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03e7929598a1ac06c9c13610db0c068a | 101 895 | 7.13 Sub addressing | No impact, i.e. neither supplementary service shall affect the operation of the other supplementary service. |
03e7929598a1ac06c9c13610db0c068a | 101 895 | 7.14 Three party | For ISDN access, no impact, i.e. neither supplementary service shall affect the operation of the other supplementary service. For PSTN access, the MWI cannot be given since the line is busy. Further attempts will be made to deliver the notification, the delay between attempts being MWI service provider options. |
03e7929598a1ac06c9c13610db0c068a | 101 895 | 7.15 Outgoing call barring | |
03e7929598a1ac06c9c13610db0c068a | 101 895 | 7.15.1 User controlled outgoing call barring | No impact, i.e. neither supplementary service shall affect the operation of the other supplementary service. |
03e7929598a1ac06c9c13610db0c068a | 101 895 | 7.15.2 Fixed outgoing call barring | No impact, i.e. neither supplementary service shall affect the operation of the other supplementary service. ETSI ETSI TR 101 895 V1.1.1 (2001-01) 17 Annex A (informative): Interactions tables A.1 Interactions between receiving user's own service (column 1) and own other services Table A.1 Own other services Own servic... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 1 Scope | The scope of the present document is the review of study topics with respect to the provision of IP-based services via Broadband Satellite Multimedia (BSM) networks. The present document builds on the following two earlier reports: • TR 101 374-1 [1], "Survey on Standardization Objectives for Broadband Satellite Multim... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: [1] ETSI TR 101 374-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite multimedia; Part 1: Survey on standardization objectives". [2] ETSI TR 101 374-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband satellite multim... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: service attribute: specified characteristic of a telecommunication service NOTE: The value(s) assigned to one or more service attributes may be used to distinguish that telecommunication service from others. service category or service... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACK acknowledgement AF Assured Forwarding AH Authentication Header AR Address Resolution ARP Address Resolution Protocol ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BE Best-Effort BER Bit Error Ratio BGP Border Gateway Protocol BSM Broadband Satellite Mult... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 4 Overview | The present document divides the discussion of IP over satellite into a series of inter-related study areas. These areas are based on a combination of the ITU IP-project organization and the 3GPP document organization. Each study area is discussed in more detail in a separate clause. Table 4.1 lists all the clauses tog... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10 Multicast and Broadcast | issues, with particular reference to efficient handling of IP multicast and IP streaming Security |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 11 Security | threats and requirements Satellite independent mechanisms (incl. IPSec) plus satellite dependent mechanisms. Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) 12 A review of PEPs, based on IETF RFC 3135 [22] Clause 5 defines the basic set of IP interworking architectures that are used in the rest of the report. This clause builds o... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5 Reference architectures | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.1 IP scenarios | The IP scenarios are defined in the services and architectures report [3]. The IP scenarios are grouped into three different use cases: • Access Network; including point-to-point, multicast and broadcast services. • Content Distribution to the Edge; including point-to-point and multicast services. • Core Network; inclu... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.2 Reference architectures | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.2.1 Definitions | A BSM network may support either a mesh or star topology as defined in the Services and Architectures [3]: • A star network topology is defined by the star arrangement of links between the Hub station (or Gateway) and multiple Remote stations. A Remote station can only establish a direct link with the Hub station and c... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.2.2 Reference model | The reference models are defined in the BSM services and architectures report [3]. |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3 Protocol architecture | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.1 Definitions | The protocol architecture is defined in the services and architectures report [3] and is reproduced in figure 5.3.1. ETSI ETSI TR 101 985 V1.1.2 (2002-11) 14 Satellite Dependent Satellite Independent Satellite Link Control (SLC) Satellite Physical (SPHY) SI-SAP External Layers IPV4 / IPV6 UDP TCP Satellite Medium Acces... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.2 SI-SAP reference model | Figure 5.3.2 shows a more detailed reference model for the protocol architecture. The protocol stack is divided into the lower, satellite dependent layers and the upper satellite independent layers. These two parts are connected via the Satellite Independent interface (SI-SAP). The SI-SAP is logically divided into thre... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.3 Interworking models for satellite subnetworks | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.3.1 General | A BSM subnetwork can interwork with the external IP subnetworks at different levels in the IP protocol stack. The present document defines the following different cases: • Bridge interworking function (interworking below the IP layer); • IP interworking function (interworking at the IP layer); • Gateway function (inter... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.3.2 Bridge interworking functions | A bridge interworking function is defined as operating below the IP level of the protocol stack. In the case of terrestrial subnetworks, a bridge interworking function is used to interconnect LAN segments. A bridge differs from a repeater by providing some additional functions. For example, a bridge should only forward... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.3.3 IP interworking function | An IP interworking function is defined as operating at the IP level of the protocol stack. In the case of terrestrial subnetwork, the IP interworking function are typically provided by an IP router. Many different types of router are possible, with different levels of IP interworking functionality, depending on the pos... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 5.3.3.4 Higher layer interworking functions | A higher layer interworking function is defined as operating above the IP level of the protocol stack; i.e. it operates at a higher level than bridges or routers. A higher layer interworking function usually supports address mapping from one subnetwork to another and may also transform the data using application level ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6 Bearer services for transport of IP structured signals | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.1 General | IP structured signals refers to the family of network layer and higher layer protocols defined by the IETF. The BSM network is expected to transport all IP structured signals transparently preserving the addressing and all other properties of the IP signals. NOTE: This clause is only concerned with the basic transport ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2 Network layer protocols | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.1 General requirements | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.1.1 IPv4 and IPv6 | The BSM bearer services should be capable of transporting both of the following network layer protocols: • Internet Protocol v4 (IPv4) and associated protocols [7]; • Internet Protocol v6 (IPv6) and associated protocols [8]. NOTE: IPv4 and IPv6 are the network layer protocols of the Internet TCP/IP protocol suite defin... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.1.2 IP multicast services | The BSM bearer services should be capable of transporting IP Multicast services as defined in IETF RFC 1112 [9] and IETF RFC 2236 [10]. Multicast and broadcast aspects are discussed in more detail in clause 10. ETSI ETSI TR 101 985 V1.1.2 (2002-11) 18 |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.1.3 IP network services | A BSM network should efficiently support additional IP network services. Possible network services include: • DNS services (servers, registration, etc.) • Key management services • Web proxies/Portals/content providers/email • Customer management, accounting • Helpline services • Network management, monitoring, tuning,... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2 Specific requirements | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.1 Maximum Transmission Units (MTUs) and IP fragmentation | IP packets have variable sizes ranging from 20 bytes to 65 535 bytes. A given subnetwork will only support packets up to a certain size known as its Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU). In order to support a variety of subnetworks, IP provides a mechanism to fragment packets that are too large for a given subnetwork. The f... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.2 BSM frame size and segmentation | The BSM subnetwork can transparently segment IP packets into internal frames [35]. The choice of the internal frame size is a difficult one, because it is necessary to choose and optimum balance between low overhead ratio due to the header and the high amount of data that will be lost if a packet is discarded. In addit... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.3 MTU path discovery | BSM networks should support MTU path discovery [27], [35]. ETSI ETSI TR 101 985 V1.1.2 (2002-11) 19 |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.4 Maximum Segment Lifetime (MSL) | When transporting IPv4 or IPv6 packets, the BSM subnetwork should not keep and retransmit packets which have been delayed more than the IP Maximum Segment Lifetime (MSL). NOTE: In practice this is a long time. |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.5 Reordering of packets | The BSM subnetwork should not re-order packets associated with a specific end-to-end flow. It is not necessary to provide strict in-order delivery of packets for a given flow. However, gratuitous or excessive reordering detrimentally impacts current TCP implementations. There is no ordering requirement between packets ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.2.2.6 Error detection | When transporting IPv4 or IPv6 packets, the BSM subnetwork should provide error detection at least as strong as the 32-bit CRC specified for HDLC [4]. The BSM subnetwork error control mechanisms should ensure that there is a low probability of undetected errors in IP packets that are delivered via the SI-SAP at the des... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3 Higher layer protocols | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.1 Transport layer protocols | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.1.1 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) | User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a very simple service, that passes individual messages ("datagrams") to the IP layer for transmission. UDP is unreliable: it provides no acknowledgement of delivery and does not attempt error recovery, which (if necessary) must be undertaken by the application. |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.1.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides a reliable connection oriented end-to-end transport service between hosts. TCP is designed to deliver data reliably, without errors and in sequence. TCP also contains flow control mechanisms that adjust its own behaviour in response to network conditions (notably congestion)... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.1.3 New transport protocols | Some examples of new transport protocols are Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is an unreliable transport layer that offers negotiated forms of congestion control. Maintaining many of the features of TCP, this protoco... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.2 Application layer protocols | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 6.3.2.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [26] is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension o... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7 Performance and availability | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.1 General | Network performance and availability contribute towards the Quality of Service (QoS) as experienced by the end user. The present document only considers the network performance and availability of the BSM subnetwork (i.e. the characteristics and quality of the BSM bearer services) and the overall end-to-end performance... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2 Performance parameters | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2.1 Throughput | Throughput is the parameter that defines the effective data transfer rate in bits per second (bps) for a particular service user as measured at the egress point (the exit port of the BSM network). Sharing of network capacity by a number of users reduces the throughput per user; as does any overheads added to the data b... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2.2 Delay | Delay is a parameter that measures the delay between the entry of a packet into one port of the satellite subnetwork and the exit of that same packet from another port of the subnetwork. Delay manifests itself in a number of ways, including the time taken to establish a particular service from the initial user request ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2.3 Delay variation | Delay variation is a parameter that measures the differences in delay between successive packet arrivals at the exit port of the satellite subnetwork. Delay variation is generally included as a performance parameter since it is very important at the transport layer in packetized data systems due to the inherent variabi... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2.4 Transmission errors | Transmission error rates or error ratios are parameters that measure the loss or corruption of data caused by the transmission of the packet over the BSM satellite subnetwork. Transmission errors will normally be detected through the use of a CRC (see clause 6.2.2.6) and any residual transmission errors (i.e. errors th... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.2.5 Availability | Availability is a parameter that measures the probability that the BSM subnetwork will provide a satisfactory service on demand. Typically, an availability statement is specified for a particular set of quality of service (QoS) parameters and these parameters can be used to define a quantitative threshold for satisfact... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.3 Performance objectives | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.3.1 ITU-T | ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 [44] specifies IP performance values to be achieved internationally for each of the performance parameters defined in ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540 [45]. ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 [44] defines six different network Quality of Service (QoS) classes and some of the performance values depend on... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.3.2 IETF | In the Internet and intranets of today, in particular for multimedia applications, bandwidth and delay are important subjects. Whereas traditional Internet applications, such as HTTP, FTP or TELNET, cannot tolerate packet loss but are less sensitive to variable delays, most real-time applications show just the opposite... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.4 Characteristics of satellite links | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.4.1 TCP delays | TCP operation over satellite links has been extensively studied in IETF. IETF favour end-system solutions, such as modifications to the TCP stacks. An ST contains several different elements which can introduce delays and thereby affect the operation of end-to-end TCP: • Protocol Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) as discussed in... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 7.4.2 Bit error ratio | The bit error ratio (BER) is defined as the ratio of the number of transmission errors (erroneous or lost bits) to the total transmitted bits. Typically the transmissions over a satellite link are protected using a combination of error correction and detection and the resulting protected link is error free during norma... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8 Quality of Service (QoS) | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.1 Overview of QoS | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.1.1 QoS definition | Quality of Service (QoS) is the collective effect of service performance which impacts the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service. QoS is to the ability of a network element (e.g. an application, host or router) to have some level of assurance that its traffic and service requirements can be satisfied. To enab... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.1.2 QoS architecture | This clause discusses Quality of Service (QoS) as applied to the BSM bearer services. Network Services are considered end-to-end, this means from an End System (ES) to another ES. An end-to-end Service may have a certain Quality of Service (QoS) which is provided for the user of a network service. It is the user that d... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.1.3 End-to-End QoS | On its way from one End System (ES) another ES the traffic has to pass different bearer services of a series of network(s) and the End-to-End-Service used by the ES is determined by the combination of the BSM bearer services and those External Bearer Services. As the End-to-End Service is conveyed over several networks... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.1.4 BSM Quality of Service | BSM Quality of Service (BSM QoS) is the QoS that applies to the BSM Bearer Services. These are the services that the BSM network operator offers and it is these BSM bearer services that provide the BSM QoS. QoS does not create bandwidth. It is not possible for the network to give what it does not have, so bandwidth ava... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.2 IP Quality of Service | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.2.1 General | There is no single IP QoS service model. Broadly speaking two approaches exist: Integrated Services (Intserv) [11] and Differentiated Services (Diffserv) [12]. Combinations of the two have also been proposed. IETF RFC 2990 [13] represents the present understanding of the challenges in providing a QoS architecture for t... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.2.2 Best-effort | The basic IP protocol stack provides only one QoS, which is called best-effort. Packets are transmitted from point to point without any guarantee for a special bandwidth or minimum time delay. This means that all requests have the same priority and there is no possibility to make bandwidth reservations for specific con... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.2.3 IP Integrated Services (Intserv) | Integrated Services (Intserv) bring enhancements to the IP network model to support real-time transmissions and guaranteed bandwidth for specific flows. In this case, we define a flow as a distinguishable stream of related datagrams from a unique sender to a unique receiver that results from a single user activity and ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.2.4 IP Differentiated Services (Diffserv) | Differentiated Services Differentiated Services mechanisms do not use per-flow signalling, and as a result, do not consume per-flow state within the routing infrastructure. Different service levels can be allocated to different groups of users, which means that all traffic is distributed into groups or classes with dif... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.3 IP transfer capabilities | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.3.1 General | An IP transfer capability is a set of network capabilities provided by IP based networks to transfer IP packets. For each IP transfer capability, the service model, traffic descriptor, conformance definition and any QOS commitments are defined. An IP transfer capability is supported by a set of traffic control and cong... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.3.2 Dedicated Bandwidth (DBW) transfer capability | The Dedicated Bandwidth (DBW) transfer capability is intended to support applications with stringent delay requirements. It aims to support the guaranteed and timely delivery of IP packets along the end-to-end path of the network. The DBW transfer capability strives for compatibility with the Guaranteed Service; IETF R... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.3.3 Statistical Bandwidth (SBW) transfer capability | The Statistical Bandwidth (SBW) transfer capability is intended to support applications, which do not have stringent delay requirements. It aims to support the guaranteed delivery of IP packets along the end-to-end path of the network. The SBW transfer capability strives for compatibility with the Controlled Load Netwo... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.3.4 Best effort (BE) transfer capability | The best effort IP transfer capability is intended to support applications which do not have stringent loss or delay requirements. The service model for the best effort (BE) IPTC requires that available resources be used for forwarding packets of best effort flows. Even though there are no QOS commitments specified, th... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.4 BSM QoS to IP QoS interworking | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.4.1 Background | The Internet Protocol (IP), and the architecture of the Internet itself, is based on the simple concept that datagrams with source and destination addresses can traverse a network of (IP) routers independently, without the help of their sender or receiver. The Internet was historically built on the concept of a dumb ne... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.4.2 Mapping IP QoS to BSM QoS | IP-based applications do not directly use the BSM bearer services but they use IP QoS definitions and attributes, which are mapped to BSM QoS attributes at the SI-SD interface. In the case of interworking between IP networks and a BSM network for the transport of IP-based applications, the selection of the BSM QoS and ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 8.4.3 Functional model for BSM QoS | A functional model for a possible implementation of BSM QoS is illustrated in figure 8.4.3. This contains two main functional components: • C-plane functions that establish BSM bearer services in response to user demands. This includes BSM bearer service control above the SI-SAP and the related bearer service manager b... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9 Routing and Addressing | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.1 General | In the IP world, when a packet comes into a router the following action takes place: • The router examines the destination IP address to determine if the router is the destination. • If so, the router passes the IP packet "up the stack" to the appropriate application based on the protocol field. • If not, the router de... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2 Address resolution | This clause discusses how the BSM system determines the IP address and MAC address of the "next hop" in order to forward IP datagrams to a router at another ST. |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2.1 General | Address Resolution (AR) is the means by which a network layer (IPv4 or IPv6) address is resolved to a link layer (satellite MAC or Ethernet) address. Address resolution is performed after the router interface is determined and makes use of an AR cache, which keeps AR entries for resolving the network address. The AR ca... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2.2 Reference model | Figure 9.2.2 shows a reference model for the Addressing and Routing functions at the Satellite Independent interface (SI_SAP). The model defines two components: • The address resolution function in the C-plane. This function is used to determine the satellite link address when the address translation is unknown. The re... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2.3 External interfaces | For the external (wired) interfaces, the ST shall use standard Address Resolution protocols. For example, for an Ethernet interface, ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), IETF RFC 826 [23] shall be used for resolving IPv4 addresses and ND (Neighbour Discovery), IETF RFC 2461 [24], for resolving IPv6 addresses. |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2.4 SI-SAP interface | Satellite specific Address Resolution protocols are assumed internal to the satellite subnetwork. AR protocols that are used for external network are generally not suitable since these protocols may generate excessive signalling traffic. Moreover, standard IP routing protocols are usually designed to allow multiple rou... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.2.5 Satellite specific address resolution protocols | Through the SI-SAP, address resolution services can make use of an internal satellite specific address resolution protocol (S-ARP). Such protocol can make use of the inherent broadcast nature of the satellite links without introducing the overhead of Ethernet ARP or IPv6 Neighbour Discovery (ND). A possible solution wo... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.3 Routing | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.3.1 General | Routing determines the network layer (IPv4 or IPv6) address of the next hop that a network layer packet must be sent. An ST should have the capability to perform IP routing functions. As a minimum the ST should deal with static routes to enable subnets on the satellite side of the terminal to be owned by the satellite ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.3.2 Static routing | This clause describes the elements needed for forwarding IP packets through the BSM system using static or default routing. Static routing may be applicable to both the terrestrial and satellite interfaces. Satellite terminal Satellite Satellite terminal Network Control Centre End Systems (private network) End Systems ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 9.3.3 Dynamic routing | This clause describes the forwarding of IP packets through the BSM system using dynamic routing. Dynamic routing may be applicable to both the terrestrial and satellite interfaces. With dynamic routing, the forwarding table of the ST is configured and updated dynamically thanks to a routing protocol. This requires that... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.1 General | By virtue of their wide-coverage area, BSM systems can be particularly effective when used to provide two basic categories of service: multicast and broadcast. Here we use the term "multicast" to indicate an addressed service and broadcast to indicate an unaddressed (or "all-stations") service. Both services feature a ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.2 Reference models | |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.2.1 IP multicast model | A reference model for IP multicasting via a BSM network is illustrated in figure 10.2.1. The figure illustrates several different functions that can perform replication of the multicast packets: • IP replication by the IP router in the source ST; • BSM replication in the source ST node; • BSM replication in the satelli... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.2.2 Addressing functional model | The functional model for addressing contains three main components as illustrated in figure 10.2.2: • Multicast addressing resolution functions in the C-plane. These are a subset of the general address resolution functions defined in clause 9. • Multicast group management functions in the C-plane. These are additional ... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.2.3 Replication functional model | There are several alternative positions for the multicast replication functions as illustrated in figure 10.2.3. IPV4 / IPV6 SLC SPHY SMAC SIAF SDAF Satellite Link Addressing ST-source packet replication IP Multicast replication ST#1 IPV4 / IPV6 SLC SPHY SMAC SIAF SDAF Satellite Link Addressing ST-source packet replica... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.3 IP Multicast functions | IP Multicast Services are defined in IETF RFC 1112 [9] and IETF RFC 2236 [10]. These services differ from the generic BSM multipoint services (as defined above) in that the transmission is from one or more users to a single group address (a specific IP address). None or more destinations may join the group to request c... |
342be278db575e370ea87dcd0bbb4b47 | 101 985 | 10.3.1 Static multicast groups | Static multicast groups are groups that are pre-configured by management. A ST can either accept or discard data from the groups to which it is subscribed. Static multicast groups may be permanent, or scheduled. Scheduled multicast groups are valid for a specific period: this may be a single event or a regular event. S... |
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