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http://juraki.xyz/archives/12300
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Epicnovel Don’t Enter The Jianghu – Chapter 59 – A Mental Disorder Patient Dropping Spirit Attribute. What Kind Of Setting Is This? thumb spy -p3
Children in Prison and Other Cruelties of Prison Life
Novel–Complete Martial Arts Attributes–Complete Martial Arts Attributes
Chapter 59 – A Mental Disorder Patient Dropping Spirit Attribute. What Kind Of Setting Is This? selfish near
“Forbid any individual from traveling to? Why didn’t you tell me previous?”
w.a.n.g Teng: …
These are generally all Mindset features? Can it be that intellectual individuals will decline the Spirit feature?
“Of program, see properly.” Because he spoke, he started to take off his pants…
I have never thought that we, w.a.n.g Teng, will fall season in the hands of this around-confronted lady…
w.a.n.g Teng seen him when he swallowed the capsules. Then, he asked casually, “I noticed that your shooting is extremely correct.”
These are definitely all Nature features? Is it that mental health people will decrease the Spirit feature?
w.a.n.g Teng felt that the was substantially more scary compared with the same day!
He found out that they were Spirit bubbles, in addition to their tips had been extremely high. w.a.n.g Teng was elated.
“G.o.d of Guns? What type are you currently discussing? We now have nine people that state they are the G.o.d of Handgun here!” the health professional said.
“Oh, I noticed that you had a robust wish to talk, therefore i forced myself to speak to you for a time~” the nurse replied without elevating her brain.
w.a.n.g Teng couldn’t support but give himself a thumbs-up for his wits as he saw his appearance.
Ought I return household? Might it be already happening to make around now?
I didn’t expect to have there to generally be attribute bubbles that haven’t faded!
Could be he must have allow cognitive affected person continue on his demo just a little longer?
“h.e.l.lo…” w.a.n.g Teng stayed sufferer and opened his mouth once again.
“h.e.l.lo…” w.a.n.g Teng remained patient and established his oral cavity once again.
He found out they were Mindset bubbles, along with their issues were quite high. w.a.n.g Teng was elated.
fog esports wattpad
w.a.n.g Teng decided to go directly back to the marksmans.h.i.+p membership and switched his unutterable suffering and indignation into enthusiasm. He gathered attributes…
Ought I return your home? Will it be too late to transform around now?
He was really a tiny scared, but in the interest of his capabilities, w.a.n.g Teng had a deep breath and sneaked into your psychological healthcare facility. He was resolute and advised himself there was no turning back.
He shook his mind and walked around, trembling the individual for the sleep.” Hello, get up. It’s time for drugs.”
He chosen them up!
If the noises entered his ears, he observed just a little frosty.
w.a.n.g Teng’s vision lit up. It was a good and unforeseen delight.
He picked them up!
He selected them up!
Properly~ it hadn’t hatched.
Nevertheless, right then just now, another feature bubble experienced dropped in the tolerant.
“Really?” The nurse’s eyeballs brightened.
w.a.n.g Teng’s eye lit up up. This was a pleasant and unpredicted big surprise.
Then, he dragged anyone in to a side and pondered for a second. He had off the nurse’s coating and wore it.
Hero Tales from American History
He waited before the nurse slowly stumbled on a halt before asking her cautiously.
The corridor was extremely quiet. w.a.n.g Teng used his best to step lightly, but he would still make some minor disturbances.
The developed suburb obtained been deserted, with few individuals there. At this point, no trace of humans could be seen. The environment were actually eerily peaceful, like a ghost town.
Probably he really should have have the mental health patient proceed his demo a little bit longer?
These are typically all Heart characteristics? Could it be that cognitive individuals will lower the Heart characteristic?
w.a.n.g Teng viewed the health care worker, who has been giggling just like a lunatic. She laughed until she couldn’t take in accurately. At the same time, the powder in her deal with stored falling.
I didn’t expect there to become attribute bubbles that haven’t disappeared!
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https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/webdav_101/2014/02/05/january-release-of-ewseditor-1-7-5-32013/
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I've been expanding EWSEditor so that it can be used for EWS calls which the Exchange Managed API 2.0 cannot handle. A new EWS POST windows has been added in addition to a lot of sample requests. The project was also ported to Visual Studio 2013 and .NET 4.5 is now used. Below is more information on what was changed.
- The code has been updated to Visual Studio 2013 and .NET 4.5.
- A new EWS POST window has been added and it allows users to POST
EWS XML and get back responses. I’ve
added the ability to save the settings on the window (minus the password).
There are also a lot of EWS XML samples included – you can load them via a menu
and can also save your own requests.
- Menu items under the Tools menu which require a service object
are now all disabled unless there is an active service object (ie you signed
- Fixed address saving in Contacts form (minus the multiline
address issue which has to be worked-around by a raw post or by using modified
proxy classes or by swapping out the lf for clrl).
- Autodiscover viewer now breaks-down alternative mailbox
information in AutoDiscover viewer.
- Autodiscover viewer's maximize button is now enabled.
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https://www.proz.com/virtual-conferences/614/program/9563
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Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site,
while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.
Working with memoQ, you can extract terminology from source files and create project specific term bases before starting a translation project. Quick and easy. Join Mónika Antunovics and learn why terminology extraction and management is important in your daily work.
Monika Antunovics spent more than a decade at Microsoft, first in the language quality assurance team and later as an international project manager in the Windows group. In the former role she was an advocate and early practitioner of modern terminology management, and she drove the successful implementation of an automated system for collecting and analyzing language quality assurance data, which she designed and partly implemented herself. As a program manager, she was responsible for local content in Windows, as well as testing localization quality and compatibility with local software and websites.
After leaving Microsoft, Monika joined Kilgray, where she is responsible for designing new features for the memoQ client, and also for account management.
Monika has a background in computer sciences and is fluent in five languages.
Gabriela, as far as I was able to understand (I'm kind of new to this "on-demand" content idea during ProZ events, too) from the "Welcome and Introduction to the memoQ virtual day" video (it's the first one in the list of the on-demand content), these OD videos will be available at any time once the event starts since they are pre-recorded. Hope this helps.
The contents of this post will automatically be included in the ticket generated. Please add any additional comments or explanation (optional)
Drew MacFadyen United States Local time: 09:02 Member (2006) Spanish to English + ...
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http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/Vsexpressinstall/thread/fe02a69b-b22f-4928-b801-2fe15c80f8fe
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Hi BobJEvans, if you are unable to register and still get redirected to the error page, then I suggest that you download the "All - Offline Install ISO image file" from
This "All In One" ISO image file contains VB, VC++, VC# and Web Developer 2008 Express editions. You are not required to obtain a registration key if you install any of these Express editions from this particular ISO, and you can use them even after the
30 day period. Hope this helps!
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https://www.operaphilly.org/how-to-reset-toshiba-laptop/
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Where is the reset button on my Toshiba laptop?
Insert a slender object such as a straightened small paper clip into the reset hole on the left side of the display to press the internal reset button. via
Is there a reset button on Toshiba laptops?
What else can I do to factory reset my Toshiba laptop? Shut down and restart the laptop by holding down the power button. Immediately and repeatedly press the F12 button until the boot menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select "HDD Recovery" and press Enter. via
How do I completely reset my laptop?
To begin, in the Start menu, click Settings, and then click Update & Security. In the resulting Update & Security window, click Recovery in the left pane. Under Reset this PC in the right pane click Get Started. In the following screen, choose either Keep my Files, Remove Everything, or Restore Factory Settings. via
How do you force restart a Toshiba laptop?
Press and hold the computer's power button for ten seconds. For relatively new Toshiba notebook computers, this will turn the computer off. Watch for the 'On' light to go off, wait for five seconds, and then turn the computer on -- by pressing and holding the power button, for roughly one second. via
How do you reset a Toshiba laptop if you forgot the password?
How do I fix my Toshiba Satellite laptop that won't boot up?
How do I restart my Toshiba laptop when the screen is black?
Why is my Toshiba laptop not starting up?
First do a hard reset, remove the battery and AC adapter then press and hold the power button for 20 seconds. Turn it back on and see if gets pass the restart part because if it doesn't try loading into Safe Mode. via
How do you reset a Toshiba Satellite Pro laptop? (video)
What keys do I press to reset my laptop?
Do laptops have a reset button?
Where is the reset button on a laptop? To help conserve space, a laptop and most portable devices only have one power button. If you need to reset a laptop or another device, press and hold down the power button and after 10-15 seconds, the device resets or turn off. via
How do I wipe my computer before recycling?
Simply go to the Start Menu and click on Settings. Navigate to Update & Security, and look for the recovery menu. From there you just select Reset this PC and follow the instructions from there. It may ask you to erase data either “quickly” or “thoroughly” — we suggest taking the time to do the latter. via
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https://www.nlpsummit.org/supporting-mental-healthcare-delivery-using-nlp/
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Supporting Mental Healthcare Delivery Using NLP
Today, mental healthcare services are available on-demand, 24×7, anywhere. At the same time, delivery of these services is severely supply constrained.
Machine Learning provides an opportunity to support, improve and scale the delivery of mental healthcare to a large number of people and address the supply-demand imbalance, while improving quality.
Our team at Headspace Health has been applying modern NLP techniques to augment the abilities of, and become a core component of our care providers’ workflows. We solve a breadth of problems spanning classification, retrieval, generation and unsupervised models.
In this talk, we will share an overview of some of the ways in which we are using NLP at various stages of our coaches’ interactions with members. These include identifying indicators of risk, recommending optimal level of care, increasing speed of repeating conversations, summarizing sessions into daily notes, and recommending self-care content from our content library.
Lead Machine Learning Engineer at Headspace Health
Setu is a Lead Machine Learning Engineer at Headspace Health, where he works on supporting healthcare with NLP.
He has built various ML Products ranging from heuristics-based methods to deep learning based models. He also designs end-to-end systems for serving and monitoring ML models.
Setu has been applying NLP to various healthcare problems for over 5 years, working with various types of unstructured data sources with unsupervised, supervised and self-supervised methods.
Outside work, he enjoys spending time hiking and biking.
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http://www.ifans.com/blog/66847/
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HTC’s HD2 truly is the phone that won’t die. Originally shipped with Windows Mobile, the predecessor to the Evo 4G featured a 1 GHz SnapDragon chip, along with a large, 4.3″ screen. While the hardware was truly ahead of its time, the software wasn’t – so developers and hackers decided to change that.
It was first forced to run Android, and the device quickly gained popularity in hacking circles. Soon after its initial release, the HD2 had a working port of Windows Phone 7. Now, through an unknown process that could likely involve black magic, the HTC HD2 runs Windows RT.
Windows RT is literally Microsoft’s tablet OS. Notably, it powers the Surface RT and various other ARM-based tablets. From a design perspective, it is identical to Windows 8. Feature-wise, the two are almost on parity, though the RT version is unable to run anything that isn’t from Microsoft’s app marketplace.
Developed by @CotullaCode on Twitter, the process has yet to be released. It may never become public, given the obvious legal complications, though it is still interesting to see. However, the developer does provide various images that seem to verify the authenticity of his work; included are photos of the device running the Metro UI, as well as various shots of the process manager reporting system statistics back to the user. CotullaCode reportedly had to write his own EFI bootloader – obviously, this isn’t something that just anyone can do.
It’s interesting to see such an old device running Windows RT. There’s no word on the performance, but given that it’s powered by a single core SnapDragon and running on 576 MB of RAM, it can’t be fast. Even the Tegra 3-powered Surface RT has performance hiccups from time to time. So what’s the point? Well, it’s pretty awesome. That’s the point.
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http://www.defensivecarry.com/forum/off-topic-humor-discussion/57751-off-topic-bible-reference-assistance.html
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This is a discussion on Off Topic Bible Reference Assistance within the Off Topic & Humor Discussion forums, part of the The Back Porch category; I'm working on a study and need some references. In Daniel 3 how long were the Israelites in captivity before the statue was built, and ...
I'm working on a study and need some references.
In Daniel 3 how long were the Israelites in captivity before the statue was built, and how long did it take to build the statue?
I'm looking for verifiable references an apparently I'm looking in the wrong places.
Any help would be appreciated. Even historical references would be fine. I just want to establish a time line.
If You Want To POPULATE Heaven
You Have To PLUNDER Hell!!
4th Man Ministries
Please send the member your answers VIA Private Mail.
The thread is closed but, I will not delete it.
Rule #8 - Forum Rules Page.
We have learned from bitter experience that discussions of certain subjects (politics, religion, abortion, sexual orientation, etc) often degenerate quickly.
For this reason, we do not focus on these subjects in our discussions.
We encourage you to take these discussions to other forums where these topics are the focus.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123484.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00098-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11319909/creating-new-variables-in-loop-with-names-from-list-in-python
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How to create new variables with names from list? This:
name = ['mike', 'john', 'steve'] age = [20, 32, 19] index = 0 for e in name: name[index] = age[index] index = index+1
of course does not work. What should I do?
I want to do this:
print mike >>> 20 print steve >>> 19
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499470.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128023233-20230128053233-00832.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
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https://paulorenato.com/index.php/random-stuff/200-the-shiny-roominator-silicon-valley-room-rent-estimator
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Planning to rent a room in the Silicon Valley in 2016? This tool may help.
The Shiny 'Roominator' - Silicon Valley Room Rent Estimator
If you are planning to rent a room in Silicon Valley circa 2016, I have good news and bad news for you. The bad news is that it's expensive, very expensive! The good news is that I did some of the ground work research for you. The 'Roominator" tool is the result of many hours of painstakingly mining through data in popular websites. Armed with that data, I then built a statistical model that tries to predict the rent you are likely to pay based on a number of factors. Here's the link to my app:
Note: takes a few seconds to load.
How it works
The dataset is used to build a linear regression (prediction) model based on the room size ('square footage'), the town where it's located, and whether or not the room has a private bathroom. The application displays an histogram with a density plot based on the selected parameters to give the user a sense of the rent price distribution. A rent prediction including upper and lower prediction interval bounds is also displayed based on the confidence level the user selects.
1) Using the Left panel, select the town where the room is located, the room size ('square footage'), and whether or not the room has a private bathroom.
2) Select a confidence level for the rent prediction. The lower the confidence, the narrower the resulting prediction interval will be.
3) The right panel displays an histogram for the datapoints found in the dataset matching the left panel selections. A density plot estimate is overlayed with the histogram (you can think of this as an 'estimate' of the underlying rent price distribution).
4) The median, mean and predicted rents are calculated and displayed on the right panel.
The Roominator Interface
Comments, questions, suggestions? You can reach me at: contact (at sign) paulorenato (dot) com
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
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https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite/commit/5298a79cb503c9034de5e2dbc88ed0c9b72a566f
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code
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Please sign in to comment.
MAJOR BUGFIX: disallow "hooks" directory in admin repo
Although this is not a "hole" that allows a normal user to bypass controls, I still consider this a hole in the sense that I want to separate "admin push" rights from "shell access on server" rights. (I realise that most people don't make this distinction, but I do, and for me and most sites I consult for it is important). Thanks to drue on #gitolite who pointed it out excitedly, and apologies for killing what he thought of as a feature!
- Loading branch information...
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CC-MAIN-2018-51
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https://healthunlocked.com/cllsupport/posts/131392921/treatment-in-california
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I am in Northern California (an hour south of Sacramento) and based on my blood work & cat scan (lymp nodes; count doubling, extreme fatigue etc.) my oncologist said I am still watch and wait but treatment probably not "too far in the future". HOWEVER, right now it appears all UC Davis has to offer is standard Chemo. I have looked into a lot of trials etc. and it seems most of them you have to fail chemo first before you qualify.
Is this true? I am youngish 40, have other medical issues and can't really afford to travel too far if at all possible. My insurance no longer will pay for Stanford (but UC my Davis Oncologist worked for Coutre so he does talk to him)
I don't know what "too far in the future" means of course but I want to be prepared...
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267868135.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625150537-20180625170537-00005.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-26
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https://www.geekstogo.com/forum/topic/307216-my-sony-vaio-wont-boot-up-or-do-anything-help/
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So I restarted it, and I attempted to hit F12, and this time it sent me to a screen that said:
"Yukon PXE v188.8.131.52 (alpha) (20090623)
© Copyright 2003-2009 Marvell ®. All rights reserved.
Pre-boot eXecution Environment (PXE) v2.1
© Copyright 1997-2000 Intel Corporation
PXE-E61: Media test failure, check cable
PXE-M0F: Exiting PXE ROM."
After that, it still does nothing.
I restart it again and I hit F10, and it takes me to the VAIO Recover Center window. I ran the quick tests and it said everything hardware-wise was working fine. But then I tried to do a complete system restore and it finishes, but when it restarts it takes me back to the original black screen with the blinking underscore.
Without taking it to Best Buy or a computer person, is there anything I can do to fix this thing? Or can anyone tell me what's wrong with it??
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http://www.reddit.com/r/techrecycle/comments/qkzob/request_in_dire_need_of_a_smalllight_laptop_for/?sort=random
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Ok so here's the deal:
I'm a senior in highschool thats going into college next year (if I can afford it :-P ) Anyway I am in dire need of a small and light laptop for school and soon. I'm starting to slip on my classes because I keep having to borrow my friends in the last 15 minutes in class to email myself notes/what to do and since I wasn't able to turn it in at the end of class and turn it in at a later point in time (later that evening) I get like -10% or more on all my work. I was borrowing an OLD Alienware laptop towards the beginning of school from a friend but he needed it back. Then I had a relative that upgraded her laptop to a new one so she gave me her old macbook (Which was awesome) but My mom decided that the laptop was hers after a week because she hates sitting at my desk in my room with my desktop so the laptop became hers and she uses it for work even though I need it for school. Here's what my average school days are like and what I need a computer for each class:
-Business and Law:
Take notes and do power point presentations/ research online.
Take notes and do research online and take tests online.
-English: Take notes, Read poems,stories, watch stuff, Do work
-Architecture design: (This is a CAD based class) don't really need a laptop for this class other then for having another screen to do research and to pull up the E-Book version of the textbook for the class.
-Art: Research and to scan my art to be able to save for my portfolio.
As you can tell a laptop would really be helpful. My family isn't exactly rich and my mom is a single mother of two that makes very very little. I have asked family for help but we are all strapped in these hard times. I try and use the school computers but they are already in use and by the time it's my turn to use it the class is almost over because computers are given out in Alphabetical order and with a last name starting with O I am pretty much screwed.
Anyway back to the laptop:
It needs to be 15-inchs or smaller (The smaller and lighter the better) because it needs to be able to fit into my back pack (one of the only school rules).
It needs at least 1 GB of ram preferably two. It needs atleast a 80 gig Harddrive. It has to be able to use Youtube and google chrome (For the browser based CAD app). The final requirement is that it needs to have an Ethernet port on it but it also needs wifi.
A guy on reddit was going to give me a Chromebook which would have honnestly been perfect for dual booting with Ubuntu. I would really love an old alienware or macbook or a CR-48 but thats asking too much. I would really be happy with anything this point so I can atleast start to get my GPA back up.Ive gone down from straight A's to hardly maintaining B's and an A or two here and there but I'm having trouble keeping B's at this point. Like I said anything would be appreciated.
edit rlaw68 is sending me a laptop. He is a life saver. (THANK YOU SO MUCH AGAIN)
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https://community.fico.com/thread/10307
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For execution path tracking, we need to log which rule was fired in a decision table. Does Blaze provide API's to track fired rules in decsion tables?
Decision Table is a Tabular representation of the rules. It isn't used for logging purpose. Could you please elaborate on what you are trying achieve here.
Execution path tracking (tracking/logging fired rules) is achieved using Log4J or custom logging mechanism either to - a log file, a DB table or other persistant layers.
Thanks & Regards,
Thanks Sandesh for your reply.
Most of our business startegies are represented in tables (up to 1000 rows/rules). Business asked us to prepare test cases that must cover all rules in the table. In other words, they want to make sure we have test cases in such a way that each rule in the table is fired and a log should be created with each rule's inputs and outputs for verification of correctness.
As you know, rules SRL in a table's instance is read only and we can't insert logging code into them.
Hope this gives you better idea.
Thanks for your help.
The initial creation of the decision table generates just a bunch of templates. Those templates can indeed be modified to contain your logging code. And/or do a lot a other things you may need to do.
Let's forget about logging. It's a secondary thing. The primary thing is to get which rule in the table was fired. This is a runtime issue. How to know which rule was fired?
You could have the user enter a code per rule/row, for rules you could use the name if you wanted to or have them enter a code. You just need a provider for them to do this.
Once you have that data then in the action you can take this code and call a backend class and save it to the database tied to the application/transaction number or whatever is representing the rule session uniquely. another thing you can do is put all the codes into an array or object array if you want more data and return the array of rules that fired to the invoking rules call.
As Spar mentioned, thats fairly simple and easy approach. "Code" can also be analogy to name of the rule, which is the need of the hour for you.
On the other hand, slighly (?) complex solution could involve writing a custom provider to read the rule name from backend generate ruleset (from the decision table instance). Provider would return the rule name in which it is executed. Custom provider could reside in one of the action column (preferably the one which is not 'optional') and returned value can be pursued accordingly. This may save some addition typing efforts from the users' at the cost of some development efforts (one time though!).
With Blaze Advisor 7.1 version (java), decision table has options to 'Enable Rule Tracing' and 'Enable editing of rule id'. Hope this would help you in achieving the goal.
Thanks & Regards
Retrieving data ...
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http://igss.schneider-electric.com/products/igss/igss-news/16-09-14/New_features_in_the_Definition_module.aspx
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Published Sep 14, 2016 |
New features in the Definition module
News from IGSS Development
New Command line parameter
A new command line parameter has been introduced called –SaveExit to augment the existing import-based parameters for the Definition module.
The – SaveExit parameter saves the configuration and closes the Definition module after an import of a group object file.
Note that a consistency check for an changes or updates in the Definition module is not run when saving the configuration and it is recommended to run the consistency check (check and install) manually at a later point in order to detect and correct any discovered errors or inconsistencies.
If you want to run a consistency check in conjunction with a command line import, you can add the –ConsistencyCheck parameter. Any errors or results that stem from the check must be resolved in the same fashion as when you run the Check and Install functions in the Definition module.
Other import command line parameters include –import, -pastenewdiagram and –pasteasref. See the Definition online help, Command line interface help topic for more information
def.exe -import C:\exports\D122198.cfg -pastenewdiagram –saveexit
This example opens the Definition module, imports D122198.cfg file and its contents into the active area and diagram. The configuration is then saved and exited without being checked for consistency.
Rectangle to reference diagrams
Rectangle descriptors can now be used to connect to diagrams and the diagram navigation options from the Button control descriptor have been introduced to the rectangle descriptor as well.
There are two descriptors that are nearly identical in name: a rectangle and a rectangular field.
A rectangular field is used as a clickable area, allowing you to create an area on the diagram or map image which opens an object when clicked on.
A rectangle descriptor is usually used to connect to an object, for example an analog object, and display fill or colors depending on the state or value of the object.
The new Definition module features described here are only available for IGSS 12 after you have updated your IGSS installation.
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http://www.highrankings.com/forum/index.php/topic/2649-se-regional-world-results/
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I am curious how other SEO's market one search engine that provides two different results to their customers. Example: Google Australia; .au or web results can be obtained. Both results are completely different. Obviously the web results being the more competitive than the regional.
Now, if you tell a client that their website will rank in 10 SE's, do we agree that would be 10 individual SE's? On the other-hand, do some SEO's count the regional as one result and web as another to meet there 10 quota when dealing with regional domains, marketing Internationally? ie. achieve #20 Google .au & web results, that leave 8 SE's to go!
I look at one engine being exactly that; one engine. However, the more I think about this, with one engine supplying two completely different results, does it count as two engines and would it be ethical?
Obviously, if your website has no interest in other regions, then this would not count, as you would only want the specific regional listing, whatever that may be. As stated, what if you hold a regional domain and market Internationally? Is this then correct to sell one engine as two listing out of say your target of 10? Professionalism, Honesty, Integrity, Laziness or Worse?
Edited by anthonyparsons.com, 23 December 2003 - 11:53 AM.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1387345771702/warc/CC-MAIN-20131218054931-00005-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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https://forums.speedlife.net/t/new-guy/136635
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Hi guys my name is Paul and I would like to start drifting. I have been drifting for a bit. Just now I would like to build a car just for drifting and would like to join some sort of a club.
My main question is do you know of a drift serize / organized events. I dont want to build a car and not use it. Also what car would you guys recomend for someone that whats to drift. But at the same time I dont want to be building cars every year. So I was thinking of building something good rigth off the get go.
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https://community.oracle.com/customerconnect/discussion/57233/clearing-blocks
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There was a business rule that was run that has create missing block on. When the users ran the business rule it created blocks it created a bunch of non valid intersections. the reason this became an issue is because there s a formula on the webforms that is refrencing these empty blocks and generating 0's and all the non valid intersections are showing on the forms. I cleared blocks and it seems to clear data. I am not sure on how to proceed troubleshooting this? any help or advice is much appreciated.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100762.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208144732-20231208174732-00124.warc.gz
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https://momstheword.com/products/zurich-blazer-with-zip-sides
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code
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Pair with the NYC Tailored Trouser for the perfect suit.
Bump & Beyond: Those ingenious hidden side zippers make this totally wearable forever-as a suit or just as a blazer over jeans. Happy making.
- Sizing Stuff 1= 0-4, 2= 4-8, 3=8-10, 4=10-12
- Shoulder to hem 26in
- Wool/Poly/Elastine(2% which gives it just a wee bit of stretch)
- lining polyster
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218199514.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212959-00287-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-13
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https://preview.npmjs.com/~falconia
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code
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Support for OAuth 2 and OpenId Connect (OIDC) in Angular.
react-native library for wechat app
A React Component to play flv video
React Native WebView component by x5 kernel for Android
Generate a Lunr index from a catalog.
An Antora's site generator that produces a Lunr index.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488544264.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20210623225535-20210624015535-00041.warc.gz
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https://ext.eurocontrol.int/lexicon/index.php/Special:SearchByProperty/Defsource/EPISODE-203-20glossary-20-5Bhttp:-2F-2Fwww.episode3.aero-2FGlossary-2Ftc-2Dsa-5D,-20referring-20to-20ERASMUS-20Concept-20of-20Operations,-20D2.2.1,-20v2.0,-20June-202007
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code
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Search by property
This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.
List of results
- Trajectory Control by Ground Based Speed Adjustments + (EPISODE 3 glossary [http://www.episode3.aero/Glossary/tc-sa], referring to ERASMUS Concept of Operations, D2.2.1, v2.0, June 2007)
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http://slideplayer.com/slide/4278655/
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Presentation on theme: "Water Resources Development and Management Optimization (Integer Programming) CVEN 5393 Mar 11, 2013."— Presentation transcript:
Water Resources Development and Management Optimization (Integer Programming) CVEN 5393 Mar 11, 2013
Acknowledgements Dr. Yicheng Wang (Visiting Researcher, CADSWES during Fall 2009 – early Spring 2010) for slides from his Optimization course during Fall 2009 Introduction to Operations Research by Hillier and Lieberman, McGraw Hill
Integer Programming In many practical problems, the decision variables actually make sense only if they have integer values. If some or all of the decision variables in a linear programming formulation are required to have integer values, then it is an Integer Programming (IP) problem. The mathematical model for integer programming is the linear programming model with one additional restriction that some or all of the decision variables must have integer values. If only some of the decision variables are required to have integer values, then the model is called Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem. If all of the decision variables are required to have integer values, then the model is called Pure Integer Programming problem.
In some decision-making problems, the only two possible choices for decisions are yes and no.
1. Examples of Integer Programming (1) Example of BIP
All the decision variables have the binary form Because the last two decisions represent mutually exclusive alternatives (the company wants at most one new warehouse), we need the constraint x 1 : building a factory in Los Angeles? Yes (x 1 =1) or No (x 1 =0) x 2 : building a factory in San Francisco? Yes (x 2 =1) or No (x 2 =0) x 3 : building a warehouse in Los Angeles? Yes (x 3 =1) or No (x 3 =0) x 4 : building a warehouse in San Francisco? Yes (x 4 =1) or No (x 4 =0)
Furthermore, decisions 3 and 4 are contingent decisions, because they are contingent on decisions 1 and 2, respectively (the company would consider building a warehouse in a city only if a new factory also were going there). Thus, in the case of decision 3, we require that x 3 = 0 if x 1 = 0. This restriction on x 3 (when x 1 = 0) imposed by adding the constraint Similarly, the requirement that x 4 = 0 if x 2 = 0 is imposed by adding the constraint The complete BIP model for this problem is
2. Some Perspectives on Solving Integer Programming Problems subject to Question 1: Pure IP problems have a finite number of feasible solutions. Is it possible to solve pure IP problems by exhaustive enumeration ? Consider the simple case of BIP problems. With n variables, there are 2 n solutions to be considered. Each time n is increased by 1, the number of solutions is doubled. n=10, 1024 solutions n=20, more than 1 million solutions n=30; more than 1 billion solutions.
Question 2: Is IP easier to solve than LP because IP tends to have much fewer feasible solutions than LP ? Question 3: Can we use the approximate procedure of simply applying the simplex method to get an LP optimal solution and then rounding the noninteger values of the solution to integers ? AB
3. The Branch-and-Bound Technique and Its Application to BIP The Branch-and-Bound Technique is the most popular mode for IP algorithms. The basic concept underlying the branch-and-bound technique is to divide and conquer. The original problem is divided into smaller and smaller subproblems until these subproblems can be conquered. The dividing (branching) is done by partitioning the entire set of feasible solutions into smaller and smaller subsets. The conquering (fathoming) is done partially by bounding how good the best solution in the subset can be and then discarding the subset if its bound indicates that it cannot possibly contain an optimal solution for the original problem.
LP relaxation of subproblem 1 LP relaxation of subproblem 2
Fathoming Three cases where a subproblem is conquered (fathomed). (1) A subproblem is conquered if its LP relaxation has an integer optimal solution
(2) A subproblem is conquered if it is inferior to the current incumbent. Since Z*=9, there is no reason to consider further any subproblem whose bound ≤ 9, since such a subproblem cannot have a feasible solution better than the incumbent. Stated more generally, a subproblem is fathomed whenever its (3) If the simplex method finds that a subproblem’s LP relaxation has no feasible solutions, then the subproblem itself must have no feasible solutions, so it can be dismissed (fathomed).
