Datasets:
Formats:
json
Languages:
English
Size:
< 1K
Tags:
distributed-systems
debugging
root-cause-analysis
fault-localization
agents
software-engineering
License:
| { | |
| "@context": { | |
| "@language": "en", | |
| "@vocab": "https://schema.org/", | |
| "citeAs": "cr:citeAs", | |
| "column": "cr:column", | |
| "conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo", | |
| "cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/", | |
| "rai": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/", | |
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| "examples": { | |
| "@id": "cr:examples", | |
| "@type": "@json" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": "cr:extract", | |
| "field": "cr:field", | |
| "fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty", | |
| "fileObject": "cr:fileObject", | |
| "fileSet": "cr:fileSet", | |
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| "includes": "cr:includes", | |
| "isLiveDataset": "cr:isLiveDataset", | |
| "jsonPath": "cr:jsonPath", | |
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| "md5": "cr:md5", | |
| "parentField": "cr:parentField", | |
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| "sc": "https://schema.org/", | |
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| "wd": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/", | |
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| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0", | |
| "name": "DistDebug-Bench", | |
| "description": "DistDebug-Bench is a benchmark for code-level root-cause diagnosis of real-world bugs in distributed systems. It contains 120 resolved bugs from 11 open-source systems. Each bug comes with the original issue report, any attached logs and screenshots, and expert-annotated root-cause code blocks in the pre-fix source snapshot. An agent reads the report, explores a checkout of the system, and names the responsible files, functions, and line ranges; diagnoses are scored by their overlap with the gold blocks. DistDebug-Bench Lite is a 34-bug subset marked by the `lite` column.", | |
| "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench", | |
| "sameAs": [ | |
| "https://github.com/OrderLab/distdebug-bench", | |
| "https://distdebug.com" | |
| ], | |
| "license": "https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT.html", | |
| "version": "1.0.0", | |
| "inLanguage": "en", | |
| "isLiveDataset": false, | |
| "keywords": [ | |
| "distributed systems", | |
| "debugging", | |
| "root-cause diagnosis", | |
| "fault localization", | |
| "LLM agents", | |
| "software engineering", | |
| "benchmark" | |
| ], | |
| "creator": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Yuxuan Jiang", | |
| "url": "https://essoz.github.io" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Chenglin Liu" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "John Rose" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Mason Miller" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Ruthesh Thavamani" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Juntao Wu" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Yinwei Huang" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Jiahao Xu" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "Person", | |
| "name": "Peng Huang", | |
| "url": "https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~ryanph" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "publisher": { | |
| "@type": "Organization", | |
| "name": "OrderLab, University of Michigan" | |
| }, | |
| "citeAs": "@inproceedings{jiang2026distdebugbench,\n title = {{DistDebug-Bench}: Can {LLM} Agents Diagnose Bugs in Distributed Systems?},\n author = {Jiang, Yuxuan and Liu, Chenglin and Rose, John and Miller, Mason and Thavamani, Ruthesh and Wu, Juntao and Huang, Yinwei and Xu, Jiahao and Huang, Peng},\n booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Track on Evaluations and Datasets},\n year = {2026}\n}", | |
| "distribution": [ | |
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| "@id": "instances-jsonl", | |
| "name": "data/instances.jsonl", | |
| "description": "One row per bug.", | |
| "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench/resolve/main/data/instances.jsonl", | |
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| { | |
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| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl", | |
| "name": "data/gold_blocks.jsonl", | |
| "description": "One row per gold root-cause block.", | |
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| "@type": "cr:FileObject", | |
| "@id": "systems-jsonl", | |
| "name": "data/systems.jsonl", | |
| "description": "One row per source system.", | |
| "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench/resolve/main/data/systems.jsonl", | |
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| "@id": "repo", | |
| "name": "repo", | |
| "description": "The Hugging Face git repository of this dataset.", | |
| "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/OrderLab/distdebug-bench", | |
| "encodingFormat": "git+https", | |
| "sha256": "https://github.com/mlcommons/croissant/issues/80" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:FileSet", | |
| "@id": "artifact-image-files", | |
| "name": "artifact-image-files", | |
| "description": "Screenshots attached to issue reports.", | |
| "containedIn": { | |
| "@id": "repo" | |
| }, | |
| "encodingFormat": "image/png", | |
| "includes": "artifacts/*/*.png" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:FileSet", | |
| "@id": "artifact-log-files", | |
| "name": "artifact-log-files", | |
| "description": "Log files attached to issue reports.", | |
| "containedIn": { | |
| "@id": "repo" | |
| }, | |
| "encodingFormat": "text/plain", | |
| "includes": "artifacts/*/*.log" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "recordSet": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:RecordSet", | |
| "@id": "systems", | |
| "name": "systems", | |
| "description": "The 11 distributed systems the bugs come from, with upstream licenses.", | |
| "key": { | |
| "@id": "systems/system" | |
| }, | |
| "field": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/system", | |
| "name": "system", | |
| "description": "System identifier used in `instance_id`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
