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7 Modulation and Error Control
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7.1 PPDU Formation
The PPDU is formed from the following process described in Figure 3. The dashed boxes represent optional support. BCH Parity Bits Packet Length Header Parity Bits: 15 14 4 PHY Scheme 4 Reserved 3 ETSI ETSI TS 103 326 V1.2.1 (2021-07) 9 Figure 3: Transmitter Physical Layer Chain
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7.2 Modulation
The modulation is Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) with a time-bandwidth product (BT) BT = 0,5, and modulation index h = 0,5. A symbol rate, Tsym, of 1 MSymbols/s shall be supported in both Control and Data Channels. Table 3 shows the possible information rate according to the combination of symbol rate, code rat...
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7.3 Repetition and FEC
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7.3.1 Repetition
The hubs and nodes may implement repetition coding to reduce errors if required. Should repetition coding be implemented, this should be indicated in the PHY Scheme field in clause 6.1.3.4. Two repetition schemes should be supported, 2-repetition, repeating the entire PPDU 2 times, and 4-repetition, repeating the entir...
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7.3.2 BCH (127, 113, t = 2) Encoding
For error correction control of MPDU, a systematic BCH (127, 113 , t = 2) code may be employed. t indicates the maximum number of bits that can be corrected. The generator polynomial of the BCH (127, 113, t = 2) code is: g(x) = x14 + x9 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x4 + x2 + x +1. (3) The encoding process is as follows: 1) Calcula...
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7.3.3 BCH (36, 22, t=2) Encoding
For error correction control of the Packet Length, PHY Scheme, and Reserved fields of the PLCP header, a systematic BCH (36, 22, t = 2) code should be employed. The BCH code is a shortened code derived from the primitive BCH (127, 113, t = 2) described in clause 7.3.2. The encoding process is as follows: 1) Set Npaddin...
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7.4 Scrambling
A data scrambler may be supported when necessary. The scrambling sequence is generated by the scrambling polynomial is 1 + x14 + x15, with an initial state of 000100100001010. The output of the data scrambler is: x[n] = x[n-14]⊕x[n-15] (5) 2-repetition 4-repetition PPDU PPDU PPDU PPDU PPDU PPDU PPDU PPDU ETSI ETSI TS 1...
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8 Other Requirements
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8.1 Packet Length
In this clause, the maximum permitted length of PPDUs and MPDUs are calculated. Figure 6: Channel Access Slot Structure Each time slot is partitioned into 2 transmission phases (TTX and TACK) and 2 or more transition phases. The time allocated to the initial transmission phase is dependent on several factors: • Time fo...
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8.2 CCA
The PHY should provide the capability to perform Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) in devices which support the Multi-use Access Channel Access mode according to at least one of the following three methods: 1) CCA Mode 1: Energy above the threshold. CCA should report a busy medium upon detecting any energy above the Energ...
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1 Scope
The present document provides the Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) pro forma for Conformance test specifications for Smart Appliances testing as defined in ETSI TS 103 268-1 [6] and ETSI TS 118 115 [8] in compliance with the relevant requirements and in accordance with the relevant guidance given in...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ETSI TS 103 268-1 [6], ISO/IEC 9646-1 [9] and ISO/IEC 9646-7 [7] apply.
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI TS 103 268-1 [6], ETSI TS 103 264 [1], ETSI TS 118 112 [5] and the following apply: API Application Programming Interface EUT Equipment Under Test IFS Interoperable Features Statement IUT Implementation Under Test IWF InterWorking Function PICS P...
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4 Conformance requirement concerning PICS
If it claims to conform to the present document, the actual PICS pro forma to be filled in by a supplier shall be technically equivalent to the text of the PICS pro forma given in annex A, and shall preserve the numbering, naming and ordering of the pro forma items. An ICS which conforms to the present document shall b...
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1 Scope
The present document defines the interface to a modulator for a second generation cable television system (DVB-C2). This document also describes a mechanism to distribute DVB-C2 modulated signals in the backbone distribution segment of cable networks in a cost effective way.
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI EN 302 769: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital transmission system for cable systems (DVB-C2)". [2] ETSI EN 301 192: "Digital Video Broadca...
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2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] EN 50083-9: "Cabled distribution systems for television, sound and interactive multimedia signals; Part 9: Interfaces for CATV/SMATV headends and simi...
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3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: broadband notch: set of adjacent OFDM Cells within each OFDM Symbol without transmitted energy, as defined in EN 302 769 [1] C2 frame: fixed physical layer TDM frame that is further divided into variable size Data Slices NOTE: C2 Frame...
