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ORG Satavahanas, LOC Delhi Sultanate, LOC Bijapur, LOC Vijayanagara Empire, LOC Magadha, PER Ashoka, LOC Western Maharashtra, LOC Velha Goa, ORG Kadambas, PER Chutus, PER Adil Shahis, PER Harihara I, LOC Goa, ORG Silharas, LOC Konkan, LOC Malkhed, ORG Western Kshatrapas, PER Yadav, ORG Bhojas, LOC Gujarat, ORG Rashtrakutas, ORG Vijayanagara, ORG Kalachuris, PER Bahmani, LOC Badami, LOC Maurya, LOC Old Goa, LOC Kalyani, LOC Kolhapur, LOC Gulbarga, ORG Chalukyas, PER Abhiras, LOC Karwar | In the 3rd century BC, Goa was part of the Maurya Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Ashoka of Magadha. Buddhist monks laid the foundation of Buddhism in Goa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 6th century AD, Goa was ruled by the Bhojas of Goa. Chutus of Karwar also ruled some parts as feudatories of the Satavahanas of Kolhapur (2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD), Western Kshatrapas (around 150 AD), the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra, Bhojas of the Yadav clans of Gujarat, and the Konkan Mauryas as feudatories of the Kalachuris. The rule later passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 578 and 753, and later the Rashtrakutas of Malkhed from 753 to 963. From 765 to 1015, the Southern Silharas of Konkan ruled Goa as the feudatories of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas. Over the next few centuries, Goa was successively ruled by the Kadambas as the feudatories of the Chalukyas of Kalyani. They patronised Jainism in Goa.In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the Delhi Sultanate. The kingdom's grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 it was forced to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijayanagara Empire. The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469 when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. After that dynasty crumbled, the area fell into the hands of the Adil Shahis of Bijapur, who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as Velha Goa (or Old Goa). | Goa Early history |
LOC Estado da Índia, LOC Bicholim, LOC Quepem, LOC Bijapur, PER Timoji, LOC State of Portuguese India, LOC Ilhas de Goa, LOC Panjim, LOC Sanguem, LOC Velha Goa, LOC Sattari, PER Yusuf Adil Shah, LOC Salcette, LOC Diu, LOC Goa, LOC Pernem, LOC Silvassa, LOC Old Goa, ORG Goa Inquisition, LOC Bardes, LOC India, LOC Daman, LOC City of New Goa, LOC Panaji, PER Thimmayya, LOC Cidade da Nova Goa, LOC Canacona | In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur sultan Yusuf Adil Shah with the help of a local ally, Thimmayya or Timoji, a privateer. They set up a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (Old Goa). This was the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa that would last for four and a half centuries, until its annexation by India in 1961. The Goa Inquisition, a formal tribunal, was established in 1560, and was finally abolished in 1812.From the latter decades of the eighteenth century, the territory of Goa was composed of two segments: the central nucleus of the Velhas Conquistas (Old Conquests)—Bardes, Ilhas de Goa, and Salcette—which territories had been under Portuguese administration since the sixteenth century; and the Novas Conquistas (New Conquests)—Bicholim, Canacona, Pernem, Quepem, Sattari, and Sanguem—territories which had been successively added through the eighteenth century.In 1843, the Portuguese moved the capital to the Cidade da Nova Goa (City of New Goa), today known as Panaji (Panjim), from Velha Goa (Old Goa). By the mid-18th century, Portuguese expansions lost other possessions in India until their borders stabilised and formed the Goa, Daman and Diu, which included Silvassa prior to the Annexation, it was known as Estado da Índia in Portuguese, that is the "State of Portuguese India". | Goa Portuguese period |
LOC India, LOC Daman, LOC Portugal, LOC Diu, LOC Union Territory, LOC Goa, LOC Maharashtra, ORG Indian Army | After India gained independence from British rule in 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves. On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with Operation Vijay resulting in the annexation of Goa, and of Daman and Diu islands into the Indian union. Goa, along with Daman and Diu, was organised as a centrally administered union territory of India. On 16 January 1967 a referendum was held in Goa, to decide the future of the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu. It was the only referendum to have been held in independent India. The referendum offered the people of Goa a choice between continuing as a union territory or merging with the state of Maharashtra and the majority chose the former. On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory. | Goa Contemporary period |
LOC Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary, LOC Sonsogor Peak, LOC Chapora, LOC Molem, LOC Cumbarjua canal, LOC Goa, LOC Karnataka, LOC Mollem National Park, LOC Zuari, LOC Terekhol, LOC Konkan, LOC Galgibag, LOC Deccan Plateau, LOC Mormugao, LOC Sal, LOC Dudhsagar Falls, LOC Mandovi, LOC Southwest, LOC India, LOC Anmod, LOC Talpona, ORG Goa University, PER Kadamba, LOC South Asia, LOC Western Ghats | Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi). It lies between the latitudes 14°53′54″ N and 15°40′00″ N and longitudes 73°40′33″ E and 74°20′13″ E.Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the Deccan Plateau. The highest point is the Sonsogor Peak, with an altitude of 1,026 m (3,366 ft). Goa has a coastline of 160 km (99 mi).Goa's seven major rivers are the Mandovi, Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora, Galgibag, Cumbarjua canal, Talpona, and the Sal. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the most important rivers, interspaced by the Cumbarjua canal, forming a major estuarine complex. These rivers are fed by the Southwest monsoon rain and their basin covers 69% of the state's geographical area. These rivers are some of the busiest in India. Goa has more than 40 estuarine, eight marine, and about 90 riverine islands. The total navigable length of Goa's rivers is 253 km (157 mi). Goa has more than 300 ancient water tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over 100 medicinal springs.Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the Zuari river is considered one of the best natural harbours in South Asia.Most of Goa's soil cover is made up of laterites rich in ferric-aluminum oxides and reddish in colour. Further inland and along the riverbanks, the soil is mostly alluvial and loamy. The soil is rich in minerals and humus, thus conducive to agriculture. Some of the oldest rocks in the Indian subcontinent are found in Goa between Molem and Anmod on Goa's border with Karnataka. The rocks are classified as Trondjemeitic Gneiss estimated to be 3,600 million years old, dated by rubidium isotope dating. A specimen of the rock is exhibited at Goa University.
Dudhsagar Falls at Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park | Goa Geography |
LOC Goa, LOC Arabian Sea | Goa features a tropical monsoon climate under the Köppen climate classification. Goa, being in the torrid zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a hot and humid climate for most of the year. The month of May is usually the hottest, seeing daytime temperatures of over 35 °C (95 °F) coupled with high humidity. The state's three seasons are southwest monsoon period (June–September), post-monsoon period (October–January), and pre-monsoon period (February–May). Over 90% of the average annual rainfall (3,048 mm or 120 in) is received during the monsoon season. | Goa Climate |
LOC Dharbandora, LOC Bicholim, LOC Quepem, LOC South Goa, LOC Chaudi, LOC Valpoi, LOC Tiswadi, LOC Panjim, LOC Salcete, LOC Sanguem, LOC Sattari, LOC Sanquelim, LOC North Goa, LOC Margao, LOC Goa, LOC Pernem, LOC Mormugao, ORG Municipal, LOC Cuncolim, LOC Curchorem, LOC Ponda, ORG Government of India, LOC Vasco, LOC Panaji, LOC Madgaon, LOC Mapusa, LOC Bardez, LOC Canacona | The state is divided into two civil districts—North Goa and South Goa. Each district is administered by a District Collector, appointed by the Government of India.Panaji (Panjim) is the headquarters of North Goa district and is also the capital of Goa. North Goa is further divided into three subdivisions—Panaji, Mapusa, and Bicholim; and five talukas (subdistricts)—Tiswadi (Panaji), Bardez (Mapusa), Pernem, Bicholim, and Sattari (Valpoi). Margao (Madgaon) is the headquarters of the South Goa district. It is also the cultural and commercial capital of Goa. South Goa is further divided into five subdivisions—Ponda, Mormugao-Vasco, Margao, Quepem, and Dharbandora; and seven talukas—Ponda, Mormugao, Salcete (Margao), Quepem, and Canacona (Chaudi), Sanguem, and Dharbandora.Goa's major cities are—Panaji, Margao, Vasco-Mormugao, Mapusa, Ponda, Bicholim, and Valpoi. Panaji (Panjim) has the only Municipal Corporation in Goa. There are thirteen Municipal Councils—Margao, Mormugao (merged with Vasco), Pernem, Mapusa, Bicholim, Sanquelim, Valpoi, Ponda, Cuncolim, Quepem, Curchorem, Sanguem, and Canacona. Goa has a total number of 334 villages. | Goa Subdivisions |
LOC India, ORG State, LOC Goa, ORG United Goans Party, ORG Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, ORG Indian National Congress | The politics of Goa are a result of the uniqueness of this region due to 450 years of Portuguese rule, in comparison to three centuries of British rule experienced by the rest of India. The Indian National Congress was unable to achieve electoral success in the first two decades after the State's incorporation into India. Instead, the state was dominated by the regional political parties like Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and the United Goans Party. | Goa Government and politics |
LOC Porvorim, ORG Congress Party, ORG United Goans Democratic Party, PER Manohar Parrikar, ORG Indian National Congress, LOC Panjim, ORG Damaon, LOC Damaon, LOC Diu, LOC Goa, ORG House of the People, ORG Bharatiya Janata Party, ORG Bombay High Court, ORG Rajya Sabha, LOC Silvassa, ORG Goa Bench, ORG Goa Legislative Assembly, ORG Nationalist Congress Party, LOC Mandovi, ORG Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, ORG Council of the States, LOC India, LOC Panaji, ORG BJP, ORG Lok Sabha | Goa has two members of parliament (MP) elected from each district representing the state in the Lok Sabha (House of the People), the lower house of the national Parliament of India. It is also has one member of parliament in the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States), the upper house of the Indian parliament.Goa's administrative capital is based in Panaji, often referred as Panjim in English, Pangim in Portuguese and Ponjê in Konkani, the official language of the state. It lies on the left bank of the Mandovi river. The seat of the Goa Legislative Assembly is in Porvorim, across the Mandovi from Panaji. The state's highest judiciary is the Goa Bench of the Bombay High Court, a branch of the Bombay High Court permanently seated at Panjim. Unlike other states, which follow the model of personal laws framed for individual religions introduced in the days of British Raj, the Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon, a uniform code based on the Napoleonic code was retained in Goa as well as the union territory of Damaon, Diu& Silvassa.Goa has a unicameral legislature, the Goa Legislative Assembly, of 40 members, headed by a speaker. The chief minister heads the executive, which is made up of the party or coalition elected with a majority in the legislature. The governor, the head of the state, is appointed by the president of India. After having stable governance for nearly thirty years up to 1990, Goa is now notorious for its political instability having seen fourteen governments in the span of the fifteen years between 1990 and 2005.In March 2005, the assembly was dissolved by the Governor and President's Rule was declared, which suspended the legislature. A by-election in June 2005 saw the Indian National Congress coming back to power after winning three of the five seats that went to polls. The Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) are the two largest parties in the state. In the assembly poll of 2007, the INC-led coalition won and formed the government. In the 2012 Vidhan Sabha Elections, the Bharatiya Janata Party along with the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party won a clear majority, forming the new government with Manohar Parrikar as the Chief Minister. Other parties include the United Goans Democratic Party, the Nationalist Congress Party.In the 2017 assembly elections, the Indian National Congress gained the most seats, with the BJP coming in second. However, no party was able to gain a majority in the 40 member house. The BJP was invited to form the Government by Governor Mridula Sinha. The Congress claimed the use of money power on the part of the BJP and took the case to the Supreme Court. However, the Manohar Parikkar led Government was able to prove its majority in the Supreme Court mandated "floor test". | Goa Government |
LOC Amazon, LOC Gaur, ORG National Geographic Magazine, LOC Western, LOC Congo, LOC Goa, LOC Nanda Lake | Equatorial forest cover in Goa stands at 1,500 km2 (579 sq mi), most of which is owned by the government. Government-owned forest is estimated at 1,300 km2 (502 sq mi) whilst private is given as 200 km2 (77 sq mi). Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and the Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity.Goa's wildlife sanctuaries boast of more than 1512 documented species of plants, over 275 species of birds, over 48 kinds of animals and over 60 genera of reptiles. Nanda Lake is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa.Goa is also known for its coconut cultivation. The coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (like grass), enabling farmers and real estate developers to clear land with fewer restrictions.Rice is the main food crop, and pulses (legume), Ragi (Finger Millet), and other food crops are also grown. Main cash crops are arecanut, coconut, cashew nut, sugar cane, and fruits like banana, mango, and pineapple. Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Flame-throated Bulbul, and the state tree is the Indian Laurel.