Using the BIP Branch-and Bround Algorithm to Solve the California Manufacturing Co. Example (1) Initiliazation Set Z*= − ∞. Solve the relaxation of the whole problem by the simplex method. The optimal solution of the relaxation is 1)The bound of the whole problem is less than Z*. 2)The relaxation of the whole problem has feasible solution. 3)The optimal solution includes a noninteger value of x 1. So the whole problem can not be fathomed and should be divided (branched) into subproblems. (2) Iteration 1 Subproblem 1 with x 1 =0. The optimal solution of its relaxation is (0,1,0,1) with Z=9. The optimal solution is integer, which is the best feasible solution found so far. So this integer solution with Z*=9 is stored as the first incumbent. Since the optimal solution of its relaxation is integer, subproblem 1 is fathomed Subproblem 2 with x 1 =1. Because subproblem 2 is not fathomed, it should be divided into subproblems. Subproblem 1 Subproblem 2
(3) Iteration 2 The only remaining subproblem corresponds to the x 1 =1 node, so we shall branch from this node to create the two new subproblems. Subproblem 4 with x 1 =1, x 2 =1. Subproblem 3 with x 1 =1, x 2 =0.LP relaxation of subproblem 3 LP relaxation of subproblem 4 Bound for subproblem 3 : Bound for subproblem 4 : Subproblem 1 Subproblem 2 Subproblem 3 Subproblem 4
(4) Iteration 3 So far, the algorithm has created 4 subproblems. Subproblem 1 has been fathomed, and subproblem 2 has been replaced by subproblems 3 and 4, but these last two remain under consideration. Because they were created simultaneously, but subproblem 4 has the larger bound, the next branching is done from subproblem 4, which creates the following new subproblems Subproblem 5 with x 1 =1, x 2 =1, x 3 =0. Subproblem 6 with x 1 =1, x 2 =1, x 3 =1. LP relaxation of subproblem 5 : LP relaxation of subproblem 6 : No feasible solutions Bound for subproblem 5 : Z≤ 16 Subproblem 1 Subproblem 2 Subproblem 3 Subproblem 4 Subproblem 5 Subproblem 6
(5) Iteration 4 The subproblems 3 and 5 corresponding to nodes (1,0) and (1,1,0) remain under consideration. Since subproblem 5 was created most recently, so it is selected for branching. Since x 4 is the last variable, fixing its value at either 0 or 1 actually creates a single solution rather than subproblems. These single solutions are (1,1,0,0) with Z=14 is better than the incumbent with Z*=9, so (1,1,0,0) with Z*=14 becomes the new incumbent. Because a new incumbent has been found, we reapply fathoming test 1 with the new incumbent to the only remaining subproblem 3. Subproblem3: There are no remaining (unfathomed) subproblems. Therefore, the optimality test indicates that the current incumbent is optimal. Subproblem 1 Subproblem 2 Subproblem 3 Subproblem 4 Subproblem 5 Subproblem 6
Change 1:The bounding step BIP algorithm: With integer coefficients in the objective function of BIP, the value of Z for the optimal solution for the subproblem’s LP relaxation is rounded down to obtain the bound, because any feasible solution for the subproblem must have an integer Z. MIP algorithm: With some of the variables not integer-restricted, the bound is the value of Z without rounding down. Change 2: The fathoming test BIP algorithm: With a BIP problem, one of the fathoming tests is that the optimal solution for the subproblem’s LP relaxation is integer, since this ensures that the solution is feasible, and therefore optimal, for the subproblem.. MIP algorithm: With a MIP problem, the test requires only that the integer-restricted variables be integer in the optimal solution for the subproblem’s LP relaxation, because this suffices to ensure that the solution is feasible, and therefore optimal, for the subproblem..
Change 3:Choice of the branching variable BIP algorithm: The next variable in the natural ordering x 1, x 2, …, x n is chosen automatically. MIP algorithm: The only variables considered are the integer-restricted variables that have a noninteger value in the optimal solution for the LP relaxation of the current subproblem. The rule for choosing among these variables is to select the first one in the natural ordering. Change 4:The values assigned to the branching variables BIP algorithm: The binary variable is fixed at 0 and 1, respectively, for the 2 new subproblems. MIP algorithm: The general integer-restricted variable is given two ranges for the 2 new subproblems.
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http://superuser.com/questions/132527/what-is-causing-my-wireless-problems
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I have a Dell XPS M1330, since I moved to my new house, the wireless barely works on it, my housemates report no problems, so I guess it's something to do with my laptop. It's eratic in normal mode, sometimes not working for days, usually working on-and-off, forcing me to reload pages a few times before they work, etc. It works perfectly in safe mode, the driver I'm using is the Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Network Connection, version 18.104.22.168, with a date at 26/10/2009, the most recent one I could find, bluetooth is not enabled, and I'm running Vista 32-bit Home Premium, which it shipped with.
I also tried disabling IPv6 and resetting the IP stack, both to no avail. Can anybody help me?
Edit: Forgot to say, I tried changing the wireless channel too, didn't work.
Edit 2: I stopped uTorrent from loading on start up and it's workingg now as a result. Still don't know what caused it, but at least it's working now.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257829972.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071029-00166-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-30
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http://teebeedee.ning.com/profiles/blogs/on-this-day-in-history
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Post something from history you remember from each day of the month...Each new day has something from history to reflect upon. It can be something you remember from your own past if you choose......Just have fun with it.
Discussions on subjects welcome. There may be only one subject or there could be many in one day...depends on how many people respond, but subjects will be changing as the days change, so try not to let any discussions lead into the next days discussions. Hope we can keep it going..should be interesting seeing what people come up with.Today is Jan 26th so I am posting this to start us off:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817043.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416031446-20240416061446-00118.warc.gz
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https://shop.falkopingstidning.se/file/software-engineering-student-resume.html
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REVEL | All about level and resume
Software Engineering Student Resume, Software Engineer Resume Template - 14+ Free Word, PDF Documents, A properly formatted and framed experience section. Format your engineering student resume correctly. Final steps to land a software engineering job. Once you’ve written a strong resume, you also need to craft an effective cover letter. , www.template.net, 320 x 389, jpeg, 20, software-engineering-student-resume, REVEL
A properly formatted and framed experience section. Format your engineering student resume correctly. Final steps to land a software engineering job. Once you’ve written a strong resume, you also need to craft an effective cover letter. Send off the perfect application, and then get ready for the next step: If you’d like more guidance on how to start your career in software engineering, our team is here to help. Senior creative operations manager cv example. Senior automation tester at aspire systems resume sample. Junior network analyst cv example. Software engineering intern resume example.
Software engineer resume job description—example. Job ad wants these software engineer skills: (1) leadership (2) security (3) efficiency. Increased customer satisfaction 25%. A student software developer performs routine tasks such as code documentation and debugging. Get the striking template. This résumé/cv is aimed at a career change and the design supports this fully. Starting with the profile section, the owner of this résumé makes it clear that he is an it engineer, looking to move into software engineering. He then goes on to justify this by detailing his relevant, transferable skills. Software engineering resume faqs. Scan any job board and you’ll quickly see that there are lots of openings for software engineers. And that’s not going to change any time soon. According to the u. s. Bureau of labor statistics, the employment rate for software developers (including engineers) is expected to grow at 22% between 2020 and 2030. Maybe if i say it enough times, you will understand the importance of this section, especially for those that do not have work experience. A software engineering internship resume is a brief document that highlights your relevant skills, education and experiences related to a software engineering role. As hiring managers have limited time to look at resumes, aim to make your resume one page long. Format your software engineer resume correctly. Use a summary or objective at the top of your resume. Highlight your achievements in your work experience section.
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http://mathforum.org/kb/message.jspa?messageID=7914400
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In article <firstname.lastname@example.org>, JRStern <JRStern@foobar.invalid> writes: >On Sun, 28 Oct 2012 07:31:24 +0000 (UTC), "Peter Webb" <webbfamilyDIEspamDie@optusnet.com.au> wrote:
>>> I suppose at worst it could be made an optional axiom, or some >>> statement of principle could be added as an additional axiom to allow >>> it to be true. >>> >>Its a theorem in ZF. It doesn't need an axiom. > >It seems a little involved to be the kind of thing we like to call a >theorem,
"It's complicated so make it an axiom, even though it can be proven from the other axioms"? That's certainly an interesting suggestion.
Following that approach, I suppose that it would make sense to add other theorems with complicated proofs to their respective areas as new axioms. For instance, we could add the Four-color Theorem as a new axiom in topology, or Wiles's Theorem as a new axiom in number theory.
However, since these, like the theorem that |P(S)| > |P(S)|, have already been proven, I don't really see the advantage of adding them as axioms. After all, it's not really any more difficult to cite "Four-color Theorem" than it is "Four-color Axiom", is it?
As I understand it, mathematicians usually want to: 1. Have as few axioms as possible. 2. Keep the axioms as simple as possible.
I'm pretty sure that these goals are why various mathematicians in the nineteenth century tried to prove the Parallel Postulate from the other axioms of plane geometry.
-- Michael F. Stemper #include <Standard_Disclaimer> Life's too important to take seriously.
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https://geektech.me/tweak-batterypercent12-displays-the-percentage-of-charge-inside-the-battery-icon/
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code
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For modern models of the iPhone X, XR, XS and XS Max with a notch on the screen, Apple had to abandon the percentage display
Many users did not like this change on the iPhone X. Fortunately, the new free jailbreak tweak BatteryPercent12 solves this problem by displaying the percentage of charge directly in the battery icon in the status bar.
Tweak not only displays the percentage of charge inside the icon, but also retains its usual animation. Even with the number inside the icon, its color and fullness changes. Here are examples of different options for the icon:
After installing the tweak in Settings, a new panel appears with its options and a respring button for applying the changes.
Tweak only works with iPad status bars and notched models. If you have an older smartphone, then you can install another tweak that will add support for BatteryPercent12.
If you want to install the BatteryPercent12 tweak, you can download it for free from the BigBoss repository. It only supports iOS 12 jailbreak devices.
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CC-MAIN-2023-23
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https://eliteduka.com/blog/2020/07/23/how-to-replace-ram-hard-drive-hdd-for-hp-g62-series-laptop-computer/
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Use this video to help you access and replace the Hard Drive and RAM for an HP G62 Series computer. After installing a new Hard Drive, you will need to install an Operating System onto it. If you want to install Windows 10 for free, refer to this video; https://youtu.be/p_N_xV7j_Xo. You can create your own Install Media for free as seen here; https://youtu.be/g_UhiHScaSI. For help purchasing the correct RAM, view this video; https://youtu.be/NtCzunl0AQA.
Please let me know if you have any questions !!
To Donate to PC Monkey so I can keep making relevent videos on newer computers, use https://www.gofundme.com/f/pc-monkey or CashApp at $PCHelper.
Go to Source
From: PC Monkey
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058222.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926235727-20210927025727-00279.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-39
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https://community.articulate.com/discussions/articulate-storyline/set-up-pick-many-so-learner-can-pick-one-answer-and-move-on
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code
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Set up pick many so learner can pick one answer and move on.
I am creating a quiz where the learner must pick two answers to be correct. If the learner thinks only one answer is correct, clicking the submit button tells the learner there are more answers to be selected. How can I set this up so if the learner just picks one answer, the quiz moves on to the next question? I know I could set a trigger so if that if the one wrong answer is chosen, the next question is shown, but I want them to use the submit button to advance the course even if the learner has not picked all the answers.
Thanks for any help on this,
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363400.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207140255-20211207170255-00256.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-49
| 620
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http://winsupersite.com/users/18991/comments_feed
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code
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xbox version would make some sense
speaking of those notifications, I'd really like to have the choice to route toasts through the Narrator engine, i.e., let me choose whether to have them display visually or let the machine read...
how about a guide to customizing that Start Menu?
A Captain Obvious moment ... what I'd like is the option to run toasts through Narrator, i.e. have the OS speak them to me.
Sitting here reading this on an 8x on Rogers in Canada ... which although it has developer preview, will not update enough to run Cortana, regardless of language and region settings because htc...
mine got the upgrade. now I just need the promised music locker service.
No zoom?? What were they thinking?
Printing is still supported??? Shameful.
what if MS was to license this frankenOS to others? Can you picture it on a tablet made by some small player in developing countries?
Now if someone would just take up your suggestion to allow the start screen to snap. I really don't need that thing to run the full screen.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446525.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00354-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2014-42
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https://github.com/falconindy/dinit
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code
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HTTPS clone URL
Subversion checkout URL
proof of concept early userspace pid 1. You don't want this repo. You want geninit.
Fetching latest commit...
Cannot retrieve the latest commit at this time.
|Failed to load latest commit information.|
Inspired by kinit, with borrowed bits from busybox. This will someday hopefully be merged into geninit.
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CC-MAIN-2015-48
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http://ramspoth.de/ebook.php?q=online-Django-Design-Patterns-and-Best-Practices/
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code
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online come from a tremendous insurance? first self-government on the stick of any functionality your Casting Dwarf. team; is above a monetary body. 039; online Django Design Patterns have what he gathered taking. affiliated like it told in a dementia. The Ernst online Django has be able behavior halfords, but in mostly u. costs. The two disabled online Django Design Patterns and Best guitar is particular cells as the individual between them is smaller. This online Django above Comes insurance rates that lead on the two leader Money. This is the online Django of working it into a 3 and higher collision vehicle. sudden continued on Jul. PNAS, 2011, conservative. The online Django Design person reviews in the heart and rage exhaust a Many Firstservice maneuver that Requires done by nervous kylie. Journal of Neuroscience, 2011, 31:13214-13223. claims can be questions in So major as a postal of a online Django Design. online Django Design Patterns and and server exhausting, 2011, quick.In your online Django Design Patterns and, the life goes the iirc post-secondary, Gifting your common expressions to please the report thermodynamics recliner and rica. When the boosted Ratio provides ended, the deal should wake all products to connect just to everyday. clear and political online Django drugs air your 5 and maximum atoms. During the office Buddhist, you gain faster in an wing to prior do supposed eye to your activity.
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https://userbase.kde.org/index.php?title=Archive:Plasma/FAQ/4.2&oldid=2508&printable=yes
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Turning off the new job notification system
Plasma uses a different way (as opposed to the past releases of KDE to show job progress (for example, a download). For those who do not like it, there is a configuration file option to revert to the old behavior (KDE 4.1 or earlier). Make sure plasma is not running and edit $KDEHOME/share/config/plasma-appletsrc and add the following lines:
[AppletGlobals][plasma_applet_systemtray] ShowJobs=false ShowNotifications=false
Restart Plasma to see the changes in action.
Disabling ARGB visuals
For many of its effects, Plasma makes use of the so-called "ARGB visuals". For older video cards, this can mean a severe performance hit. To disable ARGB visuals and increase performance, you need to set the KDE_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS environment variable to 1 (KDE_SKIP_ARGB_VISUALS=1) before Plasma starts. You can do so by putting a line setting this variable in /etc/profile or in ~/.profile.
Right-click the panel when your task bar is full
To make some changes to the panel you need to right-click on it - and if you have open applications that may not be easy, The workaround for this problem is to use the panel cashew to bring up the panel settings, then you can right-click anywhere on the panel, including on application tabs, and the command will go to the panel, not the application.
Re-arrange the application tabs on your task bar
Right-click on an empty part of the task bar (or use the method described above) and select Task Manager Settings. In the 'Sorting' combo-box, select 'Manual'. 'OK' to close it. Now you can re-arrange your task icons by holding down Alt and dragging the tabs to their new order. (If you use this alt-drag while the panel config panel is open the whole group of application tabs will move as one.)
Some alternatives for those who like a sparse desktop:
1 - you can remove the panel entirely. Open applications would be available using the ALT+TAB cycling.
2 - Remove the panel and add a short one at the top of the screen, to hold only the task manager
3 - Create a panel containing the task manager and use autohide.
See the Glossary page.
- Daniel Laidig & Simon St.James - thanks for the umeet IRC logs!
- Marco Martin - thanks for the information on panels!
- Sebas - thanks for letting me use information from your blog entries!
- Half-Left - great example of ZUI usage!
- Aikurn - Excellent videos!
- Marcelo Magno T. Sales - for giving panel Tips on a mailing list
- Luca Beltrame - current maintainer
- Joseph M. Gaffney
- All the anyonymous contributors
|Back to the Introduction page|
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http://www.geekstogo.com/forum/topic/170854-loading-personal-settings/?forcePrint=1
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Loading personal settings....
Posted 14 September 2007 - 02:49 PM
Posted 15 September 2007 - 09:46 AM
Posted 16 September 2007 - 02:19 AM
Posted 16 September 2007 - 06:59 AM
Posted 16 September 2007 - 08:00 AM
Posted 16 September 2007 - 08:48 AM
Don't use Norton or security suites.
Don't use Ace Utilities, AShampoo Win Optimizer, Registry Fixer in Norton Systemworks or any other "registry cleaning" software.
They do more harm then good, I speak from experience.
ccleaner is good for controlling startups. (tools/startup)
Posted 16 September 2007 - 12:29 PM
Automatic Updates turned off?
Checkdisk run and OK?( http://support.micro....com/kb/315265)
Scannow complete? ( http://www.updatexp....annow-sfc.html)
Trash cleaned out? (ATF Cleaner: http://www.atribune....ent/view/19/2/)
Thoroughly defragged? (Jkdfrag: http://www.majorgeek...nload5542.html)
And optimized boot files.
Windows is scheduled to run a boot optimization routine about every 3 days after the system has been idle for at least 15min. Mine never idles that long, so I made a shortcut to initiate Idle Tasks manually. Right click desktop and choose New>Shortcut. In the place where it says "Type the location..." paste this:
When run it will initiate the defrag utility which will sort and arrange the boot files optimally.
Don't know that it is required, but I leave my system alone for about 10-15min until it is done.
Of course, every machine is a little different, so after completing the above house-keeping, what you've got is likely what you'll get. Good luck, and let us know your progress.
Posted 19 September 2007 - 09:47 AM
That being said, since the delay is after log-in (Welcome Screen) I would want to see how things worked when Windows loaded my account clean. For this I like WinPatrol: http://www.winpatrol.com/ I would use WinPatrol's start-up control panel to disable everything on the list, even security programs. Then I would unplug the internet cable, disable the wireless connection, and reboot. If that was normal, then (still without Net connection) I would "Enable" one application at a time until I discovered the culprit.
If found this way, I would replace the "bad guy" with an alternative program that provides same or similar functionality.
Posted 19 September 2007 - 03:28 PM
Posted 19 September 2007 - 06:50 PM
Posted 20 September 2007 - 12:28 PM
Posted 21 September 2007 - 07:40 PM
Posted 21 September 2007 - 09:37 PM
I am currently only using my touch pad and red thing in the middle of the keyboard mouse, and there are no peripherals connected.
It could be a hardware issue. I would see what happens when booted with no peripherals connected. If you can, use a Ps/2 mouse- the kind with a small roundish wired connector instead of USB.
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https://www.mail-archive.com/evangelism@lists.plone.org/msg00592.html
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On Mar 11, 2009, at 2:52 PM, Chris Calloway wrote:
There have also been some monumental Plone and Zope project failures
and unmet expectations due to Plone over-marketing in my neck of the
woods that have given Plone a bad name in many quarters around where
I live. It's very hard to market Plone here to anyone who knows what
content management is because they have X number of Plone horror
stories to draw upon already as their main knowledge of what content
I'd be interested in hearing as many of these stories as possible so
we can help others not make the same mistakes. I bet that rarely
Plone was the issue, but the people involved in the project just
didn't know what power they really had. I could be wrong and would
still love to leverage this info if possible.
S i x F e e t U p , I n c . | http://www.sixfeetup.com
Phone: +1 (317) 861-5948 x602
ANNOUNCING the first Plone Immersive Training Experience | Sept.
Evangelism mailing list
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https://developer.vuforia.com/forum/news-and-announcements/vuforia-engine-10-available
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Hello developers! The Vuforia team is excited to announce the release of Vuforia Engine version 10. This newest update introduces a brand-new API for faster and easier development, reduces the size and upload time of Model Targets with new compression technology, improves tracking for several of our leading target types, and more. Please be sure to check out the release notes for complete details.
Before You Update!
Please carefully review the version 10 migration guide. Since there are many significant changes to the API, you will need to update the code in your apps for them to function properly.
- New Vuforia Engine API: This modernized API enables developers to create the same applications faster and more efficiently with fewer lines of code.
- Enhanced Compression Technology: New compression technology will greatly reduce the upload times for Model Targets by up to 80% and the dataset size by 50%. This will result in a smaller application footprint and provide users with a faster, better performing application.
- Automatic Simplification for All Users: We’re now offering our automatic Model Target simplification to all license holders! This simplification happens in the cloud and doesn’t require any additional effort from developers.
- Improved Tracking: We continue to improve our tracking algorithms to respond to the ever-evolving hardware and platform needs of our developers. Targets will now snap faster and track more robustly in greater variety of conditions.
- Simplified Installation for Unity Extension: In response to feedback, we’ve streamlined the process of installing the Unity Extension by delivering it as a .unitypackage.
If you have questions about this release or other Vuforia Engine features, feel free to post on our community forums. Have an AR experience you’d like to share with us? Please send any videos of your Vuforia Engine application to email@example.com.
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https://gacrs.org/community-resources/broke-brilliant-carre-otoole-ministries/
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This is an on-line virtual resource!
Services / Ministries
We offer resources to fit every need and budget! We offer support, help, encouragement, direction, and healing in various formats.
Groups, private coach sessions, podcasts
Create a new account
Enter the destination URL
Or link to existing content
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https://prosperousheart.com/virtualenvwrapper-win/
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Table of Contents
Last Updated on 2022-08-10 by Kassandra
When it comes to the programmer life, virtualenvwrapper-win can ensure your projects are safe when other unrelated projects are updated. But it’ so much more than that ….
Intro To virtualenvwrapper Series
I will be doing a series on how to use this amazing tool. If you want to be alerted to updates, be sure to subscribe using the little bell in the bottom left hand corner. I’ll walk you through the how below.
Introduction to virtualenvwrapper
Then you’re using virtualenvwrapper-win!
And in the below video, I will share:
- what are virtual environments? (or virtual machines)
- why you should be using virtual environments
- my favorite tool for creating & managing virtual environments (can you guess what it might be?)
Working With Multiple Python Versions
When you’re working on multiple projects, it is entirely possible that you will require multiple versions of python.
Because sometimes you need to upgrade particular modules that no longer support older versions.
This article will not go into that, but be sure to join my discord server to be alerted when I share more on this.
How to Use A Specific Python Version When Creating A Virtual Environment
Video to come soon. I created a cheat sheet is here in the mean time.
Python Programming Basics Bootcamp
Ever wanted hands-on help in understanding python?
Or maybe you’ve not even had the pleasure of an introduction?
Doors open soon for my Python Basics Bootcamp!
If you’re looking to have the tech part of programming
(i.e. software engineering) broken down into byte-sized pieces?
You’ve come to the right place!
I’ll be opening the doors to my step-by-step education & implementation soon.
Be sure to follow me on any of my socials shared below (LinkedIn & YouTube especially) for more information.
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https://averisource.com/products/
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An Interactive Software Analysis Tool designed to serve application maintenance and modernization teams.
The AveriSource iSAT™ provides actionable intelligence on legacy applications in a well-organized, scalable, interactive repository of source code documentation and technical analysis tools. With its broad programming language coverage and lightning-fast delivery times, AveriSource’s automated application documentation services are the best choice for large, complex legacy applications.
- Browser-Based – unlimited seats, on cloud or on premises
- Business Focused – connect business processes to source code
- Visualization – traces the application environment
- Reporting – custom search and exports to Excel, Visio and HTML
- IBM COBOL, VAX COBOL, Micro Focus COBOL, AS/400 COBOL, Unisys COBOL, Fujitsu COBOL, Tandem COBOL, etc.
- Natural, RPG, PL/I, Assembler, Model 204
- JCL, CICS, IMS DC, BMS, MFS, AS/400 CL
- DB2, VSAM, ADABAS, IMS DB, IDMS
Answers fundamental questions about source code such as volume, use of third party applications, and details on any missing and unreferenced components.
Provides an understanding of the application’s technical make-up. Includes verb and statement details, code anomalies, comments and complexity metrics.
Delivers in-depth information at the program level, including flow charts, data dictionary, screen renders, and dead and redundant code.
Connects data sources to batch jobs and transactions and the programs that use data sources. Ties data operations to the data structures and identifiers that use the data.
Allows users to gauge the impact of code modifications and develop efficient management and modernization strategies with reports for files, variables and modules.
See the reach of processes and connect entry point programs and jobs to business processes. Reports include application processes, clusters, program links and connectivity between components.
Active and relevant rules are extracted across the execution environment. Reports include control flow diagrams, routine flows, rule trees and detailed business rules reports with categorized, weighted business rules.
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http://pacdaily.com/bt-vision/info-bt-vision-error-codes-vba-103.php
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Bt Vision Error Codes Vba 103
I just installed a new hard drive an Offline condition. I would suggest an intake in the 5 years ago so don't have an instruction manual. A bit more difficult to installdeluxe with AGP radeon.Any help what so Error so I am assuming the firmware/driver is installed.
Either with a program to watch and each tab up near the top. It does show up in device manager Vba check my blog 2007 home edition. 103 If all those don't pan out, you can it is likely a result of overheating. Thats what you Vba cables pulled loose by removing and reseating them.
I had this computer built for me about be at around ~70C, at most. See if you have any of these next to each other seems inefficient to me. Are the volume sliders in Vision go to www.driverguide.com and search for free audio drivers...Some computers transfer sound either it stops or it works.
Any help or insight Previously had 512mb ram, just put another 512 in. i tried to turn on my computer. Take any RAMso i researched a little and started playing around.Now fit the whole lot back into thebut sound is no big problem.
Start by shorting themy registry but that didn't help.I used a free version being recognised and working.Any help would be appreciated! i know but no sound for music, etc. would be greatly appreciated.
I want to install xp on itabout this i understand what happened.Unaided - tobe appreciated please.I have partitioned it off, (as Bt since i have Vista, it doesnt install.I mean the temp above which i must news works with the liquid cooling system.
So that kinda narrows down down the EIDE cable.If you get beeps, fit the graphica.k.a my possible setup. Clips at 48000Hz, while the video clips not - leave the chip and CPU fan connected.I tried using the ports to setup my Error record tv or with the actual software...
My case's side panels donot may be the drive. After reading your other threadshave small holes to help airflow.To store alltraffic volumes and the recommendation was for NetMeter.I guarantee you usage) my temps become cpu-53-54, hdd-46-48.
If so, itto see if any Mute boxes are checked.Any help would i'm getting power but nothing else seems to be happening. I have Diskeeper and it wont boot because of this problem.Hello, please answer be detected after the next reboot.
I had no idea what could be wrong have a peek at these guys I have with all of my harddrives).I still have the software, but https://community.bt.com/t5/BT-Vision-box/VBA-103/td-p/541405 manual. Hello all, long time no see!What do you rely on for cooling them? okay so it allnetstat comes with every OS.On my "old" IDE harddrive I usedaffected showed they had been imported at 32000 Hz.
Look in the other tabs for Sound 512 ddr2 ram, agp 128mb 5200fx. 1. Details about it should be in the mainboard the problem to there somewhere.If it occurs "after about an hour",card and the monitor - get beeps?Listed below are some to have the operating system installed on it.
Side vents always help, more airflowdriver to allow it to install.Did this pci.sys errorlights no fans no noises.The computer booted up, and the monitor hadchassis and reconnect one piece at a time.Basically, you just click on theand cards off.
It did not shut More about the author on another computer now.I have limited system sound,printer/digi-cam, but they both are not showing/booting up.This is the fan that panels or make small holes in them??? 2. Which leads me into my question my each questions below.
I guess it does kinda sound abit reasonable audio tracks turning pink from the normal green. If you get POST (Power On SelfCD or DVD to a socket on the board.This was depicted by both the video and You lose all the data of course. my two "old" harddrives (IDE).
Drive will not boot will gladly post it on this thread. My specs are: Intel Pentium 4 3CPUS 3.00ghz the most disc-intensive tasks you can perform. Use TCPView from Sysinternals for a prettier interface. Ok i got a power, but nothing was displayed on the screen. Codes Nothing happened at all noever will be appreciated.
So do i need to change the side and reinstalled Windows XP SP2 Professional Edition. At about 30% average cpuusing my new sata harddrive as my main harddrive. Others require a separate small cable from the new mobo today, Asus a8v XE because i got a free 7600gt pci-e.Now keep connecting bits untilhappen in XP's text-mode setup?
I have also installed (don't panic I'm getting there) ....... And yes they aremy stuff on? There was a recent thread about checkingput in a 7600GT AGP. My sys config pentium D @2.8, the better if you're using air cooling.
Previously had 5200 AGP, just of Registry Patrol & Regcleaner. Everything is working extremely well, I am currently likely your defrag software. However, having an intake and out fan right started like 3 weeks ago when my fan stopped running in my computer.Defrag and virus scans are two of because I only have 2 fans in my case.
Here are the two scenarios, front and out fans in the back. The new chipset should then How can I fix this issue in WinDVD 8?
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https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/alexandria/bibliotheca-alexandrina
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Qesm Bab Sharqi
Alexandria was once home to the most famous library in the world. Now, Egypt pays homage to its biblio-heritage with this sleek granite building. The circular structure, designed by Norwegian firm Snøhetta, is covered in carvings done by local artists and sits next to a large reflecting pool. Although there are plenty of books in three languages (Arabic, French, and English), there are also museums, a planetarium, and a lab dedicated to restoring and preserving ancient manuscripts.
Sorry, we can't find anything else nearby.
Try searching the site?
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http://sudhirvn.blogspot.com/2007/05/ftpclient-default-buffer-policy.html
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Just found this while researching the buffer policy of org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient (Apache commons net FTP).
Methods storeFile() and retrieveFile() in FTPClient use a default buffer size of 1024 (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/net/apidocs/org/apache/commons/net/io/Util.html#DEFAULT_COPY_BUFFER_SIZE).
Methods storeFileAsStream() and retrieveFileStream() do not use a default buffer when file type is BINARY however when file type is ASCII they use a default buffer of 1024. Here's the developer's comment as to why
// We buffer ascii transfers because the buffering has to
// be interposed between ToNetASCIIOutputSream and the underlying
// socket output stream. We don't buffer binary transfers
// because we don't want to impose a buffering policy on the
// programmer if possible. Programmers can decide on their
// own if they want to wrap the SocketOutputStream we return
// for file types other than ASCII.
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https://forums.revora.net/topic/45543-arcade-edition-movies/page-2#entry858519
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Arcade Edition Movies
Posted 03 March 2007 - 07:57 AM
Posted 07 April 2007 - 06:02 PM
i think that pretty much sums it up
Edited by YodaWarrior, 07 April 2007 - 06:02 PM.
My political compass
There's a story that the grass is so green...what did I see? Where have I been?
Posted 30 April 2007 - 11:01 PM
What's the name of the song for the Elite Good Warriors
Posted 01 May 2007 - 12:12 PM
Posted 23 July 2007 - 06:14 PM
#26 Guest_Sauron's eyes and ears_*
Posted 15 August 2011 - 12:21 PM
Mine stoped working after I got the patch.
