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e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.2.8 FSK, Urban, Redcap UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.2.8: FSK, Urban, Redcap UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For RedCap UE and Urban scenario, comparing MIL of FSK based LP-WUS to legacy PUSCH for Msg.3,
- [8A-2], [8A-5] and [8A-7] show it is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e.MIL margin Y>=-1dB)
- [8A-5] and [8A-2] with LP-WUS resource X=4.32 MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL m... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.2.9 OFDM, Urban, Normal UE, PDCCH | Table 8.2.2.9-1: Gap with PDCCH AL16, 4RX
Observation:
For normal UE and urban scenario, comparing MIL of OFDM based LP-WUS to legacy PDCCH AL16, 4Rx for paging
- [8A-3], [8A-7] and [8A-8] show that with the LP-WUS resource of X=0.31~8.64 MHz*Symbol/bit , the MIL margin Y is -7.92~-3.91 dB
Table 8.2.2.9-2: Gap with PDC... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.2.10 OFDM, Urban, Redcap UE, PDCCH | Table 8.2.2.10-1: Gap with PDCCH AL16, 1RX
Observation:
For Redcap UE and Urban scenario, comparing MIL of OFDM based LP-WUS to legacy PDCCH AL16, 1Rx for paging
- [8A-3], [8A-11] and [8A-8] show that it is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin >=-1dB)
- [8A-3] and [8A-8] with LP-WUS resource X=0.43~2.16 ... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.2.11 OFDM, Urban, Normal UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.2.11: Gap with PUSCH Msg.3
Observation:
For Normal UE and Urban scenario, [8A-3], [8A-5], [8A-7], [8A-8], [8A-11] and [8A-13], show OFDM based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin >=-1dB) than PUSCH for Msg.3
- [8A-5], [8A-8], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show that with LP-WUS resource X= 0.31... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.2.12 OFDM, Urban, Redcap UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.2.12: OFDM, Urban, Redcap UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For RedCap UE and Urban scenario, [8A-3], [8A-5], [8A-7], [8A-8], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show OFDM based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin >=-1dB) than PUSCH for Msg.3
- [8A-5], [8A-8], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show that with LP-WUS resource... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3 Results for rural | In the evaluation, FAR of 0.1% and 1% are used by companies.
The LP-WUR noise figure assumed for coverage evaluation is
- For OOK based LP-WUS, 12~15dB
- For OFDM based LP-WUS, 9.5~12dB |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.1 OOK, Rural, normal UE, PDCCH | Gap with AL16, 2Rx
Table 8.2.3.1-1: Gap with AL16, 2Rx, OOK, Rural, normal UE, PDCCH
Observation:
For normal UE and Rural scenario, comparing MIL of OOK based LP-WUS to legacy PDCCH AL16, 2Rx for paging
- [8A-11] shows that it is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin >=-1dB) when LP-WUS resource X=69.12 M... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.2 OOK, Rural, Redcap UE, PDCCH | Gap with AL16, 1Rx
Table 8.2.3.2-1: Gap with AL16, 1Rx, OOK, Rural, normal UE, PDCCH
Observation:
For RedCap UE and Rural scenario, comparing MIL of OOK based LP-WUS to legacy PDCCH AL16, 1Rx for paging
- [8A-16] shows that it is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin >=-1dB) when LP-WUS resource X=46.08 M... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.3 OOK, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.3: OOK, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For Normal UE in Rural, based on the results, [8A-3], [8A-5], [8A-6], [8A-11], [8A-13] and [8A-14] show OOK based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than MSG3 PUSCH,
- [8A-5], [8A-6], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show that with LP-WUS r... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.4 OOK, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.4: OOK, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For RedCap UE in Rural, based on the results, [8A-3], [8A-5], [8A-16], [8A-11], [8A-13] and [8A-14] show OOK based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than MSG3 PUSCH,
- [8A-5], [8A-11], [8A-13] and [8A-16] show that with LP-WUS... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.5 FSK, Rural, normal UE, PDCCH | No input |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.6 FSK, Rural, Redcap UE, PDCCH | No input |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.7 FSK, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.7: FSK, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For normal UE and Rural scenario, [8A-5] shows FSK based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than MSG3 PUSCH when
- LP-WUS resource X=4.32MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL margin Y=0.13dB |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.8 FSK, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.8: FSK, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For RedCap UE and Rural scenario, [8A-5] shows FSK based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than MSG3 PUSCH when
- LP-WUS resource X=4.32MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL margin Y=0.13dB |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.9 OFDM, Rural, normal UE, PDCCH | Gap with PDCCH AL16, 2Rx
Table 8.2.3.9-1 Gap with PDCCH AL16, 2Rx
Observation:
- For normal UE and Rural scenario, comparing MIL of OFDM based LP-WUS to legacy PDCCH AL16, 2Rx
- [8A-11] show that with the LP-WUS resource of X=17.28 MHz*Symbol/bit, the MIL margin Y is -2.36 dB.