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| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/name", | |
| "name": "name", | |
| "description": "Display name.", | |
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| "source": { | |
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| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/repository_url", | |
| "name": "repository_url", | |
| "description": "Upstream source repository.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:URL", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "repository_url" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/language", | |
| "name": "language", | |
| "description": "Primary implementation language.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
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| "extract": { | |
| "column": "language" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/license", | |
| "name": "license", | |
| "description": "SPDX license expression of the upstream repository's current default branch. Historical snapshots may differ. The dataset references paths and line numbers in these repositories but does not redistribute their source code.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "license" | |
| } | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/issue_tracker", | |
| "name": "issue_tracker", | |
| "description": "Tracker the issue reports come from.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
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| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
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| "extract": { | |
| "column": "issue_tracker" | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "systems/description", | |
| "name": "description", | |
| "description": "Short description of the system.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "systems-jsonl" | |
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| "extract": { | |
| "column": "description" | |
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| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:RecordSet", | |
| "@id": "instances", | |
| "name": "instances", | |
| "description": "The 120 benchmark bugs. An agent receives `title`, `description`, the attached artifacts, and a checkout of the system at `branch`, and must name the root-cause code blocks.", | |
| "key": { | |
| "@id": "instances/instance_id" | |
| }, | |
| "field": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/instance_id", | |
| "name": "instance_id", | |
| "description": "Unique bug identifier, `<system>-<issue number>`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
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| "extract": { | |
| "column": "instance_id" | |
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| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/system", | |
| "name": "system", | |
| "description": "Source system; references `systems`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/issue_number", | |
| "name": "issue_number", | |
| "description": "Issue number in the system's tracker.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "issue_number" | |
| } | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/lite", | |
| "name": "lite", | |
| "description": "Whether the bug is in DistDebug-Bench Lite (34 bugs).", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Boolean", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "lite" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/title", | |
| "name": "title", | |
| "description": "Issue title. Agent input.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "title" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/description", | |
| "name": "description", | |
| "description": "Issue description as given to the agent. Prior root-cause analysis is removed where `analysis_removed` says so. Agent input.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "description" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/branch", | |
| "name": "branch", | |
| "description": "Branch, tag, or commit of the pre-fix source snapshot that gold-block line numbers refer to.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "branch" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/issue_url", | |
| "name": "issue_url", | |
| "description": "URL of the original issue report. Not shown to agents.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:URL", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "issue_url" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/fix_url", | |
| "name": "fix_url", | |
| "description": "URL of the fixing pull request, commit, or patch, when recorded. Not shown to agents.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:URL", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "fix_url" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/issue_created", | |
| "name": "issue_created", | |
| "description": "Creation date of the issue, when recorded.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Date", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "issue_created" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/severity", | |
| "name": "severity", | |
| "description": "Severity label (Blocker, Critical, Major).", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "severity" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/root_cause_type", | |
| "name": "root_cause_type", | |
| "description": "Coarse root-cause category (e.g., Logic, Concurrency, Error handling). Not an exhaustive taxonomy.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "root_cause_type" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/bug_complexity", | |
| "name": "bug_complexity", | |
| "description": "Annotator-assessed complexity.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "bug_complexity" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/distributed", | |
| "name": "distributed", | |
| "description": "Whether the failure involves interaction between distributed components.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Boolean", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "distributed" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/contains_analysis", | |
| "name": "contains_analysis", | |
