OpenScholar-DataStore-V3

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions

Split (1)

train · ~150M rows (showing the first 3.07M)

text stringlengths 1 6.27k	id int64 0 3.07M	raw_id stringlengths 2 9	num_shards int64 16 16
C C C α δ    , having the objective function: SEBM-PSO is similar to EBM-PSO, but instead of one optimization problem, four separated optimization problems are formed. Simulation results A 6DOF simulation model, based on 6DOF equations of motion in Eq. (2)-Eq. (7), is built for generating the needed flight test data...	100	218815881	16
Hz, and the simulation data are saved during interval time 5-6 seconds from flight regime. The selected flight regime is a high speed regime with limited Mach number variations (1.68-1.7 Mach). So, the aerodynamic coefficients are supposed to be constant. As we know, in high Reynolds numbers the viscosity effect are sm...	101	218815881	16
coefficients C x , C zq , C lp and C mα , for a single run, are compared in Figure 13 to Figure 16. Summarized results of a single run are presented in Table 4. For EBM-PSO, the average value of estimation error is 2.4%, the best estimation result is for C lp with 0.5%, and the worst result is the estimation of C zα wi...	102	218815881	16
error for SEBM-PSO is 2.2%, for EBM-PSO is 2.4%, for EAM-PSO is 5.1% and for EKF is 8.4%. Three proposed algorithms give better estimations rather than EKF. However EKF gives a better estimation for C lp . In term of run time, EKF has the best performance with average 180 seconds. After that, EBM-PSO and SEBM-PSO have ...	103	218815881	16
decrease noise effects. For example when ξ = 0.05, using smoothing filter enhances the average estimated error from 6.2% to 3.5%. Conclusions In this article, based on a modified version of particle swarm optimization algorithm, three heuristic estimation algorithms are proposed to perform aerodynamic parameter estimat...	104	218815881	16
Capture and Separation of SO2 Traces in Metal–Organic Frameworks via Pre‐Synthetic Pore Environment Tailoring by Methyl Groups Abstract Herein, we report a pre‐synthetic pore environment design strategy to achieve stable methyl‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for preferential SO2 binding and thus enhance...	105	235451219	16
in the plane of the aryl rings such that the dihedral angle O1-C1-C2-C3 is 0°. For DMOF-TM, the carboxyl groups are rotated out of the plane of the tetramethylphenyl rings, yielding a dihedral angle O1-C1-C2-C3 of 36°. Figure S3. Powder X-ray diffractogram (PXRD) patterns of DMOF and DMOF-X series. The simulated PXRD p...	106	235451219	16
Selectivity Selectivity of SO2 over CO2, CH4 or N2 of DMOF-X was calculated from Dual site Langmuir Sips, DSLAISips (eq. 3) fitted isotherm data, for which the best fit of the isotherms could be obtained. Where qeq is the amount if adsorbed (mmol/g), qmax is the maximal loading (mmol/g), K1 and K2 are the affinity cons...	107	235451219	16
sodium hydrogen sulfite solution (0.4 g Na2S2O5 in 100 mL water) in a Schlenk round bottom flask to transport gaseous SO2 into a humidity chamber (a desiccator vessel). The desiccator was equipped with a crystallizing dish filled with saturated sodium chloride solution (80 mL, relative humidity (RH) 75%) and an open vi...	108	235451219	16
mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V., Netherlands, EL-Flow Prestige Series, max. flow 50 mLN min -1 ), each for the carrier gas nitrogen (Air Products, purity 5.2, 99.9992%), CO2 (Air Products, purity 4.5, 99.995%) and a testing gas mixture of SO2 in N2 (Linde, 5 Vol.-% SO2). The adsorbing unit can be tempe...	109	235451219	16
same conditions. For both adsorbents, DMOF and DMOF-TM, the weight loss was around 1.1 mass percent, respectively. Such weight loss was used in order to quantify the correct mass of the adsorbent. Additionally, all breakthrough curves were corrected for each fluid by several blank runs to ensure high quality data sets ...	110	235451219	16
into two model systems resembling the two different local pore surface environments. The two models in the left column correspond to DMOF, while the models in the right column represent DMOF-TM. Note that the methyl-substituents have a notable influence on the channel size and shape depending on the orientations of the...	111	235451219	16
described with ultrasoft Rappe-Rabe-Kaxiras-Joannopoulos(RRKJ)type pseudopotentials. Periodic plane-wave DFT computations were performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with Perdew-Burke-Enzerhof (PBE) exchange correlation and the Monkhorst packing scheme with a 2 x 2 x 2 k-point mesh. An energy cuto...	112	235451219	16
overall cell volume of the fully relaxed structures was smaller than those of partially relaxed ones. Consequently, less SO2 molecules can be adsorbed within a fully relaxed structure. Figure S45. The partially relaxed DFT optimized DMOF-TM with 3 ( Figure S45a), 4 ( Figure S45b) and 5 ( Figure S45c) SO2 molecules Figu...	113	235451219	16