Gap with PDCCH AL8 2Rx
Table 8.2.3.9-2: G... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.10 OFDM, Rural, Redcap UE, PDCCH | Gap with PDCCH AL16 1Rx
Table 8.2.3.10-1: Gap with PDCCH AL16 1Rx
Observation:
For Redcap UE in Rural, [8A-11] shows OFDM based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than PDCCH AL16 1Rx for paging when
- LP-WUS resource X=7.2 MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL margin Y=-0.28dB
Gap with PDCCH AL8 1Rx
T... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.11 OFDM, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.11: OFDM, Rural, Normal UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For normal UE in Rural, [8A-5], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show OFDM based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than PUSCH for MSG.3 when
- LP-WUS resource X=1.8~3.6 MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL margin Y=0.62dB~4.36dB |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.2.3.12 OFDM, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3 | Table 8.2.3.12: OFDM, Rural, Redcap UE, Msg.3
Observation:
For RedCap UE in Rural, [8A-5], [8A-11] and [8A-13] show OFDM based LP-WUS is feasible to achieve comparable MIL (i.e. MIL margin Y>=-1dB) than PUSCH for MSG.3 when
- LP-WUS resource X=1.8~3.6 MHz*Symbol/bit, MIL margin Y=0.62dB~4.36dB |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3 LLS results observations | In this clause and sub-clauses it is assumed that "tolerate" means that SNR degradation <= 2dB compared to error free case. Clause is based on contributed results in [8B-29]. |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.1 Timing error | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.1.1 Results for timing error (without sliding window) | The results are generated so that script finds a pair of results from a single source that differ only in timing error column. The SNR degradation is extracted, and the smallest degradation shown by a source is taken as representative value for the source.
For the following Waveforms:
- OOK-1 30kHz SCS
- OOK-1 60kHz SC... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.1.2 Results for timing error (with sliding window) | For the following waveforms:
- OOK-1 30kHz SCS
- OOK-1 60kHz SCS
- OOK-1 120kHz SCS
- OOK-2 M=2
- OOK-2 M=4
- OOK-3
- OOK-4 M=2
- OOK-4 M=4
- OOK-4 M>4
- FSK M=1
- FSK-1 M=2
- FSK-2 M=2
- OFDMA
With the following assumption
- ADC bit-width is 4 or more bits.
- Frequency error is 0 ppm.
- Other parameters are not restri... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.2 Frequency error | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.2.1 Results for frequency error | The results are generated so that script finds a pair of results from a single source that differ only in frequency error column. The SNR degradation is extracted, and the smallest degradation shown by company is taken as representative value for the source.
For the following waveforms:
- OOK-1 30kHz SCS
- OOK-1 60kHz ... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.3 Spectral efficiency | For the following waveforms:
- OOK-1 30kHz SCS
- OOK-1 60kHz SCS
- OOK-1 120kHz SCS
- OOK-2 M=2
- OOK-2 M=4
- OOK-3
- OOK-4 M=2
- OOK-4 M=4
- OOK-4 M>4
- FSK M=1
- FSK-1 M=2
- FSK-2 M=2
- OFDMA
With the following assumptions:
- Timing error = 0us.