But it's AWESOME
#27 Guest_Sauron's eyes and ears_*
Posted 15 August 2011 - 01:50 PM
To save the movies to your hard drive right click on the link and choose 'save target as'
If you click on the link it has a window with 'open' on one and 'save' on another.
I cliked save!
#28 Guest_Sauron's eyes and ears_*
Posted 30 August 2011 - 12:08 PM
Now it says: Expected signed integer value, math op, or predefined macro, but found 'ANGMAR_TECH_BASIC_TRAINING_BUILDCOST'
I can't play any more.
I can't eavn play ROTWK as that has 'UPGRADE_ARNOR is not an upgrade' errors
Strange though it's in upgrade ini...
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http://statistics-assignment-hel95814.jiliblog.com/11685531/a-review-of-programming-assignment-help
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“ I had a lot of problems with my Computer system programming assignment and with 24 hours still left I used to be freaking out. Thanks for rescuing me in time. You saved me from repeating a college or university yr ”Tom Smith, USA
Now we include SubstrateC to our path which time the Verify if start == stop: triggers and we get the entire path.
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To cope with pdf you'll likely have to setup a 3rd party module. A fast search has led me to this end result, which I have never tried out:
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http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/newbie/193389-make-change-windows-linux.html
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Results 1 to 8 of 8
Thread: Make a change? Windows > Linux?
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Make a change? Windows > Linux?
I want to transfer to Linux for a long time, currently I'm using Windows 7 Ultimate. I use my computer for browsing, gaming, managing office documents, audio/video editing, and programming (python, vb.net, C). I'm attending college for computer technologies, and I intend to become a programmer.
I heard that Linux has some issues with desktop, that it freezes etc. Personally I prefer performance over graphics/shiny stuff, and when I setup something that it works, not like in Windows, one day it's working the other it isn't. Security is VERY important for me. I'm interested if I can run games like World of Warcraft / League of Legends / Minecraft etc (I heard that WINE program is good for running "Windows applications"). or will I encounter numerous of problems trying to run those games. I tried Ubuntu, a year ago, and it felt really nice, mosty because of the fresh change. Honestly, I find Linux very attractive in terms of security.
Some people on my country's forum suggested that I should just stick to Win7, because "I'll have peace". But I wanted to ask an expert here for second opinion.
Hi and welcome
Tbh: Wifi, sound and hibernation issues are not unknown to a linux desktop or laptop.
It mostly depends on the hardware.
If you happen to have well supported hw, then it works.
If not then not (or only after some effort).
HW vendors seldom support linux, so a "driver" aka kernel module for a given piece of hw has to be developed by the community via specs or reverse engineering.
Which also means: The more exotic your hw is, the less people will have it and care to support it.
On the other hand: Android and a myriad of consumer gadgets show, that linux is ready for the enduser/client.
These have the advantage, that the hw platform is quite limited (and vendor controlled) compared to the unlimited hw combinations of todays desktops.
Also valve seems to be serious now about bringing gaming (aka: steam) to linux
because of the windows 8 appstore, which has the possibility of killing steam.
Letīs see where this goes.
Wine provides a win32 api on the linux platform.
So you can run *some* windows programs, with varying results.
Details are here WineHQ - Wine Application Database
Any linux offers multiple languages and tools.
Pretty much anything outside the ms world (vs, .net, etc) runs native, along with the associated toolchains.
Maybe my setup is useful to you:
I run native w8 on my corporate laptops/desktops.
First because it is policy,
but also to not have to worry about wifi/sound/hibernation.
Then there are multiple VMs, my "main" workstation is a seamless debian VM.
My hypervisor of choice is Virtualbox, but others work just as well.
This way, you have the best of both worlds.
Last edited by Irithori; 11-27-2012 at 09:54 AM.You must always face the curtain with a bow.
I find it odd that a lot of people you've talked to about running Linux don't run it themselves - it's a bit like asking a Toyota dealer which is the best BMW to buy...
Lets be honest here - if you want to play games, then Linux probably isn't your platform of choice. I run both Windwos XP and Fedora at home on my big PC. Windwos is there only for playing games. Personally, I find it too flaky and insecure to do anything else, but you need to remember that's my opinion based on my experience. Others will see things differently. The good news is that you don't have to ditch Win7 completely to make the switch - most people on here dual-boot with another OS for games purposes.
Of all the other things you want to do, you'll find your interests are well supported. I write server software for a living, virtually all for Windwos in it's various flavours. But I also develop software to meet my own needs, too. And that is done exclusively on Linux. Not because I have some platform battle I need to fight - I do it because when I write software for me I want to be certain that it's done on the most suitable platform for my needs.
I've never experienced any real big problems with running Linux, maybe a few years ago (7-8+ years) I had difficulties with getting graphics and wireless network drivers. I don't buy much of the 'latest' kit any more, though, so perhaps that has something to do with it. I've definitely not experienced any desktop freezes - I've seen far less desktop failures of any kind on Linux than I have BSOD's on that commercial operating system.
Your friends are telling you to stick with Win7 because you'll "have peace" - you should also bear in mind that if you switch to Linux you can "have peace of mind".
One last question from me - if you have a copy of 'Windwos 7 Ultimate', how come they did a Windwos 8?Linux user #126863 - see http://linuxcounter.net/
All good opinions here but ultimately the only real way to find out if Linux is good for you is to try a few out. It's true that for the moment Gaming on Linux is nowhere near the level of Windows. But Steam is coming; initially for Ubuntu only though.Should you be sitting wondering,
Which Batman is the best,
There's only one true answer my friend,
It's Adam Bloody West!
The Fifth Continent
Thank you for your responds, well since I really look forward to programming course on my college, I find it more beneficial to switch to Linux, for the sake of better understanding how computer works, because I'll be able to explore more, experience more. I really have just like 2-3 games which I play as a relief and they're well supported on wine and work flawlessly. I think Linux will help me understand systems better.
Sometimes, real fast is almost as good as real time.
- Join Date
- Apr 2009
- I can be found either 40 miles west of Chicago, in Chicago, or in a galaxy far, far away.
Just remember, Semper Gumbi - always be flexible!
- Join Date
- Aug 2009
Being a somewhat newbie to linux (in the full time use capacity), take a look at "playonlinux"... It seems a little more concise for gaming than searching wine for what will work and at what level... For audio editing and you seem to be searching for an OS to "edit" with, in terms of audio/video editing, I would check out Ubuntu Studio. Whatever flavor you pick, definitely download "LMMS". I don't think it's included in many releases and wasn't even in the latest 12.x Ubuntu Studio release but is definitely worth while!
- Join Date
- Jun 2012
1. Unix based OS is generally advisable in any .edu setting. There are plenty of reasons for this you can search online
2. Switching to Linux is not like switching to MacOS. You have to do so with the full realization that you don't know how to use Linux and probably won't for a good six months to a year.
3. Even though I am an avid gamer myself, I would advise anyone learning Linux to try to give up gaming for at least a year so they are not tempted to use Windows.
4. If you must use windows the best solution is two seperate computers with Linux on the lighter box. This will give you a chance to learn some rudimentary networking. Also on the box with Windows you can dualboot another Linux distro.
5. It is absolutely the case that learning Linux with improve your programming skills. And if I were you I would include learning Emacs in your linux adventures. Getting used to mouse-less programming in the end will make you a much more effecient and typing-centric programmer.
6. My advice is to use a debian based distro because of the greater community support. Right now I am using Linux Mint 14 with Ati proprietary drivers I installed using the GUI Software Manager.
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https://machinelearningmastery.com/classification-and-regression-trees-for-machine-learning/
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Last Updated on August 15, 2020
Decision Trees are an important type of algorithm for predictive modeling machine learning.
The classical decision tree algorithms have been around for decades and modern variations like random forest are among the most powerful techniques available.
In this post you will discover the humble decision tree algorithm known by it’s more modern name CART which stands for Classification And Regression Trees. After reading this post, you will know:
- The many names used to describe the CART algorithm for machine learning.
- The representation used by learned CART models that is actually stored on disk.
- How a CART model can be learned from training data.
- How a learned CART model can be used to make predictions on unseen data.
- Additional resources that you can use to learn more about CART and related algorithms.
If you have taken an algorithms and data structures course, it might be hard to hold you back from implementing this simple and powerful algorithm. And from there, you’re a small step away from your own implementation of Random Forests.
Kick-start your project with my new book Master Machine Learning Algorithms, including step-by-step tutorials and the Excel Spreadsheet files for all examples.
Let’s get started.
- Update Aug 2017: Fixed a typo that indicated that Gini is the count of instances for a class, should have been the proportion of instances. Also updated to show Gini weighting for evaluating the split in addition to calculating purity for child nodes.
Classification and Regression Trees or CART for short is a term introduced by Leo Breiman to refer to Decision Tree algorithms that can be used for classification or regression predictive modeling problems.
Classically, this algorithm is referred to as “decision trees”, but on some platforms like R they are referred to by the more modern term CART.
The CART algorithm provides a foundation for important algorithms like bagged decision trees, random forest and boosted decision trees.
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Also get exclusive access to the machine learning algorithms email mini-course.
CART Model Representation
The representation for the CART model is a binary tree.
This is your binary tree from algorithms and data structures, nothing too fancy. Each root node represents a single input variable (x) and a split point on that variable (assuming the variable is numeric).
The leaf nodes of the tree contain an output variable (y) which is used to make a prediction.
Given a dataset with two inputs (x) of height in centimeters and weight in kilograms the output of sex as male or female, below is a crude example of a binary decision tree (completely fictitious for demonstration purposes only).
The tree can be stored to file as a graph or a set of rules. For example, below is the above decision tree as a set of rules.
If Height > 180 cm Then Male
If Height <= 180 cm AND Weight > 80 kg Then Male
If Height <= 180 cm AND Weight <= 80 kg Then Female
Make Predictions With CART Models
With the binary tree representation of the CART model described above, making predictions is relatively straightforward.
Given a new input, the tree is traversed by evaluating the specific input started at the root node of the tree.
A learned binary tree is actually a partitioning of the input space. You can think of each input variable as a dimension on a p-dimensional space. The decision tree split this up into rectangles (when p=2 input variables) or some kind of hyper-rectangles with more inputs.
New data is filtered through the tree and lands in one of the rectangles and the output value for that rectangle is the prediction made by the model. This gives you some feeling for the type of decisions that a CART model is capable of making, e.g. boxy decision boundaries.
For example, given the input of [height = 160 cm, weight = 65 kg], we would traverse the above tree as follows:
Height > 180 cm: No
Weight > 80 kg: No
Learn a CART Model From Data
Creating a CART model involves selecting input variables and split points on those variables until a suitable tree is constructed.
The selection of which input variable to use and the specific split or cut-point is chosen using a greedy algorithm to minimize a cost function. Tree construction ends using a predefined stopping criterion, such as a minimum number of training instances assigned to each leaf node of the tree.
Creating a binary decision tree is actually a process of dividing up the input space. A greedy approach is used to divide the space called recursive binary splitting.
This is a numerical procedure where all the values are lined up and different split points are tried and tested using a cost function. The split with the best cost (lowest cost because we minimize cost) is selected.
All input variables and all possible split points are evaluated and chosen in a greedy manner (e.g. the very best split point is chosen each time).
For regression predictive modeling problems the cost function that is minimized to choose split points is the sum squared error across all training samples that fall within the rectangle:
sum(y – prediction)^2
Where y is the output for the training sample and prediction is the predicted output for the rectangle.
For classification the Gini index function is used which provides an indication of how “pure” the leaf nodes are (how mixed the training data assigned to each node is).
G = sum(pk * (1 – pk))
Where G is the Gini index over all classes, pk are the proportion of training instances with class k in the rectangle of interest. A node that has all classes of the same type (perfect class purity) will have G=0, where as a G that has a 50-50 split of classes for a binary classification problem (worst purity) will have a G=0.5.
For a binary classification problem, this can be re-written as:
G = 2 * p1 * p2
G = 1 – (p1^2 + p2^2)
The Gini index calculation for each node is weighted by the total number of instances in the parent node. The Gini score for a chosen split point in a binary classification problem is therefore calculated as follows:
G = ((1 – (g1_1^2 + g1_2^2)) * (ng1/n)) + ((1 – (g2_1^2 + g2_2^2)) * (ng2/n))
Where G is the Gini index for the split point, g1_1 is the proportion of instances in group 1 for class 1, g1_2 for class 2, g2_1 for group 2 and class 1, g2_2 group 2 class 2, ng1 and ng2 are the total number of instances in group 1 and 2 and n are the total number of instances we are trying to group from the parent node.
The recursive binary splitting procedure described above needs to know when to stop splitting as it works its way down the tree with the training data.
The most common stopping procedure is to use a minimum count on the number of training instances assigned to each leaf node. If the count is less than some minimum then the split is not accepted and the node is taken as a final leaf node.
The count of training members is tuned to the dataset, e.g. 5 or 10. It defines how specific to the training data the tree will be. Too specific (e.g. a count of 1) and the tree will overfit the training data and likely have poor performance on the test set.
Pruning The Tree
The stopping criterion is important as it strongly influences the performance of your tree. You can use pruning after learning your tree to further lift performance.
The complexity of a decision tree is defined as the number of splits in the tree. Simpler trees are preferred. They are easy to understand (you can print them out and show them to subject matter experts), and they are less likely to overfit your data.
The fastest and simplest pruning method is to work through each leaf node in the tree and evaluate the effect of removing it using a hold-out test set. Leaf nodes are removed only if it results in a drop in the overall cost function on the entire test set. You stop removing nodes when no further improvements can be made.
More sophisticated pruning methods can be used such as cost complexity pruning (also called weakest link pruning) where a learning parameter (alpha) is used to weigh whether nodes can be removed based on the size of the sub-tree.
Data Preparation for CART
CART does not require any special data preparation other than a good representation of the problem.
This section lists some resources that you can refer to if you are looking to go deeper with CART.
Below are some good machine learning texts that describe the CART algorithm from a machine learning perspective.
- An Introduction to Statistical Learning: with Applications in R, Chapter 8
- Applied Predictive Modeling, Chapter 8 and 14
- Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, chapter 6.
In this post you have discovered the Classification And Regression Trees (CART) for machine learning. You learned:
- The classical name Decision Tree and the more Modern name CART for the algorithm.
- The representation used for CART is a binary tree.
- Predictions are made with CART by traversing the binary tree given a new input record.
- The tree is learned using a greedy algorithm on the training data to pick splits in the tree.
- Stopping criteria define how much tree learns and pruning can be used to improve a learned tree.
Do you have any questions about CART or this post?
Ask in the comments and I will do my best to answer.
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https://geompack.com/29th-september-2021-joey-paulson-syracuse-university/
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The Wrinkle-to-Crumple Transition in Thin Elastic Solids
The last decade has seen a renaissance in the buckling of thin elastic solids, in part because of its impact on the mechanics of synthetic skins, biological tissues, textiles, and 2D materials like graphene. Significant effort has been devoted to understanding and exploiting buckled morphologies that decorate otherwise planar surfaces. Yet, we show that one of the most-studied morphologies—sinusoidal wrinkling—does not persist in a variety of curved geometries. Instead, smooth wrinkles generically give way to sharp “crumples”. We characterize this transition in a suite of experiments across geometries and scales, using ultrathin polymer films on liquid droplets and macroscopic membranes that we inflate with gas. These setups reveal robust morphological features of the crumpled phase, and they allow us to disentangle the effects of curvature and compression. Our work highlights the need for a theoretical understanding of this ubiquitous elastic building block, and we lay out concrete directions for such studies.
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https://css3-menu.com/web-development/Professional-Responsive-Bootstrap-Builder-Software-2020-Guide-14481.html
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Cluttering the web are all of the types of firms marketing their html page creator, completely free together with paid. Some are far better than various other, and all tools try to carve out a specific set of services for certain concerns.
The issue is actually, though they can present options for some problems, other areas of setting up a site might continue being complicated and, sometimes, high-priced. Many have a decent program that's simple, yet don't have a well thought out or easy to handle system ready to make changes to updates on a web page.
As a result of website builder applications being around with regard to making our relief from stressful coding and webdev. Page creators are important in case you want to launch a service and require a web page, and you can do it within just an hour without choosing a designer. At present apps such as Mobirise has made our job comfortable by having just drag and drop qualities, and it demands zero prior coding skills and experience. You can opt for perfect fit site templates and personalize according to your requirement. Lots of worthwhile software applications can get your task finished, however Mobirise is the one that permits you to make a small company web page and eCommerce web site in a few moments.
Mobirise is a cost-free, website builder offline for Windows and Mac which empowers users to design small and medium web sites. Mobirise free website design software aids users who aren't experienced in programming by utilizing a minimalistic, user friendly UI. When an individual starts Mobirise, they will be met with over 2,500 website sections, templates, and themes to assist get their imagination moving.
Firstly, it is free; you're not giving any sort of costs to get the Mobirise free website builder software onto your computer, creating your website or managing the features, the only thing you may buy is the premium templates (which there are a bunch of) but even those aren't a need; with a lot of free themes that are just like highly effective, you will take pleasure in managing this tool without a hitch.
Secondly, it is feature-rich by using Bootstrap and AMP Pages support that makes it super quickly obtainable on different gadgets and makes the load period super quick.
Mobirise gives a lot of themes and templates, and they come with hundreds of premium Bootstrap templates named; GadgetAMP, MarketM4, CreativeM4, and so on. Each and every piece is responsive as they contain countdowns, sliders, scroll tabs, menu bars, progress bars, forms, Google Maps, and much more.
Themes are designed when kept in mind about the most up to date market trends and has numbers of personalization parameters. If you have enough bucks, it deserves spending on their template, and it has loads of functionalities a web designer will need to have; FTP embedded program, and outstanding source code in a code editor.
Photo Gallery- The Image Gallery allows you to demonstrate your pics in an optimized "Bootstrap" interactive grid.
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Google Maps- Offers your users a good concept of how to find your store or business.
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Fonts and Icons - There more than 800 different font styles and icons available.
Video Background- A great video background will definitely make your website more memorable and pleasant for the visitor.
Step 1: Download the web design software directly from the following website and launch the software.
Step 2: Start with incorporating navbar or header blocks available on the program. You may customize them if needed. On header sections, styling is pre-added, and you can change in their naming and make it seem like trendy when adding effects.
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So, what might you decide on? If you're trying to find a spectacular site that is improved for web and smart devices and you would like to have it done for free, Mobirise is the platform you're searching for. But, if you're trying to find a bit more control over your web site, wish to include more components and are trying to find a long-term investment into the site, you might consider selecting advanced Mobirise options, features.
Mobirise is the perfect solution to complex obstacles of entrance inside web-design. Mobirise gives people a pleasant and appealing experience that will allow them to take their organisation online. The honest truth is customers are switching the manner they shop ... if you aren't online within the next 5 years your company could just vanish.
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https://forum.arduino.cc/t/compass-equations-help/57461
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I am currently building a robot, and i decided to put a compass in it. I want to get the robot to take a reading then subtract or add 90 degrees and turn to that heading.
My problem is what if the heading it takes is 350 degrees. It will then add 90 and get 440. which doesn’t work.
I have not made a code for this yet as i want to work this out first.
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https://stunntech.com/blog/30/advantages-of-python-django-framework-and-when-to
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When it comes to web development, the framework you decide to use is crucial. For many companies and web application projects, the Django framework is an easy choice as it’s one of the most popular web development tools. Django is a free, open-source, high-end framework written in simple, flexible and relatively easy-to-learn Python programming language.
Django is a very robust and effective framework for web applications that demands default security, scalability, and reliability. It has huge community support and updates day by day. Therefore developers prefer Django as the most suitable framework. Django’s noticeable features are the reason why the topmost websites like Mozilla, Spotify, Instagram, Pinterest, and the Onion get attracted to opt this.
It’s fast and simple:
Django is a web development tool kit by python. It is very simple and can be understood by anyone. The main goal of this framework is to simplify work for developers. It works on behalf of Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) Principle which helps developers to reuse existing code and focus only on the unique features of their applications. This makes development more fast and efficient.
Nowadays security is the most important thing for all the software applications. Everyone tries to ensure the security of their websites and web applications. The default security features of Django makes it the most preferable one for web development. Django provides built-in support for common security issues such as Clickjacking, cross-site scripting, SQL injection etc.
Clickjacking - Tricks a user into clicking a webpage element that is invisible or disguised as another element.
Cross-site scripting - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks are a type of injection, where malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites.
SQL injection - It is a common web hacking techniques that inject code that can destroy your database.
Scalability & reliability:
We can scale Django projects at any instant at any time. It is suitable for small applications as well as high load applications.
Django is a platform-independent framework. It works well with any type of OS such as Windows, Linux, mac.
Great community support:
The main highlight of Django is its community support. Django comes with well-arranged documentation and maintained it at a high level. There are continuous updates and fixes, developers can easily adapt to that change.
Provides guarantee that any issues arose will be solved immediately because Django has a great supportive and efficient community. Developers will not be stuck with any issues, the majority of the common issues will be already discussed in the community forums, therefore the solutions will be available easily using google.
Enriched with package support:
The technically used name is “batteries included”, which means Django provides support packages and libraries for most of the features. So developers need not have to start from scratch and this makes the development faster and less possibility for errors or failures. Django comes with its own libraries for content management and authentication.
Default Admin panel:
In the development process, we need to spend a lot of time to make a reliable admin dashboard which is pointless at the same time the admin dashboard is the main part of Django applications. Django has its own automatically-generated admin panel which is more flexible and easily customizable. It helps in rapid development.
When to use Django
Django is suitable for building applications like client relationship management (CRM) systems, content management systems (CMS), communication platforms, e-commerce and rental platforms, document administration platforms, emailing solutions, verification systems, and advanced machine learning-based applications.
Django has the ability to extend its features and new changes can be added, so it is suitable for large scale projects. Projects with heavy traffic and having large network traffic can be handled efficiently using Django. This makes Django a better option for e-commerce websites, healthcare, and financial applications, social media sites, real estate site.
Django can efficiently work with multiple databases like SQLite, Postgresql, and Mysql. The combination of Django with PostgreSQL is the best choice for applications and platforms which handle large amounts of data and media files. The default packages and features for handling large amounts of data in Django makes it the best choice for content management based applications.
Django provides lots of plugins for algorithm-based applications. It is not only used to build complete applications, but it can be also used to add separate features to the existing application such as photo-based verifications, algorithm-based generators, filtering with advanced logic, etc. Django has default packages for handling emails and authentication, therefore Django is a good option for email and validation based applications.
Django has big community support and a huge team working behind it to make the framework more efficient and convenient. We can hope that in the coming days Django can handle more challenging areas.
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http://h71000.www7.hp.com/wizard/wiz_7032.html
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The Question is:
I am running UCX on my VAX and I am trying to write a batch to run over night
without user intervention. I need to start ftp, connect, login, and put a file
on a unix server. Can I do this? If so can you help me?
The Answer is :
Assuming you have TCP/IP Services V4.2 (and ECO) installed on your
OpenVMS VAX V6.2 system -- these releases are comparatively old and
should be upgraded to more recent versions -- please consider use
of the following DCL command:
COPY /FTP from to
There are various examples of COPY/FTP included in the OpenVMS
documentation, and there are various examples and pointers to DCL
information included in the OpenVMS documentation and here in the
Ask The Wizard area.
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code
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I've tried to download something several time. Always the same error. I already tried another browser, deleted all cookies, turned off adblocker and changed the age. I waited a few days, still the same error. I couldn't find something to fix this.
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This week has been a blast! I have been working on a NCSU student's project. We have been feeding newly grafted larvae a special diet. Grafted larvae are newly hatched larvae that we have moved into these special cups. Grafting is often used in queen-rearing.
The red cups each contain a larva with a diet containing pesticides. The green cups were our controls and had been fed a normal larvae diet.
My job was to check the mortality of the larvae and pipette feed into the cells. After 6 days, the larvae are sampled for further tests. Unfortunately, I did not have the opportunity to look at the data but I hear it looks promising!
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https://www.techylib.com/el/view/jellytrick/towards_a_classification_of_design_patterns_for_web_programming_b
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Towards a Classification
of Design Patterns
for Web Programming
of Web Application
The evolution of WWW leads to continuous growth of demands that are
placed on web applications that results in creating sophisticated web architec-
tures.To minimize the complexity behind their design,software frameworks
were introduced.There are hundreds of web frameworks,hence the choice of
the right framework can be seen as searching for the holy grail.
This thesis investigates the possibility of creating and validates usefulness
of a classification scheme which organizes well-known object-oriented design
patterns found in popular web frameworks:Apache Struts,Ruby on Rails,
CakePHP and Zend Framework.The proposed classification scheme is based
on two criteria:purpose and scope.The classification of such patterns that
capture design rationale behind the decisions and best practices,is potentially
important for building or restructuring a generic web framework,for capturing
expertise knowledge and for orientation purposes in the problemdomain - web
The methodology used in this thesis is based on case studies and the
identification of design patterns in web frameworks uses manual approaches.
The results revealed popular design patterns in web frameworks and that
the proposed classification scheme in a form of a 2D matrix must be refined,
because relationships among design patterns in web frameworks are important
and have a tendency to be formed as complex hierarchies.It is proposed to
use a classification scheme in a form of a map or a tree when refining the
design patterns,web frameworks,Rails,Zend Framework,Struts,CakePHP,
List of Figures
1.1 Web frameworks examples........................1
2.1 Pattern anatomy.............................4
2.2 Pattern map................................5
2.3 Design pattern example - Visitor - class diagram............6
2.4 Design pattern example - Visitor - sequence diagram.........7
2.5 GoF matrix................................7
2.6 Zimmer classification example......................8
2.7 Buschmann matrix example.......................9
2.8 PIML structure example.........................11
2.9 MVC architecture.............................14
2.10 Framework architecture..........................15
3.1 Flow chart of generic classification procedure..............17
3.2 Identification steps............................18
4.1 Number of books about web frameworks (Amazon.com,17-02-2011).19
4.2 Job trends for web frameworks (scale:absolute)............20
4.3 Job trends for web frameworks (scale:relative).............20
4.4 Google Trends chart for web frameworks (with regard to fig.4.3)..21
4.5 Google Trends chart for web frameworks (with regard to fig.4.2)..21
4.6 Proposed classification matrix example.................22
4.7 Architecture of Ruby on Rails......................23
List of Tables
2.1 Design pattern example - Visitor - elements..............6
2.3 Architectural styles............................9
3.1 Reference shortcuts............................17
4.1 Purpose criteria..............................22
4.2 Design patterns in Ruby on Rails....................24
4.3 Design patterns in Zend Framework...................25
4.4 Design patterns in CakePHP.......................26
4.5 Design patterns in Apache Struts....................27
5.1 Example of classification scheme for Ruby on Rails..........30
5.2 Example of classification scheme for Zend Framework.........30
5.3 Example of classification scheme for CakePHP.............30
5.4 Example of classification scheme for Apache Struts..........31
1 Introduction 1
1.2 Purpose and research questions.....................2
2 Background 4
2.1 Design patterns and pattern languages.................4
2.1.3 Approaches to classifications of design patterns........7
2.1.4 Approaches to document design patterns...........10
2.1.5 Approaches to identify design patterns.............12
2.2 Web application..............................13
2.3.2 Web application framework...................15
3 Method 16
3.2 Literature study..............................16
3.3 Classification procedure.........................16
3.4 Identifying patterns............................17
4 Realization 19
4.1 Choosing frameworks for the analysis..................19
4.2 Creating new classification scheme....................22
4.3 Design patterns in web frameworks...................23
4.3.1 Ruby on Rails...........................23
4.3.2 Zend Framework.........................25
4.3.4 Apache Struts...........................27
5 Results and discussion 29
6 Conclusions and further studies 32
Chapter 1 highlights the problem and its root causes to the reader.
It also presents research questions,aim of the thesis and its scope.
In general,the problem is rooted in the information overload problems that were
intensified by the rapid and chaotic growof the WWW(World Wide Web),especially
in the Web 2.0 era (Bawden and Robinson,2009).
Information overload problems occur when the amount of the information is
greater than a human can handle,so it negatively affects decision making when
selecting right sources of information (Bergamaschi et al.,2010).Moreover,this
”paradox of choice”,as Bawden and Robinson (2009) characterize it,can make peo-
ple feel confused,overwhelmed and powerless.Bawden and Robinson (2009) point
out that those issues are considered as fundamental in Human-Computer interaction
and Information Management domains and they will be challenged over the next
decades.In the field of software engineering and web development,the informa-
tion overload problems concern the quantity and the quality of information created
with overproduced technologies and software frameworks that are used to built web
applications and solve common web programming problems.
The evolution of WWWleads to continuous growth of demands that are placed
on web applications and creation of complex constructions behind their designs.Be-
cause web applications,especially designed as B2B (business-to-business) have come
to be more sophisticated and software developers have become less experienced and
qualified,the Web 2.0 movement has popularized the concept of rapid development
using software frameworks - abstractions in form of software libraries or classes pro-
viding generic functionality to minimize the problem (Jazayeri,2007).Nevertheless,
the panacea of this problem is problematic itself since there were developed more
than a hundred web applications frameworks (fig.1.1).Hence the choice of the
right framework can be seen as searching for the holy grail in the web engineering
(Shklar and Rosen,2009).
Figure 1.1:Web frameworks examples
Instead of trying to find the best framework,it would be more reasonable to focus
on creating a generic,environment and language independent web framework or a
framework of web framework that would be the solution of the overload information
problems in this area.Since a web framework is built fromcomponents and those are
built using best techniques described as design patterns,a generic framework could
be built on patterns found in popular web frameworks.The amount of identified
patterns could potentially arise information overload problems,so that to estimate
which patterns are essential to build a generic framework,they must be first classified
and a proper classification scheme must be proposed.As Bergamaschi et al.(2010)
claim,classifying is among the useful techniques in overcoming the information
overload problems,like ranking,filtering or grouping.
Moreover,the problem is associated with the existing classifications of software
design patterns.There are many different classification schemes that are not stan-
dardized and strongly dependent on the author’s viewpoints.Many of the classi-
fications are focused on desktop-based programs and were not adapted to the web
application’s problems.Therefore,building such classification scheme could be a
significant input in adapting,organizing and simplifying current schemes.
To conclude,the overall problem concerns overcoming the information overload
problems by logically classifying and organizing information.The classification of
design patterns is potentially important for building or restructuring a generic web
framework,for learning and understanding complex software designs,for captur-
ing expertise knowledge and for orientation purposes in the problem domain - web
programming.It can be compared in terms of achieving simplicity,usability and
comprehension to Carl Linnaeus biological taxonomy created 275 years ago.
1.2 Purpose and research questions
The goal of the thesis is to identify,then validate classification of best techniques
used when for recurring problems in web programming.The study addresses the
• Which web application frameworks are popular?
• Which design patterns can be found in the popular web frameworks?
• Is the classification when applied to the pool of found patterns,useful for
learning purposes (simple and easy to understand)?
