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687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.4.4.7 Co-existence with other systems | The system employs space diversity to avoid interference and allow multiple NGSO systems to operate co-coverage and co-frequency in the FSS bands. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.4.4.8 Applications | The M-Star system will provide a global communications infrastructure for the interconnection of real-time voice and data services. First category of service will include voice and data transport to service providers and business customers. Second category of service will include: two-way backhaul service; one-way point-to-multipoint; one-way multipoint-to- point, to enable terrestrial carriers to aggregate voice or data signals. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.4.4.9 Satellite component of UMTS | Not relevant. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 56 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.4.4.10 Licensing | The application for authority to construct, launch and operate was filed with the FCC in September 1996; the system has been advance published with the ITU by the United States. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.4.4.11 Standardization | It is not clear at this time what standardization activity will apply to this system. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5 SES-ASTRA | Société Européenne des Satellites (SES-ASTRA) is a Transport Provider, and have two projects to provide broadband satellite multimedia services: ASTRA-NET and ASTRA Return Channel System (ARCS). ASTRA-NET is already operational and ARCS is at the specification stage of development. The ASTRA-NET system uses the existing ASTRA Satellite System to transmit a wide range of services to PCs in businesses and homes at substantially increased speed compared to standard telephone lines. These services can be received with a small 50 to 60cm, fixed, single feed dish, at up to 38 Mbps directly to a high-end server or at up to 6 Mbps directly into a high performance PC. For the time being the return channel for ASTRA-Net is provided via terrestrial facilities. ARCS will offer the combination of Ku-band reception, at speeds up to 38 Mbps, with a Ka-band return channel, at speeds up to 150 kbps (on antennae as small as 60 cm). Higher user data rates of up to 2 Mbps and beyond can be achieved through larger 120 cm dishes. Service is expected to begin in 1999. The ARCS return channel is via satellite at the orbital position of 19,2° East, using Ka-band payloads on ASTRA 1H (to be launched before year-end 1998) and on ASTRA 1K (scheduled for launch in the year 2000). |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.1 Target market | No information supplied. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.2 Satellite constellation | The ASTRA Satellite System consists of eight satellites at two orbital locations on the geostationary arc, at an altitude of 36 000 kilometres. By co-locating their satellites, SES makes optimal use of the available orbital slots, a scarce natural resource: co-location ensures that all the channels broadcast via ASTRA can be received on one single-feed, fixed parabolic dish. ASTRA currently provides 120 transponders which transmit more than 90 analogue and more than 220 digital TV channels as well as more than 180 analogue and digital radio channels to viewers and listeners all over Europe. The ASTRA Satellite System features internal back-up capacity. Each ASTRA satellite, in addition to its active transponders, carries back-up capacity for other ASTRA satellites which can be activated on demand. ASTRA 1G, the seventh spacecraft of SES, was co-located at the orbital position of 19,2° East on December 3rd 1997. Before the end of 1998, SES will add three new spacecraft to its fleet. ASTRA 1H will join the existing ASTRA fleet at 19,2° East. ASTRA 2A, scheduled for launch in the first quarter of 1998, will open a second orbital position for SES at 28,2° East. ASTRA 2B will be co-located at 28,2° East before the end of 1998. ASTRA 1K, the eleventh satellite in the ASTRA series, will be deployed at the orbital position of 19,2° East by the end of the year 2000. ASTRA 1H will include a Ka-band payload opening a high-speed return path directly via satellite, thus providing the ASTRA system with the full interactivity needed for the transmission of multiple media content. All ASTRA satellites are "bent pipe", and without inter-satellite links. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 57 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.3 Frequency bands | The ASTRA Satellite System "Low Band" transmits between 10,70 GHz and 11,70 GHz. The ASTRA Satellite System "High Band" transmits between 11,70 and 12,75 GHz. ARCS will use the 29,5 to 30,0 GHz frequency band. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.4 Terminals | The ASTRA single-user terminals are outdoor type earth stations with dishes between 50 cm and 120 cm diameter, connected to a "Universal LNB" which selects either the ASTRA "Low Band" or the ASTRA "High Band" and the appropriate horizontal or vertical polarization. A Universal Twin LNB is also available which has two outputs that can be controlled independently of each other by two digital receivers, one digital receiver and one analogue receiver or two analogue receivers. The ASTRA communal (SMATV) antenna system is available for service to blocks of houses or apartment blocks with up to 100 households and more. The signals are received at a central point (head-end) and distributed via coaxial cables. With this system dishes are between 60 cm and 180 cm diameter. The SMATV Universal LNB has four outputs which simultaneously provide both polarizations and frequency bands: Vertical Low Band, Vertical High Band, Horizontal Low Band and Horizontal High Band. The outputs of the LNB are connected to a multi-switch for distribution to multiple receivers. For ARCS, three terminal types are proposed, with Ka band uplink data rates of 150 kbps (60 cm dish), 384 kbps and 2 048 kbps (120 cm dish), and will be to an open radio interface standard. The Ku band downlink channel will be DVB compliant and will offer data rates up to 38 Mbps. The terminals will support IP over ATM. The modulation scheme on the radio interface is QPSK on Multi frequency TDMA. The terminal installation will be performed by professionals, |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.5 Mobility | ASTRA operates in the fixed satellite service; there are no plans to support non-fixed terminals. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.6 Gateway and network interfaces | A single gateway is required to serve the target market share of up to some hundreds of thousands of users. Interconnection with other networks will be via SDH and direct to satellite. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.7 Co-existence with other systems | ASTRA SES expects that compatibility problems with other systems using the same spectrum will arize and will need to be resolved through a frequency co-ordination process. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.8 Applications | ARCS will be optimized for efficient, high-speed, bandwidth-on-demand, asymmetric 2-way communications, i.e. for broadcasting and multicasting with return channel capabilities, with storage and hosting of multimedia content. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.9 Satellite component of UMTS | No information supplied. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 58 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.10 Licensing | SES-ASTRA regard licensing as a critical issue. A serious problem is the complicated patchwork of different and sometimes quite restrictive licensing regimes in Europe. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.5.11 Standardization | SES-ASTRA considers the following to be relevant issues for standardization: - EMC; - RF spectrum emissions; - Control and Monitoring; - Safety; - Radio interface: access scheme and signalling; - IF interfaces and/or antenna interfaces (indoor unit to outdoor unit). SES-ASTRA thinks an ETSI standard for type approval would be helpful. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6 SkyBridge | SkyBridge Limited Partnership (LP) is developing the SkyBridge system of LEO satellites to provide global (± 68° latitude) cost-effective access to high speed multimedia services, with initial operation planned for the end of year 2001 and the full operational service to be made available over the course of the year 2002. The SkyBridge system uses LEO satellites while sharing and reusing the same frequency bands as that of geostationary and fixed terrestrial systems (Ku band). SkyBridge is an access network that provides, in the terminology of the terrestrial environment, the “last mile” connectivity. SkyBridge will not compete with terrestrial systems, but rather complement them in terms of coverage. The SkyBridge system provides service to: - Residential users; antenna diameter 50 cm: uplink up to 2,5 Mbps; downlink up to 20 Mbps; - Professional users; antenna diameter up to 1 meter: uplink up to m x 2,5 Mbps; downlink up to n x 20 Mbps. The global system capacity is > 200 Gbps. SkyBridge LP is a US company based in Delaware. The general partner of SkyBridge (SkyBridge GP) is Alcatel. The current partners are: LORAL Aerospatiale, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, SPAR, Sharp, CNES and SRIW. The SkyBridge cost is $US 4,2B. This includes the space segment with an in-orbit delivery, the ground control segment and the complete engineering and development of the telecommunications infrastructure (e.g. gateway earth station, subscriber earth station, network management etc.). |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.1 Target market | The target market is up to 24 million business and residential subscribers from a projected market of 400 million users world-wide over the next decade. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.2 Satellite constellation | The SkyBridge system comprizes 80 active satellites plus 4 on-ground spares. They are dispersed in 20 circular orbital planes at an altitude of 1 469 km inclined at 53° with respect to the Equator, each with 4 active satellites. Each satellite has a maximum of 24 downlink beams. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 59 For each satellite, the maximum uplink capacity is 2 Gbps and the maximum downlink capacity is 6 Gbps. The satellites are "bent-pipe" and do not have on-board switching or Inter-Satellite Links (ISL). The projected satellite operational lifetime is 8 years. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.3 Frequency bands | The full Ku band granted to NGSO FSS will be used, according to the needs. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.4 Terminals | The SkyBridge terminals are "roof-top" style earth stations consistent with use in the fixed satellite service. An open platform oriented towards a multi-vendor scenario is the reference taken. There are three residential types, with 2W PA: individual; collective for buildings; collective for housing estates. Antenna gain requirements are: (36 - 25logθ) dB for θ < 48°; - 6 dB for θ > 48°. For a residential type, the maximum uplink capacity is 2,5 Mbps and the maximum downlink capacity is 20 Mbps. The target price of the individual residential terminal is about $ 700. Local operators will decide to subsidize or not according to their market strategy and the services they want to provide. There are two professional types, with 6W PA: individual; collective. Antenna gain requirements are: (32 - 25logθ) dB for θ < 48°; - 10 dB for θ > 48°. For a professional type, the maximum uplink capacity is m x 2,5 Mbps and the maximum downlink capacity is n x 20 Mbps. The outdoor unit contains the antenna and RF parts. The antenna subsystem tracks on satellite ephemerides. The SkyBridge reference installation will be performed by professionals, though it remains possible in some cases that the users install the terminal themselves. In this case, the terminal will still need to be positioned correctly, although inherent in the terminal design, there are ways for the terminals to adjust to the installation inaccuracies. The impact will be in terms of a longer time required by the terminal to get the correct references for pointing. According to designs the modem can be outdoor or indoor. The indoor unit contains the rest and delivers interfaces to the end-user such as: S0 or G.704 TDM mux, USB, Ethernet 10BT or 10B2, Frame-Relay, PPP multilink or even ATM if the market requires it. The modulation scheme on the radio interface is CDMA with 80 codes per carrier in the downlink and 40 codes per carrier in the uplink. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.5 Mobility | SkyBridge operates in the fixed satellite service; there are no plans to support non-fixed terminals. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.6 Gateways and network interfaces | 202 gateways are required to serve the target market share of up to 24 million users. They will be interconnected by terrestrial WANs, where available, and by satellite links. Interconnection with other networks will be via ATM switches. SkyBridge will interface seamlessly with existing terrestrial networks. Furthermore, SkyBridge is a LEO system, the delay of which will be compatible with all known multimedia applications, including those based on service protocols such as TCP/IP. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 60 Gateways are made up of classical ISDN local exchanges, routers and RANs with IP QoS control and of ATM switches for dispatching the traffic between the access network and the terrestrial WAN. This provides the means for integrated services and network management. The system supports ISDN, IP over PPP, Frame-Relay and ATM (PVC trunking and MPOA or MPLS). Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is used on the radio interface and may not be visible externally. Quality of Service (QoS) is guaranteed by classical ATM processes. For each gateway, the maximum uplink capacity is 870 Mbps and the maximum downlink capacity is 2,4 Gbps. The gateways will be operated by a local telecom operators and service providers. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.7 Co-existence with other systems | SkyBridge is a system that re-uses the radio spectrum. One of its innovative features is to reuse the same spectrum as the geostationary satellites and fixed services. This innovation has been discussed in the CEPT and ITU forums, and it has been recognized that geostationary satellites can be protected from other NGSO systems given certain interference limitations, which have been defined by the WRC as hard limits. These limits have in principle been established by considering what the potentially interfered systems (e.g. GSO, FS,..) could handle. This concept being new, Administrations have accepted to endorse the principle of limits, to be included in the radio regulations (article S22.2), and to accept provisional values for the limits. These values will be reviewed at the next Conference after a study period. At the WRC 97, the ITU defined the conditions under which NGSO FSS systems such as SkyBridge can operate in the Ku band. WRC 2000 will finalize the values of the equivalent or aggregated power flux density (epfd or apfd) limits that NGSO FSS systems will need to respect. SkyBridge foresees no difficulty whatsoever in this respect. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.8 Applications | The SkyBridge system is designed to be transparent to most broadband applications. It is specially designed to be compatible with terrestrial applications supported by transmission systems such as ADSL and fiber-optic networks. It is not designed to provide broadcast applications based on MPEG-2, though technically could support such services. The principle applications that are considered for the residential user are the following: - high-speed Internet access; - telemedecine; - interactive applications (e.g. video games); - online services; - videophony. For the professional users the applications are: - INTRANET; - remote connection to INTRANET; - LAN to LAN connection. For professional users working at home or away from the office: - telecommuting; - remote access to enterprises. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.9 Satellite component of UMTS | SkyBridge is not involved with S-UMTS. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 61 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.10 Licensing | Request has been made to obtain a global license to launch and operate the space segment at the FCC (USA). SkyBridge has filed with the FCC for a license in February 97. An amendment has been submitted in July 97 with a petition for a domestic "rulemaking". Following the WRC 97, the FCC has submitted to the ITU an APS4. Recently (end of May 98) a request for co-ordination has been submitted to the ITU. France has also submitted FSATMULTI-1B APS4, as well as requests for co-ordination. SkyBridge is working to encourage a suitable licensing regime for the ground segment with a minimum of regulatory constraints and with maximum harmonization. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.6.11 Standardization | Considering that there are already several systems operating in different frequency bands with different space technologies, it will be difficult to achieve an end-to-end standard such as GSM. However some parts of the system could be standardized in order to facilitate the regulatory regime of each system. For instance, SkyBridge is in favour of a volunteer standard for the terminal, gateway and satellite radio segments. SkyBridge considers the following to be relevant issues for standardization: - frequency sharing and re-use; - avoiding harmful interference to users; - open interfaces; SkyBridge thinks an ETSI standard for type approval would be helpful. In addition, SkyBridge supports the type approval regime currently being established in Europe with the new Type Approval Directive. The GMPCS MoU Arrangements, to which SkyBridge is a signatory, should also apply in the EU and in CEPT countries. There are a number of areas where ETSI standardization is not considered required or applicable for SkyBridge: - Air interface: this interface is by essence specific (and proprietary); - IF and/or antenna interfaces: these interfaces may not be accessible in the SkyBridge system; - User, application and computer interface: the interfaces used by SkyBridge are, or will be, standardized. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7 Teledesic | Teledesic LLC is establishing the Teledesic Network of Low Earth Orbit satellites to provide fibre-like (low latency, low error-rate, high availability) broadband communications to all parts of the world, with initial operation planned for the year 2003. The projected budget for the spacecraft, launch, ground terminal development and OA & M is $US 9B. The principal shareholders are: Craig McCaw, Bill Gates, Motorola, Boeing Corporation and Prince Alwaleed bin Talal. The major technical partners are: Motorola, Boeing Corporation and Matra-Marconi. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.1 Target market | - Business entities for telecommunications network access and enterprise networks (e.g. intranets). - Telecommunications network operators for thin route back-up, trunking and remote area service. - Residential users, as well as maritime and aviation users, mainly for network access. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 62 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.2 Satellite constellation | The constellation consists of 288 active satellites, plus 36 in-orbit spares. They are dispersed in 12 circular orbital planes at an altitude of 1 375 km and at 84,7° inclination, each with 24 active satellites. Each satellite will have 725 uplink beams, with 1:7 frequency re-use. The minimum earth station elevation angle is 40°. The satellites have on-board switching and optical inter-satellite links (ISL), with RF ISLs reserved as a back-up solution. Fixed earth mapping of uplink beams enables traffic to be directed to whatever satellite beam is providing geographic coverage for the corresponding transmit earth station. Downlink beams are pointed to specific points on Earth as a function of traffic requirements from the satellite currently responsible for the coverage of that area. The projected satellite operational lifetime is 7 years. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.3 Frequency bands | The Ka band frequencies are used: - Downlink: 18,8 to 19,3 GHz. - Uplink: 28,6 to 29,1 GHz. These bands have been FCC licensed to Teledesic in the USA; frequency assignments are already registered in the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau MIFR (Master International Frequency Register), with complete notification information submitted to the ITU on 20 October 1995. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.4 Terminals | The terminals use a combination of Multi-Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MF-TDMA) on the uplink and Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing (ATDM) on the downlink. The modulation schemes will be QPSK and 8-psk. The Teledesic Network provides transport and access facilities to: - Standard terminals: symmetrical on-demand 16 kbps to 2,048 kbps, with downlink data rates up to 64 Mbps. - Broadband terminals: symmetrical up to 64 Mbps; with target bit error rate < 10-10. The maximum EIRP is quoted as approximately 45 dBW with a PA operating at 10 W, in heavy rain conditions and substantially less during clear sky conditions. The rain margin is quoted as: - Uplink: 10,5 dB (with power control); - Downlink: 5,5 dB. Availability for a standard terminal in New York City is 99,9 %. Standard terminals will use a flat, phased array or small (30 cm) dishes that simply need to be mounted in a horizontal plane. There are no other user installation adjustments. The standard user terminal equipment will be designed to be installed by non-professionals, therefore mandatory regulation and certification of installation is not required. However, it is anticipated that the equipment would be certified according to the method being defined as part of the GMPCS forum. Terminals will, to the greatest extent possible, autonomously detect and correct faults. Teledesic will work in close collaboration with its Service Provider partners to otherwize prevent system-level interference. Standard terminals will be as complex and cost about the same as a laptop computer. Broadband terminals will cost proportionally more. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 63 Electronically and/or mechanically steered antennas will be used. User terminal transmissions will be pre-compensated for Doppler. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.5 Mobility | The system is primarily intended for servicing fixed earth terminals, but will be capable of supporting mobile terminals installed on ships and airplanes with the same broadband services. For systems such as UMTS it will usefully serve for base station backhaul in areas lacking cost or performance-competitive terrestrial service. The standard terminal antennas are small enough to be mounted on vehicles (surface, ship or aircraft), if authorized on a national basis. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.6 Gateways and network interfaces | There is no distinction between gateways and user terminals. Terminals can be used to provide interconnection to other networks as required. Terminals operating as gateways will be interconnected through existing and future Service Provider networks via standard interfaces. The Teledesic network supports any standard network interface, including IP, ATM, Frame Relay, and telephony services, and is application independent, so the most effective interface will be decided by the user. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.7 Co-existence with other systems | Co-frequency operation with other FSS systems in the bands 18,8 to 19,3 GHz and 28,6 to 29,1 GHz is governed by RR S5.523A (WRC-97). Frequency co-ordination between satellite networks will be performed as required under S9.11A/Res 46 (WRC97) of the ITU Radio Regulations. Co-frequency operation with terrestrial fixed-service systems are governed by the general ITU rules applied to sharing between FSS and FS. Given that the Teledesic system will have ubiquitous deployment of terminals, inefficient use of the spectrum will result if FS systems are ubiquitously deployed in the same bands. Therefore, although bilateral co- ordination is possible between Teledesic terminals and FS stations, the high cost of this and the limitations on growth inherent to band sharing will lead to a band segmentation solution in many countries. By reserving the bands 18,8 to 19,3 GHz and 28,6 to 29,1 GHz for NGSO FSS use, these countries will guarantee access to the full benefits that only NGSO FSS technology can deliver to all their citizens. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.8 Applications | The Teledesic network can be used for any application requiring from 16 kbps to several hundred Mbps. The Teledesic interface is application independent. For example, a PC based application would connect to the satellite network through an interface card (analogous to a modem) to communicate. The other end of the satellite network will direct the traffic through an appropriate interface to restore the communication protocol required by the corresponding PC. Applications will not need any satellite specific features to work properly; in particular, delays will be comparable to the best terrestrial networks. The system is not suited to broadcast applications those are more economically implemented over GSO networks. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.9 Satellite component of UMTS | Insofar as UMTS is directed to 3 GHz service links, Teledesic is not involved. There is a definite commonality of interest in the provision of services requiring more than voice bandwidths. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 64 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.10 Licensing | The FCC licensed Teledesic on March 14, 1997 to construct, launch and operate a (global) NGSO FSS satellite system to provide domestic (US) and international service. The major remaining issue for Teledesic is country-by-country licensing. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.7.11 Standardization | Teledesic will have open specifications, and is interested in standardization of: • spectrum emissions; • user interface; • application interface; • computer interface; • IF interfaces; • antenna interfaces. Teledesic also notes that it may be desirable to incorporate broadband NGSO FSS provisions in other telecommunications standards. Teledesic is currently involved in standardization activities in ITU-R, FCC and ETSI. Teledesic thinks an ETSI standard for terminal RF characteristics would be valuable for terminal type approval purposes. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8 WEST | The system Wideband European Satellite Telecommunications (WEST) is at the specification/design stage of development and is an initiative by Matra Marconi Space who are equipment manufacturers. Since 1995, Matra Marconi Space has dedicated significant resources to the design of this multimedia network. This effort is efficiently supported by both the European Space Agency and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales. Active cooperation with major players of Telecommunications networks has also been given major emphasis by MMS in the development plan of WEST. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.1 Target market | WEST will provide several million users in the populated areas of the Earth with fixed multimedia services through very small terminals (typically 70 cm) and through enhanced terminals with a higher antenna size and improved performances. The whole WEST system is a hybrid system of GEO and MEO satellites which will be deployed in phases: the first phase consists of a few GEO satellites which will serve the early regional markets concentrated over the highly developed regions (Europe, North America, Developed Asia). The second phase corresponds to the launch of MEO satellites which will serve new regions on the one hand and provide with new and more interactive services on the other hand. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.2 Satellite constellation | The whole WEST system will provide a global access from any source to any destination. The GEO component of WEST comprizes several satellites, each with 53 beams. The MEO component of WEST may comprize 18 satellites, each with 256 beams, on 2 ground tracks. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 65 WEST satellites will have regenerative payloads, with an on-board ATM switch, and optical intersatellite links between GEO and MEO satellites. Satellite projected lifetime is 15 years. Table 5: WEST GEO networks Advance Publication: Reception by the BR April 10, 1997 Publication November 18, 1997 Request for Co-ordination: reception by the BR October 10, 1997 Name Orbital Position AR11 number WEST-GEO-A 1°E 2066 WEST-GEO-B 32°E 2067 WEST-GEO-C 40°E 2068 WEST-GEO-D 52°E 2069 WEST-GEO-E 63°E 2070 WEST-GEO-F 85.5°E 2071 WEST-GEO-G 111°E 2072 WEST-GEO-H 120°E 2073 WEST-GEO-I 107°E 2074 WEST-GEO-J 71°W 2075 WEST-GEO-K 61°W 2076 WEST-GEO-L 19.5°W 2077 Constellation parameters for the WEST MEO satellites are available in the ITU filing. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.3 Frequency bands | The WEST System will use the Ka frequency band. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.4 Terminals | WEST terminals will provide the end-user with a multi-rate and a multi-connection environment. The user terminals have antennas with very small apertures (0,7 m). The on axis EIRP for the userlink is 36 dBW. Uplink Power Control is considered. QPSK and TCM modulations are used. Maximum useful rate for terminals: 136 Mbits/s (forward link), 6 Kbit/s to 6 Mbits/s (return link). Required bit error rate (for each kind of link):10-10. Targeted availability for terminals will be higher than 99,5 %. System-level interference will be managed by monitoring of user terminal transmission characteristics. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.5 Mobility | WEST will serve firstly fixed users. It will also offer services to transportable terminals. Further development may allow to provide mobile services. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 66 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.6 Gateway and network interfaces | WEST is a standalone satellite system which interfaces with terrestrial networks. It is designed to be compatible with the existing global terrestrial infrastructure and with telecommunications standards. It is thus seamlessly integrated with existing networks. The gateways are the entities which interconnect WEST to other (terrestrial) public networks. The gateways have antennas with a 5 m aperture. The on axis EIRP defined for the Megalink is 60,5 dBW. Uplink Power Control is considered. QPSK and TCM modulations are used. Maximum useful rate for terminals: 136 Mbits/s (forward and return links). Required bit error rate (for each kind of link): 10-10. Targeted availability for gateways: > 99,95 %. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.7 Co-existence with other systems | If levels of inter-system interference agreed at ETSI are definitively accepted and applied to GEO Ka-band satellites (see EN 301 358 [6] and EN 301 359 [5]), the WEST GEO component won’t have any problem of coexistence with other Ka-band systems. MEO satellites will implement a GEO arc exclusion zone technique to avoid interference with/from GEO satellites. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.8 Applications | The multimedia capability offered by terrestrial and satellite infrastructures can be expected to be exploited by business, government, and the consumer public for a wide variety of applications. Among the more desired applications, as expressed by separate business and consumer focus groups, are file transfer, World Wide Web browsing and e-mail, enhanced with high-bandwidth video, sound, and graphical content. Consumers also place importance on downloading of software and movies, personal telecommerce, and personal videophone, whilst business groups place importance on multimedia videoconferencing, remote LAN access which could be used for training, marketing and other corporate communications. It is also possible that the availability of multimedia capability could be the key to the success of socially important applications such as distance learning and telemedicine, which have eluded widespread implementation to date. WEST will offer the possibility to transmit a wide range of applications here above, with very different constraints of data rates and delay requirements to customers with different profiles. The system will allow direct uplinking by individual service providers and accounts for delegated management of the offered services. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.9 Satellite component of UMTS | No information supplied. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.10 Licensing | ITU filing of the WEST GEO component. ITU filing of the WEST MEO component: F_SAT_ICO-WEST. ITU-R Publications: advance publications and co-ordination requests of the WEST GEO Network have been made through the French Administration. MMS through the Agence Nationale des Fréquences has filed for 12 orbital positions in Ka-band on the geostationary arc. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 67 ITU Filing: the ApS4 filing of F-SAT_ICO-WEST system was submitted to ITU on 16th January 1997 by French Administration. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.8.11 Standardization | RF part standardization is relevant for broadband satellite multimedia communication. In particular, it allows to find a consensus between all the planned and existing systems, thus ensuring the same chance to exist to every system initiatives. WEST considers the following to be relevant issues for standardization: • spectrum emissions; • application interface. WEST currently participates in ETSI TC-SES on the Ka band Working Group, and thinks that an ETSI standard for type approvals would be helpful. 8.9 CyberStar™, L.P. CyberStar™, L.P. is a broadband service provider that delivers several fast and effective data communications services, including high speed Internet access, data streaming and wide-band file transfer for both enterprize and consumer markets. The service is a satellite based communications carrier that employs Ku-band transponders and will eventually utilize Ka-band satellite broadband services as well. CyberStar™ is a limited partnership managed by Loral Space & Communications Corporation. Alcatel is a limited partner of CyberStar™ L.P. The CyberStar™ system is an open protocol, digital telecommunications system that provides a variety of low-cost, high-speed data and telecommunications services to the U.S. using Ku-band satellite transponders on the Loral Skynet Telstar 5 spacecraft. While the service initially is satellite broadcast/multicast to the user with a terrestrial return link, soon CyberStar™ will introduce a return link over the satellite that will provide connectivity capability to anyone within the satellite service area. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.1 Target market | CyberStar™ addresses the enterprize and consumer markets that depend on access to information in a reliable and timely fashion. These are markets that desire increased productivity and more competitive approach to conducting business or simply want a faster, more varied and faster information access capability. CyberStar™ works to combine the benefits of satellite technology with existing land-based networks to transport data and to provide a plaftorm for a variety o new applications and services, including point-to-multipoint broadcasting (multicasting), content streaming, electronic commerce ahd high-speed file transfer and Internet access. CyberStar™ states that research by Anderson Consulting predicts that by 2002 the total worldwide broadband market for transport services will be worth $US 65 billion. Approximately 12 % or $US 8 billion will go to satellite based communications. By 2005, the satellite share will reach $U S 16 billion. Industry experts estimate that the cost os a satellite connection would average about $US 1,100 for the initial installation, plus $ US 50 per month. This compares with $US 2,500 installation and $US 1,000 monthly fee for a T-1 line and $US 300 installation and $US 50 monthly fee for a lower speed ISDN line. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.2 Satellite constellation | The CyberStar™ Ka-band satellite constellation will consist of three flight GEO satellites at 110° West, 93° West and 105,5° East. The CyberStar™ Ka-band satellites are FS-1300 class, three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Each satellite will have: - 27 regional spot beams, varying in size depending upon average rain distribution and traffic density expectations; - on-board processing and switching capability; ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 68 - Travelling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTA) with output power of 60 Watts, arranged in eight rings, six of 9-for-7 and two of 8-for-6 for redundancy purposes; - 1 Gb/s east and west 60 GHz inter-satellite links; - total capacity of 4,9 Gbps. The transmission will be QPSK with FDM/TDMA for uplink and TDM for downlink. The uplink will have a total bandwidth of 750 MHz, with each user transmitting at a data rate of 384 kbps. Using a larger ground antenna, higher data rates of 1,544 Mbps and 3,088 Mbps can be achieved. Downlink signal transmission will use a data rate of 92 Mbps. Both uplink and downlink will employ frequency reuse using spatial separation and orthogonal polarization. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.3 Frequency bands | CyberStar™ will use the following frequencies in all areas: - Uplink: 28,35 to 28,6 GHz and 29,25 to 30,0 GHz. - Downlink: 17,8 to 18,8 GHz and 19,7 to 20,2 GHz. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.4 Terminals | CyberStar™ does not anticipate entering the business of designing, manufacturing or distributing ground terminals; they will work with manufacturers during the Ka-band satellite design and manufacturing phase to ensure that the products they develop will be compatible with the satellite system. Adaptec, a computer networks product company manufacture Ku-band satellite-to-PC adapter cards that provides the connection between PCs and servers and small-dish antennas. News Datacom System Ltd (NDS) provides conditional access cards. It is anticipated that adequate suppliers of standardized equipment components will be available to satisfy global requirements. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.5 Mobility | CyberStar™ operates in the fixed satellite service. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.6 Gateways and network interfaces | CyberStar™ is a GSO system that will expand its gateway concept as required to provide terrestrial connections to the users. The initial complement will comprize approximately eight to ten gateways. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.7 Co-existence with other systems | CyberStar™ will work with geosynchronous and non-geosynchronous satellite systems and with fixed terrestrial systems to address interference issues in both Ku and Ka-bands. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.8 Applications | CyberStar™ will carry voice, data and video at high data rates. It will provide a range of high-speed customizable data communications service, such as: - multicasting, to simultaneously broadcast a file from one location to many; - data streaming, to allow continuously updated information to be streamed to users; - high speed Internet access, even to users in remote locations. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 69 CyberStar™ offers security and reliability comparable to land-based solutions; as satellites have been trusted to carry highly sensitive voice and data communications crucial to national defense, security and reliability have been paramount to their development. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.9 Satellite component of UMTS | CyberStar™ does not have involvement in S-UMTS. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.10 Licensing | CyberStar™ is licensed through the US for its Ka-band system and is co-ordinating through the FCC with other administrations. CyberStar™ has actively participated in the GMPCS MoU and will continue to work with regulators on a global basis to maintain the timely, compliant rollout of the service. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.9.11 Standardization | CyberStar™ is a global system that will benefit from standardization generally; they are addressing standardization issues both within the US and globally. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10 HISPASAT | HISPASAT S.A. is a satellite operator providing space capacity for satellite communications. Among them, special interest on broadband satellite multimedia services is being pursued making use of the development of the satellite digital TV and the interest on high speed interactive traffic services. During the last years HISPASAT has headed several projects on satellite broadband systems based on interactive TV. These are DIGISAT and S3M. DIGISAT and S3M will provide interactive digital TV to individual and collective installations using a Ku DVB channel of up to 38 Mbps combined with a return channel of user data up to 2 Mbps. The designed system follows an open architecture able to work with the existing HISPASAT Satellite System in 30° W in Ku band and with future HISPASAT payload in Ka band, just changing the outdoor unit of the user terminal. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.1 Target market | Prosumer (professional users), or SOHO applications as well as consumer market both types of installations individual and collective. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.2 Satellite constellation | The HISPASAT system has two fully operational satellites that were put into orbit in 1992, HISPASAT 1A and in 1993 HISPASAT 1B. In other words, both satellite are halfway through their expected lifetime. HISPASAT satellites are GSO located in the orbital position 30° West, approximately in the middle of the Atlantic. Both satellites have almost identical features with a Eurostar 2000 platform, stabilized on three axes, with a total power 3 792 W. The HISPASAT system can have a total of 25 transponders operating simultaneously which provide a wide capacity to offer a wide variety of satellite communications services. The HISPASAT system incorporates a significative amount of backup which guarantees service continuity, and thus allows to be overcome possible incidents. The HISPASAT satellite platforms are also perfectly designed to guarantee full effectiveness of all their transponders, even during eclipses. In addition, HISPASAT-1C will be put into operation before the end of 1999. This satellite will provide a capacity of 24 transponders covering Europe and America. This capability has been designed to accommodate the existing and future broadband multimedia services in Ku band. Furthermore, HISPASAT is in the process of designing the fourth satellite of the series, so called HISPASAT-1D which will incorporate specific payload for the provision of broadband multimedia services. Both satellites will be collocated in the same orbital location at 30° W. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 70 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.3 Frequency bands | HISPASAT 1A and 1B uses 14 to 14,5 GHz and 17 to 17,3 GHz for the uplink and 11,45 to 11,7 GHz, 12,5 to 12,75 GHz and 12,1 to 12,5 GHz for the downlink in both coverages Europe and America. HISPASAT 1C will use 13,0 to 13,25 GHz for uplink in Iberia and Europe coverages and 13,75 to 14,0 GHz for America uplink coverages. For the downlink, the band 11,7 to 12,2 GHz will be used. HISPASAT 1D will provide back-up for 1A and 1B and will use the bands 12,75 to 13,0 GHz and 13,75 to 14,5 GHZ for the uplink and 11,2 to 12,2 GHz (or 10,7 to 11,95 GHz) for the downlink. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.4 Terminals | The HISPASAT terminals for reception of multimedia digital TV are earth stations from 40 cm to 1,2 m of diameter connected to an universal LNB switchable between Low Band And High Band and Horizontal and Vertical Polarization. For community installations (SMATV) different solutions developed by the DIGISAT project allow the distributions of multimedia digital TV in the collective installations. These systems, SMATV-DTM TDT, SMATV-IF or SMATV-S connected to the outdoor unit equipped with a four output LNB allows the distribution of the HISPASAT digital channels to all the users in the building in a transparent way. For the near future interactive systems through HISPASAT, the users will be equipped with a Satellite Interactive Terminal (SIT) for individual users or with a Satellite Master Interactive Terminal for collective installations. These terminals will be composed of a dish of 60 to 120 cm and with a transmitter from tenths of Watts to 1 or 2 Watts. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.5 Mobility | HISPASAT operates in the broadcasting and fixed satellite services bands. Although most of the terminals are fixed there are a number of them classified as nomadic which conceives to the system a certain mobility characteristic optimum for the provision of Digital SNG and other professional applications. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.6 Gateway and network interfaces | A single gateway is required. Interconnection with other networks will be made through standard interfaces. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.7 Coexistence with other systems | HISPASAT expects that the problems raized from the coexistence with other systems and services using the same frequency bands will be solved through a frequency co-ordination process. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.8 Applications | The interactive system will be able to support asymmetric high speed interactive traffic associated to digital TV services. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.10.9 Satellite component of UMTS | Not applicable 8.10.10 Licensing The current multimedia digital TV services are operational in the HISPASAT satellite system and the required licenses have been obtained from the correspondence national and international authorities. For the future interactive digital services, licensing is a key point to be explored and envizaged. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 71 8.10.11 Standardization HISPASAT considers the following aspects as the most relevance for standardization: - air interface (modulation, coding, framing etc.); - spectrum emissions; - safety; - IF interfaces and/or antenna interfaces. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11 Intelsat | International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), a spacecraft capacity provider, is actively developing a global geostationary broadband multimedia system at Ka frequency band. The system would provide full connectivity among all users by its on board processing capabilities. Seamless interfacing with terrestrial systems would also be supported. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.1 Target market | - Interactive Multimedia Services. - Small Business. - Large Corporate. - Service Providers. - Terrestrial Public Networks. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.2 Satellite constellation | Five orbital locations are foreseen to provide global connectivity to INTELSAT ’s customers worldwide. Satellites co- location may be used. - 66 deg. E; - 137,7 deg. E; - 243,1 deg. E; - 307,0 deg. E; - 359,0 deg. E. Each location will provide coverage for one or two geographical regions. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.3 Frequency bands | Four-fold frequency reuse will be used in the following frequency bands: User Terminals: - Uplink: 29,4 to 30,0 GHz. - Downlink: 19,6 to 20,2 GHz. Gateways: - Uplink: 28,2 to 29,4 GHz. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 72 - Downlink: 18,4 to 19,6 GHz. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.4 Terminals | Three type of terminals are foreseen for INTELSAT ’s Ka-Band network: - Low Data Rate Terminals: - 512 Kbps: With HPA Power of 1, 2,5, 5 Watts; - 2 Mbps: With HPA Power of 2,5, 5, 10 Watts; - 8 Mbps: With HPA Power of 5, 10 Watts. - Medium Data Rate Terminals: - 32 Mbps: With HPA Power of 40 Watts. - High Data Rate Terminals: - 155 Mbps: With HPA Power of 90 Watts. Professional installation would be required for Medium Data Rate and High Data Rate terminals. Low Data Rate terminal architecture would not require professional installation. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.5 Mobility | Initial targeted market is for fixed users services. Mobile service for Low Data Rate terminals would be considered in future developments. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.6 Gateways and network interfaces | Up to 3 Gateways (Medium Data Rate and High Data Rate Terminals) might be placed in each beam. Inter Gateways links might be through INTELSAT satellites in each region, or terrestrial links between Gateways in different regions. Interconnection with other networks would be at local service nodes. Seamless interfacing with terrestrial protocol would be guaranteed trough the use of networking standards, including ATM and TCP/IP. The Gateways will be operated by INTELSAT Signatories and/or Service Providers. Global and Regional Network Centers would be operated by INTELSAT. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.7 Coexistence with other systems | Filings were sent to ITU in 1995 and 1996. Intersystem co-ordination has been initiated for the planned orbital locations. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.8 Applications | INTELSAT system would provide flexible offering to support a large range of applications. Different quality of service requirements (real time and non real time) will be supported with the associated billing structure and service management. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.11.9 Satellite component of UMTS | No information supplied. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 73 8.11.10 Licensing INTELSAT Signatories would guarantee landing rights when applicable. 8.11.11 Standardization INTELSAT participates in different standardization forums including ETSI, and would like to influence the development of the standards ETSI will produce. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12 Inmarsat | Inmarsat is currently an intergovernmental organization presently with 84 member countries. It provides land, mobile, maritime and aeronautical satellite communications. Inmarsat operates a GEO satellite system which is used by signatories and their service providers to provide Global communications. Inmarsat has been providing mobile high bandwidth solutions since 1991. In 1991, global service at 64 kbit/s could be provided on the Inmarsat-A platform, followed in 1995 by the Inmarsat-B digital platform. These dial up services have, and will continue to enable many leading organizations to use all types of business applications in both land mobile and maritime theatres: - Internet access and web browsing; - Intranet; - Email; - Software/data/newspaper/fax/traffic report/audio/video/DGPS distribution; - Tele-medicine, tele-education, tele-expert services; - SNG/ENG; - Wireless LAN and remote LAN extensions, etc. Inmarsat has embarked on a strategic plan addressing both the short term and the long term requirements for developing its Broad Band Satellite Multi Media services: In the short term Inmarsat will introduce a product (Inmarsat M4) that will combine the assets of the most successful services of: - Inmarsat-B, providing 64 kbit/s dial up service; - Inmarsat mini-M, providing a small portable, energy efficient package for true mobile communications on land and sea; and - the spectrum efficiency of packet data service, to provide the Inmarsat multi media terminal, M4. Service is expected in the first half of 1999. In the long term Inmarsat Horizons is Inmarsat’s next generation mobile satellite communications system. It is unique in its ability to provide a complete range of Multimedia services to small portable and mobile terminals. Service is planned to begin 2002. At least three variants of terminal will be available with the following indicative attributes: - supports data rates up to 64 kbit/s; - supports data rates up to 144 kbit/s; - supports data rates up to 432 kbit/s. The rest of this submission will therefore concentrate on these new products M4 and Horizons. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 74 Finally, as the only MSS operator with 15 years experience, Inmarsat intends to continue to play a role in regulatory and standardization organizations to ascertain that in S-UMTS a true portability of business applications will exist. For example, Inmarsat plays a leading role in SG16 to make certain that digital video standards (H.320, H.324, MPEG-4) can meet the challenge provided by mobile satellite communications. In addition Inmarsat participates in EU-ACTS projects that provide an S-UMTS testbed for the evolution of multimedia services for MSS, over a range of 64 kbit/s up to 2 Mbit/s. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.1 Target market | - Journalists and broadcasters. - Health teams and dizaster relief workers. - Government workers, national emergency and civil defence agencies. - Business users and heads of state. - Rural users and mining/exploration companies. Horizons primary market consists of land users of standard PCs who require global connectivity, and spend considerable time inside areas that are not covered by terrestrial mobile systems. Also included are the UMTS users. They are occasional users of the Horizons system when the terrestrial cellular coverage is not available. Horizons offers users remote office operation. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.2 Satellite constellation | The M4 system will operate over the existing Inmarsat constellation of GEO satellites. Each satellite utilizes a maximum of seven spot beams and one global beam. The number of spot beams will be chosen according to traffic demands. The satellites produce up to 48 dBW of EIRP Spacecraft 3F1 Launched April 3, 1996 on Atlas Centaur IIA: - Lift off from Cape Canaveral; - On-station location 64,0 degs east; - In-service date 11th May 1996. Spacecraft 3F2 Launched September 6, 1996 on Proton D-1-E: - Lift off from Baikunur; - On-station 15,5 degs west; - In service date 06:00 13th October 1996. Spacecraft 3F3 Launched December 18, 1996 on Atlas Centaur IIA: - Lift off from Cape Canaveral; - On-station location 178 degs east; - In service date 17:50 25th January 1997. Spacecraft 3F4 Launched June 3, 1997 on Ariane 4: - Lift off from Kourou, French Guiana; - On-station location 54 degs west; - In service date 26th July 1997. Spacecraft 3F5 Launched February 3, 1998 on Ariane 4: ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 75 - Lift off from Kourou, French Guiana; - On-station location 25 degs east. The Horizons satellite system combines powerful satellites. The space segment includes 3 GEO satellites positioned over Land masses at: - 20,0 E; - 110,0 E; - 90,0 W. Additionally one in orbit will be positioned at 170,0 W. The combined footprint ensures coverage of all major land masses. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.3 Frequency bands | M4 Terminals: - Uplink: 1 626,5 to 1 660,5 MHz. - Downlink: 1 525 to 1 559 MHz. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.4 Terminals | M4 is based on the Inmarsat mini-M system design, and includes a number of new features such as 64kbit/s circuit switched and packet data services. The full range of potential services: - Voice; - 2,4 kbit/s group-3 fax; - 2,4 kbit/s data; - ISDN services: - UDI; - 3,1 kHz audio; - Speech; - 56 kbit/s V.110 data; - ISDN supplementary services; - Personal Mobility (using SIM card); - Inmarsat Packet Data Service, using shared bearers. Horizons terminals will be of at least 3 variants: - an A5 (15 x 20 cm), 0,5kg, palmtop compatible terminal, supporting data rates up to 64 kbit/s; - an A4 (30 x 20 cm), 1 kg, laptop compatible terminal, supporting data rates up to 144 kbit/s; - an A3 (30 x 40 cm), 2 kg, transportable terminal supporting data rates up to 432 kbit/s. A complete range of applications will be supported: - www browsing; - email; ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 76 - File Transfer; - Intranet access; - Video Conferencing; - Video Broadcast; - High quality Voice and Fax; - Full access to all terrestrial services. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.5 Mobility | The Terminals are intended for Land mobile, portable hand carried, permanent or semi permanent installations. It is intended that no professional services are required for deployment/installation, and that this should addressed by the end user (although some fixed and mobile products may require seem skilled installation technicians). |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.6 Gateways and network interfaces | The M4 system will use the same Land Earth Stations (gateways) which provide the current Inmarsat mini-M services. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.7 Co-existance with other systems | M4 will operate in the same Bands as existing Inmarsat equipment. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.8 Applications | M4: It is intended that applications that currently operate over ISDN should operate over the M4 system, also all current applications used on the Inmarsat B and Inmarsat A HSD platforms, subject to the inherent delays. Horizons: terminals will offer a full range of potential services: - all standard PC applications supported seamlessly. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 8.12.9 Satellite component of UMTS | Horizons is positioned as a satellite component of UMTS/IMT200. Inmarsat is therefore interested in influencing the development of the S UMTS standards and has participated. (Inmarsat also participates in EU-ACTS projects that provide an S-UMTS testbed for the evolution of multimedia services for MSS, over a range of 64 kbit/s up to 2 Mbit/s.) 8.12.10 Licensing Inmarsat participates in the GMPCS MoU. Current licenses are obtained on a National basis from the appropriate National Regulatory Authority. 8.12.11 Standardization Inmarsat participates in all standardization forums applicable to its business, including the relevant work within ETSI. Areas that would will benefit from standardization are: - EMC certification; and - Type Approval of MSSs. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 77 |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9 Information gathered on BSM systems | This clause contains information found on various sources on the Internet, basically official web pages for the different systems as well as the http://www.fcc.gov/ib web site. Primarily it is information on satellite systems that ETSI has not received any information on through the questionnaire that was produced. However, in some cases additional information on systems ETSI has received information on is placed here, so that the sections under the chapter containing received information can be kept as equal as possible in form. It is also important to note that in such cases, the information presented here in this clause may not be completely accurate, as it may be of older date. Not the same type of information is available for all systems, but these sections present some of what is available. Different policies from the different system vendors govern how much information is released relating to the different systems. |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9.1 EchoStar | EchoStar Satellite Corporation has received FCC authority to construct, launch and operate two GEO satellites at 121° W.L. and 83° W.L. EchoStar proposes to offer services such as video telephony, video-conferencing, voice communications, computer access to on-line information and entertainment services and medical and technical tele- imaging over the United States. Each satellite will carry 48 transponders / spot-beams, and the system will provide a video, audio and data services at transmission rates ranging from 384 kbit/s to 1,544 Mbit/s. The system is estimated to cost US$ 340 million. EchoStar intends to offer some available transponders on both a common and non-common carrier basis The system will have both narrow and wide spot beams, on-board signal processing, on-board switching, cross-link capabilities between satellites, and small ground terminals. EchoStar proposes to use right and left hand circular polarization. The maximum EIRP of each satellite is 63,3 dBW, and satellite antenna design includes cross-polarization isolation of 30 dB and co-polarized, co-frequency spatial separation assuring at least 20 dB isolation. EchoStar plans to use inter-satellite links to connect its two satellites at 59 GHz. They do not yet have a licence for this. Headquartered in Englewood, CO, EchoStar Communications Corporation is a public company employing over 2,000 people. The company and its subsidiaries deliver direct-to-home satellite television products and services to customers worldwide. Table 7: Echostar summary of information Parameter Value Unit Cost 340 million USD System Coverage USA Cost per 64 kbps equivalent ? USD No. satellites at Ka band 2 GEO Orbit Location 121 W.L., 83 W.L. degrees Modulation and access TDMA System Throughput ? Gbps Data Rates 0,384-1,544 Mbps FCC Status Approved May 97 Terminal EIRP Watts Terminal Antenna Size 70-200 cm EchoStar Web URL www.echostar.com |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9.2 KaStar | KaStar will launch Ladybug I and II and provide two-way interactive, high speed, digital bandwidth on-demand to businesses and individuals. Ladybug I and II will cover the entire U.S., Central and South America as well as parts of ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 78 Europe and Mexico with spot beams from the locations of 73° W.L. and 109,2° W.L. Ladybug 3 at 52° E.L and Ladybug 4 at 175° W.L are not yet approved, but will provide world-wide coverage. KaStar also claim to be able to use dinner-plate size antennas for their GEO Ka-band system, which means they believe they can get use smaller antennas than other, similar systems, yet fighting the same attenuation. They offer no information on their rain margin. The system will utilize ATM network protocol, and provide two-way, digital satellite capacity on-demand. Capacity will be sold to strategic partners and brokers, and support services such as: • Internet service providers (ISPs); • Direct broadcast systems (DBS) providers; • Personal communication systems (PCSs); • Wireless local area networks (WLANs); • Tele-medicine; • Gaming/gambling. Each satellite generates a 48 spot beam pattern so both will cover the service area. A twelve times reutilization of the 500 MHz band for each satellite will be achieved, implying a K=4 reuse pattern, leading to an effective system bandwidth of 12 000 MHz for two satellites. Every location within CONUS will have continuous coverage by four to six beams, providing an effective bandwidth of 480 or 720 MHz at each location. The two satellites in their separate orbital locations will be directly interconnected by a microwave inter-satellite link (ISL). KaSTAR Satellite Communications Corporation was incorporated in April of 1995 in Colorado. The principal of the company is one of the two original founders of EchoStar Satellite Corporation. The principal and affiliates of the company own various television and radio stations in Colorado, Florida, and Alaska and have extensive knowledge and expertize in the broadcasting, cable and satellite industries. Table 8: KaSTAR summary of information Parameter Value Unit Cost 517 or 645 million USD System Coverage Global land mass Cost per 64 kbps equivalent 5 504 USD No. satellites at Ka band 2 GEO Orbit Location 109,2 W.L.; 73 W.L. degrees Modulation and access TDMA System Throughput 7,5 Gbps Data Rates 0,384-1,544 Mbps FCC Status Approved May 97 Terminal EIRP Watts Terminal Antenna Size 66-200 or smaller? cm Ka Star Web URL www.kastarcom.com ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 79 Table 9: KaSTAR key system characteristics (from www.kastarcom.com) Satellite Orbital Location Launch Vehicle Design life LADYBUG-1 73° West Ariane, Atlas, Long March 15 Years LADYBUG-2 109,2° West Ariane, Atlas, Long March 10 Years Transponder Configuration Frequency Band (GHz) Transmit Receive Primary S/C#1 19,2 - 19,7 S/C#2 19,7 - 20,0 29,0 - 29,5 29,5 - 30,0 Number of Transponders: 48 per satellite Inter Satellite Link Frequency Band: 120 MHz @ 60 GHz HPA power: Primary: 30W ISL: 15W HPA redundancy: Primary: 54 for 48 ISL: 2 for 1 Receiver redundancy: 54 for 48 ISL: 2 for 1 Coverage: Each KaSTAR satellite will cover all 50 states as well as parts of Mexico and the Caribbean. KaStar Satellite Overview Satellite Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Launch Service Provider: TBD Design Life: 10 years Structure Height: 3,6m Structure (DxW): 2,0m x 2,0m Overall Length (Solar arrays deployed): 24,0m Total weight at launch (Ariane 4): 3 217 kg Dry Weight: 1 692 kg Liquid propellant weight: 1 525 kg Power Available (end of life): 6 606W Batteries: Nickel Hydrogen Stationkeeping: ± 0,050 degrees box Attitude Control: Three axis Stabilization Command and Telemetry Frequency: C- and Ka- band Ka-Band Reflector Antennas: 4 spotbeam transmit, 4 spotbeam receive, 1 CONUS transmit and receive ISL Antenna 1 transmit and receive Omni Antennas: 1 dual deployed |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9.3 Hughes Spaceway | Hughes / Spaceway is granted 1 GHz of uplink spectrum in 29,25 to 30,0 and 28,35 to 28,60 and 1 GHz of downlink with 500 MHz in the 19,7 to 20,2 GHz band and 500 MHz in the 17,7 to 18,8 GHz bands. For ISL. Hughes proposes the following frequencies: 22,55 to 23,55; 32,0 to 33,0; 54,25 to 58,2 and 59 to 64 GHz band for these operations, but these are not yet granted. Spaceway, a