- Frequency error = 0ppm.
- Only TDL-C results.
- Other parameters are n... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.4 RSRP RRM measurement accuracy | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.4.1 Results for LP-SS RSRP RRM measurement, TDL-C | Given assumption:
- Resource unit is defined as total resource used for measurement, i.e. resource length [sym] * # of samples used for averaging.
- X is the SNR target for measurement, Y is the measurement accuracy (delta-RSRP for 90% measurements)
- Results are shown per each value of X in particular Resource unit r... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.4.2 Results for LP-SS RSRP RRM measurement, AWGN | Given assumptions:
- Resource unit is defined as total resource used for measurement, i.e., resource length [sym] * # of samples used for averaging.
- X is the SNR target for measurement, Y is the measurement accuracy (delta-RSRP for 90% measurements)
- Results are shown per each value of X in particular Resource unit ... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.4.3 Results for SSS RSRP RRM measurement, TDL-C | Given assumptions:
- Resource unit is defined as total resource used for measurement, i.e. resource length [sym] * # of samples used for averaging.
- X is the SNR target for measurement, Y is the measurement accuracy (delta-RSRP for 90% measurements)
- Results are shown per each value of X in particular Resource unit r... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.5 RSRQ RRM measurement accuracy | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.5.1 Results LP-SS, AWGN | Given assumptions:
- Resource unit is defined as total resource used for measurement, i.e. resource length [sym] * # of samples used for averaging.
- X is the SNR target for measurement, Y is the measurement accuracy (delta-RSRQ for 90% measurements)
- Results are shown per each value of X in particular Resource unit r... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.3.5.2 Results LP-SS, TDL-C | Given assumptions:
- Resource unit is defined as total resource used for measurement, i.e. resource length [sym] * # of samples used for averaging.
- X is the SNR target for measurement, Y is the measurement accuracy (delta-RSRQ for 90% measurements)
- Results are shown per each value of X in particular Resource unit r... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.4 Network power consumption | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.4.1 Collection of the results | Evaluation of the network power consumption for introducing LP-SS is summarized in Table 8.4.
It is assumed that the LP-SS periodicity is 320ms. And for more results and details, it can be found in Annex 8.4.
Table 8.4: Summary of network power consumption increases for introducing LP-SS
Network load
Company
LP-SS peri... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.4.2 Observations | When 320ms LP-SS periodicity, 4 or 8 beams and no more than 14 symbols LP-SS duration is assumed,
- For zero load, results in [8A-3] [8A-11] [8A-13] show that additional increased network power consumption rate is (0.06%~3.9%);
- For low load, results in [8A-11] [8A-13] show that additional increased network power cons... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5 System overhead | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.1 Collection of the results | Evaluation of the LP-WUS and LP-SS overhead are summarized in Table 8.5. And for more results and details, it can be found in Annex 8.5. |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.1.1 RRC IDLE/INACTIVE | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.1.1.1 LP-WUS | The system overhead of LP-WUS for RRC IDLE/INACTIVE is summarized in Table 8.5.1-1.
Table 8.5.1-1: Summary of System overhead for LP-WUS for RRC IDLE/INACTIVE
Source
Signal
# of info bits carried by signal
Overhead (%)
T resources per beam
F resources
SCS
number of paged UE per second
Number of LP-WUS transmissions per... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.1.1.2 LP-SS | The System overhead of LP-SS for RRC IDLE/INACTIVE is summarized in Table 8.5.1-2
Table 8.5.1-2: Summary of System overhead for LP-SS for RRC IDLE/INACTIVE
Source
Signal
Overhead (%)
T resources per beam
F resources
SCS
number of pages UE per second or signal periodicity
System configuration, e.g., BW and etc.