text) reveals different curvature at low uptake and somewhat underestimated values for mono-and dimethyl substituted DMOF-X. These may stem from the rigidity of the simulation cell. The increase in adsorption energy with methyl substitution is, however, well reflected. S10. FT-IR spectra of SO2-adorbed DMOF and DMOF-TM...	114	235451219	16
relatively slow kinetic of SO2 release, the typical adsorption peaks of SO2 could be clearly detected, as shown in Figure S52. The peaks at 1327 and 1140 cm -1 are the asymmetric and symmetric S=O stretching mode of SO2 molecules. [24] These peaks exhibit a large red-shift (∆ = -35 and -11 cm -1 ) compared to the free ...	115	235451219	16
1442 cm -1 in pristine DMOF-TM may be interpreted as slightly blue-shifted by (∆ = -4 and -2 cm -1 to 1597 and 1444 cm -1 in SO2-loaded DMOF-TM. Within the instrument error of 2 cm -1 such values are nearly invariant. We refrain from assigning interactions between carboxylate groups of BDC-TM and SO2 molecules, also b...	116	235451219	16
projection of the Ewald's sphere) and is highly preferred. We attempted to increase the chances for successful structural assessment by influencing the major factors in our control, namely maximizing the concentration of the guest molecules, performing low temperature measurements and attempting to improve the crystall...	117	235451219	16
studies did not show evident pattern deterioration suggesting milder degassing/exchange methods. The mildest degassing method attempted was the soaking of the crystals in MeOH for 2 days followed by supercritical drying (performed by Leica EM CPD300 Dryer, 50 cycles, T = 10-40 C cycling, pre-exchange by acetone). No l...	118	235451219	16
transfer and crystal picking at low temperature aimed at the minimization of the SO2 dissolution in the oil. The crystals, picked from the oil, turned out to be poly-twins ( Figure S56) upon cell-measurements. Instead of a single crystal a small blob of crystals in oil were mounted and measured as a polycrystalline sam...	119	235451219	16
Rietveld fitting. The measurement taken in the thick wall capillary is, expectedly, of the worst quality due to the high background, generated by the glass containment (very broad peak centered at ~22) and was not analyzed further. The influence of the SO2 sorption is evident from the comparison of the patterns. The d...	120	235451219	16
of the data and relatively low amount of information provided by the broad, often fully coalesced peaks, the Rietveld refinements were successfully performed by a "step-bystep parameter fixing" approach. The profile parameters were fixed early during the refinement. The Uiso of Ni was set at 0.02 and of the other atoms...	121	235451219	16
due to the not fully corrected peak asymmetry for the first two strongest peaks (100) and (001). Notably, the 2θ = ~39-44 region contains a range of weak peaks, which were poorly fit (possible impurity or minor structural differences incompatible with the given cell/symmetry combination). Figure S60. Rietveld fit, DMO...	122	235451219	16
fit well. Thereby the adsorption of SO2 did not harm the structure of the framework. The attempt of the Rietveld fitting with the "fixed" initial model gave a very poor fit, Rp =0.328, which is consistent with the non-accounting of the guest molecules in the pores. The respective F(obs)-F(calc) Fourier difference maps ...	123	235451219	16
regarding the significance of the fitting results. The distribution of the electron densities is credible, but the precision of the found atomic coordinates and occupation factors is definitely low. The data is of low resolution both in terms of the available 2θ interval and in terms of broad profile peaks (with not ve...	124	235451219	16
in SO2. Two O12 atoms contribute to a formal molecular arrangement with a distance of 1.60 Å between them. It is worth noting that the modelled guests are not straightforwardly representing the SO2 molecules with correct molecular geometries, but rather represent the most probable localizations. It could be concluded t...	125	235451219	16
terms of the cell size and symmetry. The Rietveld refinement (Rp = 12%, compared to Rp= 8.1% for the fitting of the data without SO2) using the "fixed" initial model and the step-by-step localization of the electron-densities gave the probable localization of the guest molecules. The composition of the structure could ...	126	235451219	16
like DMOF-TM by diffraction methods. -Disorder in framework structures limits the utility of diffraction methods for the localization of guest molecules. The DMOF-TM compound contains large disordered fragments (2-positional disorder for the Me4BDC-and 8-positional for the DABCO ligands, according to the known crystal ...	127	235451219	16