The important forest products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks, and the bhirand. Coconut palm trees are common throughout Goa barring the elevated regions. A variety of deciduous trees, such as teak, Sal tree, cashew, and mango trees are present. Fruits include jackfruit, mango, pineapple, and blackberry. Goa's forests are rich in medicinal plants.Foxes, wild boar and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna (bird species) includes kingfisher, myna and parrot. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crab, lobster, shrimp, jellyfish, oysters, and catfish are the basis of the marine fishery. Goa also has a high snake population. Goa has many famous "National Parks", including the renowned Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary on the island of Chorão. Other wildlife sanctuaries include the Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Molem Wildlife Sanctuary, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, and Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary.Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1,224.38 km2 or 472.74 sq mi) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area. | Goa Flora and fauna |
ORG Vedanta Resources, LOC Mormugao, LOC India, LOC Goa, ORG Dempo, LOC Europe, ORG Sesa Goa | Goa's state domestic product for 2017 is estimated at $11 billion at current prices. Goa is India's richest state with the highest GDP per capita—two and a half times that of the country—with one of its fastest growth rates: 8.23% (yearly average 1990–2000). Tourism is Goa's primary industry: it gets 12% of foreign tourist arrivals in India. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In winter, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come, and summer (which, in Goa, is the rainy season) sees tourists from across India. Goa's net state domestic product (NSDP) was around US$7.24 billion in 2015–16.The land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores, and mining forms the second largest industry. Iron, bauxite, manganese, clays, limestone, and silica are mined. The Mormugao port handled 31.69 a million tonnes of cargo in 2007, which was 39% of India's total iron ore exports. Sesa Goa (now owned by Vedanta Resources) and Dempo are the lead miners. Rampant mining has been depleting the forest cover as well as posing a health hazard to the local population. Corporations are also mining illegally in some areas. During 2015–16, the total traffic handled by Mormugao port was recorded to be 20.78 million tonnes.Agriculture, while of shrinking importance to the economy over the past four decades, offers part-time employment to a sizeable portion of the populace. Rice is the main agricultural crop, followed by areca, cashew, and coconut. Fishing employs about 40,000 people, though recent official figures indicate a decline in the importance of this sector and also a fall in the catch, due perhaps, to traditional fishing giving way to large-scale mechanised trawling.Medium-scale industries include the manufacturing of pesticides, fertilizers, tires, tubes, footwear, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, wheat products, steel rolling, fruits and fish canning, cashew nuts, textiles, brewery products.Currently, there are 16 planned SEZs in Goa. The Goa government has recently decided to not allow any more Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Goa after strong opposition to them by political parties and the Goa Catholic Church.Goa is also notable for its low-priced beer, wine, and spirits prices due to its very low excise duty on alcohol. Another main source of cash inflow to the state is remittance, from many of its citizens who work abroad, to their families. It is said to have some of the largest bank savings in the country.In 1976 Goa became the first state in India to legalize some types of gambling. This enabled the state to levy taxes on gambling, thereby strengthening the economy. There are several casinos available in Goa. In 2018-2019 tax revenue from casinos reached Rs 414 crore.Goa is the second state in India to achieve a 100 percent automatic telephone system with a solid network of telephone exchanges. As of September 2017, Goa had a total installed power generation capacity of 547.88 MW. Goa is also one of the few states in India to achieve 100 percent rural electrification. | Goa Economy |
LOC India, LOC Goa, LOC Sikkim, LOC Karnataka, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, LOC Mizoram, LOC Maharashtra | A native of Goa is called a Goan. Goa has a population of 1.459 million residents as of 2011, making it the fourth least populated state of India after Sikkim, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Population density of Goa is 394 per km2 which is higher than national average 382 per km2. Goa is the state with highest proportion of urban population with 62.17% of the population living in urban areas. The sex ratio is 973 females to 1,000 males. The birth rate was 15.70 per 1,000 people in 2007. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 1.74% and 10.23% of the population respectively. As of the 2011 census, over 76% of the population was born in Goa, while just over half of migrants to the state are from the neighbouring states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. Currently over 50% of the permanent resident population is of non-Goan origin, outnumbering the native ethnic Goan population. | Goa Population |
LOC Daman, LOC Archaeological Museum, LOC State, LOC Diu, LOC Vijayanagara Empire, LOC Goa, LOC Portrait Gallery | The Official Language Act, 1987, of the erstwhile Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu makes Konkani in the Devanagari script the sole official language of Goa, but provides that Marathi may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". Portuguese was the sole official language during Portuguese colonial rule. The government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. There have been demands for according Konkani in the Roman script official status in the state. There is widespread support for keeping Konkani as the sole official language of Goa. The entire liturgy and communication of the Catholic church in Goa is done solely in Konkani in the Roman script.Konkani is spoken as a first language by about 66.11% of the people in the state, but almost all Goans can speak and understand Konkani. A large population of people can speak and understand English as well. Other linguistic groups in the state per the 2011 census are speakers of Marathi (10.89%), Hindi (8.64%), Kannada (4.65%), Urdu (2.83%), and Portuguese language (1%).Historically, Konkani was neither the official nor the administrative language of the many rulers of the State. Under the Kadambas (c. 960–1310), the court language was Kannada. When under Muslim rule (1312–1370 and 1469–1510), the official and cultural language was Persian. Various stones in the Archaeological Museum and Portrait Gallery from the period are inscribed in Kannada and Persian. During the period in between the two periods of Muslim rule, the Vijayanagara Empire, which had control of the state, mandated the use of Kannada and Telugu. | Goa Languages |
LOC India, LOC Poona, LOC Daman, ORG Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa, LOC Portugal, LOC Diu, ORG the, LOC East Indies, ORG Patriarchate, LOC Goa, LOC United Kingdom, LOC Bombay, LOC Bangalore | According to the 2011 census, in a population of 1,458,545 people, 66.1% were Hindu, 25.1% were Christian, 8.3% were Muslim, and 0.1% were Sikh.According to the 1909 statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population in Portuguese controlled Goa was 293,628 out of a total population of 365,291 (80.33%). Since the 20th century, the percentage of Goan Catholics has been facing continual decline caused by a combination of permanent emigration from Goa to cosmopolitan Indian cities (e.g. Bombay, Poona, Bangalore) and foreign countries (e.g. Portugal, the United Kingdom) with the mass immigration of non-Christians from the rest of India since the 20th century. Ethnic Goans represent less than 50% of the state's residents.The Catholics in Goa state and Daman and Diu union territory are served by the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman, the primatial see of India, in which the titular Patriarchate of the East Indies is vested. | Goa Religion |
LOC Baga, LOC Bom Jesus Cathedral, LOC Patnem, ORG CNN Travel, LOC Old Goa, LOC India, LOC Goa, ORG Sinq, LOC Fort Aguada, LOC Palolem, LOC Calangute, ORG Chronicle, LOC Asia, ORG Mambos | Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with lower tourist activity inland. In 2010, there were more than 2 million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.2 million of whom were from abroad. As of 2013, Goa was a destination of choice for Indian and foreign tourists, particularly Britons and Russians, with limited means who wanted to party. The state was hopeful that changes could be made which would attract a more upscale demographic.Goa stands 6th in the Top 10 Nightlife cities in the world in National Geographic Travel. Notable nightclubs in Goa include Chronicle, Mambos and Sinq. One of the biggest tourist attractions in Goa is water sports. Beaches like Baga and Calangute offer jet-skiing, parasailing, banana boat rides, water scooter rides, and more. Patnem beach in Palolem stood third in CNN Travel's Top 20 Beaches in Asia.Over 450 years of Portuguese rule and the influence of the Portuguese culture presents to visitors to Goa a cultural environment that is not found elsewhere in India. Goa is often described as a fusion between Eastern and Western culture with Portuguese culture having a dominant position in the state be it in its architectural, cultural or social settings. The state of Goa is famous for its excellent beaches, churches, and temples. The Bom Jesus Cathedral, Fort Aguada and a new wax museum on Indian history, culture and heritage in Old Goa are other tourism destinations. | Goa Tourism |
LOC Fort Gaspar Dias, LOC Church, LOC Dêv Matechi Igorz, PER Vaz, PER Gorb, LOC Batim, LOC Mahalasa Temple, PER Saint, ORG Archdiocese of Goa, PER Jesus, LOC Igorzo, LOC Irmidi, LOC Sancoale. Pilar, LOC Bom Jesus Basilica, LOC Velha Goa, PER Francis Xavier, LOC Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, LOC Shanta Durga Temple, LOC Chapora, LOC Ganxim, LOC Joseph, LOC Goa, LOC Fontainhas, LOC Shri Damodar Temple, LOC Nixkollounk, LOC Velhas Conquistas, LOC Mater Dei, LOC Mother of God, LOC Mormugao, LOC Nanus, PER Padre Agnelo Gustavo de Souza, LOC Santa Monica Convent, LOC Aguada, LOC Mangueshi Temple, LOC Saligao, LOC Old Goa, PER Saint Joseph Vaz, LOC Tiracol, LOC Sanctuary, LOC Panaji, LOC Kopelam, LOC Pilar, LOC Simon, LOC Corjuem, LOC Cabo de Rama, LOC Reis Magos, PER Sombhov Saibinnich Igorz | Goa has one World Heritage Site: the Bom Jesus Basilica with churches and convents of Old Goa. The basilica holds the mortal remains of Francis Xavier, regarded by many Catholics as the patron saint of Goa (the patron of the Archdiocese of Goa is actually Saint Joseph Vaz). These are both Portuguese-era monuments and reflect a strong European character. The relics are taken down for veneration and for public viewing, per the prerogative of the Church in Goa, not every ten or twelve years as popularly thought and propagated. The last exposition was held in 2014.
Goa has the Sanctuary of Saint Joseph Vaz in Sancoale. Pilar monastery which holds novenas of Venerable Padre Agnelo Gustavo de Souza from 10 to 20 November yearly. There is a claimed Marian apparition at the Church of Saints Simon and Jude at Batim, Ganxim, near Pilar, where Goans and non-resident Goans visit. There is the statue of the bleeding Jesus on the Crucifix at the Santa Monica Convent in Velha Goa. There are churches (Igorzo), like the baroque styled Nixkollounk Gorb-Sombhov Saibinnich Igorz (Church of the Our Lady of Immaculate Conception) in Panaji, the Gothic styled Mater Dei (Dêv Matechi Igorz/ Mother of God) church in Saligao and each church having its own style and heritage, besides Kopelam/ Irmidi (chapels).The Velhas Conquistas regions are known for Goa-Portuguese style architecture. There are many forts in Goa such as Tiracol, Chapora, Corjuem, Aguada, Reis Magos, Nanus, Mormugao, Fort Gaspar Dias and Cabo de Rama.In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style architecture still stand, though, in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Fontainhas in Panaji has been declared a cultural quarter, showcasing the life, architecture and culture of Goa. Influences from the Portuguese era are visible in some of Goa's temples, notably the Shanta Durga Temple, the Mangueshi Temple, the Shri Damodar Temple and the Mahalasa Temple. After 1961, many of these were demolished and reconstructed in the indigenous Indian style. | Goa Historic sites and neighbourhoods |
LOC Goa State Museum, LOC Bengaluru, ORG National Institute of Oceanography, ORG NIO, LOC India, LOC Naval Aviation Museum, LOC Calangute, LOC Delhi, LOC Goa, LOC Panaji, LOC Dona Paula, ORG Goa Science Centre, LOC Pilerne Industrial Estate, LOC Miramar | Goa has three important museums: the Goa State Museum, the Naval Aviation Museum and the National Institute of Oceanography. The aviation museum is one of three in India (the others are in Delhi and Bengaluru). The Goa Science Centre is in Miramar, Panaji. The National Institute of Oceanography, India (NIO) is in Dona Paula. Museum of Goa is a privately owned contemporary art gallery in Pilerne Industrial Estate, near Calangute. | Goa Museums and science centre |
LOC Colva Beach, LOC Anjuna Beach, LOC Betul Beach, LOC Miramar Beach, LOC Bambolim Beach, LOC Calangute Beach, LOC Candolim Beach, LOC Goa, LOC Baga Beach, LOC Majorda Beach, LOC Cavelossim Beach, LOC Arabian Sea | Most of the beauty of Goa is present on the beaches. The coastline of about 103 km is blessed with some of the most attractive beaches flanked by the Arabian Sea. The beaches of Goa are counted among the most beautiful in the world. Some of the beaches include Anjuna Beach, Baga Beach, Bambolim Beach, Betul Beach, Calangute Beach, Candolim Beach, Cavelossim Beach, Colva Beach, Majorda Beach and Miramar Beach. | Goa Beaches |
LOC Goa, LOC india | Goa is one of the best destination in india for its tourism. Water sports are organized on its magnificent beach. Adventure sports like parasailing, jet skiing, banana riding, kayaking, rafting, snorkeling, surfing, and Bungee Jumping make Goa an exciting experience. Scuba diving is one of the best experiences. | Goa Water Sports |
ORG Government of, LOC Goa, LOC State, PER Ghode Modni | Having been a Portuguese territory for over 450 years, Goan culture is an amalgamation of both Eastern and Western styles, with the latter having a more dominant role. The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, and Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. European royal attire of kings is as much part of Goa's cultural heritage as are regional dances performed depicting a unique blend of different religions and cultures of this State. Prominent local festivals are Christmas, Easter, Carnival, Diwali, Shigmo, Chavoth, Samvatsar Padvo, Dasara etc. The Goan Carnival and Christmas-new year celebrations attract many tourists.The Gomant Vibhushan Award, the highest civilian honour of the state of Goa, is given annually by the Government of Goa since 2010. | Goa Culture |
PER Jitendra Abhisheki, LOC Teatro, PER Pandit Prabhakar Karekar, LOC Goa, PER Mogubai Kurdikar, PER Kesarbai Kerkar, PER Kishori Amonkar | Traditional Goan art forms are Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Mando, Dulpod and Fado. Goan Catholics are fond of social gatherings and Tiatr (Teatro). As part of its Portuguese history, music is an integral part of Goan homes. It is often said that "Goans are born with music and sport". Western musical instruments like the piano, guitars and violins are widely used in most religious and social functions of the Catholics.Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, Bhajan and Kirtan. Many famous Indian classical singers hail from Goa, including Mogubai Kurdikar, Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar. | Goa Dance and music |
LOC Kala Academy, PER Gharasher, PER Parpati, ORG Gauda, ORG Tiatr, PER Nikhandar, ORG Ravindra Bhavan, LOC Margao, ORG Tiatrs, LOC Goa, LOC Panaji, LOC Pai Tiatrist Hall, ORG Teatro, LOC Ravindra Bhavan | Natak, Tiatr (most popular) and Jagor are the chief forms of Goa's traditional performance arts. Other forms are Ranmale, Dashavatari, Kalo, Goulankala, Lalit, Kala and Rathkala. Stories from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata along with more modern social subjects are narrated with song and dance."Jagor", the traditional folk dance-drama, is performed by the Hindu Kunbi and Christian Gauda community of Goa, to seek the Divine Grace for protection and prosperity of the crop. The literal meaning of Jagor is "jagran" or wakeful nights. The strong belief is that the night-long performance awakens the deities once a year and they continue to remain awake throughout the year guarding the village.Perni Jagor is the ancient mask dance – drama of Goa, performed by Perni families, using well crafted and painted wooden masks, depicting various animals, birds, super natural power, deities, demons, and social characters.Gauda Jagor is an impression of social life, that displays all the existing moods and modes of human characters. It is predominantly based on three main characters, Gharasher, Nikhandar, and Parpati wearing shining dresses and headgears. The performance is accompanied by vibrant tunes of Goan folk instruments like Nagara/Dobe, Ghumat, Madale, and Kansale.In some places, Jagor performances are held with the participation of both Hindus and the Christian community, whereby, characters are played by Hindus and musical support is provided by Christian artistes.Tiatr (Teatro) and its artists play a major role in keeping the Konkani language and music alive. Tiatrs are conducted solely in the Roman script of Konkani as it is primarily a Christian community-based act. They are played in scenes with music at regular intervals, the scenes are portrayals of daily life and are known to depict social and cultural scenarios. Tiatrs are regularly held especially on weekends mainly at Kala Academy, Panaji, Pai Tiatrist Hall at Ravindra Bhavan, Margao and most recent shows have also started at the new Ravindra Bhavan, Baina, Vasco. Western Musical Instruments such as Drums, Bass, Keyboards, and Trumpets. are part of the show and most of them are played acoustically. It is one of Goa's few art forms that is renowned across the world with performances popular among Goans in the Middle-East, Americas and Europe. | Goa Theatre |
