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6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.1 Types of technologies | There are many types of battery technologies. The main ones are: • Aqueous ionic electrolyte: - Acid: Lead: - Flooded or vented Lead-Acid (LA) - VRLA type - Lead-carbon (PbC) - Pure lead, bipolar LA Other metal acid batteries. - Alkaline: Nickel based: NiFe NiCd NiZn NiMH (NiMn, NiNi in research state) - Neutral ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.2 Lithium ion battery cells | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.2.1 Cell types | There are two types of lithium ion battery cells, these are known as hard case and soft case types. The hard case types are typically of cylindrical or prismatic case type. The soft case type is a pouch. In terms of the cathode and anode material, several types exist: • For the cathode material: LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.2.2 Characteristics of lithium ion battery cells | The lithium ion battery cells have the following main characteristics: • High gravimetric and volumetric energy density • Higher voltage than aqueous technologies (> 2 V) • No memory effect and negative effect of Partial State of Charge (PSoC) • Moderate environmental impact depending on chemical composition and featur... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.2.3 Nominal voltage of lithium ion battery cells | Lithium-ion technologies used in portable devices can be used as a stationary battery and have a well-known high nominal voltage of 3,6 V. Annex C lists standard secondary lithium cells defined in IEC 61960-3 [i.7]. Battery manufacturers are developing technologies to increase the nominal voltage to 3,7 V or 3,8 V in o... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.2.4 End-of-charge and end-of-discharge voltage | Since lithium ion batteries present the possibility for violent fire in the case of over-charging or over-discharging, safety is a key consideration. For lithium iron phosphate batteries the nominal voltage is commonly 3,2 V, with end-of-charge and end-of-discharge voltage at ±0,5 V of the nominal value, i.e. 3,7 V and... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.3.1 Cell types | The nickel based NiMH and NiZn batteries exist in hard case cylindrical and prismatic cells and can work in valve regulated type as VRLA in the case of lead acid batteries. For NiZn, it is possible to remove the valve and exceptionally refill them with demineralized water to increase their life time. In terms of the ma... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.3.2 Characteristics of NiMH or NiZn battery cells | The NiMH and NiZn cells and batteries have the following main characteristics: • Higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density than lead-acid or NiCd sufficient for stationary telecom applications, relatively lower voltage than non-aqueous technologies (< 2 V). • Very safe solution with no highly reactive or toxic m... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.3.3 Nominal voltage and voltage range of Nickel based battery cells | Table 2 gives the nominal voltage of nickel based batteries in industrial production and examples of battery configurations adapted to -48 V ETSI voltage range defined in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [i.11]. The voltage range corresponds to cells adapted for 1 hour discharge time. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-2 V1.1.1 (2021-11) 18 Table ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.4 Typical configuration of a battery system | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.4.1 General configuration of a battery system | The basic structure of the battery system for a stationary telecom/ICT application with cells management uses a battery management system as shown in the example in Figure 2. The power source feeds energy to load and to charge the battery. The battery can also feed power when discharging and when the power source is no... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 5.4.2 Battery Management System and Unit (BMS/BMU) | Regarding the BMS (sometimes called BMU) functions, in general global charge and discharge management is required for safe operation and maintenance in order to avoid over or under charge, by controlling voltage and current and temperature. Time control is also used in different charging modes when required (e.g. to av... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 6 Technology evaluation and tests | The evaluation methods and tests of batteries to be carried out shall be defined based on the ETSI TS 103 553-1 [1] method chart for preselection of battery products and tests for some defined applications. The approach is specified in the following steps: • Step 1: Define the user specifications i.e. based on Table 3,... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.1 Initial considerations | For each test described in the following clauses, there should be a description of the initial condition, the laboratory test procedure and result reporting as defined in ISO/IEC 17025 [i.5]. The complementary evaluation of a battery technology proposed in the present document can be applied when evaluating the followi... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.3 Typical battery and voltage configurations | The battery unit voltage and current range for use in charge and discharge shall be clearly specified by the vendor in order to make tests. Typical configurations of cell number should be defined for each of the considered technologies. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-2 V1.1.1 (2021-11) 25 For example, in the case of LFP lithium ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.4 Environmental and electrical characteristics measurement | The following electrical measurement applies at laboratory temperatures between 20 and 25 °C, unless otherwise specified. When the battery technology uses a BMS/BMU, the target is to validate BMS/BMU accuracy but also battery behaviour by laboratory instrumentation when it is possible to make connections to the cells. ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.5 Uniformity of battery cells voltage in open circuit | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.5.0 General | The uniformity of open cell voltages in the battery module or battery pack should be checked as it reflects State of Health (SoH) and equalized State of Charge (SoC) of the battery system before other testing. Cell voltage uniformity test should be done after more than 24 hours. When cells terminals are not accessible ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.5.1 LFP | In open-circuit voltage, when the battery is fully charged, the cell voltage difference between the maximum and minimum values should be less than 50 mV. Gap between cell voltage minimum and average value should not exceed 1 % of average value. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-2 V1.1.1 (2021-11) 26 |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.5.2 NiZn | When the battery is in open circuit at full charge, after one hour, the voltage difference between cells should be in the range of ±10 mV. |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6 Charge and discharge tests and results | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.1 Introduction | Charge and discharge shall follow known values defined by the manufacturer to obtain safe and reproducible operation. The efficiency of charging and discharging cycle will also be calculated as it is an important performance indicator reflecting losses in the cell and risk of thermal issues. |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.2 Discharging capacity requirement | The discharge tests should be done at different temperatures and at different constant current discharge rates depending on the application to evaluate. The battery system shall be in fully charged state obtained following the charging method defined by the manufacturer and agreed by the user for the application. The b... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.3 Cumulative discharging energy requirement | The cumulative discharging energy in the whole cycle life should be no less than a defined energy under the given conditions of discharging current, DoD, temperature and EoL capacity (e.g. 70 % of initial value at a defined discharge rate). For example, 10 000 kWh cumulative discharging energy can be achievable for a 1... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.4 Charge/discharge tests | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.4.1 LFP | The recharge can be completed in following steps: • Constant current charge up to a voltage limit. • Constant voltage charge completion at that voltage limit for limited time or down to a low current threshold value. • Constant voltage floating charge if acceptable for the considered battery module under test. The batt... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.6.4.2 NiZn | The recharge can be completed in following steps: • constant current charge up to a voltage limit constant voltage charge completion at that voltage limit for a limited time or down to a low current threshold value; • constant voltage floating charge if acceptable for the considered battery module under test. Battery c... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.7 Cycling test and results | The battery should be tested at different rates of charge and discharge current at different temperatures. There are settings to avoid undercharge and overcharge. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-2 V1.1.1 (2021-11) 28 NOTE 1: For LFP it is observed that when end of recharge voltage is too high or end of discharge voltage is too lo... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.8 Back-up test | The back-up test is equivalent to a cycling test but with a long rest time at full charge level between charge and discharge. It can be made at different temperatures and at different constant current discharge rates depending on different applications. When in rest time, the battery shall be in fully charged state obt... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.9 Self discharge or charge retention test | Self-discharge tests are more important, if the technology is known to have fast self-discharge and it may cause over discharge which reduces lifetime as it can occur during a long storage period. In general, high temperature increases the self-discharge, so it is recommended to start with high temperature when require... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10 Stress tests, protection and alarm | |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.1 Introduction to safety and accelerated ageing risks | Battery technologies can show very different behaviour when faults or abuse situations occur. It is important to check these risks and the efficiency of protections. Nickel based battery risks are as follows: • Internal and external short circuit creating overheating and possible metal melting and projection. The risk ... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.2 Overcharge protection | When the lithium battery is put in the overcharge state e.g. by over voltage, the BMS (or BMU) shall detect it and the internal charging circuit shall be cut-off inside the battery system. In the case of failure of the BMS (or BMU) protection, an ultimate protection shall operate at least based on overheating of cells. |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.3 Over-discharge protection | When the lithium battery voltage reaches the termination voltage limit, the BMS (or BMU) should be able to disconnect the battery system. |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.4 Short-circuit protection | When a short-circuit happens on battery outputs, the battery circuit shall be disconnected immediately from the short circuit by an appropriate primary protective device in the battery system and the BMS/BMU shall limit and reduce circuit current to avoid the risk battery fire. Moreover, an ultimate independent protect... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.5 Overload protection | When battery discharge current is higher than the defined overload current limit, the battery system shall be disconnected from the load. In the case of failure of the previous protection, a second ultimate protection shall operate at least based on overheating of cells. |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.10.6 Over temperature protection | When the value of a measurement point of the cells temperature gets higher than the over temperature protection value or lower than low temperature protection value shown in Table 5, the battery pack shall be cut off from the circuit. If temperature returns the in the normal state, it should be automatically recovered.... |
6fe5939738939a1aa6c0db3e5ea25ae3 | 103 553-2 | 7.11 BMS/BMU requirements | Parameters such as battery capacity, SoC, voltage, temperature, charging and discharging current, internal resistance (optional), SoH (optional) and cumulative discharging energy should be locally and remotely monitored by BMS/BMU as defined in clause 7.4. The main parameters which should be remotely monitored are the ... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 1 Scope | The present document identifies the main needs and applications of stationary electrical energy storage for ICT sites such as back-up on different grid quality and cyclic use of renewable energy systems. It also provides possible selection criteria for the correct choice for the end system. The topics considered are: •... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 2 References | |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: -48 VDC: -48 Volt Direct Current voltage range NOTE: As standardized in Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 [i.28]. 400 VDC: up to 400 Volt Direct Current voltage range NOTE: As standardized in ETSI EN 300 132-3-1 [i.2]. back-up energy storage: energy storage... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: A (interface) name of ICT/Telecom equipment -48 VDC power interface in ETSI EN 300 132-2 [1] P power feeding interface of up to 400 VDC defined in ETSI EN 300 132-3-1 [i.2] |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternative Current AGM Absorbent Glass Material Ah Ampere hour ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-1 V1.1.1 (2019-08) 11 BMS Balancing Monitoring System CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage CAPEX Capital Expenditure CO Central Office CPE Customer Premises ... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 4.1 Overview | This clause explains different use case of stationary batteries for ICT applications. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-1 V1.1.1 (2019-08) 12 |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 4.2 Short disturbance and dips filtering | A short autonomy can be added to cover short electrical supply interruptions, disturbances or dips, which is requiring a high power discharge rate energy storage. In general it is made with batteries or super-capacitors. The rationale of this requirement for access network on good electric grid are provided in annex C.... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 4.6 M2M and IoT devices power supply | A part of the stationary M2M and IoT device is not connected to public AC grid or local DC power network and consumes too much to use primary batteries. In this case standalone energy (e.g. solar cells) associated with super- capacitors or rechargeable batteries in general of Lithium-ion or Nickel based type can be use... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 4.7 Voltage interface of energy storage solutions | Energy storage solutions for use in ICT Direct Current installation described in clause 4 shall have a voltage range interface adapted feed power interface at input of stationary ICT equipment compliant with interface A (-48 V) [1] or interface P (up to 400 VDC) [i.2], or input for stationary CPE defined in [2] e.g. 12... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 5 Evolution of energy storage | Energy storages are covered by many technologies using different disciplines in their development for best performance to suit their end applications as presented in Figure 5-1. This drawing gives only a rough idea of the range of performances. Not all the energy storage technologies are relevant for the ICT sector. In... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 6.1 Overview | This clause presents a method for multi-criteria selection of energy storage technology and products solutions adapted to a use case and which evaluation and tests are required as suggested and applied in [i.19]. 6.2 Selection method based on general criteria and complementary tests In general a methodical approach sho... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 7 Test methods | |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 7.1 General introduction | There is a need for simple, effective and sufficiently precise test methods that provide results in a reasonable time frame, and complement methods described in existing standards [i.27] if these standards do not cover the full range of the tests. Examples of these standards are [i.12] for lead-acid batteries, [i.10], ... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 7.2 Test flowchart | The detailed test flowchart of Figure 7.2-1 should be followed in order to obtain repetitive results, allow observation and interpretation in order to determine the way forward and to define further tests or product improvements or changes. ETSI ETSI TS 103 553-1 V1.1.1 (2019-08) 19 Figure 7.2-1: Flow chart of testing ... |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 7.3 Additional considerations | |