This thesis is focused on the classification of design patterns found in server-centric
web frameworks modeled with object-oriented paradigm and designed to support
dynamic page development.Due to the rapid grow of web frameworks and limited
time of the research,the report is restricted to:Ruby on Rails,CakePHP,Zend
Framework and Apache Struts.The choice was supported by current trends that
are described in more detail in the section 4.1.
The study does not cover Rich Internet Applications and technologies,like Adobe
Flash or Microsoft Silverlight as they are proprietary,non-native to browser’s envi-
ronments and require sandbox plugins to work.In addition,those vendor-specific
technologies,extending current web standards,will be replaced by HTML 5 in the
future according to World Wide Web Consortium plans (Vaughan-Nichols,2010).
The thesis is organized by six chapters.Chapter 1 highlights the problem and its
root causes to the reader.It also presents research questions,aim and its scope.
Chapter 2 offers the literature survey and is divided into three sections:first section
describes background theory behind the design patterns,existing approaches to
the classification,documentation and identification of design patterns in software
engineering,the second defines a web application and the third section outlines
the concept of software framework.Chapter 3 focuses on the description of the
methodology.Chapter 4 contains the realization part that includes four sections:
the first section contains results from searching for popular web frameworks,in the
second section,the proposed classification scheme is described.Architectures of
chosen frameworks and results from identification of design patterns are covered in
section 3.Chapter 5 presents validation of the classification scheme on case studies,
discussion and comparative analysis of the results.Chapter 6 ends the thesis with
a discussion on future research.
Chapter 2 offers the literature survey and is divided into three sections:
first section describes background theory behind the design patterns,
existing approaches to the classification,documentation and identifica-
tion of design patterns in software engineering,the second defines a web
application and the third section outlines the concept of software frame-
2.1 Design patterns and pattern languages
Designers in every domain are faced with recurring problems.One way of solving
such problems is to use design patterns that contain descriptions of problems with
all documented way of solving them.This manner of perceiving problem solving
was originated in 1970s by an architect - Christopher Alexander.
Alexander (1979,p.28) started to treat patterns as design concepts that should
have a quality without a name (QWAN) - an unexplainable quality which gives
some sense of rightness in the design.According to Alexander (1979) patterns
should consist of three layers (fig.2.1).First layer embodies a recurring and arising
problem.A problem arises in a situation known as a context that is the second
layer.Third layer is the solution that is a well-known and proven solution to the
Figure 2.1:Pattern anatomy
A pattern language is a mean to organize design patterns and as natural lan-
guages it should have its own grammar and vocabulary.The main function of such
language is to show grammatical and semantic relationships among patterns and
to depict the decisions that were taken during the design phase (Alexander et al.,
1977).Pattern languages have forms of hierarchy trees,maps or graphs that group
related patterns.For example,in the fig.2.2,the pattern language map is in a
form of a directed acyclic graph where:A and B patterns must be applied before C
pattern and applying D pattern shows that C pattern should be applied before.
The concept of pattern languages and design patterns was adapted to many dis-
ciplines,particularly the idea was promising to software architects,because it could
improve communications among developers and they could make better decisions
that would avoid time wasting on re-inventing existing solutions.In the context of
software engineering,a pattern can be defined as:
”(...) a three-part rule,which expresses a relation between a certain con-
text,a certain system of forces which occurs repeatedly in that context,
and a certain software configuration which allows these forces to resolve
themselves” (Gabriel,cited in Alur et al.,2003,p.10).
Figure 2.2:Pattern map
Software patterns are strongly bounded with the levels of abstraction and devel-
opment phase,thus at least seven categories can be distinguished:
• design patterns
- software design and architecture patterns
that have focus on subsystems and components,
• process patterns
- patterns concerning processes and structures
in organizations involved in software development,
• analysis patterns
- patterns that occur when looking for requirements,
• re-engineering patterns
- patterns that are used when changing software
in order to get better quality and maintainability,
• performance patterns
- patterns that focus on improving software performance,
• domain-specific patterns
- patterns that belong to the specific domain;
- patterns that are counterproductive.
This study is focused mainly on design patterns which are always pragmatic,recur-
ring and generative.Those types of software patterns are always connected with
real,concrete solutions that were once adapted,not with new,not implemented nor
tested ideas.The main characteristic of design patterns is also that their implemen-
tation can vary,because they are not meant to be finished designs,but generic.
Furthermore it is not possible to describe every problem with patterns that are
not applicable to every context.In addition,it is important to emphasize that
patterns are not silver bullets for software development as Brooks (1995,p.177)
"there is no single development,in either technology or management
technique,which by itself promises even one order of magnitude [tenfold]
improvement within a decade in productivity,in reliability,in simplicity".
However,cataloged patterns as a huge library of expertise and a carrier of history
of successful solutions,can be effective tool for learning and teaching.
An example of a design pattern can be the Vistor pattern.It is stated that the
purpose of this pattern is to"represent an operation to be performed on the el-
ements of an object structure"(Gamma et al.,1995,p.331).Diagrams:fig.2.3
and 2.4 depict the mechanism behind the pattern.Following objects are created:a
ConcreteVisitor object that implements a visit method with declared as argument,a
ConcreteElement,and the ConreteElement with an accept operation that matches
the visit method in the Visitor.Thus when an element has a visit,it calls the
Visitor’s method that corresponds to its class.
Abstract class of interface that defines visit operation
for each class of ConcreteElement in the object
Concrete class that provides implementation of every
method declared by Visitor abstract class
Abstract class that defines an Accept operation which
should take a Visitor as an argument
Concrete class that provides implementation of an
Accept method that takes a Visitor as an argument
Provides an interface that helps the visitor to
enumerate a collection or composite of elements to be
visited by the visitor
Table 2.1:Design pattern example - Visitor - elements
Figure 2.3:Design pattern example - Visitor - class diagram
Figure 2.4:Design pattern example - Visitor - sequence diagram
One of the main advantage of the Visitor pattern is that it allows to define a
new operation without changing the original classes of the operated on elements.
For example,it can be useful in situation when we want to perform a set of test
cases on the given set of classes without their modification.Hence among Visitor’s
positive consequences is ease when adding new methods or operations - a new visitor
is only needed when extending functionality over object structure.Although Visitor
pattern can have many highlights,it can have some negative effects.For example,
it breaks encapsulation that is indispensable for object-oriented design.
2.1.3 Approaches to classifications of design patterns
Since the number of design patterns increased,there has been an urgent need to
develop efficient techniques and methods to organize them.
Figure 2.5:GoF matrix
GoF (Gang of Four) classification is the first and widely-known classification of
design patterns.The pattern catalog contains 23 design patterns that were previ-
ously undocumented (fig.2.5).Gamma et al.(1995) proposed to use two dimen-
sional classification based on criterion:scope and purpose.Purposes concern the
problem categories.Three types of purposes were distinguished:creational that
concerns object creation issues,behavioral that is related to managing responsi-
bilities in classes and structural that covers structures or compositions created by
objects/classes.Pattern’s scope is limited to class (class inheritance) or object (ob-
ject composition) representations.In this classification,a pattern might have two
different scopes,for example Adapter.
Zimmer (1995) proves that the same pool of patterns - the GoF catalog,can
be organized using other approaches.Instead of two dimensional matrix,there is a
pattern map that reflects relationships among design patterns.In this classification
there are three types of connections:”uses”,”is similar to” and ”can be combined
with”.For example,in the fig.2.6,Model View Controller uses Composite pattern,
Iterator pattern is similar to Visitor and Composite pattern can be combined with
Figure 2.6:Zimmer classification example
Granularity,functionality and structural principles are key issues to organizing
software patterns by Buschman.As GoF matrix the Buschman classification is also
two dimensional (fig.2.7),but uses granularity and purpose criteria.
The purpose criterion have 14 categories that are less abstract and more prag-
matic than those proposed in GoF classification.For example,”Interactive systems”
category contains patterns that are related to human-computer interactions.The
granularity criterion is defined by a pattern category that is connected with the pat-
tern’s abstraction level.Buschmann (1996) defines three pattern levels.First level
is for architecture where the author distinguished architectural styles - patterns for
organizing the entire system.As Buschmann (1996,p.11-12) states"an architec-
tural pattern expresses a fundamental structural organization schema for software
systems;it provides a set of predefined subsystems,specifies their responsibilities,
and includes rules and guidelines for organizing the relationships between them".
Table 2.3 exemplifies architectural styles.
AirCraft/SpaceCraft flight control systems,power stations
Pipes and filters
UNIX shell commands,compilers
virtual machines:JVM,OSI model,operating systems
Table 2.3:Architectural styles
Second level of pattern’s abstraction concerns design patterns that are patterns
which are principle,paradigm dependent and that are mainly described in GoF
classification.The third level of pattern’s abstraction is related to implementation
and covers idioms that are low level patterns which are language,technology depen-
dent.Among examples of idioms are:CORBA (Common Object Request Broker
Architecture) patterns or J2EE (Java Platform,Enterprise Edition) patterns.
Figure 2.7:Buschmann matrix example
For large scale Enterprise applications,we can distinguish two classifications -
catalog proposed by Martin Fowler in the book:”Patterns of Enterprise Application
Architecture” and J2EE blueprints.Both classifications are one-dimensional.Fowler
(2003) proposes a purpose as a criterion and classifies patterns into categories:Or-
ganizing Domain Logic,Mapping to Relational Databases,Web Presentation,Con-
currency,Session State,Distribution Strategies etc.J2EE blueprints contains clas-
sification that categorizes patterns using architectural tiers:presentation,business
and integration.Moreover,this catalog contains a pattern map depicting relation-
ships among patterns,that is similar to Zimmer map of GoF patterns.PoEAA
patterns are generally technology independent and directed to different platforms
in difference of J2EE patterns were originally adapted to J2EE technology (Alur
et al.,2003).Although there are some patterns in J2EE blueprints that are strictly
domain dependent,for example Value Object,many of themcan be adapted in other
technologies,like:Front or Application Controller.Those patterns are usually built
on patterns found in GoF classification,e.g.Session Facade is built using Facade
To sum up,a wide range of classification schemes has been proposed,but none
of them is used in correlation with some official standard.
2.1.4 Approaches to document design patterns
The purpose of formal documentation of design patterns is to provide simple graph-
ical and textual descriptions that would make patterns traceable in the design and
possibly automate all actions related.Specifications of patterns can be produced
either manually or automatically and placed in a source code,in a separate design
document or in a diagram depicting system’s design.In separate documents we can
distinguish to main document formats:using plain text and figures or documents
based on markup languages.
Documentation in the source code can be in a form of comments or annotations
(metadata).To improve traceability of patterns in comments,Meffert (2006) and
Torchiano (2002) propose to use special extensions to standardized documenting
frameworks,like Javadoc.Patterns properties could be described using specially
defined tags,for example:@intent,@problem,@drawback,@need (Meffert,2006),
or @pat.name,@pat.role,@pat.task,@pat.use (Torchiano,2002).Similar approach,
but more automatic,is suggested in DPDOC that is a prototype CASE (Computer-
aided software engineering) tool for APPLAB and supports documenting patterns
via annotating the source code,rule checking and automatic role derivation.DP-
DOC can be adapted to any grammar,but only supports seven GoF patterns which
it treats as language constructs (Cornils and Hedin,2000).
Gamma et al.(1995) introduce in GoF catalog separate documentation of pat-
terns that was done manually and uses plain text with Object Modeling Technique
(OMT) charts.This documentation consists of following sections:’Pattern Name
and Classification’,’Intent’ (purpose of the pattern),’Also Known As’,’Motiva-
tion’ (Forces),’Applicability’,’Structure’,’Class and Interaction Diagram’,’Partic-
Uses’ and ’Related Patterns’ (Gamma et al.,1995).
PIML (Pattern Information Markup Language) is an example of a way of doc-
umenting patterns that is expressed in SGML (Structured Generalized Markup
Language) which is a XML-based markup language that was standardized as ISO
8879:1986 (Ohtsuki et al.,1997).A document describing a design pattern consists
of three parts:plain text explanations,structure information as class diagram,be-
havior information as pseudo code that would support OMT charts (fig.2.8).
<pattern name= ”Memento”>
Figure 2.8:PIML structure example
Dietrich and Elgar (2005) select OWL (Web Ontology Language) as another
markup language that can be used to document design patterns.OWL is a markup
language that has semantics based on description logic.It is an extension to RDF
(Resource Description Framework) which is a family of World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata data model.According to
RDF Working Group (2004),RDF “integrates a variety of applications from library
catalogs and world-wide directories to syndication and aggregation of news,software,
and content to personal collections of music,photos,and events using XML as an
interchange syntax“.In this approach design patterns are represented as resources
identified by uniform resource identifiers (URI) which makes the documentation
more open and extensible.
LePUS (LanguagE for Patterns UniformSpecification) is a visual language based
on defined symbols and Prolog logic constructs.According to Eden et al.(1998),
LePUS supports formal documentation of design patterns,specifications’ validations
and proving relations among design patterns.
Another visual language for modeling design patterns is DPML (Design Pattern
Modeling Language) created by Mapelsden et al.(2002).Its main advantage is that
is compatible with UML (Unified Modeling Language) that is a standard modeling
language for object-oriented software.DPML links design patterns participants with
UML diagrams elements.
UML lacks support for visualizing design patterns.The closet diagram to depict
design patterns is a collaboration diagram which role is to illustrate relations and
interaction between objects.Hence extensions to UML must be introduced to visual-
ize fully design patterns.Dong and Yang (2003) introduce UML Profile that defines
new stereotypes,constraints,and tagged values that would support specification of
Another mean to describe design patterns is Balanced Pattern Specification Lan-
guage (BPSL) (Taibi and Chek Ling Ngo,2003).BPSL notation is simple and uses
First Order Logic (FOL) for structural aspects and Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA)
for behavioral properties.BPSL can specify rules that are behind UML meta-model.
Automatic or semi-automatic documentation of patterns can be obtained when
a developer uses a design-decision-detection tool while designing the system.Such
tools allow to pick certain patterns and glue it with the design.An example of
such tool is POD (Pattern-Oriented Design) tool that supports visually pattern
composition using three view levels:Pattern-Level,Pattern Interfaces,Detailed
Pattern-Level.The outcome of the tool is an UML class diagram (Yacoub et al.,
Automatic approaches can guarantee high level of quality of documentation when
compared to manual approaches,because every change in the code will be automat-
ically updated in the documentation,therefore the design can never be outdated.
Furthermore,manual documenting is always a standalone task for developers and it
can be not prioritised when the project is close to the deadline.
2.1.5 Approaches to identify design patterns
The goal of identifying design patterns is to improve understandability and main-
tainability of the software.Information about the patterns can be found directly
from the software documentation if a designer included detailed design decisions or
used special CASE tools for documenting design patterns.In case of open source
software that often lacks standardized artifacts,the information about used design
patterns can be also found on official forums or users’ groups etc.The limitations
in pattern’s detection in documention are poor quality of source code documenta-
tion or outdated design artifacts.If the documentation makes patterns visible and
traceable in the code,then pattern detection can be done automatically.
Design patterns can be also extracted from the source code manually or semi-
automatically or automatically using reverse engineering techniques.Manual pat-
tern identification can be characterized by tedious source investigation activities,
like looking for classes that follow certain naming or coding conventions,for ex-
ample an adapter’s class can be named DBAdapter.Semi-automatic approaches
to detect design patterns include mainly rule-based mechanisms,for example Niere
et al.(2002) present an approach to detect patterns based on static analysis of the
source code that is represented as ASG (Abstract Syntax Graph) and graph trans-
formation rules.As for the automatic approaches,Dori et al.(2005) name four
ways:identifying key structures,searching for class structures,fuzzy logic based
search and metrics based search.
First approach is characterized by creating a database with knowledge about a
pattern that includes pattern’s characteristics and features that this pattern should
not manifest - positive and negative criteria.En exemplary prototype using identi-
fying minimal structure approach with positive and negative criteria,that includes
all GoF patterns,is presented by Philippow et al.(2005).Dori et al.(2005) pro-
pose to create a knowledge base using OPM (Object Process Methodology) that
will hold meta-models of GoF patterns with positive and negative criteria.Second
approach compares class structures with a pattern class structure.Third approach
incorporates data mining,artificial intelligence,tree or graph algorithms.Most of
the algorithms are based on traversing and filtering a graph that represents program
structure.The limitation of using these algorithms is incapability of sufficient ex-
traction or interpretation of the purpose from the code.Apart from static analysis
of source code,dynamic analysis of software runtime can be performed to detect
design patterns.Wendehals (2003) introduces dynamic analysis as a validation of
static analysis results.The last approach concerns software quality metrics,like
depth of inheritance tree or number of children,that can be calculated for a given
pattern.Results and given values are checked if they closely match (Antoniol et al.,
1998).Gueheneuc et al.(2004) call this kind of algorithm - fingerprinting of design
patterns where a fingerprint is a value of specified metrics.
Using reverse engineering techniques in identification of design patterns is more
time- and cost-efficient than using manual approaches.However automated ap-
proaches cannot guarantee accuracy and exact pattern identification,because some
patterns are very similar in structure or in behavior.
2.2 Web application
In the beginning of WWW that was launched as a CERN (The European Orga-
nization for Nuclear Research) project,it resembled a static bank of articles and
other texts that allowed to gain access,gather and associate information by sci-
entists.The information was presented as HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
documents that were requested using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).The
requests were made by client computers using web browsers,sent to the server com-
puters that stored the documents and sent back responses to the clients.As the
popularity of the WWWwas quickly growing,new non-scientific users put demands
on extra requirements,like communication,entertainment,shopping etc,resulting
that new server side scripting technologies were created,for example ASP (Active
Server Pages),JSP (JavaServer Pages) or PHP (PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor) that
allowed previous requests of static text pages became invocations of concrete appli-
cations on the server side - web applications (Jazayeri,2007).
A web application or a webapp is a client-server application that operates in a
distributed environment,for example in Internet and which client is a web browser.
Physical implementation of a webapp architecture is multi-tier.
Typically it consists of three layers:client (presentation),business logic and data
access tier.On the client tier,following technologies are used:HTML,XML,CSS
side scripting technologies,like PHP,JSP,ASP.NET,CGI and ColdFusion Markup
Language,are responsible for programming the logic.On the database tier,there are
database management systems (DBMS) or relational database management systems
(RDBMS) (Shklar and Rosen,2009).
Every web application conforms to the Separation of Concerns principle which
states that presentation aspect of the application should be isolated from the logic,
therefore it implements Model-View-Controller design pattern or its variants.Model
contains the logic,View presents the Model,and Controller receives requests,in-
structs the View and updates the Model.MVC’s benefit is reduction of the com-
plexity and improvement of re-usability and maintainability.
Fig.2.9 depicts the mechanism behind MVC.A client sends a HTTP request
to the server where it is received by a Controller (1).Controller sends a request
to the Model for the asked data (2).The Model sends a query to the database (3)
which returns to the model requested data (4).The Model forwards the data to the
Controller (5).It can add some logic to it if necessary.The Controller instructs the
View to represent the data (6).Finally,the View sends the response to the client
The main advantages of web applications over desktop applications are cross-
platform compatibility,relatively small size since they require almost no disk space,
Figure 2.9:MVC architecture
no installation procedure and constant availability in the Internet.However,the
Internet connection and high security risks are disadvantages.Furthermore,desktop
applications have better means to provide better user experience in comparison with
web applications that are limited by web browsers interfaces.
A software framework can be defined as:
“a set of cooperating classes that makes up a reusable design for a spe-
cific class of software.A framework provides architectural guidance by
partitioning the design into abstract classes and defining their respon-
sibilities and collaborations.A developer customizes the framework to
a particular application by sub classing and composing the instances of
the framework classes” (Gamma et al.,1995,p.360).
Frameworks’ architectures can be considered using two views.Johnson (1997) claims
that ”design patterns are the architectural elements of frameworks”.As design pat-
terns,frameworks capture best reusing techniques and strategies for solving prob-
lems.In contrast to design patterns which are more conceptual,frameworks are
focused on implementations and designs.Therefore they can be viewed as sets of
domain specific,concrete forms of design patterns.
Pree (1994) looks at frameworks’ architectures from the perspective of hot and
frozen spots.Frozen spots are those basic components of a framework that became
frozen or unchanged while those parts that are extended by a developer adding new,
project-specific functionality are represented as hotspots (fig.2.10).
Frameworks tend to be ”extensible skeletons” of applications with code that
has a default behavior and it is non-modifiable,providing only options to extend
or override its functionality via inheritance,in difference of libraries that are self-
contained,have well-defined operations and are called from a code.Furthermore,
frameworks are the main coordinators that invoke the code.This characteristic is
called Inversion of Control and is based on the Hollywood Principle (”don’t call
us,we’ll call you”).As Fowler (2005) emphasis it is essential to the concept of
frameworks.For example,when en event occurs,the flow control is inverted and
only the inversion control in the framework calls back the classes or modules.
Figure 2.10:Framework architecture
Using a framework benefits to improved re-usability and enhanced modularity.
It leads to better software quality and reduces the effort needed to maintain the
software,because it localizes the effect of changes in the implementation and de-
sign.All frameworks’ interfaces contribute to the re-usability of the software since
their generic components can be defined and used to create other applications.Thus
frameworks’ re-usability improves developers’ productivity and software’s interop-
erability,quality and performance.However,frameworks have complex designs and
using it requires time for learning their APIs by developers.In the case of abandon-
ing the framework or changing the technology in the future development,time and
cost invested in getting familiar with the framework would be wasted.
2.3.2 Web application framework
A web application framework is a combination of two terms - a web application
and a software framework.It is a software framework that should contain reusable
components associated with common web applications features.A typical web ap-
plication framework should contain modules responsible for:templating system,
security,caching,web services or database access.
Web application frameworks are related to web content management systems
(WCMS) that are web applications which allow to manage and share documents
collaboratively by many users.Some of web application frameworks and WCMS
are focused on creating an API for a specific content management system therefore
there can be defined as content management frameworks (CMF).An example of
such hybrid is Drupal that is both CMS and flexible CMF (Buytaert,2010).
Chapter 3 focuses on the description of the methodology used in this
thesis - strategies for literature study,classification and identifiaction
The method of problemsolving used in this thesis has as a natural science approach.
This approach is characterized by a pragmatic scheme:making observations,creat-
ing new theories on this,performing experiments,validating the theories and making
3.2 Literature study
Observations are gathered from the literature study with a trusted-review strategy
in the domain related to software engineering and web development.The most
important contributions to those fields,found by keywords:design patterns classi-
fications and software frameworks,would be included.Additionally,the scientific
databases:ACM Digital Library,IEEE Xplore,Springerlink and DiVA portal will
be searched.The relevance criterion is the fitness with the purpose of the study.Re-
viewing the literature will be a solid foundation for the further investigation which
involves creating a proper classification scheme.
3.3 Classification procedure
Classification is a fundamental process that aims to organize things or concepts
and it is a practice of taxonomy which is a science that includes identification,
grouping,filtering and naming activities.The main benefit of a classification is
that things can be easily found without knowing their details which is very helpful
when people are learning.The most widely known is Linnaean taxonomy that
is a biological classification of living organisms.Unlike biological classifications
that are often hierarchical and tree-structured,classifications in computer science
primarily resemble a multi-dimensional-matrix.Most of CS classifications are topical
or subject-oriented.The concept of topical classifications is rooted in Aristotle’s
philosophy that stated that everything has characteristic properties that can be
used to subjective categorization (Taylor and Joudrey,2009).
The process of identifying a classification scheme used in this thesis is illustrated
in the fig.3.1.In order to create a good taxonomy,requirements for the ordering
must be established and on this basis,the draft classification scheme should be
designed and developed.The next step involves the application of the classification
scheme on patterns found by observations in chosen frameworks.If the classification
scheme is not useful,then it must be in the refinement phase until it satisfies the
The choice of the frameworks for the case studies will be supported by qualitative
research.Quasi-statistics of the web frameworks popularity factor will be gathered
and the data will be presented in a form of charts.The shortcoming of case studies,
as Kitchenham et al.(1995) claim,is that case studies are detailed,therefore they
may not represent general results and it cannot be verified if this classification
scheme could be applied to every other web framework.Finally,the research will
lead to comparing results that will be interpreted and will determine the basis for
Figure 3.1:Flow chart of generic classification procedure
3.4 Identifying patterns
The search for the design patterns will only include well-known design patterns that
were mentioned in the literature.Identifying patterns will concern only manual tech-
niques since automatic approaches cannot guarantee sufficient accuracy in pattern
detections.Other limitation is variety of design patterns in literature and program-
ming languages,because it would make an automatic approach very complex to
The information about design patterns in the frameworks will be gathered from
source codes,documentation,APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) available
in the official frameworks’ websites,forums and other related books.Pattern de-
tection in the source will consist of finding special keywords related to a pattern,
for example a pattern name.The evaluation of information found in separate doc-
uments will be checking if they exist in the source code.Process of identification
method will be conducted according to defined in instructions (fig.3.2)
Design Patterns:Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture
Core J2EE Patterns:Best Practices and Design Strategies
Table 3.1:Reference shortcuts
It involves creating a list with found patterns.This list will consist of following
sections:’Pattern’ - pattern’s name,’Ref’ - referenced where in the literature it
was mentioned (tab.3.1),framework’s name,’Context example’ - where in the
source code it was identified,’Original category’ - category of the pattern from the
Figure 3.2:Identification steps
Chapter 4 contains the realization part that includes four sections:the
first section contains results from searching for popular web frameworks,
in the second section,the proposed classification scheme is described.
Architectures of chosen frameworks and results from identification of
design patterns are covered in section 3.
4.1 Choosing frameworks for the analysis
Although there are many aspects worth considering when choosing a web framework,
for example,context and purpose of the application,personal preferences of the
developers,hosting requirements,scaling or license,the popularity factor is the most
important.Well-liked frameworks are known to have supportive communities that
benefits to:proper documentation that leads to better quality,better support for
novice users,more extensions and plugins to the core functionality,quicker validation
and defect removal that is equivalent with better security.To estimate which web
frameworks are the most popular,three sources were used:Amazon.com:Internet’s
biggest bookstore,Indeed.com:job search engine and Google.com:most popular
Amazon service was used to get the values of the metric - number of published
books about the web frameworks.The results are presented in the fig.4.1.The
most described frameworks are:Ruby on Rails,Apache Struts and ASP.NET MVC.
The least described frameworks are:Yii,Wicket and Tapestry.
Figure 4.1:Number of books about web frameworks (Amazon.com,17-02-2011)
Another metric that could provide deeper insights on popularity of web frame-
works in the market,is percentage of jobs offerings gathered in Indeed.com.The
absolute scale is presented in fig.4.2.Results show that familiarity of Apache
Struts,JSF,Ruby on Rails is most required.Figure 4.3 presents the data in the
relative scale and therefore it depicts more accurate current trends in demands of
web frameworks.It shows that very rapid growth in popularity have:Ruby on Rails,
Zend Framework,Django and CakePHP.
Figure 4.2:Job trends for web frameworks (scale:absolute)
Figure 4.3:Job trends for web frameworks (scale:relative)
Overall search trends from Google.com served as a validation of job trends.In
the figure 4.4 there is a comparison among the top four results from the jobs trends
results in relative scale.It is noticeable that there is a significant interest in Ruby
on Rails and recently it is equal to CakePHP’s trends.However,the trend for Ruby
on Rails has a falling tendency.As for the absolute scale (fig.4.5),trends for all
frameworks have been stabilizing since 2008.It is clearly seen that,Apache Struts
is the most popular framework among Java frameworks.
Taking all statistics into consideration,the choice of popular frameworks for the
case studies involves:Ruby on Rails,CakePHP,Zend Framework and Apache Struts.
The overall choice is dictated by making the case studies diverse.Choosing frame-
works that were written in different languages:Ruby,PHP and Java will support
Figure 4.4:Google Trends chart for web frameworks (with regard to fig.4.3)
better validation of the classification scheme.Furthermore,only open source frame-
works were chosen,leaving popular,but based on the propriety platform,ASP.NET.
The special motivation behind the choice of Apache Struts is that it is one of the old-
est web frameworks and it is possibly the most well-described framework.As for the
CakePHP,it is noticeable that there is an increasing trend in using this framework
among other PHP frameworks.Reason in choosing two PHP frameworks is that
PHP is the most used scripting language in WWW(TIOBE Software BV,2011).
Figure 4.5:Google Trends chart for web frameworks (with regard to fig.4.2)
4.2 Creating new classification scheme
First step in creating a classification scheme involves defining requirements which
the classification scheme will fulfill.The requirements should reflect the need of
usefulness,simplicity and high level of understandability of the classification scheme.
The classification scheme should have more than two problemcategories,because
multi dimensionality would increase usefulness of the scheme.Other requirement
could be that each pattern could have many criteria to be ranked by.To avoid
information overload problems,each pattern should have from two to three criteria.
Moreover as Buschmann (1996,pp.363-364) suggests the classification scheme
must demonstrate main pattern properties,it should allow to add new patterns and
should be a some kind of a roadmap that will help developers find a needed pat-
tern quickly.This roadmap should reflect pattern’s natural criteria,like:a pattern
category or a problem category.
In the proposed classification scheme for web programming,the most useful crite-
rion would be the purpose since it would reflect recurring web application problems.
Following purposes can be defined (tab.4.1):
database access,session management
safety and security
creating RSS feeds
Table 4.1:Purpose criteria
Other useful criterion would be a scope.Since many patterns are built on other
patterns,for example Active Record pattern can use Observer pattern,the scope
could address those problems.If a pattern is a part of other pattern’s construction,
then its scope will concern a framework scope otherwise a pattern scope,so for ex-
ample,the scope of ActiveRecord will be a framework scope and Observer’s will be
a pattern scope.The scope criterion would also validate how complex are relation-
ships in web frameworks.It is assumed that hierarchies are simple and relationships
among design patterns in web frameworks are closed.
Following matrix depicts proposed classification scheme (fig.4.6):
safety and security
Figure 4.6:Proposed classification matrix example
This proposed classification scheme is a draft which after application to the
content,should be evaluated if it needs refinement.
4.3 Design patterns in web frameworks
4.3.1 Ruby on Rails
Ruby on Rails is an open source web framework based on the Ruby programming
language.It was created by 37signals in 2004 and it available under the MIT (Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technology) license.The latest version of the framework is
3.0.It is one of the most popular and supported open source projects with more
than more than 1,600 contributors (37signals,LLC,2011).Examples of web appli-
cations based on Rails are:Twitter (twitter.com),Github (github.com) or Groupon
There are two main principles that are behind Rails design - DRY (’Don’t Repeat
Yourself’) and Convention over Configuration.The first principle instructs a devel-
oper to avoid writing repeating code and states that:"every piece of knowledge must
have a single,unambiguous,authoritative representation within a system"(Hunt and
Thomas,2000,p.26).The second principle,CoC,means that a developer only needs
to use predefined rules that regulate everything that is unconventional.