PER Mog ani Moipas, PER Milroy Goes, PER Bhuierantlo Munis, PER Padri, PER KJ Dhananjaya, LOC Maharashtra, PER Kasargod Chinna, LOC Goa, LOC Karnataka, PER Amchem Noxib, PER A. L. Jerry Braganza, PER Sukhachem, PER Rajendra Talak, PER Mhoji Ghorkarn, PER Jivit Amchem Oxem, PER Kortubancho Sonvsar, PER Suzanne, LOC Kerala, PER Bhogsonne, PER Anuradha Padiyar, ORG ETICA Pictures, PER Mogacho, LOC Nirmonn, PER Boglantt, LOC Mapusa | Konkani cinema is an Indian film industry, where films are made in the Konkani language, which is spoken mainly in the Indian states of Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka and to a smaller extent in Kerala. Konkani films have been produced in Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Kerala.The first full-length Konkani film was Mogacho Anvddo, released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by A. L.Jerry Braganza, a native of Mapusa, under the banner of ETICA Pictures. Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day. Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the International Film Festival of India moved its permanent venue to Goa, it is annually held in the months of November and December. Konkani film Paltadcho manis has been included in the world's best films of 2009 list.Konkani films are eligible for the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Konkani. The most commercially successful Konkani film, as of June 2011, is O Maria directed by Rajendra Talak. In 2012, the whole new change was adopted in Konkani Cinema by introducing Digital Theatrical Film The Victim directed by Milroy Goes. Some old Konkani films are Sukhachem Sopon, Amchem Noxib, Nirmonn, Mhoji Ghorkarn, Kortubancho Sonvsar, Jivit Amchem Oxem, Mog ani Moipas, Bhuierantlo Munis, Suzanne, Boglantt, Padri and Bhogsonne. Ujwadu is a 2011 Konkani film directed by Kasargod Chinna and produced by KJ Dhananjaya and Anuradha Padiyar. | Goa Konkani cinema |
LOC Goa | Rice with fish curry (xit koddi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Goan cuisine is famous for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. Coconut and coconut oil are widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices, and vinegar, used in the Catholic cuisine, giving the food a unique flavor. Goan cuisine is heavily influenced by Portuguese cuisine.Goan food may be divided into Goan Catholic and Goan Hindu cuisine with each showing very distinct tastes, characteristics, and cooking styles. Pork dishes such as Vindalho, Xacuti, chouriço, and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Goan Catholics. A mixed vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special Goan spices that add to the aroma. Sannas, Hitt, are local rice cakes and Polle, Amboli, and Kailoleo are rice pancakes; all are native to Goa. A rich egg-based, multi-layered baked sweet known as bebinca is traditional at Christmas.The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is feni. Cashew feni is made from the double distillation of the fermented fruit juice of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the double distillation of the fermented sap of toddy palms. Urrak is another local liquor prepared from the single distillation of the fermented cashew fruit juice. In fact the bar culture is one of the unique aspects of the Goan villages where a local bar serves as a meeting point for villagers to unwind. Goa also has a rich wine culture due to Portuguese rule. | Goa Food |
LOC Goa, LOC Konkani | The architecture of Goa is a combination of native Goan, Ottoman and Portuguese styles. Since the Portuguese ruled and governed for four centuries, many churches and houses bear a striking element of the Portuguese style of architecture. Goan Hindu houses do not show any Portuguese influence, though the modern temple architecture is an amalgam of original Goan temple style with Dravidian, Hemadpanthi, Islamic, and Portuguese architecture. The original Goan temple architecture fell into disuse as the temples were demolished by the Portuguese and the Sthapati known as Thavayi in Konkani were converted to Christianity though the wooden work and the Kavi murals can still be seen. | Goa Architecture |
ORG Videocon D2H, ORG Vodafone, ORG Lokmat, ORG All India Radio, ORG Goa Today, ORG Big FM, ORG Voice of Xavier ' s, ORG Gyan Vani, LOC Mumbai, ORG Reliance Infocomm, LOC Bangalore, ORG Navprabha, ORG Tarun Bharat, ORG Tata DoCoMo, ORG AIR, ORG O Heraldo, ORG FM Rainbow, LOC Goa, ORG The Times of India, ORG Vauraddeancho Ixtt, ORG Bhaangar Bhuin, ORG Planet Goa, ORG Jio, ORG The Navhind Times, ORG Telenor, ORG Goan Observer, ORG Dish TV, ORG Radio Indigo, ORG Goa Times, ORG DD Direct Plus, ORG Idea Cellular, ORG IGNOU, ORG St Xavier ' s College, ORG Sanatan Prabhat, ORG Bharti Airtel, ORG The Gomantak Times, ORG Vodafone Essar, ORG Gomantak, LOC India, ORG The Indian Express, ORG Doordarshan, ORG Vividh Bharati, LOC Panaji, ORG BSNL CellOne, ORG Tata Sky, ORG Govadoot, LOC Mapusa | Goa is served by almost all television channels available in India. Channels are received through cable in most parts of Goa. In the interior regions, channels are received via satellite dishes. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster, has two free terrestrial channels on air.DTH (Direct To Home) TV services are available from Dish TV, Videocon D2H, Tata Sky and DD Direct Plus. The All India Radio is the only radio channel in the state that broadcasts on both FM and AM bands. Two AM channels are broadcast, the primary channel at 1287 kHz and the Vividh Bharati channel at 1539 kHz. AIR's FM channel is called FM Rainbow and is broadcast at 105.4 MHz. A number of private FM radio channels are available, Big FM at 92.7 and Radio Indigo at 91.9 MHz. There is also an educational radio channel, Gyan Vani, run by IGNOU broadcast from Panaji at 107.8 MHz. In 2006, St Xavier's College, Mapusa, became the first college in the state to launch a campus community radio station "Voice of Xavier's".Major cellular service operators include Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Essar, Idea Cellular (merged with Vodafone in 2018), Telenor, Reliance Infocomm, Tata DoCoMo, BSNL CellOne and Jio.Local publications include the English language O Heraldo (Goa's oldest, once a Portuguese language paper), The Gomantak Times and The Navhind Times. In addition to these, The Times of India and The Indian Express are also received from Mumbai and Bangalore in the urban areas. The Times of India has recently started publication from Goa itself, serving the local population news directly from the state capital. Among the list of officially accredited newspapers are O Heraldo, The Navhind Times and The Gomantak Times in English; Bhaangar Bhuin in Konkani (Devanagari script); and Tarun Bharat, Gomantak, Navprabha, Goa Times, Sanatan Prabhat, Govadoot and Lokmat (all in Marathi). All are dailies. Other publications in the state include Planet Goa (English, monthly), Goa Today (English, monthly), Goan Observer (English, weekly), Vauraddeancho Ixtt (Roman-script Konkani, weekly) Goa Messenger, Vasco Watch, Gulab (Konkani, monthly), Bimb (Devanagari-script Konkani).One electronic mailing list that is based in Goa is Goanet. | Goa Media and communication |
PER William Robert Lyons, ORG Goa Football Association, ORG Dempo, LOC Brazil, PER Dilip Sardesai, PER Suyash Prabhudessai, ORG Goa Professional League, ORG Community of Portuguese Language Countries, ORG FC Goa, ORG Sporting, LOC Margao, LOC Goa, ORG Vasco, PER Bruno Coutinho, ORG Sporting Clube de Goa, LOC West Bengal, PER Roberto Fernandes, ORG CPLP, PER Samir Naik, PER Ronaldo, LOC Fatorda Stadium, PER Mauricio Afonso, PER Neymar, LOC Portugal, LOC Kerala, PER Shikha Pandey, ORG Churchill Brothers, ORG Royal Challengers Bangalore, LOC India, ORG Associação de Futebol de Goa, ORG Salgaocar, ORG Benfica, PER Brahmanand Sankhwalkar, PER Climax Lawrence | Normally other states are fond of cricket but association football is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture as a result of the Portuguese influence Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education". On 22 December 1959 the Associação de Futebol de Goa was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name Goa Football Association. Goa, along with West Bengal and Kerala is the locus of football in India and is home to many football clubs in the national I-League. The state's football powerhouses include Salgaocar, Dempo, Churchill Brothers, Vasco, Sporting Clube de Goa and FC Goa. The first Unity World Cup was held in Goa in 2014. The state's main football stadium, Fatorda Stadium, is located at Margao and also hosts cricket matches. The state hosted few matches of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Fatorda Stadium.A number of Goans have represented India in football and six of them, namely Samir Naik, Climax Lawrence, Brahmanand Sankhwalkar, Bruno Coutinho, Mauricio Afonso and Roberto Fernandes have all captained the national team. Goa has its own state football team and league, the Goa Professional League. It is probably the only state in India where cricket is not considered the most important of all sports. Goan's are avid football fans, particularly of the football teams from Portugal (Benfica, Sporting), and Brazil especially during major football events such as the 'European Cup' and the 'World Cup' championships. The Portuguese footballer Ronaldo and Brazilian Neymar, are revered superstar football players in Goa.Goa also has its own cricket team. Dilip Sardesai and Shikha Pandey remain the only Goans to date to play international cricket for India. Another Goan cricketer, Suyash Prabhudessai was selected by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for a base price of ₹20 lakh in IPL 2021 and for ₹30 lakh in IPL 2022.India (Goa) is a member of the 'Lusophony Olympic Games' which are hosted every four years in one of the Portuguese CPLP member countries, with 733 athletes from 11 countries. Most of the countries competing are countries that are members of the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Language Countries), but some are countries with significant Portuguese communities or have a history with Portugal. This event is similar in concept to the Commonwealth Games (for members of the Commonwealth of Nations) and the Jeux de la Francophonie (for the Francophone community). | Goa Sports |
ORG Goa Medical College, ORG St Paul ' s, ORG Saint Paul ' s College, LOC Nova, PER Francis Xavier, ORG Escola Médico - Cirúrgica, LOC Margao, LOC Goa, LOC Royal, ORG The Times of India, ORG The King ' s School, LOC São José de Areal, LOC Hospital, ORG Higher Secondary, ORG Loyola High School, ORG Saint, ORG Medical - Surgical School, ORG Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education, ORG and Military, LOC City, LOC Old Goa, LOC India, ORG Sharada Mandir School, ORG Goa University, LOC Miramar, LOC Asia | Goa had India's earliest educational institutions built with European support. The Portuguese set up seminaries for religious education and parish schools for elementary education. Founded circa 1542 by Saint Francis Xavier, Saint Paul's College, Goa was a Jesuit school in Old Goa, which later became a college. St Paul's was once the main Jesuit institution in the whole of Asia. It housed the first printing press in India and published the first books in 1556.Medical education began in 1801 with the offering of regular medical courses at the Royal and Military Hospital in the old City of Goa. Built-in 1842 as the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de (Nova) Goa (Medical-Surgical School of Goa), Goa Medical College is one of Asia's oldest medical colleges and has one of the oldest medical libraries (since 1845). It houses the largest hospital in Goa and continues to provide medical training to this day.According to the 2011 census, Goa has a literacy rate of 87%, with 90% of males and 84% of females being literate. Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. Private schools are preferred over government-run schools. All schools come under the Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education, whose syllabus is prescribed by the state education department. There are also a few schools that subscribe to the all-India ICSE syllabus or the NIOS syllabus. Most students in Goa complete their high school with English as the medium of instruction. Most primary schools, however, use Konkani and Marathi (in private, but government-aided schools). As is the case in most of India, enrolment for vernacular media has seen a fall in numbers in favor of English medium education. Per a report published in The Times of India, 84% of Goan primary schools were run without an administrative head.Some notable schools in Goa include Sharada Mandir School in Miramar, Loyola High School in Margao and The King's School in São José de Areal. After ten years of schooling, students join a Higher Secondary school, which offers courses in popular streams such as Science, Arts, Law, and Commerce. A student may also opt for a course in vocational studies. Additionally, they may join three-year diploma courses. Two years of college is followed by a professional degree programme. Goa University, the sole university in Goa, is located in Taleigão and most Goan colleges are affiliated with it.There are six engineering colleges in the state. Goa Engineering College and National Institute of Technology Goa are government-funded colleges whereas the private engineering colleges include Don Bosco College of Engineering at Fatorda, Shree Rayeshwar Institute of Engineering and Information Technology at Shiroda, Agnel Institute of Technology, and Design (AITD), Assagao, Bardez and Padre Conceicao College of Engineering at Verna. In 2004, BITS Pilani one of the premier institutes in India, inaugurated its second campus, the BITS Pilani Goa Campus, at Zuarinagar near Dabolim. The Indian Institute of Technology Goa (IIT Goa) began functioning from its temporary campus, located in Goa Engineering College since 2016. The site for permanent campus was finalised in Cotarli, Sanguem.There are colleges offering pharmacy, architecture and dentistry along with numerous private colleges offering law, arts, commerce and science. There are also two National Oceanographic Science related centres: the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research in Vasco da Gama and the National Institute of Oceanography in Dona Paula. Goa Institute of Management located at Sanquelim, near Panaji is one of India's premier business schools. In addition to the engineering colleges, there are government polytechnic institutions in Panaji, Bicholim and Curchorem, and aided institutions like Father Agnel Polytechnic in Verna and the Institute of Shipbuilding Technology in Vasco da Gama which impart technical and vocational training.Other colleges in Goa include Shri Damodar College of Commerce and Economics, V.V.M's R.M. Salgaocar Higher Secondary School in Margao, G.V.M's S.N.J.A higher secondary school, Don Bosco College, D.M.'s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, St Xavier's College, Carmel College, The Parvatibai Chowgule College, Dhempe College, Damodar College, M. E. S. College of Arts & Commerce, S. S. Samiti's Higher Secondary School of Science and Rosary College of Commerce & Arts. As the result of renewed interest in the Portuguese language and culture, Portuguese at all levels of instruction is offered in many schools in Goa, largely private ones. In some cases, Goan students do student exchange programs in Portugal. | Goa Education |
ORG Qatar Airways, LOC Goa International Airport, LOC Muscat, LOC Mopa, LOC Naval airfield, ORG SpiceJet, ORG Oman Air, LOC Vasco da Gama, LOC Middle East, LOC Dabolim, LOC Dubai, LOC Kuwait, LOC Sharjah, LOC Goa, ORG IndiGo, ORG Air Arabia, ORG Air India, LOC Doha, LOC INS Hansa, LOC New Goa International Airport, ORG GoAir | Goa is served by two international Airports, the Goa International Airport, is a civil enclave at INS Hansa, a Naval airfield located at Dabolim near Vasco da Gama and the New Goa International Airport in Mopa The airport caters to scheduled domestic and international air services, with the new airport starting international operations from March 2023. Goa has scheduled international connections to Doha, Dubai, Muscat, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East by airlines like Air Arabia, Air India, GoAir, IndiGo, Oman Air, SpiceJet and Qatar Airways. Though night operations were not permitted till recently, the military now allows civil airlines to fly during the night. | Goa Air |
LOC Porvorim, LOC Mangalore, LOC Dabolim Airport, LOC Vasco da Gama, LOC Mumbai, LOC NH, LOC Margao, LOC Mormugao Port, LOC Goa, LOC Deccan, LOC Verna, ORG Kadamba Transport Corporation, LOC Kerala, LOC Ponda, LOC NH -, LOC Cortalim, LOC India, LOC Panaji, LOC Belgaum | Goa's public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained by the Kadamba Transport Corporation, link major routes (like the Panaji–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state. The Corporation owns 15 bus stands, 4 depots and one Central workshop at Porvorim and a Head Office at Porvorim. In large towns such as Panaji and Margao, intra-city buses operate. However, public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transportation, usually motorised two-wheelers and small family cars.