Hughes Communications system, will begin with four Ka-Band satellites covering North America and Asia, eventually expanding to more satellites for global coverage. The system is scheduled to be available in the year 2000, capacity will be sold or leased on a non-common carrier basis. The service will offer upstream data rates (depending on antenna size) of: • 384 Kbps; • 1,5 Mbps; or • 6 Mbps; and • Downlink speeds of 92 Mbps. Each Galaxy/Spaceway satellite will support 68 simultaneously active transponders on both uplink and downlink, with 64 transponders of 125 MHz for user terminals and four of 250 MHz bandwidth for gateways. The satellites will further have multiple spot beam coverage, on-board processing, digital transmission at medium and high data rates, orthogonal ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 80 polarization and steerable antennas. F/TDMA is to be used for terminal uplinks, and TDM on terminal downlinks. The downlink rate will be 130 Mbps. Their FCC proposed constellation will be comprized of 21 satellites located in 16 orbital locations around the world. The actual positions Hughes is allocated are given in the table 10 below. The following list shows their application requests: • Hughes proposes two Ka-band only satellites at each of the following locations: 101° W.L., 99° W.L., 49°W.L.; 25° E.L., and 111° E.L. • It also proposes to operate one Ka-band-only satellite at each of the following locations: 101° E.L., 54° E.L., and 164° E.L. • One hybrid Ka/Ku-band satellite would be located at each of the 36° E.L.; 40° E.L.; 48° E.L.; 124.5° E.L; 149° E.L;173° E.L. and 67° W.L. orbit locations. • In addition, Hughes requested one Ku-band satellite at 135° E.L. Galaxy/Spaceway as a GEO constellation has been filed several times before the FCC: the first time in December 1993 (2 satellites, US$ 660M cost), then in July 1994 (9 - to -17 satellites, US$ 3,2 B to US$ 6,4 B cost), and in September 1995. Now Hughes Communications is filing two new applications with the FCC at the Ka-band. These are • The SPACEWAY EXP™ filing, which outlines an eight-satellite system operating at GEO orbit, providing high data rate transport services. It will focus on the high data rate transport market using GEO satellites operating from four orbital locations. Hughes Communications has requested authorization at 117°, 69° and 26,2° West longitude, and 99° East longitude. • The SPACEWAY NGSO™ filing describes a 20-satellite system operating in NGSO orbit, that will add to overall system capacity, providing advanced interactive broadband multimedia communications services in high traffic markets globally. The NGSO constellation will consist of four planes with five satellites in each plane, inclined at 55 degrees with respect to the equator and in circular orbits at an altitude of 10 352 km. (MEO) Satellites will have ISLs. Hughes has created the Galaxy constellation, the DirecPC system, and owns the majority of PanAmSat. Table 10: Spaceway summary of information Parameter Value Unit Cost 5,171 billion USD System Coverage Global land mass Cost per 64 kbps equivalent 3 760 USD No. satellites at Ka band 20 GEO Orbit Locations 49° W.L.; 25° E.L.; 36° E.L.; 40° E.L.; 48° E.L.; 54° E.L.; 101° E.L; 111° E.L; 124.5° E.L; 149° E.L; 164°E.L.; and 173° E.L. Additional locations at 101° W.L., 99° W.L., and 67° W.L. degrees Modulation and access QPSK, FDM/TDMA uplink, TDM downlink System Throughput 88 Gbps Data Rates 0,0016-6,176 Mbps FCC Status Approved May 97 Terminal EIRP Watts Terminal Antenna Size 65 - 120 cm Spaceway In operation from 2001 Web URL http://www.hcisat.com/ ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 81 Table 11: Spaceway web-site data Capacity per Satellite Family of Spaceway Terminals Simultaneous Simplex Circuits 16 Kbps 276 480 Standard USAT 66 cm, 384 Kbps Uplink burst 128 Kbps 34 560 Enhanced USAT 1,2 m, 1,5 Mbps Uplink burst 384 Kbps 11 520 Broadcast 3,5 m, 6 Mbps Uplink burst 1,544 Kbps 2 880 Downlink on All 108 Mbps 2,048 Kbps 2 304 3,088 Kbps 1 440 6,176 Kbps 720 Satellites Type HS 702 Lifetime 15 years Eclipse Capacity 100 % Bandwidth 500 MHz Satellite Effective Bandwidth 6 GHz Number of Communication Beams 48 Communications Beam Bandwidth 125 MHz BER Performance 1 x 10-10 Transmitter Redundancy 64 for 48 Modulation QPSK Data Stream FDM/TDMA uplink, TDM downlink Data Throughput 4,4 Gbps Downlink Data Rate 92 Mbps Downlink EIRP (note) 61 (dBW) peak; 56 edge NOTE: As measured by Hughes facilities in Southern California |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9.4 GE*Star / GE Americom | GE Americom has filed with the FCC for authority to construct, launch and operate a constellation of nine GEO satellites (from Alcatel) located in five orbit allocations around the world. They will cover North and South America, Europe, Asia, Western Pacific, and the Caribbean. The system will be designed to offer broadband high speed communications to small ground stations, including direct-to-home antennas and feeder stations, including video, audio, teleconferencing. GE Americom, a New York corporation, filed an application for its "GE*Star"system in September 1995, and was awarded a licence in May 1997. • Frequency Uplink: 1 000 MHz of spectrum in the 28,35 to 28,6 and the 29,25 to 30,0 GHz band. • data speeds from 384 kbits to 40 Mbit/s. • Downlink: 500 MHz in the 19,7 to 20,2 GHz band, and later some 500 MHz somewhere in the 17,7 to 18,8 MHz band. • The GE*Star system will allow symmetric and asymmetric data communications transmission rates ranging from 384 Kbps to 40 Mbps. • 17° W.L., 56° E.L., 114.5° W.L.,105° W.L., and 85° W.L orbital locations The satellite in the GE*Star system will use 44 spot beams over its respective coverage areas. All satellites are proposed to be practically identical in design except for differences in their antenna coverage. ISL were not originally planned, but GE has filed an application to modify its authorization to construct, launch and operate a Ka-band satellite system, seeking authority to permit the use of inter-satellite links among the satellites. The satellites will provide 11 times frequency reuse through the use of spatially diverse satellite beams. Satellites will operate using orthogonal polarizations. Each satellite will have a peak effective isotropically radiated power (eirp) of 54,0 dBW. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 82 Table 12: GE*Star summary of information Parameter Value Unit Cost 2,676 billion USD System Coverage Global land mass Cost per 64 kbps equivalent 3 892 USD No. satellites at Ka band 9 GEO Orbit Locations 17° W.L., 56° E.L., 114.5° W.L.,105° W.L., and 85° W.L degrees Modulation and access QPSK, FDM/TDMA uplink, TDM downlink System Throughput 44 Gbps Data Rates 0,0384 - 40 Mbps FCC Status Approved May 97 Terminal EIRP Watts Terminal Antenna Size 65 - 120 cm GE*Star In operation from 2002 More capacity from 2004 Web URL www.ge.com/capital/spacenet Provides no info? |
687ea47256d0a0253a548ca8c0b1feaf | 101 374-1 | 9.5 Morning Star | Morningstar Satellite Company, LLC, has received FCC authority to construct, launch and operate four GEO satellites in four orbital slots, covering the Americas, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand. They have been given the 147° W.L, 62° W.L, 30° E.L., and 107,5° E.L. orbital locations. The FCC has allowed MorningStar to operate over 300 MHz in the 28,35 to 28,6 and/or 29,25 to 30,0 GHz bands, and 500 MHz of spectrum at 19,7 to 20,2 GHz. Morningstar is designed to provide high speed voice and data communications as well as on demand entertainment programming to small satellite dishes. These services will be offered to a wide range of commercial and residential customers through the use of small aperture terminals. Morning Star proposes to offer services on a non-common carrier basis. The system is estimated to cost US$ 936 million Each satellite in the Morning Star system will have two payload sub-systems, each with associated uplinks and downlinks. The forward path will receive up to ten broadband digital carriers from the backhaul station through a steerable spot-beam antenna and will convey 16 high speed (30MBit/s) Quadrature Phase-Shift Keyed (QPSK) modulated signals using 24 MHz of bandwidth. Morning Star's proposed satellite return path will relay user requests for service to the control center and can be used to convey bursts of information from user's terminals at 56 or 64 Kbit/s using QPSK modulation. The same steerable antenna on the spacecraft will be used for both reception of distributed Ku-band signals and transmission of information at Ka-band. The schedule given by the FCC is: Commenced Completed Launch First satellite May 1998 April 2002 May 2002 Next satellites May 1999 April 2002 May 2002 Morning Star is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware. It filed an Ka band FCC application for its system in September 1995. ETSI TR 101 374-1 V1.2.1 (1998-10) 83 Table 13: Morning Star summary of information Parameter Value Unit Cost 936 million USD System Coverage Global land mass Cost per 64 kbps equivalent USD No. satellites at Ka band 4 GEO Orbit Locations 147° W.L, 62° W.L, 30° E.L., and 107,5° E.L degrees Modulation and access QPSK, FDM/TDMA uplink, TDM downlink System Throughput Gbps Data Rates 56 or 64 kbps return 30 Mbps forward Mbps FCC Status Approved May 97 Terminal EIRP Watts Terminal Antenna Size cm MorningStar In operation from 2002 More capacity from 2004 Web URL www.morningstar.com With little info so far |
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