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f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.1 Extension type | The Flow Restriction Extension has extension type 0. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.2 Extension length | The Flow Restriction Extension is 14 bytes long, excluding the Extension Type and Extension Length fields. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.3 Source IP address | If this is non-zero, it indicates that all packets arriving on this channel will have this source IP address. Other packets should be discarded? A zero value indicates that the sender gives no guarantees on which source IP addresses can arrive on this channel. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.4 Destination IP address | If this is non-zero, it indicates that all packets arriving on this channel will have this destination IP address. A zero value indicates that the sender gives no guarantees on which destination IP addresses can arrive on this channel. ETSI ETSI TR 101 803-10 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 24 |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.5 Protocol | If this is non-zero, it indicates that only packets with this protocol number in the IP header will arrive on this channel. A zero value indicates that the sender gives no guarantees on which protocols can arrive on this channel. The value of the Protocol-field affects how the PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC field should be interpre... |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.6 Source port | If this field is non-zero, it indicates that this channel will only be used to send packets with the indicated source port number. If the Source Port is zero, it indicates that packets with any source port number can arrive on this channel. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.2.7 Destination port number | If this field is non-zero it indicates that this channel will only be used to send packets with the indicated destination port number. If the Destination Port is zero, it indicates that packets with any destination port number can arrive on this channel. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.3 Priority restriction extension | The priority restriction extension tells the receiver that only packets with a priority equal to or higher than specified in the extension will be sent on the channel. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 8.2.4 Authentication extensions | One or several different Authentication extensions will be added later. They are used to verify that the sender is a valid member of the IPOD segment. |
f7c91eb1e354b2497af26e208311976f | 101 803-10 | 9 IP encapsulation | All IP packets are transported by DCAP-1 using its CRC 32 bit check on its data content. The IP datagram is the service data unit which forms the data content of the DCAP-1 PDU. NOTE: For multi-byte fields, the most significant byte is always transferred first, i.e.the most significant byte of the packet length can be ... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 1 Scope | The present document summarizes the packet mode operation defined within 3GPP's Release 1999 of the terrestrial UMTS UTRAN FDD-mode at air interface level (layers 1 and 2). Additionally, it also describes some of the enhancements in Releases 4 and 5 of 3GPP in order to provide a high-speed Downlink Access. The present ... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: [1] "Packet mode in wireless networks: overview of transition to Third Generation", B. Sarikaya, IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2000, pp. 164-172. [2] ETSI TS 125 211: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Physical cha... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following term and definition applies: propagation delay: propagation time from the ground to satellite, and back to the ground (single hop) |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 2G Second Generation 3G Third Generation 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2 AI Acquisition Indicator AICH Acquisition Indicator CHannel ANSI American National Standards Institute AP Access Pr... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.1 Third Generation Systems | Due to the explosive growth of the Internet and the increasing demand for all sorts of IP based services (voice and data, multimedia), fast and efficient handling of packet data in third generation wireless networks now becomes an important issue. The market expects 3G mobile radio networks to provide Quality of Servic... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.2 Packet data radio transmission | Packet data services typically exhibit highly bursty traffic patterns with relatively long periods of inactivity, demanding fast traffic channel allocation and de-allocation and high peak rate transmission during activity periods (e.g. for fast Internet access). This is in contrast to the classical circuit mode based v... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.1 Transmission in connected mode | After power-on the UE enters the idle mode, where it searches, evaluates and selects a cell of its preferred network. A UE synchronized to the Broadcast Common Control CHannel (BCCH) is said to be "camped on a cell". The UE will then normally register its presence by means of a non-access stratum registration procedure... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.2 Packet data transmission in downlink direction | |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.2.1 Downlink Shared CHannel (DSCH) | The 3GPP FDD mode standard foresees a special transport channel denoted Downlink Shared CHannel (DSCH) to support efficient and rapid packet data transfer on the downlink. The concept bases on the idea to allocate a high rate downlink channel that can be entirely used for sending high amount of data in a short time to ... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.2.2 Forward Access Channel (FACH) | To deliver small and medium size packets to users in the non-active state, when there are no dedicated channels assigned, the MAC may decide to use the Forward Access Channel (FACH). This is a downlink transport channel that is also used for dedicated and common control purposes. The FACH is conveyed by the Secondary C... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.3 Packet data transmission in uplink direction | The 3GPP UTRA FDD standard defines four different packet data transmission schemes for the uplink to be used in connected mode. The first two schemes use a common transport (random access) channel, whereas the last two approaches use a dedicated channel to transfer the user data. At the end of this clause the concept o... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.3.1 Slotted ALOHA using RACH | For the transfer of short data bursts (typically in the order of a few hundred bits) in the uplink, the Random Access transport CHannel (RACH) can be used by UEs. A frequent use of the RACH for the purpose of short packet data transfer would increase the risk of collisions. The 3GPP standard therefore defines a slotted... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.3.3 Single large packet using the Dedicated CHannel (DCH) | If the UE has to send a single large packet, the following mode may be applied: The UE first sends a request for a dedicated channel using the RACH. This RACH message contains also the size of the packet intended to be transmitted. If there is channel resource, the UTRAN (Node B) sends a channel assignment together wit... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.3.4 Multiple-packet transmission using the Dedicated CHannel (DCH) | An initial random access procedure is applied to set up the DCH in the same way as described above. After the transmission of the first packet the dedicated channel will be maintained for a certain time by solely transmitting the DPCCH (MAC remains in the active state). If new packets arrive before the inactivity timer... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.3.5 The Concept of the Fast Uplink Signalling CHannel (FAUSCH) | The concept of the FAUSCH is not part of the Release 1999 of the 3GPP UTRA Technical Specification. However, it is mentioned here as it provides insight into the different alternatives studied at 3GPP for the provision of shared channels, and as such, could be used for a satellite environment. The Fast Uplink Signallin... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.3.4 High speed downlink packet access | The transmission modes listed above have a maximum transmission speed of about 2 Mbit/s in the downlink. For Release 4 of the radio interface specifications new transmission modes have been studied which allow for a significantly higher throughput in the cell. These modes are not part yet of the specifications, pending... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.4.1 Introduction | The 3G North American Standard TIA IS-2000.2, "cdma2000" [8], [9] provides several enhancements (compared to TIA/EIA-95-B) to handle packet data more efficiently in terms of capacity, data rates, inter-arrival time, UE battery autonomy, etc. - A 5 ms framing (instead of 20 ms) for the Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) p... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.4.2 Large data burst transmission | The cdma2000 terrestrial radio interface tries to reduce the latency and overhead, due to re-establishing the dedicated channels after a period of inactivity, by permitting the UE and the BS to save a set of state information after the initialization phase. This is controlled by a special MAC layer function, called Pac... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.4.3 Short data burst transmission | Infrequent and Short Data Bursts (SDBs) generally associated with the packet data service are normally transmitted on a Common Channel such as the Forward Paging Channel (F-PCH), Forward/Reverse Common Control Channel (F/R-CCCH), the Reverse Access Channel (R-ACH). Sending an SDB on these common channels is identical t... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.5 Comparison with Second Generation Systems | |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.5.1 Introduction | 4. |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 5.1 Introduction | In order to guarantee compatibility with second-generation systems, and to ease the deployment, the new packet-oriented features have been created mainly as enhancement of already existing second-generation voice capabilities. This new set of features can be grouped into two major lines, namely at the physical layer (L... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.5.2 Shared channels | In the 3GPP terrestrial system the proposed common channels are [2] to [5]: 1) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH). 2) Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH), for FDD mode. 3) Uplink Shared Channel (USCH), for TDD mode. The DSCH is proposed as an efficient means of sharing code and power resources in the downlink. Scheduling o... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 4.5.3 MAC enhancements | In IS-95 Revision B a packet data service is proposed. During a packet data call, if there is no data transfer during a period long enough for the inactivity timer to expire, the air interfaces resources are released. This is the transition between active and dormant states. When new data arrive, the air interface reso... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 5 Packet and Circuit Modes of Operation | 5.1 Introduction In this clause, the capacity ratio of the over-the-air packet-transfer mode over circuit-transfer mode is derived. The main factors that determine the capacity ratio and which transfer mode should be selected are: - Radio protocol efficiency in packet transfer mode. - Duty cycle of the packet traffic s... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 5.2 Numerical analysis | More concretely, the following parameters impact the capacity ratio: - call set-up time, the end-to-end call set-up time. However, portion of this time that corresponds to the traffic channel idle time is the time of interest in this analysis; - call release time, the time it takes to release the Radio Link channel aft... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 5.3 Conclusions | The conclusions we have reached can be summarized as: 1) When the sum of set-up time, release time and channel inactivity time is equal or higher than the over-the-air message transfer time, packet transfer mode is more efficient. 2) When the sum of set-up time, release time and channel inactivity timer is less than th... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 6.1 General overview of packet data transmission over satellite | The methods currently considered in terrestrial FDD mode W-CDMA candidate standards to enhance efficiency of packet-oriented data transmission may be briefly summarized as follows: - introduction of a shared channel (fat pipe) with MAC scheduling in the forward link; - quick allocation, adaptation and de-allocation of ... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7 Packet Data Transmission in S-UMTS-A | The packet mode described in this clause is based on the work done for Release 1 of S-UMTS-A. Further studies are on-going and the present document is expected to be updated in order to reflect the outputs of this work. |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.1 High level description | The current release of S-UMTS-A specifications [11] to [14] has been created as a modification to present terrestrial standards, taking into account the particular satellite environment, and notably the points raised in clause 6. The proposed S-UMTS-A procedures are then very close to the terrestrial mode, at least for... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.2 Packet data transmission in forward-link direction | |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.2.1 Downlink Shared CHannel (DSCH) | The allocation of the DSCH resource needs one-way control only and can be entirely managed by the gateway. It therefore appears that the concept of a shared forward-link channel with high capacity (fat pipe) can be adopted for S-UMTS. Low spreading factor codes, requiring less complex UE receivers, may be used for the ... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.2.2 Forward Access CHannel (FACH) | The principle of using the FACH for transmission of short data bursts, when there is no available dedicated channel, can be also retained for S-UMTS. The FACH allows slow power control, which may be provided in a satellite system with large round trip delay. UEs in non-active connected-mode are alerted by the PICH to l... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.3 Packet data transmission in return-link direction | |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.3.1 Short packet transmission using slotted ALOHA, RACH and CPCH | The adoption of the 3GPP slotted ALOHA random access scheme with 15 access slots per two radio frames for the S-UMTS is not directly applicable. Nevertheless, a slotted structure may help to easily determine the round trip delay in the gateway. A reasonable approach for S-UMTS could be the definition of one access slot... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 7.3.2 Packet transmission using the Dedicated CHannel (DCH) | The use of dedicated physical channels with control hold mode during inactivity periods seems to be a reasonable solution for packet data transmission in S-UMTS. In the forward-link, rapid packet delivery can be supported by additionally assigning resources on a high capacity DSCH. In this case the dedicated physical c... |
9871adcf24c5eeb0a8fd718570074fb3 | 101 866 | 8 Open Issues for Future Studies | This clause summarizes the main areas in the field of packet data transmission for mobile satellite systems identified during the study. It is intended to be a guideline for future research activities, which would set some of the open questions. Additionally, this list should also be helpful to system developers as it ... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 1 Scope | The present document describes the general aspects and principles that apply to satellite systems intended to be an integral part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/IMT-2000. The S-UMTS systems considered in the present document are expected to provide a comprehensive range of satellite services, ... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 2 References | For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: [1] ETSI TS 121 111 (V3.0.1): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); USIM and IC Card Requirements (3G TS 21.111 version 3.0.1 Release 1999)". [2] ETSI TR 121 905 (V3.0.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Vo... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: donor antenna: repeater antenna which receives from and transmits towards the satellite service antenna: repeater antenna which receives from and transmits towards the mobile stations domain: highest-level group of physical entities NO... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Cu Reference point between USIM and UE Iu Interconnection point between an RNC and a Core Network. It is also considered as a reference point Iu* Modified interconnection point between a RNC and a Core Network. It is also considered as a reference p... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 2G 2nd Generation 3G 3rd Generation 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project ACG Adjacent Channel Gain ACK ACKnowledgement ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ADC Analog Digital Converter A/D Analog Digital AGC Auto Gain Control ALC Auto Limit ... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 4 Background to IMT-2000 and Satellite-UMTS | The Universal Telecommunications System is a member of the IMT-2000 family of global systems. Satellite-UMTS is an integral part of UMTS and provides direct access to the UMTS core network via the Iu interface. Figure 4.1 shows the overall structure of the S-UMTS concept. ETSI ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1 (2002-09) 16 - OTHE... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 4.1 S-UMTS as in integral part of the UMTS network | Satellite-UMTS systems may use one of the previously mentioned six radio air interfaces endorsed by the ITU and described in more detail in clause 8.1.1 of the present document. Future RTTs, subject to the ITU evaluation process, may also be used. Some of the benefits to be gained from a fully integrated S-UMTS/T-UMTS ... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5 Service Aspects | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1 General 3G service aspects | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.1 Service principles | 3rd Generation systems will provide integrated personal communications services. They will support different applications, ranging from narrow-band to wide-band communications capabilities, with integrated personal and terminal mobility in order to meet the user and service requirements for the 21st century. One key as... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.2 Service capabilities | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.2.1 Multimedia | 3rd Generation systems will support both single-media e.g. telephony, and multimedia services which combine two or more media components e.g. voice, audio, data or video, within one call. Multimedia services are typically classified as interactive or distribution services. ETSI ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1 (2002-09) 19 Inter... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.2.2 Service architecture | As multimedia services may involve several parties and connections, flexibility is required in order to add and delete both resource and parties, without compromising the quality of service targets. Services will be integrated in an architecture frame as shown in figure 5.1. Mobility Man. Call Control Bearer Control Se... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3 Telecommunication services and applications | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.1 General | Telecommunication services defined by 3GPP specifications are the communication capabilities made available to users by home environment and serving network. A PLMN provides, in co-operation with other networks, a set of network capabilities which are defined by standardized protocols and functions and enable telecommu... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.2 Basic telecommunication services | Basic telecommunication services are divided in two broad categories: - bearer services, which are telecommunication services providing the capability of transmission of signals between access points; - teleservices, which are telecommunication services providing the complete capability, including terminal equipment fu... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.2.1 Bearer services | Bearer services are distinguished by their individual characteristics that apply at the reference point where the user accesses the bearer service. In general, different networks, connecting two access points, use different control mechanisms. Because of these differences, in order to realize an end to end bearer servi... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.2.2 Teleservices | Because some teleservices are standardized and others are not, a decoupling between the lower layer i.e. bearer attributes and the higher layer capabilities, will be necessary for the development of teleservices. |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.3 Supplementary services | A supplementary service modifies or supplements a basic telecommunication service. Consequently, it cannot be offered to a user as a stand alone service. It shall be offered together or in association with a basic telecommunication service. The same supplementary service may be applicable to a number of basic telecommu... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.3.4 Quality of Service requirements | TS 122 105 [15] presents a detailed description of telecommunication services, including requirements on quality and several examples of possible services built upon these capabilities. In particular, both for connection and connectionless traffic, in a satellite environment, the network shall efficiently guarantee the... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.1.4 Location based services | Location Services may be considered as a network provided enabling technology, consisting of standardized service capabilities, which enable the provision of location applications. The application may be service provider specific. LCS can be offered without subscription to basic telecommunication services. LCS is avail... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2 Satellite service characteristics | The satellite component aims to complement/enhance the UMTS/IMT-2000 terrestrial component (UTRAN networks) so as to offer a true global mobile multimedia system. In this respect, the satellite community has many attractive systems to match the IMT-2000 vision. ETSI ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1 (2002-09) 23 |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.1 Satellite main characteristics | It is generally accepted that satellite based-systems provide: - Immediate global and seamless coverage: this enables them to cover remote areas and sparse populations. It also provides a rapid deployment tool when terrestrial infrastructure has collapsed in case of conflicts or natural disaster. For instance a truly g... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.1.1 Implications upon the service attributes | The implications of the satellite component of UMTS upon the services envisaged for T-UMTS can be identified with regard to the service attributes introduced in annex A. More specifically: Mobility Depending on the integration scenario of the satellite system within terrestrial UMTS, the terminal is mobile with respect... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.1.2 Satellite transport and IP-based services | The main problems are related to the performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over satellite links. Given that Internet traffic is by far the most dominant type of traffic in current data networks and TCP is the transport protocol for its main portion , it becomes obvious why significant research efforts ... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.2 Potential service areas for S-UMTS | Multimedia services deployed for mobile terminals will be a subset of all fixed network multimedia services. This is mainly due to limitations that are intrinsic to mobile networks with respect to fixed networks (available bandwidth, quality of service, etc.). ETSI ETSI TR 101 865 V1.2.1 (2002-09) 25 |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.2.1 S-UMTS service categories | The main drivers for multimedia communication arise from packet switched and circuit switched terminals, respectively described in ITU-T Recommendation H.323 [34] and ITU-T Recommendation H.324 [35]. The future UMTS network should then support services generated by these terminals. In principle it is possible to identi... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.2.2 Multicast/Broadcast services aspects | There is a strong feeling in the industry that the future satellite systems can play a key role in UMTS due to their efficient broadcast/multicast capability. This clause provides a further insight in this discussion. |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.2.2.1 Benefits of multi/broad-cast based services delivered over satellite | IP Multicast is an Internet protocol that enables transmission of data packets to a group of receivers. IP Multicast makes efficient use of bandwidth by setting up a mid-point between uni-cast traffic (one-to-one) and broadcast IP traffic (one-to-many). IP Multicast transmits a single copy of a message to a group of in... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.2.2.2 Multicast Applications | Multicast applications can be classified into three main categories: • One-to-many (single host sending to one or more receivers). • Many-to-one (any number of receivers sending back to sender via unicast or multicast). • Many-to-many (any number of hosts sending and receiving to a group address). Multicast application... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3 The potential role of S-UMTS: S-UMTS vs T-UMTS services | As already discussed, growing demand for access to MM services anytime/anywhere will be the key driver of 3G services roll-out. However, it seems clear that without satellites, this "anywhere" characteristic is impossible to achieve. This clause discusses possible scenarios for the integration of S-UMTS into the overal... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.1 S-UMTS complementing T-UMTS | The terminology describing the relation of the satellite component of UMTS to its terrestrial analogue is extensive though sometimes confusing. The degree of integration between the two systems can vary significantly and for instance three different levels of interoperability have been identified: terminal level, netwo... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.2 Geographical Complement/Early Service Proposition scenarios | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.2.1 Direct access to the satellite | Gateway IMT2000 Core Network Mono mode terminal: Satellite only or Bimode terminal: Satellite/ terrestrial IMT2000 Base Station system Figure 5.3: Direct access to satellite configuration - Source [24] In this scenario the system uses mono (S-UMTS only) or dual mode (S-UMTS/T-UMTS) terminals. The terminal receives dire... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.2.2 Indirect access to the satellite - individual configuration | TC-IMT2000 terminal Intermediate module on board Short range wireless interface SC-IMT2000 air interface SC-IMT2000 satellite SC-IMT2000 Gateway IMT2000 Core network Unicast + Multicast traffic Figure 5.4: Indirect access to satellite - individual configuration - Source [24] In this scenario the system requires «distri... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.2.3 Indirect access to the satellite - collective configuration | SC-IMT2000 air interface SC-IMT2000 satellite SC-IMT2000 Gateway TC-IMT2000 terminas IMT2000 Core network Unicast + Multicast traffic TC-IMT2000 air interface Intermediate module on board Figure 5.5: Indirect access to satellite - collective configuration - Source [24] In this scenario the system uses standard T-UMTS t... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.3 Service complement scenarios | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.3.1 Indirect access to the satellite | SC-IMT2000 Satellite SC-IMT2000 Gateway Intermediate module TC-IMT2000 terminal IMT2000 Core network Short range wireless interface TC-IMT2000 air interface TC-IMT2000 Base station System Unicast traffic Multicast traffic SC-IMT2000 air interface Figure 5.6: Broadcast oriented - Indirect access to satellite - Source [2... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 5.2.3.3.2 Direct access to satellite | SC-IMT2000 Satellite SC-IMT2000 Gateway TC-IMT2000/SC-IMT2000 bi-mode terminal IMT2000 Core network TC-IMT2000 air interface TC-IMT2000 Base station system Unicast traffic Multicast traffic SC-IMT2000 air interface Figure 5.7: Direct access to satellite (Broadcast oriented) - Source [24] In this scenario, the system us... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1 General aspects | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1 Terminal characteristics | Terminals for wireless communication networks are characterized by different aspects. Perhaps the most obvious one is the supported radio transmission technology. Other main aspects are transportability, mobility and communication capability. In the following clauses, the impact of each aspect on terminal complexity, c... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.1 Terminal cost | From the future UMTS-user point of view, when UMTS is becoming a commercial success, the price of the services and equipment (terminal) will be equivalent to the actual GSM terminal price. The economical aspects (cost) of a terminal are defined by 2 aspects. The first is related to the production cost of such a termina... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.2 Radio transmission technology | The supported radio transmission technology has mainly an influence on terminal complexity and even more on business opportunities. Both complexity and business opportunities will drive production costs. Most radio transmission technologies adopted for personal communication networks can be subdivided into first, secon... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3 Terminal transportability | Terminal size will always be a trade-off between user-friendliness, battery autonomy and transportability. It says more about the way the user interacts with the terminal than how the user interacts with the environment. Wireless terminals for personal communication networks can roughly be divided into five different c... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3.1 Pocket phone terminal type | This is the classical type of low-cost terminal that is used today in second-generation networks. It offers a maximum of transportability at the expense of screen size and battery autonomy. Although third generation terminals will contain much more complexity at the hardware level, the ever-growing miniaturization of d... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3.2 PDA terminal type | The new wireless multimedia applications demand bigger screen sizes and more efficient interaction utilities on third generation terminals. The future handheld terminal will no longer have the same aspects as today's GSM phone but will rather be a merging between a cellular phone and a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3.3 Nomadic terminal type | The typical nomadic terminal is known by the image of a person with a small suitcase having a phone call in the middle of the Sahara desert. A nomadic terminal is the best solution to provide a robust and high data rate satellite link with a device that is still portable by a human being. Furthermore, nomadic terminals... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3.4 Modular built-in terminal type | Built-in terminal types are specially adapted to be mounted into cars, small planes and boats and even as fixed stations. Although they cover a wide range of equipment, they all have the following characteristics in common: • External power supply. • Modular concept of different components that can be mounted separatel... |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.3.5 Plug-in terminal type | Plug-in terminals are very high-integrated communication devices without user interface and battery. They can be used to add communication functionality to standard laptop computers in the form of a PCMCIA card. Figure 6.5:Plug-in type |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.4 Terminal capabilities and performance | |
9c93b22846a27ede6d6f94031adc745f | 101 865 | 6.1.1.4.1 Terminal capabilities | From a terminal manufacturer point of view, it makes sense to optimize his product range in a way that a maximum number of users can be satisfied. Roughly speaking, this approach will lead to a product differentiation into two groups of terminal types as far as communication capabilities are considered. A first group w... |
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