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3 Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 [1]. Feeder link: Wireless link between NTN Gateway and satellite. Geostationary Earth orbit: Circular orbit at 35,786 km above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotational period and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): is a general term for satellite-based systems that provide global positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. GNSS systems use a constellation of satellites orbiting the Earth that transmit signals enabling a receiver (such as a smartphone, vehicle, or specialized equipment) to determine its precise location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and time anywhere on or near the Earth's surface. Low Earth Orbit: Orbit around the Earth with an altitude between 300 km, and 1500 km. Medium Earth Orbit: region of space around the Earth above low Earth orbit and below geostationary Earth Orbit. Minimum Elevation angle: minimum angle under which the satellite or UAS platform can be seen by a terminal. Non-Geostationary Satellites: Satellites (LEO and MEO) orbiting around the Earth with a period that varies approximately between 1.5 hour and 10 hours. It is necessary to have a constellation of several Non-Geostationary satellites associated with handover mechanisms to ensure a service continuity. Non-terrestrial networks: Networks, or segments of networks, using an airborne or space-borne vehicle to embark a transmission equipment relay node or base station. Regenerative payload: payload that transforms and amplifies an uplink RF signal before transmitting it on the downlink. The transformation of the signal refers to digital processing that may include demodulation, decoding, re-encoding, re-modulation and/or filtering. Round Trip Delay: time required for a signal to travel from a terminal to the sat-gateway or from the sat-gateway to the terminal and back. This is especially used for web-based applications. Satellite: a space-borne vehicle embarking a bent pipe payload or a regenerative payload telecommunication transmitter, placed into Low-Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO), or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Satellite beam: A beam generated by an antenna on-board a satellite. Service link: Radio link between satellite and UE. Transparent payload: payload that changes the frequency carrier of the uplink RF signal, filters and amplifies it before transmitting it on the downlink.
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: <symbol> <Explanation>
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905 [1]. GEO Geostationary Earth Orbiting gNB next Generation Node B GW Gateway LEO Low Earth Orbiting MEO Medium Earth Orbiting NGEO Non-Geostationary Earth Orbiting NTN Non-Terrestrial Network RAN Radio Access Network RTD Round Trip Delay SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio Rx Receiver UE User Equipment
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4 Background and motivation
4.1  Review of previous NR-NTN releases
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4.2 Needs for GNSS resilience NR NTN operation
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4.3 Use cases and deployment scenarios
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5 Assumptions and study parameters
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5.1 GNSS availability scenarios
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5.2 System assumptions
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5.3 Evaluation scenarios and parameters
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6 Evaluation of GNSS unavailability impacts
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6.1 Impact on synchronization in initial access
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6.2 Impact on synchronization in connected mode
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7 Evaluation of solutions for GNSS resilient NR-NTN
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7.1 Potential solutions for GNSS-Resilient NR-NTN
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7.2 Evaluation of solutions
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7.3 Impact on specifications and RAN WGs
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8 Conclusions and recommendations
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8.1 Summary of findings
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8.2 Open issues and future work
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8.3 Recommendations for normative work
Annex <F> (informative): Change history Change history Date Meeting TDoc CR Rev Cat Subject/Comment New version 2025-11 RAN1#123 R1-2508479 TR skeleton for study on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) resilient NR-NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) operation 0.0.1
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1 Scope
The present document is a technical report for Over-the-Air (OTA) test methods for NR NTN above 10GHz. This TR targets to define a full set of OTA test methods to cover different NTN UE types of operation above 10GHz.
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2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non‑specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document. [1] 3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications". [2] 3GPP TS 38.101-5: " NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 5: Satellite access Radio Frequency (RF) and performance requirements". … [x] <doctype> <#>[ ([up to and including]{yyyy[-mm]|V<a[.b[.c]]>}[onwards])]: "<Title>".
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3 Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. Definition format (Normal) <defined term>: <definition>. example: text used to clarify abstract rules by applying them literally.
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Symbol format (EW) <symbol> <Explanation>
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1] and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in 3GPP TR 21.905 [1]. Abbreviation format (EW) <ABBREVIATION> <Expansion>
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4 General
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4.1 Device types
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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4.2 Testing configuration
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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4.3 Testing bands
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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5 Performance metrics
<Editor’s note: This clause is not new metric, but just general explanation of performance metric for RF/RRM/Demod, which is highly related to test method and procedure>
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5.1 General definition of UE RF metrics
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. Including at least EIRP, EIS, TRP, TRS>
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5.2 General definition of UE RRM metrics
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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5.3 General definition of UE Demodulation metrics
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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6 NTN UE positioning guidelines
<Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. >
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6.1 Free space
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7 UE RF testing methodologies
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7.1 General
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7.2 Applicability of different test methods
<Editor’s note: general applicability of different test methods for each RF requirements>
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7.3 Indirect far field (IFF)
<Editor’s note: need sub-clauses,> 7.4 other <Editor’s note: need sub-clauses,>
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8 UE RRM testing methodologies
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8.1 General
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8.2 Applicability of different test methods
<Editor’s note: general applicability of different test methods for each RF requirements. Other methods can be further added, if needed>
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8.2 Indirect far field (IFF)
<Editor’s note: need sub-clauses,>
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9 UE demodulation testing methodologies
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9.1 General
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9.2 Measurement setup
<Editor’s note: test setup. >
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9.3 Test metrics and procedure
<Editor’s note: need sub-clauses > Annex A: UE coordinate system Annex B: Estimation of Measurement uncertainty <Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. > B.1 General B.2 MU assessment for UE RF testing B.3 MU assessment for UE RRM testing B.4 MU assessment for UE Demodulation testing Annex C: Environmental requirements <Editor’s note: Detailed structure of the subclause is TBD. Normal condition> Annex X (informative): Change history Change history Date Meeting TDoc CR Rev Cat Subject/Comment New version 2025-10 RAN4#116bis R4-2514843 Initial Skeleton (endorsement) 2025-11 RAN4#117 R4-2520725 TR skeleton 0.0.1