Goa has four National Highways passing through it. NH-66 (ex NH-17) runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panaji to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-366 (ex NH-17A) connects NH-66 to Mormugao Port from Cortalim. The new NH-566 (ex NH-17B) is a four-lane highway connecting Mormugao Port to NH-66 at Verna via Dabolim Airport, primarily built to ease pressure on the NH-366 for traffic to Dabolim Airport and Vasco da Gama. NH-768 (ex NH-4A) links Panaji and Ponda to Belgaum and NH-4. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of national highways, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 kilometres (506 miles) of district highway. National Highways in Goa are among the narrowest in the country and will remain so for the foreseeable future, as the state government has received an exemption that allows narrow national highways. In Kerala, highways are 45 metres (148 feet) wide. In other states National Highways are grade separated highways 60 metres (200 feet) wide with a minimum of four lanes, as well as 6 or 8 lane access-controlled expressways.Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws. Another form of transportation in Goa is the motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called "pilots". These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated. Other than buses, "pilots" tend to be the cheapest mode of transport. River crossings in Goa are serviced by flat-bottomed ferry boats, operated by the river navigation department.Goa will get two new expressways in the coming years, which will connect the state and will enhance connectivity and commute with the rest of the country. They are as follows:
Nagpur–Goa Expressway: Proposed, to be completed by 2028/29.
Konkan Expressway: Proposed. | Goa Road |
ORG South Western Railway, LOC Margao, ORG Konkan Railway, LOC Goa, LOC Hubli, LOC Karnataka, LOC Vasco da Gama, LOC Konkan Railway, LOC Belgaum | Goa has two rail lines – one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco da Gama, Goa with Belgaum, Hubli, Karnataka via Margao. The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connecting major cities on the western coast. | Goa Rail |
LOC Kanataka, LOC South Goa, LOC Panaji, LOC Karnataka, LOC Goa, ORG NITI Aayog, LOC Karwar | In 2018, a metro rail was planned by the NITI Aayog, linking the capital city of Panaji. In the future, it would be extended from South Goa till the coastal city of Karwar in Karnataka, close to the Kanataka-Goa border. | Goa Metro |
ORG Mormugao Port Trust, LOC Vasco, LOC Panaji, LOC Goa, LOC Mandovi, ORG Damania Shipping, LOC Mumbai | The Mormugao Port Trust near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal, and international containers. Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland. Panaji, which is on the banks of the Mandovi, has a minor port, which used to handle passengers steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. There was also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s. | Goa Sea |
LOC United States of America, LOC Hawai ' i | Hawai'i, United States of America | Goa Sister states |
PER Gokarna | Gokarna may refer to: | Gokarna Introduction |
LOC Gokarna, LOC India Trincomalee, LOC Sri Lanka, LOC Andhra Pradesh, LOC Chittagong Division, LOC Bangladesh Gokarneshwar, LOC Bangladesh, LOC Eastern Province, LOC Karnataka, LOC India Gokarnamatam, LOC Kathmandu District, LOC Gokanna, LOC West Bengal, LOC India Gokarna, LOC Nepal | Gokarna, Karnataka, a town in Karnataka, India
Gokarna, West Bengal, a village in West Bengal, India
Gokarnamatam, a village in Andhra Pradesh, India
Trincomalee, a city in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka also known in its early history as Gokarna (Sanskrit) or Gokanna (Pali)
Gokarna, Bangladesh, a village in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh
Gokarneshwar, a municipality in Kathmandu District in central Nepal | Gokarna Places |
LOC Gokarnanatheshwara Temple, LOC India, LOC Mangaluru, LOC Gokarna Math, LOC Nepal | Gokarna (film), a 2003 film produced in India
Gokarna Aunsi, a late August or early September celebration in Nepal
Gokarna Math, one of the 24 mathas of the Dvaita order
Gokarnanatheshwara Temple, a temple in Mangaluru, India | Gokarna Other uses |
LOC Jama Masjid, LOC Kalaburagi Fort, ORG High Court of Karnataka, LOC Kalaburagi, LOC Khwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah, LOC Buddha Vihar, LOC Gulbarga, LOC Kalyana, LOC Karnataka, LOC Shor Gumbad, ORG UNESCO, LOC Deccan, LOC Sharana Basaveshwara Temple, PER Bahamani, LOC Mysore State, LOC Haft Gumbaz, LOC North Karnataka, LOC Bangalore | Kalaburagi, formerly known as Gulbarga, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kalaburagi district and is the largest city in the region of North Karnataka (Kalyana-Karnataka). Kalaburagi is 623 km north of the state capital city of Bangalore. It was incorporated into the newly formed Mysore State (now known as Karnataka) through the States Reorganisation Act in 1956.
Kalaburagi city is governed by a Municipal Corporation and is in the Kalaburagi Urban Region. It is called a Sufi city. It has famous religious structures, like the Khwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah, the Sharana Basaveshwara Temple and the Buddha Vihar. It also has a fort built during the Bahmani rule. Other Bahmani monuments include the Haft Gumbaz (seven domes together) and the Shor Gumbad. Kalaburagi has the world's largest cannon. Kalaburagi has a few architectural marvels built during the Bahamani Kingdom rule, including the Jama Masjid in the Kalaburagi Fort. Kalaburagi houses the circuit bench of the High Court of Karnataka. Several buildings in the city were put by UNESCO on its "tentative list" to become a World Heritage Site in 2014, with others in the region, under the name Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate (despite there being several sultanates). | Gulbarga Introduction |
LOC Bidar, LOC Delhi Sultanate, LOC Bijapur, LOC Delhi, LOC Warangal, PER Ala - ud - Din Bahman Shah, PER Nizam - ul - Mulk, LOC Devagiri, LOC Hasanabad, LOC Kakatiya, LOC Deccan, LOC Hyderabad, ORG Hoysalas, PER Aurangzeb, ORG Yadavas, LOC Mughal Empire, LOC Raichur, LOC Bahmani Sultanate, ORG Indian Union, LOC Andhra Pradesh, LOC Kalaburagi, LOC Dwarasamadra, LOC Golconda, ORG Rashtrakutas, LOC Hyderabad State, ORG Kalachuris, LOC Mysore State, PER Asaf Jah I, LOC Kalyani, ORG Kakatiya, LOC Berar, LOC Ahmednagar, LOC Gulbarga, ORG Chalukyas, PER Kalyani Kalachuris | The history of Kalaburagi dates to the sixth century. The Rashtrakutas gained control over the region, but the Chalukyas regained their domain within a short period and reigned supreme for over 200 years. The Kalyani Kalachuris who succeeded them ruled until the 12th century. Around the end of the 12th century, the Yadavas of Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Dwarasamadra destroyed the supremacy of the Chalukyas and Kalachuris of Kalyani. Around the same period, the Kakatiya kings of Warangal came into prominence and the present Kalaburagi and Raichur districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1308 AD and the entire Deccan, including the district of Kalaburagi, passed under the control of the Delhi Sultanate.
The revolt of the officers appointed from Delhi resulted in the founding of the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 CE by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, who chose Kalaburagi (Hasanabad) to be the capital. When the Bahmani Sultanate came to an end in 1527, the kingdom broke up into five independent Deccan sultanates, Bijapur, Bidar, Berar, Ahmednagar, and Golconda. The present Kalaburagi district came partly under the sultanate of Bidar and partly under the sultanate of Bijapur. The last of these sultanates, Golconda, finally fell to Aurangzeb in 1687.
With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Kalaburagi passed under the Mughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I, one of Aurangzeb's generals, formed the kingdom of Hyderabad, in which a major part of the Kalaburagi area was also included. In 1948, Hyderabad State became a part of the Indian Union, and in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh, Kalaburagi district became part of the new Mysore State.
Gulbarga (Urdu) (city of flowers and gardens) was renamed Kalaburagi (Kannada) (Kal-means stone in Kannada, bur means thorns in Kannada the whole name represents "The Land of stones and thorns") effective 1 November 2014. | Gulbarga History |
LOC Krishna, LOC Deccan Plateau, ORG Central University of Karnataka, LOC Kalaburagi, LOC Bhima, ORG Medical and Engineering Colleges, ORG CuK, ORG Upper Krishna Project, LOC Karnataka, LOC Åland Taluk, LOC Kadaganchi | The entire district is on the Deccan Plateau, and the elevation ranges from 300 to 750 m above MSL. Two main rivers, the Krishna and Bhima, flow through the district. The predominant soil type is black soil. The district has many tanks, which irrigate the land along with the river. The Upper Krishna Project is a major irrigation venture in the district of Kalaburagi. The main crops are groundnuts, rice, and pulses. Kalaburagi is the largest producer of toor dal, or pigeon peas, in Karnataka. Kalaburagi is an industrially backward district but is showing signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries. Kalaburagi has a university with Medical and Engineering Colleges. Central University of Karnataka (CuK) is located in Kadaganchi, Åland Taluk of Kalaburagi. The geographical area of the city is 64 square kilometres. | Gulbarga Geography |
LOC Kalaburagi | Kalaburagi has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) bordering on a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw). The climate of the district is generally dry, with temperatures ranging from 8 °C to 45 °C and an annual rainfall of about 750 mm. The year in Kalaburagi is divided into three main seasons. The summer lasts from late February to May. It is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts from late June to late October. This is then followed by dry winter weather from late November until February. | Gulbarga Climate |
LOC Kalaburagi | As of the 2011 Indian census, Kalaburagi city has a population of 533,587. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kalaburagi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, while that of females is 30%. In Kalaburagi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
At the time of the 2011 census, 55.04% of the population spoke Kannada, 35.78% Urdu, 3.56% Marathi, 2.37% Hindi, 1.20% Telugu and 1.14% Lambadi as their first language. | Gulbarga Demographics |
LOC South, PER Dharam Singh, ORG Indian National Congress, PER Kharge, LOC North, LOC Kalaburagi Lok Sabha, PER Mallikarjun Kharge, LOC Karnataka, PER Dattatraya C. Patil Revoor, ORG Bharatiya Janata Party, ORG Rajya Sabha, LOC Kalaburagi, PER Veerendra Patil, PER Kaneez Fatima, PER Umesh. G. Jadhav, LOC Kalaburagi Uttar, LOC Gulbarga, ORG BJP, LOC Kalaburagi Dakshin | Kalaburagi has been home to two ex-chief ministers of Karnataka, namely Veerendra Patil (1968–1971, 1988–1992) and Dharam Singh (2004–2006); both belonged to the Indian National Congress party.
Kalaburagi comes under Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency. Umesh. G. Jadhav from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is the Member of Parliament (MP) since 2019. Mallikarjun Kharge (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician, who is the current president of the Indian National Congress, and Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 16 February 2021. He was also Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 16 February 2021 to 1 October 2022. He was the Former Minister of Railways and Minister of Labour and Employment in the Government of India. Kharge was a Member of Parliament for Gulbarga, Karnataka from 2009 to 2019.Kalaburagi city has two Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Kalaburagi Uttar (North) and Kalaburagi Dakshin (South). Both are part of the Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency. The MLA for Kalaburagi Uttar is Kaneez Fatima from Indian National Congress, while the MLA for Kalaburagi Dakshin is Dattatraya C. Patil Revoor from the Bharatiya Janata Party. | Gulbarga Government and politics |
LOC Jama Masjid, LOC Kalaburagi, PER Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni, PER Firuz Shah Bahmani, LOC Karnataka, PER Barid Shahi, LOC Shore Gumbad, PER Rafi, PER Mohammed Shah I, PER Adil Shahi, PER Sufi, PER Bahmani | The largest collection of Islamic art is seen at the domed ceiling and walls are adorned with paintings containing calligraphy designs and floral, flower and plants and geometric patterns inside the 14th-century tomb of Sufi saint Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni with natural colours. By religious restrictions, the artist was prohibited from depicting living beings in the interior of tomb, and his imagination was therefore employed either in inventing new designs for religious texts or in adding further delicacy and subtleness to the geometric and floral devices by making the drawings more and more intricate. A small tomb beside the said Sufi's has an excellent work of painted flower plants on the ceiling. Another vacant Shore Gumbad outside the city has delicate designs on its domed ceiling is superb.The walls and ceiling of the tomb of Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani can be appreciated which, although monotone, represents faithfully the creepers and floral patterns, the numerous geometric devices and calligraphic styles. The most notable building, however, of this period is the Jama Masjid of Kalaburagi fort, built by a Persian architect named Rafi in 1367 during the reign of Bahmani King Mohammed Shah I.
The glory of the towns in north Karnataka waned with the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, although Barid Shahi and Adil Shahi Kings kept up its beauty during their chequered rule. It suffers from pollution through nickel and lead.
Royal patronage played an important role in the making of Islamic art, as it has in the arts of other cultures. From the 14th century onwards, especially in eastern lands, the books of art provide the best documentation of courtly patronage. | Gulbarga Art and architecture |
LOC Karnataka, PER Yediyurappa, LOC Kalaburagi | Kalaburagi has its own airport named Kalaburagi airport which was inaugurated by Karnataka CM Yediyurappa on 22 November 2019 and started on the same day. | Gulbarga By Air |
LOC Hyderabad, LOC Solapur, LOC Mumbai, LOC Kalaburagi | Kalaburagi has a railway station named Kalaburagi railway station which comes under the Solapur division.
Kalaburagi will soon be a part of high-speed rail corridor running from Mumbai to Hyderabad. | Gulbarga By Rail |
LOC North, LOC Eastern, LOC Sedam, LOC Kalaburagi, ORG NEKRTC, LOC Nrupatunga, LOC Karnataka | Kalaburagi is the headquarter of the NEKRTC bus transport which was founded and started on 15 August 2000 and serves the North-Eastern Districts of Karnataka. It also has Nrupatunga city bus service which serves Kalaburagi urban and Sedam and is operated by NEKRTC itself. | Gulbarga By Road |
ORG Central University of Karnataka, LOC Kalaburagi, ORG Sharnbasva University, ORG Khaja Bandanawaz University, ORG Gulbarga University | The Central University of Karnataka is located in Kalaburagi. The Gulbarga University, Sharnbasva University, and Khaja Bandanawaz University, are the other universities in the city.
