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2.2M
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5.1 Network Functions and Applications maintained by O-RAN
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5.1.1 Service Management and Orchestration (SMO)
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5.1.1.1 Security Requirements
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5.1.1.1.1 SMO
REQ-SEC-SMO-1: SMO shall support authentication of SMO functions. REQ-SEC-SMO-2: SMO shall support authentication of External Systems. REQ-SEC-SMO-3: SMO functions shall support authorization as a resource owner/server and client for internal requests. REQ-SEC-SMO-4: SMO shall support authorization of the service reque...
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5.1.1.1.2 SMO Internal Communications
REQ-SEC-SMO-Internal-1: SMO Internal Communications shall support confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection between SMO functions. REQ-SEC-SMO-Internal-2: SMO Internal Communications shall support mutual authentication between SMO functions.
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5.1.1.1.3 SMO External Interfaces
External Interfaces not specified by O-RAN that provide services to SMO, acting in a consumer role, shall meet security requirements specified in this clause. REQ-SEC-SMO-External-1: SMO External Interfaces shall support confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection. REQ-SEC-SMO-External-2: SMO External Interfaces ...
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5.1.1.1.4 SMO Logging
The below mentioned requirements are referring to securing the event logs in SMO. REQ-SEC-SMO-Log-1: SMO shall support forwarding of event logs to a mutually authenticated remote location. REQ-SEC-SMO-Log-2: SMO shall provide confidentiality and integrity protection for event logs transferred to a remote server. REQ-SE...
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5.1.1.1.5 NFO and FOCOM
The below mentioned requirements are referring to securing the NFO and FOCOM in SMO. REQ-SEC-NFO-FOCOM-1: NFO and FOCOM shall support confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection. REQ-SEC-NFO-FOCOM-2: VOID. REQ-SEC-NFO-FOCOM-3: NFO shall support mutual authentication with the O-Cloud on the O2dms interface. REQ-SE...
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5.1.1.2 Security Controls
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5.1.1.2.1 SMO
SEC-CTL-SMO-1: SMO may support OAuth 2.0 authorization server and provide a token end-point, as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.7. SEC-CTL-SMO-3: SMO shall support OAuth 2.0 resource owner/server, as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.7, for service req...
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5.1.1.2.2 SMO Internal Communications
Figure 5.1.1.2.2-1: mTLS or TLS for SMO Internal Communications SEC-CTL-SMO-Internal-1: For security protection at the transport layer, SMO Internal Communications shall support TLS as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-SMO-Internal-2: For mutual authentication between SMO fun...
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5.1.1.2.3 SMO External Interfaces
External Interfaces not specified by O-RAN that provide services to SMO, acting in a consumer role, shall meet security controls specified in this clause. Figure 5.1.1.2.3-1: mTLS on SMO External interfaces SEC-CTL-SMO-External-1: For confidentiality and integrity protection of data in transit, SMO External Interfaces ...
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5.1.1.2.4 SMO Logging
SEC-CTL-SMO-Log-1: A SMO External Interface used for SMO log export shall support TLS as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2, and FTPES. SEC-CTL-SMO-Log-2: SMO log export may support SSH as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.1, and SFTP. mTLS or TLS-PSK S...
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5.1.1.2.5 NFO and FOCOM
SEC-CTL-NFO-FOCOM-1: NFO shall support mutual authentication with O-Cloud DMS using mTLS with PKI X.509v3 certificates, as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-NFO-FOCOM-2: FOCOM shall support mutual authentication with O-Cloud IMS using mTLS with PKI X.509v3 certificates, as sp...
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5.1.2.1 Requirements
rApp packages shall follow the security requirements and controls in the Common App LCM clause 5.3.2.1 in the present document. REQ-SEC-NonRTRIC-1: The Non-RT RIC shall support authorization as a resource owner/server and client. REQ-SEC-NonRTRIC-2: The Non-RT RIC Framework, as a resource owner/server, shall provide au...
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5.1.2.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-NonRTRIC-1: For A1-EI, Non-RT RIC shall support OAuth 2.0 resource owner/server, as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.7, for service requests received from one or more Near-RT RICs. SEC-CTL-NonRTRIC-2: For A1-P, Non-RT RIC shall support OAuth 2.0 client, as specified in O-RAN Se...