change at higher temperatures). -Low temperatures are preferable for meaningful application of diffraction methods, and the properties at room temperatures or above might be different. Lower temperatures mean not only smaller thermal displacement parameters and less disorder, but also higher chances of guest ordering. ...	128	235451219	16
Announcement of the 2016 Polymers Young Investigator Award Dear readers of Polymers, Finally, after an extensive voting period, we are proud to present the first winner of the Polymers Young Investigator Award to Dr. Luis M. Campos, who is an assistant professor at the Chemistry Department of Columbia University, USA.[...	129	91186355	16
Chemie, and Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), to name a few. To date, he has co-authored over 60 articles and has received numerous awards, including the American Chemical Society (ACS) Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award, The Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award, The National Science Foundat...	130	91186355	16
received numerous awards, including the American Chemical Society (ACS) Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award, The Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award, The National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award, 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award, Cottrell Scholar Award, The Inter-American Photochemical Society (I-APS) Yo...	131	91186355	16
Advance Cryptography using Color Blocks : In the world of emerging technology, cryptography is used in Authentication/Digital Signatures, Time Stamping, Electronic Money, Secure Network Communications (Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Kerberos), Anonymous Remailers, Disk Encryption etc. In past years cryptology has evolved f...	132	203702071	16
previous encryption methods. 7) Related Key Attack: Like the chosen plaintext, attack in which attacker can obtain only cipher text encrypted with the help of two keys. These keys are unknown but the relationship between these keys is known. Example two keys differ by a single bit. There are several issues related to c...	133	203702071	16
of cryptography is to secure the data being transmitted over the network from various types of attacks. The data being transmitted is always vulnerable to various types of attacks such as men in the middle attack, brute force attack etc. Thus, in order to prevent the data from being compromised it is necessary to prote...	134	203702071	16
transit in the network. HSM encryption comes in many different types but, in essence, it's function is to encrypt the 4 to 6 digit PIN of every person that uses the ATM. Then, the PIN is decrypted at the HSM side in order to execute and validate the transaction or money withdrawal. This encryption method ensures that h...	135	203702071	16
videos. That means that every file is encrypted into cipher data in order to protect the users. Dropbox even stated in their security protocol that they break every piece of data into multiple other pieces and encrypt these smaller pieces of data one by one. Both platforms protect files in transit between servers and a...	136	203702071	16
on any of the input. The pin is to be used at the time of reversing the output of color block to plain text at the time of deciphering. Basic programming language is also used in this research work. And website is developed for demo of the work. A. Algorithms Used 1) Transposition of Rail Fence Cipher: The rail fence c...	137	203702071	16
full specification and design details e) Software implementable in C and Java 4) Operation of AES: AES is based on 'substitution-permutation network'. It comprises of a series of linked operations, some of which involve replacing inputs by specific outputs (substitutions) and others involve shuffling bits around (permu...	138	203702071	16
typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and firstclass functions Flowchart for encryption and decryption D. Output In the above screenshots we can see the user tries to encrypt the plaintext into cipher colour block using pin code as the key. The input goes through different encryption one by one and then converted...	139	203702071	16
it is needed at initial or start stage as the combination are also reversed. V. RESULTS In the above environment, we wish to show an encryption technique which uses different encryption/decryption techniques in all to get an output. The input is given to the above environment and output is a colour block. According to ...	140	203702071	16
STUDY OF DENGUE FEVER IN SOUTH EASTERN RAJASTHAN : Dengue Fever has become a significant resurgent disease in the past 20 years all over the India. Our study outlines the clinical spectrum and prognosis of the disease beyond rural and urban confines. Study conducted on 350 patients admitted in SRG Hospital from the mon...	141	75621748	16
age persons 21-30 years. A febrile patients had rash, myalgia and abdominal pain. INTRODUCTION: Dengue Fever has been identified as an emerging infectious disease in Rajasthan state. Sporadic occurrence of dengue fever cases has been reported in Jhalawar district. S. R. G. Hospital & Medical Collage, Jhalawar. Dengue v...	142	75621748	16
