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1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.4.2.1 Specific hypothesis for solution 2 | As explained in clause 6.2.2.1, some parameters shall be adjusted for the RF link budget: • It is decided, arbitrarily, to fix the on-board losses between COM LNA and TC SS receiver to -5 dB. • The SS TC EIRP is adjusted between 44,5 dBW (no FEC) and 39,5 dBW (FEC present). • The SS TM EIRP is adjusted to give positive... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.4.2.2 Parametric analysis results | All the details are given in annex A. We see that it is mandatory to fix the SS TM EIRP equal to 24 dBW, to guarantee the required 2 dB margin on the SS TM link, for scenario with analogue TV. But such an EIRP leads to 2 major problems. • It is not standard at all to have such high EIRP. • This EIRP is not compatible w... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.1 Description of the solution | •• TC Uplink : spread spectrum modulation, same as for solution 1 • TM downlink: standard PM modulation • RG - RG uplink: same as TC (PN code) - RG downlink: same modulation as TM (TELESAT like tones) • Implementation: dual mode transponder For the downlink, the multiple access requirement is treated through use of FDM... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.2 RF performances | |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.2.1 Specific hypothesis for solution 4 | • The hypothesis is identical to solution 1, for the uplink. • The TM downlink RF budget is not presented (standard RF budget). • The COM degradation only takes into account the uplink (so COM RF compatibility is better than for solution 1). |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.2.2 Parametric analysis results | Parameters being modified during the parametric analysis: • Capacity • Chip rate • SS TC Data rate • FEC coding for SS TC (and depending of this option, SS TC EIRP is adjusted) Parameters that are analysed, as result of the analysis : • STD TC uplink RF budget margin (in dB) • SS TC uplink RF budget margin (in dB) • CO... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.2.2.1 No SS TC FEC | no SS TC FEC coding -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 0 5 10 15 20 capacity STD TTC margin (dB) 0,5 Mchip/s 1 Mchip/s 3 Mchip/s SS TC bit rate: 500 bit/s, no SS TC FEC coding -2,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 0 5 10 15 20 CECup SS TC margin (dB) 0,5 Mchip/s 1 Mchip/s 3 Mchip/s no SS TC FEC, no SS TM FEC coding 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% 8,0% 10,0% 0 5... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.5.2.2.2 SS TC FEC | SS TC FEC coding 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 0 5 10 15 20 CECup STD TTC margin (dB) 0,5 Mchip/s 1 Mchip/s 3 Mchip/s SS TC bit rate: 500 bit/s, SS TC FEC coding -2,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 0 5 10 15 20 CECup SS TC margin (dB) 0,5 Mchip/s 1 Mchip/s 3 Mchip/s SS TC FEC, SS TM FEC coding 0,0% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0% 0 5 10 15 20 CECup COM degradation... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 6.6 Trade-off | The previous clauses have shown that: • Solution 2 shall be discarded. • Solution 1 and 4 are viable. For solution 1 and 4, a chip rate of 1 Mchip/s can be enough, to pass a TC bit rate of 500 bit/s with TC FEC coding. But a TC bit rate of 1 kbit/s will require 3 Mchip/s with FEC coding. It can be concluded that both s... |
1af665171ad5782d3c09f2faccdce1eb | 101 956 | 7 Conclusions | A lot of different combinations of TC, TM and RG solutions have been proposed. Three of them have been analysed in detail, in terms of RF budget and compatibility, and one of these solutions (solution 2) has been discarded. The "two" solutions left (solutions 1 and 4) lead to the following conclusions: • Preference for... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 1 Scope | The present document defines the BSM services and architectures. It contains a set of definitions and reference models in the following main areas: • BSM roles and actors; • BSM reference architectures and models; • BSM bearer services. The present document is intended to define the possible roles that Broadband Satell... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 2 References | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accept... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 2.1 Informative references | [1] ETSI TR 101 374-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite multimedia; Part 2: Scenario for standardization". [2] ETSI TS 122 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Service aspects; Service principles (3GPP TS 22.101 Release 7)". ETSI ETSI TR 101 984 V1.2.1 (2007-12) 7 [3]... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: broadcast: communication capability which denotes unidirectional distribution to an unspecified number of access points connected to the network NOTE: The communication may reach any or all access points and each terminal may select wh... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ASP Application Service Provider AESA ATM End System Addresses ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BSM Broadband Satellite Multimedia BSMS Broadband Satellite Multimedia System CP Customer Premises CPE Customer Premises Equipment DAMA Demand Assign... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 4 Overview of BSM | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 4.1 Satellite network scenarios | For the present document, we divide the BSM satellite networks into 3 different scenarios: Core network, Distribution network and Access network as illustrated in figure 4.1: • Access network, providing services to end users. • Distribution network, providing content distribution to the edge. • Core network, providing ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 4.2 IP networking scenarios | In the global Internet, a BSM system (BSMS) acts as another IP subnetwork. Only a small percentage of IP hosts will be directly connected to that BSMS and it is unrealistic to require that any IP host (including both end hosts and intermediate hosts such as routers) whose traffic transits a BSMS (at some point) should ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5 BSM roles, actors and equipment | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.1 General | The following roles and actors are defined as a framework for the business aspects of a BSM network. The definitions are designed to provide a clear separation between the different roles, but this strict separation of roles may be less clear in deployed networks. • The role defines a functional entity that is responsi... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.2 Roles | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.2.1 Definitions | The different roles identified in the whole network business interacting with a BSM system are: 1) Satellite Operator (SO): The Satellite Operator is responsible for maintaining, managing, deploying and operating the satellite platform. The SO business involves launching and operating satellites and selling their trans... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.2.2 Relationships between roles | Figure 5.1 shows the relationships and cardinality between roles: the cardinality of each relationship is indicated by the numbers on each line. Service Providers N N VPN SP Telco SP ITSP ISP MSP 1 1 1 N N N Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber 1 N 1 N 1 N N N Satellite Operator (SO) SNO NAP Figure 5.1: Relationships betwe... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.3 Equipment | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.3.1 Definitions | A Gateway (GW) is the equipment that is used to provide interworking between the satellite network and one or more external networks. Examples of external networks include a public network giving access to the global internet or a private corporate network or even another wireless network. A given GW belongs to only on... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.3.2 Relationship between roles and equipment | Figure 5.2 shows the relationships between equipment and roles: • A square shape (square box) corresponds to a piece of equipment. • A rounded shape (rounded box) corresponds to one of the roles (as defined above). • A solid line between roles represents a business relationship and its cardinality. • A solid line betwe... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 5.4 Billing and usage relationships | An example of the billing and usage relationships that could exist between the satellite network operators and service providers and some other roles is illustrated in figure 5.3. ETSI ETSI TR 101 984 V1.2.1 (2007-12) 16 Users billing Subscribers usage delegation subscription agreement Satellite Network Operators and S... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6 BSM reference models and architectures | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.1 Definitions | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.1.1 BSM System; Network and Subnetwork | The following three groupings of BSM elements are defined (in order of decreasing complexity): • BSM System (BSMS): A BSM System corresponds to a BSM Network together with the NMC and NCC plus any additional elements that are required to provide the network services to the subscribers and their users. NOTE 1: The NMC a... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.1.2 Transparent and regenerative satellite architecture | A BSM network may use either a transparent or a regenerative satellite architecture: • A transparent satellite architecture refers to a single architecture, commonly called a "bent-pipe architecture". In this architecture the satellite payload only contains physical layer functions (e.g. transponders) and does not term... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.1.3 Topologies | The topology refers to the arrangement of the links (logical links) between the Hub and the STs and between STs via the satellite. A BSM network may support either a mesh or star topology as illustrated in figure 6.2: • A star topology is defined by the star arrangement of links between the Hub (or Gateway ST) and mult... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.1.4 Link and channel attributes | Within either a star or mesh network topology, the links can have the following attributes: • Point-To-Point links. • Point-To-Multipoint links. • Multipoint-To-Multipoint links. • Multipoint-To-Point links. • Broadcast links. Links (both logical and physical) between an ST and the satellite can be defined by reference... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.2 BSM Network Types | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.2.1 Naming conventions | BSM networks can be classified into one of three different types according to the satellite OBP architecture, the return channel and the network topology. The main BSM network types are summarized in table 6.1 using the naming conventions defined in TR 102 187 [9]. Table 6.1: BSM Network Types BSM Network Type TSS TSM ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.2.2 Transparent Satellite Star (TSS) | In a transparent satellite star network the communication links between the Satellite Terminals (STs) and the Gateway/ Network Control Centre (GW/NCC) use a transparent satellite architecture. The satellite links are bidirectional and both directions (both forward and return links) use a transparent satellite architect... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.2.3 Transparent Satellite Mesh (TSM) | In a transparent satellite mesh network direct single-hop communication between two remote STs (User STs) is permitted using a transparent satellite architecture. The transparent mesh network can only exist as an overlay to a transparent satellite star network: the mesh overlay is only used for user data and the star n... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.2.4 Regenerative Satellite Mesh (RSM) | In a regenerative satellite mesh network direct single-hop communication between any two Satellite Terminals (User STs or Gateway STs) is possible using a regenerative satellite architecture. A star topology is also possible as a special case of this fully meshed topology, with any ST acting as the Gateway ST (i.e. as ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3 Reference models | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.1 Reference models for access network scenario | This clause gives a detailed reference model for the satellite access network scenario. The reference interfaces are divided into physical and logical interfaces defined as follows: • Physical interfaces correspond to physical connections between equipment, either wired or wireless, typically corresponding to physical ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.1.1 U-plane reference model | The U-plane reference model is shown in figure 6.7. Each labelled interface is described in more detail in the corresponding table 6.2. End Host End Host End Host End Host Gateway ST User ST SD Lower Layers SD Lower Layers SI-SAP SD Lower Layers SD Lower Layers SI-SAP Premises Network Interface Premises network Premise... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.1.2 C-plane and M-plane reference model | The C-plane and M-plane reference model is shown in figure 6.8. Each labelled interface is described in more detail in the corresponding table 6.3. Gateway ST User ST N Network Control Centre (NCC) Network Control Centre (NCC) Network Management Centre (NMC) Network Management Centre (NMC) M N Satellite payload Satelli... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.2 Generalized reference models | The detailed reference model as defined above for the access network scenario can now be applied to the different network types and to the other BSM scenarios. |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.2.1 BSM network types | The access network reference model can be applied to all the BSM network types. Two variants of the U-plane reference model are noted as illustrated in figure 6.9. BSM network satellite payload User ST Gateway ST Access network scenario using star topology or Backbone router Edge router Local router UST UGW T G BSM net... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.3.2.2 Other BSM scenarios | The access network reference model can also be applied to the other scenarios defined in clause 4 as shown in figure 6.10. These mappings differ only in the functionality provided by the satellite terminals: for the core network and distribution network scenarios, both ends of the BSM network are provided by Gateway ST... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4 Protocol architecture | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4.1 BSM protocol architecture | The BSM protocol architecture for satellite access terminal to satellites is illustrated in figure 6.11. Satellite Dependent lower layers Satellite Independent upper layers Satellite Link Control (SLC) Satellite Physical (SPHY) SI-SAP IPV4 or IPV6 Satellite Medium Access Control (SMAC) Satellite Independent Adaptation ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4.2 SI-SAP and BSM families | The BSM protocol architecture supports families of air interface protocols, where each family defines a complete stack of air interface protocols for the physical layer and the data link layer. Each air interface family is expected to use a combination of a SLC, SMAC and SPHY layers that are jointly optimized for a spe... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4.3 Satellite Independent Service Access Point (SI-SAP) | The Satellite Independent Service Access Point (SI-SAP) is the common interface between any BSM family of satellite dependent lower layers and the satellite independent upper layers. The BSM protocol architecture also defines two sets of adaptation functions that are associated with the SI-SAP. These functions are used... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4.4 BSM bearer services layered architecture | BSM bearer services are defined in terms of a layered architecture that is based on the 3GPP QoS architecture [4]. BSM bearer services are the user plane (U-plane) data transmission services provided by the BSM subnetwork at the SI-SAP interfaces. BSM bearer services include all aspects to enable the provision of U-pla... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 6.4.5 Air interface lower layer service elements | Figure 6.15 illustrates the relationship between the BSM bearer services and the underlying lower layer bearer services and associated elements of service at the different layers of the satellite air interface. ETSI ETSI TR 101 984 V1.2.1 (2007-12) 30 Satellite Physical (SPHY) SI- SAP Satellite Link Control (SLC) Satel... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 7 General service definitions | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 7.1 Media components | The telecommunication services supported by involve in general one or more media components. The following types of media components are distinguished in the present document: speech: voice telecommunication. audio: telecommunication of sound in general. video: telecommunication of full motion pictures, and of stills. ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 7.2 BSM connections | A BSM connection provides a means for communication between two or more devices in, or attached to, a Broadband Satellite Multimedia telecommunication network. In the case of IP traffic, BSM connections are referred to as "flows": • IP Flows (Flows) are defined as a sequence of IP packets that are routed (end-to-end), ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 7.3 BSM service capabilities | Existing systems have largely standardized the complete sets of teleservices, applications and supplementary services which they provide. As a consequence, substantial re-engineering is often required to enable new services to be provided and the market for services is largely determined by operators and standardizatio... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 7.4 Interoperability | Interoperability can be defined at several different levels as follows: • Terminal interoperability is defined as the ability of a Satellite Terminal (ST) designed and built according to given standards to interoperate with a satellite system designed and built independently to the same standards and to provide a defin... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8 Bearer services | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1 Definitions | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1.1 Telecommunications bearer services | Telecommunications bearer services provide the capability for information transfer between access points, typically the User-Network Interface. These functions are sometimes referred as low layer capabilities (in reference to OSI layers). The user may choose any set of high layer protocols for his communication and the... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1.2 Connectionless and connection-oriented bearer services | Connectionless bearer services refer to services which allows the transfer of information between users without the need for separate connection establishment procedures. Connection-oriented bearer services refer to services in which communication proceeds through three well-defined phases: connection establishment, da... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1.3 Unidirectional and bidirectional bearer services | Bearer services may be unidirectional or bidirectional as follows: • unidirectional bearer service: bearer service where data are transferred in one direction only from the source user-network interface to the destination user-network interface(s). • bidirectional bearer service: bearer service where data are transferr... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1.4 Bearer service symmetry | Bidirectional bearer services may be symmetric or asymmetric. For asymmetric bearer services the service may define a forward direction and a reverse direction as follows: • forward direction: dominant direction of data transfer over an asymmetric network. It corresponds to the direction with better link characteristic... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.1.5 Bearer service configurations | The following bearer service configurations are defined: • Point-To-Point Bearer Service: a unidirectional service in which one or more packets are sent from a single source "A" to a single destination "B". • Point-To-Multipoint Bearer Service: a unidirectional service in which one or more packets are sent from a singl... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.2 BSM bearer services | |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.2.1 General | BSM bearer services are the user plane (U-plane) data transfer services provided at the SI-SAP interfaces. A BSM bearer service defines all the properties of the user-data transfer between SI-SAP interfaces, including both the contracted QoS and other bearer service properties. NOTE: The SI-SAP interface is defined in ... |
fd4fef843618055186616e848c0afdb8 | 101 984 | 8.2.2 Queue Identifiers (QIDs) | The SI-SAP U-plane interface defines an abstract representation of the available bearer services via a series of SI-SAP labels called Queue Identifiers (QIDs). A QID is a local label that identifies a specific bearer service at the SI-SAP of the sending ST: the QID is only used at the SI-SAP interface and is not transm... |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 1 Scope | The present document applies to radars operating on the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band. It defines their possible use for road infrastructure. The goal of the present document is to require the modification of: - ERC/DEC/(92)02 [2] - ERC/REC 70-03 [3] In order to replace the comments relative to the 76 – 77 GHz band from "vehic... |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: [1] EN 301 091 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band. [2... |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions applies: Road infrastructure: all the equipments linked to the analysis of the traffic on the roads (urban area as well as highways or trunk roads) |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 3.2 Abbreviations | ACC Adaptive Cruise Control EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ETSI ETSI TR 101 983 V1.1.1 (2001-07) 6 |
36f3ff3c36c0de55131d6a5f844ab4ab | 101 983 | 4 Executive summary /Main conclusions | The present document describes to possible use of ACC radar fully compliant with EN 301 091 [1] on road infrastructure for application as: - Vehicle counting / traffic flow monitoring - Traffic jam or accident detection - Vehicle speed measurement - Vehicle detection for traffic light activation The expected equipment ... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 1 Scope | The present document applies to Short Range Devices (SRD) in the field of SRR operating at very low power levels for exterior automotive applications for vehicle environmental sensing. These applications require antenna characteristics, which necessitate narrow beam and low elevation antenna angles with a limited mount... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: [1] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)". [2] ETSI EN 300 440-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: accuracy: degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its definition or with respect to a standard reference (see uncertainty) ambiguity: properties of something that allows it to have more than one possible meaning ETSI ... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: λ Wavelength ∆r Range separation dB Decibel dBi Decibel, isotropic dBm Decibel, milliwatt E Electrical field strength Eo Reference electrical field strength f Frequency P Power R Distance Ro Reference distance t Time |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACC Automotive Cruise Control Bocc Spectral bandwidth BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CW Continuous Wave ETSI ETSI TR 101 982 V1.2.1 (2002-07) 9 DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ECC European Radio communication Committee FCC Federal Communi... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 4 Executive summary | Automotive radar function covers Long Range Radar (LRR) and Short Range Radar (SRR). LRR at 77 GHz is used for distance scanning, which requires an operating range of approx 150 m and is used at vehicle velocities above 30 km/h to 50 km/h. One or multiple narrow lobes control or scan the driving path in front of the ca... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 4.1 Status of the System Reference Document | This system reference TR 101 982 has been agreed by ETSI ERM #14. Revision 1 draft was approved by TG31 and is amended for approval by RM. ECC/ETSI agreed to conduct compliance studies in SE. Reservation by Deutsche Telekom AG: The frequency bands adjacent to the 24 GHz ISM band are heavily used by the Fixed Service (F... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 4.2 Technical Issues | Short background information. The 77 GHz Long Range Radar (LRR) autonomous cruise control systems fall short in providing the required short range functionality and safety function as required by the market and as defined by the EU Commission programs. 24 GHz SRR prototypes designed by a number of manufacturers have de... |
17e6b0e3307fea5eb2c5976482388007 | 101 982 | 5 Main conclusions | Business importance and social economic impact • The 24 GHz Automotive SRR collision avoidance system significantly enhances safety on the roads as it addresses 88 % of the causes of traffic accidents (See clause A.2). This is in line and supported by the EU safety and driver assistance programs. • The 24 GHz range was... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 1 Scope | The present document applies to the radio sections of inductive loop Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implants in the field of Short Range Devices (SRDs) transmitters and receiver systems operating on various frequencies within the range of 9 kHz to 315 kHz. The present document gives guidance on the definition of a tran... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 2 References | The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. • References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • ... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate conducted measurements: measurements that are made using a direct connection to the equipment under test dedicated antenna: removable antenna supp... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Eo reference electrical field strength, (see annex A) f frequency H magnetic field strength Ho reference magnetic field strength, (see annex A) m magnetic dipole moment P power R distance Ro Reference distance, (see annex A) t time ETSI ETSI TR 101 ... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: IDEA IDentification Electronique des Animaux JRC Joint Research Centre (of the EU Commission) ULP-AMI Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 4 Executive summary | Background Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant systems (ULP-AMI) using inductive loop techniques in the Low Frequency (LF) range have found wide acceptance and application for many medically related applications. LF magnetic field technology allows lossless penetration of most materials encountered in medical enviro... |
15162928c86f10de9412b26b6e3f5e21 | 101 981 | 5 Main conclusions | Business, social, humanitarian, international manufacturing, trade and use considerations underline the importance and benefit for society in general, dependent patients in particular, and reduction in patient related medical cost justifies the request to permit ULP-AMI devices to use the LF spectrum in the range of 9 ... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 1 Scope | The present document provides background information on the performance of four modes of the GSM Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec operating within the TETRA system. The aim of the present document is to provide information to illustrate the behaviour of the GSM AMR in different TETRA operational conditions. |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: [1] ITU-T Recommendation P.861: "Objective quality measurement of telephone-band (300-3400 Hz) speech codecs". [2] ETSI ETS 300 395-2: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Speech codec for full-rate traffic channel; Part 2: TETRA codec". [3]... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) codec: speech and channel codec capable of operating at various combinations of speech and channel coding (codec mode) bit-rates Codec mode: bit partitioning between the speech and channel codecs Codec mode ad... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate C/I Carrier-to-Interfere ratio CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CuT Codec Under Test FEC Forward Error Correction [Coding] GSM Global System for Mobile communications IRS Intermediate Reference System Mod. IRS Modified IRS P... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 4 General | |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 4.1 Work Requirements | It has been decided to evaluate the 4,75 kbit/s, 5,15 kbit/s, 5,9 kbit/s and 6.7 kbit/s modes of the 3GPP/GSM AMR Codec compared to the original TETRA Codec. In order to make assessments across the coverage area, rather than in error-free conditions, it is necessary to provide a representative FEC scheme and inject sof... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 4.2 The Tasks | 1) Develop the 4,75 kbit/s, 5,15 kbit/s, 5,9 kbit/s and 6,7 kbit/s 3GPP/GSM AMR Codec FEC Schemes along with generic FEC encoding and decoding routines:- a) For the 4,75 kbit/s, 5,15 kbit/s, 5,9 kbit/s and 6,7 kbit/s 3GPP/GSM AMR Codec modes, obtain bit error sensitivity profile using ITU-T Recommendation P.861 [1] ref... |
504c93785e5ad5926f2f5a2eca89b23b | 101 977 | 5 Initial Study of the TETRA Speech Codec |
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