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5.1.3.1 Requirements
xApp packages shall follow the security requirements and controls in the Common App LCM clause 5.3.2.1 in the present document. REQ-SEC-XAPP-1: VOID REQ-SEC-XAPP-2: VOID REQ-SEC-XAPP-3: During the xApp registration procedure the xApp identifier (xApp ID) shall be associated with xApp credentials used for authentication...
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5.1.3.2 Security Controls
API Security - Authentication SEC-CTL-NEAR-RT-1: Transactional APIs (REST and gRPC) shall support mutual TLS (mTLS) authentication via X.509v3 certificates as specified in the O-RAN Security Protocols Specification [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-NEAR-RT-2: Time critical APIs, not supported by TLS protocol, shall support IPse...
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5.1.4 O-CU-CP/UP
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5.1.4.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCU-1: O-CU-CP and O-CU-UP shall meet the security requirements for gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP respectively, as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55].
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5.1.4.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCU-1: O-CU-CP and O-CU-UP shall support the security controls for gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP respectively, as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55]. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 29
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5.1.5 O-DU
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5.1.5.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-ODU-1: O-DU shall meet the security requirements for gNB-DU as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55]. The security requirements for the Open Fronthaul Interface are specified in clause 5.2.5 of the present document.
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5.1.5.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-ODU-1: O-DU shall support the security controls for gNB-DU as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55]. The security controls for the Open Fronthaul Interface are specified in clause 5.2.5 of the present document.
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5.1.6 O-RU
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5.1.6.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-ORU-1: O-RU shall meet the security requirements for gNB setup and configuration as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55]. REQ-SEC-ORU-2: O-RU shall meet the security requirements for gNB secure environment as specified in ETSI TS 133 501 [55]. The security requirements for the Open Fronthaul Interface are specifie...
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5.1.6.2 Security Controls
The security controls for the Open Fronthaul Interface are specified in clause 5.2.5 of the present document.
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5.1.7 O-eNB
5.1.7.1 Requirements REQ-SEC-OeNB-1: O-eNB shall meet the security requirements for eNB as specified in ETSI TS 133 401 [56].
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5.1.7.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OeNB-1: O-eNB shall support the security controls for eNB as specified in ETSI TS 133 401 [56].
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5.1.8 O-Cloud
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5.1.8.0 Introduction
NOTE 1: In the following requirements and controls, 'App' is intended to include both xApp and rApp. NOTE 2: In the following requirements and controls, the actor 'Service Provider' is used to refer to the Telco Operator and/or the O-Cloud Provider since the Application package verification may be performed by both or ...
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5.1.8.1 Generic requirements
Generic requirements for Cloud Platform Management are specified in [8].
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5.1.8.1.1 User Management Requirements for Cloud Platform Management
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-1: Users shall be authenticated. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 30 REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-2: Users shall be authorized. O-Cloud platform shall use an authorization mechanism to control the access rights of users. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-3: Means of isolation of control and resources among different users shall be ...
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5.1.8.1.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-1: O-Cloud platform should support access management to O-Cloud resources based on RBAC (Role-based access control) policies. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-2: O-Cloud platform shall support Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) [46] to ensure secure access. 5.1.8.2 Software Package Protection at the O-Cloud Network Functio...
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5.1.8.2.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-IMG-1 to 18: VOID. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-PKG-1: The Application package shall be successfully authenticated and verified by the O-Cloud Platform during instantiation from the trust images repository using signatures from both Application Provider and Service Provider. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-PKG-2: O-Cloud Platform shal...
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5.1.8.2.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-IMG-1 to 4: VOID.
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5.1.8.3 O-Cloud Software Images Protection
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5.1.8.3.0 Introduction
The identified requirements and controls in this clause are enforcing the protection of O-Cloud software images during both initial deployment and subsequent updates. EXAMPLE: O-Cloud software includes AAL drivers, IMS, DMS, Host OS, Hypervisor/Container Engine.
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5.1.8.3.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SW-1: All O-Cloud software images shall be protected to ensure their integrity and authenticity. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SW-2: The O-Cloud shall support the capability to perform vulnerability scanning on O-Cloud software images. The activation and enforcement of this vulnerability scanning prior to the deploymen...