laid down protocol. All the patients with acute febrile illness underwent serology NS1, IgM, IgG/IgM with rapid kit test. As per WHO criteria dengue haemorrhagic fever defined as an acute febrile illness with minor or major bleeding, thermocytopenia, evidence of plasma leakage patients improved with fluids. Dengue shoc...	143	75621748	16
All adult patients of dengue fever admitted in medicine indoor during 7 month period from April to Oct. 2013 with confirmed diagnosis were selected for this study. NS1, IgM and IgG/IgM positive cases were included in this study. OBSERVATIONS The total no. of patients were 350 of whom 51.42% male and 48.50 female.the di...	144	75621748	16
vector. [4] classical dengue fever was first reported from Egypt in 1779. [5] dengue haemorrhagic fever was first reported in India from Kolkata in 1963-64, 200 people died. [6] This study describes the clinical profile, laboratory investigation and outcome of dengue fever (77.1%), dengue haemorrhagic fever (21.4%) and...	145	75621748	16
died of multi organ failure. Therefore to conclude, the incidence of Dengue Fever was predominantly affecting the younger age group. Mostly a febrile illness with myalgia, mild bleeding and gastrointestinal symptoms. Proper conformation of diagnosis, early institution of therapy, public awareness and vector control are...	146	75621748	16
Silibinin Promotes Cell Proliferation Through Facilitating G1/S Transitions by Activating Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission in Cells Heart, liver, and kidney, which are known as the essential organs for metabolism, possess the unique ability to regulate the proliferation function of the body against injury. Silibinin...	147	221281003	16
ROS production 10 , which causes various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases 11 , kidney diseases 12 , metabolic diseases 13 , and cancer 14 . Mitochondrial fission is essential for maintaining the mitochondrial network. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a large dynamic-related cytosolic GTPase, is recruited to...	148	221281003	16
USA). Colony Formation Assay LO2 (500 cells/well) cells, AC16 (500 cells/well) cells, and HK2 (500 cells/well) cells were seeded onto six-well plates and treated with SB (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mM/l) for 24 h. Then, cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cultured in fresh medium for 15 days. After incu...	149	221281003	16
The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (CytoFLEX, Backman Counter, Bria, CA, USA). Determination of Relative mtDNA Copy Number The total DNA of SB treatment cells (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mM/ l) was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The RT-qPCR analysis was used to determine the relativ...	150	221281003	16
values were calculated based on an ATP standard curve. Immunofluorescent Staining Cells of each group (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mM/l of SB treatment) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 15 min, blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 1 h, and incubated with MitoR...	151	221281003	16
E™ system (ProteinSimple, San Francisco, CA, USA). Statistical Analysis All data are expressed with the means + standard deviations and analyzed by SPSS20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Multiple comparisons were analyzed by Tukey's test. The values were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. SB Promoted Cell Pr...	152	221281003	16
cellular energy. To investigate the effect of SB on mitochondrial form and function, the production of ATP was evaluated. Our results revealed that SB dose-dependently promoted ATP production in AC16, LO2, and HK2 cells (Fig. 3A). MMP, closely related to cellular ATP production, was significantly increased in AC16, LO2...	153	221281003	16
cells with the treatment of SB (Fig. 4C). We then investigated the underlying mechanism of SB promoting cell proliferation by Drp1. Drp1-specific siRNA was used to knock down the expression of Drp1 in cells. As shown in Fig. 5A, Drp1-siRNA efficiently reduced the expression of Drp1 in cells. Drp1 has been proved as a m...	154	221281003	16
first to demonstrate that SB could dose-dependently increase cell proliferation in human AC16 cardiomyocytes, LO2 hepatocytes, and human proximal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. The increased ATP content, mtDNA copy number, MMP, and ROS formation indicated that SB could benefit the mitochondrial formation and function. M...	155	221281003	16
by the mitochondrial dynamic changes, especially in G1-to-S phase progression. Mitochondrial dynamic is important for keeping mtDNA The expression levels of CDK2 and cyclin E1 were determined by western blotting. Values (mean + SDs) were obtained from at least three independent experiments. P < 0.05 and *P < 0.01, an...	156	221281003	16