the targ... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.1.2 RRC CONNECTED | The System overhead of LP-WUS for RRC CONNECTED is summarized in Table 8.5.1 - 3
Table 8.5.1-3: Summary of System overhead for LP-WUS for RRC CONNECTED
Source
Signal
# of info bits carried by signal
Overhead (%)
T resources per beam
F resources
SCS
traffic types
Number of UEs per cell
System configuration, e.g., BW and... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 8.5.2 Observations | For RRC IDLE/INACTIVE,
- For LP-WUS carrying 1-bit information, depending on the time-frequency occupation, traffic inter-arrival time, number of beams, system BW, the system overhead varies,
- Results in [8A-11] shows that for OOK based LP-WUS system overhead is [0.003%~0.055%] for LP-WUS with 8 beams, 100MHz system B... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9 Conclusions | |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.1 Power/latency/coverage/overhead/network energy | RAN1 has identified use cases of LP-WUS/WUR for power sensitive devices including IoT, wearable and eMBB, and for both IDLE/INACTIVE and CONNECTED mode usage. RAN1 has identified the performance metrics and KPIs for the studies of LP-WUS/WUR including UE power consumption, coverage, latency and UPT as well as metrics a... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.2 LP-WUR architecture | For the LP-WUR architecture,
- For OOK waveform, 3 types of receiver architectures have been considered: RF envelope detection, heterodyne architecture with IF envelope detection, and homodyne/zero-IF architecture with baseband envelope detection.
- For RF envelope detection, the reported relative power consumption for... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.3 LLS performance and LP-WUS design/L1 procedure | RAN1 studied robustness of OOK-1, OOK-2, OOK-3, OOK-4, FSK-1, FSK-2 and OFDMA waveform to time and frequency offset in Clauses 8.3.1, and 8.3.2 resp. and observed the following:
- OOK/FSK waveform with longer time segment and with a single or multiple frequency segments is comparable (0 us) or more robust (by 4us) to t... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.4 RAN4 RF study | During the SI study for LP-WUS/WUR, RAN4 had discussed and analysed the RF related issues, some of the key issues are listed as following:
- LP-WUR UE architectures including the variant implementations
- Guard RBs for ACS and ASCS cases with RF impairments (e.g., CFO, phase noise, non-linearities) for RAN1 assumed LP-... |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.5 RAN4 RRM aspects for serving cell RSRP/RSRQ measurement offloading to LP-WUR | RAN4 confirms that the evaluation methodology as described in clause 8.3.4 and 8.3.5 for serving cell RSRP/RSRQ measurement offloading to LP-WUR for IDLE/INACTIVE mode is reasonable for the study item. |
e9a0692dcc3bb07e43038ed0aba9cbd5 | 38.869 | 9.6 Higher-layer aspects | For RRC_IDLE/INACTIVE mode:
- RAN2 has studied the procedure where network configures LR for LP-WUS monitoring and concluded that LP-WUS to control paging/PEI monitoring with no UE reporting of WUS coverage status or change is feasible. Details are to be decided in WI phase.
- RAN2 has studied and concluded to support ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 1 Scope | The present document is an output of the 3GPP work item "Future GERAN Evolution" [1].
The scope of this document is to capture the results of the feasibility study on the GERAN, the objectives of which are to: increase capacity, coverage and data rates; reduce latency; and enhance service continuity with other RATs; wh... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- Fo... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACP Adjacent Channel Power
ACR Adjacent Channel Rejection
AGI Antenna Gain Imbalance
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
AOA Angle Of Arrival
BEP Bit Error Probability
BLEP BLock Error Probability
BLER BLock Error Rate
BN Bit Number
BTS Base Transceiver S... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 4 Objectives | |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 4.1 General | The general objective of this study is to improve the service performance and to provide efficient bearers for GERAN to meet enhanced demands for different types of services. Some examples of services considered are given below.
- Interactive and Best-effort services (like web browsing, file download and image or video... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 4.2 Performance objectives | The enhancements are expected to provide (either a single one or as a group of enhancements per listed requirement):
- Spectrum efficiency/capacity (interference limited scenario):
- 50 % better (measured in kbps/MHz/cell for data and Erl/MHz/cell for speech).
