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https://dev.to/t/career/page/830 | Career Page 830 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Career Follow Hide This tag is for anything relating to careers! Job offers, workplace conflict, interviews, resumes, promotions, etc. Create Post submission guidelines All articles and discussions should relate to careers in some way. Pretty much everything on dev.to is about our careers in some way. Ideally, though, keep the tag related to getting, leaving, or maintaining a career or job. about #career A career is the field in which you work, while a job is a position held in that field. Related tags include #resume and #portfolio as resources to enhance your #career Older #career posts 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/t/programming/page/3609 | Programming Page 3609 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 3606 3607 3608 3609 3610 3611 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne#comments | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Anik Dash Akash Software Engineer || Competitive Programmer || Node JS || Open-Source Enthusiast Location Dhaka, Bangladesh Joined Joined on Mar 17, 2024 Email address anikakash.dash@gmail.com github website twitter website Education Daffodil International University Pronouns He Work Strativ AB More info about @anikakash Badges One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close 2 Week Community Wellness Streak Keep the community conversation going! Post at least 2 comments for 2 straight weeks and unlock the 4 Week Badge. Got it Close 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. 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Got it Close GitHub Repositories Shortly Shortly - your URL shortener Solutions JavaScript • 3 stars CampusCompass Research your Dream University With Campus Compass PHP • 19 stars Skills/Languages Node.JS, Express.jS, React.JS, C++ Available for Node.JS, React.JS, Post 7 posts published Comment 8 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Pin Pinned Top 10 Clean Code Rules 🎨🚀 Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Sep 5 '24 Top 10 Clean Code Rules 🎨🚀 # cleancode # programming # productivity # career 99 reactions Comments 13 comments 2 min read 🔍 Learning TanStack Query — But First, Manual Caching Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Jun 1 '25 🔍 Learning TanStack Query — But First, Manual Caching # react # javascript # caching # tanstackquery 8 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Want to connect with Anik Dash Akash? Create an account to connect with Anik Dash Akash. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. 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Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Dec 11 '24 Conventional Git Commits With Best Practices. # git # commit # softwareengineering # developer 18 reactions Comments 2 comments 4 min read Interview Question on JS Variable Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Nov 5 '24 Interview Question on JS Variable 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 10 min read Understanding State and Props in React 💻🌱 Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Sep 23 '24 Understanding State and Props in React 💻🌱 # react # javascript # frontend # softwaredevelopment 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read Linux - লিনাক্স Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Sep 6 '24 Linux - লিনাক্স # linux # opensource # archlinux # ubuntu 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read How Can I Setup Sublime Text Editor For Competitive Programming Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Anik Dash Akash Follow Aug 30 '24 How Can I Setup Sublime Text Editor For Competitive Programming # competativeprogramming # 100daysofcode # codepen 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/podcast-on-api-design-and-development-strategies/api-first-automation-testing-feat-alex-chernyak-of-zaptest#main-content | API-First & Automation Testing feat. Alex Chernyak of ZAPTEST - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close API Intersection Follow API-First & Automation Testing feat. Alex Chernyak of ZAPTEST Apr 5 '23 play This week on the API Intersection podcast, we interviewed Alex Chernyak, CEO of ZAPTEST, a software organization specializing in software automation testing and merging automation with RPA. ZAPTEST also automates business processes, using APIs and UI steps to overcome specific customer integration challenges. We chatted with Alex to learn more about automation testing, the role APIs play in that, and why an API-first approach is essential to better performance at ZAPTEST. _____ To subscribe to the podcast, visit https://stoplight.io/podcast --- API Intersection Podcast listeners are invited to sign up for Stoplight and save up to $650! Use code INTERSECTION10 to get 10% off a new subscription to Stoplight Platform Starter or Pro. Offer good for annual or monthly payment option for first-time subscribers. 10% off an annual plan ($650 savings for Pro and $94.80 for Starter) or 10% off your first month ($9.99 for Starter and $39 for Pro). Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/t/career/page/833#main-content | Career Page 833 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Career Follow Hide This tag is for anything relating to careers! Job offers, workplace conflict, interviews, resumes, promotions, etc. Create Post submission guidelines All articles and discussions should relate to careers in some way. Pretty much everything on dev.to is about our careers in some way. Ideally, though, keep the tag related to getting, leaving, or maintaining a career or job. about #career A career is the field in which you work, while a job is a position held in that field. Related tags include #resume and #portfolio as resources to enhance your #career Older #career posts 830 831 832 833 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/t/programming/page/3610 | Programming Page 3610 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Programming Follow Hide The magic behind computers. 💻 🪄 Create Post Older #programming posts 3607 3608 3609 3610 3611 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci/top/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci members online Create Post Feed About Top Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Today Open sort options Now Today This Week This Month This Year All Time Change post view Card Compact Community highlights PSA: This is not r/Programming. Quick Clarification on the guidelines :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Afraid-Technician-74 • GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator r/osdev • GitHub - hn4-dev/hn4 https://github.com/hn4-dev/hn4 • comments Created Mar 24, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 45K 257 r/compsci Rules 1 Be on-topic This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application. Here, we discuss CS research, as well as theory behind software engineering and programming (e.g. language design). This is not a general purpose programming forum. Consider posting topics not related to Computer Science to r/programming . 2 No career, major, or study advice This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application, not the career focused aspects of CS. Posts about careers in CS belong in r/cscareerquestions . Posts about studying CS in university belong in r/csMajors . 3 No homework or introductory questions Even though we like to help you out, this is not the place for homework questions. There are ethical considerations such as how much help to give and what is the right kind of help. Additionally, even introductory questions may not be suitable for this subreddit. Consider instead posting about a generalized problem that can result in a broader discussion, rather than asking people to solve your problem. Check out r/csMajors , r/programming , and r/learnprogramming for additional resources. 4 No tech/programming support These kind of questions belong on r/techsupport , r/learnprogramming , r/programminghelp , r/CodingHelp or StackOverflow. If you want to learn programming, need help with a particular language or have some computer issue, go to those subreddits or to one directly involved with the topic. 5 No purchase advice Posts about consumer hardware are not allowed. Consider r/SuggestALaptop , r/PickAnAndroidForMe , or r/buildapc . Moderators Moderator list hidden. Learn More View all moderators Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. All rights reserved. Expand Navigation Collapse Navigation | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/pockit_tools/pnpm-vs-npm-vs-yarn-vs-bun-the-2026-package-manager-showdown-51dc | pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse HK Lee Posted on Jan 9 • Originally published at pockit.tools pnpm vs npm vs yarn vs Bun: The 2026 Package Manager Showdown # bunjs # pnpm # yarn # npm Every JavaScript project starts with a choice: which package manager? For years, it was npm by default. Then yarn promised faster installs. Then pnpm claimed to save gigabytes of disk space. And now Bun's built-in package manager claims to make everything else obsolete. But here's what no one tells you: the "best" package manager depends entirely on your specific use case, and blindly following benchmarks can lead you astray. A package manager that's perfect for a solo developer's side project might be terrible for a 500-package monorepo—and vice versa. This guide cuts through the marketing hype. After extensive testing across different project sizes and configurations in January 2026, here's what actually matters for each package manager, when to use it, and how to migrate if you need to. 📌 Version Note: This comparison covers npm 11.x, yarn 4.x (Berry), pnpm 10.x, and Bun 1.3 as of January 2026. The Quick Verdict If you're in a hurry, here's the short version: Use Case Recommended Why Solo/small projects Bun Fastest by far, simplest setup Large monorepos pnpm Best disk efficiency, workspace support Enterprise/legacy npm Maximum compatibility, no surprises Yarn ecosystem yarn 4 PnP mode, excellent plugins Performance at scale pnpm or Bun Both excel, pnpm more mature Now let's dive into why. The Contenders: 2026 State of Play npm 11.x Status: Still the default, ships with Node.js Latest: npm 11.7.0 (December 2025) Philosophy: Compatibility over innovation Key Strength: Works everywhere, always npm has evolved significantly. The node_modules structure is now more optimized, and features like npm audit have become industry standards. But npm's conservative approach means it's rarely the fastest or most efficient—it's just the most reliable. yarn 4.x (Berry) Status: Complete rewrite from yarn 1.x Latest: yarn 4.12.0 (January 2026) Philosophy: Innovation through Plug'n'Play (PnP) Key Strength: Zero-installs, plugin architecture Yarn Berry is essentially a different product from yarn 1. The Plug'n'Play feature eliminates node_modules entirely, instead using a .pnp.cjs file that maps imports directly to zip archives. It's radical—and divisive. pnpm 10.x Status: The "smart" alternative Latest: pnpm 10.27.0 (December 2025) Philosophy: Efficiency without breaking compatibility Key Strength: Content-addressable storage, true deduplication pnpm's approach is elegant: store all packages once in a global content-addressable store, then use hard links to make them appear in each project's node_modules . You get the compatibility of the traditional node_modules structure with massive disk savings. Bun 1.3 Package Manager Status: The new challenger Latest: Bun 1.3.0 (January 1, 2026) Philosophy: Speed above all else Key Strength: Native speed, zero configuration, full-stack capabilities Bun isn't just a package manager—it's a complete JavaScript runtime. Bun 1.3 introduced full-stack development features, unified database APIs, and further performance improvements. Its bun install command is often 10-30x faster than npm for cold installs. Benchmark Results: Cold Install Performance Let's start with what everyone cares about—raw speed. We tested each package manager on the same projects with cleared caches: Small Project (50 dependencies) Project: Typical React + TypeScript starter Dependencies: 50 direct, ~400 total Cold Install Times (cleared cache): ┌────────────┬──────────┬────────────┐ │ Manager │ Time │ vs npm │ ├────────────┼──────────┼────────────┤ │ bun │ 0.8s │ 18x faster │ │ pnpm │ 4.2s │ 3.4x faster│ │ yarn │ 6.8s │ 2.1x faster│ │ npm │ 14.3s │ baseline │ └────────────┴──────────┴────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Medium Project (200 dependencies) Project: Next.js 15 app with common libraries Dependencies: 200 direct, ~1,200 total Cold Install Times (cleared cache): ┌────────────┬──────────┬────────────┐ │ Manager │ Time │ vs npm │ ├────────────┼──────────┼────────────┤ │ bun │ 2.1s │ 22x faster │ │ pnpm │ 12.4s │ 3.7x faster│ │ yarn │ 18.2s │ 2.5x faster│ │ npm │ 46.1s │ baseline │ └────────────┴──────────┴────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Large Monorepo (15 packages, 800 dependencies) Project: Turborepo monorepo with 15 packages Dependencies: 800 direct, ~3,500 total Cold Install Times (cleared cache): ┌────────────┬──────────┬────────────┐ │ Manager │ Time │ vs npm │ ├────────────┼──────────┼────────────┤ │ bun │ 4.8s │ 28x faster │ │ pnpm │ 28.6s │ 4.7x faster│ │ yarn │ 52.3s │ 2.6x faster│ │ npm │ 134.2s │ baseline │ └────────────┴──────────┴────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Key Insight: Bun's lead actually increases with project size. For monorepos, the difference is staggering. Cached/Warm Install Performance But cold installs aren't the whole story. Most of the time, you're installing with some level of caching: Warm Install (lockfile exists, some cache): ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ Small (50) │ Large (800) │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ bun │ 0.3s │ 1.2s │ │ pnpm │ 1.1s │ 8.4s │ │ yarn (PnP) │ 0.0s* │ 0.0s* │ │ npm │ 3.2s │ 24.6s │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ * Yarn PnP with zero-installs commits dependencies to repo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Yarn's Zero-Installs Trick: With PnP mode and zero-installs, yarn commits your dependencies directly to the repository. CI/CD runs need zero install time—they just yarn and go. The tradeoff? Your repo size increases significantly. Disk Usage: Where pnpm Shines Raw speed is one thing, but what about your hard drive? Single Project Disk Usage Same 200-dependency project: ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ node_modules │ vs npm │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ npm │ 487 MB │ baseline │ │ yarn │ 502 MB │ +3% │ │ pnpm │ 124 MB* │ -75% │ │ bun │ 461 MB │ -5% │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ * pnpm uses hard links to global store Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Multiple Projects (Same Dependencies) Here's where pnpm's architecture pays off. If you have 10 projects using React 19: 10 Projects with overlapping dependencies: ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ Total Disk │ vs npm │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ npm │ 4.87 GB │ baseline │ │ yarn │ 5.02 GB │ +3% │ │ pnpm │ 612 MB │ -87% │ │ bun │ 4.61 GB │ -5% │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode pnpm stores each unique package version exactly once. Every project links to that single copy. If you work on many projects, pnpm can save tens of gigabytes. Bun's Approach: Bun uses a global cache but still creates full node_modules directories. It's faster than npm/yarn but doesn't achieve pnpm's deduplication. Monorepo Support Compared Monorepos have become the default for many organizations. Here's how each manager handles them: Workspace Configuration npm (workspaces): // package.json { "workspaces" : [ "packages/*" , "apps/*" ] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode yarn (workspaces): // package.json { "workspaces" : [ "packages/*" , "apps/*" ] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode pnpm (pnpm-workspace.yaml): # pnpm-workspace.yaml packages : - ' packages/*' - ' apps/*' Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Bun (workspaces): // package.json { "workspaces" : [ "packages/*" , "apps/*" ] } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Workspace Features Comparison Feature npm yarn pnpm Bun Workspace protocol ( workspace:* ) ❌ ✅ ✅ ✅ Selective dependency installation ❌ ✅ ✅ ✅ Parallel task execution ❌ ✅ ✅ ✅ Cross-workspace linking Basic Good Excellent Good Hoisting control Limited Full Full Limited Filtering ( --filter ) ❌ ✅ ✅ ❌ The Bottom Line: pnpm and yarn are the clear leaders for monorepo management. npm's workspace support is functional but basic. Bun's is improving rapidly but still catching up. Real-World Monorepo Performance We tested a Turborepo setup with 15 packages: Task: Install + Build all packages ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ Install │ Full Build │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ pnpm │ 28.6s │ 142s │ │ bun │ 4.8s │ 138s │ │ yarn │ 52.3s │ 156s │ │ npm │ 134.2s │ 198s │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Interesting: Bun's install speed advantage shrinks when you include build time. The build phase dominates, making the install speed difference less impactful for CI/CD overall. Security Features Security has become a first-class concern. Here's how each manager handles it: Audit Capabilities Feature npm yarn pnpm Bun audit command ✅ Native ✅ Plugin ✅ Native ❌ Auto-fix vulnerabilities ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌ Advisory database npm registry npm registry npm registry - SBOM generation ✅ ✅ Plugin ✅ ❌ Critical Note: Bun currently lacks built-in security auditing. For production applications, you'll need third-party tools like Snyk or Socket. Lockfile Security All four managers use lockfiles to ensure reproducible installs: npm: package-lock.json (JSON) yarn: yarn.lock (custom format) pnpm: pnpm-lock.yaml (YAML) Bun: bun.lockb (binary) Bun's Binary Lockfile: Bun's bun.lockb is binary for speed. While this makes installs faster, it's not human-readable and can't be easily diffed in code review. Bun offers bun.lock (text) as an alternative, but it's not the default. Supply Chain Protection Feature npm yarn pnpm Bun Signature verification ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌ Strict peer dependencies Optional Optional Default Optional .npmrc security options Full Limited Full Limited Network isolation mode ❌ ✅ ✅ ❌ Compatibility Reality Check Here's what nobody talks about: not every package works perfectly with every manager. Known Compatibility Issues (January 2026) pnpm: Some packages break with strict node_modules structure Workaround: shamefully-hoist=true in .npmrc Most major packages now support pnpm natively yarn PnP: Many packages still don't support PnP mode Workaround: nodeLinker: node-modules falls back to traditional structure Adoption is improving but still incomplete Bun: ~98% npm compatibility (up from 95% in 2025) Some native modules still have issues Workaround: Use --backend=copyfile for problematic packages Framework Compatibility Framework npm yarn pnpm Bun Next.js 15 ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Remix ✅ ✅ ✅ ⚠️ Nuxt 4 ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Angular 19 ✅ ⚠️ ✅ ⚠️ SvelteKit ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ Astro 5 ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ⚠️ = Works but some edge cases or extra configuration needed CI/CD Performance For many teams, CI/CD time is where package manager choice really matters: GitHub Actions Benchmark # Same workflow, different package managers # Node.js 22, ubuntu-latest, clean cache ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ Install │ Cache Hit │ Total Job │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ npm │ 48s │ 12s │ 2m 34s │ │ yarn │ 21s │ 8s │ 2m 15s │ │ yarn (PnP) │ 18s │ 0s* │ 2m 02s │ │ pnpm │ 14s │ 4s │ 2m 08s │ │ bun │ 3s │ 1s │ 1m 52s │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ * Zero-installs : dependencies committed to repo Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Docker Build Performance # Multi-stage build comparison ┌────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐ │ Manager │ Layer Cache │ No Cache │ ├────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┤ │ npm │ 18s │ 52s │ │ pnpm │ 8s │ 24s │ │ bun │ 2s │ 6s │ └────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode The Docker Secret: Bun's speed advantage is even more pronounced in Docker because its binary includes the runtime—no need to install Node.js separately. Migration Guides Ready to switch? Here's how: npm → pnpm Install pnpm: npm install -g pnpm Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Import existing lockfile: pnpm import Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Delete old files: rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Install: pnpm install Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Update scripts (if needed): // package.json - usually works as-is { "scripts" : { "dev" : "next dev" , // no change needed "build" : "next build" } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode npm → Bun Install Bun: curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Remove old files: rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Install: bun install Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Update scripts for Bun runtime (optional): { "scripts" : { "dev" : "bun run --bun next dev" , "build" : "bun run next build" } } Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode yarn 1.x → yarn 4.x (Berry) # Enable corepack (Node.js 16+) corepack enable # Set yarn version yarn set version stable # Migrate configuration yarn config set nodeLinker node-modules # for compatibility # Install yarn install Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Rollback Plan If migration causes issues: # Keep your old lockfile backed up! cp package-lock.json package-lock.json.backup # To rollback: rm -rf node_modules bun.lockb pnpm-lock.yaml yarn.lock mv package-lock.json.backup package-lock.json npm install Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode When to Use What: Decision Framework Use npm when: ✅ Maximum compatibility is required ✅ Team is unfamiliar with alternatives ✅ Legacy project with many native dependencies ✅ Corporate environment with strict tooling policies ✅ You want "it just works" Use yarn when: ✅ You need Plug'n'Play zero-installs ✅ You want the plugin ecosystem ✅ Your team is already yarn experts ✅ You need advanced workspace features ✅ Offline-first development is important Use pnpm when: ✅ Disk space is a concern ✅ You have many projects with overlapping dependencies ✅ Large monorepo with complex dependencies ✅ You want speed without sacrificing compatibility ✅ Strict dependency isolation matters Use Bun when: ✅ Speed is the absolute priority ✅ You're starting a new project ✅ CI/CD time is a major cost ✅ You're building Node.js APIs or scripts ✅ You want a unified runtime + package manager The Hidden Costs Nobody Mentions Before you switch, consider: Learning Curve npm → pnpm: Minimal. Almost drop-in. npm → yarn 4: Moderate. PnP mode requires understanding. npm → Bun: Low for package management, higher if using Bun runtime. Tooling Compatibility IDE support: All four work with VS Code, JetBrains, etc. CI/CD templates: npm has the most, Bun the least ready-made Docker images: npm/yarn are everywhere, pnpm common, Bun less common Team Onboarding The fastest package manager doesn't help if it slows down your team. Consider: How comfortable is your team with the new tool? Are your documentation and scripts updated? Have you tested the entire development workflow? Future Outlook: 2026 and Beyond npm: Will remain the default. Focus on incremental improvements. yarn: Continuing to push PnP adoption. Better monorepo support coming. pnpm: Rapid growth in enterprise. Becoming the "safe modern choice." Bun: Aggressive development. Aiming for 100% npm compatibility. May become the default for new projects by 2027. The ecosystem is fragmenting in healthy ways. Competition drives innovation—and all four managers are better for it. Conclusion: There's No Wrong Choice (Mostly) After extensive testing, here's the honest truth: all four package managers work fine for most projects. The performance differences, while measurable, rarely matter for small-to-medium projects. Where choice matters: Monorepos: pnpm or yarn CI/CD-heavy workflows: Bun or pnpm Disk-constrained systems: pnpm Maximum compatibility: npm Bleeding edge: Bun The most important thing isn't which package manager you choose—it's that you choose consistently across your projects and team. Switching between managers constantly creates more friction than any speed difference could justify. My recommendation for 2026: New projects: Try Bun. It's fast enough to justify the minor compatibility risks. Existing projects: Consider pnpm if you're feeling pain. Otherwise, npm is fine. Enterprise monorepos: pnpm is the safe, powerful choice. Benchmarks conducted January 2026 on M3 MacBook Pro with Node.js 22.x. Results will vary based on hardware, network, and project specifics. Always test with your own codebase before making decisions. 🚀 Explore More: This article is from the Pockit Blog . If you found this helpful, check out Pockit.tools . It’s a curated collection of offline-capable dev utilities. Available on Chrome Web Store for free. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse HK Lee Follow solo web developer Joined Dec 26, 2025 Trending on DEV Community Hot I Am 38, I Am a Nurse, and I Have Always Wanted to Learn Coding # career # learning # beginners # coding Top 7 Featured DEV Posts of the Week # top7 # discuss What was your win this week??? # weeklyretro # discuss 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/realnamehidden1_61/you-see-increased-latency-in-api-response-what-are-the-possible-causes-in-apigee-x-3nne | You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse realNameHidden Posted on Jan 13 You See Increased Latency in API Response — What Are the Possible Causes in Apigee X? # apigeex # apigee # api # gcp Introduction You deploy an API, everything works fine, and users are happy. Then one day… complaints start coming in: “The API feels slow.” “It used to respond instantly, now it takes seconds.” Sound familiar? In modern systems, APIs sit at the heart of applications, and even a few extra milliseconds can hurt user experience. This is where Apigee x plays a critical role. Apigee X doesn’t just expose APIs—it helps you control, secure, observe, and optimize them. In this blog, we’ll answer a very common troubleshooting question: “You see increased latency in API responses. What could be the causes in Apigee?” You’ll learn: How API proxies work in Apigee X Common latency contributors (proxy, policies, network, backend) A step-by-step way to diagnose latency Best practices to keep APIs fast and reliable Beginner-friendly, interview-ready, and real-world practical. Core Concepts What Is an API Proxy in Apigee X? An API proxy acts like a middleman between clients and your backend services. Think of ordering food through a delivery app: You place the order (client) The app processes it (API proxy) The restaurant prepares food (backend) If the app is slow, the restaurant is slow, or traffic is high— delivery takes longer . That’s exactly how API latency works. Where Does Latency Come From? API response time is usually made up of: Client → Apigee Proxy → Policies → Network → Backend → Apigee → Client Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Even a small delay at any step adds up. Why API Proxies Matter for Performance API proxies help: Control API traffic Add security and governance Cache responses Observe latency using analytics But… poorly designed proxies can also introduce latency . Common Causes of Increased Latency in Apigee X 1️⃣ Backend Service Is Slow (Most Common Cause) 🧠 Reality check: Apigee can’t magically make a slow backend fast. Symptoms: High target response time Apigee analytics show backend latency dominating Examples: Slow database queries Heavy computation Downstream service delays 📌 Rule of thumb: If backend latency is high, fix the backend first. 2️⃣ Too Many or Heavy Policies in the Proxy Each policy adds processing time . Common heavy policies: JavaScript / Python policies Complex JSON or XML transformations Multiple ServiceCallouts Analogy: It’s like adding more security checks at airport entry—safe, but slower. 3️⃣ ServiceCallout Overuse Calling other APIs inside a proxy = extra network hops. Client → Apigee → Service A → Service B → Backend Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ` Each hop adds latency. 📌 Use ServiceCallout only when necessary and keep them minimal. 4️⃣ Missing or Inefficient Caching If the same data is requested repeatedly and you don’t cache it: ❌ Backend gets hit every time ❌ Response time increases under load Apigee supports: ResponseCache PopulateCache / LookupCache Caching can reduce latency dramatically . 5️⃣ Network & Connectivity Issues Possible network-related causes: Backend hosted in a different region Private connectivity misconfiguration DNS resolution delays 🌍 Distance matters. A backend far from Apigee adds milliseconds fast. 6️⃣ Traffic Spikes & Throttling Side Effects Sudden traffic spikes can: Overload backends Increase queueing delays Trigger retries If traffic management policies aren’t tuned properly, latency increases even if errors don’t. 7️⃣ TLS / SSL Overhead TLS handshakes add latency, especially if: Connections aren’t reused Mutual TLS is enabled Backend certificates are misconfigured Step-by-Step Guide: How to Diagnose Latency in Apigee X Step 1: Check Apigee Analytics Go to API Monitoring / Analytics and look at: Total response time Proxy latency Target (backend) latency 📌 This instantly tells you where the time is spent. Step 2: Compare Proxy vs Target Latency Metric Meaning Proxy Latency Time spent inside Apigee Target Latency Time taken by backend If target latency is high → backend issue If proxy latency is high → policy or design issue Step 3: Review Policies in the Flow Ask: Do I need all these policies? Are transformations happening unnecessarily? Are ServiceCallouts unavoidable? Simpler proxies = faster APIs. Step 4: Add or Tune Caching Example (conceptual): Cache GET responses Set appropriate TTL Avoid caching dynamic data Caching often gives the biggest performance boost . Best Practices to Reduce Latency ✅ 1. Keep API Proxies Lightweight Only add policies that deliver clear value. ✅ 2. Cache Wherever Possible Especially for read-heavy APIs. ✅ 3. Monitor Continuously Latency trends matter more than one-time spikes. ✅ 4. Optimize Backend Performance Apigee amplifies backend behavior—good or bad. ✅ 5. Design for Scale Use traffic management to protect backends before problems start. Common Mistakes to Avoid ❌ 🚫 Assuming Apigee is always the bottleneck 🚫 Ignoring backend latency 🚫 Overusing JavaScript policies 🚫 No caching for frequently accessed data 🚫 Not monitoring latency trends Conclusion Increased API latency is rarely caused by a single issue. In API Proxies in Apigee X , it’s usually a combination of: Backend delays Proxy design choices Policy overhead Network factors Key Takeaways: Measure first, optimize second Separate proxy latency from backend latency Keep proxies simple and observable Use caching and monitoring wisely With the right visibility, latency problems become diagnosable and fixable . Call to Action 🚀 💬 Have you faced latency issues in Apigee X? Share what caused it—and how you fixed it—in the comments. 📌 Follow for more Apigee X , API management , and API traffic management insights. 🔔 Subscribe for beginner-friendly, interview-ready API deep dives. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse realNameHidden Follow Actively Looking For Work Youtube Channel Link : https://www.youtube.com/@realNameHiddenn Blog : https://idiotprogrammern.blogspot.com/ Location India Work Looking For Work email : realnamehiddenyt@gmail.com Joined Oct 23, 2021 More from realNameHidden Your Proxy Should Only Allow Requests with a Custom Header — How Do You Do It in Apigee X? # security # api # tutorial # cloud How Do You Handle Orchestration in Apigee X Using ServiceCallout & FlowCallout? # apigee # interivew # gcp # apigeex You Want Correlation IDs for Logging Across All Proxies — Here’s How to Do It in Apigee X # apigee # apigeex # gcp # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://agileinaction.com/agile-in-action-podcast/2024/02/13/truth-over-artificial-harmony.html | The Agile in Action with Bill Raymond Podcast Home Learn More Sponsors Watch now (here is a direct link ) Listen now Truth over artificial harmony Feb 13, 2024 • Bill Raymond James "Murph" Murphy, Founder of Afterburner and Managing Partner at Afterburner Capital 🌎 James on LinkedIn 🌎 James' website 📩 Contact James on Minnect 📖 James' book: Flawless Execution About this podcast episode 🎙️ How can fighter pilot strategies change the way we deliver success? In today’s podcast, James Murphy, a former fighter pilot turned entrepreneur, shares his journey from the cockpit to the boardroom. Discover how the concept of debriefs, derived from the military and part of Flawless Execution, transforms businesses to increase value. Murph shares the critical role of debriefs in achieving success, emphasizing its power as a tool for continuous improvement and strategic alignment. Through real-world stories, Murph and Bill share how debriefs foster a culture of truth, accountability, and growth. In this podcast, you will learn the following: 🎉 The importance of a nameless, rankless debrief that uncovers the truth and drives team performance 🏆 How debriefs turned around the Giants (a U.S. football team) to win the Super Bowl ✅ The significance of debriefing in avoiding task saturation and enhancing team performance ✅ How debriefs can facilitate adaptive learning, enabling teams to pivot and improve strategies based on real-world outcomes quickly Transcript (transcripts are auto-generated, so please excuse the brevity) [00:00:00] Introducing James "Murph" Murphy Bill Raymond: Hi, and welcome to the Agile and Action Podcast with Bill Raymond today, I’m joined by James Murphy or Murph. Hey Murph. How are you doing today? James Murphy: Hey, Bill. Great to see you. Bill Raymond: Murph you are the Managing Partner at Afterburner Capital, a Founder at Afterburner. You’re an investor, speaker and author. You’re also an 11 times Inc. 5,000 winner and Forbes Small Giant. Wow, that’s quite a number of accomplishments, but before we get started, could you introduce yourself a little bit, so everyone can learn a little bit more about you? James Murphy: Absolutely, Bill. I don’t know if that’s the way I would introduce myself to anyone. So let’s get that out right now. But I’m an entrepreneur when it really comes down to it. I’m a dad, an entrepreneur, former fighter pilot, very passionate about business, but more importantly, really passionate about helping people in their own business journey. James Murphy: So that’s where I find most of my joy. [00:00:51] Understanding the Concept of Flawless Execution Bill Raymond: In today’s podcast, we’re going to be talking about getting to the truth as opposed to artificial harmony. We’ll get into what that means, but you propose that one way to accomplish this is through what you call a debrief. However that debrief is part of an overall concept that you refer to as Flawless Execution. So let’s start there first. What is Flawless Execution? And then we can move on to the concepts of the debrief. [00:01:16] Murph’s Journey from Fighter Pilot to Entrepreneur James Murphy: Like I mentioned earlier, I was a fighter pilot and one of the epiphanies that I had when I first got into training to fly the F-15, which at the time was arguably the most sophisticated jet on the planet. I was actually raised on a farm in central Kentucky. I left the farm to join the air force and in 16 months, I was flying solo in that jet, a twin tailed supersonic military jet fighter. James Murphy: It was just bad to the bone. And as I was lowering myself down in the canopy or in the cockpit, hanging on the canopy rail, I had an epiphany. And that was how does a normal guy like me, Jim Murphy from Shelby County, Kentucky, get into this position? And I realized, looking back on it, that I went through a series of frameworks that created absolute excellence, not only out of an individual like myself, but our team, our squadron, and even an entire enterprise, the United States Air Force. James Murphy: And we were executing at the highest levels in the most VUCA complex environments on the planet, with one of the most diverse workforces, so that just really struck me. And I went, how did this happen? Even though we are operating in the overall DOD, probably one of the most inefficient operations on the planet, the government, how did these pockets of excellence happen? James Murphy: Before I became a fighter pilot, I was a division one athlete, and then I went and worked in the corporate world for about a year and a half. I had a unique perspective there as well, because I said these frameworks, this drive towards mission outcomes and this ethos of flawless execution, this impeccable ethos, was built on purpose. James Murphy: And it would have applied to me as a baseball player playing baseball at the University of Kentucky or me closing more deals, creating a better conversion rate or, driving my own entrepreneurial pursuits. So I vowed on that day to start studying this process and over the last 25 plus years, I’ve been traveling around the world. James Murphy: We’ve named it Flawless Execution, written books about it, have taught it in many universities and taught many businesses probably put over two and a half million people through our training to teach them this simple process that we call Flawless Execution. [00:03:23] The Importance of Debriefing in Flawless Execution James Murphy: And the debrief is certainly one of the cornerstones to the simplicity of this. James Murphy: But it was born and bred in the zero tolerance for error world of military, fighter pilots and air combat. [00:03:33] Breaking Down the Flawless Execution Process Bill Raymond: Previously, when we spoke, you talked about a number of different process steps involved. Bill Raymond: That includes setting a mission objective, a brief, executing on that work, that brief, doing a debrief, which is the big topic of this conversation today, and then you execute and evaluate. Is that what you referring to when you talk about Flawless Execution? James Murphy: That’s in the engine itself. The execution engine is what we call it. But the overall methodology process, heuristic, whatever you may want to call it, has three different parts. It has the part where we drive purpose. That’s where we pull and compel versus push people into the future that we design. You can’t You know predict the future, but you can design the one that you want and work backwards from there. James Murphy: That’s how strategy is formulated, leaders intent, alignment. So that’s the purpose. And then before we get into the execution engine, which is what you just alluded to, below that is the platform and platforms are built on great people that are assessed in the right areas. Training that goes hand in hand with standards, which equates to scalability. But every action needs to be aligned towards the purpose and it needs to have a transparent, rigorous, simple process to get things done. James Murphy: And we believe, and I learned this flying fighters before I went to fly any mission, first we planned. And the planning wasn’t a long range plan, it wasn’t where we visited the vision. It was how we were going to execute today or tomorrow. And it started with that mission objective, like you said. And then we looked at threats that stand in the way of that objective. James Murphy: We look at resources we’re going to need to negate the threat. We bring in lessons learned from previous truth over artificial harmony debriefs, if you will, to accelerate our plan’s experience before we go execute, then we come up with a course of action. And this is accountability into the individuals, into the team’s approach, who is going to do what, by when. James Murphy: Then we’re going to red team that plan at this point, bring in some fresh eyes, other fighter pilots that didn’t fall in love with our plan. And we’re going to red team that plan, come up with some more contingencies. And then we’ve got a great little plan. After that, we then brief the plan. Now what’s the brief all about? James Murphy: We’ve already planned, but planning is about brainstorming. It’s about everybody collaborating and getting everybody on the same sheet of music, but eventually we have to execute and you can’t plan and execute at the same time. So we realize there’s a preparatory step to executing where true accountability comes in before we go launch our mission. James Murphy: And that’s the brief. And that’s where the leader stands and everybody else sits. And we reiterate what we all agree to in the plan. So we refresh the plan one more time. We ask everybody, does anyone have any questions? Hopefully no one has a question at this point. So now as a leader, I can hold them accountable to what? The pre-brief plan. At a minimum, we can hold each other accountable to that. [00:06:12] The Role of Task Saturation in Execution James Murphy: But all of your listeners know that in a VUCA environment, the best plans cannot predict everything that’s going to happen in the here and now. So we actually go fly the mission and we get our nose bloody. And we realized there were gaps in our assumptions, i.e. the brief and the plan. James Murphy: While we’re executing, we realize also that there’s this thing called task saturation that affects our performance. And task saturation, as it increases, errors increase and performance actually decreases. And I found that in most corporate environments, people are proud of the amount of task saturation they’re shouldering. They think it actually inhibits performance, but it’s just the opposite. It kills pilots. Task saturation is something that we need to talk about, train towards. James Murphy: So we plan, we brief, we execute by eliminating task saturation, then as soon as we land, that’s where the truth comes in. We debrief. The debrief is the most important thing that we do. And what struck me as a fighter pilot is when I went into a debrief, even though the military is hierarchical and you have rank and you salute people and there’s reprimand for things that you do wrong, when we went into the debrief, all that went away. James Murphy: It was nameless and rankless. It didn’t matter if there was a one star general in the room, or a brand new lieutenant, or a bunch of middle managers, captains in the room. When we debriefed and that door closed, it was truth over artificial harmony. The hierarchy went away. The rank structure went away. James Murphy: Your experience levels were important, but not was ever going to get in the way of the truth. We would peel back the onion, do a root cause analysis in a true nameless, rankless environment for the betterment of what? The next mission. And the only thing that would come out of the debrief were lessons learned and these lessons learned were concrete root causes, not the active human errors, how or who made an error, but why, the team, the enterprise, the things that are the root cause, things like a lack of communication or better communication protocol or certain leadership tendencies that got in the way, or maybe it was an organizational issue. James Murphy: If we can uncover that root cause, then when we roll it back into the next day’s plan, not only will our team execute not 3 to 5 percent better, which is what corporate America is happy with, but 30 40 50 even 60 or 70 percent better in one iteration. And oh, by the way, If that root cause is important enough, we could communicate it to the rest of the organization or create new standards to make them execute at a higher level. James Murphy: So plan, brief, execute, debrief, and if you do that tighter and tighter, your team, your organization can actually catch up to the same rate of change in a VUCA environment or maybe even almost stay one step ahead of it. Bill Raymond: Well, all this sounds very agile to me. We’re keeping in touch, we’re making sure that we’re continuously doing the right things and we’re circling back. Bill Raymond: One of the things that really stood out for me when you were talking, was this whole concept of task saturation. It’s true. If we think that we’re going to just keep giving people work so that they’re continuously busy, that does not necessarily mean they’re going to produce more. Bill Raymond: As a matter of fact, we might even be producing less because people just can’t stay at 110% all the time. James Murphy: Absolutely. And it’s a human factorial issue. We flew fighters, we, we spent a lot of time training on when and where in the mission cycle or the business cycle, are you most likely to get task saturated? We’re the highest task loading areas. So we want to know about that before we jump in the cockpit. And then we want to build tools that will help us identify or eliminate task saturation. First, what types of task saturation is there? How does the brain react? One that we use in our seminars and our training is all the time is called channelized attention. And that’s where a team or an individual would channelize what seemingly is the biggest issue. James Murphy: And the detriment of everything else. And we show a famous airline accident video, Eastern Flight 401 that happened many years ago. But it’s a famous airline accident where three highly trained crew members are flying a perfectly good airplane, but they have a burnt out light bulb in the cockpit. And they all three focused on this light bulb at such a level that they let a perfectly good airliner full of passengers fly right into the Everglades. James Murphy: It’s a powerful example on how not only an individual, but a team can become channelized and that’s the way they react. Bill Raymond: Going back to your definition of the debrief, I understand the value of this. It’s a nameless rankless meeting. Everyone goes into the meeting, if you will, at the same level and we work through what went wrong and what we need to do to fix it. Bill Raymond: Now many of our listeners, which I’ll refer to as agile practitioners, they might refer to this as a retrospective. Where we look back and celebrate our wins over the last week or two, we look at what went wrong, and what are some of the improvements that we can make moving forward? It’s a number of different things that we’re doing. Bill Raymond: Is that the right way to look at a debrief? James Murphy: I believe our debriefs are much different than a retrospective an agile retrospective, but we teach a seven step methodology called STEALTH in our debrief. And in its essence, the S is Set a time and place to debrief. James Murphy: It’s not on the calendar. It’s never going to happen, and we don’t debrief regular work. We only debrief objectives that are going to get us to our future strategic objectives, KPIs, etc. James Murphy: So we’re going to debrief. We’re going to set the time and place. The T is set the Tone. It’s important to have a nameless, rankless environment where there’s no fear of reprimand, where people can freely admit errors or successes in front of each other, their peers, or their supervisors. James Murphy: Rarely do we ever get to that point in business. So it’s the leader’s number one objective over time to create a culture during the debrief of a psychologically safe environment, so