Andrew Y. Chen commited on
Commit ·
0178832
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Parent(s): 7386135
README: linked file directory, placebos and data format sections
Browse files- Replace the Files table with a nested list of the 2026.10 files; each file links
to its hub page, each folder to its tree view, and firm-level files note omitted signals
- Add a Placebos section: what they are, why they are included (nesting Hou, Xue,
and Zhang), why they may still be useful, and how to build BidAskTAQ
- Add a Data Format section: firm-level columns and timing, portfolio columns,
return timing and signing
- Link release notes via /blob/ so they render; fix size (12 KB)
- Link Quick download to the file directory; drop the redundant exclusions paragraph
README.md
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@@ -42,21 +42,20 @@ use them, please cite [Chen and Zimmermann (2022)](#citation).
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## Quick download (latest release, 2026.10)
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###
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Click a link to download
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| Data | File | Size |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| Signal documentation | [SignalDoc.csv](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/SignalDoc.csv) | 0.2 MB |
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| Long-short returns, original papers' construction (wide) | [PredictorLSretWide.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorLSretWide.parquet) | 1.4 MB |
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| All portfolio returns, original papers' construction (long) | [PredictorPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorPortsFull.parquet) | 18.7 MB |
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| Placebo portfolio returns (long) | [PlaceboPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PlaceboPortsFull.parquet) | 7.9 MB |
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| Value-weighted decile portfolio returns (long) | [PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet) | 25.7 MB |
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| Daily value-weighted portfolio returns, original papers' construction (long) | [PredictorVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/PredictorVW.parquet) | 252 MB |
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| Release notes | [Release Notes 2026.10.md](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/
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```python
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import pandas as pd
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```
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### Accessing Specific Predictor Signals (Firm Level Characteristics)
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For most predictors, you can quickly download them via the `columns` argument in `pd.read_parquet()`.
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- Python: [openassetpricing](https://github.com/mk0417/open-asset-pricing-download)
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- R: [OpenSourceAP.DownloadR](https://github.com/tomz23/OpenSourceAP.DownloadR)
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##
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and
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Older releases may have slightly different file structure.
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## Releases
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For another release, replace `Data-Release-2026.10` in the link with that release's branch
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from the table below.
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| Release | Branch (`revision=`) | Notes
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| ------- | ------------------------ | ----- |
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| 2026.10 | `"Data-Release-2026.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2025-12; CRSP v2 (CIZ); parquet only. See `Release Notes 2026.10.md`
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| 2025.10 | `"2025.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2024-12; code translated from Stata to Python (v2.0.0)
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| 2024.10 | `"2024.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; patch of 2024.08 fixing look-ahead bias in AnnouncementReturn
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| 2024.08 | `"2024.08"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2023-12; OptionMetrics signals end 2022-12
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| 2023.08 | `"2023.08"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2022-12; 5 new predictors; BM follows Stattman (1980)
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| 2022.04 | `"2022.04"` | 207 predictors, 114 placebos; SignalDoc corrections; no daily portfolios or `Results/`
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| 2022.03 | `"2022.03"` | 207 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2021-12; `SignalDoc.csv` replaces the xlsx; FF93-style portfolios added
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| 2021.04 | `"2021.04"` | 205 predictors, 114 placebos; adds value-weighted and daily portfolios; docs in `SignalDocumentation.xlsx`
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| 2021.03 | `"2021.03"` | 205 predictors, 114 placebos; **code v1.0.0, matches the CFR publication**; portfolios in `Full_Sets_Main/` and `Full_Sets_Extended/`; `signed_predictors_dl_wide` lacks KZ and ZScore |
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| 2020.07 | `"2020.07"` | 210 base and 104 additional signals; adds trading-cost portfolios (`PortCosts/`); original layout
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| 2020.05 | `"2020.05"` | 210 base and 104 additional signals; first release; original layout (`signalbase`, `portbase`, ...)
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Counts include Price, Size, STreversal and BidAskTAQ, which are not in the firm-level files.
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## Quick download (latest release, 2026.10)
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### Core predictor portfolios and documentation
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Click a link to download.
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| Data | File | Size |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
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| Signal documentation | [SignalDoc.csv](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/SignalDoc.csv) | 0.2 MB |
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| Long-short returns, original papers' construction (wide) | [PredictorLSretWide.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorLSretWide.parquet) | 1.4 MB |
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| All portfolio returns, original papers' construction (long) | [PredictorPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorPortsFull.parquet) | 18.7 MB |
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| Value-weighted decile portfolio returns (long) | [PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet) | 25.7 MB |
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| Daily value-weighted portfolio returns, original papers' construction (long) | [PredictorVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/resolve/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/PredictorVW.parquet) | 252 MB |
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| Release notes | [Release Notes 2026.10.md](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Release%20Notes%202026.10.md) | 12 KB |
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Or use a parquet reader, e.g.:
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```python
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import pandas as pd
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)
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```
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We offer many other portfolio implementations too. See the [File Directory](#file-directory-202610).