- Increase peak data rates:
- 100 % better in downlink and ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 4.3 Compatibility objectives | The proposals should consider the following compatibility objectives:
- Coexist with existing legacy frequency planning:
- This will enable an operator to deploy the enhancements in existing network given already existing adjacent frequency protection levels, sensitivity and interference levels.
- This will enable an o... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 5 Conclusions and recommendations | Within a relatively short period of time a significant number of proposals has been put forward to determine the next steps on future GERAN evolution. The general viability of proposals can be determined by comparing how those fit with the given objectives in chapter 4, which are summarised in table 1. Conclusions and ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 5.1 Conclusions and recommendations for Downlink | Mobile Station Receive Diversity (MSRD) is a downlink feature, which improves the receiver performance of the mobile station by means of an additional antenna. The introduction of Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) characterised by the Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (DARP) requirements has already ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 5.2 Conclusions and recommendations for Uplink | |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 5.3 Conclusions and recommendations for Latency enhancements | |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6 Mobile station receiver diversity | |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.1 Introduction | Mobile Station receiver diversity is a downlink feature, which improves the receiver performance of the mobile station by means of an additional antenna. The introduction of Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) characterised by the Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (DARP) requirements has already shown ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.2 Concept description | The aim of MS diversity is to enhance the reception of a given link in the downlink direction, by means of diversity provided by an additional antenna. Thus, receiver diversity is based on reception of the same signal on two antennas in the MS. Therefore no changes are made to the transmissions schemes in the Base Tran... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3 Modelling Assumptions and Requirements | To evaluate the performance of dual-antenna terminals, the channel models currently used in TSG GERAN must be extended to model two parallel channels. Figure 2 depicts a model of the environment surrounding a dual antenna MS.
Figure 2: Interferer environment for a dual antenna MS
As seen from the figure, the MS has two... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.1 Spatial Modelling | As a starting point, a 2x2 MIMO channel model [3] is assumed, where the first transmit antenna transmits the signal of the desired user, and the second transmit antenna transmits the signal of the interferer. For convenience, flat fading is assumed, where the transmission coefficients describe the transmission paths o... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.2 Single input - dual output channel model | Figure 5 shows a simple linear model that can be used to generate a two branch fading signal.
Figure 5: Single input - dual output channel model for MS Receiver Diversity
The model consists of a single input signal, which is sent through two fading channels. The multipath fading is independent Rayleigh fading processes... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.3 Multiple interferer model | The single input-dual output model is easily extended to a multi-interferer scenario as shown in figure 7. The model uses instances of the single input dual output channel model to instantiate the interfering signals. After summation of the interfering signals and the desired signal an AWGN signal is added to the recei... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4 Channel Model Parameters | In this subclause the parameters of the channel model is studied in more detail in order to be able to select a suitable parameter set for evaluation of the MSRD feature. The studies are based on measurements, surveys and simulations showing the characteristics and impact of the antenna correlation and the antenna gain... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.1 Measurement results on Antenna Correlation | The following subclauses provide correlation measurements for three routes, with a full view and a zoomed view into one of the more interesting areas. The routes/scenarios are:
1. Indoor, Pedestrian Speed. No repeater.
2. Indoor, Pedestrian Speed. With Repeater.
3. Outdoor (U.S. Highway 163-South).
These field data wer... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.1.1 Indoor, Pedestrian Speed. No repeater | Figures 10 and 11 come from measurements performed at pedestrian speed in an indoor scenario. In this scenario, BTS B and BTS C are from the same site. However, due to the rich scattering environment, even the correlation of those signals is not the same.
Figure 10: Indoor, Pedestrian Speed. No repeater - Full view [15... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.1.2 Indoor, Pedestrian Speed. With repeater | Figures 12 and 13 come from measurements performed at pedestrian speed in an indoor scenario with the presence of a repeater. In this scenario, BTS A and BTS B are from the same site, while BTS C is not. However, due to the repeater, the correlation of all signals is the same. The verification of this obvious conclusio... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.1.3 Outdoor (highway) | Figures 14 and 15 come from measurements performed at driving speed along U.S Highway 163 Southbound. In this scenario, BTS A and G are from the same site, and BTS C and F are from the same site. This explains e.g. why the correlations of C and F match in the zoom view.