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: 123 A number without prefix denotes a decimal integer (base 10) 0x123 A number with a "0x" prefix denotes a hexadecimal integer (base 16) (1010)2 A number enclosed in parentheses, and with a number suffix denotes an integer to the base indicated by ...
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 1 024-QAM 1 024-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16-QAM 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 256-QAM 256-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 4 096-QAM 4 096- ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64-QAM 64-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulatio...
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4 Overview
4.1 The DVB-C2 Mod Figure 1: DVB-C2 modulator bloc The concept of the DVB-C2 Modulator Inter Frame Builder of a DVB-C2 modulator and t (TDM) structure. The location of the DVB-C Figure 1. The C2-MI concept accordingly provides an majority of the technical complexity, and an The "server" part of a C2-MI compliant DVB si...
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5 Framing structure
The DVB-C2 Modulator Interface TDM structure represents the DVB-C2 framing structure. The payload of all symbols of a frame is transmitted in a time division multiplexing scheme.
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5.1 Symbol related TDM structure
The TDM structure, which carries the payload data of a DVB-C2 symbol, is structured as shown is table 1. Table 1: TDM structure for the transport of the payload data of a DVB-Cs symbol via the DVB-C2 modulator interface C2-MI Packet CRC Horizontal Sync field payload-fields CRC Horizontal Sync field First payload field ...
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5.2 Frame related TDM structure
A DVB-C2 frame consists of one or multiple preamble symbols followed by 448 payload symbols. For the frame related TDM structure the symbol related TDM as discussed in clause 5.1, is applied accordingly. This configuration is shown in Figure 4. As the modulation scheme may vary per PLP and over time, this configuration...
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6 Signalling in the symbol header
The horizontal structure will start with a Sync/CRC field, as already mentioned in clause 3. As the payload of the framing structure is the sequence of the modulation parameters of all subcarriers, this payload will vary significantly with the choice of the modulation scheme. Each horizontal framing element will start ...
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8 Transport of C2-MI packets
The structure of the C2-MI protocol stack described in clause 4.2 allows three mechanisms for distribution; one for traditional ASI interfaces, the two mechanisms for IP based networks. The first two mechanisms rely on first inserting the C2-MI packets into DVB/MPEG-2 TS packets which can then be interfaced to a distri...
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8.1 Encapsulation of C2-MI packets in MPEG-2 TS
The insertion of C2-MI packets into MPEG-2 TS packets shall be in accordance with EN 301 192 [2], clause 4, "Data Piping". This mechanism allows for the insertion of data directly into the payload of MPEG-2 TS packets with the minimum of additional overhead. ETSI ETSI TS 103 287 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 18
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8.1.1 Description
The C2-MI packets are inserted, one after another, into the payload of MPEG-2 TS packets. Each new C2-MI packet shall start immediately following the previous one. A TS packet may contain more than one C2-MI packet. C2-MI packets that are too big to fit into the payload of a single TS packet shall be split across multi...
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8.2 Encapsulation of MPEG-2 TS in IP packets
A DVB-C2 modulator may support the transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP. In case the DVB-C2 modulator supports IP-based delivery, the transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP shall follow the specification in this clause. The transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP relies on the methods specified in TS 102 034 [3]. This clause specifies a prot...
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8.2.1 Setup Information
For delivering FEC-protected, multicast MPEG-2 Transport Streams over RTP using the protocols in TS 102 034 [3], the following setup information should be provided according to [3], clause 5.2.6.2, table 4: • IPMulticastAddress: - IPMulticastAddress@Source: Optionally the IP unicast address of the source of the TS may ...
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8.2.2 Transport protocols
Where the MPEG-2 TS is transported over IP, the MPEG-2 TS shall be encapsulated in RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) according to RFC 3550 [4] as specified in TS 102 034 [3], clause 7.1.1. RTCP sender reports and receiver reports shall not be used. FEC protection of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream may be provided accordin...
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8.2.3 Session initiation and control
Session initiation is outside the scope of the specification. The session initiation and control for the multicast distribution according to TS 102 034 [3], clause 7.3.1 may be used.
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8.2.4 Network requirements
The network requirements for the multicast distribution shall be in accordance with TS 102 034 [3], clause 7.2. In case application layer FEC is applied, the network requirements may be relaxed. For configuration examples of application layer FEC for different network characteristics, refer to DVB bluebook A115 [i.2]. ...
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1 Scope
The present document specifies the SM cabling system for multiformat and multiservices optical home area network (HAN) for interoperability among different suppliers. The system comprises of the active optical elements, the cables, connectors and wall plugs.