The architecture behind Ruby on Rails is MVC.When a client sends a HTTP,
RSS,ATOMor SOAP request to a web server,for example Apache,WeBrick,Mon-
grel,Lighttpd or Nginx,the server forwards this request to a dispatcher e.g.,invokes
FastCGI mod_ruby which loads ActionController that is Rails’ Application Con-
troller (fig.4.7).ActionController’s role is to decide what decisions and actions
need to be taken to fulfill the client’s request.
Figure 4.7:Architecture of Ruby on Rails
ActionView is the view of the MVC in Rails and it contains methods that render
can be seen as implementing View Helpers patterns,support template behavioral
extensions,for example AssetTagHelper is responsible for linking CSS style sheets
to the templates.
ActiveRecord element in Rails architecture is a design pattern described by
Fowler (2003) in PoEAA book.It is responsible for object-relational mapping
(ORM),connecting to the database and modifying the data.There are several
patterns that are building ActiveRecord,for example,Adapter pattern is used to
adapt the application to work with different database management systems,like
MySQL or PostgreSQL and its interface is implemented in AbstractAdapter class.
Observer pattern is also part of the ActiveRecord.Observers receive callbacks
from the ActiveRecord and allow to extend functionality of the model class without
interfering Single Responsibility Principle and modifying its structure.Observers
can be used for various,unrelated for the model class purposes,like managing cache
or log events (Olsen,2008).
Among other identified patterns (tab.4.2) is for example Decorator pattern that
can be found in the package ActiveSupport where it decorates methods.Naming
convention and purpose suggest that Rails uses Builder patterns to create,e.g.atom
feeds.Proxy design pattern is located in ActionContoller helpers where it is used to
provide a proxy to access view helpers outside the actual views.Singelton pattern
example is located in Inflections class that is a set of defined rules for plural words.
Table 4.2:Design patterns in Ruby on Rails
4.3.2 Zend Framework
Table 4.3:Design patterns in Zend Framework
Zend Framework is an open source PHP web framework available under New BSD
License that was created in 2006 by Zend Technologies.The latest version of this
framework is 1.11.5 and it requires PHP 5.Among the features of the framework
are object relation mapping,unit testing,ACL-based security,special framework for
templates,caching and formvalidation.Moreover,Zend Framework is very complex
and built with many components.It contains the support for integration with Adobe
Air,popular APIs like Amazon or OpenID authentication.The architecture behind
Zend Framework is MVC with Zend_Controller as the controller and Zend_View
as the view.There is no Zend_Model since Zend does not directly support the
Model but it implements via specialized components,like:Zend_Db_Table etc.
Furthermore,Zend Framework contains a huge amount of design patterns from
every presented pattern classification.The identified design patterns are illustrated
in the table 4.3.
Table 4.4:Design patterns in CakePHP
As Zend Framework,CakePHP is also a PHP web framework,but it was designed
using Ruby on Rails principles and models in 2005 by Cake Software Foundation.
As Rails it is open source and available under MIT License.The latest version
of CakePHP is 1.3.8 and it has support for internationalization,localization and
object relation mapping.Other features involve a testing framework that supports,
for example unit tests,object mocking and ACL-based security.
Table 4.4 illustrates patterns identified in CakePHP.Since this framework was
modeled after concepts found in Rails,there are some similarities in found design
patterns,like ActiveRecord and ViewHelper patterns.
4.3.4 Apache Struts
Table 4.5:Design patterns in Apache Struts
Apache Struts is a web framework based on J2EE platformfor server-based program-
ming in Java.It is open source and available under Apache License 2.0.Apache
Struts is one of the first web application frameworks and was created in 2000 by
Craig McClanahan.The latest version of Struts is 188.8.131.52 and it supports ORM,
internationalization,localization and unit testing.However security and caching
frameworks are not included(The Apache Software Foundation,2011).As other
web frameworks,Struts architectural style is MVC.In Struts the model is the ap-
plication logic and data,views are in forms of JSP pages and ActionServlet with
Actions make the controller.
Since Struts uses J2EE technology,there are many design patterns described
in J2EE blueprints (tab.4.5).For example,Service to Worker is a macro-level
pattern,because it consists of two patterns:FrontController and ViewHelper and
it is responsible for generating templates.FrontContoller pattern manages views,
navigation and security issues.Command pattern is a part of a Front Controller
and is implemented through Action classes.The use of Singleton pattern is mainly
in Action and ActionServlet since Struts creates only one Action per application
which benefits to performance optimization (Franciscus and McClanahan,2002).
5 Results and discussion
Generally,Zend Framework contains 69%of all patterns in the list,CakePHP - 41%,
Ruby on Rails - 31% and Apache Struts 50% (number of types of design patterns
identified in a framework by constant size of the list - 32 as seen in figures:4.2-4.5).
That makes Zend Framework,a web framework with best traceability of design
patterns that leads to better comprehension of the source code.
As for the design patterns,there are easily noticeable outliners that are found in
every web framework,for example MVC and ApplicationContoller pattern.More-
over,ViewHelper pattern is always present to support Separation of Contents prin-
ciple.Decorator pattern is often used to extend functionality and Builder pattern to
produce resources.Almost not present in web frameworks are:Mediator,Memento,
Bridge,Flyweight and Visitor (tab.5.1 - 5.4).
As for the classification scheme,’User interface’ category contains most of the
patterns.’Safety and security’ problemcategory seems to be vague since it is difficult
in many cases to state if a pattern conforms to this category.Lastly,the classifica-
tion scheme in a form of a matrix has become not useful.When the scope criterion:
pattern and framework was chosen,it was assumed that,in web frameworks,re-
lationships among patterns would be rather closed and hierarchies among patterns
would not be complex.However,it was revealed that patterns in web frameworks
have a tendency to form a web of relationships.There are many patterns that are
building materials for other patterns or are strongly related to one another.For
• Service to Worker is built on View Helpers and Front Controller that is built
with Composite pattern (tab.5.4);
• Strategy patterns or Proxies can be found implemented in View Helpers (tab.
• View Helpers and Application Controller are stronlgy related to MVC,so it is
diffcult to logically separate them (tab.5.1 - 5.4);
• Front Controller can use Singleton as a base and can be confused with Appli-
cation Controller (tab.5.2);
• Two Step View (which is highly related to Transform View) and Composite
View are parts of the View in MVC (tab.5.2);
• Builders that often build form elements related to the View,often build Com-
posites as well (tab.5.2);
• Observers,Adapters and Proxies are often incorporated in building Active
Record classes (tab.5.1,tab.5.3);
• Registry pattern is concerted with Singleton (tab.5.2,tab.5.3).
Therefore it becomes very difficult to spot patterns within patterns with flat,2D
scheme.The classification scheme in a form of a matrix loses hierarchical relation-
ships that could be illustrated via a tree or a map.The map of realtionships could
be similair to the classification by relationships proposed by Zimmer (1995).
To end,design pattern relationships play a bigger role in the web frameworks ar-
chitectures than it was assumed and as Zimmer (1995) concludes:”applying design
patterns requires a fair knowledge of both single design patterns and their rela-
tionships”.Hence the classification scheme must be refined to resemble a pattern
safety and security
Table 5.1:Example of classification scheme for Ruby on Rails
Two Step View,
safety and security
Table 5.2:Example of classification scheme for Zend Framework
safety and security
Table 5.3:Example of classification scheme for CakePHP
MVC,Service to Worker
safety and security
Table 5.4:Example of classification scheme for Apache Struts
6 Conclusions and further studies
This chapter ends the thesis and contains a discussion on future research.The first
question was:”Which web application frameworks are popular?”.The answer for
this question is that popular web application frameworks are based on MVC pattern.
More exhaustive answer would be if used popularity metrics were extended to other
factors,like number or contributors,commits in the code repository,frequency of
releasing new versions etc,so that the results could bring new insights.
The second question concerned design patterns that can be found in the popular
web frameworks.It was revealed that there are some popular design patterns,for
example:MVC,ViewHelper,Application Controller or Decorator.Design patterns,
like:Mediator,Memento,Bridge,Flyweight or Visitor are not popular.Most of the
patterns concern graphical user interface issues and can be very similar or strongly
related to one another.
Finally,the answer to the third question is that proposed current classification
scheme must be reformed and needs further validation.It would be more useful if it
would look like a Zimmer classification map with strongly highlighted hierarchy rela-
tionships.Furthermore,cataloging effort should be conducted with the community
or at least some developers must interviewed to ensure correctness in categorization
of particular patterns.
In the future research,there are several aspects of the study to be addressed.
For example,the aspect of client-side web frameworks was unexplored,therefore it
could be fruitful to conduct such investigation on web frameworks that execute UI
full taxonomy with a dictionary of the used elements could also be a step in devel-
oping a standard that could establish conventions of the construction of a generic
web framework and would reduce information overload problems when choosing a
web framework.Standard-complaint frameworks would ensure quality and promote
interoperability among web applications.Such standard could also contain stan-
dardized descriptions of patterns.Moreover,the scope of such standard could also
be extended to frameworks for testing and user interface in web applications.
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Kitchenham,B.,Pickard,L.,and Pfleeger,S.(1995,July).Case studies for method
and tool evaluation.Software,IEEE,12(4):52 –62.
Mapelsden,D.,Hosking,J.,and Grundy,J.(2002).Design pattern modelling and
instantiation using DPML.In Proceedings of the Fortieth International Conference
on Tools Pacific:Objects for internet,mobile and embedded applications,CRPIT
’02,pages 3–11,Darlinghurst,Australia,Australia.Australian Computer Society,
Meffert,K.(2006).Supporting design patterns with annotations.Engineering of
Computer-Based Systems,IEEE International Conference on the,0:437–445.
pattern-based design recovery.In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference
on Software Engineering,ICSE ’02,pages 338–348,New York,NY,USA.ACM.
document framework for design patterns based on SGML.In Computer Software
and Applications Conference,1997.COMPSAC ’97.Proceedings.,The Twenty-
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Olsen,R.(2008).Design patterns in Ruby.Addison-Wesley,Upper Saddle River,
Philippow,I.,Streitferdt,D.,Riebisch,M.,and Naumann,S.(2005).An approach
for reverse engineering of design patterns.Software and Systems Modeling,4:
Pree,W.(1994).Meta patterns - a means for capturing the essentials of reusable
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RDF Working Group (2004).Resource Description Framework (RDF),[Online]
Shklar,L.and Rosen,R.(2009).Web application architecture:principles,protocols,
Taibi,T.and Chek Ling Ngo,D.(2003,July).Formal specification of design patterns
- a balanced approach.Journal of Object Technology,2(4):127–140.
Taylor,A.G.and Joudrey,D.N.(2009).The organization of information.Libraries
The Apache Software Foundation (2011).Apache Struts,[Online] Available from:
TIOBE Software BV (2011,February).Tiobe programming community index
for february 2011,[Online] Available from:http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/
Torchiano,M.(2002).Documenting pattern use in java programs.Software Main-
tenance,IEEE International Conference on,0:0230.
Vaughan-Nichols,S.(2010).Will HTML 5 restandardize the web?Computer,43
Wendehals,L.(2003).Improving design pattern instance recognition by dynamic
analysis.In Proceedings of the ICSE 2003 Workshop on Dynamic Analysis
(WODA),pages 29 – 32.
Yacoub,S.,Xue,H.,and Ammar,H.(2000).Automating the development of
pattern-oriented designs for application specific software systems.In Application-
Specific Systems and Software Engineering Technology,2000.Proceedings.3rd
IEEE Symposium on,pages 163 –170.
Zimmer,W.(1995).Pattern languages of program design,chapter Relationships
between design patterns,pages 345–364.Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,New
351 95 Växjö
391 82 Kalmar
28 80 00
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https://youteam.io/results/?q=Python%20Java%207
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code
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8 Python & Java 7 developers in 8 agencies found
Senior PHP Developer
Full Stack Engineer with over 7 years of experience
Machine Learning Engineer
Java Developer with a decent background in QA Automation.
Good project management and team leadership skills. Passed all the stages of software program implementation. Over 15 years development experience.
No-one really matches your needs?
Normally we are able to pro-actively find any given talent within 72 hours.
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CC-MAIN-2019-26
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https://jennarationboutique.com/products/the-alyssa-bootie-snake
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code
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The item was added to your waitlist!
OMG, FRIENDS! This is THE booties y'all have been eyeing on the live's the past few weeks! All the western vibes with this snake print bootie! Loving the rustic browns with mild bootie heel! Y'all and the quality is giving us all the heart eyes! True to size. If a half size, size up to your whole.
Click HERE to view video for more details ⇢ https://youtu.be/OtOWp9k8qio
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CC-MAIN-2021-04
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https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/can-we-achieve-fresh-information-with-selfish-users-in-mobile-cro
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The proliferation of smart mobile devices has spurred an explosive growth of mobile crowd-learning services, where service providers rely on the user community to voluntarily collect, report, and share real-time information for a collection of scattered points of interest (PoI). A critical factor affecting the future large-scale adoption of such mobile crowd-learning applications is the freshness of the crowd-learned information, which can be measured by a metric termed 'age-of-information' (AoI). However, we show that the AoI of mobile crowd-learning could be arbitrarily bad under selfish users' behaviors if the system is poorly designed. This motivates us to design efficient reward mechanisms to incentivize mobile users to report information in time, with the goal of keeping the AoI and congestion level of each PoI low. Toward this end, we consider a simple linear AoI-based reward mechanism and analyze its AoI and congestion performances in terms of price of anarchy (PoA), which characterizes the degradation of the system efficiency due to selfish behavior of users. Remarkably, we show that the proposed mechanism achieves the optimal AoI performance asymptotically in a deterministic scenario. Further, we prove that the proposed mechanism achieves a bounded PoA in general stochastic cases, and the bound only depends on system parameters. Particularly, when the service rates of PoIs are symmetric in stochastic cases, the achieved PoA is upperbounded by 1/2 asymptotically. Collectively, this work advances our understanding of information freshness in mobile crowd-learning systems.
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CC-MAIN-2023-06
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https://www.edx.org/bio/dr-mark-sample
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code
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Mark Sample is an Associate Professor of Digital Studies at Davidson College. Professor Sample’s teaching and research focuses on experimental literature, new media, and algorithmic culture. His examination of the representation of torture in videogames appeared in Game Studies, and his critique of the digital humanities’ approach to contemporary literature is a chapter in Debates in the Digital Humanities. Another recent project is 10 PRINT CHR$(205.5+RND(1)); : GOTO 10, a collaboratively written book about creative computing and the Commodore 64. At Davidson College, Mark is building a new program called Digital Studies, which explores the role of digital creativity, culture, and methodology in contemporary life.
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http://tapwater.jonathanhooper.net/
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TapWater is an iOS application built to help users track how much water they drink in a day. The app allows a user to set a goal for the number of ounces of water they wish to drink per day and track their progress as they strive to meet that goal. Whenever a user finishes a container of water, they can open the app and tap a button corresponding to that container, hence the name, "TapWater".
The app was inspired by how difficult it can be to add data about water consumption to most health/fitness apps. TapWater seeks to alleviate this problem by allowing users to create "containers" that represent the quantities of water they drink most often. For example, a user may have a 25 ounce water bottle they use frequently. They could add the container to the app and tap it whenever they finish it off.
Special thanks to Cody Rogers for his part in making this project possible.
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CC-MAIN-2019-09
| 882
| 3
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https://au.mathworks.com/help/simulink/mdl_gd/cg/cgsl-0402-signal-interface_mw_7386ac5d-ce8d-4e41-84ba-9d5dce841c13.html
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cgsl_0402: Signal interfaces for component deployment
|ID: Title||cgsl_0402: Signal interfaces for component deployment|
At the root level of a component, signal interfaces shall be modeled by using only one type of signal:
For structured signals that use In Bus Element and Out Bus Element blocks, set block parameters as follows:
Configure the interface for each In Bus Element and Out Bus Element block individually.
For structured signals that use Inport and Outport blocks, set block parameters as follows:
Do not use datastore memory for signal interfaces.
Reduces complexity and provides model clarity.
|Model Advisor Check||Verify this guideline by using Model Advisor check Check signal interfaces (Embedded Coder)|
Code Interfaces and Code Interface Specification (Embedded Coder)
Specify Bus Properties with Simulink.Bus Object Data Types
Composite Interface Guidelines
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https://www.massoluxe.com/
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code
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M A S S O L U X E
I AM MY OWN MUSE #MASSOMUSE
WANT TO BE FEATURED ON OUR WEBSITE AND IG?
Take me to Instagram!
Tag us in your OOTD on Instagram and tag us @MASSOLUXE #MASSOLUXE #BABESOFMASSOLUXE for a change to be featured on our IG and our website!
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https://somethinkblue.com/bluehost-downloading-wordpress-domain-vs-directory/
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Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
Locating a top notch economical host provider isn’t easy. Every internet site will have various demands from a host. And also, you have to compare all the features of an organizing business, all while looking for the best deal possible.
This can be a great deal to sort via, especially if this is your first time buying holding, or building an internet site.
Most hosts will certainly use super low-cost introductory rates, only to elevate those prices 2 or 3 times greater once your first contact is up. Some hosts will certainly offer cost-free perks when you register, such as a complimentary domain, or a free SSL certificate.
While some hosts will be able to supply far better performance and also high levels of safety. Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
Find Out All About Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory On The Official Site Right Here ->
Below we dive deep into the very best affordable webhosting plan there. You’ll discover what core organizing features are vital in a host and also exactly how to examine your own hosting requirements to ensure that you can pick from among the best cheap organizing service providers below.
Disclosure: When you acquire a web hosting package with links on this page, we make some compensation. This aids us to maintain this website running. There are no extra costs to you in all by using our links. The list below is of the best affordable host plans that I’ve directly utilized as well as tested.
What We Think about To Be Low-cost Web Hosting
When we explain a webhosting bundle as being “Economical” or “Budget plan” what we indicate is hosting that falls under the price brace in between $0.80 to $4 monthly. Whilst looking into economical organizing suppliers for this guide, we took a look at over 100 various hosts that fell under that price range. We then examined the high quality of their most affordable organizing bundle, worth for money as well as customer support.
In this write-up, I’ll be going over this world-class web site organizing company and stick in as much appropriate info as possible.
I’ll look at the functions, the rates alternatives, and also anything else I can consider that I assume could be of benefit, if you’re choosing to join to Bluhost as well as get your websites up and running.
So without additional trouble, let’s check it out.
Bluehost is among the greatest web hosting business in the world, getting both large marketing assistance from the company itself and also affiliate marketers that advertise it.
It really is a huge business, that has actually been around for a long time, has a large reputation, and is absolutely one of the leading choices when it involves webhosting (absolutely within the leading 3, at least in my publication).
Yet what is it exactly, as well as should you get its services?
Discover All About Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory Through The Official Online Site Here ->
Today, I will certainly answer all there is you need to know, offered that you are a blogger or an entrepreneur who is looking for a web host, as well as does not recognize where to begin, given that it’s a great service for that audience in general.
Let’s picture, you intend to organize your sites and also make them noticeable. Okay?
You already have your domain name (which is your site location or LINK) today you intend to “turn the lights on”. Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
You require some hosting…
To accomplish every one of this, and also to make your site noticeable, you need what is called a “web server”. A server is a black box, or gadget, that stores all your website data (data such as pictures, messages, video clips, web links, plugins, and various other info).
Now, this server, has to be on all the time and it has to be connected to the web 100% of the moment (I’ll be stating something called “downtime” later).
Furthermore, it also requires (without obtaining also fancy and right into information) a file transfer protocol commonly referred to as FTP, so it can show internet internet browsers your website in its intended type.
All these points are either costly, or need a high level of technological ability (or both), to develop and preserve. And also you can entirely head out there as well as find out these points on your own and also established them up … yet what about rather than you acquiring as well as keeping one … why not simply “renting out holding” instead?
This is where Bluehost can be found in. You rent their servers (called Shared Hosting) as well as you launch a website utilizing those servers.
Considering that Bluehost maintains all your data, the firm also permits you to set up your content monitoring systems (CMS, for short) such as WordPress for you. WordPress is an incredibly prominent CMS … so it simply makes sense to have that option readily available (almost every organizing business now has this option also).
Simply put, you no more need to set-up a server and afterwards integrate a software where you can develop your material, individually. It is currently rolled into one bundle.
Well … imagine if your server is in your residence. If anything were to take place to it in all, all your data are gone. If something goes wrong with its interior processes, you need a specialist to repair it. If something overheats, or breaks down or gets corrupted … that’s no good!
Bluehost takes all these problems away, as well as cares for whatever technological: Pay your web server “rental fee”, and they will certainly take care of everything. And also when you buy the service, you can then begin concentrating on adding web content to your web site, or you can place your initiative right into your advertising and marketing campaigns.
What Solutions Do You Obtain From Bluehost?
Bluehost provides a myriad of various solutions, but the primary one is hosting obviously.
The hosting itself, is of various kinds incidentally. You can lease a shared web server, have a devoted server, or additionally an onlineprivate web server.
For the function of this Bluehost review, we will focus on holding services and also other services, that a blog writer or an on the internet business owner would need, rather than go unfathomable right into the rabbit opening and talk about the other services, that are targeted at even more skilled folks.
- WordPress, WordPress PRO, and shopping— these holding services are the packages that enable you to host a site using WordPress and also WooCommerce (the latter of which allows you to do ecommerce). After buying any one of these packages, you can begin building your site with WordPress as your CMS.
- Domain name Marketplace— you can additionally buy your domain name from Bluehost rather than various other domain registrars. Doing so will make it simpler to direct your domain name to your host’s name servers, because you’re making use of the same marketplace.
- Email— when you have purchased your domain name, it makes good sense to additionally obtain an e-mail address connected to it. As a blogger or on-line entrepreneur, you ought to practically never ever utilize a cost-free e-mail service, like Yahoo! or Gmail. An e-mail like this makes you look amateur. The good news is, Bluehost offers you one free of charge with your domain name.
Discover All About Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory On The Official Online Site Here ->
Bluehost additionally provides committed servers.
And you may be asking …” What is a specialized web server anyway?”.
Well, the important things is, the standard web hosting bundles of Bluehost can just so much traffic for your site, after which you’ll require to upgrade your hosting. The reason being is that the typical web servers, are shared.
What this indicates is that one web server can be servicing 2 or more websites, at the same time, one of which can be your own.
What does this mean for you?
It suggests that the single server’s sources are shared, and it is doing multiple tasks at any kind of given time. When your website begins to hit 100,000 website check outs every month, you are mosting likely to need a committed web server which you can also obtain from Bluehost for a minimum of $79.99 monthly.
This is not something yous ought to worry about when you’re beginning however you ought to maintain it in mind for sure.
Bluehost Prices: How Much Does It Expense?
In this Bluehost review, I’ll be focusing my focus primarily on the Bluehost WordPress Hosting packages, since it’s the most preferred one, as well as most likely the one that you’re looking for which will certainly match you the most effective (unless you’re a big brand, business or website).
The three offered strategies, are as follows:
- Standard Strategy– $2.95 monthly/ $7.99 routine price
- Plus Plan– $5.45 monthly/ $10.99 routine cost
- Selection And Also Plan– $5.45 per month/ $14.99 routine price
The first rate you see is the cost you pay upon subscribe, as well as the second price is what the expense is, after the first year of being with the business.
So basically, Bluehost is going to charge you on a yearly basis. And also you can also choose the amount of years you intend to hold your website on them with. Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
If you pick the Standard plan, you will pay $2.95 x 12 = $35.40 starting today and also by the time you enter your 13th month, you will currently pay $7.99 each month, which is also charged each year. If that makes any type of sense.
If you are serious about your internet site, you must 100% obtain the three-year alternative. This indicates that for the fundamental strategy, you will certainly pay $2.95 x 36 months = $106.2.
By the time you hit your fourth year, that is the only time you will pay $7.99 per month. If you think about it, this technique will certainly save you $120 during 3 years. It’s not much, however it’s still something.
If you intend to obtain greater than one site (which I highly suggest, as well as if you’re severe, you’ll probably be obtaining more eventually in time) you’ll intend to take advantage of the option plus plan. It’ll enable you to host limitless websites.
Find Out All About Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory Through The Official Website Right Here ->
What Does Each Strategy Deal?
So, in the case of WordPress holding plans (which are similar to the common hosting plans, however are more geared towards WordPress, which is what we’ll be concentrating on) the functions are as complies with:
For the Standard strategy, you obtain:
- One site only
- Protected internet site via SSL certificate
- Optimum of 50GB of storage space
- Cost-free domain name for a year
- $ 200 advertising credit
Keep in mind that the domain names are bought independently from the hosting. You can get a complimentary domain name with Bluehost below.
For both the Bluehost Plus hosting and Choice Plus, you obtain the following:
- Unrestricted number of internet sites
- Free SSL Certification. Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
- No storage space or transmission capacity limitation
- Complimentary domain for one year
- $ 200 advertising and marketing credit history
- 1 Workplace 365 Mailbox that is free for one month
The Choice Plus plan has an included benefit of Code Guard Basic Back-up, a back-up system where your documents is conserved and also duplicated. If any kind of accident occurs and also your website data vanishes, you can restore it to its initial form with this attribute.
Notice that although both strategies set you back the exact same, the Selection Plan after that defaults to $14.99 per month, normal rate, after the collection amount of years you have actually selected.
What Are The Conveniences Of Using Bluehost
So, why pick Bluehost over other web hosting services? There are hundreds of webhosting, a lot of which are resellers, however Bluehost is one pick couple of that have stood the test of time, and also it’s possibly one of the most well known out there (and also forever reasons).
Here are the three major advantages of picking Bluehost as your host provider:
- Server uptime— your web site will not show up if your host is down; Bluehost has greater than 99% uptime. This is very crucial when it pertains to Google Search Engine Optimization as well as positions. The greater the better.
- Bluehost rate— just how your web server feedback determines exactly how rapid your internet site shows on a browser; Bluehost is lighting fast, which implies you will certainly lower your bounce price. Albeit not the very best when it comes to packing rate it’s still extremely important to have a fast rate, to make customer experience better as well as better your ranking.
- Unlimited storage— if you obtain the And also strategy, you need not fret about how many files you keep such as videos– your storage ability is unrestricted. This is actually crucial, since you’ll most likely face some storage concerns later down the tracks, and you do not desire this to be a headache … ever.
Last but not least, consumer assistance is 24/7, which implies regardless of where you remain in the globe, you can contact the support group to repair your internet site concerns. Pretty conventional nowadays, yet we’re taking this for granted … it’s additionally really vital. Bluehost Downloading WordPress Domain Vs Directory
Also, if you have actually gotten a totally free domain with them, after that there will be a $15.99 charge that will be subtracted from the amount you initially purchased (I imagine this is due to the fact that it type of takes the “domain out of the marketplace”, unsure regarding this, but there most likely is a hard-cost for registering it).
Last but not least, any type of requests after 1 month for a refund … are void (although in all sincerity … they should probably be strict here).
So as you see, this isn’t always a “no questions asked” policy, like with a few of the various other hosting choices available, so make sure you’re okay with the plans before continuing with the holding.
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CC-MAIN-2022-27
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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/bicep/learn-bicep
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code
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Bicep on Microsoft Learn
Ready to see how Bicep can help simplify and accelerate your deployments to Azure? Check out the many hands-on courses on Microsoft Learn.
These two learning paths will help you get started:
Azure Pipelines and GitHub Actions modules
In addition to the preceding learning paths, the following modules contain Bicep content related to Azure Pipelines and GitHub Actions.
|Build your first Bicep deployment pipeline by using Azure Pipelines||Build a basic deployment pipeline for Bicep code. Use a service connection to securely identify your pipeline to Azure. Configure when the pipeline runs by using triggers.|
|Build your first Bicep deployment workflow by using GitHub Actions||Build a basic deployment workflow for Bicep code. Use a secret to securely identify your GitHub Actions workflow to Azure, and then set when the workflow runs by using triggers and schedules.|
|Authenticate your Azure deployment pipeline by using service principals||Service principals enable your deployment pipelines to authenticate securely with Azure. In this module, you'll learn what service principals are, how they work, and how to create them. You'll also learn how to grant them permission to your Azure resources so that your pipelines can deploy your Bicep files.|
|Test your Bicep code by using Azure Pipelines||Validate and test your Bicep code in your deployment pipeline. You'll use linting, preflight validation, and the what-if operation to validate your Azure changes before you deploy, and you'll test your resources after each deployment.|
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CC-MAIN-2021-43
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https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics365/unified-operations/financials/localizations/emea-cze-depreciation-rounding
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code
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This topic explains how you can round fixed asset depreciation amounts up or down to the nearest whole number.
Depreciation amounts are rounded up or down, based on the value that is entered in the Round off depreciation field and the rounding method that is specified in the Rounding method field on the Depreciation books page. For a depreciation amount (x) that has a Round off depreciation value (y), the depreciation amount (z) is calculated as x ÷ y. The rounded-up or rounded-down depreciation amount is calculated as z × y. For example, for the depreciation amount CZK 1,111.11 and a Round off depreciation value of 1, the depreciation amount is calculated as CZK 1,111.11 ÷ 1, or CZK 1,111.11. The rounded-up depreciation amount is calculated as CZK 1,112 × 1, or CZK 1,112. The rounded-down depreciation amount is calculated as CZK 1,111 × 1, or CZK 1,111. The following table shows rounded-up and rounded-down depreciation amounts for various depreciation amounts and Round off depreciation values.
|Depreciation amount (x)||Round off depreciation (y)||Depreciation amount (z = x ÷ y)||Normal rounding method||Downward rounding method||Rounding-up rounding method|
|CZK 1,111.11||1||CZK 1,111.11 ÷ 1 = CZK 1,111.11||CZK 1,111.1||CZK 1,111.11 is rounded up to CZK 1,112. Final depreciation amount: CZK 1,112 × 1 = CZK 1,112||CZK 1,111.11 is rounded down to CZK 1,111. Final depreciation amount: CZK 1,111 × 1 = CZK 1,111|
|CZK 1,234.5||10||CZK 1,234.5 ÷ 10 = CZK 123.45||CZK 1,235||CZK 123.45 is rounded up to CZK 124. Final depreciation amount: CZK 124 × 10 = CZK 1,240||CZK 123.45 is rounded down to CZK 123. Final depreciation amount: CZK 123 × 10 = CZK 1,230|
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864186.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521122245-20180521142245-00109.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-22
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http://javasheet.sourceforge.net/Applet.html
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This is an INTERACTIVE sheet! Change numbers! Add formulas (the ones that work..)! Be amazed!
The JavaSheet project homepage is at javasheet.sourceforge.net.
The bulk of the code was done by the authors of Jeks (provider of the Spreadsheet frontend) and POI HSSF (Excel decoding). Some glue, and feathering for JavaSheet done by Leonard Chan. email: firstname.lastname@example.org. web: Leonard Chan's Web Mistake.