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5.1.8.3.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SW-1: For all deployments and updates, the O-Cloud shall verify the digital signature associated with the new O-Cloud software image before installing the software package. The algorithms, key sizes, and standards used for signature generation and verification shall adhere to the 'O-RAN Security Protocol...
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5.1.8.4 O-Cloud Virtualization and Isolation
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5.1.8.4.1 Introduction
This clause contains security requirements and controls to mitigate threats to O-Cloud Virtualization layer (Host OS-Hypervisor/Container engine/Cloud platform software components) and provide isolation to the Applications hosted on the O-Cloud.
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5.1.8.4.2 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-ISO-1: O-Cloud shall implement means of preventing privilege escalation by Applications. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-ISO-2: The communication between the different Applications shall be mutually authenticated and authorized. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-ISO-3: The O-Cloud consumer and provider shall together ensure that the Applic...
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5.1.8.4.3 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-O-CLOUD-ISO-1: For mutual authentication between O-Cloud platform software components, mTLS shall be supported as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-O-CLOUD-ISO-2: For confidentiality and integrity protection of data in transit, O-Cloud platform software components sha...
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5.1.8.5 Secure update
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5.1.8.5.0 Introduction
The identified requirements and controls in this clause are enforcing the secure update of O-Cloud software. EXAMPLE: O-Cloud software includes AAL drivers, IMS, DMS, Host OS, Hypervisor/Container Engine.
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5.1.8.5.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SU-1: All software within the O-Cloud platform shall be kept up to date with the last security updates for adding additional security protections and correcting vulnerabilities [i.1]. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SU-2: VOID. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SU-3: VOID. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SU-4: VOID. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SU-5: In case of an incom...
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5.1.8.5.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SU-1: VOID. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SU-2: VOID. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SU-3: VOID. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SU-4: The O-Cloud shall possess the capability to detect and retrieve the latest security updates of the O-Cloud software images. NOTE: This ensures that all O-Cloud software components can be consistently updated with the l...
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5.1.8.6 Secure Protection of cryptographic keys and sensitive data
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5.1.8.6.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SS-1: Sensitive data within the O-Cloud platform shall be protected in terms of integrity and confidentiality at rest, in use and in transit. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SS-2: The O-Cloud platform shall support a secure deletion method from both active and backup storage medias. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-SS-3: The O-Cloud platf...
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5.1.8.6.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SS-1: The O-Cloud shall support the capability for encryption of all sensitive data, including cryptographic keys, credentials, tokens, and configuration data. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 33 SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-SS-2: The O-Cloud shall support the capability for secure deletion of data in addressable...
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5.1.8.7 Chain of Trust
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5.1.8.7.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-COT-1: The O-Cloud platform shall support a root of trust that verifies the integrity of every relevant component in the O-Cloud platform [i.1], [i.2]. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-COT-2: It shall be possible to attest an O-RAN Application through the full attestation chain from the hardware layer through the virtuali...
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5.1.8.7.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-COT-1: The chain of trust shall be built from measurements stored in a hardware root of trust. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-COT-2: The chain of trust shall be built from measurements stored in a software root of trust for scenarios where a hardware root of trust is not feasible or available. SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-COT-3: A re...
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5.1.8.8 AAL
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5.1.8.8.0 Introduction
There are two different scenarios of deployment of the hardware accelerator manager: • Scenario 1: the hardware accelerator manager is a SW component part of the O-Cloud platform and outside the hardware accelerator device. It is linked to the hardware accelerator device via a vendor specific interface. • Scenario 2: T...
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5.1.8.8.1 Requirements and Security Controls on AAL interfaces
5.1.8.8.1.1 AALI-C-Mgmt 5.1.8.8.1.1.1 Requirements REQ-SEC-AALI-C-Mgmt-1: The hardware accelerator manager shall authenticate O-Cloud IMS/DMS when O-Cloud IMS/DMS initiates a communication to the hardware accelerator manager over AALI-C-Mgmt interface. REQ-SEC-AALI-C-Mgmt-2: The hardware accelerator manager shall check...