of increasing mitochondrial fission on ATP production and ROS production in cells treated with SB. Moreover, we found that elevated mitochondrial fission promotes mitochondrial MMP and mtDNA copy number through upregulating Drp1 expression. Mitochondrial morphology and function are maintained through the mitochondrial ...	157	221281003	16
cell colony number and proliferation, reduced the ratio of G1/S phase in the cell cycle and the expression of CDK2 and cyclinE1. These evidences indicated that SB-induced mitochondrial fission played a critical role in the key G1/S cell cycle transition, which contributed to normal cell proliferation. In the further st...	158	221281003	16
Decoding the Real-Time Neurobiological Properties of Incremental Semantic Interpretation Abstract Communication through spoken language is a central human capacity, involving a wide range of complex computations that incrementally interpret each word into meaningful sentences. However, surprisingly little is known abou...	159	221404245	16
the meaning of spoken language requires listeners to access the meaning of each word that they hear and integrate it into the ongoing semantic representation in order to incrementally construct a syntactically licensed semantic representation of the sentence (Tyler and Marslen-Wilson 1977;Marslen-Wilson and Tyler 1980;...	160	221404245	16
compare the (dis)similarity structure of our theoretically relevant models with the (dis)similarity structure of observed patterns of brain activity, revealing how different information types are encoded in different brain areas over time. In a previous EMEG study, involving single spoken words, we used these methods t...	161	221404245	16
sensory input (Klimovich-Gray et al. 2019). These studies suggest an underpinning lexical access process where lexical contents can be made available very soon after word onset for interaction with contextual constraints. In the context of these two studies, the current study aims to determine how these rich contextual...	162	221404245	16
people experience it in the real world and providing the type of quantifiable data necessary to calculate rich multivariate representational models. This avoids the limitation of relying on categorical distinctions between stimuli which fail to capture the multifaceted richness of linguistic representations and the pro...	163	221404245	16
constraints at the semantic level. Overview To determine the spatiotemporal neural properties of incremental semantic interpretation during language comprehension, we developed models of the incremental constraints that the context imposes on the meanings of upcoming words and the mismatch between an upcoming word and ...	164	221404245	16
activation of the SNP constraint on verbs and on CNs before the verb is recognized; 2) evolving with a verb being incorporated into the context once the verb is recognized; and 3) facilitating the semantic interpretation once the CN is recognized. The average duration of each word to which each epoch is aligned is indi...	165	221404245	16
word in a Bayesian framework of incremental predictive processing. To model prediction at a more abstracted semantic level, we combined the topic distributions of the continuation data into semantic "blends" of word candidates, modeling the conditional probability distribution P topic/full context (see Materials and Me...	166	221404245	16
right-handed with normal hearing. Two participants were excluded from the analysis: one because of sleepiness during the EMEG study and the other because of poor quality EEG recordings. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and the study was approved by the Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee. ...	167	221404245	16
the predictability of the CNs, we varied the probability of these nouns with the preceding verb and the complement function word according to Google Books n-gram frequencies. Note that this variability was controlled when running the analysis by including the frequency of a word to which the epoch was aligned to as one...	168	221404245	16
of its phonological competitors). Figure 2. Design of the experimental stimuli. Each sentence contained a key main verb ("chose") followed by a complement function word ("the" or "to") to vary the complement in terms of the SCF preference of a preceding verb. A function word was followed by a noun or a verb that was ei...	169	221404245	16
order to investigate the neurobiological underpinnings of how the preceding context guides the interpretation of an upcoming word. To do this, we combined behavioral data with computational models of semantics as described below. Behavioral Studies To model incrementally evolving constraints over the SNP, verb, and CN,...	170	221404245	16