Figure 14: Outdoor, Highway Speed - Full view [15... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2 Literature Survey | This subclause summarises measurements of the envelope correlation and mean branch power imbalance found in scientific publications [4], [5] and [6]. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2.1 Envelope correlation | The correlation between the two branches can vary considerably and depend on many factors. These include the scattering environment, handset orientation, head-and-hand-to-handset interaction, antenna spacing and the antenna design. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2.2 Spatial diversity | Spatial diversity is achieved by using two antennas separated in space. The correlation between the two signals is related to the distance between the antennas relative to the wavelength of the signal. The possible separation is limited by the size of the mobile station. A reasonable separation could be 4 cm (1.6 inche... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2.3 Polarization diversity | Polarization diversity is achieved by using two antennas with different (typically orthogonal) polarization relative to each other.
With polarization diversity, a very good de-correlation between the branches can be achieved. Measurements in e.g. [4] and [6] typically show average values below 0.3. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2.4 Antenna pattern diversity | Diversity can also be achieved by using antennas with different antenna patterns (i.e. the antenna gain varies with the direction in the horizontal plane and the elevation angle). Due to this the received signals of the two antennas will be composed by reflections from different scatterers in the local environment.
As ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.2.5 Mean branch power imbalance | This parameter models the difference in mean received signal power between the two antennas. It is affected, for example, by the handset orientation, the head-and-hand-to-handset interaction, the antenna spacing and the dual-antenna design.
The power imbalance has a large range depending on the environment. In [4], val... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.3 Results from measurements at Ericsson Research | This subclause summarises not yet published results from experiments conducted at Ericsson Research.
Various dual terminal antenna prototypes have been tested, giving different combinations of spatial, polarization and antenna pattern diversity. The experiments were conducted in an indoor office environment at 1 880 MH... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.3.1 Envelope correlation | The measurements show similar results as in subclause 6.3.4.2. The envelope correlation is found to range mainly from 0 to 0.7, both in talk mode and data mode. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.3.2 Mean branch power imbalance | Again, the measurements resemble those in subclause 3.1 The measured mean branch power imbalance is in the range 1 dB to 4.5 dB in data mode, while it is in the range 2 dB to 13 dB in talk mode. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.4 Results From Simulations | In this subclause some preliminary simulation results are presented to show how the choice of parameters for the channel/antenna model impacts the performance of an interference cancellation algorithm. Note that results are not yet available with the multiple-interferer model in figure 7. Instead, results with a single... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.4.1 Impact of branch correlation | The impact of branch correlation is shown in figure 16 for envelope correlations in the range 0 to 0.9 for the carrier and interferer signals. It can be seen that the performance (gain at BLER=10 %, compared to a conventional single-antenna receiver) is relatively insensitive to the correlation. The largest gain is ach... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.4.2 Impact of branch power imbalance | Figure 17 shows the impact of branch power imbalance. In this figure, the correlation of the carrier and interferer are the same. The results indicate that the branch power imbalance is more important than the correlation. However, for imbalance levels less than 10 dB, the gain is more or less the same. For imbalance l... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.4.3 Phase offset | As mentioned in subclauses 6.3 and 6.3.1, there may be a phase offset between the signals received at the two antennas in the MS, This phase offset may originate from different antenna spacing and/or angle of arrival in a line of sight scenario. In [13], [22], [14], [26], [28] and [29] it has been discussed whether or ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.4.4 Impact of Antenna correlation Factors in desired and interfering branches | In [14], plots showing performance as a function of correlation in the interferer signal branch for a fixed correlation in the desired branch of 0.4 and 0.6 were presented. In the following results are provided for a correlation range of [0, 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0] for both desired and interferer. The multi-interf... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.5 Discussion | Subclauses 6.3.4.2 to 6.3.4.4 have assessed the impact of various parameters of the MSRD channel models as well as provided a small literature survey of publications related to the achievable performance of diversity in mobile terminals. It seems clear that the performance of a diversity terminal is impacted by several... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.3.4.6 Parameter Selection | Table 2: Proposed values for simulation of MSRD Performance
Parameter set
Magnitude of complex Correlation
Antenna gain imbalance
A
0.0
0 dB
B
0.7
6 dB |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4 Performance Characterization | This subclause provides link- and system level simulation results in order to characterize the performance of MS receive diversity in different scenarios. The basis of the simulations is the performance models developed for SAIC/DARP [1]. That is, the GERAN SAIC models and the DARP Test Scenarios (DTS) [20]. |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1 Link Level Performance | |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1 SAIC GERAN Configurations | This subclause presents simulation results using the GERAN network configurations developed during the GERAN SAIC Feasibility Study [1]. The properties of the desired signals and interferers are shown below [1].