== References == | Gulbarga Education |
LOC Gulmarag, LOC Gulmarg, LOC Jammu, LOC Baramulla, LOC Kashmir, LOC Western Himalayas, LOC Kashmiri, LOC Srinagar, LOC Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, LOC Pir Panjal Range | Gulmarg (Urdu pronunciation: [gʊlmərɡ]), known as Gulmarag (Kashmiri pronunciation: [ɡulmarɨɡ]; lit. 'meadow of flowers') in Kashmiri, is a town, hill station, popular tourist destination, popular skiing destination and a notified area committee in the Baramulla district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located at a distance of 31 km (19 mi) from Baramulla and 49 km (30 mi) from Srinagar. The town is situated in the Pir Panjal Range in the Western Himalayas and lies within the boundaries of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary. | Gulmarg Introduction |
LOC Gulmarg, LOC Chak, LOC Khilanmarg, LOC Youmarg, LOC Kashmir, LOC Tangmarg, LOC Sonamarg, PER Yousuf Shah Chak, LOC Nagmarg | Kashmir has many summer retreats suffixed with the word -marg: Sonamarg, Tangmarg, Gulmarg, Khilanmarg, Youmarg, and Nagmarg. Gulmarg is one of the Margs that has historical importance for Kashmiris.
Gulmarg is a compound word or portmanteau of two Persian words Gul and Marg. Gul means flowers and Marg means meadow. So, Gulmarg is a meadow of flowers. The credit for discovering the charms of Gulmarg first time in history has been given to Yousuf Shah Chak, the last Chak ruler who reigned from 1579 to 1586 AD. | Gulmarg Etymology |
PER Aurel Stein, ORG Control, LOC Jammu, LOC Kashmir, ORG UN, LOC Pakistan, LOC Haji Pir, ORG High Altitude Warfare School, PER Yousuf Shah Chak, PER Hari Singh, PER Jahangir, ORG Department of Tourism, LOC Gulmarg, PER Rudolph Matt, LOC India, ORG Government of India, LOC Dogra, LOC Srinagar, PER Habba Khatoon, ORG Indian Army | Yousuf Shah Chak, who ruled Kashmir from 1579 to 1586, frequented the place with his queen Habba Khatoon and renamed it 'Gulmarg' ("meadow of flowers"). Wild flowers of 21 different varieties were collected by the Mughal emperor Jahangir for his gardens in Gulmarg. In the 19th century, British civil servants started using Gulmarg as a retreat to escape summers in North Indian plains. Hunting and golfing were their favorite pastime and three golf courses were established in Gulmarg including one exclusively for women. One of the golf courses survives and at an altitude of 2,650 metres (8,690 ft) is the world's highest golf course. In 1927, British established a ski club in Gulmarg and two annual ski events were hosted one each during Christmas and Easter. Central Asian explorer Aurel Stein also visited Gulmarg during this period.After the end of British rule in India, Gulmarg became a part of the independent princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. Pakistan planned an invasion of the state called Operation Gulmarg. One of the routes used by the invading militia of Pathan tribesmen, armed and supported by Pakistani regular troops, passed through the Haji Pir pass and Gulmarg onto the state capital Srinagar. Gulmarg fell to the invading army, but the Indian army led by the 1 Sikh Regiment, which had been airlifted to Srinagar only after the Dogra ruler of the state Maharaja Hari Singh had signed an Instrument of Accession with India on 26 October 1947, successfully defended the outskirts of Srinagar. Thereafter, Indian counterattacks pushed the tribesmen back and many towns including Gulmarg were recaptured. In 1948, Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg which later became the High Altitude Warfare School of the Indian army specializing in snow–craft and winter warfare. On 1 January 1949, the war ended under UN supervision and a Ceasefire line (CFL), which was rechristened the Line of Control (LOC) by the Shimla Agreement of 1972, came into being close to Gulmarg.After Indian Independence, Indian planners sought to develop a destination for Winter sports in India. The Department of Tourism of the Government of India invited Rudolph Matt, in 1960 to select a suitable location for such purpose. Matt zeroed in on Gulmarg as a suitable location for the development of a winter sports destination in India. In 1968, the Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering was established in Gulmarg to train ski instructors. Over the next decade, Indian planners invested ₹30 million (US$380,000) to transform Gulmarg into a world-class ski destination. Gulmarg became a centre for skiers from Asian nations. In mid-1980s, heli-skiing was introduced in Gulmarg in collaboration with the Swiss skier Sylvain Saudan of Himalaya Heli-Ski Club of France.
In the 1990s, the rise of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir affected tourism in Gulmarg. With the abatement of terrorism in the area, tourism started to recover in late 1990s. Work on the cable car project between Gulmarg and Apharwat Peak, which was commissioned in 1988 by Government of Jammu and Kashmir but was subsequently abandoned due to militancy in 1990, was resumed in 1998. In May 1998, Phase 1 of the project, between Gulmarg and Kongdori, began its commercial operation. In May 2005, Phase 2 of the project was also inaugurated, making it one of the longest and highest ropeways of Asia. The chairlift installed as a part of Phase 3 of the project began its operations in 2011. The National Winter Games were held in Gulmarg in 1998, 2004 and 2008. In 2014, Government of Jammu and Kashmir drafted a Master Plan–2032 for Gulmarg. The plan includes development of a solid-waste treatment plant on 20 acres of land close to Gulmarg. | Gulmarg History |
LOC Gulmarg, LOC Himalayas, LOC Khilanmarg, LOC Nanga Parbat, LOC Harmukh, LOC Apharwat, LOC Srinagar, LOC Pir Panjal Range | Gulmarg lies in a cup-shaped valley in the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas, at an altitude of 2,650 m (8,694 ft), 56 km from Srinagar. The soil in Gulmarg comprises glacial deposits, lacustrine deposits and moraines of Pleistocene age covering shales, limestones, sandstones, schists and other varieties of rocks. The natural meadows of Gulmarg, which are covered with snow in winter, allow the growth of wild flowers such as daisies, forget-me-nots and buttercups during spring and summer. The meadows are interspersed by enclosed parks and small lakes, and surrounded by forests of green pine and fir. Skiing and other winter sports in Gulmarg are carried out on the slopes of Apharwat peak at a height of 4,267 m (13,999 ft). Many points on Apharwat peak and Khilanmarg offer a panoramic view of Nanga Parbat and Harmukh mountains. | Gulmarg Geology and geography |
LOC Gulmarg | Due to its high elevation, Gulmarg has a humid continental climate where the wet winter season sees heavy snowfall, especially for its latitude. Summers are moderate in temperature and length, whereas shoulder seasons are relatively cool. | Gulmarg Climate |
LOC Gulmarg | At the 2011 Indian census, Gulmarg had a total population of 1,965 over 77 households. The male population in the town stood at 1,957 while there were only eight females and no children between the ages of 0 and 6 years. Gulmarg had an average literacy rate of 99.24%, compared to the state average of 67.16%, of which male literacy was 99.23% and female literacy was 100%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes constituted 0.61% and 0.15% of the population respectively. Gulmarg has few permanent residents with most residents being tourists or those involved in the tourism industry. | Gulmarg Demographics |
LOC Mount Apharwat, LOC Gulmarg, LOC India, ORG CNN, LOC Tangmarg, LOC Srinagar, LOC Asia | According to CNN, Gulmarg is the "heartland of winter sports in India" and was rated as Asia's seventh best ski destination. The town is accessible from Srinagar by road via Tangmarg.
The road climbs uphill in the last 12 kilometres to Gulmarg passing through forests of pine and fir. Winter sports like skiing, tobogganing, snowboarding and heli-skiing take place on the slopes of Mount Apharwat reachable by a Gondola lift. | Gulmarg Tourism |
LOC Gulmarg, LOC Mary, LOC Kongdoori, ORG Gulmarg, ORG Pomagalski, LOC Apharwat Peak | Built by the French company Pomagalski, the Gulmarg Gondola is one of the highest in the world reaching 3,979 metres. The two-stage ropeway ferries about 600 people per hour between Gulmarg and a shoulder of nearby Apharwat Peak (4,200 metres (13,800 ft)). The first stage transfers from Gulmarg at 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) to Kongdoori at 3,080 metres (10,100 ft). The second stage which has 36 cabins and 18 towers, takes passengers to a height of 3,950 metres (12,960 ft) on the Apharwat Peak 4,200 metres (13,800 ft). A chair lift system connects Kongdoori with Mary's shoulder for taking skiers to higher altitudes. The high inflow of tourists has had an effect on the fragile eco-system of Gulmarg and activists have demanded tighter regulation to save the environment of the area from over-tourism.
An accident occurred on 15 June 2017 due to an enormous pine tree being uprooted by a gust of wind and breaking the perspex windows on one of the gondola cabins, causing it to swing violently and its seven occupants to fall 100 ft (30 m) to the ground. | Gulmarg Gulmarg Gondola |
LOC Kolahoi Green Heights, LOC Gulmarg | In February 2022, the World's largest igloo cafe was opened in Gulmarg. It was made with a height of 37.5 feet and a diameter of 44.5 feet. Around 40 people can eat there at a time. In 2023, a glass igloo restaurant was developed by Kolahoi Green Heights, a hotel in Gulmarg. | Gulmarg Igloo cafe and Igloo restaurant |
LOC Gulmarg, PER Shiva, LOC Dogra, PER Parvati, LOC Maharani Temple, PER Hari Singh, PER Maharani Mohini Bai Sisodia, LOC Shiv Temple | Maharani Temple (commonly known as Shiv Temple of Gulmarg) was built by a Hindu ruler Maharaja Hari Singh for his wife Maharani Mohini Bai Sisodia who ruled till 1915. This temple was considered as the stately possession of Dogra kings. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and Parvati. This temple is situated on a slight hilltop with greenery. This temple is visible from all corners of Gulmarg. | Gulmarg Maharani Temple |
PER Hari Singh, LOC Palace | The 8700 sq ft Palace was built by Maharaja Hari Singh in early 19th century. | Gulmarg Maharaja Palace at Gulmarg |
LOC Gulmarg, PER Eleanor Hardy Tipping, PER Bruce Bairnsfather, LOC Shepherds, LOC St Mary ' s Church, ORG St Mary ' s, ORG Diocese of Amritsar, ORG Church Of North India, PER Buckwell, PER T. D. Bairnsfather | The St Mary's Church is located in the valley of Shepherds in Gulmarg.
It was built in 1902, during the period of British rule, and was constructed in a British style. Made of grey brick with a green roof and decorated wooden interior walls, it has been described as a "Victorian architectural wonder".
In 1920 the church saw the wedding of the brother of Bruce Bairnsfather; Miss Eleanor Hardy Tipping married Capt. T. D. Bairnsfather, with newspapers describing the church as "very prettily decorated" and with the service conducted by Rev Canon Buckwell in the presence of both organ and a full choir.St Mary's was closed for years but was renovated and reopened in 2003, holding its first Christmas service there for 14 years. The church belongs to the Diocese of Amritsar, Church Of North India. | Gulmarg St Mary's Church |
ORG Indian Army, LOC Gulmarg, ORG High Altitude Warfare School | In 1948, the Indian Army established a ski school in Gulmarg that later became the High Altitude Warfare School, which specializes in snow–craft and winter warfare. It is located in an area which is prone to avalanches. | Gulmarg High Altitude Warfare School |
LOC Gulmarg, LOC Jammu, LOC Kashmir, ORG Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, ORG Jammu and Kashmir Sports Council | The first-ever Khelo India Winter Games were held from 7 March at Gulmarg in Jammu and Kashmir. Around 955 participants took part in the 5-day event. Organised by Jammu and Kashmir Sports Council in collaboration Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the Games included various sports disciplines at the ski resort of Gulmarg in north Kashmir from 7 to 11 March. | Gulmarg Gulmarg Winter Games 2020 |
LOC Gulmarg, PER Neville Chamberlain, LOC India, LOC Gulmarg Golf Club, PER Nedou | Situated at an altitude of 2,650 m, it is the highest green golf course in the world. The historic Gulmarg Golf Club was started in 1911 by the British who used the place as a holiday resort. The origin of Gulmarg as the golfing centre of India goes back to the late 19th century when a 6-hole course was made in 1890-91 by Colonel Neville Chamberlain. The first golf championship was played at Gulmarg in 1922. The Nedou's Cup was introduced in 1929. | Gulmarg Golf course |
ORG Gulmarg Avalanche Center, LOC Gulmarg, PER Brian Newman | In 2008 an American avalanche forecaster named Brian Newman began an NPO named Gulmarg Avalanche Center. The purpose of this organization was to dispense daily avalanche risk bulletins to visitors entering the unmanaged backcountry surrounding the Gulmarg ski area. The centre provides avalanche education including a free weekly avalanche awareness talk during the winter season. | Gulmarg Avalanche information center |
An annual three-day Gulmarg Winter Festival is held in March. Budding artists in the fields of music, films and photography are given an opportunity to showcase their work during the festival. | Gulmarg Events | |
LOC Gulmarg | Gulmarg has been the shooting location many Bollywood films like Bobby, Aap Ki Kasam, Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, Highway, Phantom, Haider, etc. | Gulmarg Gulmarg in Bollywood |
LOC Basistha Temple, LOC Assam, LOC Sukreswar Temple, LOC Bhubaneswari Temple, LOC Asvakranta Temple, LOC Gateway, LOC Brahmaputra, LOC Shree Ganesh Mandir, LOC Noonmati, ORG Greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area, LOC Narengi, LOC Ugratara Temple, LOC Kamarupa, ORG Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority, LOC North Guwahati, LOC Umananda Temple, LOC Aswaklanta Temple, LOC Doul Govinda Temple, LOC Lankeshwar Temple, LOC Brahmaputra River, LOC North East India, LOC Northeast India, LOC Kamakhya Temple, LOC Madan Kamdev, LOC Navagraha Temple, LOC Dispur, LOC Rudreswar Temple, ORG Government of Assam, ORG GMDA, LOC Guwahati, LOC India, LOC Durjaya, LOC Dirgheshwari Temple, LOC Shillong, LOC Gauhati, LOC Shree Panchayatana Temple, ORG LGB International Airport, LOC Manikarneswar Temple, LOC Pragjyotishpura, ORG Guwahati Municipal Corporation | Guwahati (, Assamese: [guwaɦati]; formerly rendered Gauhati, ) is the biggest city of the Indian state of Assam and also the largest metropolis in northeastern India. Dispur, the capital of Assam, is in the circuit city region located within Guwahati and is the seat of the Government of Assam. A major riverine port city along with hills, and one of the fastest growing cities in India, Guwahati is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra. It is called the ''Gateway to North East India''.The ancient cities of Pragjyotishpura and Durjaya (North Guwahati) were the capitals of the ancient state of Kamarupa.