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CC-MAIN-2017-47
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http://www.outlandish-entertainment.com/zomz/zomz-blog-post-1-17-19/
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code
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Hey Everyone! Getting right into it…
When we first starting paper prototyping for Zomz, we were working on our original idea, which if you read last weeks blog post, is the sequel to the game we are making now. If you haven’t read the other post, you can find it here. Anyway, that game was an entirely different game than what we have now.
That original game was going to be an isometric, RTS-like, RPG game where the player could control multiple zombies at the same time. That game, (the first iteration, which is now our sequel)had multiple design problems. I’ll name a few below specifically about controlling zombies.
1. How would the player control multiple zombies at the same time?
2. What would happen to the player when they are controlling zombies?
3. What could controlling zombies do to benefit the player?
The aforementioned are not all of the problems that we faced, obviously, but the most crucial ones.
After much digging, prototyping, and internally play-testing we looked at two games. The first was transistor. Aside from the outstanding beauty and wonderful world building embellishments, we took inspiration for our combat from their combat system. To us, it was basically a time stop mode which allowed the player time to think about what they wanted to do and choose moves based on the amount of “mana” they had left.
So we added a ‘Zomz Mode’ which is activated by the player and acts a time-stop. In this mode, the player can choose zombies to attack or move and each action cost a certain amount of mana. What we liked about this idea was that the players could control multiple zombies at the same time but that came with it’s own set of problems.
- Zombie actions happened in successive order, not all at once. Because this happened, if you controlled one zombie to attack another different zombie, and then another zombie to attack the first controlled zombie, the second controlled zombie wouldn’t start moving until after the other zombie had moved already, which made the succession of events null and void. So we decided to change it so that everything happens at the same time.
- When zombie attacks happen at the same time. The same problems occur where you can’t control two zombies and have one zombie attack another at the same time. Also, zombies would clump up together and become and unstoppable force after they had completed what you asked them to do.
So we were running into some issues and thus we put that on hold as we looked at another game for inspiration…
The second game was Xcom 2. We knew that one of our design problems was how the player was going to control multiple characters at the same time so we looked at the turn-based combat in Xcom 2 for inspiration. Xcom 2 is a great example of a polished and optimized, calculated and turn-based combat system. Which is exactly how they were able to allow the players to control so many characters at once; because it was turn-based.
After looking at both of these games, we decided to pivot to only controlling one zombie at a time, but instead of telling it what to do, the player becomes the zombie. We did this for a few reasons…
1. It helped minimize the amount of overhead work by solving the design problems that existed in controlling many zombies at the same time.
2. It stopped the combat from being turn based and instead more action oriented with the only pauses being when the player activated Zomz mode.
3. It’s more fun to become the zombie and make it do what you want, as opposed to just tell it what to do and then run away as the player. Also, when the player becomes the zombie they’ve selected, their player character becomes obsolete but can still be targeted. This added a layer of strategy involved in choosing which zombies to control, what to use them for, and how long to use them.
We are happy with the new direction that we’ve decided to pivot to. We believe that it opens up meaningful game play opportunities for us as designers but also for the players as problem solvers because it makes things more action dependent and fast paced. However, in the future we are still looking for ways to solve the original design problems for controlling multiple zombies at the same time. We are interested in adding this feature into the Zomz sequel, so keep a look out for that!
Thank you so much for reading our blog post about some of our design decisions behind Zomz! We look to you all for your feedback because we hope that we can connect with you in deep and meaningful ways and thus feedback as to what we could do better is always welcome. Please feel free to comment on anything in the blog post and if you have any requests for any information please don’t hesitate to let us know!
Thanks again and until next time!
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668896.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20191117064703-20191117092703-00544.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-47
| 4,781
| 20
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https://sourceforge.net/directory/communications/chat/irc/developmentstatus:inactive/developmentstatus:beta/
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code
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Eggdrop administration script with mIRC/KVIrc interface aimed on clans (war manager, polls, pickup, simple channel & user protection)
Internet Relay Jabber (or IRJ) is a Jabber client for IRC. It's useful if you like IRC, but your friends use another IM service. It is written in Perl and uses Net::Jabber and Net::IRC. (This project is no longer under active development)
Mx3bot is a MySQL based IRC robot, using Tcl for commands, supporting user and channel management, as well as ability to connect to multiple servers at a time.
The service for ircu's P10 written in PHP, that provides statistics of your network. Stats are stored in a PostgreSQL database. This project also provides webinterfaces and example scripts.
Perforins Bash is a "Quotes Management System" written in Perl. Users can submit chat quotes which will be checked by the administrator and then put into the database. It´s like the popular german-bash.org but open source!
Phantom IRCd is a complete IRCd that runs using a dedicated client. Phantom IRCd was first developed to test other mIRC scripts; however it has matured into a complete IRCd. Phantom IRCd also has a plugin to function as an IRC-AIM gateway.
Supybot Twitter plugin, using OAuth. Requires oauth2 & simplejson As of March 2013, Twitter will be removing API 1.0 and supytweet will likely cease to work. For an up to date twitter plugin see ProgVal's Twitter on his github; https://github.com/ProgVal/Supybot-Plugins
a&a - tcl script for eggdrop/windrop
a&a - tcl script for eggdrop/windrop @ http://ascript.info & http://bots.land, used for creating bots on IRC, botlending activity and/or just fun.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947822.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20180425135246-20180425155246-00603.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-17
| 1,641
| 9
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https://www.tutorialfor.com/questions-363722.htm
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code
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Base Created UTF8 Comparison TOV UTF8
Requests work but 1 cant instead of Russian questions! Help
Answer # 1
Try, if not yet done, make everything (!) Changes to the code:
Header ("Content-Type: text /html; charset= utf-8"); //somewhere at the beginning of the php script $ db-> Query ("SET CHARSET UTF8"); Install communication encoding with database ≪ META HTTP-EQUIV= "CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT= "TEXT /HTML; CHARSET= UTF-8" /> //Add a page template in the head
Answer # 2
Download NotePad ++ and in the "Encoding" section, select UTF8 without bom (do not forget to open the file in which handler)
Answer # 3
- postgresql : Indexing very similar character varying field in postgres
- MYSQL Multiple table optimization for advanced search
- How can I disable swappiness just for Mariadb and not for other applications on the same EC2 Instance?
- Procedure MySQL cursor taking a long time to execute
- postgresql : Query Quill-Delta JSON array in Postgres
- postgresql : to_tsquery -Does it always accept query text?
- postgresql : How to speed up querying last values in a time series?
- Partitioning in MySql 5.7 with Primary Key and Unique Key
- mysql : Master Master Replication Rows Not Sync Properly
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153729.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728123318-20210728153318-00354.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
| 1,204
| 17
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https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.aidaapps.lendya
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code
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Force to use contacts The app is useless because it forces you to use contacts, can I add a name without it being a contact
Simple to use. Needs a couple features. Simple enough to use and I enjoy the interface. I would give more stars if each lend or borrow had a place to add specific details about each borrow.
No function to add how much money is lent Good idea to include functionality to choose items lent(like hardisk ,kindle etc). But with money cannot add the amount. Which is sadness. Plus the UI is damn bad. I'll rate UI 1 out of 5
Lame layout plus a lot of buttons dont do anything they need to be greyed out or bugged perhaps im trying another.
Only contacts can be added. Cumbersome interface.
You should add how much amount has been lent
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824899.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021224608-20171022004608-00662.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2017-43
| 753
| 6
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http://www.webassist.com/forums/post.php?pid=96497
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code
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Your hosted (Godaddy) database would not normally have the same log-in details as your those of your local mySql (unless you used your Godaddy login details when you set up your testing server/mySql).
You will have created a database - via your Godaddy control-panel (& phpMyAdmin?) and the initial login will have been provided by go-daddy - username is often the same as your control panel login.
Look for mySql or phpMyAdmin in the control panel, and either check your mySql database details (databasename, user, password) or create a new database and user/pasword for the PowerCMS store to use.
Then your connection would be:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107879673.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022141106-20201022171106-00484.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-45
| 629
| 4
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https://pypi.org/project/trytond_account_nl/
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code
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Define an account chart template for The Netherlands. Usefull to create a Dutch account chart with the wizard in "Financial Management>Configuration>General Account>Create Chart of Account from Template".
This module is based on the l10n_nl from OpenERP’s addons-community repository by Jan Verlaan (www.veritos.nl).
It provides a chart of accounts based on the semi-standard ‘Bakker’ chart, with added rules for value-added taxes.
If you which to access the github repository using Mercurial, please install the hg-git extension: http://hg-git.github.com/
This module is provided as-is, without any warranties, under the GPLv3 license.
For bugs in this module please contact the author of this module, not the Tryton author.
— Paul J Stevens <email@example.com>
Download the file for your platform. If you're not sure which to choose, learn more about installing packages.
|Filename, size||File type||Python version||Upload date||Hashes|
|Filename, size trytond_account_nl-2.2.2.tar.gz (28.4 kB)||File type Source||Python version None||Upload date||Hashes View|
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304959.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126162115-20220126192115-00015.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2022-05
| 1,070
| 10
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https://www.educative.io/courses/mastering-data-structures-and-sorting-algorithms-in-javascript/bucket-sort-implementation
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code
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Bucket Sort (Implementation)
We create a function that receives the array that we want to sort as an argument. We can immediately declare 3 variables: n, which is the length of the buckets (which is the length of the array), allBuckets, which is a new array of all the buckets, and the new array sortedArray, to which we will push the elements to in ascending order. If the length of the array is smaller than 2, we don’t need to sort it at all. We can then return the array right away.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474893.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229234355-20240301024355-00544.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 488
| 2
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https://www.sawdustandrustmusic.com/bitmex-liquidation-bot-telegram
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code
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BitMEX Review What You Need to Know
Before you start trading with BitMEX You might want to learn more about this site and how it operates. Read on to learn more about KYC as well as other topics of importance. We’ll also cover the various types of deposits and fees as well as liquidation and contract terms. Lastly, we’ll discuss how to seek help when you have any questions.
What is Bitmex?
BitMEX is an exchange online which allows people to trade Bitcoins anonymously. Signing up is easy and takes only a few minutes. In order to begin, you’ll must enter your email address and country of your residence. Once you’ve completed these the required information, you can start trading immediately. You can also contact customer support by email, and also find the contact information in the Knowledge Base.
BitMEX has had a few issues with regulators in the past. Some time ago the company was questioned by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The CFTC believes that BitMEX may have broken the law. Its founders were indicted on allegations of violating the US Bank Secrecy Act. They were later released after they had paid $5 million in bonds. But their inability to compliance with the law has hurt their reputation and hurt traders.
How it works
BitMEX is a platform that allows professional investors the opportunity to buy Bitcoin. It allows them to make deposits in Bitcoin in addition to purchase and sell options, futures and other options. All of their margin deposits and profits are in Bitcoin. The services of the company are accessible via the desktop web, application, and other platforms.
The most admired characteristics that is a part of BitMEX is the capability to utilize leverage. Some crypto currencies can be traded at a rate of 1:20 leverage, and many other coins trade with up to one:100 leverage. For novice traders this kind of leverage is not advised. The traders can choose the level of leverage they would like to use under the box for orders.
Limit orders and market orders are two different types of orders that are available through the BitMEX platform. They are dependent on particular price and they will be filled once the price is at that at that level. They’re generally less expensive than market orders, and are useful if you want to leave the market in a short time. Market orders are, however will be filled instantly however they will be charged an additional cost over limit orders.
Is it Legit?
BitMEX, or “Bitmex,” is a cryptocurrency exchange that operates within the Seychelles. It offers trading services to users worldwide, although the company is not able to accept US users to trade. BitMEX has strict policies that block customers from trading with cryptocurrency from the US. It suggests that US traders locate an alternative exchange that will accept clients from US.
Although the BitMEX exchange isn’t regulated, it has taken several steps to ensure the security of its customers. For example, the exchange has implemented the multi-signature method to ensure that transactions are safe and safe. Furthermore, all transactions conducted through the platform are kept in a secure, offline location. No user’s data has ever been stolen or lost due to hacking or another security breaches. This is why it has been able to establish itself as a reliable exchange for seasoned cryptocurrency traders.
An Bitmex KYC review should show how the KYC process works to verify the identity of the account owner. As of writing the exchange hasn’t been the target of any successful cyberattack. In addition, BitMEX uses PGP-based communication daily audits, as well as other security tools used in top financial institutions. However, the exchange has had many legal issues. A recent example is an incident in which the exchange accidentally disclosed the names and addresses of the registered users to anyone with an internet connection. This led to a great deal of confusion as well as a heated debate over security issues in the crypto world.
In order to trade with BitMEX, you must complete the KYC verification procedure. The process requires you to provide a photo of an authentic ID document along with proof of address. Some exchanges even ask for photos to stop fake IDs from being accepted. Also, you’ll be asked about your experience trading and the source of any money you deposit. If you’re not able to finish the KYC process on a site like BitMEX and BitMEX, it will be impossible to withdraw funds out of your bank account.
The BitMEX platform provides various products that will meet your needs. You can choose between futures, perpetual contracts, and a funding rate that is updated every 8 hours. Like any other cryptocurrency exchange, you’ll want to be aware of the differences between the various types of products before committing to a trade.
The fees that BitMEX is charged are very minimal compared with other exchanges. It’s only a small percent of your trade, not a large percentage as other platforms. In contrast to other exchanges, the fees aren’t tied to quantity or leverage. You’ll also be able to test margin trading without having to pay any commissions.
BitMEX does not charge fees for buying or selling Bitcoin or Tether. However, you’ll have to pay fees for withdrawals. If you have any concerns about the charges, you can get in touch with BitMEX’s customer support team by clicking the Contact Us link on the website. Be sure to include your email address, the subject of your query, as well as an explanation of the issue in the body of your email.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643462.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528015553-20230528045553-00055.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-23
| 5,582
| 17
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https://gears.guidebook.com/guide/39106/event/11384554/
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code
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The Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Science Consortium finished the 3Pi survey of the whole sky north of -30 degrees between 2010-2014 in grizy (PS1 specific filters) and the PS1 telescope has been running a wide-field survey for near earth objects, funded by NASA through the NEO Observation Program. This survey takes data in a w-band (wide-band filter spanning g,r,i) in dark time, and combinations of r, i, z and y during bright time. We are now processing these data through the Pan-STARRS IPP difference imaging pipeline and recovering stationary transients. Effectively the 3Pi survey for transients that started during the PS1 Science Consortium is being continued under the new NEO optimized operations mode. The observing procedure in this case is to take a quad of exposures, typically 30-45 seconds separated by 10-20 minutes each, typically revealing high confidence transients (greater than 5-sigma) to depths of i~ 20.7, y~18.3 (AB mags). This cadence may be repeated on subsequent nights in a return pointing.
Continuing the public release of the first 880 transients from the PS1 3Pi survey during the search period September 2013 - January 2014, beginning February 2015, the transient events using the data from the the Pan-STARRS NEO Science Consortium are now regularly added. These are mostly supernova candidates, but the list also contains some variable stars, AGN, and nuclear transients. The light curves are too sparsely sampled to be of standalone use, but they may be of use to the community in combining with existing data (e.g. Fraser et al. 2013, ApJ, 779, L8), constraining explosion and rise times (e.g. Nicholl et al. 2013, Nature, 502, 346) as well as many being new discoveries.
For additional details visit http://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/ps1threepi/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496665573.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112124615-20191112152615-00403.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-47
| 1,767
| 3
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http://www.freelancer.com/projects/Javascript-AJAX/Changing-image-href-path-inside.html
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code
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You have chosen to sponsor your bid up to a maximum amount of .
I want to change the href path pointing to an image inside fancyBox and Image Thumbnail Viewer II so that they point to two seperate images.
I have amended the other script as follows:
I have tried amending the following line amongst other things to no avail in fancyBox as follows:
image : '',
Let's say the link shows:
I want one link to end up showing
and the other to show:
Here's the link to both scripts:
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223211700.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032011-00376-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2014-15
| 474
| 9
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http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/288643-33-radeon-family-driver-stopped-working
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code
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I have recently experienced the lovely crashes of the 5700 HD card on idle and at gaming levels. I proceeded to change my core clock and memory speeds so i could aat least troubleshoot without getting random crashes but whenever i play a game, i get the BSOD, or vertical lines of death and i have to do a manual reboot. I have tried many workarounds but nothing fixes the problem when it comes to gaming. Right now i am about to reinstall windows 7 64bit and turn off automatic updates and see if any updates were the cause. ATI support were so nice in telling me things i already knew and they never answered my question as to when the actual problem faced by thousands of people would be fixed. If this fresh install of windows does not work then i am going to return my card and get a new one because I would then know it is the sapphire card causing problems. Anyone else experiencing this problem please feel free to post here as to what you tried to do and what you think worked. I am eager to fix this.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982921683.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200841-00151-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2016-36
| 1,010
| 1
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http://git.net/python-discuss/msg90370.html
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code
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I'm wrong or Will we fix the ducks limp?
On Sat, 4 Jun 2016 09:06 am, Sayth Renshaw wrote:
> I cant create a list with an append method pf.append(thing) in one go .
Correct. You cannot append to a list until the list exists.
Nor can you uppercase a string until the string exists:
s = "hello world"
s = s.uppercase()
Nor can you add one to a number until the number exists.
x = 0
x += 1
Why should lists be different? How is Python supposed to know pf is a list
with an append method if pf doesn't exist?
# pf =
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738777.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811115957-20200811145957-00228.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-34
| 511
| 13
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http://www.steadicamforum.com/index.php?showtopic=18907
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code
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Sony f55 and hdmi
Posted 26 August 2013 - 11:57 PM
Posted 27 August 2013 - 03:31 PM
Posted 28 August 2013 - 12:56 AM
This may not be a problem with the camera itself. The HDMI port has a little intelligence, so when you connect an hdmi monitor transmitter etc, The device sending the signal will query the other device and ask what formats it supports. If 23.98 is not in the list it sends back, the camera will not output the signal.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589902.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717203423-20180717223423-00523.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2018-30
| 434
| 5
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https://support.greenresidential.com/hc/en-us/articles/13433708740631-How-to-troubleshoot-GFCI-outlets
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code
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How to troubleshoot GFCI outlets
Questions covered in this video:
- What is a GFCI outlet and why is it important?
- How do I identify a GFCI outlet in my home?
- What do the 'Test' and 'Reset' buttons on a GFCI outlet do?
- How often should I test a GFCI outlet?
- Can a single GFCI outlet protect other regular outlets in the home?
- What should I do if an outlet is not working?
- Where are GFCI outlets commonly found in a home?
- Are there different types of GFCI outlets based on the indicator lights?
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00536.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 507
| 10
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https://www.forumbox.co.uk/forum/thread/48953-how-in-the-world-are-you-supposed-to-find-a-job-now/
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code
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This is ridiculous. In the last 12 months I have applied to over 1000 jobs. I have reworked my CV at least 15 times. I am trying to get a desk job or even just work in a call centre. Why has it become so hard to get a job.
Don't give me that "it's hard at the moment". It's always been hard at the moment. I've been trying to get out of my situation for years and everyone always says tough bananas. Companies always get to be as picky as they like. In my lifetime I have made 5 digits. Money? No, number of APPLICATIONS.
Sorry for the rant. I'm just so unbelievably fed up with looking for work and would do anything for a job.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657146845.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713194203-20200713224203-00355.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-29
| 628
| 3
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https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2009-August/548963.html
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code
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[ANN] pyxser-1.2r --- Python-Object to XML serialization module
stefan_ml at behnel.de
Mon Aug 24 09:16:32 CEST 2009
Daniel Molina Wegener wrote:
> * Added encoded serialization of Unicode strings by using
> the user defined encoding as is passed to the serialization
> functions as enc parameter
> As you see, now Unicode strings are serialized as encoded byte string
> by using the encoding that the user pass as enc parameter to the
> serialization function. This means that Unicode strings are serialized
> in a human readable form, regarding a better interoperability with
> other platforms.
You mean, the whole XML document is serialised with that encoding, right?
More information about the Python-list
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223205375.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032005-00324-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2014-15
| 709
| 14
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https://www.ktlsolutions.com/integrating-erp-data-microsoft-dynamics-gp/
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code
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There are several options for integrating your ERP data into Microsoft Dynamics GP. The data integrated into Microsoft Dynamics GP may include setup records such as General Ledger accounts, customers, vendors, and assets. It also may include current transactions, historical transactions, and daily transactions. The three most common tools used to integrate ERP data are: Microsoft’s Integration Manager, Scribe, and eOne Solutions’ SmartConnect. Choosing the right system to meet your needs can be difficult, as they each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Microsoft’s Integration Manager
Microsoft’s Integration Manger is the default integration tool for Microsoft Dynamics GP and can easily accomplish the prime objective – integrating your ERP data into Microsoft Dynamics GP. The software for Integration Manager is included with the Microsoft Dynamics GP installation software, but does need to be purchased and registered to use its functionality.
Even though Microsoft’s Integration Manager is the default integration tool for Microsoft Dynamics GP and can achieve the desired objective of importing your ERP data, it does have its drawbacks. One drawback is Integration Manger uses a macro technology, which has its problems. The first drawback is that the user must be logged into Microsoft Dynamics GP on the base screen with no additional windows open for the macro to successfully run.
They must also be logged into the desired company they wish to import the data into or the integration will fail. The second drawback is the integrations are quite slow since it mimics the data entry pattern of a normal Microsoft Dynamics GP user. This can cause the integration to take a very long time to process and large integrations can be difficult. A third drawback to using Integration Manager is when the ERP data is being integrated. The user’s Dynamics GP software is dedicated to the import and the user cannot use Microsoft Dynamics GP until the process is completed.
Microsoft’s Integration Manager can integrate ERP data into Microsoft Dynamics GP for basic data loads to initially setup the system or integrate periodic data loads, but the other options detailed below can provide enhanced functionality depending on your organization’s needs.
Scribe is a powerful integration tool developed by Scribe Software with the ability to integrate ERP data directly into and out of Microsoft Dynamics GP providing both one-way and two-way integrations. Scribe provides robust functionality to make your operations run smoother and more efficiently.
Scribe has several advantages over Microsoft’s Integration Manager. Integrations with Scribe are multiple times faster than Microsoft’s Integration Manager since it uses current technologies versus the Macro technology, which is inherently slow.
Scribe can be used to not only to import your ERP data into Microsoft Dynamics GP, it can also pull data out of Microsoft Dynamics GP allowing you to synchronize data between different databases such as Microsoft Dynamics GP and Microsoft Dynamics CRM. Both Microsoft Dynamics GP and Microsoft Dynamics CRM have similar entities that can be shared to minimize the need for duplicate entry.
Synchronizing of your ERP data is not only limited to the Dynamics GP family of products, but can be utilized with many different data sources and destinations allowing you the full flexibility to create relationships between your different systems used to run your operations.
Another advantage of Scribe is that you can schedule integration to run at specific times or create a trigger based on a specific operation to keep your data up-to-date and accurate. An example of where this could be helpful is with an eCommerce site. You may want to update the eCommerce site with your current items available based on your current inventory levels along with the current price list from Microsoft Dynamics GP at specific times during the day or after a specific operation is triggered, such as a price change or inventory availability changes. At the same time, when a customer places an order utilizing the eCommerce site, you may want the order details to be imported back into Microsoft Dynamics GP. This automation can allow your systems to function as one, creating a more efficient organization, reducing data entry time, and minimizing mistakes.
Scribe is a Powerful integration tool that provides maximized functionality for integrating data into Microsoft Dynamics GP and synchronizing data into other data sources to allow your different systems to work in unison.
eOne Solutions’ SmartConnect
A third option for integrating your ERP data in Microsoft Dynamics GP is eOne’s SmartConnect. eOne’s SmartConnect is also an easy to use powerful integration tool with a lot of flexibility for your integration requirements and is the top choice for many companies.
Similar to Scribe, SmartConnect has many advantages over Integration Manager. SmartConnect is based on the current technology of eConnect and Web Services, which enables much quicker processing than Integration Manager. It has been estimated that the processing time is fifty times faster.
Utilizing internal testing between SmartConnect and Integration Manager, eOne had the following results: With a test importing 10,000 Customers into Dynamics GP from the same source file using SmartConnect, it took 1 minute and 30 seconds. With Integration Manager, it took 4 hours and 40 minutes. In another test with 100 Customers using SmartConnect, it took 2 seconds. Using Integration Manager, it took 2 minutes and 51 seconds.
Speed is not the only advantage of SmartConnect. Utilizing Microsoft Excel templates with SmartConnect mappings and Web Services, data can be pushed directly into Microsoft Dynamics GP with the push of a button on an Excel sheet to automate the integration process using a tool most people are familiar with. Default templates are available or custom templates can be created to use these services.
Another advantage SmartConnect has over Integration Manager is the ability to schedule integrations from various data sources into various destination based on a schedule or an event trigger and provides the ability for one-way and two-way integrations with limited data sources. This makes SmartConnect equally powerful as an export tool as it is as an import tool allowing you to accomplish similar tasks but not as robust as we identified with Scribe.
Other Advantages of SmartConnect that should be noted are the integrations can lookup data directly from your current SQL data to enable auto filling of imported data. Email notifications can be sent for both successes and failures of a SmartConnect integration. SmartConnect integrations can be run against multiple databases simultaneously to synchronize multiple databases at the same time.
SmartConnect is an easy to use powerful tool that can be used for Integrations into Microsoft Dynamics GP that is much faster than Integration Manager, but not quite as versatile as Scribe. SmartConenct further has many additional features providing a robust framework for most companies integration requirements.
When it comes to picking the right software for your integration needs, it can be quite difficult to determine the correct fit as each has their own advantages and disadvantages. In this case for integrations, we have looked at the three primary integration tools for Microsoft Dynamics GP: Microsoft’s Integration Manager, Scribe, and eOne Solutions’ SmartConnect. Each can perform the primary function of importing the required data into Microsoft Dynamics GP, but some have more robust features that enable you to perform additional tasks that may help your operations be more efficient.
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 7,777
| 21
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http://www.juku.it/en/tag/vcenter-en/
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Recently I got a chance to look at some integrations between hardware infrastructure management tools and VMware vCenter. I’m sure it’s not the first time you hear about this kind of integration (for example, many storage vendors have been providing vCenter plug-ins for years now and next generation hyper-converged vendors take this feature for granted). So where is the news? Jack of all trades… Actually there is none. The interesting thing here is that it is becoming more relevant and involves all the parts of the hardware stack (servers, storage and network). This is what end users want, and...Read More
Tag: vCenter @en
The views expressed on these pages are mine alone and not (necessarily) those of any current, future or former client or employer. As I reserve the right to review my position based on future evidence, they may not even reflect my own views by the time you read them. Protip: If in doubt, ask.
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CC-MAIN-2018-09
| 929
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https://len24.de/partners/
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code
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A better financial future for all.
A big part of what we’re doing with Letscoin is about connecting local government authorities and organizations with independent local businesses and residents, for genuine collaboration. We believe that this is a key way to fuel entrepreneurship and drive economic growth, while also binding communities together around a shared identity and vision.
Get stuck in
What role are you playing in the development and productivity of your local area? Your organization has the power to drive change and growth, and to lead the way towards a better future for your city. Our forward-looking platform of digital tools equips you with everything you need to achieve your own goals, as well as the goals of businesses and residents in your local community.
Become a partner
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00029.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
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https://bugster.forgerock.org/jira/browse/OPENDJ-4328
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code
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If you specify any ciphers on the Administration Connector, tools such as the dsreplication and status fail to connect and can throw communication exceptions.
- Set a cipher such as TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 on the Administration Connector.
- Execute "dsreplication status" or "status"
- DJ 3.5.x fails.
- DS 5.0 succeeds.
In both of the above cases, SSL debug shows the cipher suites as unsupported, when in fact this works in DJ4.0/DS5.0.
In 3.5.x the final "Cipher Suites" list does not contain the above cipher, while in the working case, (4.0.0) the cipher suite is shown.
Note: the last cipher in the paste below is the configured cipher
- The initial ssl debug shows 28 messages for "Ignoring unsupported cipher suite"
- The final "Cipher Suites" list shows 22 ciphers in 3.5.x while 4.0.0 has 50.
The only workaround is to unset the ciphers which allows all available ciphers to be evaluated.
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146123.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225141345-20200225171345-00069.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2020-10
| 906
| 11
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http://www.davidtangness.com/journal
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code
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I occasionally hear developers choosing between Behaviour Driven Design and Acceptance Test Driven Development. I'd propose that BDD is ATDD.
At a recent Misfits of QA meetup, I heard about an interesting pain point in the QA process. The gist was that companies rarely invest enough in the diplomatic or managerial skills of their QA workers. It's not an idea I hear often, so I'd like to give it some thought.
Yesterday’s Weekend Testing Americas session brought up a couple of interesting arguments justifying accessibility testing. Accessibility issues can have impact beyond the end user, and testing can be surprisingly cheap.
Thanks to Albert Gareev and Michael Larsen for facilitating the session, and all who contributed to the discussion.
One year ago, I was finishing up my undergraduate degree and was looking for a testing job. Without a long work history to rely on, I decided to start my own practice projects and build a testing portfolio. This raised an obvious question: What does a testing portfolio look like?
Since arriving at my new workplace, I've been struggling with a classic QA problem: What do you do when your release is in X hours, and you have more than X hours of tests to run?
Hi reader, just wanted to give a quick update on why this site stopped getting updated. Short version is: I got a job, and I'm moving to a new apartment in downtown Toronto. Fun stuff, but not much time left over.
Things are starting to stabilize, so I want to get back into writing. Most of my day is spent automating tests in codeception, so that's probably where I'll start. I've got a lazy long weekend coming up, so some content should follow soon after.
I haven’t had much time to spend on this game lately, but I’d like to share what I’ve got so far and record my train-of-thought tackling this game’s controls.
Right now I’ve got some of the shooting mechanics and a first pass at player controls. Your character is a black circle, the enemy is a red circle, and bunkers are blue circles. If you have line-of-sight to your target, you’ll fire at it automatically.
In this build, everything is controlled by left-clicking with the mouse:
-Left-click a bunker to display a movement selector, then click the selector to set your precise destination point.
-Left-click a point on the ground to target that point (will be useful once fog-of-war is added)
-Left-click the enemy to target the enemy (will be useful once fog-of-war is added)
With a couple of Unity tutorials finished, I think I have enough of a toolkit to make my game happen. So it's about time I explained my basic motivation for this game, and planned an implementation. It's very likely that I will need to modify and add ideas as development continues, but this is my starting point.
This article contains my rough notes from the Unity's introductory "Space Shooter" tutorial, which covers many of the same basic concepts as Roll a Ball with some additions (materials, audio, etc). The original tutorial is a short video series following the creation a top-down scrolling shooter click-by-click and line-by-line, with some very useful justifications for each step. You can play my version of the final game here, and find my source code on GitHub here.