| "description": "Whether the original report contained prior root-cause analysis.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Boolean", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "contains_analysis" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/analysis_removed", | |
| "name": "analysis_removed", | |
| "description": "Whether that analysis was removed from `description` (No, Partly Removed, N/A).", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
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| "extract": { | |
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| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/contains_logs", | |
| "name": "contains_logs", | |
| "description": "Whether the report includes logs, inline or attached.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Boolean", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "contains_logs" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/contains_stack_traces", | |
| "name": "contains_stack_traces", | |
| "description": "Whether the report includes stack traces.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Boolean", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "contains_stack_traces" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "instances/num_artifacts", | |
| "name": "num_artifacts", | |
| "description": "Number of attached files in `artifact_images` and `artifact_logs`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Integer", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "instances-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "num_artifacts" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:RecordSet", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks", | |
| "name": "gold_blocks", | |
| "description": "The 218 expert-annotated root-cause blocks used for scoring. Labels capture the annotated causal implementation in the pre-fix snapshot, not every location where the bug could be repaired.", | |
| "key": [ | |
| { | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/instance_id" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/block_index" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "field": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/instance_id", | |
| "name": "instance_id", | |
| "description": "Bug identifier; references `instances`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "instance_id" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/block_index", | |
| "name": "block_index", | |
| "description": "Zero-based index of the block within the bug.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Integer", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "block_index" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/file", | |
| "name": "file", | |
| "description": "Repository-relative path of the file containing the block.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "file" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/function", | |
| "name": "function", | |
| "description": "Enclosing function or method.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "function" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/start_line", | |
| "name": "start_line", | |
| "description": "First line of the block (1-based) in the pre-fix snapshot.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Integer", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "start_line" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "gold_blocks/end_line", | |
| "name": "end_line", | |
| "description": "End of the block; the evaluator scores ranges as half-open [start_line, end_line).", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Integer", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileObject": { | |
| "@id": "gold-blocks-jsonl" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "column": "end_line" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:RecordSet", | |
| "@id": "artifact_images", | |
| "name": "artifact_images", | |
| "description": "The 17 screenshots attached to issue reports. Agent input.", | |
| "field": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_images/instance_id", | |
| "name": "instance_id", | |
| "description": "Bug the file is attached to; references `instances`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-image-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "fullpath" | |
| }, | |
| "transform": { | |
| "regex": "^.*artifacts/([^/]+)/[^/]+$" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_images/file_name", | |
| "name": "file_name", | |
| "description": "Original file name.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-image-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "filename" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_images/image", | |
| "name": "image", | |
| "description": "The screenshot.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:ImageObject", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-image-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "content" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:RecordSet", | |
| "@id": "artifact_logs", | |
| "name": "artifact_logs", | |
| "description": "The 4 log files attached to issue reports. Agent input.", | |
| "field": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_logs/instance_id", | |
| "name": "instance_id", | |
| "description": "Bug the file is attached to; references `instances`.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-log-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "fullpath" | |
| }, | |
| "transform": { | |
| "regex": "^.*artifacts/([^/]+)/[^/]+$" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_logs/file_name", | |
| "name": "file_name", | |
| "description": "Original file name.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-log-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "filename" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "artifact_logs/content", | |
| "name": "content", | |
| "description": "The log file's text.", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
| "fileSet": { | |
| "@id": "artifact-log-files" | |
| }, | |
| "extract": { | |