Many ancient Hindu temples like the Kamakhya Temple, Ugratara Temple, Basistha Temple, Doul Govinda Temple, Umananda Temple, Navagraha Temple, Sukreswar Temple, Rudreswar Temple, Manikarneswar Temple, Aswaklanta Temple, Dirgheshwari Temple, Asvakranta Temple, Lankeshwar Temple, Bhubaneswari Temple, Shree Ganesh Mandir, Shree Panchayatana Temple, Noonmati, and the like, are situated in the city, giving it the title of "The City of Temples".Guwahati lies between the banks of the Brahmaputra River and the foothills of the Shillong plateau, with LGB International Airport to the west and the town of Narengi to the east. The North Guwahati area, to the northern bank of the Brahmaputra, is being gradually incorporated into the city limits. The noted Madan Kamdev is situated 30 kilometres (19 miles) from Guwahati. The Guwahati Municipal Corporation, the city's local government, administers an area of 216 square kilometres (83 sq mi),. At the same time, the Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is the planning and development body of Greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area. Guwahati is the largest city in Northeast India.The Guwahati region hosts diverse wildlife including rare animals such as Asian elephants, pythons, tigers, rhinoceros, gaurs, primate species, and endangered birds. | Guwahati Introduction |
LOC Guwahati, LOC Guva | Guwahati derives its name from the Assamese word "Guva" derived from the Sanskrit word Guvaka, meaning areca nut and its plant and "Hati" meaning rows, the rows of areca nut trees. | Guwahati Etymology |
PER Duryodhan, LOC Chitrachal Hill, PER Xuanzang, PER Hiuen Tsang, PER Bhanumati, LOC Basistha, LOC Kamarupa, LOC Yogini Tantra, LOC Kamrup, PER Bhagadatta, PER Bhaskaravarman, LOC Navagraha, LOC Nilachal, LOC Guwahati, LOC Ambari, LOC Shakti, PER Kamakhya, LOC Dighalipukhuri, ORG Cotton College | Epigraphic sources place the capital of Kamarupa kingdom in Guwahati. The 10th-12th century Kalika Purana mention that Kamrup was inhabited by strong Kirata people. As per the legends constructed in the Yogini Tantra, the tank Dighalipukhuri located in the heart of the city was dug by King Bhagadatta of Kamrup on the occasion of the wedding of his daughter Bhanumati with Duryodhan. Located within Guwahati is the Shakti temple of Goddess Kamakhya in Nilachal hill (an important seat of Tantric and Vajrayana Buddhism), the ancient and unique astrological temple Navagraha in Chitrachal Hill, and archaeological remains in Basistha and other archaeological locations of mythological importance.
The Ambari excavations trace the period of the city of Guwahati between the 2nd century BCE and the 1st century CE, in the Shunga-Kushana period of Indian history. Descriptions by Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) reveal that during the reign of the Varman king Bhaskaravarman (7th century CE), the city stretched for about 30 li (15 km or 9.3 mi). Archaeological evidence by excavations in Ambari, and excavated brick walls and houses discovered during construction of the present Cotton College's auditorium suggest the city was of economic and strategic importance until the 9th–11th century CE. | Guwahati Ancient history |
LOC Kamakhya, LOC Assam, LOC Bharalu, LOC Aswakranta, PER Ahom, LOC Umananda, LOC GUwahati, PER Bakhtiyar Khalji, LOC Vasisthasram, LOC Dopdar, LOC Kamrup, PER Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, LOC Dirgheswari, PER Gadadhar Singha, ORG Borphukan, PER Borphukan, PER Majindar Baruah, PER Raja Prithu, LOC Guwahati, LOC Fancy Bazaar, LOC Sukreswar, LOC Dighalipukhuri | Forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji suffered a disastrous defeat in the hands of Raja Prithu in Kamrup during Tibetan expedition. The entire army of Bakhtiyar Khalji was defeated by native forces, which forced him to retreat.For short periods Guwahati was a Mughal station at the time of their occupation of Kamrup (1633-59, 1662-69, 1679-
81 A.D.). After Battle of itakhuli, Guwahati permanently came under the seat of the Borphukan, the civil-military authority of the Lower Assam region appointed by the Ahom kings. The Borphukan's residence was in the present Fancy Bazaar area, and his council-hall, called Dopdar, was about 300 yards (270 m) to the west of the Bharalu stream. The Majindar Baruah, the personal secretary of the Borphukan, had his residence in the present-day deputy commissioner's residence.From the time of
Gadadhar Singha the ahom kings paid their attention to building several temples
in various religious sites at GUwahati: Kamakhya, Aswakranta, Sukreswar, Umananda, Dirgheswari, Vasisthasram and adorned its different entry passes with masonry gates.
The Mughals invaded Assam seventeen times but were defeated by the Ahoms in the Battle of Itakhuli and the Battle of Saraighat in outskirts of Guwahati.There was an ancient boatyard in Dighalipukhuri, probably used by the Ahoms in medieval times.Medieval constructions include temples, ramparts, and other structures in the city. | Guwahati Medieval history |
PER Ahom, LOC Guwahati, LOC Assam, LOC Shillong, LOC Khasi | During the 17th century Guwahati was taken and retaken by Muslims and Ahoms eight times in fifty years, but in 1681 it became the residence of the Ahom governor of lower Assam, and in 1786 the capital of the Ahom raja. On the cession of Assam to the British in 1826 it was made the seat of the British administration of Assam, and so continued till 1874, when the headquarters were removed to Shillong in the Khasi hills. | Guwahati Colonial history |
LOC Guwahati, LOC Meghalaya, LOC India, LOC Assam, LOC Shillong, LOC Northeast India, ORG High Court of Assam, LOC Province of Assam, LOC Dispur, LOC Saraighat Bridge, ORG Gauhati High Court, PER Mountbatten, PER R. F. Lodge, ORG Hindustan Construction Company | The Gauhati High Court (formerly known as the High Court of Assam) was promulgated on 1 March 1948 by the then Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, in accordance with the Government of India Act 1935. It became effective on 5 April 1948 and was initially established for the Province of Assam. R.F. Lodge was the inaugural Chief Justice of the Gauhati High Court, taking office on 5 April 1948.The Saraighat Bridge, notable for its role in connecting Northeast India with the rest of the country, was constructed between 1959 and 1962 by the Hindustan Construction Company at a cost of approximately Rs 10.6 crore at the time. It was completed in September 1962, and the first engine crossed it on 23 September 1962.In 1972, due to separation of Meghalaya from Assam, the capital of Assam was moved to Dispur, a neighbourhood in Guwahati from the erstwhile capital of Shillong. | Guwahati Modern history |
LOC Shillong, LOC Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary, LOC Bharalu River, LOC Dipor Bil, LOC Brahmaputra | The Brahmaputra river flows to the north of the metropolis. The city is bordered on the south by the foothills of the Shillong plateau and to the east by the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary. The Bharalu River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows right through the heart of the city. To the south-west of the city lies Dipor Bil, a permanent freshwater lake with no prominent inflows apart from monsoon run-off from the hills to the south of the lake. The lake drains into the Brahmaputra, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the north, and acts as a natural stormwater reservoir for the city. There are also multiple hills within the city limits. | Guwahati Geography |
LOC GS Road, LOC Kamakhya, LOC GS ) Road, LOC Assam, LOC Noumile, LOC Nilachal Hill, LOC Noonmati, LOC VIP Road, LOC Narengi, ORG Northeast Frontier Railways, LOC Paltan Bazaar, LOC Panjabari, LOC LGB International Airport, ORG Guwahati Refinery, LOC North Guwahati, LOC Beltola, LOC Pan Bazaar, LOC Jalukbari, LOC Dispur, LOC Zoo Road, LOC Guwahati - Shillong, LOC Six Mile, LOC Guwahati, LOC Pandu, LOC Maligaon, LOC Ganeshguri, LOC Gauhati University, LOC India, LOC Fancy Bazaar, LOC Uzan Bazaar, LOC Hatigaon, LOC Saraighat Bridge | Guwahati's 'urban form' radiates from a central core with growth corridors radiating and extending towards the south, east, and west. In the past few decades, southern Guwahati areas such as Ganeshguri, Beltola, Hatigaon, Six Mile, and Panjabari began forming a southern sub-center surrounding the capital complex at Dispur. The core area consists of the old city with Pan Bazaar, Paltan Bazaar, Fancy Bazaar and Uzan Bazaar, with each area facilitating unique urban activities.Among the city corridors, the most important is the corridor formed along the Guwahati-Shillong (GS) Road towards the south (almost 15 km [9.3 mi] from the city-center). The GS Road corridor is an important commercial area with retail, wholesale and commercial offices developed along the main road; it is also a densely built residential area in the inner parts. The capital complex of Assam at Dispur is situated in this corridor. This corridor has facilitated the growth of a southern city sub-center at Ganeshguri, along with other residential areas to the south developed during the past few decades.The corridor extending towards the west (around 30 km [19 mi] from the city center) contains a rail-road linking not only Guwahati but also other parts of the northeastern region east of Guwahati to western Assam and the rest of India. The corridor links residential and historically important areas such as Nilachal Hill (Kamakhya), Pandu, and Maligaon (headquarters of Northeast Frontier Railways) before it separates into two – one towards North Guwahati via the Saraighat Bridge and the other continuing west towards LGB International Airport via Gauhati University (Jalukbari). There are also many river ports/jetties along this corridor.The third major corridor extends towards the east (around 15 km [9.3 mi] from the city-center) linking Noonmati (Guwahati Refinery) and Narengi, and has facilitated residential growth along with it. Highway NH-37, which encircles the city's southern parts and links the southern corridor in Noumile to the western corridor in Jalukbari is currently supporting rapid development. Similarly, the VIP Road linking Zoo Road with the eastern corridor and recently completed Hengerabari-Narengi Road are also supporting massive residential development to the east.Guwahati is one among 98 Indian cities proposed to become Smart Cities under a project embarked on by Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. | Guwahati Urban morphology |
LOC Guwahati | Guwahati has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), falling just short of a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). | Guwahati Climate |
LOC Guwahati, ORG Asian Development Bank, ORG Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, ORG JNNURM, LOC Northeast India | The city has a comparatively high quality of life. A 2006 survey ranked Guwahati 17th among all the large and medium-sized Indian cities. The city provides competitive residential and working environments with beautiful landscapes, pleasant climate, modern shopping areas, modern apartments, and bungalows, and considerably developed social infrastructure. A centrally funded four-lane, ambitious East-West Corridor will pass through Guwahati and connect all the state capitals of Northeast India. Completion of the project will boost the vital upliftment of the whole region.
The city still needs attention to improve its infrastructure. Funding from the Asian Development Bank is providing assistance to improve Guwahati's transportation infrastructure along with a substantial amount from Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for its development. | Guwahati Infrastructure |
LOC Assam, ORG National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, LOC Guwahati Metropolitan, ORG Assam Legislative Assembly, ORG North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd, ORG Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority, LOC Gauhati West, LOC Meghalaya, ORG Secretariat of Assam Government, ORG GTAC, ORG Assam Assembly House, LOC Jalukbari, ORG NEDFi, LOC Dispur, ORG Government of Assam, LOC Gauhati East, ORG Indian Parliament, ORG GMDA, ORG NABARD, LOC Guwahati, ORG Guwahati Tea Auction Centre, LOC Shillong, LOC Gauhati, ORG Guwahati Municipal Corporation, ORG Office | Dispur, the capital of Assam, lies in Guwahati. The passing of the North Eastern (Reorganization Areas) Act in 1971 by the Indian Parliament accorded Meghalaya the status of a full-fledged state. After the creation of Meghalaya as a separate state, Shillong continued to be the joint capital of both Assam and Meghalaya. However, in 1972, the Government of Assam decided to shift the capital to Dispur. Accordingly, the first sitting of the Budget Session of the Assam Legislative Assembly was held at Dispur on 16 March 1973. Dispur houses the Secretariat of Assam Government, the Assam Assembly House, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Regional Office, the North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi) House and the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC).Guwahati Municipal Corporation is the local body responsible for governing, developing and managing the city. It is divided into 31 municipal wards. Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) is an agency responsible for planning and development of the greater Guwahati Metropolitan Area and for revising the Guwahati Master Plan and Building Bylaws to cover an area of 3,214 square kilometres (1,241 sq mi) by 2025.Guwahati consists of four assembly constituencies: Jalukbari, Dispur, Gauhati East and Gauhati West, all of which are part of Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency). | Guwahati Administration and governance |
LOC Guwahati, LOC West Police District, ORG Assam Police, LOC East Police District, LOC Central Police District | Guwahati is the headquarters of Assam Police.
The city is under the Police Commissionerate of Guwahati headed by the Commissioner of Police, Guwahati. It is divided into three districts: East Police District, Central Police District, and West Police District, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Each police district consists of officers, not below the rank of Assistant Commissioner of Police, functioning as executive magistrates within a said metropolitan area. | Guwahati Police |
LOC Guwahati, LOC Kohima, LOC Aizawl, ORG Kamrup, LOC Nagaland, LOC Shillong, LOC Gauhati, LOC Itanagar, ORG High Court of Assam, ORG Gauhati High Court, LOC Mizoram, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, ORG Court of the District and Sessions Judge | Guwahati is the principal seat of the Gauhati High Court. It acts as the High Court of Assam and also of Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh with their outlying benches of Kohima, Aizawl and Itanagar, respectively. Gauhati High Court came in effect from 5 April 1948. It initially had its sittings at Shillong but was shifted to Gauhati from 14 August 1948.Guwahati also houses the Court of the District and Sessions Judge, Kamrup established in 1920. It is a lower court of the district judiciary having territorial jurisdiction over the greater Guwahati area only. | Guwahati Judiciary |
LOC Guwahati | In recent years, Guwahati has experienced rapid population growth due to migration for education and employment opportunities. This population increase has led to undesirable expansion of the city and has resulted in various collateral problems, such as the rise in the number of slums. It is projected that the population of Guwahati will reach 1.5 million by 2035, up from an estimated 1.1 million in 2020. | Guwahati Increase in population |
LOC Guwahati, LOC Meghalaya, LOC Assam, LOC Barpeta, LOC Uttar Pradesh, LOC Chaygaon, LOC Delhi, LOC Maharashtra, LOC West Bengal, LOC Bihar | One of the economic problems that the citizens of Guwahati have to put up with is the hike in prices of many essentials, chiefly vegetables, poultry, and fish. The prices of these commodities keep escalating at an inordinate rate because of which the buyers find it difficult to buy these items. Vegetables are transported into Assam from West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra and Meghalaya and the truckers en route have to pay considerable amount of money as tax at various check posts. It is one of the causes of rise in prices of vegetables in the markets of Guwahati. The prices of locally available vegetables and fruits undergo large markup because of transportation expenses grounds, besides intra-State check posts taxes. In addition to these, the wholesale dealers, as well as the retail sellers, augment the prices of the commodities according to their own desires.