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### Accessing Specific Predictor Signals (Firm Level Characteristics)
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For most predictors, you can quickly download them via the `columns` argument in `pd.read_parquet()`.
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- Python: [openassetpricing](https://github.com/mk0417/open-asset-pricing-download)
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- R: [OpenSourceAP.DownloadR](https://github.com/tomz23/OpenSourceAP.DownloadR)
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### Placebos
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Placebos are 114 signals whose original papers did not show clear, statistically significant
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predictability in long-short portfolios. This includes 14 "not-predictors," which were clearly
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insignificant, and 100 "indirect signals," which had only suggestive evidence or were modifications of
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another signal. Most come from [Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy131),
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who count them among their 452 "anomalies." Chen and Zimmermann (2022) include them so that
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the dataset nests Hou, Xue, and Zhang, and helps reconcile the disparate replication rates
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(Hou, Xue, and Zhang's "failed replications" are mostly tests that were never shown to be
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predictive previously).
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The placebos may still be useful. Many of them seem to have predictive power and true
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statistical predictability is plentiful, historically ([Chen (2026, JF Insights)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.15365);
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[Chen and Dim (2023)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.10685)).
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Firm-level placebo signals are in [Placebos.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Firm%20Level%20Characteristics/Placebos.parquet),
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and their portfolio returns are in
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[PlaceboPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PlaceboPortsFull.parquet).
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`BidAskTAQ` is not included. To build it with your own TAQ, ISSM and CRSP data, run the
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[TAQ prep scripts](https://github.com/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/master/Signals/pyCode/PrepScripts/taq-chen-velikov)
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and then [BidAskTAQ.py](https://github.com/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/master/Signals/pyCode/Placebos/BidAskTAQ.py)
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from the CrossSection repo.
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## File Directory (2026.10)
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Click a file or folder to open its page on the hub. Then click "Download" to download.
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- [SignalDoc.csv](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/SignalDoc.csv) (0.2 MB) — one row per signal: category, original paper, sign, portfolio settings
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- [SignalDoc.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/SignalDoc.parquet) (64 KB) — same, as parquet
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- [Release Notes 2026.10.md](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Release%20Notes%202026.10.md) (12 KB)
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- **[Firm Level Characteristics/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/Firm%20Level%20Characteristics)** — monthly panels: `permno`, `yyyymm`, one column per signal
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- [Predictors.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Firm%20Level%20Characteristics/Predictors.parquet) (1.9 GB) — 209 predictors; omits `Price`, `Size` and `STreversal` ([how to get them](#the-full-panel-of-firm-level-predictors-signals))
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- [signed_predictors_dl_wide.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Firm%20Level%20Characteristics/signed_predictors_dl_wide.parquet) (1.9 GB) — same, each multiplied by its `Sign` so that higher signal means higher in-sample mean return; omits `Price`, `Size` and `STreversal` ([how to get them](#the-full-panel-of-firm-level-predictors-signals))
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- [Placebos.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Firm%20Level%20Characteristics/Placebos.parquet) (1.0 GB) — 113 placebos (not-predictors and indirect signals); omits `BidAskTAQ` ([how to get it](#placebos))
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- **[Portfolios/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios)**
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- **[Full Sets OP/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP)** — monthly returns, original papers' construction
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- [PredictorLSretWide.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorLSretWide.parquet) (1.4 MB) — long-short returns, one column per predictor
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- [PredictorPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorPortsFull.parquet) (18.7 MB) — all portfolios, long format
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- [PlaceboPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PlaceboPortsFull.parquet) (7.9 MB) — same, for placebos
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- [PredictorSummary.xlsx](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PredictorSummary.xlsx) (1.1 MB) — summary statistics by predictor
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- [PlaceboSummary.xlsx](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20OP/PlaceboSummary.xlsx) (0.4 MB) — summary statistics by placebo
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- **[Full Sets Alt/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt)** — monthly returns, alternative constructions
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- [PredictorAltPorts_Deciles.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_Deciles.parquet) (25.1 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_DecilesEW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_DecilesEW.parquet) (25.1 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_DecilesVW.parquet) (25.7 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_Quintiles.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_Quintiles.parquet) (13.7 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_QuintilesEW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_QuintilesEW.parquet) (13.7 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_QuintilesVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_QuintilesVW.parquet) (13.9 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_1.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_1.parquet) (18.8 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_3.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_3.parquet) (19.0 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_6.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_6.parquet) (18.9 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_12.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_HoldPer_12.parquet) (18.8 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_ME_gt_NYSE20pct.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_ME_gt_NYSE20pct.parquet) (18.8 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_NYSEonly.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_NYSEonly.parquet) (18.2 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_Price_gt_5.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_Price_gt_5.parquet) (18.9 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_VWforce.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_LiqScreen_VWforce.parquet) (19.0 MB)
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- [PredictorAltPorts_FF93style.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PredictorAltPorts_FF93style.parquet) (16.2 MB)
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- [PlaceboPortsFull.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/Portfolios/Full%20Sets%20Alt/PlaceboPortsFull.parquet) (7.9 MB)
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- **[DailyPortfolios/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios)** — daily returns, long format
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- [Predictor.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/Predictor.parquet) (252 MB)
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- [PredictorVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/PredictorVW.parquet) (252 MB)
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- [CtsPredictorDecile.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/CtsPredictorDecile.parquet) (324 MB)
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- [CtsPredictorDecileVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/CtsPredictorDecileVW.parquet) (324 MB)
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- [CtsPredictorQuintile.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/CtsPredictorQuintile.parquet) (182 MB)
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- [CtsPredictorQuintileVW.parquet](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/CtsPredictorQuintileVW.parquet) (182 MB)
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- [DailyPortSummary.xlsx](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/blob/Data-Release-2026.10/DailyPortfolios/DailyPortSummary.xlsx) (8 KB)
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- **[Results/](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenSourceAP/CrossSection/tree/Data-Release-2026.10/Results)** — figures and tables from the paper
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Older releases may have slightly different file structure.