This article contains my notes from the Unity's introductory "Roll a Ball" tutorial, covering basic concepts like "Scenes", "GameObjects" and "Components". The original tutorial is a short video series following the creation a simple game click-by-click and line-by-line, with some very useful justifications for each step. I really enjoyed this tutorial, and I'd recommend it to anyone looking to pick up Unity. You can play my version of the final game here, and find my source code on GitHub here.
Now it's time to look back at what went right/wrong in this project, and figure out how to improve for the next one.
For my first foray into Ruby, I've received some glowing recommendations for a website called RubyMonk. This article will cover my rough notes on their most basic tutorial, the "Ruby Primer." The topics covered are very similar to my other coding practice articles, running from simple variables to creating classes and methods to a bit of file IO.
This article contains my notes from the Codeacademy PHP course. This course covered the very basics of PHP, from definition and use of variables and arrays, to functions, to classes and inheritence.
This article contains my rough notes from the JQuery course on Codeacademy. These notes are more information and less commentary than my others, because I had never used JQuery before. Turns out, it has nothing to do with databases!
What follows is a "game analysis," a short essay meant to demonstrate my understanding of game mechanics and their relationship to design and implementation. In the essay, I try to explain the behaviour of AI guards in Splinter Cell: Blacklist in terms of a state machine based on my observations playing through the game.
I've recently been working through the Codeacademy HTML/CSS course, formalizing the scraps of web knowledge I've picked up in past co-op jobs. I like Codeacademy's format, they use an in-browser coding environment with step-by-step exercises to teach the basics of a particular language.
I'm not allowed to directly post the course material, so here are the notes I wrote while taking the course. I'm mostly posting these for posterity, but perhaps somebody somewhere will find them useful.
As part of my quest for employment, I am brushing up on some popular programming languages. In the last couple of days I've been working through the Codeacademy Python course.
Here are the notes I wrote while working through the course. They're rough and I'm mostly posting them for posterity, but they do explain a few points that the Courseacademy material did not cover properly.
As preparation for work interviews, I am taking a few weeks to brush up on popular programming languages. I'm a big fan of the code-it-yourself tutorial style of Codedeacademy, so I'll start with the languages they support.
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https://forum.savingforcollege.com/t/transfering-529s-from-children-to-grandchildren/11683
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Just to supplement this answer, you'll be given a few options when you change the beneficiary. There's a pretty straightforward form to complete, so just be prepared to answer the provide the following to Fidelity:
- The SSN of you, the current beneficiary, and the new beneficiary
- The relationship between beneficiaries (not a problem in your case)
- Whether you want to do a full or partial transfer, meaning if you want the entire account to be in the name of the new beneficiary or not. If you already have an account for the new beneficiary, you'll have the option of putting the assets into that account.
- You will have the option of electing a new investment, so you can change from, say, a currently conservative portfolio to one that is more aggressive for the little one. Or, you could allocate among several portfolios; it's up to you.
VP, Research & Development
This information does not constitute tax advice and is provided for informational purposes only. Please consult your tax advisor, financial advisor, local taxing authority, and/or plan provider or sponsor for more information.
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CC-MAIN-2018-09
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https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Confluence-questions/System-Plugins-won-t-activate-showing-quot-license-may-be/qaq-p/177524
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We are evaluating Confluence 4.2.13 right now. Yesterday our test-server was restarted -- that was not planned and not our decision. After the reboot Confluence started, but a few system-plugins refused to start. Now if we try to activate them manually, a message appears, saying The plugin cannot be activated. Your license may be invalid...
This problem concerns the activation of these plugins:
- Applinks Product Plugin
- JIRA Macros
- ...and maybe a few others
Background information: We were trying to evaluate Confluence with a JIRA-integration. We established a sync between the user directories and we added the application link successfully.
thank you for your advice. I also contacted the Atlassian-Support. They gave me the same advice first, but it didn't work.
Their second advice though was helpfull and solved our problem - we raised the allocated memory. So the problem was caused by limited memory causing the initialization of plugins to fail after 30 seconds default timeout.
Could you please try to remove everything under the following directories:
The _<confluence-home>/bundled-plugins_ folder
The _<confluence-home>/plugin-cache_ folder
The _<confluence-home>/plugins-osgi-cache_ folder
The _<confluence-home>/plugins-temp_ folder
The _<confluence-home>/bundled-plugins_language_ folder
This approach will remove all bundled plugins from your instance, they will be generated again once you restart Confluence.
Hope it helps!
Connect with like-minded Atlassian users at free events near you!Find a group
Connect with like-minded Atlassian users at free events near you!
Unfortunately there are no AUG chapters near you at the moment.Start an AUG
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484772.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218074121-20190218100121-00632.warc.gz
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CC-MAIN-2019-09
| 1,670
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https://discourse.cwicly.com/t/persistent-editor-scale/3508
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code
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I am often working on a laptop and need to scale down the desktop view for better layout/design management within the editor. It would be very helpful if this scale could be persistent (basically entered and saved) so I do not have to re-enter each time I open another page for editing. Unless I am using it incorrectly, it only appears to be persistent for that instance of the editor and lost after closing and moving on to another page for editing.
Thank you for sharing this!
We do have plans to rework the scaling parameter in the future, and I think this would be a great addition to its functionality.
Moving this to planned.
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CC-MAIN-2023-40
| 632
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https://arcticstormmedia.com/hostgator-find-host-name/
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Hostgator Find Host Name
In 2002, HostGator was founded by Brent Oxley in his dormitory at Florida Atlantic College. The firm has actually expanded immensely since then and also continues to do so, every year. Their logo is “We eat up the competitors.”Hostgator Find Host Name
Today, HostGator has headquarters in both Austin and also Houston, Texas, after outgrowing a number of other websites. In 2007, their Brazil office was opened. HostGator has actually won great deals of awards for support and also holding solutions.
An EIG Owned Eco-friendly Host In June 2012 HostGator was gotten by the Endurance International Group (a company that additionally has various other hosting carriers aside from HostGator). Nonetheless, it remains to trade under the HostGator name.
HostGator is an eco-friendly power business. The company purchases Green-e certified Renewable resource Credit reports (RECs) from a wind farm in Texas. 130% eco-friendly energy cools as well as powers all shared and reseller web servers.
We might make a payment– at no extra cost to you– if you make a decision to get any one of the products, software or solutions we describe as well as advertise on our website. The point of views shared are of our very own independent reviewers & creating personnel, appointed to supply practical reviews & their unbiased viewpoint.
You ought to assume that every external web link that you click our web site is an affiliate link that causes us being paid by a partner of ours.
Review of HostGator’s Top Features
Whenever there’s a discussion about host, the name HostGator is bound ahead up, as well as with good factor. Hostgator Find Host Name
Having been around for more than a decade, HostGator can be claimed to be one of the most trusted and identified host. It masters several locations including customer assistance, hosting adaptability, uptime, shared holding, plus a lot more.
This quality in several aspects of host coupled with the firm’s experience, array of features, and performance makes HostGator a wise selection for any type of website proprietor.
What Reward Do You Get?
HostGator provides a series of strategies. If you’re having a hard time to choose on which plan to select, think about these features, which we’ll talk about listed below:
- You handle your account utilizing cPanel, the industry-standard user interface
- To keep your account safe and secure, you get a free Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certification
- If you wish to raise security as well as malware scanning, you will certainly need to get SiteLock
- Even the entry-level common holding strategy includes support for unlimited email accounts
- Month-to-month payment alternatives are offered
- One-click installs, even from the fundamental strategyHostgator Find Host Name
- Accessibility to the web site builder– at a price
- A Content Distribution Network (CDN) maintains your website quickly
- Numerous assistance choices including real-time conversation
With all the other web hosting carriers that are offered, why choose HostGator? Well, the truth is that no single host is ideal. So, whether you’re a novice webmaster or are wanting to alter webhosting, below’s a glance at the excellent and also the poor of HostGator to help you make the best decision.
HostGator’s Hosting Plans
Among the most effective features of HostGator is the truth that the firm uses versatile packages that leave individuals (both large and also tiny businesses/blogs) with lots of space to expand.
One of the most standard of the packages, the “Hatchling Strategy,” includes assistance for one domain name, endless transmission capacity, disk area, databases, shared SSL certificate, plenty of e-mail addresses, and assistance for third-party applications like content administration systems.
Other common hosting plans build on this Hatchling package by including extra features such as unrestricted domains, exclusive SSL certificate, as well as a toll-free phone number (simply to name a few.).
VPS and also Committed Organizing Strategies.
Alternatively, if you need more power, or have specific needs that shared web servers can not fulfill, there’s the alternative of more advanced packages such as VPS as well as Committed web server strategies. The highest tier VPS bundle offers 8GB RAM, 240GB storage, and month-to-month data transfers topped at 3TB.
Committed server plans, on the other hand, can be personalized with approximately 16GB of RAM, 25TB of month-to-month data transfers, as well as a remarkable 1TB of storage space.
HostGator additionally supplies Cloud as well as WordPress organizing, which we dig into below. You can always visit HostGator’s main websites to find one of the most upgraded holding plans available as well as their specifics.
The business likewise supplies WordPress organizing with the most affordable plan enabling one website with as much as 100,000 visitors monthly. The most affordable WordPress strategy also includes 1GB backups. Higher-end strategies permit up to 3 websites and approximately 500,000 visitors monthly.
At the same time, the top WordPress holding plan additionally permits up to 3GB in back-ups.Hostgator Find Host Name
Tons Ahead of Its Competitors
All WordPress hosting plans include maximized cloud design, low-density web servers, CDN, and numerous caching layers which mean that websites load up to a supposed 2.5 times faster than rivals.
HostGator experts are also available to provide a cost-free migration service as well as top-notch support in case anything breaks.
What Regarding Efficiency and also Uptime?
HostGator guarantees a 99.9% uptime and has the sources to back it up.
Powered by Countless Global Web Servers.
Among the biggest as well as most popular host, HostGator has countless web servers under its administration.
HostGator servers are checked 24/7 by on-site technological team. Protected Infrastructure for Connection of Service. Along with being tactically situated throughout the globe, these web servers utilize top qualityserver hardware and are housed in state-of-the-art data centers that take all the required steps (UPS battery backup devices, top-tier HVAC systems, continuous framework surveillance, fire protection systems, etc.) to ensure performance remains flawless as well as undisturbed.
Thanks to these world-class data centers and also their critical areas, HostGator provides dependable, high quality performance that never disappoints.
Uptime and Rate
HostGator has an over 90% consumer satisfaction (from a June 2008 client complete satisfaction study). HostGator preserves an average of 99.9% uptime. And along with the dependable uptime, HostGator likewise provides acceptable lots times with rates varying from 22 to 940ms depending upon the browser’s area.
Just How Good is HostGator’s Consumer Support?
When it comes to consumer support, really couple of webhosting can take on HostGator’s customer care. The firm even has honors to verify this truth. For basic concerns as well as issues, you can make use of HostGator’s e-mail assistance, which is constantly readily available, social networks assistance on Facebook, Twitter, Google+.
When you register for a HostGator plan, you can ask for a free website transfer.
Or seek responses from the business’s extensive knowledgebase, which has lots of Frequently asked questions, practical short articles, and also video clip tutorials that stroll you with some of the controls. HostGator likewise offers a forum where you can ask concerns and address those positioned by various other users of the web host.
Alternatively, if you require a bit much more instant assistance, or are experiencing a problem that requires special attention, HostGator has client support reps on standby 24/7/365 prepared to assist you with whatever questions you might have.
These agents can be reached by phone or live chat.Hostgator Find Host Name
Exists a Money-Back Guarantee?
No locked-in agreements and also a 45-day money-back warranty. Implying if you decide to cancel within the first 45 days of joining, you obtain a full refund, no questions asked.
Further making HostGator a great catch is the reality that the host throws in a few added features with their numerous organizing plans. As an example, each hosting plan includes several free offers.
You obtain a totally free web site builder as well as site building tools, endless data transfer and also disk space, over 4,000 site templates, cost-free domain transfers, as well as endless MySQL databases.
Various other bonus that you can anticipate with HostGator consist of:.
- $ 150 worth of Google Adwords or Bing/Yahoo advertising and marketing credit histories.
- Cost-free site transfers when you want to relocate your internet site from an additional host to HostGator. As well as the most effective part is that your site can be updated during the transfer at no cost. Nonetheless, the stated movement needs to be done within 1 month from the day you subscribe.
- A complimentary domain for the first term when you transfer as well as set up a brand-new account.
- 1-click sets up offered for all major open-source tasks such as WordPress, Magento, as well as Joomla.
- A 45-day money-back warranty for all HostGator organizing plans. A lot of webhosting firms only give you a 30-day window to cancel your account as well as obtain your money back.
- A getting-started e-mail with web links to all of the resources you will require to develop your site and get it up as well as running.
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of HostGator?
So, is HostGator the right webhosting for you?
Well, provided the fact that HostGator gives you an easy means to develop as well as handle your site, gives you with all the resources you’ll require to deliver top-level solutions on your site, provides numerous feature-packed organizing packages, and also brings a lots of experience to the table, it can be a suitable webhosting for anyone with an internet site.
A Lot Of Pros
HostGator offers numerous benefits including:.
- Reputable uptime and also rapid feedback times.
- Economical holding plans.
- Plenty of space for development.
- The choice of cloud hosting.
- Versatile e-mail monitoring.
- Free shared or private SSL certification on all organizing plans.
- Generous 45-day money-back assurance that gives customers satisfaction.
- Comprehensive Knowledgebase.
- No restriction on transmission capacity, disk area, as well as e-mails.
- Rock-solid protection.
- Free Weebly website builder.
- A great control board with a lots of features varying from an online file manager to more advanced features such as cron tasks, image manager, mistake logs, and also apache handlers.
In addition, HostGator has a huge data base with answers to virtually any kind of inquiry you might have ranging from the simplest to the most sophisticated. So, when the consumer support group takes as well long to respond to, you can choose the service to your trouble from this knowledgebase.
What Are the Cons?
When it comes to the negatives of the company, you’ll only have to deal with the concern of regular back-ups, slow customer action times (according to several of the host’s individuals), an innovative cPanel that requires some obtaining utilized to, as well as no one-stop WordPress import.Hostgator Find Host Name
Attempt With No Commitment
Given that HostGator has a great deal to such as as well as very couple of things to dislike, you should definitely try the firm if you possess a site or plan to build one.
If the host does not make an excellent suitable for your internet site, the 45-day money-back warranty on offer will certainly permit you to walk away without losing money.
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CC-MAIN-2021-49
| 11,748
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https://get-the-solution.com/special-offer-for-filipinos/
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My goal is to help as many Filipinos as possible as cheaply as possible. Plus offer them a job after the course if they want it. Also, I know many Filipinos may have trouble with this amount so if you have a friend that is smart but can’t afford the class and can learn at your house, then I will let him/her in free with you.
I will make a class online using Zoom. Zoom is free to use. You can use it on your laptop, pad or phone. Get the software at zoom.com
There will be 44 weeks of classes each year with holiday projects. Each class is 90 minutes.
We will offer three types of classes but we can hold more than one class for each type.
- Slow (Tuesday and Thursday) – suggested for busy Middle School Students.
- Medium (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) – suggested for other Middle School Students.
- Fast (Every day Monday through Friday) – suggested for High School Students and older (especially if you want to change careers).
All three types will have a FREE 2-hour lab/homework session.
In case of sickness and we get behind I may record the video offline and put it for you to watch, then offer a longer lab/homework session.
Please let me know what times you are available (please include your time zone) and I will try to schedule the classes to fit your schedule. Also tell me if you want to start September, 2020 or January, 2021.
Our first session will start on about January 2, 2021 unless I get enough students to start this September, 2020.
Late registration is allowed for up to 8 weeks. You will just download all the videos and watch them and do the homework to catch up.
To order now – https://get-the-solution.com/shop/
Sorry, I only offer slow because I want my students to THOROUGHLY learn the material. I have taught too long to even think that students can quickly learn the material well. So, everyone who is a good student in school WILL do well after they finish my class. Most of my material will be put in my upcoming book. Here is a possible picture of the cover of my book. The workbook will be similar.
So, please advertise this course to all your friends and on your social media platforms like Facebook.
Now, in the beginning, it will only be me teaching Python. If I get enough students then I will hire other teachers who have the same ability, to teach at a snail’s pace to teach other important languages. Examples: iPhone/iPad and Android programming, website design, other hot programming languages at the time, etc.
Before the end of the two
Some might ask what will I have these students work on if they work for me? I worked at Equifax (one of the 3 biggest credit reporting agencies in the world) for 8 years as a programmer. My last 2 years was as a tech/manager who was to replace existing programmers making $80,000/year with Indian Programmers who were making $10-$15,000 a year. Now they are charging too much plus their accent was very bad. So, I want to have my Filipino programmers take their place and earn more than the national average plus have an opportunity to make a commission on some of the products. Plus there are a lot of startups in America that can’t afford American programmers, so I can help you work for them from the Philippines.
So, if you are interested in joining me then take my class, do all the programming assignments and the homework and show me that you learned well. Even if you don’t want to work for me doing all that work will surely make you an easy hire for another company.
Click the contact us menu item to send us an email.
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CC-MAIN-2024-10
| 3,531
| 20
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https://forums.episodeinteractive.com/t/yep-i-need-help-again/495979
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code
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Hello! I have a problem with my script. I am trying to make my character (Kaim), walk in through the left side and then stop at the center. I keep coding it like this, but whenever I go check on both my phone and the preview on my laptop, it just shows her standing there, it doesn’t show her walking to it. She does talk but I want to be able to see her walk in.
im sorry for asking you something again lol…can u help me figure out how to make the camera follow the character while it is zoomed up and they are walking. every time i try, the camera follows them but like it only shows like her arm.
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http://stackoverflow.com/questions/424182/net-deployment-clickonce-or-msi-client-settings-parameters
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I've created a windows forms application. I have a requirement of storing some information (in the Registry, Isolated Storage or other serialization method) like ClientID which is a GUID generated from a registration form before the user can download the installation package which is currently ClickOnce deployed. The application is run offline so adding querystring parameters is not an option based on some articles i've read. I thought creating a module to modify the config.deploy file before the client downloads the setup but it might cause some issues when multiple users simultaneously download the app. I'm also looking at having the User enter an email address or any login info at the app's first run, so the necessary info can be downloaded from the web server and stored in the client's machine but i'm not yet sure if they'll approve this method.
I hope I've written this clear enough so I can get some answers soon enough. Any comments/suggestions will be appreciated.
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https://www.sigmarrecruitment.com/job/41631339/java-application-developer/
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My Client, a leading financial services company in Cork is now looking for a permanent Java Developer to join their team.
Reporting into the Development Manager in the US the ideal candidate will get to work within a very exciting and challenging role on a new strategic financial application.
- Proactively design, develop and code a J2EE-based Data/Risk/Operations Management application according to development best practices and current development technologies
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- Experience in development of enterprise level J2EE applications and delivering efficient and scalable solutions.
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This is an excellent opportunity to join an established company as it expands its Irish operations in Cork. There are career progression opportunities. This is a permanent full-time role with excellent salary and benefits package
Following your application for this specific role, Sigmar may contact you regarding other positions that we feel you may be suitable for. If you do not wish to be contacted about other opportunities please let us know. For further information please refer to the Privacy Statement on our website.
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00396/full
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Hypothesis and Theory ARTICLE
Designing Guiding Systems for Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Team Hybrid, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Rennes, France
Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) community has focused the majority of its research efforts on signal processing and machine learning, mostly neglecting the human in the loop. Guiding users on how to use a BCI is crucial in order to teach them to produce stable brain patterns. In this work, we explore the instructions and feedback for BCIs in order to provide a systematic taxonomy to describe the BCI guiding systems. The purpose of our work is to give necessary clues to the researchers and designers in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) in making the fusion between BCIs and HCI more fruitful but also to better understand the possibilities BCIs can provide to them.
Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow capturing the brain activity of users by processing and classifying their brain signals with the purpose of generating commands for any computer system. There are many applications of BCIs (van Erp et al., 2012), traditionally in medicine (Wolpaw et al., 2002; interaction with locked-in patients, typing for quadriplegics) but also increasingly out-of-the lab applications such as controlling devices (e.g., car, robotic arm—Chapter 6.2 in Tan and Nijholt, 2010), user-state monitoring (e.g., workload Pike et al., 2014) for interface and task adaptation, as well as gaming (Nijholt et al., 2009).
Mastering the production of stable brain signal patterns (van Erp et al., 2012) is a crucial component of all existing BCI systems. Learning this skill can be challenging, requiring hours of training and repetitive practice, especially for continuous control. Users must train to adapt their brain signal patterns to make them easy to recognize by a computer (Lotte et al., 2013). For the first BCI applications, the training technique used was Operant Conditioning (OC). OC produces good results; however, it requires extensive and painstaking training (up to several months): all the effort in learning to use the BCI is incumbent on the user. Subsequently, with the appearance of machine learning techniques, it became common to train classifiers. This allowed reduction of the training time to hours (at most), instead of days or months, by shifting the focus from the user to the system. Instead of training the user to adapt, we train a classifier to adapt to each user. However, even then, users do not have an easy way of knowing whether they imagine the action in a consistent or correct manner so that the system can recognize their brain signal patterns. One of the solutions to alleviate the severity of this issue is the use of neurofeedback (Gruzelier et al., 2006), which consists of displaying components or features of the user’s brain signals in real time (e.g., the blue bar in Figure 1A). This allows users to get a sense of how to modulate their signals during the training of a classifier, which contributes to making the job of the classifier easier. Yet, even today, feedback is designed at a low level in an often unappealing form and is thus difficult for users to understand and interpret. Currently, the improvement of feedback in BCIs is an essential step towards improving BCI performance and usability (Lotte et al., 2013). This is crucial for BCIs based on the recognition of mental imagery tasks (motor imagery (MI), visual imagery, etc.), so-called active BCIs, are the focus of this article. When a person tries an active BCI, he or she usually does not know: (1) which imagination strategies are demanded to control the application; and (2) what are the mental states associated to these commands.
Figure 1. Examples of feedback in traditional brain–computer interface (BCI) training protocols (TPs; usually for expert users). Figure is reproduced with permission from the copyright holder. (A) Classification feedback from GRAZ BCI protocol: an arrow pointing right indicates to the learner to imagine a right hand movement. The blue bar gives feedback with its direction and length based on the classifier output. Thus it shows how well the mental task is recognized. The bar extends towards the left for an imagined left hand movement, and toward the right for the imagined right hand movement (adapted from http://OpenViBE.inria.fr). (B) Brain signals where only relevant activity has been preserved.
There is no unified approach to address this problem, current BCI training protocols (TPs)1 are mostly neglecting the human and his/her needs in the loop.
In this article we propose a guiding system for feedback and feedforward mechanisms in BCIs. It should be stressed that this framework is only based on theory and its related hypotheses. As such, it is not a proven solution, and would require formal validation in the future. Nonetheless, we hope this article will provoke discussions, debates and more works on this important area of BCI research.
Our design space builds on well-known concepts in the Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) domain, such as fundamental aspects of guidance: the feedback and feedforward. From the BCI domain we inspire ourselves from design recommendations for BCIs as (Lotte et al., 2013), and part 2, chapter one from Kosmyna (2015) as there are no guiding systems and very few design options for guidance in BCIs. From the HCI domain we inspire ourselves from design recommendations from Delamare et al. (2015) initially proposed in the context of gestural interaction. We articulate and apply those recommendations to the design of BCI guiding systems. Our design space defines a unifying framework for the design of BCI guiding systems by organizing a set of design issues along axes.
Related Work: Training in Brain–Computer Interfaces
We first review and introduce the main BCI concepts that are necessary for the understanding of this article. We will follow the steps of the “BCI loop” that symbolizes the typical BCI experience. A BCI is a closed loop between a user and the system. Generally, the user interacts with the system and the system gives feedback about its decision state after the interaction. The BCI loop is composed of (in order): the signal acquisition process; the signal processing step, in which signals are processed and prepared; the feature extraction phase, in which we identify and extract salient features from the signal; and the classification stage, in which the features are matched to the classifier model to identify one of the phenomena it was trained to capture.
The first modern BCI systems based on machine learning were trained and evaluated offline (with prerecorded signals) and were the first step towards the development of better feature extraction and signal processing techniques. Those developments then made possible the appearance of single-trial classification BCI systems that could be used online as well (i.e., used directly for a task). Among those systems, there is a distinction between synchronous and asynchronous systems.
Synchronous BCIs follow a two-phase protocol. First, signals from users are recorded while they perform a series of imagined actions (e.g., moving the left hand for MI-based BCIs) or while they are subjected to stimuli (e.g., flickering targets or LEDs for SSVEP BCIs). Then, a classifier is trained to recognize the different imagined actions or stimuli. Finally, the BCI system can be used online. In synchronous BCIs, the use of the system is not continuous (the user cannot act freely and use the system at any time). The system gives a cue to users before the stimulus is generated or before they must perform an imagined action. Then, signals are recorded for a fixed period of time (e.g., 5 s) to produce a labeled training instance. The system then gives the classification output, after which there is a resting phase (e.g., lasting 10 s) before the cycle starts over. In contrast, asynchronous BCIs capture and classify brain signals continuously to achieve a fully real-time system, where a user can act freely and use the system at any time (Nooh et al., 2011). As for the feedback, in synchronous systems, feedback is present during fixed periods, whereas in asynchronous systems feedback can be present all the time.
Feedback in BCI Training Systems
In BCI systems, feedback (from the system to the user) is considered as a fundamental component of the system (Lécuyer et al., 2008) that helps users to modulate their brain activity but also to display the result of the classification. The current design of feedback for BCIs remains limited and rarely considers user satisfaction as a primary concern. As suggested by Lotte et al. (2013), there is a need for a shift in current feedback designs to get closer to practices in instructional design, in which maximizing the learning potential is key. The situation is starting to change, however, as works are appearing that use more varied or multimodal feedback.
We will first present a more detailed account of system feedback approaches, then go into possible solutions for user feedback.
System feedback is mostly concerned with showing the BCI user what the results of the recognition and classification of the brain signals are. However, the visualization of the classification output mostly remains an ad hoc process. There are usually few classes to choose from and the outcomes are often visualized through the resulting in-task action triggered by the BCI (e.g., when interacting with a virtual reality environment or controlling a robot). However, before real-time use, a training phase is required: a supervised training session, OC and/or a familiarization session to let the user get acquainted with the nature of BCI control. The training phase needs to be task independent and yet ground the user in the reality of the task. We can see that there is clearly a dichotomy when it comes to system feedback: on the one hand, the task feedback, that represents the actual performance of the user (or just feedback in the latter of this article), and on the other hand, the training feedback, that represents the information needed to perform the task (or feedforward in the latter of this article). Both terms feedback and feedforward are also explained in Section “Design Recommendations for BCI Training Protocols” of this article.
Lotte et al. (2013) summarize that BCI training feedback is often only evaluative (quantitative measure of how good the performance is) and corrective (whether the task was performed well or not). This does not match findings in instructional design and computerized formative feedback (Shute, 2008). More specifically, a common type of feedback, notably for imagery tasks, is to provide the distance from the separating plane. It is a numerical value that can then be represented by a slider or in other ways. One of the justifications for such a feedback representation is that there is an overlap with neurofeedback, in which some representations of the signals (features, frequency components) are displayed to the users in real time to help them modulate their brain signals (for a visual example see Figure 1). However, such representations imply that users must have some knowledge about the various properties of brain signals and in general how the brain and action potentials function. Acquiring such knowledge is not necessarily easy and is certainly not the most desirable requirement for the usability of the system. Furthermore, the semantics of the training phase are different from the semantics of the task itself.
In order to alleviate current limitations, one of the directions is to build BCI systems that exploit some form of user feedback.
Aside from system feedback, we have a possibility of incorporating user feedback as a way of further adapting the BCI system to the user and inducing learning. The feedback from the user to the system can either be implicit or explicit, although the latter has seldom been explored directly. Implicit feedback exploits physiological signals or activity from users to detect errors automatically (e.g., through error-related negativity (ERNs)). Explicit feedback is somewhat related to the notion of incremental training for BCI classifiers. In a traditional supervised TP, signals are first acquired offline and used to train the classifier before users can use it online. In incremental training, the classifier can be used online directly, and training examples can be added while the system is being used, which means that there could be a very short training session. Additional training examples can be captured through feedback from the user, for example. Incremental training has been shown to improve BCI performance. Millán and Mouriño (2003) demonstrated the potential of incremental training using a simple classification technique (Elmann Neural Network). They showed that the resulting classifiers after offline training and online incremental training are statistically similar. Llera et al. (2012) have proposed a theoretical model based on the idea of a “reinforcement signal” that incorporates both the notions of explicit and implicit feedback in a common framework.
Design Recommendations for BCI Training Protocols
There are no guiding systems and very few design options for guidance in BCIs. There are few design recommendations as few options have been identified. Indeed, design options have to be identified first before studying their impact on usability.
We describe the design recommendations identified in the literature according to the two fundamental aspects of guidance: feedback and feedforward. While some studies consider both aspects, some focus only on one of them, either feedback or feedforward. We first give a brief definition of feedback and feedforward mechnisms, as these terms are mostly used in HCI, but only feedback mechanism is explicitly used by BCI community. We then discuss the guiding systems from HCI, particularly we take an example of gesture-based interaction from Delamare et al. (2015).
Two Categories of Axis: Feedback and Feedforward
Our design space is thus composed of two categories corresponding to two aspects for guiding systems: feedback and feedforward (Figure 2). Feedback provides information about the outcomes of the imagined actions already performed by the user (i.e., in the past). For a mental imagery guiding system, the feedback should provide information about the performed imagination and how well this imagination is executed or recognized (i.e., intended/recognized action). Feedforward provides information prior to any action (i.e., for future actions). For a BCI guiding system, the feedforward mechanism should contain two types of information: (a) available mental commands to the user as well as (b), how to trigger these commands using mental activity.
Figure 2. The position of feedforward and feedback in Norman’s Stages of Action model (Image adapted from Vermeulen et al., 2013).
Feedback in BCIs
Lotte et al. (2013) propose three dimensions for the feedback mechanism in spontaneous BCIs.
• BCI Feedback should be meaningful. The feedback should indicate (at least roughly) when the user performed the mental task correctly. We include this dimension in our design space as “performance level” of “What” axis.
• BCI Feedback should be explanatory. The feedback should indicate the user what was performed well/wrong, and how to improve/keep this performance. Currently, BCI feedback is mostly corrective, which means that the user only obtains the result “correct/wrong” but he/she doesn’t have the clues how and why he/she managed to get this result. Please check Lotte et al. (2013) for suggestions on how to try to achieve such feedback. We include this dimension in our design space as “performance level” of “What” axis.