in an SC were removed since they are often treated as a new subject instead of an object (e.g., "The walking couple heard that the farm was open to visitors"). On average, this left 18 CN responses for every stimulus from 31 participants. Any stimulus with less than 4 responses were excluded from the analysis. Semantic...	171	221404245	16
CN (object) (SNV-CN). These models provided different aspects of semantic representation relevant for incremental predictive processing as follows: 1) the first (SN-V) topic model was trained specifically to characterize the predictive representation of SNs on upcoming verbs and the specific semantic content of verbs t...	172	221404245	16
a given word (see Behavioral Studies) and P topic\|word is the topic distribution for word (see Incremental Models of Predictive Processing). Based on this formula, we constructed three different "blend" vectors. SN-V verb blend. This blend is designed to model the SNP constraint on upcoming verbs. We counted the (post-...	173	221404245	16
do this, we counted the (post-SNP + verb) CN responses from the second sentence completion study. Then, we used the CN topic distributions from the second topic model trained specifically on the mixed SN-CN and verb-CN co-occurrence data, reflecting the topic representation of each unique CN in relation to the precedin...	174	221404245	16
SNP and SNP + verb, respectively. Entropy associated with each of the two distributions is also described. The word boxes below the distributions show a set of preferred words based on the predicted topics. we denote the term entropy and notation H to refer to this dispersion-corrected entropy. The semantic dispersion ...	175	221404245	16
considered to be an object of a preceding verb) from the analysis because this mismatch model requires the target CN to be identified. This left us with 128 out of 200 trials. Spatiotemporal Searchlight RSA In order to determine when and where these constraint models and associated computations are neurally realized, w...	176	221404245	16
(Binder et al. 2009;Price 2010Price , 2012. . A schematic illustration of the searchlight RSA of spatiotemporal source-space EMEG data. The bilateral language mask used in this study is surface-rendered onto the brain template in the figure for visualization. Since the source-space EMEG data inherently vary across time...	177	221404245	16
position every 200 ms. Blinks and eye movements were recorded by electro-oculogram (EOG) placed above and beneath the left eye and beside the left and right outer canthi. Cardio-vascular effects were recorded by electro-cardiogram (ECG) attached to right shoulder blade and left torso. To be able to co-register the EEG ...	178	221404245	16
and ECG, the data signals were decomposed into ICs and each IC was correlated with vEOG, hEOG, and ECG channels. Any ICs showing very high temporal correlation (correlation >0.3) with any of these channels were removed and the remaining ICs were then visually inspected to ensure that no artifact component remained. The...	179	221404245	16
EMEG Source Reconstruction Source reconstruction aims to estimate the regional response within a brain using the EMEG data recorded outside the scalp. We first transformed the participants' structural MRI images into an MNI template brain, which was then inversetransformed to construct individual scalp and cortical mes...	180	221404245	16
are spatiotemporally distributed, while each of the vertices in the clusters shows P-value less than 0.01. For multiple comparisons correction across time-points which are not independent of one another, we ran permutation statistics (Maris and Oostenveld 2007) on the CFT output. Under the null hypothesis that our mode...	181	221404245	16
related to generating semantic constraints prior to a target word (i.e., verb or CN). At last, to measure the predictive effects of the incrementally developed constraint on the processing of the CN semantics, we constructed a constraint mismatch model to examine the neural effects of semantic evaluation. We report sig...	182	221404245	16
upcoming verbs as soon as they recognize the SNP and that these constraints involve only RH temporal regions. SNP's Nonadjacent Semantic Constraint (Entropy) on CN When examining constraints on nonadjacent words in a sentence (in this case, SNP constraints on the CN), we need to consider the semantic relation between t...	183	221404245	16
the first behavioral completion study: verb P CN_topic\|verb P verb\|SNP . This mathematical formulation reflects the SNP constraint on CN semantics via the set of verbs predicted by the SNP collected from the first behavioral study. This set of predicted verbs can be thought of as a process of semantic competition among...	184	221404245	16
SNP semantic constraint effect on the CN but only in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) from the verb onset (P = 0.01; Fig. 5), lasting for 380 ms (1 SD after the mean UP), suggestive of competitive processing. We discuss the differential role of RIFG from the RH temporal regions in light of the constraints that t...	185	221404245	16