The price of poultry, mainly chicken, that reaches the city markets from places like Chaygaon and Barpeta have been soaring rapidly because of similar factors. There has been steep rise in the price of fish as well, the prominent varieties of which being Rohu ("Rou"), Catla ("Bahu"), Walking catfish ("Magur") and Monopterus ("Kuchia") among many others.The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated inflation, causing food prices to rise. | Guwahati Inflation |
LOC Guwahati, PER Abani Kumar Bhagawati, ORG Gauhati University, PER Bhagawati, LOC Brahmaputra | According to experts, urban flooding in Guwahati in the near future is expected to worsen to the point where residents of certain areas may be forced to relocate. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the alteration of drainage channels and wetlands due to rapid urbanization has exacerbated the problem of flooding.Professor Abani Kumar Bhagawati of Gauhati University stated that since before there were sufficient wetlands to absorb rainwater and channels to carry excess water to the Brahmaputra, the city did not experience floods. However, human interference has disrupted the natural topography, leading to the current situation where "just half an hour of rain" can cause flooding in the city. Encroachment and concretization, which reduce open areas for natural water absorption, are the primary causes of floods according to Bhagawati. | Guwahati Flooding |
LOC Guwahati, LOC India | Guwahati is one of the fastest-growing cities in India.
Guwahati has a population of 957,352 as of the 2011 census.
Population of Guwahati in 2021 is estimated to be 11 lakhs (approx). It is estimated that Guwahati metro will house 2.8 million residents by 2025.
Below Graph shows Population of Guwahati (1950-2040):- | Guwahati Population |
LOC Guwahati | The percentage of the child population (0-14) in Guwahati was 9.40% in 2011. The average literacy rate was stated to be 91.47% with male literacy at 94.24% and female literacy at 88.50%. The sex ratio was recorded to be 933 females per 1000 males and child sex ratio to be 940 girls per 1000 boys. | Guwahati Literacy and sex ratio |
LOC Guwahati | According to the 2011 census, there were around 957,352 people living in Guwahati city, of which around 558,532 population spoke Assamese, 198,544 spoke Bengali, 138,056 speaks Hindi, 16,331 speaks Bodo , 4.72% speaks other minority languages like Odia, Manipuri, Nepali, Telugu, Punjabi and others. | Guwahati Languages |
ORG Handique Girls College, ORG Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University, ORG Regional Dental College, ORG K. C. Das Commerce College, ORG B. Borooah College, ORG Cotton University, ORG National Law University, ORG Gurukul, ORG Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education NE, ORG Science Mirza, ORG Sanskriti, ORG Gauhati Commerce College, ORG Assam Institute of Management, ORG Holy Child School, ORG Indian Institute of Information Technology, ORG Assam Don Bosco University, ORG Assam Science and Technology University, ORG Arya Vidyapeeth College, ORG Dispur College, ORG Gauhati Medical College, ORG NETES Institute of Technology, ORG Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences, ORG Indian Institute of Technology, ORG Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, ORG Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, LOC Northeast India, ORG Delhi Public School, ORG Centre, ORG Faculty Higher Secondary School, ORG Dakshin Kamrup College, ORG Royal Global University, ORG Dakshin Kamrup Girls ' College, ORG Judicial Academy, ORG Tata Institute of Social Sciences, LOC Guwahati, ORG Hospital, LOC India, ORG N. E. F Law College, ORG Gauhati University, ORG National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ORG YWCA English High School, ORG Assam Engineering College, ORG St. Mary ' s English High School, ORG IIT, ORG Assam Down Town University, ORG Government Ayurvedic College, ORG Cotton College | Guwahati is the central educational hub of Northeast India. Among the esteemed institutions is the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT), an autonomous institute dedicated in the field of technical studies in India. Cotton University, erstwhile Cotton College is yet another century-old institution in the fields of Science and Arts.
Guwahati has numerous educational institutes and colleges such as Gauhati University, Cotton University, Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences, Assam Science and Technology University, Dakshin Kamrup College, Dakshin Kamrup Girls' College, Gauhati Commerce College, Arya Vidyapeeth College (Autonomous), K.C. Das Commerce College, Handique Girls College, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati, NETES Institute of Technology and Science Mirza, B. Borooah College, Dispur College, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, N.E.F Law College, National Law University and Judicial Academy, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Government Ayurvedic College, Guwahati, Assam Engineering College, Assam Institute of Management, Assam Don Bosco University, Assam Down Town University, Royal Global University, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education NE Regional Centre, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Guwahati Campus and Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati and Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology.
There are various private schools too like Delhi Public School, Sanskriti the Gurukul, Holy Child School, St. Mary's English High School, YWCA English High School and Faculty Higher Secondary School. | Guwahati Education |
ORG Assam Branch Indian Tea Association, LOC Assam, LOC Ahoms, LOC Dhubri, LOC Brahmaputra, ORG Indian Oil, LOC Noonmati, LOC Sadiya National, LOC Siliguri, ORG Guwahati Refinery, ORG Indian Oil Corporation Limited, LOC Gar - Pandu, ORG ABITA, ORG GTAC, LOC Dispur, LOC Pandu, LOC Guwahati, ORG Guwahati Tea Auction Centre, LOC India, ORG Raw Petroleum | Pandu, located on the banks of the Brahmaputra at the western part of the city, is an ancient urban area that acted as the chief military base for the Ahoms against external invasions. Due to extensive fortification ('Gorh') surrounding Pandu, it acts as a natural river harbor and is formally called Gar-Pandu. Pandu port falls under Dhubri-Sadiya National Waterway-2 and is an important terminal and transit point for goods and cargo as well as passenger and tourist vessels. Construction of both low-level and high-level jetty of fixed terminal, capable of handling container vessels, has been completed and has further enhanced revenue generation for the city.
The manufacturing sector in Guwahati contributes a substantial share to the economy of the city. Petroleum manufacturing is an important economic activity in the city. The Guwahati Refinery is the most important manufacturing industry in the city. Located at Noonmati, the refinery was set up by the Indian Oil Corporation Limited as the first public sector refinery of India as well as the refinery of Indian Oil since 1962. It was built with an initial crude processing capacity of 0.75 million tonnes per year at the time of its commission which was gradually increased to 1.0 million tonnes per year. It produces various products and supplies them to the other northeast states and also beyond to Siliguri through the Guwahati-Siliguri pipeline. The various products produced by the refinery include Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Kerosene Oil, Turbine Fuel (aviation use), Motor Spirit, High-Speed Motor Diesel, Light Diesel Oil, and Raw Petroleum Coke. There is also an LPG bottling plant in the city.Tea manufacturing and processing is another important activity of Guwahati. Assam is one of the highest tea-producing areas in the world, contributing 80% of India's export and 55% of the country's total tea production. So high is the production of tea in Assam that it is the biggest industry in the state. The headquarters of the Assam Branch Indian Tea Association (ABITA) is located at Guwahati. The Guwahati Tea Auction Centre (GTAC), located adjacent to the capital complex at Dispur, is the world's largest CTC tea auction center and the second largest in terms of total tea auctioned. The inaugural sale took place on 25 September 1970 and the first lot of tea was auctioned at the price of ₹ 42.50 which, during those days, was a significant achievement. In the month of August 2019, a kilogram of Maijan Orthodox Golden tea sold for a record-setting price of ₹ 70,501 at the Guwahati Tea Auction Centre.Many centralised, private and international banks have set up their branches in the city with the Reserve Bank of India having one of its own at Pan Bazaar. | Guwahati Economy |
LOC Paro, LOC Guwahati, LOC Bengaluru, LOC Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, LOC India, LOC Kochi, LOC Delhi, LOC Lucknow, LOC Kathmandu, LOC Chennai, LOC Visakhapatnam, LOC Hyderabad, LOC Ahmedabad, LOC Jaipur, LOC Bangkok, LOC Kolkata, LOC Mumbai, LOC Borjhar | Guwahati is served by the Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, in Borjhar, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west from the heart of the city. With all major domestic and international airlines flying into Guwahati, it is the eleventh busiest airport in India in total passenger traffic. Daily and weekly flights are available to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur, Kochi, Bangkok, Paro, Kathmandu etc. | Guwahati Air |
LOC Kamakhya Junction, LOC Assam, ORG Indian Railways, LOC Noonmati, LOC Azara, LOC Paltan Bazaar, ORG Northeast Frontier Railway, LOC Narangi, ORG NFR, LOC Dibrugarh, LOC Lumding, LOC Saraighat, LOC Garib Rath, LOC Guwahati, LOC Maligaon, LOC Barauni, LOC India, LOC Nilachal Hills, LOC Guwahati – Lumding, LOC Kanyakumari, LOC New Guwahati | The city of Guwahati and the northeastern region falls under the Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) Zone of the Indian Railways, the headquarters of which is in Maligaon, near Nilachal Hills, in the northwest of the city. The Guwahati railway station, located in Paltan Bazaar area of Guwahati, is the busiest railway station in the city. It lies along the Barauni-Guwahati Line and Guwahati–Lumding section, categorised as an A-1 railway station under Lumding railway division.
There are four more railway stations in the city – the Kamakhya Junction for passenger and freight services, the New Guwahati railway station (near Noonmati) for only freight services, Narangi railway station and Azara railway station. There are regular trains connecting Guwahati to and from other major cities of the country. Rajdhani Express, Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express, Brahmaputra Mail, Kamrup Express, Northeast Express, Saraighat Express and Garib Rath are some significant trains running to and from Guwahati. The train with the longest route in India, Vivek Express, which runs from Dibrugarh in Upper Assam to Kanyakumari in the southern tip of India passes through Guwahati. | Guwahati Rail |
LOC National, LOC Manipur, LOC Assam, LOC Silchar, ORG Assam State Transport Corporation, LOC Dhubri, LOC Arunachal Pradesh, LOC Bihar, ORG Rupnath Brahma Inter State Bus Terminus, LOC Jorhat, LOC Nagaland, LOC Paltan Bazaar, LOC Adabari, ORG ISBT, LOC Barak Valley Assam, LOC Tripura, LOC West Bengal, LOC Sevoke, LOC Betkuchi, LOC Meghalaya, LOC Dibrugarh, LOC Northeast India, LOC Jalukbari, ORG Assam State Urban Transport Corporation, LOC Cooch Behar, LOC Mizoram, LOC LGBI, LOC Tezpur, ORG ASTC, LOC Guwahati, LOC Northeastern States, LOC India, LOC River Brahmaputra | The length of surfaced roads within the city is 218 km (135 mi). National Highway 27 connects Guwahati with the states West Bengal, Bihar and rest of India. This highway connects Guwahati with Silchar in Barak Valley Assam and further connecting the city to the states of Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura. National Highway 17 from Sevoke in West Bengal terminates in Jalukbari and connects Guwahati with the major cities of Dhubri and Cooch Behar. National Highway 15 and its several secondary roads runs through both the banks of River Brahmaputra and connects the Guwahati with the cities of Tezpur, Jorhat, Dibrugarh in Upper Assam and the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.Public transportation is well developed in the city. Buses are the major means of public transport in Guwahati. The state-owned Assam State Urban Transport Corporation, a subsidiary of Assam State Transport Corporation (ASTC) and private operators provide the city bus services within the city. ASTC also operates the Volvo air-conditioned bus services within the city as well as to the LGBI airport. In addition to this, there are a number of private bus operators that regularly run day and night bus services from Guwahati to neighbouring towns and cities within Assam and the other Northeastern States. Rupnath Brahma Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT), located at Betkuchi area on NH-37, is the most significant terminal cum transit point for buses plying between Guwahati and other destinations in Assam and Northeast India. The areas of Adabari and Paltan Bazaar also act as nodal points in providing bus services to towns and cities in Assam and adjoining states.A metro rail project has also been planned to relieve the hectic traffic conditions on the streets.Guwahati has also seen a rise in the usage of cycling as a mode of transport and as per some unofficial estimates, there was almost a 50% increase in the number of people who took up cycling in the wake of COVID-19. The city has an active cycling community and is amongst the few Indian cities that has a Bicycle Mayor and a Junior Bicycle Mayor. | Guwahati Road |
ORG Inland Water Transport Department, LOC Pandu, LOC Guwahati, LOC Brahmaputra | The Inland Water Transport Department is headquartered at Pandu port in Guwahati. The waterways transportation services in Guwahati are used for transporting bulk goods and cargo, and for movement of passenger and tourist vessels. Ferry services are available for transportation of people from different ports along the Brahmaputra to Pandu port. | Guwahati Water |
LOC Tepesia Sports Complex, LOC Assam, LOC Amingaon, LOC Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium, LOC East India, LOC Barsapara, LOC Chachal Tennis Complex, LOC Gauhati University Sports Stadium, LOC Deshbhakta Tarun Ram Phookan Indoor Stadium, LOC Judges Field, LOC Bhetapara, LOC Paltan Bazaar, LOC North - East Frontier Railway Stadium, LOC Assam Cricket Association Stadium, ORG SAI, ORG Indian Super League, LOC Sarusajai, LOC West Indies, LOC Rudra Singha Sports Complex, ORG NorthEast United FC, LOC Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi A. C. Indoor Hall, LOC Northeast India, LOC Ulubari, ORG Sports Authority of India, LOC Dispur, LOC Australia, LOC Dr. Zakir Hussain Aquatic Complex, LOC Guwahati, LOC Maligaon, LOC India, LOC R. G. Baruah Sports Complex, LOC Ganesh Mandir Indoor Stadium, LOC Kanaklata Indoor Stadium, LOC Maulana Md. Tayabullah Hockey Stadium, LOC Khanapara, LOC Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, LOC Nehru Stadium | Guwahati features the multi-purpose Nehru Stadium which hosts mostly football and cricket located in the R.G. Baruah Sports Complex, one of the oldest in the city. It comprises the Kanaklata Indoor Stadium (for badminton), swimming pool and tennis courts. The North-East Frontier Railway Stadium of Maligaon, the Sports Authority of India (SAI) complex of Paltan Bazaar and the Judges Field are other prominent sporting venues of the city.