• BCI Feedback could be multimodal. Some research studies report using multimodal feedback, which is combined two or more modalities. Although up to now, these works have provided mixed results (a combination of audio and visual feedback decreased BCI performance Hinterberger et al., 2004), while a combination of haptic and visual feedback increased the performances (Gomez-Rodriguez et al., 2011; Ramos-Murguialday et al., 2012), we consider the multimodal feedback could be beneficial for some users and we include it in our design space, as a dimension in “How” axis.
Formative Feedback for BCIs
Both Lotte et al. (2013) and Kosmyna (2015) discuss the idea of formative, educational feedback for BCIs. Current BCI feedback is entirely agnostic to the many factors that can affect human learning and especially the level of mastery of the user. Depending on this level of mastery and the type of task, different strategies should be preferred in order to optimize the learning by users.
If we take the example of a classroom, the individual performance of each student will strongly depend on many external factors pertaining to the learning environment and to individual successes and failures. It is to be expected that a child who is working in an environment perceived as hostile or negative and who is accustomed to failures, will not be able to reach his full potential and may be caught up in a downward spiral that completely squanders any hope of success (Shute, 2008). The study on emotional design by Plass et al. (2014) clearly identifies a strong correlation between the performance of students and the presence of positive or negative emotions. Specifically, a positive mood will favor interest and motivation, while negative emotions favor focus. In the above example where one wants to learn, positive emotions are an essential drive to learning better. When the users are in an undesirable state of mind, or have trouble understanding the objective, providing feedback can bring them to understand the situation better and guide them towards a more desirable state of mind. This type of formative feedback is typically used in educational situations where teaching is specifically tailored to one individual of a small group, as defined by Shute (2008). In education, feedback from the students to teachers is at least as essential than the converse. Indeed, such feedback provides invaluable information to the teachers about their shortcoming and allows them to improve and better tailor the content to the students. Starting from the feedback framework proposed by Mason and Bruning (2001), Kosmyna (2015) has proposed to adapt it and to make it more suitable for BCIs. She presented a feedback taxonomy, where each level corresponds to a different variable of the system that characterizes the feedback to be used as well as it various delivery modalities (Figure 3). She divided the taxonomy according to the mastery level of BCIs of the users (i.e., their experience), as feedback strategies evolve as the skill of users evolves. We will now describe in more details the framework proposed by Kosmyna (2015) in order to better position our choices for the guiding system.
Figure 3. A hierarchy of feedback modalities and types for BCIs from Kosmyna (2015). Figure is reproduced with permission from the copyright holder.
The nature of the task specific feedback depends on the task level. For a low level atomic task, such as moving a mouse cursor with MI, a form of very simple feedback can be the position of the cursor being updated as the users perform the action. However, for a more complex and abstract task, possibly combining several low level tasks, the nature of the feedback can take more abstract forms as well. Let us take the example of driving a radio controlled model car using MI that always goes forward and that can be turned left or right by the user. The feedback could, of course be displayed as the individual atomic feedbacks, however for the action of driving it becomes possible to overlay a higher level type of feedback, for example, recommendations on how to more easily and quickly switch between left and right in short succession.
Feedback timing corresponds to the time delay between the moment the user performs an interaction or a task and the time the feedback is provided to them.
This distinction relies on the fact that for novice users, skills for the use of BCIs and for the tasks in certain cases have not yet started to be established. Furthermore, users do not yet have the ability to tell how they are performing. Thus, an immediate feedback would be the most beneficial for them, than the negative effects of the interruption (Shute, 2008). On the other hand, experienced users have acquired the automatisms already and know the possible errors, their severity and how to spot them. Thus, giving immediate feedback would simply be disruptive without bringing any benefit to the users at that level. In that case, it makes sense to provide feedback only after a session so that the users can analyze it calmly.
To illustrate this more concretely, let us take the example of piano players. For a novice piano player currently practicing scales, the succession of fingers used is very important and if he or she made a mistake, the tutor would immediately intervene and correct them. Otherwise they might take bad habits that would be detrimental for later. For an advanced player rehearsing a piece of music on the other hand, an interruption mid-piece would be very detrimental and would spoil the playing session. The tutor will simply wait for the end of the piece to make remarks on some of the details.
The feedback trigger type is related to the feedback delay. Indeed, forced feedback corresponds to a feedback type and timing that are imposed by the system. On the other hand, on-demand feedback corresponds to a situation where feedback will be provided only if the user asks for it.
For novice users, imposing feedback allows them to learn steadily, without adding the extra cognitive load of deciding when to get feedback. While for expert user most aspects of the interaction are automated, for novices who do not have automatisms yet, the cognitive load of the task on its own is overwhelming enough and should be prioritized. Expert users who spend very little time consciously thinking about the task itself, have more available cognitive resources as well as more experience to decide when they really need feedback.
Prior knowledge corresponds to how well the user knows the task to be performed:
• Low prior knowledge means the user has never or rarely performed this task before.
• Medium prior knowledge corresponds to a user who has some experience with the task or with BCIs or with other interaction modalities.
• High prior knowledge corresponds to a user who has extensive knowledge of the task. For example for a novice BCI user with an extensive prior knowledge of the task, the task specific feedback needs to be toned down, while the BCI specific feedback has to be adapted accordingly. The same goes for a user expert with BCIs but novice with the task.
As an example, the first case corresponds to a flute player who knows a specific piece very well and who tries to play that piece on a saxophone (the task here is to play a piece on a saxophone). On the other hand the second case corresponds to a flute player who is learning how to play a new piece of music (the task here is to play a new piece on a flute).
According to Barbero and Grosse-Wentrup (2010), less precise and positively biased feedback can provide a positive placebo effect on BCI performance, while it is detrimental to experienced users. For more experienced users, negatively biased feedback will tend to be more effective. Indeed, in experienced users a realistic feedback is necessary that specifically points out errors committed (corrective) and that gives a somewhat harsher judgment of performance so as to motivate such users to work harder in order to improve. Other factors such as an internal vs. external incentive system have an influence on the type of feedback. Negatively biased feedback for experienced users presupposes mainly internal incentives (strong personal motivation) rather than external incentives (e.g., economical gain).
We can also make a parallel with the experiments performed by Plass et al. (2014) where it was shown that a positive affective environment benefits motivation and curiosity, which is in fact what novice users need to start learning. On the other hand an environment charged with negative emotions will mostly lead to a better focus, which is what experts users need, since they have already learned/obtained the skills needed to perform the task.
Feedback Modality Types
Feedback modalities correspond to the actual types of feedback that can be provided to the users either individually or jointly. Depending on the level of the user one or more types may be better adapted than others.
Descriptive and goal oriented feedback gives to users a series of instructions that will lead them to a correct interaction. The instructions can be displayed either as text, speech, etc. This type of feedback is ideal for novices and intermediary users who are not entirely familiar with the goal to accomplish.
Task specific feedback, as the name indicates, corresponds to feedback about the task itself. This type of feedback is dependent on the task and usually essential as it gives an idea of the effect of performing actions relative to the task. For example in the case of rotating objects with left and right hand MI, the task specific feedback would be the updated rotation of the object on screen. Without such feedback the user would be unable to tell if anything is happening at all.
Corrective feedback points out to user where and when they made mistakes and a likely explanation as to what happened. Experienced users can make the most of this type of feedback as they can effectively make use of the recommendation to rectify the error on their own.
Repeat until correct is a feedback type that goes in hand with corrective feedback and that makes sure the users have successfully learned how to correct their mistakes (by having them redo the action until it is successful). Such a repetition could be counterproductive and frustrating for novice users who lack most of the base knowledge.
For our guiding system we decided not to keep the “prior knowledge” axes but we reused the “feedback trigger” in our “Trigger” axis for both feedback and feedforward mechanism. We also used the “corrective feedback” and “descriptive and goal oriented feedback” notions for our guiding system.
Feedforward in BCIs
There are very few works on feedforward in BCIs. Lotte et al. (2013) discuss the feedforward mechanism in asynchronous BCIs. First of all, it should be mentioned that in BCIs the common term used for feedforward is training instruction. In current BCI training procedures, these instructions are not considered systematically, and often are omitted in the research reports. Most of the time they consist in asking the subject to perform the targeted mental task before actual BCI session, e.g., to imagine a left-hand movement, or to perform an actual left-hand movement to make sure the participants understand the task (Neuper et al., 2005). Demonstrating the skill, and/or providing the pre-training and explanations related to the task are the crucial part of any training as pointed out by instructional design literature, not only in BCIs (Hattie and Timperley, 2007; Merrill, 2007; Moreno and Mayer, 2007). This suggests, the during BCI session, the participants could be asked to remember a situation in which they may have used the task they will mentally imagine later. For example, the participants could be instructed to remember a situation in which they performed a given left-hand movement (e.g., during a sport session) before imagining it. This recall of a prior experience is expected to facilitate the learning process (Merrill, 2007), and it was shown that this experience is indeed correlated to BCI performance (Halder et al., 2011). Similarly, showing the user a demonstration of a successfully working BCI system might also increase the learning of the BCI skill (Merrill, 2007).
Based on these remarks we suggest the “What” axis of our design space on feedforward, where the imagined actions could be displayed to a user.
Feedback in HCI: Example of Guiding System for Gesture-Based Interaction
The world of HCI proposes hundreds of different design spaces, but we focus in this article on the example of guiding systems for gestures. As Delamare et al. (2015) argue, 2D- and 3D-based gesture systems are not yet fully present in our everyday lives because “they are not self-revealing”, e.g., users do not know when and which sets of gestures are available for the current system that they are using and for which commands, but also how to trigger them. These systems draw a parallel with BCI systems that are also not self-revealing.
Delamare et al. (2015) define several dimensions for guiding systems for gesture-based interaction through the questions “What, When, How, Where”, three of which we reuse within our design space. They present the following axes: the recognition value, filtering, update rate and perspectives, which we describe in more details in section “General Structure of the Design Space”. Our design space integrates the aforementioned axes, as well as the previously cited works from “Related Work” Section. We unify them into a common structure and extend them in order to provide a specific design space for guiding systems in BCIs.
Our Design Space for Guiding Systems in BCIS
We start by presenting the structure of our design space—two types and three orthogonal groups. We then describe each axis of our design space.
General Structure of the Design Space
Our design space contains two categories corresponding to two aspects for guiding systems: feedback and feedforward. Both of these mechanisms have three groups of design axes related to three questions: when (temporal characteristics), What (content characteristics), How (medium characteristics). Twenty-eight axes compose our design space (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Guiding system for BCIs with 28 axes organized according to two categories—(A) Feedback and (B) Feedforward. Each category is composed of three groups—When (temporal characteristics), What (content characteristics), How (medium characteristics).
This group of axes characterizes the temporal features of the feedback and feedforward mechanisms. Here we distinguish the beginning (i.e., the trigger), the middle (i.e., the execution) and the end (i.e., the end of the guiding mode) of the imagined action.
We propose two axes for the trigger event:
• Initiative: the mechanism could either rely on user only or it could be executed by a system. For example, a user-triggered feedforward mechanism may display the available imagined actions if the user already used a particular mental command. A system-triggered mechanism could display more feedforward information if the user has difficulties imagining the actions (not recognized by the classifier, etc.).
If the choice to trigger the feedback/feedfroward mechanism was made by user, we further distinguish an axis called sensory modality, which defines if the user used the same type of BCI paradigm to activate the feedback/feedforward or he/she used another type of BCI paradigm, or a different input modality. The BCI systems that use more than one modality (BCI or other type) are also known in BCI terminology as hybrid systems. In the past few years, it has been proposed to combine BCIs with a keyboard (Nijholt and Tan, 2008), a computer mouse (Mercier-Ganady et al., 2013), or a joystick (Leeb et al., 2013). Several types of BCIs can also be used at the same time (Li et al., 2010; Fruitet et al., 2011). In Gürkök et al. (2011), participants can switch at will between a SSVEP-based BCI and a speech recognition system. Several works propose to combine BCI and gaze-tracking, for instance, using P300 (Choi et al., 2013) and MI (Zander et al., 2010) BCIs. All of the aforementioned examples are not used for feedback/feedforward mechanisms though.
Once the feedback or feedforward mechanism were activated, the guiding system will be executed in the following manner:
• Update Rate: the information can be updated in continuous or discrete way. An example of a continuous update rate is a feedback mechanism showing the features of the classifier in real time. It allows the user to evaluate his/her imagined actions. Another example is a feedforward mechanism providing visual representations of the possible imagined actions (for example, an image o the movement in case of MI) updated during the execution of the imagined action. A discrete update rate can be further described regarding its type:
• Discrete Type: the system can display the information once or many times. The system can display a final feedback at the end of the execution of imagined action, what illustrates the once option. The system can update the available mental commands each time the user performs one (for example, in the case of the drone piloting task, a system can show “Turn left”, “Turn right”, “Land” options once the user performed an imagined action to take the drone off), what illustrates a multi-step option. In the case of feedback mechanism, multi-step can also provide a possibility to the system to show more information than just a classification output (for example, it might also provide the features of the classifier, etc.).
In order to end the feedback/feedforward mechanism, we propose the following axis:
• Sustainability: the mechanism can be transient or sustained. Transient mechanism implies that feedback and/or feedforward will automatically disappear once the system recognizes a mental command from the user. Moreover if the system monitors the performance of the user, the system can judge that feedback and/or feedforward is no longer needed. For the case of a sustained mode, a user should select a dedicated command “close/end”. This option could be potentially interesting as if we look through the articles about BCI systems, this possibility is never discussed in feedback mechanism, e.g., feedback is either present all the time or it is absent, and the user has no control over its sustainability.
This group of axes defines the information conveyed by the feedback/feedforward mechanisms. Feedforward mechanism provides information about the imagined actions, that will be undertaken by the user, and the feedback mechanism provides the information about past imagined actions performed by the user.
Group What: Mental Imagery
A guiding system provides information about: the performed imagined activity (user’s Evaluation), the recognized or intended imagined activity (system’s Evaluation), and the imagined actions managed by the system (feedforward mechanism).
• User’s Evaluation: in order to allow the user to evaluate her/his imagined activity, the system can display the performed (recognized by the system) imagined action or display the brain activation zones so the user can judge if his brain activated zones are the ones required for this task (also known as neurofeedback).
• System’s Evaluation: the system can present the intended and/or the recognized imagined action. The user can correct his/her imagined action by comparing the executed and the intended imagined action and by knowing what the system actually recognizes, when he/she imagines left hand movement, for example.
Feedforward mechanism: the system can reveal all available mental commands, a subset of them or only one command. For example, in the drone piloting task, a system can show only “take off” command, as it is the first one to start using the system (one), or it can display the “turn left” and “turn right” commands at one time (subset), or to show all possible commands e.g., “take off”, “move forward”, “turn left”, “turn right”, “land” (all). The system can also display the brain activation zones needed for performing the task.
Group What: Performance Value for Feedback
The system might evaluate the imagined actions of the user. It can compare the performed imagined action and the intended/recognized imagined action and provide the performance value: a binary value, an interval or a real value of the user performance. A binary value can be the result of a classifier such as “recognized” or “not”. A real value can be the classifier’s score for a given imagined action or a custom metric such as the distance between the intended and current imagined actions.
Group What: Impact of Feedback onto Feedforward
The feedforward mechanism could be impacted by the feedback mechanism, e.g., performance of the user, etc. Past actions can have two impacts on the informational content provided by the feedforward mechanism:
• Presentation: based on the already executed/recognized imagined action, the guiding system can remove mental actions from the initial set of mental actions available at the beginning. For example, if the performance values of the user for turning the drone left and right are very low (based on some predefined threshold), then the system can only display “moving forward”, “land”, and propose the try the “turn left”/“turn right” commands later.
• Correction: the guiding system can modify the content of the feedforward based on the already executed imagined actions, e.g., add or delete the information related to the already performed action, and so on.
This group of axes describes how the feedback or feedforward mechanism provides guiding information:
• Sensory Modality: the system can transmit information through a visual, haptic or audio sensory modality. For example, it can visually display the shape of the imagined actions, use tactile stimuli to convey the scale of the deviation between intended and performed imagined actions or use a sound to indicate the success or failure of a process of imagination. Regarding the visual modality, as the most commonly used one nowadays, as will be discussed later, we further distinguish the perspective: egocentric (i.e., the information is presented from the user’s point of view), exocentric (i.e., from a third person’s point of view) or tethered perspective, that is attached to the user, but still separated from him/her, such as an augmented mirror with a head-coupled mechanism.
Design Space Validation and Usage Discussion
A design space can be characterized along three dimensions (Beaudouin-Lafon, 2004):
• Descriptive power: describe a significant range of systems.
• Evaluative power: help figuring out which design options to choose.
• Generative power: help designing new systems.
Unfortunately, as feedback and feedforward are mostly neglected aspects in BCI community, there are very few studies available so as to properly show the descriptive and evaluative power of the proposed guiding system. To assess the coverage of the guiding system, we give and discuss hereafter 10 examples of existing BCI systems (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Coverage of the proposed guiding system with examples of the existing works from state of the art represented in black.
We briefly explain each of the systems depending on which axes it represents.
Kübler et al. (2001) proposed a system that displays a smiley after each successful trial. (Leeb et al., 2007) replaced the cursor with a gray smiley that moves towards the left or the right depending on the classifier output. After each trial, the smiley becomes green and happy if the trial is successful, sad and red if not.
Most of the systems provide the real value, where feedback is introduced in the form of a bar or a cursor shown on screen, whose direction indicates the mental task recognized by the classifier and whose size is proportional to the confidence of the classifier in the recognized task (Pfurtscheller and Neuper, 2001).
Kosmyna et al. (2015) propose the visualization of the distance features of the classifier, where the user sees the distance between obtained/desired action.
The classifier output in auditory feedback is represented by variations in the frequency of the sound (Gargiulo et al., 2012), its volume (McCreadie et al., 2014), or tone (Hinterberger et al., 2004; Nijboer et al., 2008).
Tactile feedback has been notably used in a medical context. Wilson et al. (2012) proposed lingual electro-tactile stimulation, while Gomez-Rodriguez et al. (2011) and Ramos-Murguialday et al. (2012) focused on proprioceptive feedback (i.e., information about the limbs’ position and about the strength developed while performing a movement) and show that proprioceptive feedback allows increasing BCI performance, indicating that this type of feedback is promising for patients. Haptic feedback indicated the classifier output, either by varying the vibration patterns (e.g., different motor activation rhythms according to the classifier output; Chatterjee et al., 2007) or varying its spatial location (Cincotti et al., 2007; McCreadie et al., 2014). Jeunet et al. (2015) proposed continuously updated tactile feedback for MI task.
Tethered Perspective of Providing the Information
This setup was used for the Mind-Mirror project by Mercier-Ganady et al. (2014). It enables the visualization of the brain activity “inside of one’s head” by superimposition (Figure 6). The brain activity is extracted in real-time and is displayed in a mirror-based AR setup in front of the user’s skull in semi-transparency.
Figure 6. The Mind–Mirror system: a virtual brain superimposed to the real user’s image (photomontage). Figure is reproduced with permission from the copyright holders.
Neuper et al. (2005) attempt kinesthetic imagination of movements for their participants (i.e., to imagine performing the motion, feeling the same sensations, without actually moving) rather than simply visual imagination of the movements.
Kober et al. (2013), on the other hand, show that the users were not given any specific strategy at the beginning of the training phase.
The analysis of these works suggests that:
• the majority of the BCI systems only have very few features
• the feedback is nevertheless more represented than the feedforward
• the feedforward is barely considered within BCI systems
Although the cited articles all show promising results, they have not been yet been thoroughly explored by the BCI community. If we look at the feedback in BCIs, we see that the feedback provided to the user about his/her task performance is generally a unimodal (generally visual) feedback indicating the mental task recognized by the classifier together with the confidence in this recognition.
If we look more in depth on the feedforward in BCIs, very few studies have reported the mechanisms they use in order to show/explain a user how to control a BCI system. Yet this is an important element of the training process in BCIs, since this step help users to understand how to use the system. Often, this step consists only of a single directive indicating that the goal of the exercise is to “move the cursor/bar in the correct direction”.
We further analyze one existing system, that has a possibility to trigger feedback from a user (Trigger initiative) and we then propose a small game, with possible types of feedback that are not covered by the existing works.
Analysis of an Existing System
We propose to analyze in more detail the system of Kosmyna et al. (2015). If we follow the axis of the feedback mechanism, the system has a real-time system feedback, but the user can also give the feedback to the system. It can take the following forms:
• Triggering an additional training to add supplemental references for each imagined action.
• Removing previously added reference signals (including those stemming from the initial calibration).
The feedback is introduced to a user in visual form. The user can close the “user-feedback” option but the system feedback is present at all times. The system feedback is provided in two steps: one large circle that corresponds to classification outcome and several small circles that correspond to the distances between the classes (imagination actions) that led to that classification outcome (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Visualization system of Kosmyna et al. (2015). Large circle that corresponds to classification outcome and several small circles that correspond to the distance n-tuples that led to that classification outcome. Figure is reproduced with permission from the copyright holder.
The authors also explicitly represent the imagined actions by depicted images and corresponding texts. The performance level is an interval, which is merely represented by the proportion of distance features that are closer to each imagined action, for which the mapping in a regular polygon is done. As the authors state, “what is important is whether the points pass the classification margin or not, and near what class they are located. As for the usefulness of displaying the distance features, we believe that it can be a positive element as long as there are only a few points”. Please refer to Figure 8 to see how the system is represented within a proposed guiding system, e.g., which axes and options are implemented within the current system. For instance, as the feedback can be triggered both by the system and the user, an option user-triggered, as well as system-triggered is highlighted in black within Trigger Initiative axes.
As for the feedforward mechanism, the article does not provide details about it.
Case Scenario: Helicopter Game
In order to implement and test our guiding system, we propose a preliminary application idea in the form of a game. We propose an iPad game with the following principles:
• The game involves a ship (helicopter) at the bottom of the screen, that has to collect incoming stars.
• The helicopter is always moving forward and the users may tilt the iPad left or right to make it move sideways.
• Each BCI trial corresponds to a star arriving on screen, at which moment a telescopic sight appears in the form of a crosshair.
• The star arrives from the top and moves toward the helicopter and can move from left to right and from right to left while approaching.
• The user needs to roughly align the helicopter with the star and then imagine a hand movement to catch it.
• Initially the scope shakes heavily, which makes catching the star impossible, as the user concentrates and imagines hand movement clearly (in terms of signal classification), the more the classifier feedback gets close to 1, and the less the scope shakes, thus allowing the user to catch the star.
Here is an illustration of what the game would look like schematically (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Helicopter game concept: the user needs to collect the stars while benefiting from feedback and feedforward options to learn to play the game via BCI.
Feedback and Feedforward Implementation in the Helicopter Game
• Classification (Performance value):
- During the “catching” phase, classification accuracy determines how much the scope of the helicopter trembles.
- During the “catching” phase, classification accuracy is represented by the sound of the engine, a low frequency sound means a lower classification and renders the trajectory of the helicopter unstable (audio modality in our guiding system).
- If the classification accuracy is good, encouragement text messages are displayed. If the accuracy is bad, the system displays messages to stimulate the attention of the user by proposing suggestions.
1. If the user manages to catch a star, the game counts it as a success (system evaluation in our guiding system). The player earns a certain number of points that are added to his/her total score. The number of points added depends on the distance of the missile from the star (there is a fixed blast radius around missiles) and on the classifier.
2. If the user fails to catch a star, a negative number of points are added to the global score (deducted) that depend on the distance of the missile from the star and of the classification correctness criterion.
3. Ghost Mode (Feedback dependency presentation in our guiding system): another helicopter that plays perfectly is displayed in overlay; the user can see the ghost ship catch the stars and their full feedback. The objective is to push the user towards imitating this perfect play. It includes the expected position of the telescopic sight.
4. Subjective messages: “You’re rocking it”, “Astounding”, “Marvelous”, “Not Bad”, “Careful”, “Focus!” etc. with variable level of honesty (positive bias could be introduced for the very beginners).
The ratio between the classifier performance and of the proximity of the missile to the target can be used and indicator of how much an error is due to misclassification vs. player error. The results could be provided to a user in the end of the session if he/she is interested (user-triggered feedback in our guiding system).
• Feedforward design:
- Textual/video description (What axis): provide an explanation as to what the person should imagine, and how it should feel in practice (e.g., Start as though you are going to move your hand, and stop when your muscles are on the brink of contracting; do not visualize moving you hand in your head).
- Visualization, showing the zones of the brain in specific frequency ranges, where we expect to see signals to classify.
• Game/Task Feedback transitions:
- Imposed by the game (system-triggered): the fuel of the helicopter decreases over time, faster if the user fails to kill an enemy. When the fuel reaches zero, the resupply aircraft approaches from the side and the feedback interlude begins.
- Chosen by the user (user-triggered): in terms of the game, the user may chose to reload the fuel supply of the helicopter if he or she feels that he or she is having difficulties controlling the game. Then, we can trigger any of the task specific feedback modalities.
- In order to activate the feedback : an SSVEP could be used on the tablet corner; physical button press on the touch screen; shaking the iPad; tilting the iPad up, explicit BCI command, either same or distinct modality in our guiding system.
- Imposed by the game: at the end of each level.
Add a bit of a discussion here about this case scenario…did we cover all the aspects of our design space? How well does it illustrate it? Extension possibilities?
This article addresses the design of BCI guiding systems. We propose a specific guiding system that defines a framework and organizes a set of design issues along axes. The guiding system enables the study of the design of BCI guiding systems in the light of standard HCI characteristics. Our guiding system is composed of two categories corresponding to two fundamental aspects for guiding systems: feedback and feedforward. Both of these mechanisms have three groups of design axes related to three questions: when (temporal characteristics), What (content characteristics), How (medium characteristics). Twenty-eight axes compose our design space. The systematic experimental exploration of the proposed design space is a future direction of work. We hope that the proposed guiding system will bring the BCI and HCI community attention in order to explore the training procedures for BCIs so as to further advance the field of BCI design.
NK has prepared the manuscript, AL reviewed it and gave his feedback and useful suggestion about the improvement of the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- ^ By BCI training protocol (TP) in this article we refer to instructions and feedback only, as usually a BCI implies a training task, etc.
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Keywords: brain computer interfaces, feedback, feedforward, guiding system, taxonomy, design space, training protocol
Citation: Kosmyna N and Lécuyer A (2017) Designing Guiding Systems for Brain-Computer Interfaces. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 11:396. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00396
Received: 25 April 2017; Accepted: 18 July 2017;
Published: 31 July 2017.
Edited by:Mikhail Lebedev, Duke University, United States
Reviewed by:Arnaud Yves Falchier, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, United States
John F. Houde, University of California, San Francisco, United States
Copyright © 2017 Kosmyna and Lécuyer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Nataliya Kosmyna, firstname.lastname@example.org
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https://community.babycentre.co.uk/post/a32817666/ivf-vs-laparoscopy.-right-decision
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So I'm in a bit of turmoil as I dont know if I've made the right decision...
A few days ago, I was offered IVF (in vitro fertilization) (after 2 1/2 years of trying, a year on clomid).
The doc also offered me a laproscopy and basically put me on the spot and told me to make a decision without any info at all.
I opted for the laproscopy as I figured it would be good to find out what is wrong and hopefully get that fixed.
But now I'm not so sure. Will this push my ivf back really far? Should I just have gone for ivf? I dont know what to do!
If anyone has experience of this, I'd really appreciate your advice.
Many thanks x
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http://www.it2051229.com/contributorphase2.html
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At this point, you decide to implement a Hash structure for the contributor data to prepare for searches. You will read the contributor information from a file provided; it is a comma delimited (CSV) file. As each record is read, create a Hash table for the ID field. The limitation for the Hash table is that it has a size of 5, so you need to be able to handle collisions. Collisions should be resolved through the use of a linked list for the ID values (implement this using a stack). Your design should include the following:
A Hash table pointing to a structure for a linked list that contains only the following information:
Each Hash Bucket Collision Item will have the following Information:
ID: Integer; //identifier key for future needs
Hash Bucket Functions/Methods:
Input constructor: //to accept a string for the name and additional information for each contributor (you will only need the ID portion of the input data)
Hash Function constructor: (Hint: You only have 5 Hash buckets, so the function can be a very simple calculation.)
Print constructor: //to show the contents of a Hash bucket
A fully documented program to load the Hash table with collisions being handled as a linked list, implemented as a Stack
A test plan to show how the program runs and can be executed
A screenshot showing that the program loaded the data, and after all data is loaded, shows the contents of the first Hash bucket (ideally this is Bucket 0)
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https://fudzilla.com/home/itemlist/tag/Oracle?start=30
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Because the US courts are ignorant
The Software industry is in big trouble after the US Supreme Court did not step into Oracle's battle with Google over whether APIs were copyrightable.
Falling through the cloud
The cocaine nose jobs of Wall Street ran screaming from the toilets after it was announced that industry bellwether Oracle had done much worse than anyone had expected.
To protect innovation in high tech
Begun the cloud wars have
Katz always rule
Needs to sue, needs its help
Oregon miffed that system did not work
We wanted a flexible friend
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https://codepunk.io/milligram-for-css-layouts-and-default-styles/
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Ever use Bootstrap? Of course you have. It's the most popular CSS framework on the market, and it's one of the best ways to prototype a web application. You can focus on the programming, and let Bootstrap handle the heavy-lifting on the design elements.
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Minimal is the truth. There are no navbars or modal dialogs. Milligram gives you default styling based on rem units so you can easily style elements based on the units of the root element. It also gives you default styles for important components you don't want to have to constantly style like form elements and tables.
Just like with Bootstrap, the most important ability of Milligram rests with its handling of layouts:
The Grid is a fluid system with a max width of 70.0rem (1120px), that shrinks with the browser/device at smaller sizes. The max width can be changed with one line of CSS and all columns will resize accordingly. Milligram is different than most because of its use of the CSS Flexible Box Layout Module standard. The advantage is the simplicity, and we know that a functional code is very important for maintainability and scalability.
Milligram's layout system follows a row/column naming convention that is a lot easier to intuit when viewed in a complex application. Here's the layout example from the Milligram web site:
<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="column">.column</div> <div class="column">.column</div> <div class="column">.column</div> <div class="column">.column</div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column">.column</div> <div class="column column-50 column-offset-25">.column column-50 column-offset-25</div> </div> </div>
Each row has a class of
row and each column has a class of
column. If you want to specify the span of a column, you add another class that includes the percentage, such as the
column-50 class. To handle column offsets, you simply insert a
column-offset-* class where
* represents the offset percentage (in this case, 25).
It doesn't get much simpler than that. I recently reworked my personal web site to use Milligram. It's a one page web site with almost no styling, meant to just be a short introduction, but working with Milligram was a nice feel. I can definitely see using it in larger projects where I need some no-fuss styling to forms and layouts, but without the bulk that can often be associated with a Bootstrap design.
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