sentence stimuli (see Discussion). In addition, we also found a significant cluster in left anterior middle and inferior temporal regions from 270 to 470 ms (P = 0.025) and a marginally significant cluster in left inferior frontal gyrus [LIFG (BA47/45); P = 0.06]. Based on the involvement of LATL and LBA47/45 in constr...	186	221404245	16
+ verb ). This model reflects the degree of mismatch between the predicted and the target semantics of the complement. This measure can be viewed as an index of semantic evaluation as it indicates the difficulty of processing the CN in light of the preceding context. Using this model, we observed a cluster marginally s...	187	221404245	16
CN where the SNP and the verb varied in the cumulative probabilistic constraints they generated on the upcoming complement. We tested for the timing and neural location of these computations by recording real-time brain activity using EMEG and analyzing the spatiotemporal fit of patterns of probabilistic topic models w...	188	221404245	16
LAG which lasted until the CN is recognized. Here, we discuss our results in relation to incremental processing issues from the SNP to the CN (see Fig. 6). Early Activation of the SNP Constraints Our results revealed that different aspects of SNP constraints are activated between the point at which the SNP is recognize...	189	221404245	16
structure of language. One of the prediction principles (Altmann and Mirković 2009) that underpin human language comprehension states that the mapping between the unfolding sentence and the event representation enables listeners to predict both how the language will unfold and how the real-world event will unfold, rend...	190	221404245	16
(Federmeier and Kutas 1999;Wlotko and Federmeier 2007;Federmeier et al. 2008), emphasizing the role of RH in processing context-driven semantic relationships (Federmeier et al. 2008). Hence, the early effect in the right temporal regions in the current study are likely related to the process of generating constraint dr...	191	221404245	16
constraint effect in RIFG during the verb likely reflects the maintenance of the SNP semantic constraint while resolving competition as the verb is being heard. Evolving Constraint The essence of incremental speech comprehension is that each word is interpreted in a context-relevant manner and the constraint derived fr...	192	221404245	16
including LIFG (BA47/45) and LATL additionally engages in constraining the CN as the verb is recognized. The broad scenarios activated by the SNP become more finetuned as the semantics of the verb is combined with the SNP context. According to the timing of LIFG-LATL activations, these regions may play an important rol...	193	221404245	16
and LATL) to posterior (LpMTG/LAG) transition likely reflects the top-down (i.e., the SNP + verb constraint), bottom-up (i.e., speech input of the CN) interaction, in order to generate a coherent semantic interpretation of the CN with respect to the preceding SNP + verb context. Constraint Evaluation Developing an even...	194	221404245	16
strongly constrained by the context (i.e., high predictability). This argument is further supported by our previous study (Lyu et al. 2019) where the semantic representation of a CN was strongly modulated by the preceding verb; for example, the verb in context (e.g., the man "ate") pruned the less relevant CN topics, a...	195	221404245	16
through estimating the expected posterior of the multinomial parameters (see Supplementary Material Section 1). In this section, we motivate the choice of our computational model and approach while discussing its limitations and directions for future studies. Recent advances in the field of computer science have establ...	196	221404245	16
blending a set of topic vectors based on Cloze probabilities calculated from sentence completion studies. Despite the popularity of Cloze probability as a direct behavioral measure of human prediction, its application entails high subjective bias, often affected by confounding factors such as familiarity (Smith and Lev...	197	221404245	16
lack an explanatory value to provide insights into predictive processing in the human brain. Quantifying different aspects of representation that incrementally evolve over time in these models will initiate more modeldriven decoding research on brain data, shedding light on the neurobiological basis of incremental spee...	198	221404245	16
an episodic token from a semantic type. In this way, the stimuli would have sufficient variability to provide the distinguishable representational geometry between them, allowing researchers to investigate the interactive event dynamics beyond combinatorial semantics from semantic memory alone. As a final remark, this ...	199	221404245	16

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.