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in Recommendation ITU-T G.671 [16] and the following apply: distribution point: point that allows the connection of the outdoor cable (feeder and/or drop) to the indoor (in-house or building) cable drop cable: individual cable which links up the distribution poi...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: APC Angled Physical Contact BCT Broadcast and Communications Technology BIDI BIDIrectional BO Broadcast Outlet BOL Begin-Of-Life CATV CAble TV CCCB Commands, Controls and Communications in Buildings CPE Customer Premises Equipment CWDM Coarse ...
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4 HAN architecture evolution
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4.1 Introduction
HAN includes active and passive networks deployed at the customer's site (apartment or building) between the Home Distributor (HD) and the end-user devices (TV set, STB, PC, IP phone, IP video camera, IoT end-point, Wireless points, etc.). The HAN cabling system is defined according to CENELEC EN 50173-4 [47]. The Home...
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4.2 HAN architectures
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4.2.1 Different architecture
Today, the HAN architecture is a single format active star network dedicated to services based on Ethernet or IP technology. Two other multiformat architectures, taking into account additional types of signals encountered in the home, are described in the present document: the first one, a mid-term approach, is based o...
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4.2.2 Single format HAN
Most home networks are presently based on a single format active star. A Home Gateway typically placed at the apartment entrance, where the external access network is terminated with the ENTI (External Network Testing Interface), acts as a central switch, being the node of an active star. Customer's premises are connec...
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4.2.3 Multi format HAN
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4.2.3.1 A mid-term architecture: the Multiformat Active Star
Only a multiformat Home Area Network, able to deliver several types of signals, makes possible the convergence of all services on a unique physical infrastructure. The first proposed solution, a mid-term solution, is based on a multiformat active star topology. In this configuration shown in figure 4, all types of sign...
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4.2.3.2 A longer-term architecture: the Multiformat Passive Star
The previously described solution, the multiformat active star, which has been widely demonstrated, is close to an industrial development. However, it could be only the first step as capacity and multiplexing possibilities remain limited on point-to-point links. Actually, the active central node, being not transparent,...
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5 HAN performances
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5.1 HAN optical power budget
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5.1.1 Introduction
Optical power budget is related to the requirements of the transmission systems, i.e. optical transmitters and detectors as well as of the passive optical network components, i.e. fibres, cables, splices and connectors used.
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5.1.2 Transmission system requirements
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5.1.2.1 Assumptions
Two multiformat architectures have been described in clause 4.2.3: the active star, centred on a multiformat switch, and the passive CWDM star, centred on a passive N × N optical splitter. Figure 11 and figure 12 show possible implementations for these two architectures. This clause proposes to set the elements to calc...
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5.1.2.2 Active star architecture.
In this case, only Point-to-point links between the ports of the multiformat switch and the extenders located in the different rooms are considered. As shown at figure 11, optical patch cords may be used at the home distributor side to connect the ports of the switch to the fiber installed in the walls, the same soluti...
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5.1.2.3 CWDM passive star architecture
Figure 12 shows a possible implementation of a CWDM passive star architecture. With the same remarks as in clause 5.1.2.1 the permanent link is considered to include now: • The P2P link corresponding to the uplink between an extender and the N × N splitter, including one CFMT connection, which is now considered as an i...
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5.1.3 Attenuation requirements for passive optical network
Optical fibre attenuation requirements are well defined in CENELEC EN 60793-2-50 [5] (see clause 6.1) for fibre types used in passive optical network cabling as specified for the applications. These requirements are different from those specified for cabled fibre. The requirements for the applications according to the ...
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5.1.4 Optical budget deterioration
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5.1.4.1 Definitions of requirements
International standardization defines requirements for transmission values such as attenuation and return loss. These requirements have different understanding depending on standardization body. IEC as component standardization body considers these values as BOL (Begin-Of-Life) while the system standardization body ITU...
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5.1.4.2 BOL (Begin-Of-Life)
The international standardization documents give specific values that can be met during and after exposure to environmental perturbations at BOL (Begin-Of-Life).
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5.1.4.3 EOL (End-Of-Life)
System designers and network carriers prefer to have in the passive optical components specification a single value that is met under all conditions without additional margin for environmental effects or aging over its total lifetime and is called EOL (End-Of-Life) characteristics.
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6 Home area network cabling
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6.1 Introduction
HAN cabling depends on optical network architecture and topology. Generally the network cabling can be distinguished according to its functionality such as: • Cables for IT services. • Cables for P2P applications. • Cables for P2MP applications. • Cables for satellite and terrestrial TV services. • Cables for work area...