we can really get to the root cause, because that’s what’s keeping the team from uncovering the truth. James Murphy: This is not a human resource activity. This is an activity to get better the next iteration in a mission. We set the tone and then after we set the tone, we analyze the execution. James Murphy: We want to analyze the courses of action that we set out in our plan now that we have the results, or their gaps, or their errors. And many times those errors or gaps or even successes are active human errors by an individual that was part of the team, so certainly we have to get to that, but this is the magic of the debrief, the art of the debrief. James Murphy: It’s not about really saying, Hey, Bill, you made this error. Why’d you screw up? It’s not about that at all. It’s like Bill, hey, I noticed that this happened and that’s happened to us before in the past, but let’s find out why this happened because maybe there were other contributing factors that would keep me and the rest of us from making an error like that in the future. James Murphy: So let’s peel back the onion and find out why. And the why doesn’t have anything to do with you, Bill. It has everything to do with our environment, our team, our standards, our ethos. Let’s look at the "whys". So it’s really important to analyze the execution. And the whole purpose of analyzing the execution is to eventually get to a lesson learned. James Murphy: And a lesson learned is a step by step protocol to address the why. It’s something that comes out of the debrief. It is the derivative. And a lot of times when you analyze these execution errors or successes, a pattern will develop, an error chain, if you will. And that’s where the real magic is. That’s where we create a step by step protocol to address that. James Murphy: That’s the lesson learned. And that’s the only thing that leaves the debrief. And then the last thing that you do as a leader is ensure the team ends on a high note. A lot of times, debriefs focus on the errors versus the successes. So you, as a leader, want people very much looking forward to the next debrief and they understand why, and not dreading it. Bill Raymond: Okay, so I can see the value of the debrief, but I keep thinking back to implementation if you will. So here we have this situation where we have this nameless rankless meeting, so we’re just leaving our titles at the door, and then we’re going to peel back the onion. And all of that sounds great, but here’s the challenge. Bill Raymond: What if there are people in that room that are rank or even multiple ranks above you? People might feel uncomfortable in that kind of an environment, especially if something might be a little bit more targeted at them. Bill Raymond: Could you address how you deal with those two situations? James Murphy: Absolutely. And you have a very sophisticated listener base. They’re very familiar with agile and retrospectives and maybe even debriefing. But, it’s important that we debrief only the mission objective. That’s it. This isn’t a meeting. It’s a debrief. So that’s where you have to start. And then when you analyze the execution errors and successes. First, you have to ask the question. How did this occur? And when you ask that question, typically you can go right back into the plan and a person’s name and an actual action or activity he or she was responsible for. James Murphy: We want to know how it occurred. Now, like I said earlier, we want to get past that very quickly because I made a mistake today and Bill, that could be you tomorrow. But more importantly, we want to ask the question why, and we have to ask the question more than once. I know our engineers out there go root cause analysis, ask why five times. Sure, we can ask it five times if you want, but you do need to ask why multiple times and really find out the root cause. And I find the LOTCD acronym to be pretty good for the buckets of root causes, leadership, organization, teamwork, communication, discipline, experience, and knowledge. Usually, we’ve found out the whys fall in one of those buckets. James Murphy: Let’s say the why was there was an organizational issue that caused you, Bill, to miss a deadline. We want to know why. Is it because we just switched from Outlook to Google Calendars and everybody’s not up to speed? James Murphy: Why did that happen? Was that because the leader, myself, didn’t communicate that and hold everybody accountable that on this particular day, we’re Google only? Why did that occur? So we’re going to keep going down until we find the true root cause, because when we go analyze another error or success and line it up next to them and another one, we may see a lot of commonalities. James Murphy: Organization again. And when we ask the whys, we might find out the exact same thing is occurring. So it’s really important to get to that level in the debrief. I don’t know if I answered your question or not. Bill Raymond: Yes, I think you did. These conversations can be really hard for anyone in a meeting. When you’re peeling back the onion, and you’re asking lots of questions. Sometimes people feel pointed at, they might feel a little defensive. They might want to push back just because they don’t like their name being mentioned as much. And this nameless, rankless environment will help with that. Bill Raymond: So, I guess my question is this, how do you implement it? Because it’s easy to say ah, sure. I’m at this level and you’re a seven levels above me. And we’re just going to pretend like that doesn’t exist in the meeting because in real life it does exist. So, how do we give that space for people to have those interactions? James Murphy: First, you have to get the leadership to buy into this methodology that you’re going to use, right? So you can bring in us to help you with that, or you can convince them that potentially rank, experience, level, other things, it’s getting in the way of truth. So we have to eliminate that. So as a leader, we have to set the tone. James Murphy: And when we work with leaders, we simply say it’s a two step process and you have to set the tone for every single debrief, because people aren’t going to believe you for a while, depending on what kind of leader you are. It’s going to take them a while to warm up to this, oh, this is a debrief, this is my time to freely admit errors or mistakes or point other people’s errors or mistakes out, God forbid, for the betterment of the team. James Murphy: It takes a while to get a team there. And you have to be a strong leader to get there. But first you have to set the tone in front of your team. So the first thing you have to do is go, okay, we’re debriefing this, let’s call it sprint for the last week. We’re going to revisit our mission objective. James Murphy: As a leader, what are one or two things I could have done better as a leader and you got to sit and do some deep thought on it and they have to be real. Instead of you going right to the team. Why don’t you do inside outside criticism in front of your team. Here are two things I could have done better as your leader in the last week to help us accomplish the mission objective one and two. James Murphy: And that’s not enough. If you really want to set the tone, then you go I’d like to hear from the team now that I’ve told you what I think I can do better. You all are out there working on this project as well. What do you think I could have done better as your leader on this mission objective? Not as the VP of sales or the VP of Ops, or as an overall leader in the company structure, but helping us lead this small team to get to this mission objective? James Murphy: And people may be hesitant to admit right away, and that’s fine. Now it’s time to just pick somebody out. "Sue, you are right here neck and neck with this project with me this week. What’s one thing that you have for me? I really want to know. I’ve told you the two things that I think I could have done better in the last week, what’s one thing that you have for me?", and get what we call two or three at the max daggers coming back to you. And that’s it. And then shut down that part of the debrief, but every debrief starts like that. So over time, you will gain the trust of your team members. Bill Raymond: Yeah, that’s a great idea. Opening up yourself to criticism will allow everyone else to feel a lot more comfortable. [00:19:06] The Power of Debriefing: A Super Bowl Case Study Bill Raymond: Now we’re getting to the end of this podcast and we’ve been talking about these debriefs for awhile, but I know you have some good case studies. Maybe you have one example that could drive home the importance of these debriefs and how they work in real life? James Murphy: First of all, don’t just debrief without using a framework like our system framework or find one that’s proven. Don’t just go, would we do right? Would we do wrong? That’s not really a debrief. And the other thing is don’t debrief everything. People are going to get tired of coming to your debrief. James Murphy: We’re not debriefing regular work. We’re not debriefing actual actions and activities. We’re debriefing the courses of action that were planned to get us to a preplanned mission objective that’s going to move the needle in the future. James Murphy: But, we’ve got so many case studies. James Murphy: I guess the one is one of my favorites is we got a call from Coach Tom Coughlin, who was the coach of the New York Giants at the time, and they were trying to make a run at the Super Bowl. And he called us during their BYE week, and they had just lost, I think, to the Bills. And he called up and said, Murph, I read your book, Flawless Execution, and I’m on the debrief chapter, and I really think this could help our team. James Murphy: We have Eli Manning this year, and Justin Tuck, and I really thought we were going to be contenders for Super Bowl. This is 2012, by the way. Can you fly up and talk to me about this? So I do and he goes, this is incredible Murph. Why don’t you bring your team next week? I’m going to take an hour out of our practice schedule, have everybody come into our auditorium. James Murphy: I want you to give us a keynote. I want you to really focus on the debrief and we’ll see how it goes. And the big area that he had problems with, was he had a gap defense problem. But he had an offensive problem too and what was happening is you had guys like Eli Manning and Justin Tuck, these pro bowlers, but we had young rookies that were in critical positions and they were scared to death of these guys. James Murphy: Because in the football world, when it’s time to watch films at the end of the week, you don’t want your name mentioned. You don’t want your name in lights. And when you go up to Eli Manning and he’s your hero your whole life, and now you’re playing with him, it’s hard to say, Eli, the reason I missed that snap count is because you are off cadence. James Murphy: That’s the last thing you’re going to do, right? So they kept making these errors because of this communication problem because of these stars they had on the team and the rookies. James Murphy: So we gave the seminar and right when we were done, coach Coughlin said "This is amazing, I’ve never done this before in my football career, but we’re going to cancel the rest of the day of practice, Murph, if your team will stay here and Murph, you work with Eli and the offense, and one of your other guys work with the defense and Justin Tuck and the other guys go down the room with special teams and coaches and teach us how to do this debrief." James Murphy: So that’s what we did. The very next week, coach Perry Fuel, who’s the defensive coordinator called me at seven o’clock at night, I think it was like Tuesday or Wednesday night. James Murphy: And he goes, "Murph, we just had our STEALTH debrief," by the way, I think they lost that game. And I go, "Oh, coach, how did it go?" He goes "the team got into a fistfight." I’m like, "what?" And, here I thought, we’re going to be on the cover of Sports Illustrated for all the wrong reasons. James Murphy: And then he paused and he goes " No, Murph, it’s the turning point of our season. It’s the best thing that ever happened to us. Don’t worry about that. We’ll deal with that. But obviously we need your help facilitating the debrief. So can you come and facilitate our debrief from here on out?" Which we did. We had one of our guys, top guy, Boots, he was an F-15 pilot, grew up in that area as a Giants fan. James Murphy: So he stayed with the team on a weekly basis for the debrief. When they beat the 49ers for the AFC Championship, Boots called me from the locker room with Coach Coughlin, and he invited us and our spouses to go to Indianapolis for the Super Bowl. And if they were fortunate enough to win, they were going to allow us to come up on the podium and hoist the Lombardi Trophy with them. James Murphy: And in fact, that’s what happened. It was an incredible experience for us. And then we went on to work with a bunch more teams, I think 14 total NFL teams. But, there’s a great example of debriefing and why the truth gets in the way because you had these superstars, you had rookies that were infatuated with them. James Murphy: You had a coaching culture that was very much in the film room. When your name was called, that meant you screwed up and you screwed up only. And they were going to highlight you based on your how, your act of human error, but never really got to the why. Oh, that’s an inspiring story that must’ve been exciting for you! James Murphy: It was great. Sports Illustrated wrote about it. You can read about it if you want, but Coach Coughlin said that was the number one reason they turned their season around working with us and that debrief. And that was one of the main reasons they had that magical year. They almost didn’t even hit 500 there for a while and they turned a season around that wasn’t so pretty and ended up winning the Super Bowl. It was really cool. They had us come a few weeks later to Tiffany’s for the ring ceremony. It was a really neat experience for our team. Bill Raymond: Wow. That’s incredible. [00:23:30] Implementing Debriefing in Your Organization Bill Raymond: I’m sure we have some listeners that are thinking I want to do this. I want to do a debrief. What are some of the steps that they need to take in order to get started? James Murphy: if debriefing is something you’re interested in, definitely create a culture of safety. And we do need to get to the truth. So make sure that you compel your team and have them understand why you’re going to create this nameless, rankless debrief. Use some of the stories that I just told you about. James Murphy: The real importance is getting better the next mission. And it’s not only a little bit better, but it’s a lot better. Without the debrief, you can learn through repetition. You can even learn through a basic debrief where you go, what went right? What went wrong? But there are Harvard business studies or many case studies on the effectiveness of a debrief. James Murphy: But if you have a true facilitated debrief using a framework, like STEALTH, Your improvement can be as high as 70 percent in one iteration, and that’s phenomenal. I don’t know what 70 percent would do to some of your listeners for their individual bonuses, their team’s performance, the EBITDA they’re trying to drive, but, it’s significant. James Murphy: The other thing that I would encourage is to use a framework like STEALTH. Hey, we’re going to debrief on this day, on this time, and it’s not a meeting, it’s a debrief. The only thing we’re going to focus on is last week’s mission objective and its accomplishment. James Murphy: So people know, hey, it’s not a general meeting. We’re not going to stuff a bunch of other items into this thing. So that’s the S in STEALTH. T, set the Tone, nameless and rankless. We talked about how you as a leader can do that. E, Execution versus the objectives. Why are we here? This objective and this objective only. A, Analyze the errors and successes. Go back to your plan and look at the results. Analyze the gap between the plan and the results. That’s what we’re debriefing. And we want to ask the question "how did that activity get there?" It’s usually an active human error. We want to go ahead and point it out. It’s obvious. James Murphy: But do it in a very respectful way. The only reason we’re doing that is so we can get to the next step, which is the "why" and the "why" is not about you, Bill. The "why" is about one of these things: a lack of leadership, a breakdown in organization, teamwork, communication, discipline, experience, and knowledge. James Murphy: Those are the only areas we’re focusing. And that’s the team, that’s the enterprise level, not the individual level. And then we want to analyze the multiple errors or successes and look for error chains. Is one of those LOTCD acronyms recurring? Oh yeah, leadership recurred here, and here. What part of leadership? James Murphy: We’re not really holding each other accountable. There’s really no downside if we miss a milestone. Can we agree on what that might look like and what that might be? It might even be a neat little contest. But boy, that’s where the breakdown is. Let’s put a step-by-step protocol in to drive that contest that will actually give us the outcomes, and let’s make that part of our daily standups. James Murphy: Okay, we’ll incorporate in our daily standups. And now all of a sudden your execution levels shoot up. It could be that simple. So after we analyze the execution, we would come up with a lesson learned. James Murphy: It’s a step by step protocol to address that recurring root cause. And that’s the L. T is to transfer the lesson learned across the organization, up and down the vertical and H end on the high note. So people are looking forward to your debrief, not dreading it. That’s STEALTH. Bill Raymond: Bill Raymond: You know, it’s interesting as you’re imparting your knowledge, I’m thinking about some experiences that I’ve had in the past. And specifically, I’m thinking about this really large project I had. Bill Raymond: It’s a government project with an entity that you would know the name of along with leaders that you would know the name of, if I told you. Bill Raymond: The project was failing in many different fronts. We had some problems with resourcing people on the project. We had some budget issues and of course the timeline was getting longer and longer. Bill Raymond: And as a consultant, I called up the account manager at the time for this project and said, we have a problem, I really need your help. And we need to make a decision on how to move this forward. And his response to me was, well, listen, Bill, I’m waiting for you to make that decision and tell me what I need to do. Bill Raymond: That’s not something I was used to before, but you know, at the end of the day he was right. If I think about it, my biggest concern was pulling my team together and figuring out what exactly the problem was so that we could have a conversation with these leaders and see what other input they might have. Bill Raymond: So it was very stressful for myself and the rest of the team. We all had to get dressed up in our best suits. You would take the elevator up to the top level, sit in this room with these people that have these faces, where you can’t read them to save your life. Bill Raymond: And you have to tell them that, your project is not going well. By the time we were done with the meeting, I thought we’re going to get fired to be quite honest with you. I still couldn’t read their faces. But instead, what they said is we need more of this. And here’s what we did wrong. Here’s some of the things that we can fix right now. Here’s how we want to be involved in the project moving forward. Bill Raymond: And here’s how we should incorporate this kind of communication moving forward. And are you okay with that? And so we started putting all of that together. Now. I wish I had the STEALTH framework in front of me at that time. But we did something similar and I can tell you that it does work and sometimes you just have to face these things head on. James Murphy: Yeah. You bring up something that’s real important and that’s the, these were good leaders that were listening, right? So they understood the magic that you were giving them. That doesn’t always happen. So early on as consultants, when we work with that organization, they go, we want to embrace Flawless Execution from top to bottom. It takes that kind of a candid conversation. And I remember working with some leaders with VMware, we did a ton of work with them when they were going through some big pivots and, Pat Gelsinger, their CEO at the time, now the CEO of Intel, we had that conversation with Pat and he was just great and, not every leader is. But I think it’s important for us to have that conversation if we’re really going to establish this truth over artificial harmony. Bill Raymond: Well, I think that’s a great way to end the conversation. [00:29:17] Conclusion and Contact Information Bill Raymond: James Murphy, Murph, if anyone is listening to this right now and thinks they might want to reach out to you and have a further conversation about Flawless Execution, Debriefs, STEALTH, how might they be able to reach you? James Murphy: Yeah, you can reach me through Minnect, which is an app. My LinkedIn address is James D as in Delta, James D Murphy or flawless execution on LinkedIn. And I also have a website, jamesdmurphy.com. Great, I will make sure that all the links you mentioned are in the https://agileinaction.com website for this podcast. If you’re in a podcast app, go down to the show notes, and if you’re on YouTube watching the video, just go down to the description and you’ll find it there. Murph, this was a great conversation. Thank you so much for your time today! James Murphy: Thank you, sir. And happy hunting to all your listeners out there. Good luck. [00:30:04] Outro Speaker: Thank you for listening to the Agile in Action Podcast with Bill Raymond. Subscribe now to stay current on the latest trends in team, organization, and agile techniques. Please take a moment to rate and comment to help us grow our community. This podcast is produced in affiliation with Cambermast LLC, and our executive producer is Reama Dagasan. Speaker: If there is a topic you would like Bill to cover, contact him directly at Bill.Raymond@agileinaction.com. 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https://dev.to/abdulrahman_othman/comment/2ji1f | Thanks! - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Discussion on: My Top 5 Favorite Resources for Learning to Code View post Collapse Expand Abdulrahman Othman Abdulrahman Othman Abdulrahman Othman Follow Joined Jun 9, 2024 • Nov 15 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/evanlin | Evan Lin - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Forem Close Follow User actions Evan Lin Attitude is Everything. @golangtw Co-Organizer / LINE Taiwan Technology Evangelist. Golang GDE. Location Taipei Joined Joined on Jun 16, 2020 Personal website https://www.evanlin.com github website twitter website Work Technology Evangelist at LINE Corp. Google Developer Expert Awarded for publishing your first post under the GDE organization 👏 Got it Close Five Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least five years. Got it Close Four Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least four years. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Three Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least three years. Got it Close Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close More info about @evanlin Organizations Google Developer Experts Skills/Languages Golang Post 231 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 2 tags followed Book Sharing: Koreans Are Different Than You Think Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Koreans Are Different Than You Think 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Steve Jobs: The Biography (Updated Edition) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Steve Jobs: The Biography (Updated Edition) # career # leadership # motivation # product Comments Add Comment 4 min read 2020: Review and Outlook Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 2020: Review and Outlook # career # devjournal # productivity Comments Add Comment 1 min read TIL: Byzantine Generals Problem in Real-World Distributed Systems Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 TIL: Byzantine Generals Problem in Real-World Distributed Systems # computerscience # learning # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 3 min read Book Sharing: These Strategists Are Unusual Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: These Strategists Are Unusual # discuss # resources # watercooler Comments Add Comment 3 min read [TIL] Golang community discussion about PTT BBS Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Golang community discussion about PTT BBS # discuss # community # backend # go Comments Add Comment 15 min read LINE Taiwan Developer Relations: 2020 Review and 2021 Community Plans Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Taiwan Developer Relations: 2020 Review and 2021 Community Plans # community # developer # devjournal Comments Add Comment 8 min read LINE Taiwan Developer Relations 2020 Review and 2021 Developer Community Plan Report (Part 2: Internal Evangelism) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Taiwan Developer Relations 2020 Review and 2021 Developer Community Plan Report (Part 2: Internal Evangelism) # community # developer # devjournal Comments Add Comment 4 min read LINE Taiwan DevRel: 2020 Review and 2021 Community Plans (Part 3: Technical Branding and Hiring) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Taiwan DevRel: 2020 Review and 2021 Community Plans (Part 3: Technical Branding and Hiring) # devjournal # community # marketing # career 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 8 min read Instagram's Rise: Secrets and Costs Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Instagram's Rise: Secrets and Costs # discuss # product # startup Comments Add Comment 5 min read Go 1.16: Retracting Versions in Go Modules Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Go 1.16: Retracting Versions in Go Modules # go # learning # tooling Comments Add Comment 3 min read [Learning Notes] Golang: A Simple Introduction to New Features in Golang 1.16 Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] Golang: A Simple Introduction to New Features in Golang 1.16 # go # learning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read Python] Build a Smart Document Assistant LINE Bot with Python + Gemini File Search: Let AI Help You Read Documents Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow for Google Developer Experts Jan 11 Python] Build a Smart Document Assistant LINE Bot with Python + Gemini File Search: Let AI Help You Read Documents # gemini # python # rag 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 9 min read Book Sharing: Creative Selection - An Apple iPhone Software Chief's Exclusive Confession Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Creative Selection - An Apple iPhone Software Chief's Exclusive Confession Comments Add Comment 4 min read [Golang] Issues When Enabling Go Modules in Old Open Source Projects Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Golang] Issues When Enabling Go Modules in Old Open Source Projects # learning # tooling # go # opensource Comments Add Comment 5 min read [TIL][Android] Common Android Studio Project Opening Issues Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL][Android] Common Android Studio Project Opening Issues # help # beginners # android # kotlin Comments Add Comment 2 min read [TIL][Kotlin] Quick Kotlin Syntax Overview Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL][Kotlin] Quick Kotlin Syntax Overview Comments Add Comment 1 min read [Learning Notes] [Golang] How to Develop OAuth2 PKCE with Golang - Using LINE Login as an Example Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] [Golang] How to Develop OAuth2 PKCE with Golang - Using LINE Login as an Example # security # webdev # go # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read [TIL][Jekyll] Replacing Disqus with utterances for GitHub issue comments Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL][Jekyll] Replacing Disqus with utterances for GitHub issue comments # webdev # tooling # github # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Sharing: When to Jump: The Science of Timing Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: When to Jump: The Science of Timing # learning # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 6 min read [Learning Notes] [Golang] Migrating Disqus Comments to Github Issues by Writing disqus-importor-go Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] [Golang] Migrating Disqus Comments to Github Issues by Writing disqus-importor-go # tooling # github # go # opensource Comments Add Comment 4 min read [TIL][Go] Using GoReleaser to Package Multiple Executables Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL][Go] Using GoReleaser to Package Multiple Executables # cicd # tooling # go # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Important Notes for Receiving Requests via Webhook URL Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Important Notes for Receiving Requests via Webhook URL # api # backend # tutorial Comments Add Comment 10 min read Free Online Book Resources (Library Resources) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Free Online Book Resources (Library Resources) # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read Sharing a Good Book: Iwata Asks - The Legendary Life of the Nintendo Savior, From Genius Programmer to President Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Good Book: Iwata Asks - The Legendary Life of the Nintendo Savior, From Genius Programmer to President # learning # gamedev # leadership # career Comments Add Comment 9 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Sending API Requests - Notes Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Sending API Requests - Notes # learning # api # tutorial # programming Comments Add Comment 9 min read Book Sharing: Life Begins at 40: What to Do Based on the Experiences of 10,000 People Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Life Begins at 40: What to Do Based on the Experiences of 10,000 People # career # productivity # resources Comments Add Comment 7 min read What's the Hardest Thing to Manage? - Silicon Valley VC's Management Wisdom Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 What's the Hardest Thing to Manage? - Silicon Valley VC's Management Wisdom # leadership # management # startup Comments Add Comment 11 min read [Learning Notes] LINE Bot Developer Guide Explained - 4. LINE Login Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] LINE Bot Developer Guide Explained - 4. LINE Login # api # learning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: LINE Login (Supplement) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: LINE Login (Supplement) # api # programming # tutorial Comments Add Comment 6 min read LINE Bot Developer Guide: Other Related Features Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 LINE Bot Developer Guide: Other Related Features # documentation # tutorial # api # programming Comments Add Comment 7 min read Far Cry 5: Game Review (PS4) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Far Cry 5: Game Review (PS4) # discuss # watercooler Comments Add Comment 4 min read Book Sharing: From Zero to One - Uncovering the Secrets of How the World Works and Finding Value in Unexpected Places Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: From Zero to One - Uncovering the Secrets of How the World Works and Finding Value in Unexpected Places # learning # resources # startup Comments Add Comment 6 min read Golang Notes: Trello Application Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Golang Notes: Trello Application # api # go # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Golang for Mach-O File Reverse Engineering Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Golang for Mach-O File Reverse Engineering # computerscience # go # security Comments Add Comment 2 min read [TIL] Exporting from Apple Notes Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Exporting from Apple Notes # security # ios # productivity # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read [TIL] Markdown Paste: A VSCode Powerhouse for Pasting Images Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Markdown Paste: A VSCode Powerhouse for Pasting Images # productivity # tooling # vscode Comments Add Comment 2 min read APCSCamp 2021: How to Learn Programming and Intern at LINE Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 APCSCamp 2021: How to Learn Programming and Intern at LINE # learning # beginners # career # programming Comments Add Comment 10 min read Golang: Trying out Go Proposal 45713 'Multi-Module Workspaces' Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Golang: Trying out Go Proposal 45713 'Multi-Module Workspaces' # go # tooling # tutorial Comments Add Comment 2 min read Sharing: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing: "How to Build Your Own Open Source Project" # beginners # opensource # tutorial Comments Add Comment 11 min read Book Review: Daylight Robbery - How Taxes Shaped the Past and Will Change the Future Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Review: Daylight Robbery - How Taxes Shaped the Past and Will Change the Future # discuss # resources # watercooler Comments Add Comment 7 min read Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing: How to Build Competitiveness and Soft Skills, and Write a Good Resume # learning # beginners # writing # career Comments Add Comment 9 min read Sharing a Good Book: How to Criticize Effectively (Instead of Yelling) to Build a High-Performing Team Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Good Book: How to Criticize Effectively (Instead of Yelling) to Build a High-Performing Team # leadership # management # productivity Comments Add Comment 3 min read Book Sharing: How a Dividend Investor Covers Daily Expenses with 600 Stocks Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: How a Dividend Investor Covers Daily Expenses with 600 Stocks # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 4 min read [TIL] How to Safely Transfer Your Switch Data to a New OLED Model Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] How to Safely Transfer Your Switch Data to a New OLED Model # watercooler # learning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read [TIL] Adding a Nice Contributors Icon to Github Releases Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Adding a Nice Contributors Icon to Github Releases # learning # github # productivity # opensource Comments Add Comment 1 min read Sharing a Good Book: How to Pick Stocks and Save Millions Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Sharing a Good Book: How to Pick Stocks and Save Millions Comments Add Comment 6 min read [Learning Notes] [Golang] Started Modifying LINE PTT Query Bot Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Learning Notes] [Golang] Started Modifying LINE PTT Query Bot # learning # github # go # opensource Comments Add Comment 2 min read [Golang] Fixing "undefined: sql.NullTime" Errors with go-pg on Heroku Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Golang] Fixing "undefined: sql.NullTime" Errors with go-pg on Heroku # learning # postgres # backend # go Comments Add Comment 2 min read [TIL] Typora 1.0 and Now Paid (with Useful Resources) Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TIL] Typora 1.0 and Now Paid (with Useful Resources) # news # resources # tooling Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Sharing: Thinking in Grays Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Thinking in Grays # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 6 min read 2021 Year in Review Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 2021 Year in Review # watercooler # devjournal # learning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Book Sharing: Win by Lying Down - Life Isn't Fair: Stock Fish's Ultimate Stock Investing Secrets Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Sharing: Win by Lying Down - Life Isn't Fair: Stock Fish's Ultimate Stock Investing Secrets Comments Add Comment 7 min read [Tutorial] CI/CD Architecture for a Hugo Blog on Cloud Run Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [Tutorial] CI/CD Architecture for a Hugo Blog on Cloud Run # architecture # cicd # cloud # tutorial Comments Add Comment 3 min read [MOOC] Georgia Tech Language Institute - Week 1: Better Business Writing in English Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [MOOC] Georgia Tech Language Institute - Week 1: Better Business Writing in English # career # learning # writing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Recommendation: The Most Important Thing Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Recommendation: The Most Important Thing # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 13 min read [MOOC] Georgia Tech Language Institute - Week 2: Better Business Writing in English Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [MOOC] Georgia Tech Language Institute - Week 2: Better Business Writing in English # career # learning # writing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Book Recommendation: Interesting Stories of Emperors - Serious History X Fun Gossip Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Recommendation: Interesting Stories of Emperors - Serious History X Fun Gossip # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 3 min read [TW_DevRel] Campus Resources for LINE Taiwan Developer Relations and Technical Promotion Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 [TW_DevRel] Campus Resources for LINE Taiwan Developer Relations and Technical Promotion # learning # community # resources # career Comments Add Comment 8 min read Book Recommendation: Everyday Legal Strategies Evan Lin Evan Lin Evan Lin Follow Jan 11 Book Recommendation: Everyday Legal Strategies # watercooler # learning # resources Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Forem — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/SuggestALaptop/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/SuggestALaptop Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/SuggestALaptop members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights ✨HP Omen Max16z-ak000 Gaming laptop: 16" FHD+ 165Hz IPS display, Ryzen AI 7 350 CPU, RTX 5070 Ti, 16GB DDR5, 512GB PCIe SSD with 26% OFF using code NEWYEAR26 , for $1184 @HP Happening now votes • comments 📌User Reviews of LG New AI Laptops (LG gram Pro 16 16Z90TS-G.AUG9U1 & LG Gram Pro 17Z90TP-G.ADB7U1)- See what these users have to say about these two laptops ahead of their official launch on the market 📌 Megathread votes • comment Ignore Private Messages Suggesting Laptops votes • comments [Morocco] Budget 10,000–12,000 MAD – Programming / AI / 3D / Gaming Laptop u/Efficient_Bag_989 • [Morocco] Budget 10,000–12,000 MAD – Programming / AI / 3D / Gaming Laptop Laptop Request -Others I’m a programmer looking for a laptop that can handle AI workloads, 3D modeling, and game development while also being good for gaming. I’ve been considering the Lenovo Legion 5 due to good reviews, but I’m open to better suggestions within my budget. I also work on small robotics projects (Arduino, ESP32). 10,000–12,000 MAD, Morocco 15.6″ or bigger preferred Are you open to refurbs/used? Yes, if in good condition and good value Performance is the top priority, followed by build quality. Form factor and battery life are less important. How important is weight and thinness to you? Not very important. Are you doing any CAD/video editing/photo editing/gaming? List which programs/games you desire to run. Yes. Programming, ML/DL/GENAI model training, Docker, data pipelines..., Blender (3D modeling), game development (Unity/Unreal), and gaming. If you're gaming, do you have certain games you want to play? At what settings and FPS do you want? Modern games at medium to high settings, preferably 60 FPS Good/med keyboard, reliable build quality, good/med cooling. No need for touch screen or fingerprint reader. Teen saved up for a laptop - help me help her :) :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Redheaded_Geek • Teen saved up for a laptop - help me help her :) Laptop Request Ca My soon-to-be 14 year old has been working hard and saving her money for a new laptop and is ready to make the purchase. She'll be using it for school, and minor gaming. She eventually wants to get into programming/engineering. Hoping for something that will get her through high-school. Any help is appreciated. Survey below. LAPTOP QUESTIONNAIRE Total budget (in local currency) and country of purchase. Please do not use USD unless purchasing in the US: $600 before tax preferred. Willing to go to $650 Are you open to refurbs/used? Prefer new How would you prioritize form factor (ultrabook, 2-in-1, etc.), build quality, performance, and battery life? performance is highest How important is weight and thinness to you? Not important Do you have a preferred screen size? If indifferent, put N/A. 15in or more Are you doing any CAD/video editing/photo editing/gaming? List which programs/games you desire to run. Word, PowerPoint, Some Programming (python) Gaming: Minecraft Sims Roblox If you're gaming, do you have certain games you want to play? At what settings and FPS do you want? Minecraft Sims Roblox Any specific requirements such as good keyboard, reliable build quality, touch-screen, finger-print reader, optical drive or good input devices (keyboard/touchpad)? **No major preferences ** Leave any finishing thoughts here that you may feel are necessary and beneficial to the discussion. one that would be good for someone interested in programming/engineering Portugal | 700 EUR or less | basic usage + videoconferencing u/Vegetable-Quiet-6160 • Portugal | 700 EUR or less | basic usage + videoconferencing Laptop Request UK Total budget (in local currency) and country of purchase. Please do not use USD unless purchasing in the US: 700 EUR, Portugal. Are you open to refurbs/used? Yes, but strongly prefer to avoid. How would you prioritize form factor (ultrabook, 2-in-1, etc.), build quality, performance, and battery life? Form factor is important. I'd like an ultrabook if it doesn't hike the price much, absolute no to 2-in-1. After that, battery life and performance. Build quality less relevant. How important is weight and thinness to you? I prefer a small computer if it doesn't hike the price much. Do you have a preferred screen size? If indifferent, put N/A. I prefer 14 inches, as I've used one of these and it was just perfect. Slighly larger should be OK. Are you doing any CAD/video editing/photo editing/gaming? List which programs/games you desire to run. No. If you're gaming, do you have certain games you want to play? At what settings and FPS do you want? NA Any specific requirements such as good keyboard, reliable build quality, touch-screen, finger-print reader, optical drive or good input devices (keyboard/touchpad)? No. Leave any finishing thoughts here that you may feel are necessary and beneficial to the discussion. The ideal laptop I've had was HP ENVY 14'' i5 8/256 GB SSD. Small, thin, medium price and perfect performance. 700 is an estimate of my price. I both value prices under that and will pay over that if I'm convinced of the value I'm getting. I prefer PC to Mac, but I'm willing to change if I'm convenced of the value. I don't know if these uses are important to consider, so I write them here: statistical analysis (SPSS, R), videoconferencing, and watching movies (but OK with medium screen for movies). Thank you so much for any help you give!! :D Created Sep 27, 2010 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 56K 960 Community Bookmarks Laptop Request AMA Information Board Announcements 🟢Pick Category of Interest 🟢 Laptop Request US Laptop Request Ca My Laptop Setup (AMA) Laptop Deal Announcement Laptop Request UK Laptop Request -Others Review Tech Support 🔧⚙️ 📑 Laptop Suggestion Form 📑 FILL OUT THIS FORM FILL OUT THIS FORM 📡 Join Our Discord Server 📡 CLICK HERE CLICK HERE r/SuggestALaptop Rules 1 Reddiquette Follow standard reddiquette . 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See this post . 6 All deals should follow this format "Laptop Name + Main Specs +%/$ off + Deal price + @ store name" Here is an example: Acer Nitro Gaming Laptop : 15.6" (1920 x 1080) FHD144Hz Display, Intel Core i7-13620H, NVIDIA RTX 4060 (140W) GPU, 16GB DDR5 RAM, 512GB SSD with $350 off, for $749.99 @eBay 7 No Low-effort Comments Posts or comments containing only an image macro or meme are not permitted; similarly, low-effort comments may be removed. 8 No Selling Laptops This is not a place to sell your old laptop, and attempts to do so are explicitly forbidden. 9 No URL Shorteners Do not use URL shorteners. * Concealing affiliate links behind shortened URLs is explicitly forbidden. * See this post to learn how to make long URLs prettier. Laptop Display Issues Low Quality TN Displays A lot of laptops today still use low quality TN displays. The quality is worse than IPS or good TN. This is the case for many 1080p displays that aren't listed as IPS or 120Hz+, and nearly all displays 768p/900p. Comparison pictures: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Notable models: Many Thinkpads, Latitudes, Probooks with base screen options There may be other concerns too such as colorspace and response times. Many IPS displays are passable but still not great. A more in-depth article is in the works, and will be linked here. False High-Res Displays Some laptops that list high resolutions (1440p through 4K) use "PenTile" RG/BW or WR/GB matrix panels instead of RGB/RGB. These trick consumers because the listed resolution numbers are the same, but the detail is less, and they produce artifacts. Companies tend to use these only in the place of higher resolutions where an unsuspecting customer may not immediately realize something is wrong. Notable models with false high-res displays: EUROCOM Tornado F5/F5W/X4C Clevo w/ Samsung/LG '4K' 15.6" Note: Sharp and OLED Samsung panels are true 4K. 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https://dev.to/lijiulei | lijiulei - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions lijiulei 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Dec 14, 2025 More info about @lijiulei Badges 1 Week Community Wellness Streak For actively engaging with the community by posting at least 2 comments in a single week. Got it Close Post 0 posts published Comment 5 comments written Tag 4 tags followed Want to connect with lijiulei? Create an account to connect with lijiulei. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci/comments/1qbgd03/a_fully_auditable_typed_kleeneeffective_learning/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> Go to compsci r/compsci • Doctor-Ugs A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock milanrosko.com Open This is a research-oriented technical artifact (with an interactive demo) that compares a refutation-guided integer update rule (“Typed Repair”) with stochastic GD under a semantics-locked finite protocol: a fixed table, fixed feature schema, and stable readout. The emphasis is not optimization but explicit execution, decidable invariants, and fully replayable traces with concrete witnesses when checks fail; every update step and state transition is inspectable end-to-end. The work arose primarily from constructive logic and computability concerns (effectivity, witnessability, decidability on finite artifacts), with the ML comparison included as a controlled baseline under the same locked interface. GitHub: https://github.com/Milan-Rosko/typedrepair . Read more Share New to Reddit? Create your account and connect with a world of communities. Continue with Email Continue With Phone Number By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy . Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 0 0 Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. All rights reserved. Expand Navigation Collapse Navigation | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/aws-builders/how-i-troubleshoot-an-ec2-instance-in-the-real-world-using-instance-diagnostics-3dk8 | 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 12 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) # aws # ec2 # linux # cloud When an EC2 instance starts misbehaving, my first reaction is not to SSH into it or reboot it. Instead, I open the EC2 console and go straight to Instance Diagnostics . Over time, I’ve realized that most EC2 issues can be understood — and often solved — just by carefully reading what AWS already shows on this page. In this blog, I’ll explain how I use each section of Instance Diagnostics to troubleshoot EC2 issues in a practical, real-world way. The First Question I Answer Before touching anything, I ask myself one simple question: Is this an AWS infrastructure issue, or is it something inside my instance? Instance Diagnostics helps answer this in seconds. Status Overview: Always the Starting Point I always begin with the Status Overview at the top. Instance State This confirms whether the instance is running, stopped, or terminated. If it is not running, there is usually nothing to troubleshoot. System Status Check This reflects the health of the underlying AWS infrastructure such as the physical host and networking. If this check fails, the issue is on the AWS side. In most cases, stopping and starting the instance resolves it by moving the instance to a healthy host. Instance Status Check This check represents the health of the operating system and internal networking. If this fails, the problem is inside the instance — typically related to OS boot issues, kernel problems, firewall rules, or resource exhaustion. EBS Status Check This confirms the health of the attached EBS volumes. If this fails, disk or storage-level issues are likely, and data protection becomes the immediate priority. CloudTrail Events: Tracking Configuration Changes If an issue appears suddenly, the CloudTrail Events tab is where I go next. I use it to confirm: Whether the instance was stopped, started, or rebooted If security groups or network settings were modified Whether IAM roles or instance profiles were changed If volumes were attached or detached This helps quickly identify human or automation-driven changes. SSM Command History: Understanding What Ran on the Instance The SSM Command History tab shows all Systems Manager Run Commands executed on the instance. This is especially useful for identifying: Patch jobs Maintenance scripts Automated remediations Configuration changes If there are no recent commands, that information itself is useful because it confirms that no SSM-driven actions caused the issue. Reachability Analyzer: When the Issue Is Network-Related If the instance is running but not reachable, I open the Reachability Analyzer directly from Instance Diagnostics. This is my go-to tool for diagnosing: Security group issues Network ACL misconfigurations Route table problems Internet gateway or NAT gateway connectivity VPC-to-VPC or on-prem connectivity issues Instead of guessing, Reachability Analyzer visually shows exactly where the network path is blocked. Instance Events: Checking AWS-Initiated Actions The Instance Events tab tells me if AWS has scheduled or performed any actions on the instance. This includes: Scheduled maintenance Host retirement Instance reboot notifications If an issue aligns with one of these events, the root cause becomes immediately clear. Instance Screenshot: When the OS Is Stuck If I cannot connect to the instance at all, I check the Instance Screenshot . This is especially helpful for: Identifying boot failures Detecting kernel panic messages Seeing whether the OS is stuck during startup Even a single screenshot can explain hours of troubleshooting. System Log: Understanding Boot and Kernel Issues The System Log provides low-level OS and kernel messages. I rely on it when: The instance fails to boot properly Services fail during startup Kernel or file system errors are suspected This is one of the best tools for diagnosing OS-level failures without logging in. [[0;32m OK [0m] Reached target [0;1;39mTimer Units[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUser Login Management[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUnattended Upgrades Shutdown[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mHostname Service[0m. Starting [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mThe PHP 8.2 FastCGI Process Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Finished [0;1;39mEC2 Instance Connect Host Key Harvesting[0m. Starting [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mDispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd[0m. [[0;1;31mFAILED[0m] Failed to start [0;1;39mPostfix Ma… Transport Agent (instance -)[0m. See 'systemctl status postfix@-.service' for details. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mLSB: AWS CodeDeploy Host Agent[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mVarnish HTTP accelerator log daemon[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mSnap Daemon[0m. Starting [0;1;39mTime & Date Service[0m... [ 13.865473] cloud-init[1136]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:config' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:29 +0000. Up 13.71 seconds. Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS ip-***** ttyS0 ip-****** login: [ 15.070290] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:final' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Up 14.98 seconds. 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.2299.0 is running 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [ 15.189197] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 finished at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Datasource DataSourceEc2Local. Up 15.16 seconds 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.3050.0 is running 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [1091674.876805] Out of memory: Killed process 465 (java) total-vm:11360104kB, anon-rss:1200164kB, file-rss:3072kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:1004 pgtables:2760kB oom_score_adj:0 [1091770.835233] Out of memory: Killed process 349683 (php) total-vm:563380kB, anon-rss:430132kB, file-rss:4096kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:0 pgtables:1068kB oom_score_adj:0 [1092018.639252] Out of memory: Killed process 347300 (php-fpm8.2) total-vm:531624kB, anon-rss:193648kB, file-rss:3456kB, shmem-rss:106240kB, UID:33 pgtables:888kB oom_score_adj:0 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Session Manager: Secure Access Without SSH If Systems Manager is enabled, I prefer using Session Manager to access the instance. This allows me to: Inspect CPU, memory, and disk usage Restart services safely Avoid opening SSH ports or managing key pairs From both a security and operational standpoint, this is my preferred access method. What Experience Has Taught Me Troubleshooting EC2 instances is not about reacting quickly — it is about observing carefully. Instance Diagnostics already provides: Health signals Change history Network analysis OS-level visibility When used correctly, these tools eliminate guesswork and reduce downtime. Final Thoughts My approach to EC2 troubleshooting is simple: Start with Instance Diagnostics. Understand the signals. Act only after the root cause is clear. In most cases, the answer is already visible — we just need to slow down and read it. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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Forem © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/aws-builders/how-i-troubleshoot-an-ec2-instance-in-the-real-world-using-instance-diagnostics-3dk8#comments | 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi for AWS Community Builders Posted on Jan 12 🩺 How I Troubleshoot an EC2 Instance in the Real World (Using Instance Diagnostics) # aws # ec2 # linux # cloud When an EC2 instance starts misbehaving, my first reaction is not to SSH into it or reboot it. Instead, I open the EC2 console and go straight to Instance Diagnostics . Over time, I’ve realized that most EC2 issues can be understood — and often solved — just by carefully reading what AWS already shows on this page. In this blog, I’ll explain how I use each section of Instance Diagnostics to troubleshoot EC2 issues in a practical, real-world way. The First Question I Answer Before touching anything, I ask myself one simple question: Is this an AWS infrastructure issue, or is it something inside my instance? Instance Diagnostics helps answer this in seconds. Status Overview: Always the Starting Point I always begin with the Status Overview at the top. Instance State This confirms whether the instance is running, stopped, or terminated. If it is not running, there is usually nothing to troubleshoot. System Status Check This reflects the health of the underlying AWS infrastructure such as the physical host and networking. If this check fails, the issue is on the AWS side. In most cases, stopping and starting the instance resolves it by moving the instance to a healthy host. Instance Status Check This check represents the health of the operating system and internal networking. If this fails, the problem is inside the instance — typically related to OS boot issues, kernel problems, firewall rules, or resource exhaustion. EBS Status Check This confirms the health of the attached EBS volumes. If this fails, disk or storage-level issues are likely, and data protection becomes the immediate priority. CloudTrail Events: Tracking Configuration Changes If an issue appears suddenly, the CloudTrail Events tab is where I go next. I use it to confirm: Whether the instance was stopped, started, or rebooted If security groups or network settings were modified Whether IAM roles or instance profiles were changed If volumes were attached or detached This helps quickly identify human or automation-driven changes. SSM Command History: Understanding What Ran on the Instance The SSM Command History tab shows all Systems Manager Run Commands executed on the instance. This is especially useful for identifying: Patch jobs Maintenance scripts Automated remediations Configuration changes If there are no recent commands, that information itself is useful because it confirms that no SSM-driven actions caused the issue. Reachability Analyzer: When the Issue Is Network-Related If the instance is running but not reachable, I open the Reachability Analyzer directly from Instance Diagnostics. This is my go-to tool for diagnosing: Security group issues Network ACL misconfigurations Route table problems Internet gateway or NAT gateway connectivity VPC-to-VPC or on-prem connectivity issues Instead of guessing, Reachability Analyzer visually shows exactly where the network path is blocked. Instance Events: Checking AWS-Initiated Actions The Instance Events tab tells me if AWS has scheduled or performed any actions on the instance. This includes: Scheduled maintenance Host retirement Instance reboot notifications If an issue aligns with one of these events, the root cause becomes immediately clear. Instance Screenshot: When the OS Is Stuck If I cannot connect to the instance at all, I check the Instance Screenshot . This is especially helpful for: Identifying boot failures Detecting kernel panic messages Seeing whether the OS is stuck during startup Even a single screenshot can explain hours of troubleshooting. System Log: Understanding Boot and Kernel Issues The System Log provides low-level OS and kernel messages. I rely on it when: The instance fails to boot properly Services fail during startup Kernel or file system errors are suspected This is one of the best tools for diagnosing OS-level failures without logging in. [[0;32m OK [0m] Reached target [0;1;39mTimer Units[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUser Login Management[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mUnattended Upgrades Shutdown[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mHostname Service[0m. Starting [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mAuthorization Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mThe PHP 8.2 FastCGI Process Manager[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Finished [0;1;39mEC2 Instance Connect Host Key Harvesting[0m. Starting [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m... [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mOpenBSD Secure Shell server[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mDispatcher daemon for systemd-networkd[0m. [[0;1;31mFAILED[0m] Failed to start [0;1;39mPostfix Ma… Transport Agent (instance -)[0m. See 'systemctl status postfix@-.service' for details. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mLSB: AWS CodeDeploy Host Agent[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mVarnish HTTP accelerator log daemon[0m. [[0;32m OK [0m] Started [0;1;39mSnap Daemon[0m. Starting [0;1;39mTime & Date Service[0m... [ 13.865473] cloud-init[1136]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:config' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:29 +0000. Up 13.71 seconds. Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS ip-***** ttyS0 ip-****** login: [ 15.070290] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 running 'modules:final' at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Up 14.98 seconds. 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.2299.0 is running 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/05 01:25:30Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [ 15.189197] cloud-init[1152]: Cloud-init v. 25.1.4-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 finished at Fri, 05 Dec 2025 01:25:30 +0000. Datasource DataSourceEc2Local. Up 15.16 seconds 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: Amazon SSM Agent v3.3.3050.0 is running 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsProductName: Ubuntu 2025/12/15 21:35:50Z: OsVersion: 22.04 [1091674.876805] Out of memory: Killed process 465 (java) total-vm:11360104kB, anon-rss:1200164kB, file-rss:3072kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:1004 pgtables:2760kB oom_score_adj:0 [1091770.835233] Out of memory: Killed process 349683 (php) total-vm:563380kB, anon-rss:430132kB, file-rss:4096kB, shmem-rss:0kB, UID:0 pgtables:1068kB oom_score_adj:0 [1092018.639252] Out of memory: Killed process 347300 (php-fpm8.2) total-vm:531624kB, anon-rss:193648kB, file-rss:3456kB, shmem-rss:106240kB, UID:33 pgtables:888kB oom_score_adj:0 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Session Manager: Secure Access Without SSH If Systems Manager is enabled, I prefer using Session Manager to access the instance. This allows me to: Inspect CPU, memory, and disk usage Restart services safely Avoid opening SSH ports or managing key pairs From both a security and operational standpoint, this is my preferred access method. What Experience Has Taught Me Troubleshooting EC2 instances is not about reacting quickly — it is about observing carefully. Instance Diagnostics already provides: Health signals Change history Network analysis OS-level visibility When used correctly, these tools eliminate guesswork and reduce downtime. Final Thoughts My approach to EC2 troubleshooting is simple: Start with Instance Diagnostics. Understand the signals. Act only after the root cause is clear. In most cases, the answer is already visible — we just need to slow down and read it. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ed Wantuil Posted on Jan 12 Cloud Sem Falência: O mínimo que você precisa saber de FinOps # devops # cloud # braziliandevs Imagine a cena: você trabalha em uma empresa consolidada. Vocês têm aquele rack de servidores físicos robusto, piscando luzinhas em uma sala gelada, com piso elevado e controle biométrico (o famoso On-Premise ). Tudo funciona. O banco de dados aguenta o tranco, a latência é zero na rede local. Mas a diretoria decide que é hora de "modernizar". "Vamos migrar para a Nuvem!" , dizem eles, com os olhos brilhando. A promessa no PowerPoint é sedutora: flexibilidade infinita , segurança gerenciada e o mantra mágico: "pagar só pelo que usar" . A migração acontece via Lift-and-Shift (pegar o que existe e jogar na nuvem sem refatorar). A equipe de Infra e Dev comemoram. O Deploy é um sucesso. Três meses depois, chega a fatura da AWS. O diretor financeiro (CFO) não apenas cai da cadeira; ele convoca uma reunião de emergência. O custo, que antes era uma linha fixa e previsível no balanço anual, triplicou e agora flutua violentamente. O que deu errado? Simples: A engenharia tratou a Nuvem como um Data Center físico, apenas alugado. Hoje, vamos falar sobre os riscos dessa mudança e como aplicar FinOps não como burocracia, mas como requisito de arquitetura. (Nota: Usaremos a AWS nos exemplos por ser a stack padrão de mercado, mas a lógica se aplica integralmente ao Azure, GCP e OCI). 🦄 A Ilusão da Mágica: CAPEX vs. OPEX na Engenharia Para entender a conta da AWS, você precisa entender como o dinheiro sai do cofre da empresa. A mudança da nuvem não é apenas sobre onde o servidor roda, é sobre quem assume o risco do desperdício. 1. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): A Lógica do "PC Gamer" CAPEX é Despesa de Capital. É comprar a "caixa". Imagine que você vai montar um PC Gamer High-End. Você gasta R$ 20.000,00 na loja. Doeu no bolso na hora, certo? Mas depois que o PC está na sua mesa: Custo Marginal Zero: Se você jogar Paciência ou renderizar um vídeo em 8K a noite toda, não faz diferença financeira para o seu bolso (tirando a conta de luz, que é irrisória perto do hardware). O dinheiro já foi gasto ( Sunk Cost ). O Comportamento do Engenheiro (On-Premise): Como o processo de compra é lento (meses de cotação e aprovação), você tem medo de faltar recurso. Mentalidade: "Vou pedir um servidor com 64 Cores, mesmo precisando de 16. Se sobrar, melhor. O hardware é nosso mesmo." Código: Eficiência não é prioridade financeira. Um código mal otimizado que consome 90% da CPU não gera uma fatura extra no fim do mês. 2. OPEX (Operational Expenditure): A Lógica do Uber OPEX é Despesa Operacional. É o custo de funcionamento do dia a dia. Na nuvem, você não comprou o carro; você está rodando de Uber 24 horas por dia. Custo Marginal Real: Cada minuto parado no sinal custa dinheiro. Cada desvio de rota custa dinheiro. O Comportamento do Engenheiro (Cloud): Aqui, a ineficiência é taxada instantaneamente. Mentalidade: Aquele servidor de 64 cores e 512GB de ram parado esperando tráfego é como deixar o Uber te esperando na porta do escritório enquanto você trabalha. O taxímetro está rodando. Código: Um loop infinito ou uma query sem índice no banco de dados não deixa apenas o sistema lento; ele queima dinheiro vivo . Comparativo para Desenvolvedores (Salve isso) Feature CAPEX (On-Premise / Hardware Próprio) OPEX (Cloud / AWS / Azure) Commit Financeiro Você paga tudo antes de usar (Upfront). Você paga depois de usar (Pay-as-you-go). Latência de Aprovação Alta. Precisa de reuniões, assinaturas e compras. Zero. Um terraform apply gasta dinheiro instantaneamente. Risco de Capacidade Subutilização. Comprar um servidor monstro e usar 10%. Conta Surpresa. Esquecer algo ligado ou escalar infinitamente. Otimização de Código Melhora performance, mas não reduz a fatura do hardware. Reduz diretamente a fatura. Código limpo = Dinheiro no caixa. Por que isso afeta a sua Arquitetura? Se você desenha uma arquitetura pensando em CAPEX (Mundo Físico) e a implementa em OPEX (Nuvem), você cria um desastre financeiro. No CAPEX , a estratégia de defesa é: "Superdimensionar para garantir estabilidade". (Compre o maior servidor possível). No OPEX , a estratégia de defesa é: "Elasticidade". (Comece com o menor servidor possível e configure para crescer sozinho apenas se necessário). 💸 Os 8 Cavaleiros do Apocalipse Financeiro na AWS Na nuvem, os maiores vilões raramente são tecnologias complexas de IA ou Big Data. Quase sempre são decisões arquiteturais preguiçosas e falta de governança . 1. Instâncias "Just in Case": O Custo do Seguro Psicológico O sobredimensionamento é um vício comum: o desenvolvedor sobe uma instância m5.2xlarge (8 vCPUs, 32GB RAM) não porque a aplicação exige, mas porque ele "não quer ter dor de cabeça". É o provisionamento baseado no medo, criando uma margem de segurança gigantesca e cara para evitar qualquer risco hipotético de lentidão. A realidade nua e crua aparece no CloudWatch: na maior parte do tempo, essa supermáquina opera com apenas 12% de CPU e usa uma fração da memória. Pagar por uma 2xlarge para rodar essa carga é como fretar um ônibus de 50 lugares para levar apenas 4 pessoas ao trabalho todos os dias. Você está pagando pelo "espaço vazio" e pelo motor potente do ônibus, enquanto um carro popular ( t3.medium ) faria o mesmo trajeto com o mesmo conforto e muito mais economia. 2. Ambientes Zumbis: A Torneira Aberta Fora do Expediente "Ambientes Zumbis" são servidores de Desenvolvimento e Homologação que operam como cópias fiéis da Produção, mas sem a audiência dela. Eles permanecem ligados e faturando às 3 da manhã de um domingo, consumindo recursos de nuvem para processar absolutamente nada. Manter esses servidores ligados 24/7 é o equivalente digital de deixar o ar-condicionado de um escritório ligado no máximo durante todo o fim de semana , com o prédio completamente vazio. O impacto financeiro atua como um multiplicador de desperdício. Se você mantém três ambientes (Dev, Staging e Produção) com arquiteturas similares ligados ininterruptamente, seu custo base é 300% do necessário . A matemática é cruel: uma semana tem 168 horas, mas seus desenvolvedores trabalham apenas 40. Você está pagando por 128 horas de ociosidade pura por máquina, todas as semanas. A primeira cura para esse desperdício é o agendamento automático. Utilizando soluções como o AWS Instance Scheduler (ou Lambdas simples), configuramos os ambientes para "acordar" às 08:00 e "dormir" às 20:00, de segunda a sexta-feira. Apenas essa automação básica, sem alterar uma linha de código da aplicação, reduz a fatura desses ambientes não-produtivos em cerca de 70% . 3. O Esquecimento Crônico: O Custo do Limbo Um dos "pegadinhas" mais comuns da nuvem acontece no momento de desligar as luzes: quando você termina uma instância EC2, o senso comum diz que a cobrança para. O erro está em assumir que a máquina e o disco são uma peça única. Por padrão, ao "matar" o servidor, o volume de armazenamento (EBS) acoplado a ele muitas vezes sobrevive, entrando num estado de limbo financeiro. O resultado é o acúmulo de EBS Órfãos : centenas de discos no estado "Available" (não atrelados a ninguém), cheios de dados inúteis ou completamente vazios, pelos quais você paga o preço cheio do gigabyte provisionado. É comparável a vender seu carro, mas esquecer de cancelar o aluguel da vaga de garagem: o veículo não existe mais, mas a cobrança pelo espaço que ele ocupava continua chegando todo mês na fatura. A situação piora com os Elastic IPs (EIPs) , que possuem uma lógica de cobrança invertida e punitiva. Devido à escassez mundial de endereços IPv4, a AWS não cobra pelo IP enquanto você o utiliza, mas começa a cobrar assim que ele fica ocioso . É como uma "multa por não uso": se você reserva um endereço IP e não o atrela a uma instância em execução, você paga por estar "segurando" um recurso escasso sem necessidade. 4. O Cemitério de Dados no S3 Buckets S3 tendem a virar "cemitérios digitais" onde logs, backups e assets se acumulam indefinidamente. O erro crucial não é guardar os dados, mas a falta de estratégia: manter 100% desse volume na classe S3 Standard , pagando a tarifa mais alta da AWS por arquivos que ninguém acessa há meses. Para entender o prejuízo, imagine o S3 Standard como uma loja no corredor principal de um shopping: o aluguel é caríssimo porque o acesso é imediato e fácil ( baixa latência ). Manter logs de 2022 nessa classe é como alugar essa vitrine premium apenas para estocar caixas de papelão velhas. Dados "frios", que raramente são consultados, não precisam estar à mão em milissegundos; eles podem ficar num armazém mais distante e barato. A solução é o S3 Lifecycle , que automatiza a logística desse "estoque". Primeiro, ele atua na Transição : move automaticamente os dados que envelhecem da "vitrine" (Standard) para o "armazém" ( S3 Glacier ). No Glacier, você paga uma fração do preço, aceitando que o resgate do arquivo leve alguns minutos ou horas (maior latência), o que é aceitável para arquivos de auditoria ou backups antigos. Por fim, o Lifecycle resolve o acúmulo de lixo através da Expiração . Além de mover dados, você configura regras para deletar objetos definitivamente após um período, como remover logs temporários após 7 dias. Isso garante a higiene do ambiente, impedindo que você pague aluguel (seja no shopping ou no armazém) por dados inúteis que não deveriam mais existir. 5. Snapshots: O Colecionador de Backups Fantasmas Backups são a apólice de seguro da sua infraestrutura, mas a facilidade de criar snapshots na AWS gera um comportamento perigoso de acumulação. O erro clássico é configurar uma automação de snapshot diário e definir a retenção para "nunca" ou prazos absurdos como 5 anos. Embora os snapshots sejam incrementais (salvando apenas o que mudou), em bancos de dados transacionais com muita escrita, o volume de dados alterados cresce rápido, e a fatura acompanha. Para visualizar o desperdício, imagine que você compra o jornal do dia para ler as notícias. É útil ter os jornais da última semana na mesa para referência rápida. Mas guardar uma pilha de jornais diários de três anos atrás na sua sala ocupa espaço valioso e custa dinheiro, sendo que a chance de você precisar saber a "cotação do dólar numa terça-feira específica de 2021" é praticamente nula. Você está pagando armazenamento premium por "jornais velhos" que não têm valor de negócio. 6. Licenciamento Comercial (O Custo Invisível) Muitas empresas focam tanto em otimizar CPU e RAM que esquecem o elefante na sala: o custo de software. Ao rodar instâncias com Windows Server ou SQL Server Enterprise na AWS no modelo "License Included", você não paga apenas pela infraestrutura; você paga uma sobretaxa pesada pelo direito de uso do software proprietário. Esse custo é embutido na tarifa por hora e, em máquinas grandes, a licença pode custar mais caro que o próprio hardware. Para ilustrar a desproporção, usar o SQL Server Enterprise para uma aplicação que não utiliza funcionalidades avançadas (como Always On complexo ou compressão de dados específica) é como fretar um jato executivo apenas para ir comprar pão na padaria . O objetivo (armazenar e recuperar dados) é cumprido, mas você está pagando por um veículo de luxo quando uma bicicleta ou um Uber resolveria o problema com a mesma eficiência e uma fração do custo. A primeira camada de solução é a Otimização de Edição . É comum desenvolvedores solicitarem a versão Enterprise por "garantia" ou hábito, sem necessidade técnica real. Uma auditoria simples muitas vezes revela que a versão Standard atende a todos os requisitos da aplicação. Fazer esse downgrade reduz a fatura de licenciamento imediatamente, sem exigir mudanças drásticas na arquitetura ou no código. 7. Dilema Geográfico: Reduzindo a Fatura pela Metade Hospedar aplicações na região sa-east-1 (São Paulo) carrega um ágio pesado: o "Custo Brasil" digital faz com que a infraestrutura local custe, cerca de 50% a mais do que na us-east-1 (N. Virgínia). Migrar workloads para os EUA é, frequentemente, a manobra de FinOps com maior retorno imediato (ROI): você corta a fatura desses recursos praticamente pela metade apenas alterando o CEP do servidor, acessando o mesmo hardware por uma fração do preço. O principal bloqueador costuma ser o medo da LGPD , mas a crença de que a lei exige residência física dos dados no Brasil é um mito . O Artigo 33 permite a transferência internacional para países com proteção adequada (como os EUA), desde que coberto por contratos padrão. A legislação foca na segurança e privacidade do dado, não na sua latitude e longitude geográfica. Quanto à técnica, a latência para a Virgínia (~120ms) é imperceptível para a maioria das aplicações web, sistemas internos e dashboards. A estratégia inteligente é adotar uma região como US East como padrão para maximizar a economia, reservando São Paulo apenas para exceções que realmente exigem resposta em tempo real (como High Frequency Trading), evitando pagar preço de "primeira classe" para cargas de trabalho que rodariam perfeitamente na econômica. 8. Serverless: A Faca de Dois Gumes "Serverless" é computação sem gestão de infraestrutura (como AWS Lambda ou DynamoDB). Diferente de alugar um servidor fixo mensal, aqui você paga apenas pelos milissegundos que seu código executa ou pelo dado que você lê. É como a conta de luz: você só paga se o interruptor estiver ligado. A Estratégia: Para uso esporádico, é imbatível. Mas e para uso constante? Também pode ser uma excelente escolha! Embora a fatura de infraestrutura possa vir mais alta do que em servidores tradicionais, você elimina o trabalho pesado de manutenção. Muitas vezes, é financeiramente mais inteligente pagar um pouco mais para a AWS do que custear horas de engenharia ou contratar uma equipe dedicada apenas para gerenciar servidores, aplicar patches de segurança e configurar escalas. O segredo é olhar para o Custo Total (TCO), e não apenas para a linha de processamento na fatura. 🕵️♂️ FinOps: Engenharia Financeira na Prática FinOps não é apenas sobre "pedir desconto" ou cortar gastos; é a mudança cultural que descentraliza a responsabilidade do custo, empoderando engenheiros a tomar decisões baseadas em dados, não em palpites. Para que essa cultura saia do papel, ela precisa se apoiar em um tripé de governança robusto: a visibilidade granular garantida pelo tageamento correto (saber quem gasta), a segurança operacional monitorada pelo AWS Budgets (saber quando gasta) e a eficiência financeira obtida através dos Modelos de Compra inteligentes (saber como pagar). Sem integrar essas três frentes, a nuvem deixa de ser um acelerador de inovação para se tornar um passivo financeiro descontrolado. 1. TAGs: Sem Etiquetas, Sem Dados 🏷️ No AWS Cost Explorer, uma infraestrutura sem tags opera como uma "caixa preta" financeira: você encara uma fatura de $50.000, mas é incapaz de discernir se o rombo veio de um modelo crítico de Data Science ou de um cluster Kubernetes esquecido por um estagiário. Utiliza tags como custo:centro , app:nome , env e dono no momento dos recursos transformara números genéricos em rastreáveis, permitindo que cada centavo gasto tenha um responsável atrelado, eliminando definitivamente a cultura de que "o custo da nuvem não é problema meu". 2. AWS Budgets e Detecção de Anomalias 🚨 Não espere o fim do mês. Configure o AWS Budgets para alertar quando o custo projetado (forecasted) ultrapassar o limite. Dica: Ative o Cost Anomaly Detection . Ele usa Machine Learning para identificar picos anormais. Exemplo: Um deploy errado fez a cahamada para um Lambda entrar em loop infinito. O Anomaly Detection te avisa em horas, não no fim do mês. 3. Modelos de Compra: O Fim do On-Demand 💸 Operar 100% em On-Demand é pagar voluntariamente um "imposto sobre a falta de planejamento". A maturidade em FinOps exige abandonar o preço de varejo e adotar um mix estratégico: cubra sua carga de trabalho base (aquela que roda 24/7) com Savings Plans , que oferecem descontos de até 72% em troca de fidelidade, e mova cargas tolerantes a interrupções, como processamento de dados e pipelines de CI/CD, para Spot Instances , aproveitando a capacidade ociosa da AWS por até 10% do valor original . Ignorar essa estratégia e manter tudo no On-Demand é uma decisão consciente de desperdiçar orçamento que poderia ser reinvestido em inovação. 🧠 Dev Assina o Código e o Cheque No mundo On-Premise, um código ruim apenas deixava o sistema lento. Na Nuvem, código ineficiente gera uma fatura imediata . A barreira entre Engenharia e Financeiro desapareceu: cada linha de código é uma decisão de compra executada em tempo real. O desenvolvedor não consome apenas CPU, ele consome o orçamento da empresa. Para entender o impacto, veja o preço das más práticas: O Custo da Leitura: Uma query sem " WHERE " ou um Full Table Scan no DynamoDB não é apenas um problema de performance; você está pagando unidades de leitura para ler milhares de linhas inúteis. É como comprar a biblioteca inteira para ler uma única página. O Custo da Ineficiência: Um código com vazamento de memória engana o Auto Scaling . O sistema provisiona 10 servidores para fazer o trabalho de 2, desperdiçando dinheiro para compensar código ruim. O Custo do Ruído: Logs em modo VERBOSE esquecidos em produção são vilões. O CloudWatch cobra caro pela ingestão. Enviar gigabytes de "log de lixo" é literalmente pagar frete aéreo para transportar entulho. A Cultura de Engenharia Consciente de Custos: Estimativa no Refinamento: O custo deve ser debatido antes do código existir. Durante o Refinamento, ao definir a arquitetura, faça a pergunta: "Quais recursos vamos usar e quanto isso vai custar com a volumetria esperada?" . Se a solução técnica custa $1.000 para economizar $50 de esforço manual, ela deve ser vetada ali mesmo. Feedback Loop: O desenvolvedor precisa ver quanto o serviço dele custa. Painéis do Grafana ou Datadog devem mostrar não só a latência da API, mas o custo diário dela. Só existe responsabilidade quando existe consciência do preço. Cerimônia de Custo (FinOps Review): Estabeleça uma reunião recorrente dedicada a olhar o "Extrato da Conta" . O time analisa os custos atuais, investiga picos não planejados da semana anterior e discute ativamente: "Existe alguma oportunidade de desligar recursos ou otimizar este serviço agora?" . É a higiene financeira mantendo o projeto saudável. 🌐 O Mundo Híbrido e Multicloud: Complexidade é Custo Nem tudo precisa ir para a AWS, e nem tudo deve sair do seu Data Center local. A maturidade em nuvem não significa "desligar tudo o que é físico", mas sim saber onde cada peça do jogo custa menos. Empresas podem operam em modelos híbridos estratégicos: O Lugar do Legado (On-Premise): Aquele banco de dados gigante ou mainframe que já está quitado, não cresce mais e roda de forma previsível? Deixe onde está. Migrar esses monstros para a nuvem apenas copiando e colando ("Lift-and-Shift") costuma ser um desastre financeiro. Na nuvem, você paga caro por performance de disco (IOPS) e memória que, no seu servidor físico, já são "gratuitos". O Lugar da Inovação (Nuvem): Seu site, aplicativos móveis e APIs que precisam aguentar milhões de acessos num dia e zero no outro? Leve para a nuvem. Lá você paga pela elasticidade e pelo alcance global que o servidor físico não consegue entregar. Cuidado com a Armadilha Multicloud Muitos gestores caem na tentação de usar AWS, Azure e Google Cloud ao mesmo tempo sob o pretexto de "evitar ficar preso a um fornecedor" (Vendor Lock-in). Na prática, para a maioria das empresas, isso triplica o custo operacional . Você precisará de equipes especialistas em três plataformas diferentes, perderá descontos por volume (diluindo seu gasto) e pagará taxas altíssimas de transferência de dados (Egress) para fazer as nuvens conversarem entre si. Complexidade técnica é, invariavelmente, custo financeiro. Como gerenciar essa infraestrutura sem perder o controle? O uso de ferramentas como Terraform ou OpenTofu . Com elas, criar um servidor não é mais clicar em botões numa tela, mas sim escrever um arquivo de texto (código). Isso habilita a Revisão de Código Financeira : Um desenvolvedor propõe uma mudança no código da infraestrutura. Antes de aprovar, o time revisa num "Pull Request". A pergunta muda de "O código está certo?" para "Por que você alterou a máquina de micro para extra-large ?" . O Code Review de infraestrutura torna-se a primeira e mais barata linha de defesa do FinOps, barrando gastos desnecessários antes mesmo que eles sejam criados. Conclusão: A Nuvem não é um Destino, é um Modelo Econômico Migrar para a nuvem não é apenas trocar de servidor; é adotar um novo paradigma operacional e financeiro. Tratar a AWS como um "datacenter glorificado" é o caminho mais rápido para transformar a inovação em prejuízo: ao fazer isso, você acaba pagando a diária de um hotel cinco estrelas apenas para estocar caixas de papelão que poderiam estar num depósito simples. A virada de chave acontece na cultura. Comece pelo básico bem feito: aplique Tags rigorosamente, automatize a limpeza de recursos e traga o custo para o centro das decisões de arquitetura. Lembre-se que, neste novo mundo, a excelência técnica é inseparável da eficiência financeira: o melhor código não é apenas o que funciona, é o que entrega valor máximo consumindo o mínimo de orçamento. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ed Wantuil Follow Meu objetivo é compartilhar conhecimento, criar soluções e ajudar outras pessoas a evoluírem na carreira de tecnologia. Location Brasil Joined Dec 15, 2023 More from Ed Wantuil Java 25: tudo que mudou desde o Java 21 em um guia prático # java # braziliandevs # java25 # jvm 10 Passos Para Conduzir um Pós-Mortem Que Realmente Evita Novos Incidentes # devops # incidentes # crises # dev Top 5 Vacilos que Desenvolvedores Cometem em uma Crise (e como evitar) # devops # postmortem # deploydesexta 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/apisyouwonthatepodcast/api-data-privacy-with-sean-falconer-from-skyflow#main-content | API Data Privacy with Sean Falconer from Skyflow - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close APIs You Won't Hate Follow API Data Privacy with Sean Falconer from Skyflow Apr 30 '22 play Mike speaks with Sean Falconer , head of Developer Relations at Skyflow IEEE Conference on Security and Privacy Skyflow blog Sean's article on storing SSNs Robinhood data breach Sean's article on Software Engineering Daily, Why Everyone Needs a Data Privacy Vault Thank you so much to our sponsors: Lob: https://lob.com/careers Treblle : https://treblle.com/apisyoulove Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Your browser does not support the audio element. 1x initializing... × 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/mohammadidrees/thinking-in-first-principles-how-to-question-an-async-queue-based-design-5cf1 | Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Mohammad-Idrees Posted on Jan 13 Thinking in First Principles: How to Question an Async Queue–Based Design # architecture # interview # learning # systemdesign Async queues are one of the most commonly suggested “solutions” in system design interviews. But many candidates jump straight to using queues without understanding: What problems they actually solve What new problems they introduce How to systematically discover those problems This post teaches a first-principles questioning process you can apply to any async queue design—without assuming prior knowledge. Why This Matters In interviews, interviewers are not evaluating whether you know Kafka, SQS, or RabbitMQ. They are evaluating whether you can: Reason about time Reason about failure Reason about order Reason about user experience Async queues change all four. What “First Principles” Means Here First principles means: We do not start with solutions We do not assume correctness We ask basic, unavoidable questions that every system must answer Async queues feel correct because they remove blocking—but correctness is not guaranteed by intuition. The Reference Mental Model (Abstract) We will reason about this abstract pattern , not a specific product: User → API → Storage → Queue → Worker → Storage Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode No domain assumptions. This could be: Chat messages Emails Payments Notifications Image processing The questioning process stays the same. Step 1: The Root Question (Always Start Here) What is the system responsible for completing before it can respond? This is the most important question in system design. Why? Because it defines: Request boundaries Latency expectations Responsibility In an async queue design, the implicit answer is: “The request is complete once the work is enqueued.” This is different from synchronous designs, where the request completes after work finishes. So far, this seems good. Step 2: Introduce Time (What Happens Later?) Now ask: Which part of the work happens after the request is done? Answer: The worker processing This leads to an important realization: The system has split work across time Time separation is powerful—but it creates new questions. Step 3: Causality Question (Identity Across Time) Once work happens later, we must ask: How does the system know which output belongs to which input? This question always appears when time is decoupled. Typical answer: IDs in the job payload (request ID, entity ID) This introduces a new invariant: Each input must produce exactly one correct output Now we test whether the system can guarantee this. Step 4: Failure Question (The Queue Reality) Now ask the most important async-specific question: What happens if the worker crashes mid-processing? Realistic answers: The job is retried The work may run again The output may be produced twice This leads to a critical realization: Async queues are usually at-least-once , not exactly-once This is not a tooling issue. It is a fundamental property of distributed systems . Step 5: Duplication Question (Invariant Violation) Now ask: What happens if the same job is processed twice? Consequences: Duplicate outputs Duplicate side effects Conflicting state This violates the earlier invariant: “Exactly one output per input” At this point, we have discovered a correctness problem , not a performance problem. Step 6: Ordering Question (Time Without Synchrony) Now consider multiple inputs. Ask: What defines the order of processing? Important realization: Queue order ≠ business order Different workers process at different speeds Later inputs may finish first Now ask: Does correctness depend on order? If yes (and many systems do): Async queues alone are insufficient This problem emerges only when you question order explicitly. Step 7: Visibility Question (User Experience) Now switch perspectives. How does the user know the work is finished? Possible answers: Polling Guessing Timeouts Each answer reveals a problem: Polling wastes resources Guessing is unreliable Timeouts fail under load This violates a core system principle: Users should not wait blindly Case Study: A Simple Example (Problem-Agnostic) Imagine a system where users upload photos to be processed. Flow: User uploads photo API stores metadata Job is enqueued Worker processes photo Result is stored Now apply the questions: When does the upload request complete? → After enqueue What if the worker crashes? → Job retried What if it runs twice? → Two processed images What if two photos depend on order? → Order not guaranteed How does the user know processing is done? → Polling None of these issues are about images. They are about time, failure, identity, and visibility . What Async Queues Actually Trade Async queues solve one problem: They remove blocking from the request path But they introduce others: Solved Introduced Blocking Duplicate work Latency coupling Ordering ambiguity Resource exhaustion Completion uncertainty This is not bad. It just must be understood and handled . The One-Page Interview Checklist (Memorize This) For any async queue design , ask these five questions: What completes the request? What runs later? What happens if it runs twice? What defines order? How does the user observe completion? If you cannot answer all five clearly, the design is incomplete. Final Mental Model Async systems remove time coupling but destroy causality by default Your job as an engineer is not to “use queues” Your job is to restore correctness explicitly That is what interviewers are looking for. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. 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Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Mohammad-Idrees Follow Joined Mar 16, 2023 More from Mohammad-Idrees How to Identify System Design Problems from First Principles # architecture # interview # systemdesign # tutorial 🧱 The Blueprint of Success: Mastering the Technical Requirements Document (TRD) # architecture # career # systemdesign 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ed-wantuil/cloud-sem-falencia-o-minimo-que-voce-precisa-saber-de-finops-8ao#comments | Cloud Sem Falência: O mínimo que você precisa saber de FinOps - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Ed Wantuil Posted on Jan 12 Cloud Sem Falência: O mínimo que você precisa saber de FinOps # devops # cloud # braziliandevs Imagine a cena: você trabalha em uma empresa consolidada. Vocês têm aquele rack de servidores físicos robusto, piscando luzinhas em uma sala gelada, com piso elevado e controle biométrico (o famoso On-Premise ). Tudo funciona. O banco de dados aguenta o tranco, a latência é zero na rede local. Mas a diretoria decide que é hora de "modernizar". "Vamos migrar para a Nuvem!" , dizem eles, com os olhos brilhando. A promessa no PowerPoint é sedutora: flexibilidade infinita , segurança gerenciada e o mantra mágico: "pagar só pelo que usar" . A migração acontece via Lift-and-Shift (pegar o que existe e jogar na nuvem sem refatorar). A equipe de Infra e Dev comemoram. O Deploy é um sucesso. Três meses depois, chega a fatura da AWS. O diretor financeiro (CFO) não apenas cai da cadeira; ele convoca uma reunião de emergência. O custo, que antes era uma linha fixa e previsível no balanço anual, triplicou e agora flutua violentamente. O que deu errado? Simples: A engenharia tratou a Nuvem como um Data Center físico, apenas alugado. Hoje, vamos falar sobre os riscos dessa mudança e como aplicar FinOps não como burocracia, mas como requisito de arquitetura. (Nota: Usaremos a AWS nos exemplos por ser a stack padrão de mercado, mas a lógica se aplica integralmente ao Azure, GCP e OCI). 🦄 A Ilusão da Mágica: CAPEX vs. OPEX na Engenharia Para entender a conta da AWS, você precisa entender como o dinheiro sai do cofre da empresa. A mudança da nuvem não é apenas sobre onde o servidor roda, é sobre quem assume o risco do desperdício. 1. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): A Lógica do "PC Gamer" CAPEX é Despesa de Capital. É comprar a "caixa". Imagine que você vai montar um PC Gamer High-End. Você gasta R$ 20.000,00 na loja. Doeu no bolso na hora, certo? Mas depois que o PC está na sua mesa: Custo Marginal Zero: Se você jogar Paciência ou renderizar um vídeo em 8K a noite toda, não faz diferença financeira para o seu bolso (tirando a conta de luz, que é irrisória perto do hardware). O dinheiro já foi gasto ( Sunk Cost ). O Comportamento do Engenheiro (On-Premise): Como o processo de compra é lento (meses de cotação e aprovação), você tem medo de faltar recurso. Mentalidade: "Vou pedir um servidor com 64 Cores, mesmo precisando de 16. Se sobrar, melhor. O hardware é nosso mesmo." Código: Eficiência não é prioridade financeira. Um código mal otimizado que consome 90% da CPU não gera uma fatura extra no fim do mês. 2. OPEX (Operational Expenditure): A Lógica do Uber OPEX é Despesa Operacional. É o custo de funcionamento do dia a dia. Na nuvem, você não comprou o carro; você está rodando de Uber 24 horas por dia. Custo Marginal Real: Cada minuto parado no sinal custa dinheiro. Cada desvio de rota custa dinheiro. O Comportamento do Engenheiro (Cloud): Aqui, a ineficiência é taxada instantaneamente. Mentalidade: Aquele servidor de 64 cores e 512GB de ram parado esperando tráfego é como deixar o Uber te esperando na porta do escritório enquanto você trabalha. O taxímetro está rodando. Código: Um loop infinito ou uma query sem índice no banco de dados não deixa apenas o sistema lento; ele queima dinheiro vivo . Comparativo para Desenvolvedores (Salve isso) Feature CAPEX (On-Premise / Hardware Próprio) OPEX (Cloud / AWS / Azure) Commit Financeiro Você paga tudo antes de usar (Upfront). Você paga depois de usar (Pay-as-you-go). Latência de Aprovação Alta. Precisa de reuniões, assinaturas e compras. Zero. Um terraform apply gasta dinheiro instantaneamente. Risco de Capacidade Subutilização. Comprar um servidor monstro e usar 10%. Conta Surpresa. Esquecer algo ligado ou escalar infinitamente. Otimização de Código Melhora performance, mas não reduz a fatura do hardware. Reduz diretamente a fatura. Código limpo = Dinheiro no caixa. Por que isso afeta a sua Arquitetura? Se você desenha uma arquitetura pensando em CAPEX (Mundo Físico) e a implementa em OPEX (Nuvem), você cria um desastre financeiro. No CAPEX , a estratégia de defesa é: "Superdimensionar para garantir estabilidade". (Compre o maior servidor possível). No OPEX , a estratégia de defesa é: "Elasticidade". (Comece com o menor servidor possível e configure para crescer sozinho apenas se necessário). 