The sporting infrastructures specially constructed for the 33rd National Games in 2007 include a large stadium at Sarusajai—the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium, the Dr. Zakir Hussain Aquatic Complex, and the Karmabir Nabin Chandra Bordoloi A.C. Indoor Hall. Other new sports structures include the Maulana Md. Tayabullah Hockey Stadium at Bhetapara, the Deshbhakta Tarun Ram Phookan Indoor Stadium at Ulubari, Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium at Amingaon, Chachal Tennis Complex and Tepesia Sports Complex. The renovated sports complexes include Ganesh Mandir Indoor Stadium at Khanapara, Rudra Singha Sports Complex at Dispur and Gauhati University Sports Stadium. The Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium was also the main venue of the 2016 South Asian Games, which was held from 5 to 16 February 2016. The stadium also hosted the Himalayan Region Games in 2017 and the FIFA U-17 World Cup in India in 2017. It will also host the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in India in 2020 including the opening match.
Guwahati is home to the professional football club NorthEast United FC of Indian Super League. They play their home matches at the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium. It presents one of the finest football atmospheres in India.
Assam Cricket Association Stadium, an international cricket venue at Barsapara, is the home of Assam cricket team. It has seating capacity of 40,000. It is the largest cricket stadium in Northeast India and 2nd largest in East India. It hosted an India vs Australia T20I match in 2017 in its international debut. The first ODI in the stadium was held in 2018 between India and West Indies. | Guwahati Sports |
LOC Assam, ORG DD Assam, ORG Amar Asom, ORG BSNL, ORG Janasadharan, ORG Eastern Chronicle, ORG Radio Gup - Shup, ORG Airtel, ORG All India Radio, ORG Dainandin Barta, ORG Vodafone Idea, ORG Eclectic Northeast Magazine, ORG Niyomiya Barta, ORG The Times of India, ORG Red FM, ORG Guwahati A & B, ORG Time, ORG Jio, ORG News, ORG Asomiya Pratidin, ORG Radio Mirchi, ORG Dainik Janambhumi, ORG Prag, ORG Dainik Asam, ORG 92. 7 BIG FM, LOC Guwahati, ORG Dainik Agradoot, ORG The Telegraph, ORG Gana Adhikar, ORG DY 365, LOC Shillong, ORG Asomiya Khabar, ORG CBS Channel, ORG The Assam Tribune, ORG The Sentinel, ORG Guwahati Radio Station, ORG G Plus | Assamese daily newspapers published from the city are Dainik Agradoot, Asomiya Pratidin, Asomiya Khabar, Amar Asom, Dainik Janambhumi, Janasadharan, Niyomiya Barta, Dainik Asam, Dainandin Barta and Gana Adhikar. English dailies are The Assam Tribune, The Sentinel, The Telegraph, The Times of India and Eastern Chronicle. Eclectic Northeast Magazine is a leading Guwahati-based monthly Northeast magazine with an online version. G Plus is the only English weekly tabloid published from Guwahati.The state-owned television broadcaster DD Assam provides free-to-air satellite television services. Guwahati-based 24-hour regional satellite news channels include News Live, DY 365, Pratidin Time, Prag News, Assam Talks and News18 Assam-North East.
The Guwahati Radio Station of state-owned All India Radio was inaugurated on 1 July 1948 as Shillong-Guwahati Station. The Headquarter of the Shillong-Guwahati Station was shifted from Shillong to Guwahati in 1953. It is a full-fledged Regional broadcasting station with three channels; the Guwahati A & B Channels are AM Channels, and the CBS Channel is an FM Channel. The other FM stations include 92.7 BIG FM, Radio Gup-Shup 94.3 FM, Red FM 93.5 and Radio Mirchi. Telecom services are BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone Idea and Jio. | Guwahati Media & telecommunications |
PER Barsha Rani Bishaya, PER Nabakanta Barua, LOC Assam, PER Abu Nechim, PER Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain, PER Zubeen Garg, PER Ashmita Chaliha, PER Jayanta Talukdar, PER Utpal Das, PER Somdev Devvarman, PER Reema Kagti, PER Shiva Thapa, PER Durgabar Kayastha, PER Bhabendra Nath Saikia, PER Dipankar Bhattacharjee, PER Gaurav Bora, PER Riyan Parag, PER Himanta Biswa Sarma, PER Nayyara Noor, PER Papon, PER Sagarika Mukherjee, PER Arnab Goswami, PER Mamoni Raisom Goswami | Nabakanta Barua, poet and academician
Dipankar Bhattacharjee, Indian badminton player and Olympian
Barsha Rani Bishaya, Assamese film actor
Gaurav Bora. footballer
Ashmita Chaliha, Indian badminton player
Utpal Das, Assamese film actor
Somdev Devvarman, tennis player
Zubeen Garg, singer
Shrinjan Rajkumar Gohain, Indian chess player
Arnab Goswami, journalist
Mamoni Raisom Goswami, novelist and academician
Reema Kagti, director and screenwriter
Durgabar Kayastha, medieval littérateur
Papon, singer and composer
Sagarika Mukherjee, singer and actress
Abu Nechim, cricketer
Nayyara Noor, singer
Riyan Parag, cricketer
Bhabendra Nath Saikia, novelist, short story writer and film director
Himanta Biswa Sarma, current Chief Minister of Assam
Jayanta Talukdar, Indian archer and Olympian
Shiva Thapa, boxer and Olympian | Guwahati Notable people |
LOC London, PER Shin, LOC Assam, PER Gait, PER Baruah, PER Barua, ORG 215, PER Swarna Lata, PER Manjeet, PER Lipokmar, ORG Routledge, PER Jae - Eun, ORG Thacker, Spink & Company, ORG 81, PER Dzüvichü, LOC Mid - Brahmaputra, LOC North East India, ORG Primus Books, ORG Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Limited, LOC Kāmarupa, LOC New York, PER Rai Bahadur Kanak Lal, PER Sir Edward Albert | Shin, Jae-Eun (2018), "Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering temporal, spatial and social context of Kamarupa", in Dzüvichü, Lipokmar; Baruah, Manjeet (eds.), Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation, London & New York: Routledge, pp. 23–55
Barua, Rai Bahadur Kanak Lal (1933). Early History of Kāmarupa: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. The Author.
Baruah, Swarna Lata (1993). Last Days of Ahom Monarchy: A History of Assam from 1769 to 1826. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-81-215-0462-1.
Gait, Sir Edward Albert (1906). A History of Assam. Thacker, Spink & Company.
Shin, Jae-Eun (2019). Redefining Divine Presence: A Study of Hidden Lingas in the Mid-Brahmaputra Valley. Primus Books. pp. 313–334. | Guwahati Bibliography |
LOC Tomars, LOC Lashkar Subcity, LOC Maratha Empire, LOC Scindia, LOC Delhi, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC Lashkar Gwalior, LOC Kachchhapaghatas, LOC Malanpur, LOC Gird, LOC Ganga - Yamuna Drainage Basin, LOC Thatipur, LOC Maharaj Bada, ORG Scindia, LOC Mughal Empire, LOC Bhopal, LOC Bhind, LOC Chambal, LOC Phool Bagh, LOC Maratha, LOC Morena, LOC India, LOC Banmore, LOC Morar Cantonment, LOC Madhya Bharat, LOC Gwalior, LOC Agra | Gwalior(pronunciation ) is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located 343 kilometres (213 mi) south of Delhi, the capital city of India, 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Agra and 414 kilometres (257 mi) from Bhopal, the state capital, Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India. The historic city and its fortress have been ruled by several historic Indian kingdoms. From the Kachchhapaghatas in the 10th century, Tomars in the 13th century, it was passed on to the Mughal Empire, then to the Maratha in 1754, and the Scindia dynasty of Maratha Empire in the 18th century. In April 2021, It was found that Gwalior had the best air quality index (AQI 152) amongst the 4 major cities in Madhya Pradesh.Besides being the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division, Gwalior has many administrative offices of the Chambal division of northern Madhya Pradesh. Several administrative and judicial organisations, commissions and boards have their state and national headquarters situated in the city.
Gwalior was the winter capital of the state of Madhya Bharat which later became a part of the larger state of Madhya Pradesh. Prior to Indian independence on 15 August 1947, Gwalior remained a princely state of the British Raj with the Scindia as the local rulers. High rocky hills surround the city from all sides, on the north it just forms the border of the Ganga- Yamuna Drainage Basin. The city however is situated in the valley between the hills. Gwalior's metropolitan area includes Gwalior city centre, Morar Cantonment, Lashkar Gwalior (Lashkar Subcity), Maharaj Bada, Phool Bagh, and Thatipur.Gwalior was one of the major locations of rebellion during the 1857 uprising. Post-independence, Gwalior has emerged as an important tourist attraction in central India while many industries and administrative offices came up within the city. Before the end of the 20th century it became a million plus agglomeration and now it is a metropolitan city in central India. Gwalior is surrounded by industrial and commercial zones of neighbouring districts (Malanpur – Bhind, Banmore – Morena) on all three main directions.
Gwalior has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. | Gwalior Introduction |
PER Suraj Sen, PER Veer Singh, PER Iltutmish, ORG Mamluk, LOC Delhi Sultanate, PER Bhim Singh Rana, PER Kachchhapaghata, PER Man Singh Tomar, LOC Gwalior Fort, LOC Mughals, PER Babur, ORG Gurjara - Pratihara, LOC Gwalipa, PER Mahmud Ghazni, PER Aurangzeb, PER Toramana, LOC Man Mandir Palace, PER Tansen, PER Mihirakula, PER Tomar, PER Tôramâna, LOC India, PER Suraj, LOC Teli ka Mandir, LOC Gwalior, LOC Sasbahu Temple | According to legend, Gwalior was founded in 8 CE after a local chieftain, Suraj Sen who was cured of leprosy from a drink given to him by a holy man called Gwalipa. Suraj subsequently set up a town and fort and named them after Gwalipa.The earliest historical record found at Gwalior is the Gwalior inscription of the Alchon Hun ruler Mihirakula. It describes Mihirakula's father Toramana (493-515) as "a ruler of the earth, of great merit, who was renowned by the name of the glorious Tôramâna; by whom, through (his) heroism that was specially characterized by truthfulness, the earth was governed with justice", and his Mihirakula as "the lord of the earth" as of 520 CE.
Around the 9th century, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty controlled Gwalior and during their rule, they constructed the Teli ka Mandir temple. The Kachchhapaghata dynasty ruled the area c.950 –c.1192 CE, leaving remarkable architectural works such as the Sasbahu Temple. In 1021, Gwalior was attacked by forces led by Mahmud Ghazni but they were repelled.
In 1231 Iltutmish, ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, captured Gwalior after an 11-month-long effort and from then till the 13th century it remained under Muslim rule. In 1375, Raja Veer Singh was made the ruler of Gwalior and he founded the rule of the Tomar clan. During those years, Gwalior saw its golden period.
The Jain Sculptures at Gwalior Fort were built under Tomar rule. Man Singh Tomar made his dream palace, the Man Mandir Palace which is now a tourist attraction at Gwalior Fort. Babur described it as "the pearl in the necklace of forts of India and not even the winds could touch its masts". The daily light and sound show organised there apprise about the history of the Gwalior Fort and Man Mandir Palace. By the 15th century, the city had a noted singing school which was attended by the prominent figure of Hindustani classical music, Tansen. After death of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb the Jat ruler Bhim Singh Rana captured Gwalior from Mughals. Later in the 1830s, the Scindias captured Gwalior and it remained a princely state during the period of British rule.
Chaturbhuj Temple at Gwalior Fort claims the world's very first occurrence of zero as a written number. | Gwalior History |
LOC Kalpi, PER Rao Sahib, PER Rani Lakshmibai, LOC Gwalior Fort, PER Tantia Tope, PER Lakshmibai, PER Jayajirao Scindia, LOC Jhansi, LOC Gwalior | Gwalior is also known for not participating in the 1857 rebellion, mainly due to non-co-operation with Rani Lakshmibai. After Kalpi (Jhansi) fell into the hands of the British on 24 May 1858, Lakshmibai sought shelter at Gwalior Fort. The Maharaja of Gwalior, Jayajirao Scindia, was not willing to give up his fort without a fight as he was a strong ally of the British, but after negotiations, his troops capitulated and the rebels took possession of the fort. The British attacked Gwalior in no time, the battle was fought by Lakshmibai. Indian forces numbered around 20,000, and British forces around 1,600 troops. Lakshmibai's example is remembered to this day by Indian nationalists. She died fighting, and Gwalior was free from rebels. There is a statue of Lakshmibai on her horse which commemorates her contribution to the fight for independence. Tantia Tope and Rao Sahib escaped. Tantia Tope was later captured and hanged in April 1859. | Gwalior Rebellion of 1857 |
ORG Congress Party, PER Rajpramukh, PER Scindia, LOC Scindia, LOC Madhya Pradesh, LOC United Kingdom, PER Jyotiraditya Scindia, PER Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, PER Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia, LOC Ajmer, ORG Bharatiya Janata Party, LOC Gwalior State, ORG Bhartiya janata Party, LOC India, ORG Government of India, PER Jivajirao Scindia, LOC Madhya Bharat, ORG Lok Sabha, LOC Gwalior | Scindia is a Maratha clan in India. This clan included rulers of the Gwalior State in the 18th and 19th centuries, who were a princely states during the period of British colonial rule during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, and politicians in independent India.
The Scindia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the second half of the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars. (Gwalior first fell to the British in 1780.) The Scindias held significant power over many of the Rajput states, and conquered the state of Ajmer. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the city was briefly held by rebel forces in 1858 until they were defeated by the British. The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat. Jivajirao Scindia served as the state's Rajpramukh, or the appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.
In 1962, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son, Maharaja Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004, but later joined Bhartiya janata Party in 2020. | Gwalior Princely state of Gwalior |
LOC Morar Cantonment, LOC Gwalior | As of the 2011 Census of India, Gwalior had a population of 1,054,420. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gwalior has an average literacy rate of 84.14%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 89.64% and female literacy is 77.92%. In Gwalior, about 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. The city's metropolitan population, which includes the commuter town of Morar Cantonment, was 1,102,884. | Gwalior Demographics |
ORG Scindia, LOC Gwalior | Hinduism is practiced by the majority of the people in Gwalior (88.84%). Other religions practised include Islam (8.58%), Jainism (1.41%), Sikhism (0.56%), Christianity (0.29). Gwalior has a long history of religious amity. The erstwhile Maharajas of the Scindia dynasty considered the Sufi saints to be their gurus and headed the Muharram procession every year. | Gwalior Religion |
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