| "fileProperty": "content" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "rai:dataLimitations": "DistDebug-Bench covers resolved bugs in public, open-source distributed systems, and evaluates code-level root-cause diagnosis only. It is not representative of all software bugs, closed-source or industrial debugging, UI bugs, security vulnerabilities, or performance tuning. Selection favors bugs that were publicly reported, fixed, and labelable: fixes over 100 changed source lines are excluded unless the causal span is clearly separable. Gold blocks encode the annotated causal implementation established through issue resolution; a valid diagnosis may name other locations where the bug could be mitigated, and such diagnoses score low. Some root-cause categories contain few bugs, so per-category results are noisy. The issues are public, so models may have seen them during pretraining. The benchmark should not be used to claim general software-engineering ability, or to evaluate patch generation without additional validation.", | |
| "rai:dataBiases": "Systems with active public issue trackers and detailed engineering discussions are over-represented, and Java systems account for 70 of the 120 bugs. Reports are in English. Labels are human-curated and reflect annotator judgment about the minimal root-cause code. Reports with logs, stack traces, prior analysis, or clear fix links are easier to label and may be over-represented relative to real-world debugging workloads.", | |
| "rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "No personal or sensitive attributes were intentionally collected. The data does not target gender, age, health, socioeconomic status, political or religious beliefs, culture, or geography. Because issue reports and logs are copied from public GitHub and Apache JIRA trackers, they may contain incidental public usernames, host names, IP addresses, timestamps, and file paths. The data is not intended for profiling or demographic inference.", | |
| "rai:dataUseCases": "Validated use: evaluating LLM agents and other tools on code-level root-cause diagnosis of distributed-system failures, given an issue report, its attachments, and a checkout of the pre-fix source; and characterizing what evidence issue reports provide. Not validated for model training, patch-generation evaluation, production debugging, or security triage.", | |
| "rai:dataSocialImpact": "Positive impact: more rigorous evaluation of debugging agents and better understanding of distributed-system failures, supporting software reliability research. Risks: overclaiming general debugging ability from a specialized benchmark, overfitting to public instances, training on the data without respecting upstream terms, and operational reliance on agents that may hallucinate root causes. Mitigations: versioned releases, provenance links for every bug, per-system license metadata, and documented scope and limitations.", | |
| "rai:hasSyntheticData": false, | |
| "prov:wasDerivedFrom": [ | |
| { | |
| "@id": "source-github", | |
| "prov:label": "GitHub issue trackers and source repositories (Elasticsearch, etcd, Kubernetes, Ray, TiKV)", | |
| "sc:license": "Issue content is subject to GitHub's terms and the respective projects; source code licenses are listed in the `systems` record set.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": { | |
| "@id": "https://github.com", | |
| "prov:label": "GitHub" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@id": "source-apache-jira", | |
| "prov:label": "Apache JIRA issue reports and Apache source repositories (HBase, HDFS, Ignite, Ignite 3, Kafka, ZooKeeper)", | |
| "sc:license": "Issue content is subject to Apache Software Foundation terms; source code is under Apache-2.0.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": { | |
| "@id": "https://www.apache.org/", | |
| "prov:label": "Apache Software Foundation" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "prov:wasGeneratedBy": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Activity", | |
| "prov:type": { | |
| "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239" | |
| }, | |
| "prov:label": "Issue and fix collection", | |
| "sc:description": "Collected resolved issue reports, their attachments, and linked fixing pull requests or commits from the upstream trackers of eleven distributed systems.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Agent", | |
| "@id": "distdebug-bench-authors", | |
| "prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Activity", | |
| "prov:type": { | |
| "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172378" | |
| }, | |
| "prov:label": "Benchmark instance filtering", | |
| "sc:description": "Kept closed, high-impact issues with an associated fix that describe a concrete failure and are diagnosable from issue-side context. Excluded large refactorings, test-only changes, and fixes over 100 changed source lines unless the causal span is clearly separable. Later discussion that reveals the root cause or patch strategy was removed or ignored.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Agent", | |
| "@id": "distdebug-bench-authors", | |
| "prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Activity", | |
| "prov:type": { | |
| "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109719325" | |
| }, | |
| "prov:label": "Expert root-cause annotation", | |
| "sc:description": "Each issue was independently annotated by three annotators, who inspected the report, the fixing change, and the affected code and marked the minimal pre-fix code blocks that embody the bug (file, function, line range), excluding tests, helper refactors, defensive hardening, and incidental cleanup. Labels were then reconciled into the final gold set; the paper's appendix reports inter-annotator agreement.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Agent", | |
| "@id": "distdebug-bench-authors", | |
| "prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Activity", | |
| "prov:type": { | |
| "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762" | |
| }, | |
| "prov:label": "Validation", | |
| "sc:description": "Annotators audited each accepted issue to confirm it is diagnosable without post-report discussion and that the report does not reveal the root cause. Labels and metadata were checked for consistency, including benchmark size, per-system coverage, block counts, and artifact availability.", | |
| "prov:wasAttributedTo": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "prov:Agent", | |
| "@id": "distdebug-bench-authors", | |
| "prov:label": "DistDebug-Bench authors, University of Michigan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "datePublished": "2026-11-01" | |
| } | |