💸 Os 8 Cavaleiros do Apocalipse Financeiro na AWS Na nuvem, os maiores vilões raramente são tecnologias complexas de IA ou Big Data. Quase sempre são decisões arquiteturais preguiçosas e falta de governança . 1. Instâncias "Just in Case": O Custo do Seguro Psicológico O sobredimensionamento é um vício comum: o desenvolvedor sobe uma instância m5.2xlarge (8 vCPUs, 32GB RAM) não porque a aplicação exige, mas porque ele "não quer ter dor de cabeça". É o provisionamento baseado no medo, criando uma margem de segurança gigantesca e cara para evitar qualquer risco hipotético de lentidão. A realidade nua e crua aparece no CloudWatch: na maior parte do tempo, essa supermáquina opera com apenas 12% de CPU e usa uma fração da memória. Pagar por uma 2xlarge para rodar essa carga é como fretar um ônibus de 50 lugares para levar apenas 4 pessoas ao trabalho todos os dias. Você está pagando pelo "espaço vazio" e pelo motor potente do ônibus, enquanto um carro popular ( t3.medium ) faria o mesmo trajeto com o mesmo conforto e muito mais economia. 2. Ambientes Zumbis: A Torneira Aberta Fora do Expediente "Ambientes Zumbis" são servidores de Desenvolvimento e Homologação que operam como cópias fiéis da Produção, mas sem a audiência dela. Eles permanecem ligados e faturando às 3 da manhã de um domingo, consumindo recursos de nuvem para processar absolutamente nada. Manter esses servidores ligados 24/7 é o equivalente digital de deixar o ar-condicionado de um escritório ligado no máximo durante todo o fim de semana , com o prédio completamente vazio. O impacto financeiro atua como um multiplicador de desperdício. Se você mantém três ambientes (Dev, Staging e Produção) com arquiteturas similares ligados ininterruptamente, seu custo base é 300% do necessário . A matemática é cruel: uma semana tem 168 horas, mas seus desenvolvedores trabalham apenas 40. Você está pagando por 128 horas de ociosidade pura por máquina, todas as semanas. A primeira cura para esse desperdício é o agendamento automático. Utilizando soluções como o AWS Instance Scheduler (ou Lambdas simples), configuramos os ambientes para "acordar" às 08:00 e "dormir" às 20:00, de segunda a sexta-feira. Apenas essa automação básica, sem alterar uma linha de código da aplicação, reduz a fatura desses ambientes não-produtivos em cerca de 70% . 3. O Esquecimento Crônico: O Custo do Limbo Um dos "pegadinhas" mais comuns da nuvem acontece no momento de desligar as luzes: quando você termina uma instância EC2, o senso comum diz que a cobrança para. O erro está em assumir que a máquina e o disco são uma peça única. Por padrão, ao "matar" o servidor, o volume de armazenamento (EBS) acoplado a ele muitas vezes sobrevive, entrando num estado de limbo financeiro. O resultado é o acúmulo de EBS Órfãos : centenas de discos no estado "Available" (não atrelados a ninguém), cheios de dados inúteis ou completamente vazios, pelos quais você paga o preço cheio do gigabyte provisionado. É comparável a vender seu carro, mas esquecer de cancelar o aluguel da vaga de garagem: o veículo não existe mais, mas a cobrança pelo espaço que ele ocupava continua chegando todo mês na fatura. A situação piora com os Elastic IPs (EIPs) , que possuem uma lógica de cobrança invertida e punitiva. Devido à escassez mundial de endereços IPv4, a AWS não cobra pelo IP enquanto você o utiliza, mas começa a cobrar assim que ele fica ocioso . É como uma "multa por não uso": se você reserva um endereço IP e não o atrela a uma instância em execução, você paga por estar "segurando" um recurso escasso sem necessidade. 4. O Cemitério de Dados no S3 Buckets S3 tendem a virar "cemitérios digitais" onde logs, backups e assets se acumulam indefinidamente. O erro crucial não é guardar os dados, mas a falta de estratégia: manter 100% desse volume na classe S3 Standard , pagando a tarifa mais alta da AWS por arquivos que ninguém acessa há meses. Para entender o prejuízo, imagine o S3 Standard como uma loja no corredor principal de um shopping: o aluguel é caríssimo porque o acesso é imediato e fácil ( baixa latência ). Manter logs de 2022 nessa classe é como alugar essa vitrine premium apenas para estocar caixas de papelão velhas. Dados "frios", que raramente são consultados, não precisam estar à mão em milissegundos; eles podem ficar num armazém mais distante e barato. A solução é o S3 Lifecycle , que automatiza a logística desse "estoque". Primeiro, ele atua na Transição : move automaticamente os dados que envelhecem da "vitrine" (Standard) para o "armazém" ( S3 Glacier ). No Glacier, você paga uma fração do preço, aceitando que o resgate do arquivo leve alguns minutos ou horas (maior latência), o que é aceitável para arquivos de auditoria ou backups antigos. Por fim, o Lifecycle resolve o acúmulo de lixo através da Expiração . Além de mover dados, você configura regras para deletar objetos definitivamente após um período, como remover logs temporários após 7 dias. Isso garante a higiene do ambiente, impedindo que você pague aluguel (seja no shopping ou no armazém) por dados inúteis que não deveriam mais existir. 5. Snapshots: O Colecionador de Backups Fantasmas Backups são a apólice de seguro da sua infraestrutura, mas a facilidade de criar snapshots na AWS gera um comportamento perigoso de acumulação. O erro clássico é configurar uma automação de snapshot diário e definir a retenção para "nunca" ou prazos absurdos como 5 anos. Embora os snapshots sejam incrementais (salvando apenas o que mudou), em bancos de dados transacionais com muita escrita, o volume de dados alterados cresce rápido, e a fatura acompanha. Para visualizar o desperdício, imagine que você compra o jornal do dia para ler as notícias. É útil ter os jornais da última semana na mesa para referência rápida. Mas guardar uma pilha de jornais diários de três anos atrás na sua sala ocupa espaço valioso e custa dinheiro, sendo que a chance de você precisar saber a "cotação do dólar numa terça-feira específica de 2021" é praticamente nula. Você está pagando armazenamento premium por "jornais velhos" que não têm valor de negócio. 6. Licenciamento Comercial (O Custo Invisível) Muitas empresas focam tanto em otimizar CPU e RAM que esquecem o elefante na sala: o custo de software. Ao rodar instâncias com Windows Server ou SQL Server Enterprise na AWS no modelo "License Included", você não paga apenas pela infraestrutura; você paga uma sobretaxa pesada pelo direito de uso do software proprietário. Esse custo é embutido na tarifa por hora e, em máquinas grandes, a licença pode custar mais caro que o próprio hardware. Para ilustrar a desproporção, usar o SQL Server Enterprise para uma aplicação que não utiliza funcionalidades avançadas (como Always On complexo ou compressão de dados específica) é como fretar um jato executivo apenas para ir comprar pão na padaria . O objetivo (armazenar e recuperar dados) é cumprido, mas você está pagando por um veículo de luxo quando uma bicicleta ou um Uber resolveria o problema com a mesma eficiência e uma fração do custo. A primeira camada de solução é a Otimização de Edição . É comum desenvolvedores solicitarem a versão Enterprise por "garantia" ou hábito, sem necessidade técnica real. Uma auditoria simples muitas vezes revela que a versão Standard atende a todos os requisitos da aplicação. Fazer esse downgrade reduz a fatura de licenciamento imediatamente, sem exigir mudanças drásticas na arquitetura ou no código. 7. Dilema Geográfico: Reduzindo a Fatura pela Metade Hospedar aplicações na região sa-east-1 (São Paulo) carrega um ágio pesado: o "Custo Brasil" digital faz com que a infraestrutura local custe, cerca de 50% a mais do que na us-east-1 (N. Virgínia). Migrar workloads para os EUA é, frequentemente, a manobra de FinOps com maior retorno imediato (ROI): você corta a fatura desses recursos praticamente pela metade apenas alterando o CEP do servidor, acessando o mesmo hardware por uma fração do preço. O principal bloqueador costuma ser o medo da LGPD , mas a crença de que a lei exige residência física dos dados no Brasil é um mito . O Artigo 33 permite a transferência internacional para países com proteção adequada (como os EUA), desde que coberto por contratos padrão. A legislação foca na segurança e privacidade do dado, não na sua latitude e longitude geográfica. Quanto à técnica, a latência para a Virgínia (~120ms) é imperceptível para a maioria das aplicações web, sistemas internos e dashboards. A estratégia inteligente é adotar uma região como US East como padrão para maximizar a economia, reservando São Paulo apenas para exceções que realmente exigem resposta em tempo real (como High Frequency Trading), evitando pagar preço de "primeira classe" para cargas de trabalho que rodariam perfeitamente na econômica. 8. Serverless: A Faca de Dois Gumes "Serverless" é computação sem gestão de infraestrutura (como AWS Lambda ou DynamoDB). Diferente de alugar um servidor fixo mensal, aqui você paga apenas pelos milissegundos que seu código executa ou pelo dado que você lê. É como a conta de luz: você só paga se o interruptor estiver ligado. A Estratégia: Para uso esporádico, é imbatível. Mas e para uso constante? Também pode ser uma excelente escolha! Embora a fatura de infraestrutura possa vir mais alta do que em servidores tradicionais, você elimina o trabalho pesado de manutenção. Muitas vezes, é financeiramente mais inteligente pagar um pouco mais para a AWS do que custear horas de engenharia ou contratar uma equipe dedicada apenas para gerenciar servidores, aplicar patches de segurança e configurar escalas. O segredo é olhar para o Custo Total (TCO), e não apenas para a linha de processamento na fatura. 🕵️♂️ FinOps: Engenharia Financeira na Prática FinOps não é apenas sobre "pedir desconto" ou cortar gastos; é a mudança cultural que descentraliza a responsabilidade do custo, empoderando engenheiros a tomar decisões baseadas em dados, não em palpites. Para que essa cultura saia do papel, ela precisa se apoiar em um tripé de governança robusto: a visibilidade granular garantida pelo tageamento correto (saber quem gasta), a segurança operacional monitorada pelo AWS Budgets (saber quando gasta) e a eficiência financeira obtida através dos Modelos de Compra inteligentes (saber como pagar). Sem integrar essas três frentes, a nuvem deixa de ser um acelerador de inovação para se tornar um passivo financeiro descontrolado. 1. TAGs: Sem Etiquetas, Sem Dados 🏷️ No AWS Cost Explorer, uma infraestrutura sem tags opera como uma "caixa preta" financeira: você encara uma fatura de $50.000, mas é incapaz de discernir se o rombo veio de um modelo crítico de Data Science ou de um cluster Kubernetes esquecido por um estagiário. Utiliza tags como custo:centro , app:nome , env e dono no momento dos recursos transformara números genéricos em rastreáveis, permitindo que cada centavo gasto tenha um responsável atrelado, eliminando definitivamente a cultura de que "o custo da nuvem não é problema meu". 2. AWS Budgets e Detecção de Anomalias 🚨 Não espere o fim do mês. Configure o AWS Budgets para alertar quando o custo projetado (forecasted) ultrapassar o limite. Dica: Ative o Cost Anomaly Detection . Ele usa Machine Learning para identificar picos anormais. Exemplo: Um deploy errado fez a cahamada para um Lambda entrar em loop infinito. O Anomaly Detection te avisa em horas, não no fim do mês. 3. Modelos de Compra: O Fim do On-Demand 💸 Operar 100% em On-Demand é pagar voluntariamente um "imposto sobre a falta de planejamento". A maturidade em FinOps exige abandonar o preço de varejo e adotar um mix estratégico: cubra sua carga de trabalho base (aquela que roda 24/7) com Savings Plans , que oferecem descontos de até 72% em troca de fidelidade, e mova cargas tolerantes a interrupções, como processamento de dados e pipelines de CI/CD, para Spot Instances , aproveitando a capacidade ociosa da AWS por até 10% do valor original . Ignorar essa estratégia e manter tudo no On-Demand é uma decisão consciente de desperdiçar orçamento que poderia ser reinvestido em inovação. 🧠 Dev Assina o Código e o Cheque No mundo On-Premise, um código ruim apenas deixava o sistema lento. Na Nuvem, código ineficiente gera uma fatura imediata . A barreira entre Engenharia e Financeiro desapareceu: cada linha de código é uma decisão de compra executada em tempo real. O desenvolvedor não consome apenas CPU, ele consome o orçamento da empresa. Para entender o impacto, veja o preço das más práticas: O Custo da Leitura: Uma query sem " WHERE " ou um Full Table Scan no DynamoDB não é apenas um problema de performance; você está pagando unidades de leitura para ler milhares de linhas inúteis. É como comprar a biblioteca inteira para ler uma única página. O Custo da Ineficiência: Um código com vazamento de memória engana o Auto Scaling . O sistema provisiona 10 servidores para fazer o trabalho de 2, desperdiçando dinheiro para compensar código ruim. O Custo do Ruído: Logs em modo VERBOSE esquecidos em produção são vilões. O CloudWatch cobra caro pela ingestão. Enviar gigabytes de "log de lixo" é literalmente pagar frete aéreo para transportar entulho. A Cultura de Engenharia Consciente de Custos: Estimativa no Refinamento: O custo deve ser debatido antes do código existir. Durante o Refinamento, ao definir a arquitetura, faça a pergunta: "Quais recursos vamos usar e quanto isso vai custar com a volumetria esperada?" . Se a solução técnica custa $1.000 para economizar $50 de esforço manual, ela deve ser vetada ali mesmo. Feedback Loop: O desenvolvedor precisa ver quanto o serviço dele custa. Painéis do Grafana ou Datadog devem mostrar não só a latência da API, mas o custo diário dela. Só existe responsabilidade quando existe consciência do preço. Cerimônia de Custo (FinOps Review): Estabeleça uma reunião recorrente dedicada a olhar o "Extrato da Conta" . O time analisa os custos atuais, investiga picos não planejados da semana anterior e discute ativamente: "Existe alguma oportunidade de desligar recursos ou otimizar este serviço agora?" . É a higiene financeira mantendo o projeto saudável. 🌐 O Mundo Híbrido e Multicloud: Complexidade é Custo Nem tudo precisa ir para a AWS, e nem tudo deve sair do seu Data Center local. A maturidade em nuvem não significa "desligar tudo o que é físico", mas sim saber onde cada peça do jogo custa menos. Empresas podem operam em modelos híbridos estratégicos: O Lugar do Legado (On-Premise): Aquele banco de dados gigante ou mainframe que já está quitado, não cresce mais e roda de forma previsível? Deixe onde está. Migrar esses monstros para a nuvem apenas copiando e colando ("Lift-and-Shift") costuma ser um desastre financeiro. Na nuvem, você paga caro por performance de disco (IOPS) e memória que, no seu servidor físico, já são "gratuitos". O Lugar da Inovação (Nuvem): Seu site, aplicativos móveis e APIs que precisam aguentar milhões de acessos num dia e zero no outro? Leve para a nuvem. Lá você paga pela elasticidade e pelo alcance global que o servidor físico não consegue entregar. Cuidado com a Armadilha Multicloud Muitos gestores caem na tentação de usar AWS, Azure e Google Cloud ao mesmo tempo sob o pretexto de "evitar ficar preso a um fornecedor" (Vendor Lock-in). Na prática, para a maioria das empresas, isso triplica o custo operacional . Você precisará de equipes especialistas em três plataformas diferentes, perderá descontos por volume (diluindo seu gasto) e pagará taxas altíssimas de transferência de dados (Egress) para fazer as nuvens conversarem entre si. Complexidade técnica é, invariavelmente, custo financeiro. Como gerenciar essa infraestrutura sem perder o controle? O uso de ferramentas como Terraform ou OpenTofu . Com elas, criar um servidor não é mais clicar em botões numa tela, mas sim escrever um arquivo de texto (código). Isso habilita a Revisão de Código Financeira : Um desenvolvedor propõe uma mudança no código da infraestrutura. Antes de aprovar, o time revisa num "Pull Request". A pergunta muda de "O código está certo?" para "Por que você alterou a máquina de micro para extra-large ?" . O Code Review de infraestrutura torna-se a primeira e mais barata linha de defesa do FinOps, barrando gastos desnecessários antes mesmo que eles sejam criados. Conclusão: A Nuvem não é um Destino, é um Modelo Econômico Migrar para a nuvem não é apenas trocar de servidor; é adotar um novo paradigma operacional e financeiro. Tratar a AWS como um "datacenter glorificado" é o caminho mais rápido para transformar a inovação em prejuízo: ao fazer isso, você acaba pagando a diária de um hotel cinco estrelas apenas para estocar caixas de papelão que poderiam estar num depósito simples. A virada de chave acontece na cultura. Comece pelo básico bem feito: aplique Tags rigorosamente, automatize a limpeza de recursos e traga o custo para o centro das decisões de arquitetura. Lembre-se que, neste novo mundo, a excelência técnica é inseparável da eficiência financeira: o melhor código não é apenas o que funciona, é o que entrega valor máximo consumindo o mínimo de orçamento. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Ed Wantuil Follow Meu objetivo é compartilhar conhecimento, criar soluções e ajudar outras pessoas a evoluírem na carreira de tecnologia. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/buildapc/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/buildapc Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/buildapc members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights Simple Questions - January 12, 2026 :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Upgrade 3080 to 5070 ti or hold the line? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/ItalianLeprechaun • Upgrade 3080 to 5070 ti or hold the line? Discussion Would love to get some thoughts, I’m presently running a rig I built in 2021. CPU: Ryzen 5600x GPU: RTX 3080 Founders Edition MoBo: MSI X570 With the memory shortages getting worse and worse, I am seriously considering upgrading my GPU to a 5070 ti. This is probably 12-18 months earlier than I would have otherwise but, with the value I can get from selling the 3080 I am comfortable with the upgrade cost. I typically play single player titles at 1440p. My main upcoming titles in my library are the Horizon Zero Dawn games, Elden Ring, Expedition 33, and Witcher 3. Part of me says my 3080 should get me through for a while and maybe the cost / shortages will resolve by the time I want to upgrade. The other part says act now while the 3080 has value, I can still find 5070 ti at MSRP, and a 50% performance upgrade is pretty significant. Especially when the 5070 ti should be relatively future proof for at least 5+ years. Recent days have been busier than I’d like so gaming has taken a little bit of a back seat maybe a few hours a week but I still love it. What would you do if you were me? Just looking for different perspectives to compare against my own thoughts and research. Thanks!! To the guy that advised me to take 64Gb of RAM back in June :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/skyer954 • To the guy that advised me to take 64Gb of RAM back in June Miscellaneous I was slapping together a new rig this summer and was posting here often to ask questions. I planned 32 Gb of RAM, but one guy told me "get 64, I know it may seem like an overkill now, but trust me, and DDR5 works better with 2 sticks instead of 4". Well I was already over my initial budget, so I was reluctant to dish out extra 100$ for extra 32 Gb. Yet, I did. I paid for those two sticks 220$. Today, they cost 1250$. Buddy, wherever you are now, may your core temps be low, your thermal paste always spread evenly like butter on a pancake, and your GPU connectors unmeltable. Edit: dang this blew up. I see a lot of similar and repeating questions in the comments, so I'll try to broadly answer them here. Why did I decide to take those 64 Gb? One, to future-proof; in my last PC I started out with 8 (4+4), and had to add another 8 later, and that made it hella unstable, even though it was the same model and all. For this PC, I decided I don't want to deal with this crap again throughout its lifetime. And two, so that I can finally stop worrying about memory when running heavy programs and numerous VMs at the same time, for instance when practicing in a virtual security home lab. And nope, I do not plan on selling any of the RAM - I'm just very happy I managed to dodge the bullet and can finally peacefully enjoy a quality machine for years to come. Do you Think M.2 prices will rise? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/haz_0609 • Do you Think M.2 prices will rise? Discussion I have been looking at all the Ram prices skyrocketing,this time last year i bought 32gb for $170 aud and it’s now $640!.for my pc i am in desperate need of a new ssd card but i want to wait,wondering if waiting would be a bad idea… Created Apr 11, 2010 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 3.1M 34K Community Bookmarks Wiki Buildapc Discord Old Reddit A community of : 8,384,773 PC Builders. r/buildapc Rules 1 Be respectful to others Remember, there's a human being behind the other keyboard. Be considerate of others even if you disagree on something - treat others as you'd wish to be treated. 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https://dev.to/abdulrahman_othman | Abdulrahman Othman - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Abdulrahman Othman 404 bio not found Joined Joined on Jun 9, 2024 More info about @abdulrahman_othman Badges One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Post 0 posts published Comment 2 comments written Tag 0 tags followed Want to connect with Abdulrahman Othman? Create an account to connect with Abdulrahman Othman. You can also sign in below to proceed if you already have an account. Create Account Already have an account? Sign in loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Mastering Cloud Storage: How to Mount S3 as a Local Filesystem with Rclone DEV-AI DEV-AI DEV-AI Follow Oct 27 '25 Mastering Cloud Storage: How to Mount S3 as a Local Filesystem with Rclone # linux # cli # tutorial # aws Comments Add Comment 7 min read production deploy completed ! hirooka kazuya hirooka kazuya hirooka kazuya Follow Nov 18 '25 production deploy completed ! # aws # devjournal # typescript Comments Add Comment 1 min read Building Better on AWS: A Practical Guide to the Well-Architected Framework Sauveer Ketan Sauveer Ketan Sauveer Ketan Follow Nov 17 '25 Building Better on AWS: A Practical Guide to the Well-Architected Framework # aws # cloudcomputing # architecture # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 9 min read Controlling Kubernetes Network Traffic – Part 1 Eyal Estrin Eyal Estrin Eyal Estrin Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 17 '25 Controlling Kubernetes Network Traffic – Part 1 # aws # azure # googlecloud # kubernetes 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Creating an Amazon ECS service that uses Service Discovery Learn2Skills Learn2Skills Learn2Skills Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 17 '25 Creating an Amazon ECS service that uses Service Discovery # aws # containers # cloud # ecs 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read AWS re/Start – My Week 9 Experience Ijay Ijay Ijay Follow Oct 13 '25 AWS re/Start – My Week 9 Experience # aws # restart # cloudcomputing # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Simple Event-Driven Microservices System with Apache Kafka Cloudev Cloudev Cloudev Follow Oct 13 '25 Building a Simple Event-Driven Microservices System with Apache Kafka # kafka # kinesis # aws # data 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building Production-Grade Multi-Tier Web Infrastructure on AWS with CDK & CLI Only asim-makes asim-makes asim-makes Follow Oct 13 '25 Building Production-Grade Multi-Tier Web Infrastructure on AWS with CDK & CLI Only # architecture # devops # aws # cloud Comments Add Comment 6 min read Real-Time Streaming Challenges: What I Learned Building at Scale HyperscaleDesignHub HyperscaleDesignHub HyperscaleDesignHub Follow Oct 26 '25 Real-Time Streaming Challenges: What I Learned Building at Scale # systemdesign # performance # architecture # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read CloudFormation Hooks: Lambda hooks con anotaciones granulares (en español sencillo) Pablo Gonzalez Robles Pablo Gonzalez Robles Pablo Gonzalez Robles Follow Nov 17 '25 CloudFormation Hooks: Lambda hooks con anotaciones granulares (en español sencillo) # news # security # aws # devops 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Dejé de hablar de AI y empecé a construir: Construye un RAG simple con Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases. Sinai Rivera Sinai Rivera Sinai Rivera Follow Nov 17 '25 Dejé de hablar de AI y empecé a construir: Construye un RAG simple con Amazon Bedrock Knowledge Bases. # aws # rag # ai # tutorial Comments Add Comment 9 min read I stopped talking about AI and started to build: Build a RAG System with Amazon Bedrock, Titan Embeddings & Knowledge Bases Sinai Rivera Sinai Rivera Sinai Rivera Follow Nov 17 '25 I stopped talking about AI and started to build: Build a RAG System with Amazon Bedrock, Titan Embeddings & Knowledge Bases # aws # rag # ai # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Chaos Testing AWS EKS with AWS FIS | AWS Community Day Bangalore 2025 N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy Follow for AWS Community Builders Oct 26 '25 Chaos Testing AWS EKS with AWS FIS | AWS Community Day Bangalore 2025 # aws # apigateway # kubernetes # microservices 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read Real-Time Data Streaming Platform: From 140K to 1 Million Messages/Sec - A Flink Performance Tuning Journey HyperscaleDesignHub HyperscaleDesignHub HyperscaleDesignHub Follow Oct 26 '25 Real-Time Data Streaming Platform: From 140K to 1 Million Messages/Sec - A Flink Performance Tuning Journey # kubernetes # dataengineering # performance # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read Kiro with MCP for GitHub Integration, Docs, Diagrams and AWS Recommendations Andre Luiz Rosa Andre Luiz Rosa Andre Luiz Rosa Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 15 '25 Kiro with MCP for GitHub Integration, Docs, Diagrams and AWS Recommendations # aws # terraform # kiro # mcp 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 3 min read A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents with Java and Spring AI - Part 3 - Add Knowledge Yuriy Bezsonov Yuriy Bezsonov Yuriy Bezsonov Follow Nov 17 '25 A Practical Guide to Building AI Agents with Java and Spring AI - Part 3 - Add Knowledge # ai # java # aws # springboot Comments Add Comment 7 min read Getting Started with CIDR and Subnetting in AWS Irfan Satrio Irfan Satrio Irfan Satrio Follow Nov 17 '25 Getting Started with CIDR and Subnetting in AWS # aws # networking # beginners 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Predicting Failures in a Serverless App with AWS DevOps Guru and OpenTelemetry Kirill Polishchuk Kirill Polishchuk Kirill Polishchuk Follow Oct 25 '25 Predicting Failures in a Serverless App with AWS DevOps Guru and OpenTelemetry # observability # aiops # devops # aws 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Amazon EC2: Launching Your First Instance from the Console (Public Access) Andres Figueroa Andres Figueroa Andres Figueroa Follow Nov 16 '25 Amazon EC2: Launching Your First Instance from the Console (Public Access) # aws # ec2 # security # networking Comments Add Comment 3 min read Pod Identity: The Authentication Revolution Kubernetes Needed 🔐 Omar Fathy Omar Fathy Omar Fathy Follow Oct 12 '25 Pod Identity: The Authentication Revolution Kubernetes Needed 🔐 # security # kubernetes # devops # aws Comments Add Comment 7 min read Day 72 : Grafana Udoh Deborah Udoh Deborah Udoh Deborah Follow Oct 26 '25 Day 72 : Grafana # aws # grafana # terraforn 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Route 53 Sachin Sachin Sachin Follow Oct 27 '25 Route 53 # aws # beginners # networking 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read HOW TO: Run Spark on Kubernetes with AWS EMR on EKS (2025) Pramit Marattha Pramit Marattha Pramit Marattha Follow for Chaos Genius Nov 15 '25 HOW TO: Run Spark on Kubernetes with AWS EMR on EKS (2025) # apachespark # kubernetes # aws # eks 8 reactions Comments Add Comment 17 min read Implementing a Self-Healing Serverless CICD Pipeline with AWS Developer Tools. Henry Henry Henry Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 5 '25 Implementing a Self-Healing Serverless CICD Pipeline with AWS Developer Tools. # serverless # cicd # devops # aws 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Interoperating Open Table Formats on AWS Using Apache XTable (Delta Iceberg) Aki Aki Aki Follow for AWS Community Builders Nov 14 '25 Interoperating Open Table Formats on AWS Using Apache XTable (Delta Iceberg) # aws # iceberg # deltalake # dataengineering 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/anmolbaranwal/12-things-you-didnt-know-you-could-do-with-dev-2041 | 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Anmol Baranwal Posted on Jan 30, 2024 • Edited on May 16, 2024 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV # howtodevto # tutorial # writing # beginners Exciting things you could do with DEV (2 Part Series) 1 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV 2 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV part 2 As a developer, I'm always looking for those little details because, well, the details matter. We're all part of one big community here on DEV, and in this post, I'm excited to share some unexpected features and tricks that you might not be aware of on this platform. Let me take you through 12 surprising things you can do on DEV, from creating custom buttons to creating your comment templates! Please comment and let me know which point surprised you the most. 1. Filter posts using tags. With the constant intake of posts in our feeds, having some control and filters is essential. One way is to filter posts by using tags. For instance, to view posts with the #discuss tag, simply navigate to dev.to/t/discuss . Likewise, if you want posts with the tag #softwaredevelopment , head over to dev.to/t/softwaredevelopment . As a general rule, you can use this. https://dev.to/t/paste_your_tag_without_spaces Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode You can paste the above URL with your tag to see the top posts in that relevant category. You can discover tag moderators responsible for handling that particular tag. In case you're wondering, tag moderators are responsible for maintaining the relevance of the tags with the post. You can check the tags you're following at dev.to/dashboard/following_tags . A comprehensive list of all tags is available at dev.to/tags . 2. Handy resources based on official tags. It might be related to the first one, but it's not true for every tag. Certain tags provide handy official resources, such as documentation for tailwindcss or helpful guides for nextjs . These resources can be valuable, especially if you're new to a particular tag. For instance, the nextjs tag has decent resources :) These "little details" make the DEV platform more user-friendly and informative. 3. RSS Feed. Explaining RSS feed to a 5-year-old: Imagine you have a favorite cartoon show, and every time there's a new episode, your magical TV shows it to you. The RSS feed is like that magic messenger for websites. It tells your computer when there's something new on your favorite website, so you can see it without having to check all the time. It's like a friendly notification that says, "Hey, something interesting happened on the website you like!". It's like having a personalized news feed with content from multiple sources. Check your DEV RSS feed using: dev.to/feed/your_username Check Chrome extension that I use to find RSS Feed URLs. Learn more about how drafts are created from your feed at DEV in this guide . Head to dev.to/settings/extensions to paste your RSS Feed URL and integrate it with your DEV profile. Suppose you have your own blog, and whenever you publish a blog to your website -> dev will fetch that blog as a draft post which you can publish from the dashboard. What is a Canonical URL? Imagine you have a webpage, and there are a few copies or variations of it. (Your personal blog + DEV blog) A canonical URL is like tagging the main one as the boss—the original source. It helps search engines know which version is the most important or preferred, preventing confusion and improving your webpage's search engine ranking. Understanding canonical URLs is crucial when re-publishing content to maintain clarity for search engines. 4. Crazy Badges for Lots of Innovative Things. DEV awards several badges weekly based on the technologies featured in articles. From tech stack badges to quirky ones like the "Beloved Comment" badge, each badge holds its own charm. For example, if you write an article with React and are considered a top author of the week, you will be awarded the React badge. I can't help but share my excitement about some adorable badges I've seen. I know a couple of guys who have this beloved badge. If you know, comment down! Who has this one? LOL! Worth a party. I have this one but didn't win any game 🤣 The Top 7 Author Badge, often regarded as the most prestigious, is my personal favorite. Earning this badge is truly an honor in its own right. I can't list them all; otherwise, people will get angry. LOL! Explore the complete list of badges at dev.to/badges . 5. Software comparisons. Comparing Software is not a new trend. We do it all the time. So, the DEV Team made a list of top posts that the community has created. These are the posts folks have generally continued coming back to over and over again. The list has around 350+ software companies. Must check! dev.to/software-comparisons - software comparisons 6. Adding a caption to your image. In DEV posts, you can add captions to your images that provide context or additional information to complement the image shown. It's an interesting way to navigate within the image. Here's how you can do it. You have to use the <figcaption> tag after the image. For instance, see the image below along with it syntax. GitHub Profile of Anmol Baranwal  <figcaption> GitHub Profile of Anmol-Baranwal </figcaption> Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 7. Subscribe to comments. Typically, as the author of a post, you're automatically subscribed to all comments. This means you'll receive notifications for every comment on that post. However, what's interesting is that you can also subscribe to comments on other posts. I recommend doing this, especially for posts with a #discuss tag, as it exposes you to various perspectives, leading to valuable learning experiences in the end. Notifications of top-level comments is a handy one. 8. Embed & Line break. Most of the people would already know this. But for those who don't, you can embed any video so that you can play the video rather than pasting a link. It allows viewers to watch the video directly without visiting another site. {% embed paste_url_here %} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode For example, embedding my DEV profile will look like this. Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Some might not be aware of creating line breaks using &nbsp; . This simple technique improves the readability of your posts. For example, This first sentence can be separated from the next content using &nbsp; . The second sentence is separated by a line break. 9. A call-to-action button. This is the coolest! Did you know you can make a personalized button with a description? So exciting! It's a handy way to grab attention and enhance engagement, and it's super easy to implement. For instance, let's create a CTA for my GitHub profile: 🚀 Visit My GitHub Profile You can use the below syntax for creating that button: {% cta https://github.com/Anmol-Baranwal %} 🚀 Visit My GitHub Profile {% endcta %} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode This personalized touch can add a whole new dimension to your posts. The syntax uses liquid tags created by Shopify. 10. Complete Editor Guide. Here's a hidden gem that even top authors might not be aware of. The DEV team has made a comprehensive editor guide covering almost every aspect of using the editor. It's a one-stop resource for answering questions like: How to add a caption to your image Supported URL embeds How to add comments (author notes) which won't show up in the content Markdown basics + recommended cover image size (1000 * 420) They have even covered accessibility and much more. Read the complete guide at dev.to/p/editor_guide . Big kudos to the DEV team for creating such a handy guide! Do follow the official DEV team and join the fun :) The DEV Team Follow The team behind this very platform. 😄 11. Comment Templates. Another nifty feature that DEV offers is the ability to save comment templates. Whether it's for introducing yourself or sharing your social media URLs, these templates can save you time and add consistency to your interactions. It may be small, but it packs a punch! It closely mirrors a functionality commonly found on GitHub. Let's see how it works. To set up your comment templates, visit dev.to/settings/response-templates You can easily add new templates with short titles for quick reference. When you're in the comments section of a post, click the three dots on the bottom right -> then the bookmark symbol. You'll find a list of templates that you can directly use. Trusted users even get a predefined list of templates for extra ease. 12. Podcasts? Videos? And the power of Hidden tags. Did you know you could upload videos for your posts on DEV? You can find the option to upload the video in the left bottom corner at dev.to/dashboard It's a fantastic way to improve your post. Discover these video posts at dev.to/videos . DEV also hosts a section dedicated to podcasts. You can even submit your own podcast for review and explore various others at dev.to/pod . Hidden Tags for Personalized Feeds Hidden tags are a way to provide you with more control over what you see and a means of hiding content from your feed that you don't want to see. You can hide tags over on the tags page - use the search to find a specific tag you want to hide You can also hide tags over on the "Following tags" section of your dashboard - press the three dots to access the hide option You can find hidden tags at dev.to/dashboard/hidden_tags . You can see which tags you've hidden on your dashboard and unhide them This feature ensures a more personalized and enjoyable browsing experience on DEV. I'm not covering APIs since it would make the post very long. However, if you're interested, you can explore more about Forem APIs . Bonus I know, I know! I promised 12 things, but here's a little extra on "How you can earn money whenever someone reads your blog!" Explore the concept of Web Monetization in this insightful blog post . It's an awesome guide that explains everything you need to know. You can also read more on how to become a DEV Mod and collaborate with fellow community members. I don't know about you, but I'm extra excited, and there might be more treasures that the DEV Team is hiding. LOL! I hope you learned something new today. I love the DEV community as it is an excellent place for encountering great content of all kinds: lively discussion posts, in-depth tutorials, library updates, career advice, and a lot more. If you are keen on sponsoring this post, shoot me a message at anmolbaranwal119@gmail.com or hit me up on Twitter! 🚀 If you enjoy my content, please support me by following me on my GitHub & Twitter. GitHub - Keep building! Twitter LinkedIn Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Write more, inspire more. Exciting things you could do with DEV (2 Part Series) 1 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV 2 😁12 things you didn't know you could do with DEV part 2 Top comments (38) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide As an author, I've wanted to share this for a long time. I believe people need to have fun, go deep, and find these small details about DEV. Telling you the truth, I began my writing journey on DEV and never wrote on Hashnode or Medium before DEV. I'm not a fan of Medium because of the paywall, and Hashnode seems challenging for beginners. I only want people to read my content and enjoy it. See you later. Hope you like it! Like comment: Like comment: 8 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ben Sinclair Ben Sinclair Ben Sinclair Follow I've been a professional C, Perl, PHP and Python developer. I'm an ex-sysadmin from the late 20th century. These days I do more Javascript and CSS and whatnot, and promote UX and accessibility. Location Scotland Education Something something cybernetics Pronouns They/them Work General-purpose software person Joined Aug 29, 2017 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I didn't know about the Software Comparisons page or the CTA tag! How did you find out about them? Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah CTA isn't mentionned on comments sections with buttons or documentation. But one post about that, a post from the DEV Team - @michaeltharrington Lesser Known Features of DEV — Embedding Call To Action (CTA) Buttons Michael Tharrington for The DEV Team ・ May 25 '23 #meta #documentation #community #howtodevto Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Michael Tharrington Follow I'm a friendly, non-dev, cisgender guy from NC who enjoys playing music/making noise, hiking, eating veggies, and hanging out with my best friend/wife + our 3 kitties + 1 greyhound. Email mct3545@gmail.com Location North Carolina Education BFA in Creative Writing Pronouns he/him Work Senior Community Manager at DEV Joined Oct 24, 2017 • Feb 1 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Oooo yeah, thanks for bringing this one up, Thomas. And that makes me realize that I need to make this series a bit easier to access! Like comment: Like comment: 4 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 1 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I struggled a bit to make it work since I wasn't very familiar with liquid tags. Thanks for sharing the post! :D Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide LOL! I blackmailed the DEV Team. Just kidding! As I mentioned, I explore in-depth. It's a habit as a developer. I didn't share some generic things since it's not that useful. There is a whole lot more! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Rachel Fazio Rachel Fazio Rachel Fazio Follow Hello hello! Content Creator/Graphic Designer over here at Forem, which powers DEV and CodeNewbie :-) (they/them) Location Los Angeles, California Education University of Washington Pronouns they/them Work Graphic Designer Joined Nov 7, 2022 • Feb 2 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I LOVE this. Also (if no one has already shared) we have a new badge page that is more organized and helps ya see which badges you can earn now in our community vs. which ones are our past badges vs. language specific badges! Here's that link for ya: dev.to/community-badges Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 3 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide DEV is full of surprises! 😄 And here I thought there wouldn't be anything new. I can't believe how many things are there that I don't know about on DEV. LOL! Thanks a bunch for sharing this :D I would have included it in the post if I had known this earlier. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Follow Hi 👋🏽, I am a self-taught Senior Front-End Engineer. I share tips to help overwhelmed junior frontend developers here => frontendjoy.com/ 😻🥳. Email joyancefa@gmail.com Location Asnieres-Sur-Seine, France Work Senior Frontend Engineer Joined Jul 26, 2020 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wouaw! Thanks for this great list! I have been using dev.to lately and some of these stuff will come handy Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks so much for commenting! I'm really glad this was helpful :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Follow Hi 👋🏽, I am a self-taught Senior Front-End Engineer. I share tips to help overwhelmed junior frontend developers here => frontendjoy.com/ 😻🥳. Email joyancefa@gmail.com Location Asnieres-Sur-Seine, France Work Senior Frontend Engineer Joined Jul 26, 2020 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Something I also wonder: is there a way to have a default footer for all blog posts ? Or to save a snippet of text and re-use ? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 30 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide As far as I know, I don't think there is. Usually, I copy-paste it from the last blog. If you want, I can ask in the DEV discord community, and if they like it, the team might consider it. Having snippets would be great! Like comment: Like comment: Like Thread Thread Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Follow Hi 👋🏽, I am a self-taught Senior Front-End Engineer. I share tips to help overwhelmed junior frontend developers here => frontendjoy.com/ 😻🥳. Email joyancefa@gmail.com Location Asnieres-Sur-Seine, France Work Senior Frontend Engineer Joined Jul 26, 2020 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks ! That would be great ! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Ben Sinclair Ben Sinclair Ben Sinclair Follow I've been a professional C, Perl, PHP and Python developer. I'm an ex-sysadmin from the late 20th century. These days I do more Javascript and CSS and whatnot, and promote UX and accessibility. Location Scotland Education Something something cybernetics Pronouns They/them Work General-purpose software person Joined Aug 29, 2017 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You mean like a signature on an email or an old-style forum? I think it's probably not a good idea; people are generally negative towards signatures because in those old enviroments they tended to fill up your feed with repetetive fluff. That shouldn't happen on DEV since you only read one post at a time and the feed only contains a snippet, but generally speaking I think signatures have baggage . They might also feel like too much self-promotion, especially if you see the same ones again and again. There's nothing stopping you pasting the same content into multiple posts yourself, of course, but I think they'd mostly get used for "follow me on $platform" and "buy me an lemonade shandy" links, and we already have the ability to set social media links against your profile. Perhaps a solution which covers that would be a new feature to allow users to set which links/buttons appear in the little popover you see when you hover over their name? Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide If you've used GitHub, you would know how they provide templates for basic things. You can use a slash (/) to create a table with different rows and columns, and then you can customize it. In DEV, I have to rewrite the structure, which can be frustrating. So, having some small snippets could be useful. For instance, the snippet to create a line break within bullet points . Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Thread Thread Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Ndeye Fatou Diop Follow Hi 👋🏽, I am a self-taught Senior Front-End Engineer. I share tips to help overwhelmed junior frontend developers here => frontendjoy.com/ 😻🥳. Email joyancefa@gmail.com Location Asnieres-Sur-Seine, France Work Senior Frontend Engineer Joined Jul 26, 2020 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks for taking the time to write such a complete response. I understand the rational : it’s mostly used for linking to other social media’s but also suggesting the user to comment/like, etc. I have been copy/pasting the text and it looks like a lot of bloggers here do it too. So maybe it’s worth adding ? If not, the popover would be great indeed !!! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ricardo Esteves Ricardo Esteves Ricardo Esteves Follow 👋 I'm a Frontend enthusiast & full-stack aficionado | Crafting captivating user experiences | Based in Lisbon, Portugal 🇵🇹 | Dedicated to innovation and staying ahead with the latest in tech! Location Lisbon Education Computer science Work Software engineer Joined Mar 11, 2020 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Wow thank you for this info! Supaaa handy. 👌 Like comment: Like comment: 3 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thanks so much! Even I wasn't aware of a few things, especially that button. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Ricardo Esteves Ricardo Esteves Ricardo Esteves Follow 👋 I'm a Frontend enthusiast & full-stack aficionado | Crafting captivating user experiences | Based in Lisbon, Portugal 🇵🇹 | Dedicated to innovation and staying ahead with the latest in tech! Location Lisbon Education Computer science Work Software engineer Joined Mar 11, 2020 • Jan 31 '24 • Edited on Jan 31 • Edited Dropdown menu Copy link Hide After your post I discovered this link: This one 🤛 Also have nice suggestions. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Mihnea Simian Mihnea Simian Mihnea Simian Follow Writing mostly about the journey of a Chapter Lead: leading a team of 9 development engineers in 5 squads for 5yrs+ Before this, I was myself an individual contributor, skilled in Python and Frontend. Location Bucharest, Romania Education BSc Computer Science & MBM Business Management Pronouns he/him Work Chapter Lead ING Bank RO Joined Jul 10, 2022 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide DEV Community Caption Contest - wait, what contest? :D I answered some "Caption This!" posts with, what I thought, were cracking captions, but gave up since there isn't much action over there. Thanks for the list! Finally a useful listicle. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide As I said, DEV team is trying to hide lots of things 🤣 I need that badge even though I can't crack good jokes. LOL! I'm really happy that you found this article useful. :D Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Thomas Bnt Follow French web developer mainly but touches everything. Volunteer admin mod here at DEV. I learn Nuxt at this moment and databases. — Addict to Cappuccino and Music Location France Pronouns He/him Work IAM Consultant @ Ariovis Joined May 5, 2017 • Jan 31 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Awesome. Just awesome. You demonstrated all capacities of Forem/DEV, showed the part of Web Monetization and the POWER of RSS feeds . ✨💜 Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 1 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I wasn't going to include it since Coil discontinued their services. 🤣 But there are more payment providers, so I thought it was worth adding. RSS feeds want some "feed"-back humor! It is actually a handy feature, and can save a lot of trouble. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Follow Joined Feb 5, 2024 • Feb 5 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I joined DEV today and had previously not used any writing platforms such as Medium or Hashnode. This post has really helped me get started. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 5 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Woah! Welcome to the community :D I'm glad it was helpful. If you have any more questions, feel free to let me know, I'll be happy to help you anytime :) Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Follow Joined Feb 5, 2024 • Feb 8 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Sure! Want to start for real but not getting motivation. Can you let me know more about the content type people usually share on DEV. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 8 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide You can check out the Top 7 Posts of the last week . As you can see, the content is very different from each author. While people typically share technical content, you can share whatever you like. Whether it's tutorials, tips, career advice, technical content, real-life experiences, to lively discussions. It depends on you where you can provide the maximum value :) Starting is the main thing, just do it and eventually you will learn and grow by improving through feedback and structure. I'd love to read it! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Thread Thread Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Unnati Agarwal Follow Joined Feb 5, 2024 • Feb 9 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Thank you so much. Will be posting soon! Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Vin Cooper Vin Cooper Vin Cooper Follow TOP Newsmaker 2025 | Web3 analyst exploring blockchain infrastructure, token design, and ecosystem growth Joined Nov 28, 2023 • Feb 1 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide when I got to the point that tags are a very important part, my life changed for the better Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Email hi@anmolbaranwal.com Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 • Feb 1 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide Yeah! Tags are indeed important because everyone has their own set of reading preferences. DEV actually helps in that, and we can discover content that aligns with our interests more easily. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand BeacampHQ BeacampHQ BeacampHQ Follow Beacamp empowers professionals and newbies in Developer Relations (DevRel) and Marketing. Joined Jan 16, 2024 • Feb 6 '24 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide I didn't know some of these, thank you for sharing. Like comment: Like comment: 2 likes Like Comment button Reply View full discussion (38 comments) Some comments may only be visible to logged-in visitors. Sign in to view all comments. Some comments have been hidden by the post's author - find out more Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Anmol Baranwal Follow Technical writer (1.5M+ reads) • Open Source developer Everything about me at "https://anmolbaranwal.com" Email for collab Location India Education Computer Science Work Technical Writer - open to opportunities Joined Oct 21, 2022 More from Anmol Baranwal 11 problems I have noticed building Agents (and fixes nobody talks about) # ai # programming # tutorial # agents 11 Powerful APIs for Your Next Project 🤯 # api # webdev # javascript # beginners Top 11 Document Parsing AI Tools for developers in 2025 # ai # tooling # beginners # webdev 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/rsionnach/shift-left-reliability-4poo | Shift-Left Reliability - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse Rob Fox Posted on Jan 12 Shift-Left Reliability # sre # devops # cicd # platformengineering We've become exceptionally good at incident response. Modern teams restore service quickly, run thoughtful postmortems, and hold themselves accountable through corrective actions. And yet… A team ships a change that passes every test, gets all the required approvals, and still brings down checkout for 47 minutes. The postmortem conclusion? "We should have known our latency SLO was already at 94% before deploying." Many postmortems point to the same root cause: changes we introduced ourselves. Not hardware failures. Not random outages. Just software behaving exactly as we told it to. We continue to treat reliability as something to evaluate once those changes are already live. This isn't a failure of tooling or process. It's a question of when we decide whether a system is ready. The paradox We've invested heavily in observing and responding to failure - better alerting, faster incident response, thorough postmortems. Teams care deeply about reliability and spend significant time optimizing how they respond to incidents. But when in a service's lifecycle are they supposed to define reliability? Where's the innovation that happens before deployment? Where reliability decisions actually happen today I've seen multiple teams running identical technology stacks with completely different SLOs, metrics, and alerts. Nobody told them what to implement, what's best-practice or how to tune their alerts. They want to be good reliability citizens, but getting from the theory in the handbook to putting that theory into practice is not straightforward. Services regularly move into production with SLOs being created months later - or never. Dashboards are missing, insufficient, or inconsistent. "Looks fine to me" during PR reviews. Tribal knowledge. Varying levels of understanding across teams. Reliability is fundamentally bespoke and ungoverned. That's the core issue. The missing layer GitHub gave us version control for code. Terraform gave us version control for infrastructure. Security has transformed with shift-left - finding flaws as code is written, not after deployment. We're still missing version control for reliability. We need a specification that defines requirements, validates them against reality, and generates the artifacts: dashboards, SLOs, alerts, escalation policies. If the specification is validated and the artifacts created, the same tool can check in real-time whether a service is in breach - and block high-risk deployments in CI/CD. What shift-left reliability actually means Shift-left reliability doesn't mean more alerts and dashboards, more postmortems or more people in the room. It means: Spec - Define reliability requirements as code before production deployment Validate - Test those requirements against reality Enforce - Gate deployments through CI/CD Engineers don't write PromQL or Grafana JSON - they declare intent, and reliability becomes deterministic. Outcomes are predictable, consistent, transparent, and follow best practice. An executable reliability contract Keep it simple. A team creates a service.yaml file with their reliability intent: name: payment-api tier: critical type: api team: payments dependencies: - postgresql - redis Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Here is a complete service.yaml example . Tooling validates metrics, SLOs, and error budgets then generates these artifacts automatically. This is the approach I am exploring with an open-source project called NthLayer. NthLayer runs in any CI/CD pipeline - GitHub Actions, ArgoCD, Jenkins, Tekton, GitLab CI. The goal isn't to be an inflexible blocker; it's visible risk and explicit decisions. Overrides are fine when they're intentional, logged, and owned. When a deployment is attempted, the specification is evaluated against reality: $ nthlayer check-deploy - service payment-api ERROR: Deployment blocked - availability SLO at 99.2% (target: 99.95%) - error budget exhausted: -47 minutes remaining - 3 P1 incidents in last 7 days Exit code: 2 (BLOCKED) Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Why now? SLOs have had 8+ years to mature and move from the Google SRE Handbook into mainstream practice. GitOps has normalized declarative configuration. Platform Engineering has matured as a discipline. The concepts are ready but the tooling has lagged behind. This is a deliberate shift in approach. Reliability is no longer up for debate during incidents. Services have defined owners with deterministic standards. We can stop reinventing the reliability wheel every time a new service is onboarded. If requirements change, update the service.yaml , run NthLayer and every service benefits from adopting the new standard. What this does not replace NthLayer doesn't replace service catalogs, developer portals, observability platforms, or incident management. It doesn't predict failures or eliminate human judgment. It's upstream of all these systems. The goal: a reliability specification, automated deployment gates and to reduce cognitive load to implement best practices. Open questions I don't have all the answers but two questions I keep returning to are: Contract Drift: What happens when the spec says 99.95% but reality has been 99.5% for months? Is the contract wrong, or is the service broken? Emergency Overrides: How should they work? Who approves? How do you prevent them from becoming the default? The timing problem Where do reliability decisions actually happen in your organization? What would it look like to decide readiness before deployment? What reliability rules do you wish you could enforce automatically? The timing problem isn't going away. The only question is whether you address it before deployment - or learn about it in the postmortem. NthLayer is open source and looking for early adopters. If you're tired of reliability being an afterthought: pip install nthlayer nthlayer init nthlayer check-deploy --service your-service Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode → github.com/rsionnach/nthlayer Star the repo, open an issue, or tell me I'm wrong. I want to hear how reliability decisions happen in your organization. Rob Fox is a Senior Site Reliability Engineer focused on platform and reliability tooling. He's exploring how reliability engineering can move earlier in the software delivery lifecycle. Find him on GitHub . Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse Rob Fox Follow Sr Site Reliability Engineer. Building NthLayer, an open-source tool for shift-left reliability. Opinions are my own. github.com/rsionnach Location Dublin, Ireland Joined Jan 6, 2026 Trending on DEV Community Hot The First Week at a Startup Taught Me More Than I Expected # startup # beginners # career # learning How I Built an AI Terraform Review Agent on Serverless AWS # aws # terraform # serverless # devops How to Crack Any Software Developer Interview in 2026 (Updated for AI & Modern Hiring) # softwareengineering # programming # career # interview 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/t/machinelearning/page/6 | Machine Learning Page 6 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Machine Learning Follow Hide A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the machine learning. Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Older #machinelearning posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu The Incomputability of Simple Learning Alex Towell Alex Towell Alex Towell Follow Jan 7 The Incomputability of Simple Learning # machinelearning # philosophy # ai # bitterlesson Comments Add Comment 10 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #107: Honest Report - System NOT Following Phil Town (Jan 7, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #107: Honest Report - System NOT Following Phil Town (Jan 7, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda likhitha manikonda Follow Jan 6 How to Evaluate ML Models Step by Step # ai # machinelearning # beginners # programming Comments Add Comment 5 min read "LLMs Can Do Everything": Autopsy of a Myth Mickaël Andrieu Mickaël Andrieu Mickaël Andrieu Follow Jan 6 "LLMs Can Do Everything": Autopsy of a Myth # machinelearning # datascience # python # ai Comments Add Comment 7 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye Traditional Attention?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye Traditional Attention?) # ai # machinelearning # python # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Is New. Quality Debt Is Not. Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Adnan Arif Follow Jan 7 AI Is New. Quality Debt Is Not. # ai # machinelearning # technology Comments Add Comment 4 min read LLMs for Classification: One Example is All You Need Mickaël Andrieu Mickaël Andrieu Mickaël Andrieu Follow Jan 6 LLMs for Classification: One Example is All You Need # machinelearning # datascience # python # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #095: Daily Trading Workflow Failure (Jan 7, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #095: Daily Trading Workflow Failure (Jan 7, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #094: Daily Trading Workflow Not Triggering (Jan 7, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #094: Daily Trading Workflow Not Triggering (Jan 7, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Anthropic Let Claude Run a Real Business. It Went Bankrupt. Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 Anthropic Let Claude Run a Real Business. It Went Bankrupt. # ai # machinelearning # anthropic # automation Comments Add Comment 2 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) # ai # machinelearning # research # python Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Roboflow Universe Search Agent: Automating ML Model Discovery Sumit Sapkota Sumit Sapkota Sumit Sapkota Follow Jan 5 Building a Roboflow Universe Search Agent: Automating ML Model Discovery # showdev # automation # machinelearning # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read Understanding Python Virtual Environments: Why Every Python Developer Needs Them Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Follow Jan 6 Understanding Python Virtual Environments: Why Every Python Developer Needs Them # machinelearning # mlzoomcamp # python Comments Add Comment 3 min read From Paper Policies to Intelligent Platforms: Insurance’s Digital Reset Paridhi Purohit Paridhi Purohit Paridhi Purohit Follow Jan 6 From Paper Policies to Intelligent Platforms: Insurance’s Digital Reset # ai # datascience # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #095: Trading Workflow Regression - Jan 7, 2026 Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #095: Trading Workflow Regression - Jan 7, 2026 # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #093: CI Triggering Blocked Without GitHub PAT (Jan 7, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #093: CI Triggering Blocked Without GitHub PAT (Jan 7, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Chain Rule in Machine Learning: A Simple Walkthrough Rijul Rajesh Rijul Rajesh Rijul Rajesh Follow Jan 5 Chain Rule in Machine Learning: A Simple Walkthrough # machinelearning 15 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 5 TTT-E2E: The AI Model That Learns While It Reads (Goodbye KV Cache?) # ai # machinelearning # python # research Comments Add Comment 2 min read Mixture of Experts (MoE) Gideon Onyewuenyi Gideon Onyewuenyi Gideon Onyewuenyi Follow Jan 5 Mixture of Experts (MoE) # ai # agents # machinelearning # moe Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 0 (Planning): Building my personal AI assistant that runs locally. Prakhar Khandelwal Prakhar Khandelwal Prakhar Khandelwal Follow Jan 6 Day 0 (Planning): Building my personal AI assistant that runs locally. # ai # machinelearning # llm 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How GeoAI Unravels Earth’s Secrets: A Deep Exploration Koushik Vishal Annamalai Koushik Vishal Annamalai Koushik Vishal Annamalai Follow Jan 5 How GeoAI Unravels Earth’s Secrets: A Deep Exploration # ai # machinelearning # python # gis Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Production-Ready Traffic Violation Detection System with Computer Vision Harris Bashir Harris Bashir Harris Bashir Follow Jan 11 Building a Production-Ready Traffic Violation Detection System with Computer Vision # computervision # machinelearning # ai # dataengineering 6 reactions Comments 2 comments 3 min read Understanding the Dataset Behind a Fraud Detection Model Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Follow Jan 6 Understanding the Dataset Behind a Fraud Detection Model # mlzoomcamp # datascience # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #093: Google Recommender CAV Not Useful for Trading Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 7 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #093: Google Recommender CAV Not Useful for Trading # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a Fraud Detection Model: My Experience as a Data Scientist Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Kenechukwu Anoliefo Follow Jan 6 Building a Fraud Detection Model: My Experience as a Data Scientist # career # datascience # machinelearning # mlzoomcamp Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu 10 Proven Ways to Cut Your AWS Bill Nikola Roganovic Nikola Roganovic Nikola Roganovic Follow Jan 10 10 Proven Ways to Cut Your AWS Bill # aws # devops # cloud # sre 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS DevOps Agent Prithvi Kumar Detne Prithvi Kumar Detne Prithvi Kumar Detne Follow Jan 11 AWS DevOps Agent # aws # devops # sre Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Cheat Sheet Varalakshmi Varalakshmi Varalakshmi Follow Jan 10 AWS Cheat Sheet # aws # beginners # cloud Comments Add Comment 1 min read Amazon EKS From The Ground Up - Part 2: Worker Nodes with AWS Managed Nodes Phu Hoang Phu Hoang Phu Hoang Follow Jan 10 Amazon EKS From The Ground Up - Part 2: Worker Nodes with AWS Managed Nodes # aws # eks # devops Comments Add Comment 8 min read Architect's Compass: Building a Data-Driven Trade-off Engine with AWS Kiro Shyamli Khadse Shyamli Khadse Shyamli Khadse Follow Jan 10 Architect's Compass: Building a Data-Driven Trade-off Engine with AWS Kiro # aws # tooling # architecture # productivity Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Development Environment Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Follow Jan 10 AWS Development Environment # architecture # aws # security Comments Add Comment 3 min read Compute options for Developers Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Follow Jan 10 Compute options for Developers # architecture # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS VPC Peering Using Terraform: A Complete Multi-Region Hands-On Guide Amit Kushwaha Amit Kushwaha Amit Kushwaha Follow Jan 10 AWS VPC Peering Using Terraform: A Complete Multi-Region Hands-On Guide # devops # aws # cloud # git Comments Add Comment 8 min read 🚀 AWS 131: Scalable Data - Provisioning Private RDS with Storage Autoscaling Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 11 🚀 AWS 131: Scalable Data - Provisioning Private RDS with Storage Autoscaling # aws # rds # mysql # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 38: Deploying Containerized Applications with Amazon ECS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 37: Managing EC2 Access with S3 Role-based Permissions # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Hosting a React App on AWS S3 in 5 minutes. Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 10 Hosting a React App on AWS S3 in 5 minutes. # aws # react # s3 # webdev Comments Add Comment 1 min read Getting Started with Amazon CloudWatch for Beginners Gayatri Sonawane Gayatri Sonawane Gayatri Sonawane Follow Jan 9 Getting Started with Amazon CloudWatch for Beginners # aws # beginners # devops # monitoring Comments Add Comment 1 min read Serverless PDF-to-Speech Narrator on AWS (Textract + Polly) AKASH S AKASH S AKASH S Follow Jan 10 Serverless PDF-to-Speech Narrator on AWS (Textract + Polly) # webdev # ai # tutorial # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read Testing VPC connectivity - A quick hands-on Jeya Shri Jeya Shri Jeya Shri Follow Jan 10 Testing VPC connectivity - A quick hands-on # cloud # aws # vpc # beginners Comments Add Comment 2 min read Launching EC2 instances within a VPC (along with Wizard) Jeya Shri Jeya Shri Jeya Shri Follow Jan 10 Launching EC2 instances within a VPC (along with Wizard) # beginners # cloud # aws # vpc Comments Add Comment 3 min read Why I Started Learning AWS Alongside Generative AI Syed Asif Akhtar Syed Asif Akhtar Syed Asif Akhtar Follow Jan 10 Why I Started Learning AWS Alongside Generative AI # aws # cloud # beginners # genai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day-31 Kubernetes Hit Me Hard Today: RBAC, CRDs, and Imposter Syndrome Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Jayanth Dasari Follow Jan 9 Day-31 Kubernetes Hit Me Hard Today: RBAC, CRDs, and Imposter Syndrome # kubernetes # docker # devops # aws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 10 Day 36: Load Balancing EC2 Instances with Application Load Balancer # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Building a Multi-Account CloudWatch Dashboard That Actually Works Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Follow Jan 9 Building a Multi-Account CloudWatch Dashboard That Actually Works # aws # cloudwatch # monitoring # sre 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder lihaong lihaong lihaong Follow Jan 9 Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder # aws # awsbudget # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Orphaned EBS Volumes Costing You $$$? Rick Wise Rick Wise Rick Wise Follow Jan 9 Orphaned EBS Volumes Costing You $$$? # aws # cloud # devops # costsaving Comments Add Comment 1 min read Listing IAM Roles for Your Current AWS Account Toru Takahashi Toru Takahashi Toru Takahashi Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 10 Listing IAM Roles for Your Current AWS Account # aws # iam # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read De Localhost a Escala Global: Una Estrategia de Arquitectura AWS para Emprendedores en Latinoamérica Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Follow Jan 9 De Localhost a Escala Global: Una Estrategia de Arquitectura AWS para Emprendedores en Latinoamérica # aws # arequipa # peru # emprender Comments Add Comment 18 min read Help me, Localstack. You're my only hope. KILLALLSKYWALKER KILLALLSKYWALKER KILLALLSKYWALKER Follow Jan 11 Help me, Localstack. You're my only hope. # localstack # aws # terraform Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How I Passed the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner in 24 Days (For Free) Adedoyin Adedoyin Adedoyin Follow Jan 5 How I Passed the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner in 24 Days (For Free) # aws # awscloudpractitioner # cloudcertification # examprep Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-Augmented Cloud Operations Abhijeet Yadav Abhijeet Yadav Abhijeet Yadav Follow Jan 7 AI-Augmented Cloud Operations # aws # serverless # aiops # automation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 7 Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read What I Learned Deploying a Java Application on AWS Using a 3-Tier Architecture Miracle Olorunsola Miracle Olorunsola Miracle Olorunsola Follow Jan 7 What I Learned Deploying a Java Application on AWS Using a 3-Tier Architecture # devops # aws # cicd 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read Runtime 0.3.0: The Unified Serverless Framework for TypeScript Raman Marozau Raman Marozau Raman Marozau Follow Jan 7 Runtime 0.3.0: The Unified Serverless Framework for TypeScript # aws # react # serverless # typescript Comments Add Comment 4 min read Key DevOps Career Lessons from an Industry Session at NetSol M. Ibtsam M. Ibtsam M. Ibtsam Follow Jan 5 Key DevOps Career Lessons from an Industry Session at NetSol # devops # cloudcomputing # aws # techcareers Comments Add Comment 2 min read Composite SLOs for Serverless Event-Driven Systems Nabin Debnath Nabin Debnath Nabin Debnath Follow Jan 5 Composite SLOs for Serverless Event-Driven Systems # devops # serverless # observability # aws 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read 7 Best Resources to Learn Cloud Computing in 2026 Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Jan 7 7 Best Resources to Learn Cloud Computing in 2026 # webdev # cloudcomputing # aws # cloud 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Building a Production-Ready AWS ALB + Auto Scaling Architecture Using Terraform manoop madhu manoop madhu manoop madhu Follow Jan 5 Building a Production-Ready AWS ALB + Auto Scaling Architecture Using Terraform # architecture # aws # devops # terraform Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS, Vault Integration Tabasum Khan Tabasum Khan Tabasum Khan Follow Jan 5 AWS, Vault Integration # aws # vault Comments Add Comment 2 min read Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo Follow Jan 5 Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events # aws # awshealth # sqs # eventbridge Comments Add Comment 3 min read How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy N Chandra Prakash Reddy Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 How Serverless & Community Can Transform Your Career # aws # serverless # productivity # lambda 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read DEV Track Spotlight: Breakout Sessions & Code Talks from AWS re:Invent 2025 Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Gunnar Grosch Follow for AWS Jan 5 DEV Track Spotlight: Breakout Sessions & Code Talks from AWS re:Invent 2025 # aws # ai # serverless # reinvent Comments Add Comment 11 min read Public vs Private Subnets in AWS - What Finally Made It Click for Me Nirmal Mahale Nirmal Mahale Nirmal Mahale Follow Jan 6 Public vs Private Subnets in AWS - What Finally Made It Click for Me # aws # cloudsecurity # networking # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS IAM Security: A Practical Guide That Actually Works in Production Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Follow Jan 10 AWS IAM Security: A Practical Guide That Actually Works in Production # aws # security # cloud # iam 4 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read [AI-Powered ASL Communication App] - Part 1: Cost-Effective Sign Detection Model Training on AWS EKS Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Ooi Yee Fei Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 3 [AI-Powered ASL Communication App] - Part 1: Cost-Effective Sign Detection Model Training on AWS EKS # aws # programming # ai # machinelearning 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 4 min read How AWS GenAI Is Reshaping Business Models Across Sectors Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Cygnet.One Follow Jan 6 How AWS GenAI Is Reshaping Business Models Across Sectors # ai # aws # leadership Comments Add Comment 7 min read CineDB: Building a Movie Catalog with DocumentDB 📽️ Khushi Nandwani Khushi Nandwani Khushi Nandwani Follow Jan 5 CineDB: Building a Movie Catalog with DocumentDB 📽️ # aws # database # mongodb # tutorial Comments Add Comment 8 min read Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo Follow Jan 5 Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events # aws # awshealth # sqs # eventbridge Comments Add Comment 3 min read Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo nithish rodrigo Follow Jan 5 Automated Jira Ticket Creation for AWS EC2 Scheduled Events # aws # awshealth # sqs # eventbridge Comments Add Comment 3 min read Cache Layers vs Storage Classes for Performance Mathew Pregasen Mathew Pregasen Mathew Pregasen Follow Jan 6 Cache Layers vs Storage Classes for Performance # aws # cloud # performance # devops Comments Add Comment 4 min read BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 1) Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Jan 10 BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 1) # terraform # aws # aurora # devops Comments Add Comment 8 min read ☁️ What If I Move to the Cloud? Part 1 – What Is This Cloud, Really? Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Venkata Pavan Vishnu Rachapudi Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 10 ☁️ What If I Move to the Cloud? Part 1 – What Is This Cloud, Really? # aws # azure # gcp # oracle 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS Cost Optimization Hub Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 5 AWS Cost Optimization Hub # aws # finops # costoptimization Comments Add Comment 2 min read Terraform Provisioners - local-exec, remote-exec & file. Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Follow Jan 6 Terraform Provisioners - local-exec, remote-exec & file. # terraform # devops # cloud # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci/comments/1qawqhd/github_hn4_hydranexus_4_storage_allocator/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> Go to compsci r/compsci • Afraid-Technician-74 GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator r/osdev • GitHub - hn4-dev/hn4 comments Share New to Reddit? Create your account and connect with a world of communities. Continue with Email Continue With Phone Number By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy . Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 0 0 Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. All rights reserved. Expand Navigation Collapse Navigation | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/MachineLearning Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/MachineLearning members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights [D] Self-Promotion Thread :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments [D] Monthly Who's Hiring and Who wants to be Hired? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation u/KelynPaul • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation Discussion After 8 years building production ML systems (in data quality, entity resolution, diagnostics), I keep running into the same problem: Models with great offline metrics fail in production because they learn correlations, not causal mechanisms. I just started a 5-part series on building causal ML systems on the NeoForge Labs research blog. Part 1 covers: Why correlation fails - The ice cream/drowning example, but with real production failures Pearl's Ladder of Causation - Association, Intervention, Counterfactuals Practical implications - When does this actually matter? Case study - Plant disease diagnosis (correlation vs. causal approach) Key insight: Your model can predict disease with 90% accuracy but still give recommendations that make things worse. Because prediction ≠ intervention. The series builds up to implementing a full causal inference system using DoWhy, with counterfactual reasoning and intervention optimization. Link (free to read): https://blog.neoforgelabs.tech/why-causality-matters-for-ai ( Also available on Medium for members ) Next parts: - Part 2 (Wed): Building Causal DAGs - Part 3 (Fri): Counterfactual Reasoning - Parts 4-5 (next week): Interventions + Distributed Systems Would love to hear your thoughts, especially if you've dealt with distribution shift, confounding, or intervention prediction in production. Questions I'm exploring: - When is causal inference overkill vs. essential? - What's the practical overhead of DAG construction? - How do you validate causal assumptions? Happy to discuss in the comments! Ilya Sutskever is puzzled by the gap between AI benchmarks and the economic impact [D] u/we_are_mammals • Ilya Sutskever is puzzled by the gap between AI benchmarks and the economic impact [D] Discussion In a recent interview, Ilya Sutskever said: This is one of the very confusing things about the models right now. How to reconcile the fact that they are doing so well on evals... And you look at the evals and you go "Those are pretty hard evals"... They are doing so well! But the economic impact seems to be dramatically behind. I'm sure Ilya is familiar with the idea of "leakage", and he's still puzzled. So how do you explain it? Edit: GPT-5.2 Thinking scored 70% on GDPval, meaning it outperformed industry professionals on economically valuable, well-specified knowledge work spanning 44 occupations. [D] What are the must-have books for graduate students/researchers in Machine Learning; especially for Dynamical Systems, Neural ODEs/PDEs/SDEs, and PINNs? u/cutie_roasty • [D] What are the must-have books for graduate students/researchers in Machine Learning; especially for Dynamical Systems, Neural ODEs/PDEs/SDEs, and PINNs? Discussion I’m a graduate student working in machine learning and dynamical systems , and I’m trying to build a solid foundation (and bookshelf!) for deeper study and research. I’d love to hear what books people here consider essential or transformative when it comes to understanding both the theoretical and applied sides of ML. I’m especially interested in recommendations that cover topics like: Neural ODEs/PDEs/SDEs Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) Dynamical systems modeling and simulations with ML Applied mathematics approaches to deep learning That said, I’d also appreciate more general ML “classics” that every researcher should be familiar with — from theory to implementation. If you’ve gone through a grad or research path in this area, what books (or maybe lecture notes, monographs, or papers) were game-changers for you? Would also love to hear why you’d recommend a particular book — e.g., clarity, depth, or practical usefulness. Thanks in advance! Hoping this thread can help others building a focused reading list too. Created Jul 29, 2009 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 123K 1K r/MachineLearning Rules 1 No Spam r/MachineLearning has held a long-standing, strict policy on spam. The posts deemed to be spam will be removed, and repeat offenders will be permanently banned from participating in the subreddit. 2 No Self-Promotion r/MachineLearning does not permit the promotion of paid products, wherein the intent is clearly to promote a particular product. However, posts with links to paid products are acceptable, contingent on the fact that the post offers sufficient value to the community members and the intent is to share a resource or collect feedback for an open-dialogue. The decision will be made entirely at the discretion of the moderator team. 3 No Marketing Campaigns (SEO) r/MachineLearning strictly prohibits strategic marketing campaigns targeted at community members, and posts intended to rank for SEO purposes. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci#main-content | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights PSA: This is not r/Programming. Quick Clarification on the guidelines :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation u/KelynPaul • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation r/MachineLearning • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation After 8 years building production ML systems (in data quality, entity resolution, diagnostics), I keep running into the same problem: Models with great offline metrics fail in production because they learn correlations, not causal mechanisms. I just started a 5-part series on building causal ML systems on the NeoForge Labs research blog. Part 1 covers: Why correlation fails - The ice cream/drowning example, but with real production failures Pearl's Ladder of Causation - Association, Intervention, Counterfactuals Practical implications - When does this actually matter? Case study - Plant disease diagnosis (correlation vs. causal approach) Key insight: Your model can predict disease with 90% accuracy but still give recommendations that make things worse. Because prediction ≠ intervention. The series builds up to implementing a full causal inference system using DoWhy, with counterfactual reasoning and intervention optimization. Link (free to read): https://blog.neoforgelabs.tech/why-causality-matters-for-ai ( Also available on Medium for members ) Next parts: - Part 2 (Wed): Building Causal DAGs - Part 3 (Fri): Counterfactual Reasoning - Parts 4-5 (next week): Interventions + Distributed Systems Would love to hear your thoughts, especially if you've dealt with distribution shift, confounding, or intervention prediction in production. Questions I'm exploring: - When is causal inference overkill vs. essential? - What's the practical overhead of DAG construction? - How do you validate causal assumptions? Happy to discuss in the comments! upvotes · comments A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Doctor-Ugs • A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock https://milanrosko.com/typedrepair.html GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Afraid-Technician-74 • GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator r/osdev • GitHub - hn4-dev/hn4 https://github.com/hn4-dev/hn4 • comments Created Mar 24, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 45K 257 r/compsci Rules 1 Be on-topic This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application. 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Raphael Raphael Raphael Follow Jan 4 Did you know? # beginners # aws # cloud Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 33: Create a Lambda Function Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 33: Create a Lambda Function # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Calculadora de precios de AWS Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 4 Calculadora de precios de AWS # aws # finops Comments Add Comment 1 min read Lambda Tenant Isolation: A Major Upgrade for Multi-Tenant SaaS Ujjwal Sinha Ujjwal Sinha Ujjwal Sinha Follow Jan 3 Lambda Tenant Isolation: A Major Upgrade for Multi-Tenant SaaS # aws # lambda # lambdatenantisolation Comments Add Comment 3 min read Most Security Teams Can’t Scale Access Management Beyond 50 Employees - Here’s how to fix it Muh. Fani "Rama" Akbar Muh. Fani "Rama" Akbar Muh. 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https://www.reddit.com/user/JadeLuxe/ | Reddit - Prove your humanity <image id="image0_824_3884" width="2048" height="2048" 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| 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://future.forem.com/privacy | Privacy Policy - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close Privacy Policy Last Updated: September 01, 2023 This Privacy Policy is designed to help you understand how DEV Community Inc. (" DEV ," " we ," or " us ") collects, use, and discloses your personal information. What's With the Defined Terms? You'll notice that some words appear in quotes in this Privacy Policy. They're called "defined terms," and we use them so that we don't have to repeat the same language again and again. They mean the same thing in every instance, to help us make sure that this Privacy Policy is consistent. We've included the defined terms throughout because we want it to be easy for you to read them in context. 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION 11. OTHER PROVISIONS 12. CONTACT US 1. WHAT DOES THIS PRIVACY POLICY APPLY TO? This Privacy Policy applies to personal information processed by us, including on our websites, mobile applications, and other online or offline offerings — basically anything we do. To make this Privacy Policy easier to read, our websites, mobile applications, and other offerings are all collectively called the " Services. " Beyond this Privacy Policy, your use of the Services is subject to our DEV Community Terms and our Forem Terms. The Services include both our own community forum at https://www.dev.to (the " DEV Community ") and the open source tool we provide called " Forem ," available at https://www.forem.com which allows our customers to create and operate their own online forums. We collect personal information from two categories of people: (1) our customers, who use Forem and our hosting services to run and host their own forums (we'll call them " Forem Operators "), and (2) the people who interact with DEV-hosted forums, including forums provided by Forem Operators utilizing Forem and separately our own DEV Community (we'll call them " Users "). An Important Note for Users Since we provide hosting services for Forem Operators, technically we also process your information on their behalf. That processing is governed by the contracts that we have in place with each Forem Operator, not this Privacy Policy. In other words, when you share your data on a DEV-hosted forum operated by a Forem Operator, we at DEV are basically just the "pipes" — we process the data on behalf of the Forem Operator, but don't do anything with it ourselves beyond what we're required to do under our contract (and by law). So, if you post your information on a DEV-powered forum provided by a Forem Operator, that Forem Operator's privacy policy applies, and any questions or requests relating to your data on that service should be directed to that Forem Operator, not us. Likewise, if you use our mobile application, you may also interact with forums that use DEV's open-source tools but do all their hosting and data collection themselves. For those forums, we at DEV have no access to your data, so be sure to read the privacy policy of any third-party hosted forum before posting. 2. PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT The categories of personal information we collect depend on whether you're a User or Forem Operator, how you interact with us, our Services, and the requirements of applicable law. Breaking it down, we collect three types of information: (1) information that you provide to us directly, (2) information we obtain automatically when you use our Services, and (3) information we get about you from other sources (such as third-party services and organizations). More details are below. A. Information You Provide to Us Directly We may collect the following personal information that you provide to us. Account Creation (for Forem Operators): We'll require your name and email address to get started, as well as some details about the Forem you want to run, such as: whether you're running the Forem on your own behalf or as part of an organization, and details about the community you want to support (how big is it, what topics does it cover, where do members currently communicate, how/if the community earns money, whether the community is open, invite-only or paid, any existing social media accounts, etc.) You'll need to tell us a bit about your personal coding background, and you'll have the option to provide your DEV username as well, if you are a member of the DEV.to community. Account Creation (for Users) : We collect name and email address from users that create an account on DEV Community. For other forums created by Forem Operators using Forem, the Forem Operator determines what information is required for User account creation for their respective forums. Interactive Features (for Users) . Like any other social network, both we and other Users of our Services may collect personal information that you submit or make available through our interactive features (e.g., messaging and chat features, commenting functionalities, forums, blogs, posts, and other social media pages). While we do have private messages that are only between you and the person you're messaging (as well as us and the Forem Operator, as applicable), any information you provide using the public sharing features of the Services, such as the information you post to your public profile or the topics you follow is public, including to recruiters and prospective employers, and is not subject to any of the privacy protections we mention in this Privacy Policy except where legally required. Please exercise caution before revealing any information that may identify you in the real world to others. Purchases . If you buy stuff on our shop site https://shop.dev.to/ (as either a User or Forem Operator), or otherwise if you pay us in connection with your use of the Forem service, we may collect personal information and details associated with your purchases, including payment information. Any payments made via our Services are processed by third-party payment processors, such as Stripe, Shopify, and PayPal. We do not directly collect or store any payment card information entered through our Services, but may receive information associated with your payment card information (e.g., your billing details). Your Communications with Us (Users and Forem Operators) . We may collect personal information, such as email address, phone number, or mailing address when you request information about our Services, register for our newsletter or loyalty program, request customer or technical support, apply for a job, or otherwise communicate with us. Surveys . We may contact you to participate in surveys. If you decide to participate, you may be asked to provide certain information, which may include personal information (for example, your home address). Sweepstakes or Contests . We may collect personal information you provide for any sweepstakes or contests that we offer. In some jurisdictions, we are required to publicly share information of sweepstakes and contest winners. Conferences, Trade Shows, and Other Events . We may collect personal information from individuals when we attend conferences, trade shows, and other events. Business Development and Strategic Partnerships . We may collect personal information from individuals and third parties to assess and pursue potential business opportunities. Job Applications . We may post job openings and opportunities on our Services. If you reply to one of these postings by submitting your application, CV and/or cover letter to us, we will collect and use your information to assess your qualifications. B. Information Collected Automatically We may collect personal information automatically when you use our Services: Automatic Data Collection . We may collect certain information automatically when you use our Services, such as your Internet protocol (IP) address, user settings, MAC address, cookie identifiers, mobile carrier, mobile advertising and other unique identifiers, browser or device information, location information (including approximate location derived from IP address), and Internet service provider. We may also automatically collect information regarding your use of our Services, such as pages that you visit before, during and after using our Services, information about the links you click, the types of content you interact with, the frequency and duration of your activities, and other information about how you use our Services. In addition, we may collect information that other people provide about you when they use our Services, including information about you when they tag you in their posts. Cookies, Pixel Tags/Web Beacons, and Other Technologies . We, as well as third parties that provide content, advertising, or other functionality on our Services, may use cookies, pixel tags, local storage, and other technologies (" Technologies ") to automatically collect information through your use of our Services. Cookies . Cookies are small text files placed in device browsers that store preferences and facilitate and enhance your experience. Pixel Tags/Web Beacons . A pixel tag (also known as a web beacon) is a piece of code embedded in our Services that collects information about engagement on our Services. The use of a pixel tag allows us to record, for example, that a user has visited a particular web page or clicked on a particular advertisement. We may also include web beacons in e-mails to understand whether messages have been opened, acted on, or forwarded. Our uses of these Technologies fall into the following general categories: Operationally Necessary . This includes Technologies that allow you access to our Services, applications, and tools that are required to identify irregular website behavior, prevent fraudulent activity and improve security or that allow you to make use of our functionality. Performance-Related . We may use Technologies to assess the performance of our Services, including as part of our analytic practices to help us understand how individuals use our Services ( see Analytics below ). Functionality-Related . We may use Technologies that allow us to offer you enhanced functionality when accessing or using our Services. This may include identifying you when you sign into our Services or keeping track of your specified preferences, interests, or past items viewed. Analytics . We may use Technologies and other third-party tools to process analytics information on our Services. Some of our analytics partners include Google Analytics. For more information,please visit Google Analytics' Privacy Policy . To learn more about how to opt-out of Google Analytics' use of your information, please click here . Social Media Platforms . Our Services may contain social media buttons such as Twitter, Facebook, GitHub, Instagram, and Twitch (that might include widgets such as the "share this" button or other interactive mini programs). These features may collect your IP address, which page you are visiting on our Services, and may set a cookie to enable the feature to function properly. Your interactions with these platforms are governed by the privacy policy of the company providing it. See the "Your Privacy Choices and Rights" section below to understand your choices regarding these Technologies. C. Information Collected from Other Sources We may obtain information about you from other sources, including through third-party services and organizations. For example, if you access our Services through a third-party application, such as an app store, a third-party login service (e.g., through Twitter, Apple, or GitHub), or a social networking site, we may collect whatever information about you from that third-party application that you have made available via your privacy settings. 3. HOW WE USE YOUR INFORMATION We use your information for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, for administrative purposes, and to market our products and Services, as described below. A. Provide Our Services We use your information to fulfill our contract with you and provide you with our Services, such as: Managing your information and accounts; Providing access to certain areas, functionalities, and features of our Services; Answering requests for customer or technical support; Communicating with you about your account, activities on our Services, and policy changes; Processing your financial information and other payment methods for products or Services purchased; Processing applications if you apply for a job we post on our Services; and Allowing you to register for events. B. Administrative Purposes We use your information for various administrative purposes, such as: Pursuing our legitimate interests such as direct marketing, research and development (including marketing research), network and information security, and fraud prevention; Detecting security incidents, protecting against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent or illegal activity, and prosecuting those responsible for that activity; Measuring interest and engagement in our Services, including for usage-based billing purposes; Short-term, transient use, such as contextual customization of ads; Improving, optimizing, upgrading, or enhancing our Services; Developing new products and Services; Ensuring internal quality control and safety; Authenticating and verifying individual identities, including requests to exercise your rights under this policy; Debugging to identify and repair errors with our Services; Auditing relating to interactions, transactions and other compliance activities; Enforcing our agreements and policies; and Complying with our legal obligations. C. Marketing and Advertising our Products and Services We may use your personal information to tailor and provide you with content and advertisements for our Services, such as via email. If you have any questions about our marketing practices, you may contact us at any time as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. D. Other Purposes We also use your information for other purposes as requested by you or as permitted by applicable law. Consent . We may use personal information for other purposes that are clearly disclosed to you at the time you provide personal information or with your consent. Automated Decision Making. We may engage in automated decision making, including profiling, such as to suggest topics or other Users for you to follow. DEV's processing of your personal information will not result in a decision based solely on automated processing that significantly affects you unless such a decision is necessary as part of a contract we have with you, we have your consent, or we are permitted by law to engage in such automated decision making. If you have questions about our automated decision making, you may contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. De-identified and Aggregated Information . We may use personal information and other information about you to create de-identified and/or aggregated information, such as de-identified demographic information, information about the device from which you access our Services, or other analyses we create. For example, we may collect system-wide information to ensure availability of the platform, or measure aggregate data trends to analyze and optimize our Services. Share Content with Friends or Colleagues. Our Services may offer various tools and functionalities. For example, we may allow you to provide information about your friends through our referral services. Our referral services may allow you to forward or share certain content with a friend or colleague, such as an email inviting your friend to use our Services. Please only share with us contact information of people with whom you have a relationship (e.g., relative, friend neighbor, or co-worker). 4. HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR INFORMATION We disclose your information to third parties for a variety of business purposes, including to provide our Services, to protect us or others, or in the event of a major business transaction such as a merger, sale, or asset transfer, as described below. A. Disclosures to Provide our Services The categories of third parties with whom we may share your information are described below. Service Providers . We may share your personal information with our third-party service providers who use that information to help us provide our Services. This includes service providers that provide us with IT support, hosting, payment processing, customer service, and related services. For example, our Shop site is run by Shopify, who handle your shipping details on our behalf. Business Partners . We may share your personal information with business partners to provide you with a product or service you have requested. We may also share your personal information to business partners with whom we jointly offer products or services. Other Users . As described above in the "Personal Information We Collect" section of this Privacy Policy, our Service allows Users to share their profiles, and any posts, chats, etc. with other Users and with the general public, including to those who do not use our Services. APIs/SDKs . We may use third-party Application Program Interfaces ("APIs") and Software Development Kits ("SDKs") as part of the functionality of our Services. For more information about our use of APIs and SDKs, please contact us as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below. B . Disclosures to Protect Us or Others We may access, preserve, and disclose any information we store associated with you to external parties if we, in good faith, believe doing so is required or appropriate to: comply with law enforcement or national security requests and legal process, such as a court order or subpoena; protect your, our, or others' rights, property, or safety; enforce our policies or contracts; collect amounts owed to us; or assist with an investigation or prosecution of suspected or actual illegal activity. C. Disclosure in the Event of Merger, Sale, or Other Asset Transfers If we are involved in a merger, acquisition, financing due diligence, reorganization, bankruptcy, receivership, purchase or sale of assets, or transition of service to another provider, your information may be sold or transferred as part of such a transaction, as permitted by law and/or contract. 5. YOUR PRIVACY CHOICES AND RIGHTS Your Privacy Choices . The privacy choices you may have about your personal information are determined by applicable law and are described below. Email Communications . If you receive an unwanted email from us, you can use the unsubscribe link found at the bottom of the email to opt out of receiving future emails. Note that you will continue to receive transaction-related emails regarding products or Services you have requested. We may also send you certain non-promotional communications regarding us and our Services, and you will not be able to opt out of those communications (e.g., communications regarding our Services or updates to our Terms or this Privacy Policy). Mobile Devices . We may send you push notifications through our mobile application. You may opt out from receiving these push notifications by changing the settings on your mobile device. "Do Not Track." Do Not Track (" DNT ") is a privacy preference that users can set in certain web browsers. Please note that we do not respond to or honor DNT signals or similar mechanisms transmitted by web browsers. Cookies and Interest-Based Advertising . You may stop or restrict the placement of Technologies on your device or remove them by adjusting your preferences as your browser or device permits. However, if you adjust your preferences, our Services may not work properly. Please note that cookie-based opt-outs are not effective on mobile applications. Please note you must separately opt out in each browser and on each device. Your Privacy Rights . In accordance with applicable law, you may have the right to: Access Personal Information about you, including: (i) confirming whether we are processing your personal information; (ii) obtaining access to or a copy of your personal information; Request Correction of your personal information where it is inaccurate, incomplete or outdated. In some cases, we may provide self-service tools that enable you to update your personal information; Request Deletion, Anonymization or Blocking of your personal information when processing is based on your consent or when processing is unnecessary, excessive or noncompliant; Request Restriction of or Object to our processing of your personal information when processing is noncompliant; Withdraw Your Consent to our processing of your personal information. If you refrain from providing personal information or withdraw your consent to processing, some features of our Service may not be available; Request Data Portability and Receive an Electronic Copy of Personal Information that You Have Provided to Us; Be Informed about third parties with which your personal information has been shared; and Request the Review of Decisions Taken Exclusively Based on Automated Processing if such decisions could affect your data subject rights. If you would like to exercise any of these rights, please contact us as set forth in "Contact Us" below. We will process such requests in accordance with applicable laws. 6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS All information processed by us may be transferred, processed, and stored anywhere in the world, including, but not limited to, the United States or other countries, which may have data protection laws that are different from the laws where you live. We always strive to safeguard your information consistent with the requirements of applicable laws. 7. RETENTION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION We store the personal information we collect as described in this Privacy Policy for as long as you use our Services or as necessary: to fulfill the purpose or purposes for which it was collected, to provide our Services, to resolve disputes, to establish legal defenses, to conduct audits, to pursue legitimate business purposes, to enforce our agreements, and to comply with applicable laws. 8. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS Refer-a-Friend and Similar Incentive Programs . As described above in the How We Use Your Personal Information section ("Share Content with Friends or Colleagues" subsection), we may offer referral programs or other incentivized data collection programs. For example, we may offer incentives to you such as discounts or promotional items or credit in connection with these programs, wherein you provide your personal information in exchange for a reward, or provide personal information regarding your friends or colleagues (such as their email address) and receive rewards when they sign up to use our Services. (The referred party may also receive rewards for signing up via your referral.) These programs are entirely voluntary and allow us to grow our business and provide additional benefits to you. The value of your data to us depends on how you ultimately use our Services, whereas the value of the referred party's data to us depends on whether the referred party ultimately becomes a User or Forem Operator and uses our Services. Said value will be reflected in the incentive offered in connection with each program. Accessibility . This Privacy Policy uses industry-standard technologies and was developed in line with the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, version 2.1* . * If you wish to print this policy, please do so from your web browser or by saving the page as a PDF. California Shine the Light . The California "Shine the Light" law permits users who are California residents to request and obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of the third parties to whom we have disclosed their personal information (if any) for their direct marketing purposes in the prior calendar year, as well as the type of personal information disclosed to those parties. Right for Minors to Remove Posted Content . Where required by law, California residents under the age of 18 may request to have their posted content or information removed from the publicly-viewable portions of the Services by contacting us directly as set forth in the "Contact Us" section below or by logging into their account and removing the content or information using our self-service tools. 9. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTICE FOR NEVADA RESIDENTS If you are a resident of Nevada, you have the right to opt-out of the sale of certain Personal Information to third parties who intend to license or sell that Personal Information. You can exercise this right by contacting us as set forth in the "Contact Us\" section below with the subject line "Nevada Do Not Sell Request" and providing us with your name and the email address associated with your account. Please note that we do not currently sell your Personal Information as sales are defined in Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 603A. If you have any questions, please contact us as set forth below. 10. CHILDREN'S INFORMATION The Services are not directed to children under 13 (or other age as required by local law), and we do not knowingly collect personal information from children. If you are a parent or guardian and believe your child has uploaded personal information to our site without your consent, you may contact us as described in the "Contact Us" section below. If we become aware that a child has provided us with personal information in violation of applicable law, we will delete any personal information we have collected, unless we have a legal obligation to keep it, and terminate the child's account if applicable. 11. OTHER PROVISIONS Third-Party Websites or Applications . The Services may contain links to other websites or applications, and other websites or applications may reference or link to our Services. These third-party services are not controlled by us. We encourage our users to read the privacy policies of each website and application with which they interact. We do not endorse, screen or approve, and are not responsible for, the privacy practices or content of such other websites or applications. Providing personal information to third-party websites or applications is at your own risk. Changes to Our Privacy Policy . We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time in our sole discretion. If there are any material changes to this Privacy Policy, we will notify you as required by applicable law. You understand and agree that you will be deemed to have accepted the updated Privacy Policy if you continue to use our Services after the new Privacy Policy takes effect. 12. 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https://future.forem.com/terms | Web Site Terms and Conditions of Use - Future Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account Future Close Web Site Terms and Conditions of Use 1. Terms By accessing this web site, you are agreeing to be bound by these web site Terms and Conditions of Use, our Privacy Policy , all applicable laws and regulations, and agree that you are responsible for compliance with any applicable local laws. If you do not agree with any of these terms, you are prohibited from using or accessing this site. The materials contained in this web site are protected by applicable copyright and trade mark law. 2. Use License Permission is granted to temporarily download one copy of the materials (information or software) on DEV Community's web site for personal, non-commercial transitory viewing only. This is the grant of a license, not a transfer of title, and under this license you may not: modify or copy the materials; use the materials for any commercial purpose, or for any public display (commercial or non-commercial); attempt to decompile or reverse engineer any software contained on DEV Community's web site; remove any copyright or other proprietary notations from the materials; or transfer the materials to another person or "mirror" the materials on any other server. This license shall automatically terminate if you violate any of these restrictions and may be terminated by DEV Community at any time. Upon terminating your viewing of these materials or upon the termination of this license, you must destroy any downloaded materials in your possession whether in electronic or printed format. 3. Disclaimer The materials on DEV Community's web site are provided "as is". DEV Community makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and hereby disclaims and negates all other warranties, including without limitation, implied warranties or conditions of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property or other violation of rights. Further, DEV Community does not warrant or make any representations concerning the accuracy, likely results, or reliability of the use of the materials on its Internet web site or otherwise relating to such materials or on any sites linked to this site. 4. Limitations In no event shall DEV Community or its suppliers be liable for any damages (including, without limitation, damages for loss of data or profit, or due to business interruption,) arising out of the use or inability to use the materials on DEV Community's Internet site, even if DEV Community or an authorized representative has been notified orally or in writing of the possibility of such damage. Because some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on implied warranties, or limitations of liability for consequential or incidental damages, these limitations may not apply to you. 5. Revisions and Errata The materials appearing on DEV Community's web site could include technical, typographical, or photographic errors. DEV Community does not warrant that any of the materials on its web site are accurate, complete, or current. DEV Community may make changes to the materials contained on its web site at any time without notice. DEV Community does not, however, make any commitment to update the materials. 6. Links DEV Community has not reviewed all of the sites linked to its Internet web site and is not responsible for the contents of any such linked site. The inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement by DEV Community of the site. Use of any such linked web site is at the user's own risk. 7. 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Site Terms of Use Modifications DEV Community may revise these terms of use for its web site at any time without notice. By using this web site you are agreeing to be bound by the then current version of these Terms and Conditions of Use. 9. DEV Community Trademarks and Logos Policy All uses of the DEV Community logo, DEV Community badges, brand slogans, iconography, and the like, may only be used with express permission from DEV Community. DEV Community reserves all rights, even if certain assets are included in DEV Community open source projects. Please contact support@dev.to with any questions or to request permission. 10. Reserved Names DEV Community has the right to maintain a list of reserved names which will not be made publicly available. These reserved names may be set aside for purposes of proactive trademark protection, avoiding user confusion, security measures, or any other reason (or no reason). Additionally, DEV Community reserves the right to change any already-claimed name at its sole discretion. In such cases, DEV Community will make reasonable effort to find a suitable alternative and assist with any transition-related concerns. 11. Content Policy The following policy applies to comments, articles, and all other works shared on the DEV Community platform: Users must make a good-faith effort to share content that is on-topic, of high-quality, and is not designed primarily for the purposes of promotion or creating backlinks. Posts must contain substantial content — they may not merely reference an external link that contains the full post. If a post contains affiliate links, that fact must be clearly disclosed. For instance, with language such as: “This post includes affiliate links; I may receive compensation if you purchase products or services from the different links provided in this article.” DEV Community reserves the right to remove any content that it deems to be in violation of this policy at its sole discretion. Additionally, DEV Community reserves the right to restrict any user’s ability to participate on the platform at its sole discretion. 12. Fees, Payment, Renewal Fees for Paid Services .Fees for Paid Services. Some of our Services may be offered for a fee (collectively, “Paid Services”). This section applies to any purchases of Paid Services. By using a Paid Service, you agree to pay the specified fees. Depending on the Paid Service, there may be different kinds of fees, for instance some that are one-time, recurring, and/or based on an advertising campaign budget that you set. 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General Terms and Conditions applicable to Use of a Web Site. 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV Future — News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Home About Contact Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . Future © 2025 - 2026. Stay on the cutting edge, and shape tomorrow Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:49 |
https://dev.to/t/machinelearning/page/4 | Machine Learning Page 4 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Machine Learning Follow Hide A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy. Create Post submission guidelines Articles and discussions should be directly related to the machine learning. Questions are encouraged! (See the #help tag) Older #machinelearning posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu When I Found a Flaw in Grok: Lessons on AI Security and Red Teams Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Lucas Matheus Follow Jan 9 When I Found a Flaw in Grok: Lessons on AI Security and Red Teams # ai # python # machinelearning # career Comments Add Comment 6 min read Unified Intelligence: Mastering the Azure Databricks and Azure Machine Learning Integration Jubin Soni Jubin Soni Jubin Soni Follow Jan 9 Unified Intelligence: Mastering the Azure Databricks and Azure Machine Learning Integration # azure # databricks # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 6 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #125: Stale Position Data Inconsistency (Jan 9, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 9 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #125: Stale Position Data Inconsistency (Jan 9, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Train Models. Ship Systems. Know the Difference. Vinicius Fagundes Vinicius Fagundes Vinicius Fagundes Follow Jan 9 Train Models. Ship Systems. Know the Difference. # datascience # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 9 min read IAM is Broken for AI Agents: Introducing Dynamic RBAC for Agentic Security Alessandro Pignati Alessandro Pignati Alessandro Pignati Follow Jan 9 IAM is Broken for AI Agents: Introducing Dynamic RBAC for Agentic Security # ai # agents # cybersecurity # machinelearning Comments 1 comment 4 min read The Ultimate AI Diet Agent: Syncing Real-Time Health Data with Local Supermarket Inventory using CrewAI Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Beck_Moulton Follow Jan 9 The Ultimate AI Diet Agent: Syncing Real-Time Health Data with Local Supermarket Inventory using CrewAI # ai # python # opensource # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🚀 My Journey into Data Science as a Student RAHUL CHAUHAN RAHUL CHAUHAN RAHUL CHAUHAN Follow Jan 9 🚀 My Journey into Data Science as a Student # programming # ai # python # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 1 min read It Works on My Machine (Learning): Bridging the Gap Between Notebooks and Production Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Best Tech Company Follow Jan 9 It Works on My Machine (Learning): Bridging the Gap Between Notebooks and Production # devops # machinelearning # python # softwareengineering Comments Add Comment 2 min read Cómo el código mata al misterio matemático en los Transformers Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Joaquin Jose del Cerro Murciano Follow Jan 9 Cómo el código mata al misterio matemático en los Transformers # spanish # ai # deeplearning # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 7 min read When Labels are Missing, Validation becomes the Real Problem codecraft codecraft codecraft Follow Jan 9 When Labels are Missing, Validation becomes the Real Problem # machinelearning # mlops # datascience # ai Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #120: Paper Trading Broken - Trust Crisis (Jan 9, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 9 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #120: Paper Trading Broken - Trust Crisis (Jan 9, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read How I Built an Offline-First RAG System That’s 10x Faster (at 19) Mounesh Kodi Mounesh Kodi Mounesh Kodi Follow Jan 9 How I Built an Offline-First RAG System That’s 10x Faster (at 19) # ai # machinelearning # python # opensource Comments Add Comment 5 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned: False PR Merge Claims - Took Credit for Auto-Merged Work Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 9 AI Trading: Lesson Learned: False PR Merge Claims - Took Credit for Auto-Merged Work # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #121: Investment Strategy Audit - Honest Assessment (Jan 9, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 9 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #121: Investment Strategy Audit - Honest Assessment (Jan 9, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #120: Paper Trading System Broken for 4 Days (Jan 5-9, 2026) Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 9 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #120: Paper Trading System Broken for 4 Days (Jan 5-9, 2026) # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 4 min read Can AI See Inside Its Own Mind? Anthropic's Breakthrough in Machine Introspection Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Claudius Papirus Follow Jan 8 Can AI See Inside Its Own Mind? Anthropic's Breakthrough in Machine Introspection # ai # machinelearning # research # anthropic Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #119: Paper Trading API Key Mismatch After Account Reset Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 8 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #119: Paper Trading API Key Mismatch After Account Reset # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #117: ChromaDB Removal Caused 2-Day Trading Gap Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 8 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #117: ChromaDB Removal Caused 2-Day Trading Gap # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Let’s Build a Deep Learning Library from Scratch Using NumPy (Part 2: Autograd) zekcrates zekcrates zekcrates Follow Jan 8 Let’s Build a Deep Learning Library from Scratch Using NumPy (Part 2: Autograd) # deeplearning # python # machinelearning # ai Comments Add Comment 6 min read Vertical AI over generic tools: a quick observation from real estate tech Roy Kim Roy Kim Roy Kim Follow Jan 9 Vertical AI over generic tools: a quick observation from real estate tech # ai # machinelearning # saas Comments Add Comment 1 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #112: Self-Healing Data Integrity System Required Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 8 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #112: Self-Healing Data Integrity System Required # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read AI Trading: Lesson Learned #116: Observability Lasagna - Connecting Logs to Traces Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Igor Ganapolsky Follow Jan 8 AI Trading: Lesson Learned #116: Observability Lasagna - Connecting Logs to Traces # ai # trading # python # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 2 min read Building a RAG-Based AI Platform Албакиев Сардорбек Албакиев Сардорбек Албакиев Сардорбек Follow Jan 8 Building a RAG-Based AI Platform # webdev # ai # saas # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Day 7: Untill I Get An Internship At Google Venkata Sugunadithya Venkata Sugunadithya Venkata Sugunadithya Follow Jan 8 Day 7: Untill I Get An Internship At Google # algorithms # career # devjournal # machinelearning Comments Add Comment 1 min read Modernizing Legacy ERP Systems with Machine Learning: A Practical Implementation Guide Genco Divrikli Genco Divrikli Genco Divrikli Follow Jan 8 Modernizing Legacy ERP Systems with Machine Learning: A Practical Implementation Guide # architecture # machinelearning # tutorial Comments Add Comment 4 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Framework de Gobernanza para IA Responsable Nathalie Chicaiza Nathalie Chicaiza Nathalie Chicaiza Follow Jan 8 Framework de Gobernanza para IA Responsable # ai # architecture # aws # spanish Comments Add Comment 2 min read Using AWS App Runner to build & host my website Muhammed Ashraf Muhammed Ashraf Muhammed Ashraf Follow Jan 8 Using AWS App Runner to build & host my website # programming # aws # docker Comments Add Comment 3 min read Using Server Sent Events (SSE) to sync Tanstack Db from AWS DynamoDB Johannes Konings Johannes Konings Johannes Konings Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 9 Using Server Sent Events (SSE) to sync Tanstack Db from AWS DynamoDB # aws # cdk # tanstack Comments Add Comment 13 min read AWS Cloud Explained Like a Map, Not a Mess Anusha Kuppili Anusha Kuppili Anusha Kuppili Follow Jan 8 AWS Cloud Explained Like a Map, Not a Mess # aws # cloud # devops # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 2 min read Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Technologies and Concepts: Cloud Practitioner (CLF-C02) # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 2 min read Blue Green deployment strategy. Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Rohan Nalawade Follow Jan 8 Blue Green deployment strategy. # aws # devops # cloudcomputing # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 2 min read Is your monitoring testing strategy chaos? Simon Hanmer Simon Hanmer Simon Hanmer Follow Jan 8 Is your monitoring testing strategy chaos? # aws # chaosengineering # serverless # monitoring Comments Add Comment 5 min read Detecting and Filtering Harmful Content with Amazon Bedrock Guardrails Olawale Adepoju Olawale Adepoju Olawale Adepoju Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Detecting and Filtering Harmful Content with Amazon Bedrock Guardrails # aws # awsguardrail # ai # amazonbedrock Comments Add Comment 4 min read From Zero to AWS Certified in 30 Days: (SAA-C03) Prince Chaudhary Prince Chaudhary Prince Chaudhary Follow Jan 8 From Zero to AWS Certified in 30 Days: (SAA-C03) # awscertification # aws # cloud # solutionsarchitect Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Store VideoSDK Cloud Recordings Securely on AWS S3 Tapan Kumar Swain Tapan Kumar Swain Tapan Kumar Swain Follow Jan 8 How to Store VideoSDK Cloud Recordings Securely on AWS S3 # videosdk # aws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Your 30-Minute Morning Monitoring Routine? The Problem Isn't Too Much Data. Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Follow Jan 8 Your 30-Minute Morning Monitoring Routine? The Problem Isn't Too Much Data. # monitoring # aws # devops # jenkins Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Cost Optimization: When Reducing Cross-Zone Data Transfer Actually Costs More Rex Zhen Rex Zhen Rex Zhen Follow Jan 6 AWS Cost Optimization: When Reducing Cross-Zone Data Transfer Actually Costs More # aws # vpc Comments Add Comment 7 min read Building the Next Generation of Voice Agents with Strands Rafael Rodriguez Rafael Rodriguez Rafael Rodriguez Follow Jan 8 Building the Next Generation of Voice Agents with Strands # ai # aws # python # opensource 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 7 min read Day 11: Invoking Amazon Titan from AWS Lambda (Serverless GenAI). Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 6 Day 11: Invoking Amazon Titan from AWS Lambda (Serverless GenAI). # ai # aws # python # serverless Comments Add Comment 1 min read Automating S3 Data Retention by Prefix Using Python (DevOps Automation Story) POTHURAJU JAYAKRISHNA YADAV POTHURAJU JAYAKRISHNA YADAV POTHURAJU JAYAKRISHNA YADAV Follow Jan 8 Automating S3 Data Retention by Prefix Using Python (DevOps Automation Story) # aws # automation # python # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read Automated EKS Cost Optimization with AWS Config Amine AIT AAZIZI Amine AIT AAZIZI Amine AIT AAZIZI Follow Jan 6 Automated EKS Cost Optimization with AWS Config # eks # kubernetes # aws # finops Comments Add Comment 4 min read Storing large files with DynamoDB and S3 - the easy way Leandro Damascena Leandro Damascena Leandro Damascena Follow Jan 8 Storing large files with DynamoDB and S3 - the easy way # architecture # aws # python # serverless Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Used Kiro to Optimize Its Own MCP Configuration Danilo Poccia Danilo Poccia Danilo Poccia Follow for AWS Jan 12 How I Used Kiro to Optimize Its Own MCP Configuration # ai # aws # devex # kiro 10 reactions Comments Add Comment 5 min read The Missing Link: Triggering Serverless Events from Legacy Databases with AWS DMS CK CK CK Follow Jan 7 The Missing Link: Triggering Serverless Events from Legacy Databases with AWS DMS # aws # serverless # architecture # dms Comments Add Comment 4 min read You Don’t Need a Vector Database to Build RAG (Yet): A ~$1/Month DynamoDB Pipeline Matia Rašetina Matia Rašetina Matia Rašetina Follow Jan 12 You Don’t Need a Vector Database to Build RAG (Yet): A ~$1/Month DynamoDB Pipeline # aws # rag # programming # python Comments Add Comment 10 min read How to Monitor Amazon EKS Using Prometheus and Grafana (Without Helm) dinesh kumar dinesh kumar dinesh kumar Follow Jan 8 How to Monitor Amazon EKS Using Prometheus and Grafana (Without Helm) # devops # eks # aws # kubernetes Comments Add Comment 2 min read 7 Best Resources to Learn AWS Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Stack Overflowed Follow Jan 8 7 Best Resources to Learn AWS # webdev # cloud # cloudcomputing # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read OpenLens Cannot Connect to AWS EKS Cluster: executable aws not found Camille Chang Camille Chang Camille Chang Follow Jan 7 OpenLens Cannot Connect to AWS EKS Cluster: executable aws not found # help # aws # kubernetes # tooling Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cost Explorer de AWS Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 6 Cost Explorer de AWS # aws # finops # costexplorer Comments Add Comment 2 min read Partner AWS y founder de mí propia startup: Vorhealth(reflexión de vacaciones) Paola Ponce Paola Ponce Paola Ponce Follow Jan 7 Partner AWS y founder de mí propia startup: Vorhealth(reflexión de vacaciones) # architecture # aws # devops # startup Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Building a Multi-Account CloudWatch Dashboard That Actually Works Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Muhammad Yawar Malik Follow Jan 9 Building a Multi-Account CloudWatch Dashboard That Actually Works # aws # cloudwatch # monitoring # sre 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 2 min read Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder lihaong lihaong lihaong Follow Jan 9 Zero Budget, High Impact: My First Step Becoming an AWS Community Builder # aws # awsbudget # tutorial # cloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Orphaned EBS Volumes Costing You $$$? Rick Wise Rick Wise Rick Wise Follow Jan 9 Orphaned EBS Volumes Costing You $$$? # aws # cloud # devops # costsaving Comments Add Comment 1 min read Listing IAM Roles for Your Current AWS Account Toru Takahashi Toru Takahashi Toru Takahashi Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 10 Listing IAM Roles for Your Current AWS Account # aws # iam # tooling 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read De Localhost a Escala Global: Una Estrategia de Arquitectura AWS para Emprendedores en Latinoamérica Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Carlos Eduardo Sotelo Pinto Follow Jan 9 De Localhost a Escala Global: Una Estrategia de Arquitectura AWS para Emprendedores en Latinoamérica # aws # arequipa # peru # emprender Comments Add Comment 18 min read Help me, Localstack. You're my only hope. KILLALLSKYWALKER KILLALLSKYWALKER KILLALLSKYWALKER Follow Jan 11 Help me, Localstack. You're my only hope. # localstack # aws # terraform Comments Add Comment 4 min read Saving Plans de AWS- Vistazo breve Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 9 Saving Plans de AWS- Vistazo breve # aws # finops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Auto Scaling Role & Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) daniel shaibu daniel shaibu daniel shaibu Follow Jan 9 Auto Scaling Role & Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets (VMSS) # devops # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS CloudFormation Drift Detection & Remediation Guide Spacelift team Spacelift team Spacelift team Follow for Spacelift Jan 9 AWS CloudFormation Drift Detection & Remediation Guide # aws # devops Comments Add Comment 9 min read SQS to Lambda vs API kerry convery kerry convery kerry convery Follow Jan 9 SQS to Lambda vs API # aws # lambda # sqs # node Comments Add Comment 1 min read 🚨 AWS 129: Bridging the Gap - Implementing VPC Peering Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 9 🚨 AWS 129: Bridging the Gap - Implementing VPC Peering # aws # networking # vpc # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read I Accidentally Launched 50 EC2 Instances with CloudFormation SpotFleet (and How to Prevent It) Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Yuto Takashi Follow Jan 9 I Accidentally Launched 50 EC2 Instances with CloudFormation SpotFleet (and How to Prevent It) # aws # devops # infrastructureascode # jenkins Comments Add Comment 4 min read Mastering AWS Well Architecture Framework Dmitry Golovach Dmitry Golovach Dmitry Golovach Follow Jan 9 Mastering AWS Well Architecture Framework # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 14: Scheduling AWS Lambda with EventBridge (The Serverless Cron). Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 9 Day 14: Scheduling AWS Lambda with EventBridge (The Serverless Cron). # aws # serverless # automation # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Khadijah (Dana Ordalina) Follow Jan 9 Сине-зеленое развертывание на EKS # eks # aws # bluegreen # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Implementing Security Lake in AWS GovCloud for FedRAMP High Compliance Ophir Zahavi Ophir Zahavi Ophir Zahavi Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 Implementing Security Lake in AWS GovCloud for FedRAMP High Compliance # security # aws # awssecuritylake # fedramp 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 11 min read The Backtesting Nightmare: When Data Size Kills Agility Varun S Varun S Varun S Follow Jan 9 The Backtesting Nightmare: When Data Size Kills Agility # aws # lakehouse # datalake # apacheiceberg Comments Add Comment 10 min read LLMs are like Humans - They make mistakes. Here is how we limit them with Guardrails Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 8 LLMs are like Humans - They make mistakes. Here is how we limit them with Guardrails # aws # ai # guardrails # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career KWAN KWAN KWAN Follow Jan 9 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # programming # cloud # aws # certification 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 4 min read 🌐 AWS 127: Building from Scratch - Creating a Custom Public VPC Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 7 🌐 AWS 127: Building from Scratch - Creating a Custom Public VPC # aws # networking # vpc # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Connecting Your Frontend to AWS: APIs, Authentication, and Storage Blessing Njoku Blessing Njoku Blessing Njoku Follow Jan 8 Connecting Your Frontend to AWS: APIs, Authentication, and Storage # aws # frontend # webdev # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Instancias reservadas de AWS- Vistazo breve Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 8 Instancias reservadas de AWS- Vistazo breve # aws # finops Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Community Builder Applications for 2026 is Now Open! Here's Why You Should Apply. KUSEH SIMON WEWOLIAMO KUSEH SIMON WEWOLIAMO KUSEH SIMON WEWOLIAMO Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 8 AWS Community Builder Applications for 2026 is Now Open! 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close A Cup of Code Podcast Follow How to Stay Motivated While Learning to Code Jun 25 '21 play In this episode, I’d like to talk a bit about how to stay motivated while learning to code. I know that learning to code might seem like a daunting or overwhelming task at first. Or you might even feel like you don’t know where to start. But please know that there is help and it will get easier with time, practice, patience and persistence! Staying motivated while learning to code will help you stay steady on the path of reaching your goals and keep you true to the reason you started learning to code in the first place. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/acupofcodepodcast/support Episode source Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Collapse Expand sinacosina sinacosina sinacosina Follow Joined Nov 17, 2021 • Nov 18 '21 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide great! Like comment: Like comment: 5 likes Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand lijiulei lijiulei lijiulei Follow Joined Dec 14, 2025 • Dec 14 '25 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide In this episode, I want to talk about how to stay motivated while learning programming. I know that learning to code can seem daunting or overwhelming at first. You might even feel like you don’t know where to start. But trust me, there is help. With time, practice, patience, and persistence, everything gets easier! Staying motivated while learning programming helps you stay steady on the path toward your goals and remain true to the reason you started learning in the first place. Like comment: Like comment: 1 like Like Comment button Reply Collapse Expand William Torrez William Torrez William Torrez Follow An user more in this world! Location Managua, Nicaragua Education UNI | National University of Engineering Work Technical Support at LAFISE Joined Nov 12, 2021 • Mar 9 '23 Dropdown menu Copy link Hide A great introduction! 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Hello AWS Builders, I’m Cláudio Claudio Santos Claudio Santos Claudio Santos Follow Jan 5 Hello AWS Builders, I’m Cláudio # career # aws # cloud # ai Comments Add Comment 1 min read Identify AWS Network Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 5 Identify AWS Network Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Road To Compliance: Will Your Internal Users Hate Your Platform Team? Davide de Paolis Davide de Paolis Davide de Paolis Follow Jan 10 Road To Compliance: Will Your Internal Users Hate Your Platform Team? # compliance # aws # serverless # publicspeaking Comments 1 comment 12 min read Using Amazon Bedrock with AWS Free Tier for the 10,000 AIdeas Competition 🛠️ Laura Salinas Laura Salinas Laura Salinas Follow for AWS Jan 6 Using Amazon Bedrock with AWS Free Tier for the 10,000 AIdeas Competition 🛠️ # aws # hackathon # ai 3 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read Organizing Architecture Patterns for Triggering AWS Glue Python Shell with S3 Events Aki Aki Aki Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 Organizing Architecture Patterns for Triggering AWS Glue Python Shell with S3 Events # aws # dataengineering 4 reactions Comments Add Comment 6 min read I Took a Working Terraform Project and Rebuilt It Properly (ALB + EC2 + Modules + Remote State) Adil Khan Adil Khan Adil Khan Follow Jan 4 I Took a Working Terraform Project and Rebuilt It Properly (ALB + EC2 + Modules + Remote State) # terraform # devops # infrastructureascode # aws Comments Add Comment 5 min read Learning AWS? Start With These 3 Services Promise CK Promise CK Promise CK Follow Jan 5 Learning AWS? Start With These 3 Services # beginners # aws Comments Add Comment 1 min read How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Walter Alleyz Follow Jan 4 How to Prepare for a Certification in any Tech Career # certification # aws # cloud # programming Comments Add Comment 3 min read Centralizing Email Infrastructure on AWS with SESMailEngine Uros M. Uros M. Uros M. Follow Jan 4 Centralizing Email Infrastructure on AWS with SESMailEngine # architecture # aws # serverless Comments Add Comment 6 min read AWS Security Services: A Conversation Between Engineers Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Data Tech Bridge Follow Jan 4 AWS Security Services: A Conversation Between Engineers # aws # security # tutorial Comments Add Comment 24 min read Aurora Database with EC2 Hyelngtil Isaac Hyelngtil Isaac Hyelngtil Isaac Follow Jan 5 Aurora Database with EC2 # aws # database # cloudnative # cloudskills Comments Add Comment 3 min read The Myth of ‘Just Connect Lambda to RDS’ Steven Leung Steven Leung Steven Leung Follow Jan 4 The Myth of ‘Just Connect Lambda to RDS’ # serverless # aws # database Comments Add Comment 8 min read AWS Compute Optimizer Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Barbara Gaspar Follow Jan 4 AWS Compute Optimizer # aws # finops Comments Add Comment 2 min read Hypervisors Explained: How Virtual Machines Really Work in the Cloud Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Follow Jan 4 Hypervisors Explained: How Virtual Machines Really Work in the Cloud # aws # cloud # virtualization # infrastructure Comments Add Comment 3 min read Storage for Developers Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Dipali Kulshrestha Follow Jan 10 Storage for Developers # architecture # aws # developer # learning 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 2 min read Identify AWS Storage Services Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 6 Identify AWS Storage Services # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 3 min read Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Passing the AWS Machine Learning Engineer – Associate Exam (My Experience & Tips) # aws # certification Comments Add Comment 2 min read Backup Management Is Now Available in Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Bult.ai Follow Jan 5 Backup Management Is Now Available in Bult.ai # webdev # aws # googlecloud # azure Comments Add Comment 2 min read A Common AWS Signup Pitfall: Auto-Filled Name During Identity Verification Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Micheal Angelo Follow Jan 4 A Common AWS Signup Pitfall: Auto-Filled Name During Identity Verification # aws # beginners # cloud Comments Add Comment 2 min read 🚨 AWS 125: Guardian of the Cloud - Setting Up CloudWatch Alarms Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 5 🚨 AWS 125: Guardian of the Cloud - Setting Up CloudWatch Alarms # aws # cloudwatch # monitoring # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 31: Configuring a Private RDS Instance for Application Development # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 30: Enable Internet Access for Private EC2 using NAT Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 9 My Cloud Practitioner Certification Journey and the Resources to Certify with Confidence # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 10 min read ⚖️ AWS 124: Balancing the Load - Setting Up an Application Load Balancer (ALB) Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 4 ⚖️ AWS 124: Balancing the Load - Setting Up an Application Load Balancer (ALB) # aws # networking # loadbalancing # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 4 Day 32: Snapshot and Restoration of an RDS Instance # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu How to Deploy Your Web App with AWS Elastic Beanstalk Samuel Ojo Samuel Ojo Samuel Ojo Follow Jan 7 How to Deploy Your Web App with AWS Elastic Beanstalk # webdev # aws # cloud # devops Comments Add Comment 6 min read Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Ali-Funk Follow Jan 7 Why I rescheduled my AWS exam today # aws # beginners # cloud # career Comments Add Comment 2 min read Logging Into EC2 Is Easy… Until You Pick the Wrong Way Aishwary Gathe Aishwary Gathe Aishwary Gathe Follow Jan 9 Logging Into EC2 Is Easy… Until You Pick the Wrong Way # aws # cloud # security # ec2 1 reaction Comments 1 comment 3 min read Amazon Bedrock: From Zero to Production in 30 Minutes David Marcelo Petrocelli David Marcelo Petrocelli David Marcelo Petrocelli Follow Jan 7 Amazon Bedrock: From Zero to Production in 30 Minutes # aws # amazonbedrock # generativeai # python Comments Add Comment 4 min read 🌸 Nikte – Reconocimiento de flores con arquitectura serverless en AWS Fernando Gutierrez Fernando Gutierrez Fernando Gutierrez Follow Jan 7 🌸 Nikte – Reconocimiento de flores con arquitectura serverless en AWS # programming # ai # python # aws Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚨 AWS 128: Setting Up Amazon ECR and Pushing Docker Images Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 8 🚨 AWS 128: Setting Up Amazon ECR and Pushing Docker Images # aws # docker # ecr # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Bedrock Security Best Practices: Building Secure Generative AI Applications Brayan Arrieta Brayan Arrieta Brayan Arrieta Follow Jan 7 AWS Bedrock Security Best Practices: Building Secure Generative AI Applications # machinelearning # ai # aws # security Comments Add Comment 4 min read Day 13: Sending AI Reports via Email using AWS SNS and Python. Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 8 Day 13: Sending AI Reports via Email using AWS SNS and Python. # aws # python # sns # devops Comments Add Comment 1 min read Automação de Backups para SFTP Externo Railander Marques Railander Marques Railander Marques Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Automação de Backups para SFTP Externo # sftp # lambda # automation # aws Comments Add Comment 13 min read Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Identify Services From Other In-Scope AWS Service Categories # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 5 min read 🚀 AWS 126: Instant Web Servers - Automating Nginx with User Data Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Hritik Raj Follow Jan 6 🚀 AWS 126: Instant Web Servers - Automating Nginx with User Data # aws # nginx # automation # 100daysofcloud Comments Add Comment 3 min read 🚀 My DevOps Journey: From Learning to Building on AWS with Containers Ravi Kumar Kushwaha Ravi Kumar Kushwaha Ravi Kumar Kushwaha Follow Jan 8 🚀 My DevOps Journey: From Learning to Building on AWS with Containers # kubernetes # devops # aws # docker Comments Add Comment 2 min read 7 Must-Have Amazon System Design Interview Resources to Nail Your Prep Dev Loops Dev Loops Dev Loops Follow Jan 6 7 Must-Have Amazon System Design Interview Resources to Nail Your Prep # aws # career # resources # systemdesign Comments Add Comment 4 min read EKS vs ECS: A Comprehensive Comparison Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Follow Jan 5 EKS vs ECS: A Comprehensive Comparison # aws # kubernetes # cloudnative # devops Comments Add Comment 5 min read Terraform State Management with Amazon S3 Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Tandap Noel Bansikah Follow Jan 7 Terraform State Management with Amazon S3 # terraform # infrastructureascode # aws # cloud Comments Add Comment 6 min read 🧱How to use Amazon Bedrock with Python (boto3) Fernando Gutierrez Fernando Gutierrez Fernando Gutierrez Follow Jan 7 🧱How to use Amazon Bedrock with Python (boto3) # ai # python # aws # programming Comments Add Comment 1 min read Experimenting with agentic player/coach workflows in Kiro CLI subagents Ricardo Sueiras Ricardo Sueiras Ricardo Sueiras Follow for AWS Jan 9 Experimenting with agentic player/coach workflows in Kiro CLI subagents # kiro # aws 5 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Forwarding Cookies Using CloudFront: A Workaround for AWS Cache Policy Limitations Daniel Kraszewski Daniel Kraszewski Daniel Kraszewski Follow for u11d Jan 7 Forwarding Cookies Using CloudFront: A Workaround for AWS Cache Policy Limitations # devops # aws # cloudfront # terraform Comments Add Comment 4 min read Day 12: Building a simple RAG pipeline with Lambda, DynamoDB, and Bedrock. Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 7 Day 12: Building a simple RAG pipeline with Lambda, DynamoDB, and Bedrock. # aws # python # dynamodb # bedrock Comments Add Comment 1 min read Compare AWS Pricing Models Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Ntombizakhona Mabaso Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 7 Compare AWS Pricing Models # aws # cloud # cloudcomputing # cloudpractitioner Comments Add Comment 4 min read Day 10: Storing Financial Data in DynamoDB with Python (Boto3). Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Eric Rodríguez Follow Jan 6 Day 10: Storing Financial Data in DynamoDB with Python (Boto3). # dynamodb # aws # python # database Comments Add Comment 1 min read AWS DocumentDB Streams: Configuración y caso de uso olcortesb olcortesb olcortesb Follow for AWS Español Jan 7 AWS DocumentDB Streams: Configuración y caso de uso # aws # awddocumentdb # stream Comments Add Comment 6 min read How I Passed the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner in 24 Days (For Free) Adedoyin Adedoyin Adedoyin Follow Jan 5 How I Passed the AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner in 24 Days (For Free) # aws # awscloudpractitioner # cloudcertification # examprep Comments Add Comment 3 min read AI-Augmented Cloud Operations Abhijeet Yadav Abhijeet Yadav Abhijeet Yadav Follow Jan 7 AI-Augmented Cloud Operations # aws # serverless # aiops # automation 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 6 min read Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Thu Kha Kyawe Follow Jan 7 Day 35: Deploying and Managing Applications on AWS # aws # 100daysofcloudaws Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Luigi Escalante Software Engineer fan from Ethical Hacking, Software Architecture, Anime and Coffee. Location Mexico Joined Joined on May 21, 2023 Personal website https://www.linkedin.com/in/luis-antonio-escalante-gutierrez/ github website Education Information tecnologies Bachelor's degree and Security Information Master's degree. Work Senior Software Engineer More info about @luigiescalante Badges Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. Got it Close Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Skills/Languages Go, Python, Ethical Hacking, Linux. Post 7 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 3 tags followed Choosing Your Path: Avenger (Front-End) vs Men in Black (Back-End) Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Jan 5 Choosing Your Path: Avenger (Front-End) vs Men in Black (Back-End) # discuss # beginners # career # webdev Comments Add Comment 5 min read Go Redis Crud quickly example Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Aug 17 '24 Go Redis Crud quickly example # go # redis # cache Comments Add Comment 2 min read Go Bun ORM with PostgreSQL Quickly Example Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Feb 12 '24 Go Bun ORM with PostgreSQL Quickly Example # go # orm # postgres 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 3 min read AWS S3 (SDK v2) in Go Quickly example Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Jan 26 '24 AWS S3 (SDK v2) in Go Quickly example # go # s3 # aws 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Agregar un acceso directo a una app en GNU/Linux Gnome Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Jun 11 '23 Agregar un acceso directo a una app en GNU/Linux Gnome 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 1 min read Instalar Java JDK en GNU/Linux Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Jun 11 '23 Instalar Java JDK en GNU/Linux 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read Usar repositorios privados de GitHub en GO Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Luigi Escalante Follow Jun 11 '23 Usar repositorios privados de GitHub en GO Comments Add Comment 2 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/t/aws/page/2 | Amazon Web Services Page 2 - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Amazon Web Services Follow Hide Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a collection of web services for computing, storage, machine learning, security, and more There are over 200+ AWS services as of 2023. Create Post submission guidelines Articles which primary focus is AWS are permitted to used the #aws tag. Older #aws posts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Posts Left menu 👋 Sign in for the ability to sort posts by relevant , latest , or top . Right menu Cloud Cost Optimization: Engineering-Led Strategy to Reduce AWS & GCP Spend by 30-50% Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Aspire Softserv Follow Jan 12 Cloud Cost Optimization: Engineering-Led Strategy to Reduce AWS & GCP Spend by 30-50% # aws # cloud # devops Comments Add Comment 5 min read Hosting a Static Website on Amazon S3 (Step-by-Step) irfan pasha irfan pasha irfan pasha Follow Jan 12 Hosting a Static Website on Amazon S3 (Step-by-Step) # aws # s3 # bigneer # website Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 1: Exam Overview & Foundations) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 16 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional: Exam Overview & Foundation Strategy (Part 1) # ai # machinelearning # aws # certification 6 reactions Comments Add Comment 7 min read Automating AWS Security Scanning: Configuring Prowler on EC2 as a Cron Job to Detect Outdated AMIs Rohan Khanal Rohan Khanal Rohan Khanal Follow Jan 11 Automating AWS Security Scanning: Configuring Prowler on EC2 as a Cron Job to Detect Outdated AMIs # automation # aws # devops # security Comments Add Comment 13 min read It’s 2026: Stop Using AWS IAM and Start Using IAM Identity Center Manusha Chethiyawardhana Manusha Chethiyawardhana Manusha Chethiyawardhana Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 11 It’s 2026: Stop Using AWS IAM and Start Using IAM Identity Center # aws # tutorial # devops # cloud 5 reactions Comments 1 comment 5 min read You’re Running EC2 Instances That Do Nothing Nikola Roganovic Nikola Roganovic Nikola Roganovic Follow Jan 11 You’re Running EC2 Instances That Do Nothing # aws # cloud # devops # sre 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 2) Santanu Das Santanu Das Santanu Das Follow Jan 11 BootStrapping Aurora RDS Databases using Lambda and Terraform (Part 2) # lambda # aws # rds # devops Comments Add Comment 10 min read Why AI Agents Need Context Graphs (And How to Build One with AWS) Brooke Jamieson Brooke Jamieson Brooke Jamieson Follow for AWS Jan 12 Why AI Agents Need Context Graphs (And How to Build One with AWS) # ai # contextgraphs # agenticai # aws 2 reactions Comments Add Comment 13 min read Call Center con voces naturales en español y acento local ensamblador ensamblador ensamblador Follow for AWS Español Jan 9 Call Center con voces naturales en español y acento local # amazonconnect # elevenlabs # conversationalai # aws 11 reactions Comments 2 comments 7 min read Linux Learning Journey – Day 2: Command-Line Practice & System Familiarity 🐧 Avinash wagh Avinash wagh Avinash wagh Follow Jan 12 Linux Learning Journey – Day 2: Command-Line Practice & System Familiarity 🐧 # linux # ubuntu # aws # learning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Cloud 101 with AWS: From Concepts to a Real Serverless App Warda Liaqat Warda Liaqat Warda Liaqat Follow Jan 11 Cloud 101 with AWS: From Concepts to a Real Serverless App # aws # cloudcomputing # serverless # ai 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) MakendranG MakendranG MakendranG Follow Jan 11 AWS Certified Generative AI Developer – Professional in 2 Weeks (Part 2: Advanced Learning & Exam Prep) # ai # aws # certification # machinelearning 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 13 min read Tag log buckets created by AWS CDK for third party tools Johannes Konings Johannes Konings Johannes Konings Follow for AWS Community Builders Jan 11 Tag log buckets created by AWS CDK for third party tools # aws # cdk # cdknag 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 4 min read Amazon S3 Vectors: When Your Data Lake Becomes Your Vector Store Sujitha Rasamsetty Sujitha Rasamsetty Sujitha Rasamsetty Follow Jan 11 Amazon S3 Vectors: When Your Data Lake Becomes Your Vector Store # aws # awscommunity # ai # vectordatabase Comments Add Comment 6 min read Cloud Computing - Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Setup - Complete Tutorial Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Hemanath Kumar J Follow Jan 11 Cloud Computing - Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Setup - Complete Tutorial # tutorial # cloud # aws # vpc Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS Services That Should Exist (But Don't) Marc Khaled Marc Khaled Marc Khaled Follow Jan 11 AWS Services That Should Exist (But Don't) # aws # devops # cloud # architecture Comments Add Comment 2 min read AWS IAM basics explained with real examples Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 AWS IAM basics explained with real examples # aws # beginners # security Comments Add Comment 5 min read Complete Guide: Deploying Node.js Application on Ubuntu VPS Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 Complete Guide: Deploying Node.js Application on Ubuntu VPS # node # devops # ubuntu # aws Comments Add Comment 4 min read AWS Pricing Models Explained: (A Beginner's Guide) chandra penugonda chandra penugonda chandra penugonda Follow Jan 11 AWS Pricing Models Explained: (A Beginner's Guide) # beginners # tutorial # cloud # aws Comments Add Comment 8 min read Building a Multi-Brand CDN Architecture: Lessons from Scaling CMS Media Delivery Nikola Lalović Nikola Lalović Nikola Lalović Follow Jan 11 Building a Multi-Brand CDN Architecture: Lessons from Scaling CMS Media Delivery # aws # webdev # programming # architecture Comments Add Comment 7 min read Can AI Translate Technical Content into Indian Languages? Exploring Amazon Translate (English Marathi & Hindi) Vasil Shaikh Vasil Shaikh Vasil Shaikh Follow Jan 11 Can AI Translate Technical Content into Indian Languages? Exploring Amazon Translate (English Marathi & Hindi) # aws # ai # translation # cloud Comments Add Comment 5 min read Learning AWS as a Student: What Actually Works Pawan Joshi Pawan Joshi Pawan Joshi Follow Jan 11 Learning AWS as a Student: What Actually Works # beginners # aws # learning # awschallenge 1 reaction Comments Add Comment 1 min read Getting Started with AWS in 2026 – A Practical Beginner's Guide 🚀 Sahinur Sahinur Sahinur Follow Jan 11 Getting Started with AWS in 2026 – A Practical Beginner's Guide 🚀 # aws # cloudcomputing # beginners # devops Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Designed an Enterprise RAG System Using AWS Bedrock, Pinecone & Neo4j Betty Waiyego Betty Waiyego Betty Waiyego Follow Jan 12 How I Designed an Enterprise RAG System Using AWS Bedrock, Pinecone & Neo4j # aws # machinelearning # ai # python Comments Add Comment 7 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. 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https://dev.to/ilyarah | ilya rahnavard - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. DUMB DEV Community Follow Memes and software development shitposting Design Community Follow Web design, graphic design and everything in-between Security Forem Follow Your central hub for all things security. From ethical hacking and CTFs to GRC and career development, for beginners and pros alike Golf Forem Follow A community of golfers and golfing enthusiasts Crypto Forem Follow A collaborative community for all things Crypto—from Bitcoin to protocol development and DeFi to NFTs and market analysis. Parenting Follow A place for parents to the share the joys, challenges, and wisdom that come from raising kids. We're here for them and for each other. Forem Core Follow Discussing the core forem open source software project — features, bugs, performance, self-hosting. Maker Forem Follow A community for makers, hobbyists, and professionals to discuss Arduino, Raspberry Pi, 3D printing, and much more. HMPL.js Forem Follow For developers using HMPL.js to build fast, lightweight web apps. A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions ilya rahnavard Self-taught full-stack blockchain Firestarter — wired for Solana, TON, Fantom(Sonic), and Ethereum L2s. I ship, I write, I share Joined Joined on Dec 25, 2025 github website twitter website More info about @ilyarah Badges Writing Debut Awarded for writing and sharing your first DEV post! Continue sharing your work to earn the 4 Week Writing Streak Badge. Got it Close Post 4 posts published Comment 0 comments written Tag 14 tags followed Pin Pinned Supercharge Prediction Markets Liquidity on Sonic with Flying Tulip: The Leverage Flywheel Developers Need in 2026 ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard Follow Jan 5 Supercharge Prediction Markets Liquidity on Sonic with Flying Tulip: The Leverage Flywheel Developers Need in 2026 # fullstack # programming # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 3 min read Flay the Fantasy: How I Stopped Betting My Future on Every Line of Code (And Started Shipping Like Crazy in 2026) ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard Follow Jan 4 Flay the Fantasy: How I Stopped Betting My Future on Every Line of Code (And Started Shipping Like Crazy in 2026) # devchallenge # productivity # midnightchallenge # career Comments Add Comment 3 min read How I Built the Fastest TON Memecoin Sniper Alert Bot (Golden-Memecoin-Alert) ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard Follow Jan 2 How I Built the Fastest TON Memecoin Sniper Alert Bot (Golden-Memecoin-Alert) # webdev # python # blockchain # web3 Comments Add Comment 2 min read I Built a Maze Runner Simulation Where Teenage Sam Altman Survives the Glade December 25, 2025 ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard ilya rahnavard Follow Dec 25 '25 I Built a Maze Runner Simulation Where Teenage Sam Altman Survives the Glade December 25, 2025 # gamedev # python # simulation Comments Add Comment 3 min read loading... 💎 DEV Diamond Sponsors Thank you to our Diamond Sponsors for supporting the DEV Community Google AI is the official AI Model and Platform Partner of DEV Neon is the official database partner of DEV Algolia is the official search partner of DEV DEV Community — A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Home DEV++ Podcasts Videos DEV Education Tracks DEV Challenges DEV Help Advertise on DEV DEV Showcase About Contact Free Postgres Database Software comparisons Forem Shop Code of Conduct Privacy Policy Terms of Use Built on Forem — the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. Made with love and Ruby on Rails . DEV Community © 2016 - 2026. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. Log in Create account | 2026-01-13T08:47:50 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/?f=flair_name%3A%22Biology%22 | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/askscience Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/askscience members online Create Post Feed About New Filtering by flair always uses New Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights AskScience Panel of Scientists XXVIII :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Joint Subreddit Statement: The Attack on U.S. Research Infrastructure :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments If you put a sweater on a cold blooded animal, would it stay warm? u/Jabba-da-slut • If you put a sweater on a cold blooded animal, would it stay warm? Biology Fortunately I'm not in this situation, but if you had a pet snake for example, and it was really cold and you lost power, could you help it stay alive by giving it a blanket, or would the insulating properties be lost on it because it doesn't produce enough heat? Are moths attracted to fireflies? u/NotPhotogenic84 • Are moths attracted to fireflies? Biology Are moths attracted to fireflies the same way as they are attracted towards fire or lights? Are moths attracted to the light or the warmth? Do bio-luminescent organisms like fireflies or those glowing mushrooms emit heat any more than organisms that don't glow? (Sorry if this isn't the correct subreddit for this question.. it felt kinda sciencey to me) How do cells prevent catastrophic failure if everything inside them is so random? u/Sapotis • How do cells prevent catastrophic failure if everything inside them is so random? Biology From what I understand, cells are basically full of molecules constantly moving around and bumping into each other. But at the same time, cells manage to carry out tons of very specific and coordinated tasks without falling apart. If molecules are colliding randomly all the time, wouldn't that cause a lot of wrong reactions or damage? How do cells prevent mistakes or deal with them when they happen, and what stops small errors from building up into something catastrophic? 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https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-build-2020-summary/ | The Windows Subsystem for Linux BUILD 2020 Summary - Windows Command Line Skip to main content Microsoft Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Dev Blogs Home Developer Microsoft for Developers Visual Studio Visual Studio Code Develop from the cloud All things Azure Xcode DevOps Windows Developer ISE Developer Azure SDK Command Line Aspire Technology DirectX Semantic Kernel Languages C++ C# F# TypeScript PowerShell Team Python Java Java Blog in Chinese Go .NET All .NET posts .NET Aspire .NET MAUI AI ASP.NET Core Blazor Entity Framework NuGet Servicing .NET Blog in Chinese Platform Development #ifdef Windows Microsoft Foundry Azure Government Azure VM Runtime Team Bing Dev Center Microsoft Edge Dev Microsoft Azure Microsoft 365 Developer Microsoft Entra Identity Developer Old New Thing Power Platform Data Development Azure Cosmos DB Azure Data Studio Azure SQL OData Revolutions R Unified Data Model (IDEAs) Microsoft Entra PowerShell More Search Search No results Cancel Dev Blogs Windows Command Line The Windows Subsystem for Linux BUILD 2020 Summary May 19th, 2020 0 reactions The Windows Subsystem for Linux BUILD 2020 Summary Craig Loewen Senior Product Manager Show more This year at an all virtual BUILD conference we had many exciting announcements for the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)! This blog post gives you a summary of all the WSL news, including what’s available now and what you can expect in the future. WSL’s BUILD news at a glance Available this month Support for WSL 2 distros is coming this month in the Windows 10 May 2020 Update Docker Desktop released a new version using WSL 2 as their backend Current roadmap: What’s coming to WSL You’ll soon be able to install WSL with a single command. Just open a Windows Terminal and enter wsl.exe --install WSL 2 will be the new default when installing for the first time WSL will support GPU Compute workflows Adding Linux GUI app support to WSL is on our roadmap Please read on below for the details for each item. Available this month Support for Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL 2) distros is coming this month in the Windows 10 May 2020 Update 4 years ago, at Build 2016, Microsoft surprised the world by announcing Windows Subsystem for Linux – WSL (also known at the time as “Bash on Ubuntu on Windows”). WSL enables Windows users to run native, unmodified Linux command-line tools and apps directly in Windows, alongside all their favorite Windows apps and tools. WSL usage has grown enormously from initially just a few thousand people downloading the first preview build to more than 3.5 million monthly active devices today! However, we wanted WSL to do more – to run all Linux apps and tools, and to run apps and tools faster. At Build 2019, the WSL team unveiled the first preview of WSL 2, which utilizes new capabilities in Windows’ Hypervisor Platform to run distros and tools in containers, atop a real Linux kernel image that is built and delivered by Microsoft , hosted in a lightweight VM, which boots from cold in less than 2s! This means that WSL 2 delivers full system call compatibility with a real Linux kernel and is 3-6x faster compared to earlier versions of WSL. You can easily set the version of any WSL distro to be using WSL 2 with the command: wsl.exe --set-version <distroName> 2 . The response from the community has been huge and, frankly, positively overwhelming – sincerest thanks to everyone who ran WSL 2, filed issues, and asked for features, you’ve helped us make WSL2 even better than we hoped it could be! Docker Desktop released a new version using WSL 2 as their backend WSL 2’s new capabilities have not gone unnoticed by our partners either! Shortly after WSL 2 was announced, Docker Inc. decided to host Docker Desktop for Windows atop WSL 2 ! Following a successful preview period, Docker has announced that Docker Desktop for Windows will now default to run atop WSL 2 when installed on the Windows 10 May 2020 update, which will bring Docker Desktop to Windows Home users as well . This change to host Docker on WSL 2 will result in containers booting up faster, while consuming fewer resources on the host machine due to WSL 2’s more lightweight footprint vs. full VMs. You can learn more about the Docker Desktop WSL 2 backend here . Current roadmap: What’s coming to WSL You’ll soon be able to install WSL with a single command. Just open a Windows Terminal and enter `wsl.exe –install` One common complaint about WSL is that it’s not easy to find and enable. We agree, which is why we’re working on some improvements to the wsl.exe command-line tool to help you install WSL. Soon you will be able to simply install WSL by entering: wsl.exe --install in your command-line! This command will be added to every Windows machine so that all you need to do is open a Terminal window elevated with administrator privileges and run wsl.exe --install . From there the WSL optional components will be enabled, and your specified distro will be downloaded and installed for you automatically upon restart. You can expect to see initial releases of this feature in the next few months in the Windows Insiders Fast Ring. WSL 2 will be the new default when installing for the first time We’re also introducing the change to make WSL 2 the new default distribution type when installing WSL for the first time. WSL 2 brings significant improvements and we found that the majority of our users on Insider branches are using WSL 2 distros. When developing wsl.exe --install it made sense for it to default to what people are using: WSL 2, and we’ve included this as well for any new installations of WSL when enabling the ‘Windows Subsystem for Linux’ optional component. You’ll see these changes in the Insiders Fast ring in the next few months alongside the wsl.exe --install improvement. WSL will support GPU Compute workflows Adding CUDA and/or GPU Compute support to WSL has been our #1 most requested feature since our first release! Over the last 3+ years, the WSL, Virtualization, DirectX, Windows Driver teams, and our silicon partners have been working hard on a complex engineering feat to deliver this capability. This is why we’re thrilled to announce that we will start previewing GPU compute support for WSL in Windows 10 Insider builds within the next few months! Initially, the GPU compute capability will support two scenarios: NVIDIA CUDA Supports existing Linux tools & workflows used by professionals DirectML Initially targeting beginners and students, leveraging DirectX 12 capable GPUs from several vendors The team will be releasing a preview package of TensorFlow with a DirectML backend enabling hardware agnostic acceleration of AI & ML workloads across the breadth of Windows hardware – DirectML will also support native Windows too, including TensorFlow on Windows! Once this preview is released, you will simply need to ensure that you have the latest Windows Insider Fast build, WSL 2 installed, install the correct driver for your GPU from the hardware vendor, and then you’ll be ready to start developing, training and testing your machine learning and AI models inside of WSL! This change will be released to the Windows Insiders Fast ring in the next few months. For all the details of what this change means and how it was made possible, please read the DirectX Developer blog post . Adding Linux GUI app support to WSL is on our roadmap One of our other most prolific requests is to support not just command-line apps, but Linux GUI apps as well. For example, some users want to run their preferred Linux GUI text editor or IDE in a Linux environment and work on their code stored locally within their distro’s filesystem, or simply develop Linux GUI apps on their Windows machine. Our goal is for you to be able to run Linux GUI apps on your desktop seamlessly alongside your Windows apps. This will enable you to use Linux apps to edit, build, and run your code, visualize data plots in Python, or even use applications that are optimized for a Linux environment. At BUILD we demonstrated an early version of this work, running a few GUI sample apps directly from WSL such as Eye of Gnome , gedit and the mpv media player. These apps connected to a wayland server running inside of WSL, which communicated with a RDP client on the Windows host. You can see a screenshot of this in action below where we’re running the GNOME file manager in WSL and Outlook side by side. These changes are on the WSL’s team roadmap and you can expect to hear more about this work by holiday 2020. Stay Involved To summarize, once you update to the Windows 10 May 2020 Update you’ll have full support for WSL 2 distros! If you join the Windows Insiders Fast Ring you’ll be ready to start receiving the latest WSL features including the new install experience and GPU compute within the next few months. There’s lots of exciting news and features coming to WSL, so please stay tuned to this blog for the details of any big announcements. You can follow me on Twitter @craigaloewen or members of the WSL team that are on Twitter for any news there as well. Please check out Kevin Gallo’s blog post for all of the Windows developer focused news from BUILD. Thank you for supporting WSL! 0 13 0 Share on Facebook Share on X Share on Linkedin Copy Link --> Category Command Line Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Share Author Craig Loewen Senior Product Manager 13 comments Discussion is closed. Login to edit/delete existing comments. Code of Conduct Sort by : Newest Newest Popular Oldest Bob Salita --> Bob Salita --> June 27, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Can someone provide a link to a forum that targets discussion of the intersection of WSL2, CUDA and data science? NN --> NN --> June 18, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Do you plan adding raw sockets support for WSL? emarsk --> emarsk --> May 30, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Soon, the best Linux distro for desktop will be Windows 😁 Dima Pursanov --> Dima Pursanov --> May 26, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Has anyone even tried this thing in reallife development? There seem to be clear problems with memory leaks and other (I'm on latest preview of Windows 10 2004, so probably it's already a release candidate)... For example: https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4498#issuecomment-634240548 I just can't continue Angular development with this distribution. Fortunately I've copy of WSL1 same distribution, so I can compare the two systems and the same setup with SAME applications just works OK in WSL1. The most interesting fact is that WSL2 is kind of VM (so for example it's OK to have some memory leaks for now), so it's FULL Linux,... Read more Has anyone even tried this thing in reallife development? There seem to be clear problems with memory leaks and other (I’m on latest preview of Windows 10 2004, so probably it’s already a release candidate)… For example: https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4498#issuecomment-634240548 I just can’t continue Angular development with this distribution. Fortunately I’ve copy of WSL1 same distribution, so I can compare the two systems and the same setup with SAME applications just works OK in WSL1. The most interesting fact is that WSL2 is kind of VM (so for example it’s OK to have some memory leaks for now), so it’s FULL Linux, not the command interpreter/translator; but even there ng serve is just not starting the work. I really tried with 2 clean installations, the result was the same. Read less Damien Daspit --> Damien Daspit --> May 21, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> In Windows, the full GPU memory is not available to a process, unlike Linux which has full access to the memory. In WSL, will processes have full access to GPU memory like normal Linux? Paolo Lampitella --> Paolo Lampitella --> May 21, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Is WSL in “Adding Linux GUI app support to WSL” intended as WSL, WSL2 or both? Frédéric THOMAS --> Frédéric THOMAS --> May 20, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> That sound great guys, thanks !! Questions: 1- When could we expect “GUI app support to WSL” in slow ring and public ? 2- Will it support different DPIs, multi screens, full Linux desktops or only apps ? Ascii Wolf --> Ascii Wolf --> May 20, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Great news! Now if only Windows 10 had SFTP support in Explorer, that’s the only thing I am missing. 🙂 Rucadi Kotori --> Rucadi Kotori --> May 21, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> I usually use wsl2 with sshfs to get SFTP Support in the explorer, not the best solution but it works! Frank Bowes --> Frank Bowes --> May 20, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Could I run Steam linux version on the subsystem with Vega 64? Fazil Babu --> Fazil Babu --> May 19, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> Will webcam access be available in the future? Malthe Cwlnd --> Malthe Cwlnd --> June 21, 2020 0 --> Collapse this comment --> Copy link --> --> --> --> +1 Would be great. BR Plakater Minida Load more comments Read next May 21, 2020 Microsoft Open-Sources GW-BASIC Rich Turner May 30, 2020 winget install learning Andrew Clinick Stay informed Get notified when new posts are published. Email * Country/Region * Select... 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https://dev.to/loiconlyone/jai-galere-pendant-3-semaines-pour-monter-un-cluster-kubernetes-et-voila-ce-que-jai-appris-30l6 | J'ai galéré pendant 3 semaines pour monter un cluster Kubernetes (et voilà ce que j'ai appris) - DEV Community Forem Feed Follow new Subforems to improve your feed DEV Community Follow A space to discuss and keep up software development and manage your software career Future Follow News and discussion of science and technology such as AI, VR, cryptocurrency, quantum computing, and more. Open Forem Follow A general discussion space for the Forem community. If it doesn't have a home elsewhere, it belongs here Gamers Forem Follow An inclusive community for gaming enthusiasts Music Forem Follow From composing and gigging to gear, hot music takes, and everything in between. Vibe Coding Forem Follow Discussing AI software development, and showing off what we're building. Popcorn Movies and TV Follow Movie and TV enthusiasm, criticism and everything in-between. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Add reaction Like Unicorn Exploding Head Raised Hands Fire Jump to Comments Save Boost More... Copy link Copy link Copied to Clipboard Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Mastodon Share Post via... Report Abuse BeardDemon Posted on Jan 10 J'ai galéré pendant 3 semaines pour monter un cluster Kubernetes (et voilà ce que j'ai appris) # kubernetes # devops # learning Le contexte Bon, soyons honnêtes. Au début, j'avais un gros bordel de scripts bash éparpillés partout. Genre 5-6 fichiers avec des noms comme install-docker.sh , setup-k8s-FINAL-v3.sh (oui, le v3...). À chaque fois que je devais recréer mon infra, c'était 45 minutes de galère + 10 minutes à me demander pourquoi ça marchait pas. J'avais besoin de quelque chose de plus propre pour mon projet SAE e-commerce. Ce que je voulais vraiment Pas un truc de démo avec minikube. Non. Je voulais: 3 VMs qui tournent vraiment (1 master + 2 workers) Tout automatisé - je tape une commande et ça se déploie ArgoCD pour faire du GitOps (parce que push to deploy c'est quand même cool) Des logs centralisés (Loki + Grafana) Et surtout : pouvoir tout péter et tout recréer en 10 minutes L'architecture (spoiler: ça marche maintenant) ┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Mon PC (Debian) │ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │ │ Master │ │ Worker 1 │ │ Worker 2│ │ │ .56.10 │ │ .56.11 │ │ .56.12 │ │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └─────────┘ └─────────────────────────────────────────┘ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Chaque VM a 4Go de RAM et 4 CPUs. Oui, ça bouffe des ressources. Non, ça passe pas sur un laptop pourri. Comment c'est organisé J'ai tout mis dans un repo bien rangé (pour une fois): ansible-provisioning/ ├── Vagrantfile # Les 3 VMs ├── playbook.yml # Le chef d'orchestre ├── manifests/ # Mes applis K8s │ ├── apiclients/ │ ├── apicatalogue/ │ ├── databases/ │ └── ... (toutes mes APIs) └── roles/ # Les briques Ansible ├── docker/ ├── kubernetes/ ├── k8s-master/ └── argocd/ Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Chaque rôle fait UN truc. C'est ça qui a changé ma vie. Shell scripts → Ansible : pourquoi j'ai migré Avant (la galère) J'avais un script prepare-system.sh qui ressemblait à ça: #!/bin/bash swapoff -a sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab modprobe br_netfilter # ... 50 lignes de commandes # Aucune gestion d'erreur # Si ça plante au milieu, bonne chance Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Le pire ? Si je relançais le script après un fail, tout pétait. Genre le sed essayait de supprimer une ligne qui existait plus. Classique. Après (je respire enfin) Maintenant j'ai un rôle Ansible system-prepare : - name : Virer le swap shell : swapoff -a ignore_errors : yes - name : Enlever le swap du fstab lineinfile : path : /etc/fstab regexp : ' .*swap.*' state : absent - name : Charger br_netfilter modprobe : name : br_netfilter state : present Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode La différence ? Je peux relancer 10 fois, ça fait pas de conneries C'est lisible par un humain Si ça plante, je sais exactement où Le Vagrantfile (ou comment lancer 3 VMs d'un coup) Vagrant . configure ( "2" ) do | config | config . vm . box = "debian/bullseye64" # Config libvirt (KVM/QEMU) config . vm . provider "libvirt" do | libvirt | libvirt . memory = 4096 libvirt . cpus = 4 libvirt . management_network_address = "192.168.56.0/24" end # NFS pour partager les manifests config . vm . synced_folder "." , "/vagrant" , type: "nfs" , nfs_version: 4 # Le master config . vm . define "vm-master" do | vm | vm . vm . network "private_network" , ip: "192.168.56.10" vm . vm . hostname = "master" end # Les 2 workers ( 1 .. 