Table 3: Interferer levels for network configuration 1 to 4
Link Parameter
Configuration 1
Configuration 2 4... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.1 GMSK BER | The uncoded BER curves of the DAIC receiver are compared to the conventional receiver curves in figures 27 and 28. The interferers are all GMSK.
The results demonstrate very high gains of 6.4dB to 7.1dB. The gain seems robust for different interferer distributions.
(a)
(b)
Figure 27: Uncoded BER Performance comparison ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.2 8-PSK BER | The uncoded BER curves of the DAIC receiver are compared to the conventional receiver curves in figures 29 and 30. The interferers are all 8PSK. The results demonstrate that, unlike SAIC techniques, DAIC yields huge gains of 7.0 dB to 7.5 dB at 1 % BER for 8-PSK channels in loaded network scenarios.
(a)
(b)
Figure 29: ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.3 AMR FER | The TCH/AFS FER curves of the DAIC receiver are compared to the conventional receiver curves for AMR 12.2, 7.95 and 5.9 in figures 31 and 32. The interferers are all GMSK. The results show DAIC performance gains of 3.8 dB to 6.3 dB at 1 % FER in loaded network scenarios.
(a)
(b)
Figure 31: TCH/AFS FER Performance compa... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.4 GPRS BLER | The PDTCH BLER curves of the DAIC receiver are compared to the conventional receiver curves for CS1-4 in figures 34 and 35. The interferers are all GMSK. The results show DAIC performance gains of 4.7 dB to 7.2 dB at 10 % BLER in loaded network scenarios.
(a)
(b)
Figure 34: GPRS BLER Performance comparison of the DAIC ... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.5 EGPRS BLER | The PDTCH BLER curves of the DAIC receiver are compared to the conventional receiver curves for MCS5-9 in figures 36 and 37. The interferers are all 8PSK. The results show DAIC performance gains of 5.1 dB to 7.6 dB at 10 % BLER in loaded network scenarios.
(a)
(b)
Figure 36: EGPRS BLER Performance comparison of the DAI... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.1.6 EGPRS Throughput | The optimal throughput curves for GPRS and EGPRS are shown in this subclause. These curves are obtained by selecting the CS or MCS that yields the maximal throughput for each C/I.
Figure 39 compares the hull curves of the DAIC and SAIC receivers to that of a conventional receiver for GPRS CS1-4 in loaded network scenar... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.2 DARP Test Scenarios (DTS) | This subclause contains simulation results using the test scenarios defined for DARP [20]. Assuming identical signal correlations for the wanted signal and all interferers, simulations are run with parameter sets 1 to 3 for antenna gain imbalance and correlation (see table 4) while choosing for all users the same multi... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.1.3 Sensitivity | This subclause presents simulation results in sensitivity limited scenarios. The combinations of antenna gain imbalance G and correlation given in table 10 are used.
Table 10: Gain and correlation parameters used for tests
Parameter set
Antenna Gain Imbalance G [dB]
Correlation
PS 1
0
0
PS 2
0
0.7
PS 3
-3
0.7
The sens... |
5692480e365e21a881d790cc4eaea394 | 45.912 | 6.4.2 System level Performance |
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