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5.1.8.8.2 Specific Requirements and Security Controls on AAL components
5.1.8.8.2.1 Requirements REQ-SEC-AAL-1: The hardware accelerator device shall provide the capability for memory to be cleared securely prior to allocation or when indicated by the AAL Application on returning the memory. REQ-SEC-AAL-2: The AAL Implementation shall clear memory prior to allocation or when indicated by t...
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5.1.8.9 O2dms/O2ims/O-Cloud Notification APIs
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5.1.8.9.1 Requirements
5.1.8.9.1.1 O2dms REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-1: O-Cloud DMS shall authenticate SMO (NFO or any other entity using O2dms) when SMO initiates a communication to O-Cloud for the deployment and management of Applications over O2dms interface. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-O2dms-2: O-Cloud DMS shall be able to establish securely protected conne...
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5.1.8.9.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-O-CLOUD-INTERFACE-1: For the security protection at the transport layer on O2 interface, TLS shall be supported as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-O-CLOUD-INTERFACE-2: For the authorization of O2 RESTful and O-Cloud Notification APIs requests and notifications, OAut...
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5.1.8.10 O-Cloud hardware
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5.1.8.10.1 Introduction
This clause contains security requirements and controls on the O-Cloud hardware to protect sensitive data.
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5.1.8.10.2 Requirements
REQ-SEC-O-CLOUD-HW-1: O-Cloud hardware deployment shall be protected against unauthorized extraction or inference of sensitive information using physical methods. NOTE: O-Cloud hardware deployment refers to the hardware used to build the operator's O-Cloud infrastructure.
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5.1.8.10.3 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-O-CLOUD-HW-1: O-Cloud hardware deployment should implement physical access restrictions to deny unauthorized access. NOTE: O-Cloud hardware deployment refers to the hardware used to build the operator's O-Cloud infrastructure. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 37
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5.1.8.11 O-Cloud instance ID
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5.1.8.11.0 Introduction
The following set of requirements and controls outlines the essential criteria concerning the O-Cloud instance ID. This ID is a cornerstone for uniquely identifying and managing various components, including VMs, pods, containers, nodes, and compute pools within the O-Cloud platform. Safeguarding its global uniqueness,...
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5.1.8.11.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-INST-ID-1: The O-Cloud instance ID shall be unique within the O-Cloud platform to prevent conflicts and ensure accurate identification. REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-INST-ID-2: The O-Cloud instance ID shall not be exposed in public-facing interfaces, APIs, or logs without proper authentication and authorization mechani...
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5.1.8.11.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-INST-ID-1: O-Cloud instance IDs shall be generated using strong randomization methods to ensure a high degree of uniqueness and minimize the likelihood of collisions. EXAMPLE: Implementation (Kubernetes-specific): - Kubernetes generates unique instance IDs, called Pod names, by combining factors like pse...
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5.1.8.12 Time Synchronization and Consistency Requirements for O-Cloud
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5.1.8.12.0 Introduction
The requirements listed below highlight the O-Cloud's focus on creating a secure time synchronization framework with NTP as the focus. The requirement and security controls below in this clause are not applicable to PTP. By ensuring each node of the O-Cloud connects to a trusted and authenticated time source, O-Cloud a...
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5.1.8.12.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-TS-1: All O-Cloud nodes shall be configured to connect to a secure and authenticated time synchronization server for ToD synchronization. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 38 REQ-SEC-OCLOUD-TS-2: The O-Cloud shall be configured such that ToD synchronization is maintained across all nodes in an O-Clou...
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5.1.8.12.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-OCLOUD-TS-1: The O-Cloud shall ensure that all nodes are configured to exclusively connect to a secure and authenticated time synchronization server for Time of Day (ToD) synchronization. EXAMPLE 1: • NTP Usage: The O-Cloud should primarily use the Network Time Protocol (NTP) for general time synchronization ne...
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5.1.9 Shared O-RU
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5.1.9.1 Security Requirements
REQ-SEC-SharedORU-1: The Shared O-RU shall mutually authenticate with an O-RU Controller. REQ-SEC-SharedORU-2: The Shared O-RU shall provide least privilege access to each SRO based upon its sro-id. REQ-SEC-SharedORU-3: The Shared O-RU shall provide separate confidentiality and integrity protection of data-at-rest for ...