4def947a532eca93a92b24ea8c05e180 | 103 553-1 | 7.3.1 Physical tests | The Evolution of weight (e.g. due to loss of water for non-Lithium battery) and the mechanical stability of casing are very important parameters to monitor in detail for energy storage device in particular in cycling use and extreme temperature use or temperature gradients. 7.3.2 Cycling tests and complexity of voltage... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 1 Scope | The present document describes the standardized method to carry TPEG services over Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB). |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 2 References | |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: MSC data group: package of data used for one user application in the Main Service Channel TPEG transport frame: data-structure implementing the TPEG service in the TPEG binary representation ETSI ETSI TS 103 551 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 6 |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting DSCTy Data Service Component Type EBU European Broadcasting Union FEC Forward Error Correction FIG Fast Information Group MSC Main Service Channel TDC Transparent Data Channel TPEG Tra... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 4 Introduction | TPEG permits a wide range of data to be formatted and packaged to make it transportable and decodable by suitably equipped receivers. TPEG is designed to be bearer independent and so may be delivered as a simple stream of bytes. The present document describes the standard method to transport a TPEG byte stream over DAB... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 5 Transport of TPEG services | |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 5.1 Transport method | TPEG transport frames (see ISO/TS 21219-5 [4]) shall be carried in MSC data groups. The MSC data groups shall be transported using the TDC in a packet mode service component with data groups, as specified in ETSI TS 101 759 [3], clause 4.1.2. An MSC data group shall carry one or more complete TPEG transport frames. Eve... |
808f70e3a1c1ce6d2ef65176aed63831 | 103 551 | 5.2 Decoder issues | TPEG receiver implementations shall support FEC for packet mode sub-channels. MSC data groups carry complete TPEG transport frames and may include padding bytes with value 0 at the end. Assembly of data groups should proceed as follows: Data groups should be assembled exclusively from error-free packet data, extracted ... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 1 Scope | The present document specifies the set of SAREF reference ontology patterns [2] for the modelling and the description of any kind of applications-related data/information/systems. The SAREF reference ontology patterns can be applied to different verticals to provide the SAREF suite of ontologies [1] a homogeneous and p... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 2 References | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 3.1 Terms | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization, used to explicitly capture the semantics of a certain reality ontology design pattern: reusable solutions intended to simplify ontology development and support the use of semantic technologies by ... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: RN Wire 'R' (phase R) to wire 'N' (Neutral) SN Wire 'S' (phase S) to wire 'N' (Neutral) TN Wire 'T' (phase T) to wire 'N' (Neutral) |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: DL Description Logics DP Datatype Property DUL DOLCE+DnS Ultralite ontology HTPMP Heat Pump IoT Internet of Things ETSI ETSI TS 103 548 V1.2.1 (2024-01) 9 IRI Internationalized Resource Identifier OGC Open Geospatial Consortium OP Object Prope... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 4 Introduction | 4.1 Definition and Purpose of the SAREF Reference Ontology Patterns SAREF V3.2.1 [1] is a reference ontology for the IoT developed by ETSI SmartM2M in close interaction with the industry. SAREF contains core concepts that are common to several IoT domains and, to be able to handle specific data elements for a certain d... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 4.2 Namespaces | For the purposes of the present document, the namespaces from Table 1 of ETSI TS 103 264 [1], apply, along with those listed in Table 1. Table 1: Prefixes and namespaces used in the present document Prefix Namespace s4syst https://saref.etsi.org/saref4syst/ ex https://example.org/ <solely for the purpose of examples> |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5 SAREF Core Patterns | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.1 Introduction | The following patterns are related to the SAREF core ontology and deal with the application of classes and properties from that ontology that frequently appear when developing IoT applications. The relevant namespaces and ontological definition are those of the SAREF core ontology [1] and defined in Table 1. These patt... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2 SAREF pattern for features | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.1 Introduction | Class saref:FeatureOfInterest represents any real world entity from which a property or a state may be acted upon, such as observed and controlled. An instance of saref:FeatureOfInterest represents one specific real world entity. Class saref:FeatureKind allows to describe kinds of features of interest, with common prop... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.2 Feature kinds | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.2.1 Creating feature kinds | SAREF extensions should create instances of the class saref:FeatureKind, such that they can be reused in different SAREF applications. SAREF applications may also create specific instances of the class saref:FeatureKind. The identifier and the label of an instance of feature kind should not contain "feature". Its comme... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.2.2 Specializing feature kinds | SAREF extensions may define a taxonomy of feature kinds using skos:broader and skos:narrower. The identifier, the label, and the comment of an instance of saref:FeatureKind should explicit its position in the taxonomy of feature kinds. EXAMPLE: ex:1000x2000mmSmartWindow is a specialization of ex:1000x2000mmWindow. ex:1... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.2.3 Categorizing feature kinds | SAREF extensions and applications may define categories of feature kinds by creating sub-classes of saref:FeatureKind. NOTE: Defining categories of features kinds is especially useful to group those feature kinds that are defined in the same taxonomy. The identifier, the label and the comment of a sub-class of saref:Fe... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.3 Features of interest | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.3.1 Creating features of interest | SAREF extensions should not create specific instances of the class saref:FeatureOfInterest, as they are theoretically specific to an application. NOTE: The only exceptions to this provision are if the feature of interest is intended to be used by most applications of the SAREF extension. The identifier and the label of... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.3.2 Categorizing features of interest | SAREF extensions and applications may define categories of features of interest by creating sub-classes of saref:FeatureOfInterest. NOTE: Defining a category of features of interest is especially useful for multi-typing, or to be able to use it as the domain or range of some relationship to other entities, captured as ... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.4 Feature kind vs category of features of interest | SAREF extensions can model a category of features of interest either as an instance of saref:FeatureKind or as a sub-class of saref:FeatureOfInterest. The modelling choice depends on the knowledge representation needs: • Use an instance of saref:FeatureKind to simply attach properties and optionally their values, state... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.2.5 Specializing OPs and DPs related to features | SAREF extensions and applications shall not define sub-properties of the following properties: • skos:narrower • skos:broader • saref:hasManufacturer • saref:hasModel There shall be a unique sub-property of saref:hasFeatureKind, with identifier saref:hasDeviceKind. |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3 SAREF pattern for devices | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3.1 Introduction | Class saref:Device represents any tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task by performing one or more functions. An instance of saref:Device represents one specific real world entity. The pattern for devices follows the pattern for feature kinds and features of interest from clause 5.2. Figure 2 illustra... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3.2 Creating devices | SAREF extensions should not create specific instances of the class saref:Device, as they are theoretically specific to an application. |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3.3 Categorizing devices | SAREF extensions and applications may define categories of devices by creating sub-classes of saref:Device. NOTE: Defining a category of devices is especially useful for multi-typing, or to be able to use it as the domain or range of some relationship to other entities, captured as OPs in the extension. EXAMPLE 1: s4wa... |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3.4 Feature kind vs category of device | SAREF extensions can model a category of devices either as an instance of saref:FeatureKind or as a sub-class of saref:Device. The modelling choice depends on the knowledge representation needs, as defined in clause 5.2.4. |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.3.5 Specializing OPs and DPs related to devices | SAREF extensions and applications shall not define sub-properties of the following properties: • saref:hasDeviceKind • saref:actsUpon • saref:isActedUponBy • saref:observes • saref:isObservedBy • saref:controls • saref:isControlledBy |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.4 SAREF pattern for tasks | |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.4.1 Introduction | Tasks are defined as goals for which a device is designed (from a user perspective). Figure 3 illustrates the main classes and properties in the SAREF Core patterns for Tasks. Figure 3: SAREF Core pattern for Tasks |
2c54959eca6295ae8d7bf6b30e18b432 | 103 548 | 5.4.2 Creating tasks | SAREF extensions should reuse or create specific instances of the class saref:Task. The identifier and the label of an instance of task should start with a capital letter and should not contain "Task". The comment may mention "task". EXAMPLE: ex:Lighting a saref:Task ; rdfs:label "Lighting"@en ; rdfs:comment "The task ... |
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