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6.2 Optical fibre
Optical fibre as transmission media in the homes is a singlemode fibre according to CENELEC EN 60793-2-50 [5] category B1.1, B1.3 or B6 (Recommendation ITU-T G.652 [45] or Recommendation ITU-T G.657 [44]). Preferably singlemode fibre according to CENELEC EN 60793-2-50 [5] category B6 (Recommendation ITU-T G.657 [44]), ...
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6.3 Cables
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6.3.1 Generalities
The cables shall be according to CENELEC EN 60794-2 [22] and include 1 fibre to 4 fibres. It is recommended to use cables with at least two fibres. The cable design shall allow an easy access to the fibres. If required in the installation, the cable shall be terminated with connectors using fusion or mechanical splicin...
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6.3.2 Dimensional requirement
The dimensional requirement for the cables is defined in table 10. Table 10 Sheath Unit requirement Nominal diameter mm up to 5
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6.3.3 Mechanical requirements
The mechanical requirements for the cables are defined in table 11. Table 11 Standard Unit Severity Tensile load CENELEC EN 60794-1-21 [24], E1 N 100 Crush CENELEC EN 60794-1-21 [24], E3 N 400 Kink CENELEC EN 60794-1-21 [24], E10 mm d = 10 x cable diameter Bend CENELEC EN 60794-1-21 [24], E11 mm Mandrel ∅ = 60
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6.3.4 Environmental requirements
The environmental requirements for the cables are defined in table 12. Table 12 Standard Unit Severity Temperature behaviour CENELEC EN 60794-1-22 [24], F1 ° C -10 to +60
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6.4 Optical connector
The mechanical interface of the Singlemode fibre optic connector hardware shall be in accordance with one of the following optical connector types: • CENELEC EN 61754-20 [27]: LC type optical connector (recommended). • CENELEC EN 61754-4 [28]: SC type optical connector. • CENELEC EN 61754-29 [29]: BLINK type optical co...
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6.5 Optical non-wavelength-selective splitter
The optical splitter used in HAN shall be non-connectorized single-mode 1 × N and 2 × N non-wavelength- selective power splitter for Category C - Controlled environment according to CENELEC EN 60875-1 [7] and CENELEC EN 61753-031-2 [8] as well as according to Recommendation ITU G.671 [16] for optical branching componen...
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6.6 Optical WDM (Wavelength-Division-Multiplexer)
The optical splitter used in HAN shall be non-connectorized single-mode WDM devices for Category C - Controlled environment according to CENELEC EN 62074-1 [9] as well as according to ETSI TS 101 791 [4] (DWDM devices).
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7 Reliability
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7.1 Reliability of active devices
The MTBF of the active devices in the home network shall be 5 years. This shall be demonstrated by design requirements and testing results.
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7.2 Reliability of passive components
The reliability of passive components such as fibres, cables and passive components shall be demonstrated by materials used, design requirements and testing results. ETSI ETSI TS 103 247 V1.2.1 (2018-11) 27
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8 Installation
Optical fibre cables used in home network are designed so that normal installation practices and equipment can be used wherever possible. They do, however, generally have a strain limit rather lower than metallic conductor cables and, in some circumstances, special care and arrangements are needed to ensure successful ...
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9 Energy efficiency
In terms of energy efficiency, the directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 [42] is taken into account. Ultimately SM transceivers are integrated in the user equipment's thus reducing the number of power supplies hence the overall electrical consumption. An alternative to th...
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1 Scope
The present document defines a framework for Smart Applications communication based on oneM2M specifications. It also provides adjustments as required by the interested stakeholders. The present document includes: • An introduction to the oneM2M framework and its relation with the ETSI M2M one. • The specification of t...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 118 111 [2] and the following apply. NOTE: A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in ETSI TS 118 111 [2]. smart applications: any application in an IoT system making use of the SAREF as sp...
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3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: IoT Internet of Things 4 Smart Applications communication functionality and protocols
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4.1 Introduction
The oneM2M specifications define a framework for the communication and sharing of information. The major paradigm can be referred to as "store & share". De facto any object and information is mapped to resources that can be shared, discovered and accessed via a resource oriented architecture and its related protocols. ...
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4.2 Smart Applications Communication Framework
The Communication Framework for Smart Applications shall comply with the following specifications: NOTE: For oneM2M specifications for which the transposition process by ETSI is still ongoing at the date of the present document, only the oneM2M number is provided. • ETSI TS 118 111 (oneM2M TS-0011) [2]. • ETSI TS 118 1...
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1 Scope
The present document defines the requirements for data elements that may need to be exchanged within the GBLS and externally to applications using the GBLS. The present document also specifies data exchange models for these data elements which may form the basis of protocols (or for modification of protocols) and which...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TS 103 246-1 [1] and ETSI TS 103 246-2 [2] apply.
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3.2 Symbols
Void.