare but potentially devastating amo... |
Patients were recruited from the cardiac centre of high tech hospital, which is affiliated to vinayaka deemed medical university, salem, tamil nadu, india . The study was approved by the ethics review board of the institution . In this study, 68 consecutive non - cirrhotic patients with clinical and biochemical diagnos... |
Widely employed by the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries,1 the catalytic oxidation of alcohol to aldehydes or ketones based on the versatile organocatalyst tempo (2,2,6,6tetramethyl1piperidinyloxy or 2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidine1oxyl), first synthesized by lebedev and kazarnowskii in 1960,2 is an highly selec... |
The current modes of information and communication technology such as computers, the internet, and mobile phones have changed adolescents' daily life drastically . In addition to being a convenience to people's communication methods, technology unfortunately has negative side - effects . The most frequent negative side... |
The patient is a 50-year - old man with a history of a left adrenal pheochromocytoma and para - aortic paraganglioma which was surgically resected 21 years before his presentation . Initial presentation began with recent episodic hypertension which was referred to a nephrologist based on his history . He had a 24-hour ... |
Dentists treatment decisions are influenced by their knowledge of and attitudes towards care options,2 and assessing these is worthwhile.3 preventive approach in dental practice has been cited as a reason for caries decline in recent decades4 and as a predominant part of the service - mix of dental practices in the fut... |
Developmental venous anomalies (dvas), which have been called venous angiomas, are extreme variations of the normal transmedullary veins that are necessary for the drainage of white and gray matter.3) dvas serve as normal drainage routes of the brain tissue . Though most dvas are discovered fortuitously and bear no cli... |
Aneurysms arising at the petrous internal carotid artery (ica) are rare, and their pathogenesis remains uncertain . The mechanisms in formation of aneurysms at the petrous portion of the carotid artery: mycotic, traumatic, and congenital . Infection and inflammation occurring in the middle ear can cause erosion of bony... |
Rna interference (rnai) is an evolutionarily conserved, gene - silencing mechanism that is triggered by double - stranded rna (dsrna). Namely, small interfering rna (sirna) and microrna (mirna)are central players in rnai . Both sirnas and mirnas regulate gene expression by annealing to mrna sequence elements that are f... |
Clonorchiasis is a serious foodborne zoonotic disease in southeast asia, especially in china, korea, and vietnam . The clinical manifestations are intimately associated with the degree of infection and with complications . During infection, clonorchis sinensis parasitize the intrahepatic bile ducts in the liver, releas... |
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