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## Data Format
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+
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**Firm-level signals** (`Firm Level Characteristics/`)
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- One row per stock-month. `permno` is the CRSP stock identifier, `yyyymm` is the month as an
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integer (e.g. `198601`), and every other column is one signal, named by its acronym in
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`SignalDoc.csv`.
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- Timing: signals are available and relevant for trading (based on the original paper) at the
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end of the month `yyyymm`. Use signals with `yyyymm = 202511` to predict the return between
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end of November 2025 and some future date (e.g. end of December 2025).
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- Note: Many of the original papers imply that signals are valid long after the fiscal year end.
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For example, Fama-French 1992 assume that book equity is available 6 months after the fiscal
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year end, and is relevant for trading for another 12 months after that.
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**Monthly portfolio returns** (`Portfolios/`)
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- Long format (`PredictorPortsFull`, `PlaceboPortsFull` and the `Full Sets Alt` files): one row
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per signal, portfolio and month, with columns
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- `signalname`: the signal's acronym, as in `SignalDoc.csv`
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- `port`: text, `"01"`–`"10"` for quantile portfolios and `"LS"` for long-short
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- `date`: the return month, dated the last trading day of the month
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- `ret`: return, in percent
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- `signallag`: the average lagged signal of the stocks in the portfolio
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- `Nlong`, `Nshort`: the number of stocks in the long and short legs (for quantile
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portfolios, `Nlong` is the number of stocks and `Nshort` is 0)
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- Wide format (`PredictorLSretWide`): long-short returns only, one row per month, with `date`
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and one column per predictor.
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- The return for `date` runs from the closing price on the last trading day of the preceding
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month to the closing price on the last trading day of that month.
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- Long-short portfolios are signed using the original papers' results, so the long leg is
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the one the original paper found to have higher returns.
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**Daily portfolio returns** (`DailyPortfolios/`)
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- Long format with `signalname`, `port`, `date` (the trading day) and `ret` (in percent).
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## Releases
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For another release, replace `Data-Release-2026.10` in the link with that release's branch
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from the table below.
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| Release | Branch (`revision=`) | Notes |
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| ------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 2026.10 | `"Data-Release-2026.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2025-12; CRSP v2 (CIZ); parquet only. See `Release Notes 2026.10.md` |
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| 2025.10 | `"2025.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2024-12; code translated from Stata to Python (v2.0.0) |
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| 2024.10 | `"2024.10"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; patch of 2024.08 fixing look-ahead bias in AnnouncementReturn |
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| 2024.08 | `"2024.08"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2023-12; OptionMetrics signals end 2022-12 |
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| 2023.08 | `"2023.08"` | 212 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2022-12; 5 new predictors; BM follows Stattman (1980) |
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| 2022.04 | `"2022.04"` | 207 predictors, 114 placebos; SignalDoc corrections; no daily portfolios or `Results/` |
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| 2022.03 | `"2022.03"` | 207 predictors, 114 placebos; data through 2021-12; `SignalDoc.csv` replaces the xlsx; FF93-style portfolios added |
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| 2021.04 | `"2021.04"` | 205 predictors, 114 placebos; adds value-weighted and daily portfolios; docs in `SignalDocumentation.xlsx` |
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| 2021.03 | `"2021.03"` | 205 predictors, 114 placebos; **code v1.0.0, matches the CFR publication**; portfolios in `Full_Sets_Main/` and `Full_Sets_Extended/`; `signed_predictors_dl_wide` lacks KZ and ZScore |
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| 2020.07 | `"2020.07"` | 210 base and 104 additional signals; adds trading-cost portfolios (`PortCosts/`); original layout |
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| 2020.05 | `"2020.05"` | 210 base and 104 additional signals; first release; original layout (`signalbase`, `portbase`, ...) |
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Counts include Price, Size, STreversal and BidAskTAQ, which are not in the firm-level files.
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|