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5.1.9.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-SharedORU-1: The Shared O-RU shall support mTLS 1.2, or higher, as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2 for mutual authentication on the M-Plane interface with an O-RU Controller. SEC-CTL-SharedORU-2: The Shared O-RU should not use password-based authentication with an O-RU Contr...
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5.2 Interfaces maintained by O-RAN
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5.2.1 A1 Interface
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5.2.1.0 Introduction
The A1 Interface is defined in the A1 specifications [5]. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 40
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5.2.1.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-A1-1: A1 interface shall support confidentiality, integrity, replay protection. REQ-SEC-A1-2: A1 interface shall support mutual authentication and authorization.
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5.2.1.2 Security Controls
Figure 5.2.1.2-1: mTLS on A1 interface SEC-CTL-A1-1: For the security protection at the transport layer on A1 interface, TLS shall be supported as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2. SEC-CTL-A1-2: For the mutual authentication of the Non-RT RIC and one or more Near-RT RICs, the A1 inte...
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5.2.2 O1 Interface
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5.2.2.0 Introduction
O1 Interface connecting the SMO to the Near-RT RIC, may have one or more O-CU-CPs, one or more O-CU-UPs, and one or more O-DUs.
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5.2.2.1 Requirements
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5.2.2.1.1 Summary
This clause specifies the requirements for O1 NACM support post function initialization when the function is in operation. NACM requirements related to network function initialization and when repairing broken access control configuration will be addressed in a future release of the present document.
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5.2.2.1.2 Confidentiality, Integrity and Authenticity
REQ-TLS-FUN-1: O1 interface implementations that support TLS for confidentiality and integrity protection shall support TLS as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specification [3], clause 4.2. REQ-TLS-FUN-2: O1 interface implementations that support mTLS for mutual authentication shall support mTLS 1.2, or higher, a...
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5.2.2.1.3 Least Privilege Access Control
REQ-NAC-FUN-1: Management Service providers and consumers that use NETCONF shall support the Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) as specified in IETF RFC 8341 [10] to restrict NETCONF protocol access for users to a preconfigured subset of available NETCONF protocol operations and content. REQ-NAC-FUN-2: T...
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5.2.2.2 Security Controls
As defined in the previous clause 5.2.2.1.2, the O1 will use TLS 1.2 or higher to enforce confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity; and will use NACM [10] to enforce least privileged access.
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5.2.3 O2 Interface
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5.2.3.0 Introduction
General Aspects and Principles of O2 Interface between the SMO and the O-Cloud are defined in [6].
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5.2.3.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-O2-1: O2 interface shall support confidentiality, integrity, replay protection and data origin authentication.
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5.2.3.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-O2-1: Management Service providers and consumers that use TLS shall support TLS as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.2.
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5.2.4 E2 Interface
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5.2.4.0 Introduction
General Aspects and Principles of E2 Interface connecting the Near-RT RIC and one or more O-CU-CPs, one or more O-CU-UPs, one or more O-DUs, and one or more O-eNBs are defined in [7].
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5.2.4.1 Requirements
REQ-SEC-E2-1: E2 interface shall support confidentiality, integrity, replay protection and data origin authentication.
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5.2.4.2 Security Controls
SEC-CTL-E2-1: For the security protection at the IP layer on E2 interface, IPsec shall be supported as specified in O-RAN Security Protocols Specifications [3], clause 4.5.
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5.2.5 Open Fronthaul Interface
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5.2.5.1 C-plane
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5.2.5.1.1 Introduction
The O-DU sends UL C-plane messages and DL C-plane messages to O-RU to trigger transmission and reception of RF signals. The DL C-plane message describing multiple symbols must arrive at O-RU within a certain time window for the O-RU to successfully receive DL I/Q data in U-plane messages from O-DU. Likewise, the UL C-p...
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5.2.5.1.2 Requirements
REQ-SEC-OFCP-1: The C-Plane shall support authentication and authorization of O-DUs that exchange C-plane messages with O-RUs. ETSI ETSI TS 104 104 V9.1.0 (2025-06) 43 REQ-SEC-OFCP-2: The O-DU shall be able to detect and defend against application level attacks across the C-Plane messages with O-RUs, due to misbehavior...