2 ). each do | i | config . vm . define "vm-slave- #{ i } " do | vm | vm . vm . network "private_network" , ip: "192.168.56.1 #{ i } " vm . vm . hostname = "slave- #{ i } " end end # Ansible se lance automatiquement config . vm . provision "ansible" do | ansible | ansible . playbook = "playbook.yml" ansible . groups = { "master" => [ "vm-master" ], "workers" => [ "vm-slave-1" , "vm-slave-2" ] } end end Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Un vagrant up et boom, tout se monte tout seul. Le playbook : l'ordre c'est important --- # 1. Tous les nœuds en même temps - name : Setup de base hosts : k8s_cluster roles : - system-prepare # Swap off, modules kernel - docker # Docker + containerd - kubernetes # kubelet, kubeadm, kubectl # 2. Le master d'abord - name : Init master hosts : master roles : - k8s-master # kubeadm init + Flannel # 3. Les workers ensuite, un par un - name : Join workers hosts : workers serial : 1 # IMPORTANT: un à la fois roles : - k8s-worker # 4. Les trucs bonus sur le master - name : Dashboard + ArgoCD + Monitoring hosts : master roles : - k8s-dashboard - argocd - logging - metrics-server Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Le serial: 1 c'est crucial. J'avais essayé sans, les deux workers essayaient de join en même temps et ça partait en cacahuète. Les rôles en détail Rôle: k8s-master (le chef d'orchestre) C'est lui qui initialise le cluster. Voici les parties importantes: - name : Init cluster k8s command : kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.10 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 when : not k8s_initialise.stat.exists - name : Copier config kubectl copy : src : /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf dest : /home/vagrant/.kube/config owner : vagrant group : vagrant - name : Installer Flannel (réseau pod) shell : | kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml environment : KUBECONFIG : /home/vagrant/.kube/config - name : Générer commande join pour les workers copy : content : " kubeadm join 192.168.56.10:6443 --token {{ k8s_token.stdout }} --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:{{ k8s_ca_hash.stdout }}" dest : /vagrant/join.sh mode : ' 0755' - name : Créer fichier .master-ready copy : content : " Master initialized" dest : /vagrant/.master-ready Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Le fichier .master-ready c'est un flag pour dire aux workers "go, vous pouvez join maintenant". Rôle: k8s-worker (le suiveur patient) - name : Attendre que le fichier .master-ready existe wait_for : path : /vagrant/.master-ready timeout : 600 - name : Joindre le cluster shell : bash /vagrant/join.sh args : creates : /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf register : join_result failed_when : - join_result.rc != 0 - " 'already exists in the cluster' not in join_result.stderr" - name : Attendre que le node soit Ready shell : | for i in {1..60}; do STATUS=$(kubectl get node $(hostname) -o jsonpath='{.status.conditions[?(@.type=="Ready")].status}') if [ "$STATUS" = "True" ]; then exit 0 fi sleep 5 done exit 1 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Le worker attend gentiment que le master soit prêt avant de faire quoi que ce soit. Les galères que j'ai rencontrées Galère #1: NFS qui marche pas Au début, le partage NFS entre l'hôte et les VMs plantait. Symptôme: mount.nfs: Connection timed out Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Solution: # Sur l'hôte sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server sudo systemctl start nfs-server sudo ufw allow from 192.168.56.0/24 Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Le firewall bloquait les connexions NFS. Classique. Galère #2: Kubeadm qui timeout Le kubeadm init prenait 10 minutes et finissait par timeout. Cause: Pas assez de RAM sur les VMs (j'avais mis 2Go). Solution: Passer à 4Go par VM. Ça bouffe mais c'est nécessaire. Galère #3: Les workers qui join pas Les workers restaient en NotReady même après le join. Cause: Flannel (le CNI) était pas encore installé sur le master. Solution: Attendre que Flannel soit complètement déployé avant de faire join les workers: - name : Attendre Flannel command : kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app=flannel -n kube-flannel --timeout=300s environment : KUBECONFIG : /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Galère #4: Ansible qui relance tout à chaque fois Au début, chaque vagrant provision refaisait TOUT depuis zéro. Solution: Ajouter des conditions when partout: - name : Init cluster k8s command : kubeadm init ... when : not k8s_initialise.stat.exists # ← Ça sauve des vies Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode L'idempotence c'est vraiment la base avec Ansible. Les commandes utiles au quotidien # Lancer tout cd ansible-provisioning && vagrant up # Vérifier l'état du cluster vagrant ssh vm-master -c 'kubectl get nodes' # Voir les pods vagrant ssh vm-master -c 'kubectl get pods -A' # Refaire le provisioning (sans détruire les VMs) vagrant provision # Tout péter et recommencer vagrant destroy -f && vagrant up # SSH sur le master vagrant ssh vm-master # Logs d'un pod vagrant ssh vm-master -c 'kubectl logs -n apps apicatalogue-xyz' Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ArgoCD et les applications Une fois le cluster monté, ArgoCD déploie automatiquement mes apps. Voici comment je déclare l'API Catalogue: apiVersion : argoproj.io/v1alpha1 kind : Application metadata : name : catalogue-manager-application namespace : argocd spec : destination : namespace : apps server : https://kubernetes.default.svc source : path : ansible-provisioning/manifests/apicatalogue repoURL : https://github.com/uha-sae53/Vagrant.git targetRevision : main project : default syncPolicy : automated : prune : true selfHeal : true Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode ArgoCD surveille mon repo GitHub. Dès que je change un manifest, ça se déploie automatiquement. Metrics Server et HPA J'ai aussi ajouté le Metrics Server pour l'auto-scaling: - name : Installer Metrics Server shell : | kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml environment : KUBECONFIG : /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf - name : Patcher pour ignorer TLS (dev seulement) shell : | kubectl patch deployment metrics-server -n kube-system --type='json' \ -p='[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/args/-", "value": "--kubelet-insecure-tls"}]' Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Avec ça, mes pods peuvent scaler automatiquement en fonction de la charge CPU/RAM. Le résultat final Après tout ça, voici ce que je peux faire: # Démarrer tout de zéro vagrant up # ⏱️ 8 minutes plus tard... # Vérifier que tout tourne vagrant ssh vm-master -c 'kubectl get pods -A' # Résultat: # NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS # apps apicatalogue-xyz 1/1 Running # apps apiclients-abc 1/1 Running # apps apicommandes-def 1/1 Running # apps api-panier-ghi 1/1 Running # apps frontend-jkl 1/1 Running # argocd argocd-server-xxx 1/1 Running # logging grafana-yyy 1/1 Running # logging loki-0 1/1 Running # kube-system metrics-server-zzz 1/1 Running Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Tout fonctionne, tout est automatisé. Conclusion Ce que j'ai appris: Ansible > scripts shell (vraiment, vraiment) L'idempotence c'est pas un luxe Tester chaque rôle séparément avant de tout brancher Les workers doivent attendre le master (le serial: 1 sauve des vies) 4Go de RAM minimum par VM pour K8s Le code complet est sur GitHub: https://github.com/uha-sae53/Vagrant Des questions ? Ping moi sur Twitter ou ouvre une issue sur le repo. Et si vous galérez avec Kubernetes, vous êtes pas seuls. J'ai passé 3 semaines là-dessus, c'est normal que ce soit compliqué au début. Top comments (0) Subscribe Personal Trusted User Create template Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Submit Preview Dismiss Code of Conduct • Report abuse Are you sure you want to hide this comment? It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink . Hide child comments as well Confirm For further actions, you may consider blocking this person and/or reporting abuse BeardDemon Follow Nananère je suis très sérieux... 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https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/?f=flair_name%3A%22Engineering%22 | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/askscience Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/askscience members online Create Post Feed About New Filtering by flair always uses New Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights AskScience Panel of Scientists XXVIII :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Joint Subreddit Statement: The Attack on U.S. Research Infrastructure :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Why can't ethylene be used as fuel? u/autruz • Why can't ethylene be used as fuel? Engineering I just saw Hank Green's last video where he makes the point that the reason why plastic is so cheap is that ethylene, its raw material, is a waste product from the oil & gas industry. He says ethylene can only be mixed in low percentage within the natural gas that is sold as fuel so there is an oversupply of it, but he doesn't elaborate why. Is that so? Why? Why do vehicles and robots need gyros but animals don't? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Derk_Mage • Why do vehicles and robots need gyros but animals don't? Engineering Boats use gyros and from what I've seen, robots too. So how come animals don't need gyros? Are runways oriented in a specific way or just put down randomly? u/KiTChIn_GaDGikS • Are runways oriented in a specific way or just put down randomly? Engineering Are they built to account for the prevolent wind direction or not at all? Created Sep 5, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 1.6M 7.1K Community Bookmarks Subreddit Guidelines FAQ Become a panelist! r/askscience Please read our guidelines and FAQ before posting Ask questions clearly and concisely in the title itself; questions should end with a question mark Answer questions with accurate, in-depth explanations, including peer-reviewed sources where possible Upvote on-topic answers supported by reputable sources and scientific research Downvote anecdotes, speculation, and jokes Report comments that do not meet our guidelines , including medical advice Be civil: Remember the human and follow Reddiquette No AI tools , all AI and machine generated content will result in an immediate and permanent ban. r/askscience Rules 1 Medical advice Medical advice is strictly prohibited on AskScience. 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A space to share projects, ask questions, and discuss server-driven templating Dropdown menu Dropdown menu Skip to content Navigation menu Search Powered by Algolia Search Log in Create account DEV Community Close Follow User actions Luigi Escalante Software Engineer fan from Ethical Hacking, Software Architecture, Anime and Coffee. Location Mexico Joined Joined on May 21, 2023 Personal website https://www.linkedin.com/in/luis-antonio-escalante-gutierrez/ github website Education Information tecnologies Bachelor's degree and Security Information Master's degree. Work Senior Software Engineer More info about @luigiescalante Badges Two Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least two years. Got it Close One Year Club This badge celebrates the longevity of those who have been a registered member of the DEV Community for at least one year. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/?f=flair_name%3A%22Social%20Science%22 | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/askscience Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/askscience members online Create Post Feed About New Filtering by flair always uses New Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights AskScience Panel of Scientists XXVIII :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Joint Subreddit Statement: The Attack on U.S. Research Infrastructure :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Why was it seemingly so difficult to circumnavigate Africa? Why couldn’t ships just hug the coast all the way around? u/Appropriate_Boss8139 • Why was it seemingly so difficult to circumnavigate Africa? Why couldn’t ships just hug the coast all the way around? Social Science AskScience AMA Series: I'm a historian of science who studies humanity's search for extraterrestrial intelligence - from our earliest theories to modern SETI. Ask Me Anything! :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/AskScienceModerator • AskScience AMA Series: I'm a historian of science who studies humanity's search for extraterrestrial intelligence - from our earliest theories to modern SETI. Ask Me Anything! Social Science Hi Reddit! I'm Dr. Rebecca Charbonneau, a historian at the American Institute of Physics specializing in the history of radio astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). I earned my PhD in History & Philosophy of Science from the University of Cambridge as a Gates Cambridge Scholar. I've held postdoctoral fellowships at the Harvard|Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, where I was the first social sciences Jansky Fellow. My first book, Mixed Signals: Alien Communication Across the Iron Curtain (Polity Press, 2025), explores the surprising Cold War history behind SETI, and has been positively reviewed by The New Yorker , Publishers Weekly , Undark Magazine , and more. I'm also an international affiliate of the St Andrews SETI Post-Detection Hub. I'll be on starting at 12 PM ET (16 UT) . Whether you're curious about alien messages, Cold War science, post-detection protocols, or how SETI has evolved over time - Ask Me Anything! Username: u/R_Charbonneau EDIT: I'm online now and excited to answer your questions! How do we estimate crime rates in the US and how accurate are those estimates? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Jealous-Factor7345 • How do we estimate crime rates in the US and how accurate are those estimates? Social Science Or maybe even better yet, what are the estimates that we do have actually good for? I'd seen someone suggest that even though most crimes go unreported, that they are still good to assess trends in crime. Is that even the case? Is our resolution good enough to detect a few percentage points change? Created Sep 5, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 1.6M 7.1K Community Bookmarks Subreddit Guidelines FAQ Become a panelist! r/askscience Please read our guidelines and FAQ before posting Ask questions clearly and concisely in the title itself; questions should end with a question mark Answer questions with accurate, in-depth explanations, including peer-reviewed sources where possible Upvote on-topic answers supported by reputable sources and scientific research Downvote anecdotes, speculation, and jokes Report comments that do not meet our guidelines , including medical advice Be civil: Remember the human and follow Reddiquette No AI tools , all AI and machine generated content will result in an immediate and permanent ban. r/askscience Rules 1 Medical advice Medical advice is strictly prohibited on AskScience. Asking for or giving medical advice are both against the rules. 2 Offensive or abusive language AskScience has a strict policy against abusive and offensive language. Unless that language is in the context of research, it has no place here. We hold comments and posts to a high level of professionalism. We require our users and volunteers to always maintain a level of professionalism in order to participate. 3 Homework question Homework questions are something that AskScience feels their experts should not be answering but instead should be answered by the person assigned the homework. While this is not always clear cut and is sometime up for personal interpretation, please report anything you believe to be homework. 4 Meme, joke, or just link Memes, jokes, or comments consisting solely of a link are not allowed. 5 Top-level comment not answering the question Top level comments (direct replies to a question, not a reply to another user's comment) must be an answer to the question posed, or a follow-up question to the post. 6 Nonreputable answer Answers should be supported by reputable sources and scientific research. Do not cite yourself as a source. 7 Simple calculation or easily Googleable If the question can be answered with a Google search, it is not appropriate for r/AskScience . Further, no simple calculations are allowed. 8 No bots, no AI generated answers Calendar Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology January 14, 2026 AskScience AMA Series: Stand Up for Science January 20, 2026 Ask Anything Wednesday - Economics, Political Science, Linguistics, Anthropology January 21, 2026 AskScience AMA Series: Snow Prediction and Modeling January 21, 2026 Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science January 28, 2026 Features Book List Mods' Choice : Outstanding posts recognized by the mod team Weekly Features : Archives of AskAnything Wednesday, FAQ Fridays, and more! FAQ : In-depth answers to many popular questions New and gilded posts /r/AskScienceDiscussion : For open-ended and hypothetical questions Filter by field Social Science Related Communities Find our comprehensive list of related subreddits here! Related Communities Related Communities Moderators Moderator list hidden. 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https://www.reddit.com/user/Doctor-Ugs/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home u/Doctor-Ugs Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu Doctor-Ugs u/Doctor-Ugs Overview Posts Comments back forward Feed options Feed options Hot New Top View Card Compact Back Now Today This Week This Month This Year All Time Looking for collaborators to push “deterministic, checkable learning” as far as it will go. :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/ProgrammingBuddies :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/ProgrammingBuddies A place for people to group up to learn and teach programming to each other. Members Online • Looking for collaborators to push “deterministic, checkable learning” as far as it will go. I’m a logician and I’m looking for collaborators to push a particular approach to (ML-like) constructive learning systems. In fact, I want to see how far this can be pushed under these constraints. I currently have promising results on MNIST and CIFAR-10 like tests. The goal now is to stress the system technically: scaling, feature design, update rules, tooling, and reproducibility. :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/computerscience A place to discuss computer science topics, not to ask for career advise or advertise Members Online r/computerscience :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/computerscience A place to discuss computer science topics, not to ask for career advise or advertise Members Online • Mechanical Computers Doctor-Ugs commented Yes. The electric computer is itself an instance of a mechanical computer (Turing Machine). Reply reply A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci Computer Science Theory and Application. We share and discuss any content that computer scientists find interesting. People from all walks of life welcome, including hackers, hobbyists, professionals, and academics. Members Online • A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock https://milanrosko.com/typedrepair.html :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online r/AlternateHistory :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online • [deleted by user] Doctor-Ugs replied to Responsible-Oven742 wow thank you for your valuable comment. I will change that. Maybe I will delete this and upload a version tomorrow or after tomorrow (don't want to spam). Have a great day Reply reply :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online r/AlternateHistory :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online • [deleted by user] Doctor-Ugs replied to Bill_K7 to give it a full picture: it's a commentary that goebbels was an absolute sex maniac. He told females that he was wounded in war (in reality he was a cripple) and had his own "casting couch". Reply reply :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online r/AlternateHistory :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online • [deleted by user] Doctor-Ugs replied to ovalgoatkid Because hentai is... how should I put it... "en vogue"... Reply reply :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online r/AlternateHistory :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online • [deleted by user] Doctor-Ugs replied to arcanuh hey im really curious if you could expand further. Reply reply :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online r/AlternateHistory :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/AlternateHistory The original alternate history subreddit Members Online • [deleted by user] Doctor-Ugs replied to Sad-Flounder-2644 The hentai part? Ugh people are really divided on this lol btw it's not hentai. Reply reply Doctor-Ugs Share Block Account Report Profile Follow 3,293 2995 post karma, 298 comment karma Karma 59 Contributions 11 y Cake day: Aug 2, 2014 Reddit Age :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> 53 Active in > Moderator of these communities :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/covidandme members :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/covid19designtesting member Trophy Case 11-Year Club Verified Email Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/?f=flair_name%3A%22Physics%22 | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/askscience Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/askscience members online Create Post Feed About New Filtering by flair always uses New Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights AskScience Panel of Scientists XXVIII :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Joint Subreddit Statement: The Attack on U.S. Research Infrastructure :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Can gravitational lensing create interference waves similar to the double slit experiment on a cosmic scale, and, if so, is there a way to calculate if Earth is in a dark area or a bright area for any given light source? u/DistantEndland • Can gravitational lensing create interference waves similar to the double slit experiment on a cosmic scale, and, if so, is there a way to calculate if Earth is in a dark area or a bright area for any given light source? Physics I'm not sure if I should have tagged this as Astronomy instead of Physics. It's kind of both, I guess. If you spiraled into a supermassive black hole, would you witness the heat death of the universe due to time dilation? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Emergency-Map9861 • If you spiraled into a supermassive black hole, would you witness the heat death of the universe due to time dilation? Physics Since time passes slower when in a strong gravitational field or when moving close to the speed of light, if you were to spiral into a supermassive black hole, would the rest of the outside universe completely die out by the time you passed the event horizon? What would happen if I candle was lit inside of a balloon filled with air, as far as expanding/contracting goes? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/mjh3394 • What would happen if I candle was lit inside of a balloon filled with air, as far as expanding/contracting goes? Physics If the balloon is filled with air, the candle could definitely burn until there's no longer enough oxygen to sustain it. But would doing so cause the warmer air to expand the balloon, or would the burning of the oxygen and reduction of available O2, even with production of CO2, cause it to contract? I don't know of all the other factors, like weight of each gas, the exact amount of O2 needed to sustain a fire, if there's a proportional formula for size of candle vs size of balloon or anything like that, but a rough answer, even an assumption, would be adequate enough to satiate my curiosity. However, the closer I am to a scientific answer, the more satisfied I will be. Created Sep 5, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 1.6M 7.1K Community Bookmarks Subreddit Guidelines FAQ Become a panelist! r/askscience Please read our guidelines and FAQ before posting Ask questions clearly and concisely in the title itself; questions should end with a question mark Answer questions with accurate, in-depth explanations, including peer-reviewed sources where possible Upvote on-topic answers supported by reputable sources and scientific research Downvote anecdotes, speculation, and jokes Report comments that do not meet our guidelines , including medical advice Be civil: Remember the human and follow Reddiquette No AI tools , all AI and machine generated content will result in an immediate and permanent ban. r/askscience Rules 1 Medical advice Medical advice is strictly prohibited on AskScience. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci/best/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights PSA: This is not r/Programming. Quick Clarification on the guidelines :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation u/KelynPaul • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation r/MachineLearning • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation After 8 years building production ML systems (in data quality, entity resolution, diagnostics), I keep running into the same problem: Models with great offline metrics fail in production because they learn correlations, not causal mechanisms. I just started a 5-part series on building causal ML systems on the NeoForge Labs research blog. Part 1 covers: Why correlation fails - The ice cream/drowning example, but with real production failures Pearl's Ladder of Causation - Association, Intervention, Counterfactuals Practical implications - When does this actually matter? Case study - Plant disease diagnosis (correlation vs. causal approach) Key insight: Your model can predict disease with 90% accuracy but still give recommendations that make things worse. Because prediction ≠ intervention. The series builds up to implementing a full causal inference system using DoWhy, with counterfactual reasoning and intervention optimization. Link (free to read): https://blog.neoforgelabs.tech/why-causality-matters-for-ai ( Also available on Medium for members ) Next parts: - Part 2 (Wed): Building Causal DAGs - Part 3 (Fri): Counterfactual Reasoning - Parts 4-5 (next week): Interventions + Distributed Systems Would love to hear your thoughts, especially if you've dealt with distribution shift, confounding, or intervention prediction in production. Questions I'm exploring: - When is causal inference overkill vs. essential? - What's the practical overhead of DAG construction? - How do you validate causal assumptions? Happy to discuss in the comments! upvotes · comments A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Doctor-Ugs • A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock https://milanrosko.com/typedrepair.html GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Afraid-Technician-74 • GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator r/osdev • GitHub - hn4-dev/hn4 https://github.com/hn4-dev/hn4 • comments Created Mar 24, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 45K 257 r/compsci Rules 1 Be on-topic This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/learnprogramming/comments/1q8v6x9/what_have_you_been_working_on_recently_january_10/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/learnprogramming Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> Go to learnprogramming r/learnprogramming • AutoModerator ไทย Deutsch Italiano What have you been working on recently? [January 10, 2026] What have you been working on recently? Feel free to share updates on projects you're working on, brag about any major milestones you've hit, grouse about a challenge you've ran into recently... Any sort of "progress report" is fair game! A few requests: If possible, include a link to your source code when sharing a project update. That way, others can learn from your work! If you've shared something, try commenting on at least one other update -- ask a question, give feedback, compliment something cool... We encourage discussion! If you don't consider yourself to be a beginner, include about how many years of experience you have. This thread will remained stickied over the weekend. Link to past threads here . Read more Share New to Reddit? Create your account and connect with a world of communities. Continue with Email Continue With Phone Number By continuing, you agree to our User Agreement and acknowledge that you understand the Privacy Policy . Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 0 0 Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. All rights reserved. Expand Navigation Collapse Navigation | 2026-01-13T08:47:50 |
https://www.reddit.com/r/csMajors/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/csMajors Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/csMajors members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights All posts about company internship/interviews belong in the corresponding mega thread. Announcement votes • comments Quant interview/internship questions Megathread Megathread votes • comments Miscellaneous companies interview/internship questions Megathread Megathread votes • comments Big Tech/bank interview questions Mega thread Megathread votes • comments FAANG interview process questions Mega thread Megathread votes • comments Stop using cluely, any engineer worth interviewing with isn't being fooled 💆 :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/the-scream-i-scrumpt • Stop using cluely, any engineer worth interviewing with isn't being fooled 💆 I need a man-rubbing-temples emoji, but I'll settle for this: 💆 ^ that's what I put up with for an hour this morning while this "1yr experience MLE" man child struggled to write basic Python code Of course when he was done, it was an idiomatic masterpiece, but we all know what happened. He's blacklisted now. If you don't have the patience to learn how to code, I don't think swe is for you. Please have some integrity, no matter how bad the job market is. 2025 New Grad Job Search (USA) :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Far_Lavishness5760 • 2025 New Grad Job Search (USA) Others Why is no one talking about Netflix? u/Sufficient_Ice_213 • Why is no one talking about Netflix? It's part of FAANG but everyone seems to be talking about every company besides Netflix. Did it just fall off? Created Oct 6, 2014 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 247K 4.5K Community Bookmarks Rules FAQ r/csMajors Rules 1 Out of scope This subreddit is for discussion related to university-level and other education in computer science and related fields (e.g. computer engineering, maths, information science, etc.). For more general college/university questions, please check out r/college . For questions that are more about careers/jobs than they are about college CS, please check out r/cscareerquestions 2 Respectful Engagement Offensive posts or comments are not permitted. Common sense is expected from users. This also applies to direct messages (modmail us if someone is trying to harass you that way). Note : in a small number of cases, we may use automated methods to block suspected accounts. Should you find yourself blocked by mistake, just modmail us. 3 Shitposts and memes Not allowed without mod authorisation. Use a subreddit like r/ProgrammerHumor instead. 4 AMAs, surveys, hiring and referrals All of the below require prior mod approval: AMAs (ask me anything). Approved AMAs can be stickied temporarily upon request. Surveys. Hiring requests. This only applies when a company, startup or individual intends to use this subreddit to solicit people for a job in THEIR company. Referrals (both requests and offers) In most cases, you will be requested to provide some proof of who you are. This is only to protect the community, and you won't need to disclose such evidence publicly. 5 Resume sticky Post it in the resume sticky thread. Otherwise you risk the thread being removed. Alternatively, post it somewhere like r/EngineeringResumes . 6 Amazon You MUST post all Amazon-related queries in its dedicated megathreads . You risk a ban if this is evaded. If you think your post deserves its own thread (or was removed when it shouldn't have), contact the mods beforehand. 7 Discussing online assessment and interview questions You may not discuss live OA questions on this subreddit. By "live" we mean official CodeSignal assessment questions, or questions that are being currently used in a company's online assessment (the platform used does not matter). Practice questions (such as CodeSignal's practice tests) are fine. While this rule does not apply for interviews, users are discouraged from discussing questions where they have signed an NDA not to share. 8 Spam Spam and promotional content aren't allowed in this subreddit. Note that it is usually OK to post (and we appreciate!) useful links and community that would benefit the community, but if the purpose of your post is to solicit the community rather than contributing to it, then it will most likely be removed. Egregious cases can result in an immediate ban. If in doubt message the mods. 9 Lazy or low-quality posts Posts are expected to have a certain level of effort put into it. Things that are likely to get the post removed include: a post which is not comprehensible (or has an empty body) a post with a poll and little else. This is commonly seen in posts that are asking readers to choose a company for them. We expect the poster to provide some details of their situation, such as the location of the roles, and what they think of them. After all, we want to help, but we need the details to do so. 10 Common questions You're expected to search the subreddit to see if your question has already been answered before making a post. 11 AI Large Language Models (LLMs) Content generated from AI LLMs is not allowed. Other posts around AI are permitted especially from an academic/technical POC. Please be mindful the other rules still apply, so these would not be allowed: Low quality and repetitive questions (using it for homework, impacts to the job market) Doomposting about the impact to computer science, job market, etc Self-promotion of wrapper projects is limited to the project thread Mod discretion may also apply where posts become flame wars. 12 College comparison posts They are no longer allowed on this subreddit by default; see https://www.reddit.com/r/csMajors/comments/12ch5wq/ban_of_comparison_threads/ 13 Laptop posts It's not really within the scope of this subreddit; use r/SuggestALaptop or r/laptops instead. Expect posts under this category to be removed. To be clear, this includes posts asking the community to suggest a laptop for them. 14 Restricted posts "Is CS for me"/"Regret majoring in CS"/"Job market is bad" UPS memes H1B and related discussion General discussion about diversity-based initiatives (DEI), not including GHC (Grace Hopper) or specific company-based pipelines (such as Google STEP/Microsoft Explore) New posts on these topics are not allowed without moderator approval; attempts to evade can lead to a ban. See https://www.reddit.com/r/csMajors/comments/1ho1j3m/new_threads_on_h1b_and_related_discussions_are/ 15 Personal projects Personal projects all go to https://www.reddit.com/r/csMajors/comments/1mcg0rc/project_showcase_megathread/ , unless your project is of a nature that deserves its own thread (you need to modmail us if you think that's the case). // THIS IS SIDEBAR Welcome, one and all, to CS Majors! Here we discuss university-level and other education in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Software Engineering, and related majors. Please keep the conversation semi-professional or better, adhere to the reddiquette , and remember to READ OUR RULES . Importantly, we have very little tolerance to users that try to evade automated filters (i.e, AutoMod). Such users risk an immediate ban. Discord The following discord is not officially affiliated or managed by this sub, but it is related and the person running it has been nice about asking as well as persistent, so into this sidebar it goes: discord.gg/csmajors u/flopsythesecond is the moderator for this discord, and should be contacted if you have any trouble with it. Wait, what goes here vs /r/cscareerquestions ? Good question! It's like this: if the question is more about college/university, it goes here; if it's more about a job, it goes there; if it's in between, it can go in either one. Examples of questions that can go in either would be, "Are college career fairs worth it?" or "What do you actually use from CS classes in real jobs?" or "Someone gave me this advice about getting an internship, is this right?" For more details, check out the rules. Want to ask a question? First : Read the rules Second : Check the FAQ (work-in-progress, not actually useful yet, I'll remove this comment when it is) Third : Search for prior posts on the subject Fourth : Post post post Contribute to the FAQ! We could always do with more help and wisdom, friend! The better the FAQ, the harder we can come down on lazy posters with low-effort OPs, which means a higher quality subreddit experience for you . 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https://www.reddit.com/r/techsupport/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/techsupport Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/techsupport members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights Recommended wiki articles (including malware removal) :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Weird program called Covenant Eyes wont let me uninstall it. :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Tacoman288 • Weird program called Covenant Eyes wont let me uninstall it. Open | Software I just bought a computer secondhand and I got a really good deal on it because they couldn't get it to function properly. I booted it up and everything was working fine but there was this weird app called covenant eyes that, upon further research, is an app that (I'm not joking) tracks what you goon to. 💀 I needed a code to uninstall it so I called the company that owns the software to ask them for an uninstall code but the lady on the line said she couldn't give it to me if I didn't have an account, and she asked me to call the person who had owned it before to ask them for the uninstall code. Now, idk about you, but asking about a program someone installed (or had installed for them) because they were gooning too much just seems like a conversation I don't want to have. Does anyone know how to get this off the computer? It has some pretty cool old files and retro games I want to dig through later so I don't want to wipe it completely. Landlord checks my WiFi activity. Vpn? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Different_Fortune_91 • Landlord checks my WiFi activity. Vpn? Open | Networking Im renting and wifi is included. Landlord told me he will check my activities regularly, so it doesn't get used for illegal things, according to him. I dont do illegal stuff but I dont feel comfortable getting my network history checked by him. If I get something like proton vpn, will he still see it if im connected to an vpn? I was signing into my school's public network on my Windows 11 and 5 random emails were suggested u/Dry_Junket9686 • I was signing into my school's public network on my Windows 11 and 5 random emails were suggested Open | Software They were all for different names, none of which I recognized. I am assuming this doesn't mean I was hacked because why would they leave their emails and why would there be several of them? But what else could possibly be the cause? Created Jun 10, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 2.2M 15K Community Bookmarks Discord Live Chat Helpful Links Our Rules! Mod Announcements TechSupport's Wiki New Wiki Old Reddit Wiki r/techsupport Rules 1 Read all the rules Please read our new rules page for more in-depth rules. https://rtech.support/docs/meta/rules 2 No Incomplete Posts Submissions consisting of the following are considered incomplete and will be removed: Posts with empty body, only a link in the body, title copied into the body, and/or lack of information in the body Posts with "Help" or non-descriptive titles. Please make your title and contents descriptive. 3 No Password or Account issues We cannot assist with password or account issues. No matter the reason. Do not message us asking us to make an exception. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/rising/ | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/askscience Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/askscience members online Create Post Feed About Rising Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights AskScience Panel of Scientists XXVIII :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments Joint Subreddit Statement: The Attack on U.S. Research Infrastructure :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments If the sun suddenly disappeared, how long would it take for the Earth to completely cool down? :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/ScipioAfricanisDirus • If the sun suddenly disappeared, how long would it take for the Earth to completely cool down? Planetary Sci. I understand that the Earth has its own internal heat budget and it would eventually reach a temperature based solely on the radiogenic and primordial heat it has, so how long would that take? How quickly would the heat from solar radiation completely radiate away? How did the Amazon rainforest exist during the African Humid Period? u/WizardofOxen • How did the Amazon rainforest exist during the African Humid Period? Earth Sciences I heard that the Amazon gets lots of phosphorus from the Sahara Desert. (Wikipedia) The rainforest likely formed during the Eocene era (from 56 million years to 33.9 million years ago)...The rainforest has been in existence for at least 55 million years , and most of the region remained free of savanna-type biomes at least until the current ice age when the climate was drier and savanna more widespread. (Also Wikipedia) The humid period began about 14,600–14,500 years ago at the end of Heinrich event 1 , simultaneously to the Bølling–Allerød warming ... Two major dry fluctuations occurred; during the Younger Dryas and the short 8.2 kiloyear event . The African humid period ended 6,000–5,000 years ago during the Piora Oscillation cold period. While some evidence points to an end 5,500 years ago, in the Sahel , Arabia and East Africa, the end of the period appears to have taken place in several steps, such as the 4.2-kiloyear event . Then how did the Amazon exist during the African Humid Period? Why can't ethylene be used as fuel? u/autruz • Why can't ethylene be used as fuel? Engineering I just saw Hank Green's last video where he makes the point that the reason why plastic is so cheap is that ethylene, its raw material, is a waste product from the oil & gas industry. He says ethylene can only be mixed in low percentage within the natural gas that is sold as fuel so there is an oversupply of it, but he doesn't elaborate why. Is that so? Why? Created Sep 5, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 1.6M 7.1K Community Bookmarks Subreddit Guidelines FAQ Become a panelist! r/askscience Please read our guidelines and FAQ before posting Ask questions clearly and concisely in the title itself; questions should end with a question mark Answer questions with accurate, in-depth explanations, including peer-reviewed sources where possible Upvote on-topic answers supported by reputable sources and scientific research Downvote anecdotes, speculation, and jokes Report comments that do not meet our guidelines , including medical advice Be civil: Remember the human and follow Reddiquette No AI tools , all AI and machine generated content will result in an immediate and permanent ban. r/askscience Rules 1 Medical advice Medical advice is strictly prohibited on AskScience. 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https://www.reddit.com/r/compsci?feedViewType=cardView | Reddit - The heart of the internet Skip to main content Open menu Open navigation Go to Reddit Home r/compsci Get App Get the Reddit app Log In Log in to Reddit Expand user menu Open settings menu :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> r/compsci members online Create Post Feed About Best Open sort options Best Hot New Top Rising Change post view Card Compact Community highlights PSA: This is not r/Programming. Quick Clarification on the guidelines :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> votes • comments [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation u/KelynPaul • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation r/MachineLearning • [D] Why Causality Matters for Production ML: Moving Beyond Correlation After 8 years building production ML systems (in data quality, entity resolution, diagnostics), I keep running into the same problem: Models with great offline metrics fail in production because they learn correlations, not causal mechanisms. I just started a 5-part series on building causal ML systems on the NeoForge Labs research blog. Part 1 covers: Why correlation fails - The ice cream/drowning example, but with real production failures Pearl's Ladder of Causation - Association, Intervention, Counterfactuals Practical implications - When does this actually matter? Case study - Plant disease diagnosis (correlation vs. causal approach) Key insight: Your model can predict disease with 90% accuracy but still give recommendations that make things worse. Because prediction ≠ intervention. The series builds up to implementing a full causal inference system using DoWhy, with counterfactual reasoning and intervention optimization. Link (free to read): https://blog.neoforgelabs.tech/why-causality-matters-for-ai ( Also available on Medium for members ) Next parts: - Part 2 (Wed): Building Causal DAGs - Part 3 (Fri): Counterfactual Reasoning - Parts 4-5 (next week): Interventions + Distributed Systems Would love to hear your thoughts, especially if you've dealt with distribution shift, confounding, or intervention prediction in production. Questions I'm exploring: - When is causal inference overkill vs. essential? - What's the practical overhead of DAG construction? - How do you validate causal assumptions? Happy to discuss in the comments! upvotes · comments A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Doctor-Ugs • A fully auditable, typed, Kleene-effective learning loop under a finite semantics lock https://milanrosko.com/typedrepair.html GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator :first-child]:h-full [&>:first-child]:w-full [&>:first-child]:mb-0 [&>:first-child]:rounded-[inherit] h-full w-full [&>:first-child]:overflow-hidden [&>:first-child]:max-h-full"> u/Afraid-Technician-74 • GitHub - HN4 (Hydra-Nexus 4) storage allocator r/osdev • GitHub - hn4-dev/hn4 https://github.com/hn4-dev/hn4 • comments Created Mar 24, 2008 Public Anyone can view, post, and comment to this community 45K 257 r/compsci Rules 1 Be on-topic This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application. Here, we discuss CS research, as well as theory behind software engineering and programming (e.g. language design). This is not a general purpose programming forum. Consider posting topics not related to Computer Science to r/programming . 2 No career, major, or study advice This subreddit is dedicated to the discussion of Computer Science theory and application, not the career focused aspects of CS. Posts about careers in CS belong in r/cscareerquestions . Posts about studying CS in university belong in r/csMajors . 3 No homework or introductory questions Even though we like to help you out, this is not the place for homework questions. There are ethical considerations such as how much help to give and what is the right kind of help. Additionally, even introductory questions may not be suitable for this subreddit. Consider instead posting about a generalized problem that can result in a broader discussion, rather than asking people to solve your problem. Check out r/csMajors , r/programming , and r/learnprogramming for additional resources. 4 No tech/programming support These kind of questions belong on r/techsupport , r/learnprogramming , r/programminghelp , r/CodingHelp or StackOverflow. If you want to learn programming, need help with a particular language or have some computer issue, go to those subreddits or to one directly involved with the topic. 5 No purchase advice Posts about consumer hardware are not allowed. Consider r/SuggestALaptop , r/PickAnAndroidForMe , or r/buildapc . Moderators Moderator list hidden. Learn More View all moderators Reddit Rules Privacy Policy User Agreement Accessibility Reddit, Inc. © 2026. All rights reserved. Expand Navigation Collapse Navigation | 2026-01-13T08:47:50 |
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