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8789abb2c1e018137f99c7c5f13445c3 | 103 235 | 5.6.5 LC Request for new LSRAI with optional LR Notification | This procedure flow is used when the LC requests the LR to send it new LSRAI. Optionally, the procedure flow enables the LR to receive an acknowledgement from the LC upon reception of the new LSRAI. The acknowledgement may allow informing the Incumbent that the LSA Licensee has received the new LSRAI (e.g. changed prot... |
8789abb2c1e018137f99c7c5f13445c3 | 103 235 | 6 LSA Failure Management | Failures may originate due to hardware or software problems at the LC, LR or LSA1 interface. The LSA failure management provides respective functions to guarantee the Incumbent and the LSA Licensee protections even in case that LC, LR, or LSA1 interface is out of operation. Failures may occur either during the LSA syst... |
8789abb2c1e018137f99c7c5f13445c3 | 103 235 | 7 LSA Deployment Scenario Rules | LSA deployments may comprise multiple physical LSA Repositories and/or LSA Controllers (motivated by practical requirements such as extended reliability concepts, private repositories at Incumbents side, or performance extensions). A general rule set is defined for the LSA system to limit the complexity in LSA deployme... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 1 Scope | The quality of background noise transmission is an important factor, which significantly contributes to the perceived overall quality of speech. Terminals, networks, and system configurations including wideband, super-wideband, and fullband speech services can be greatly improved with a proper design of terminals and s... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 2 References | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 3.1 Terms | Void. |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 3.2 Symbols | For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: c Sound velocity C Matrix of FFT coefficients of Compensation Filters H Matrix of FFT coefficients of Impulse Responses |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 3.3 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: DRP Drum Reference Point DUT Device Under Test EEP Ear canal Entrance Point FFT Fast Fourier Transform HATS Head And Torso Simulator IR Impulse Response LFE Low-Frequency Extension MLS Maximum Length Sequence MOS Mean Opinion Score SNR Signal ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 4 Methods for realistic sound reproduction | For reproduction of real world sound fields there exists a variety of different methods, two of them are wave field synthesis [i.1] and Ambisonics [i.2]. Both methods, however, require a large number of microphones and loudspeakers to achieve a sound field reproduction which is sufficiently good for testing purposes. T... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5 Recording arrangement | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.0 General | The sound field recording technique (Multi-point sound field recording technique) is based on optimization of the sound field reproduction at different points in space. The optimization criterion is based on minimization of the reproduction error at each microphone position. Based on this principle the microphone locat... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.1 Microphone array setup | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.1.1 Principle limitations | With a perfect sound field reproduction at two closely spaced points, the cut-off frequency up to which the sound field in between those two points is also correctly reproduced depends on their distance. This upper cut-off frequency can be estimated as: (1) where dmax is the maximum distance between two microphones and... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.1.2 Microphone calibration | In order to yield an accurate sound field reproduction at the defined positions, the microphone array for recording of the real sound field and the microphone array for equalization and calibration of the reproduction setup have to match. In detail, the frequency/phase response and the directional sensitivity of the co... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.3 Microphone array setup for hands-free terminals | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.3.1 Overview | In general, different microphone arrays could be used for hands-free terminals as well as for handsets and headsets. However, to increase reusability and reduce efforts, the same microphone array can be used in both cases. The setup of the array for measuring hands-free terminals is shown in Figure 2. For the hands-fre... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.3.2 Handheld setup | In the setup for hand-held and tablet terminals, the microphone array is positioned such that microphone 5 is in top view right-angled in front of the main microphone position in 25 mm distance (Figure 2, right) and microphone 6 is at the height of the main microphone position (Figure 2, left). Figure 2: Positions of t... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.3.3 Desktop setup | For desktop operated hands-free terminals, the microphone 5 of the array is positioned right-angled in front of the main microphone position in 25 mm distance (Figure 3, right) and 25 mm above the table (Figure 3, left). 25 mm Pos. 5 Pos. 5 Pos. 4 Pos. 3 Pos. 2 Pos. 1 Pos. 6 Pos. 7 Pos. 8 main microphone or acoustical ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 5.4 Microphone array setup for binaural applications | Figure 4 shows the configuration of microphones located around an artificial head. The locations of the microphones define the sweet spots where the reproduction of the recorded signals is optimal for all frequencies. In consequence these points are in the direct vicinity of the ears where the microphones of binaural t... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6 Loudspeaker setup for background noise simulation | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.0 Loudspeaker Positioning | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.0.1 General setup | In general, the position height of the loudspeakers as well as the exact spacing between them is not crucial, since the equalization procedure described below accounts for the individual loudspeaker positions. The difference that might be observed between different loudspeaker positions is a different deviation from th... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.0.2 Augmented loudspeaker setup for spatial audio testing | For tests requiring reproduction of a more accurate sound field for spatial audio testing, an augmented setup may be used to improve reconstruction quality while maintaining backwards compatibility with existing reproduction systems: • Eight loudspeakers should be placed according to the recommendation in clause 6.0.1 ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.1 Test room requirements | The room required by the reproduction technique may vary from acoustically treated office rooms to anechoic rooms. The playback room should meet the following requirements: • Room size: The room size should be in a range between 1,8 m × 2,4 m × 2,1 m to 8 m × 9 m × 4,5 m (L × W × H). • Room acoustic parameter clarity 8... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2 Equalization and calibration | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.0 Overview of the equalization procedure | For equalization the same microphone array setup with the same microphone position has to be used as for the recording setup described in clause 5.2. Accordingly, the microphone array has to be calibrated as described in clause 5.1.2. The equalization itself can then be performed completely automated - independent of t... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.1 Separate level adjustment for each loudspeaker | First of all, the sound pressure level of each loudspeaker is adjusted to be the same for all loudspeakers. To achieve this, the average sound pressure level is measured and calculated across the whole frequency range and across the eight microphones. The average sound pressure level for each loudspeaker should be at l... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.2 System identification | In this step, the impulse responses between all combinations of loudspeakers and microphones are measured. Figure 5 shows the eight-microphones/eight-loudspeakers setup, Figure 5a and 5b the one for eight-microphones/sixteen- loudspeakers. Hri represents the impulse response (frequency response) from loudspeaker r to m... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.3 Pre-processing of the impulse responses | As motivated in clause 5.1.1, the sound field is only correctly reproduced up to a cut-off frequency, which is in the range between 2 kHz and 3 kHz for the given microphone setup. For higher frequencies, the tail of the impulse response degrades the quality of the inversion. To cope with that, a low pass filter with a ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4 Calculation of the inversion filters | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.0 Overview | Figure 9 provides a block diagram of the inversion process of the impulse responses. Figure 9: Block diagram of the inversion process of the impulse responses NOTE: Each subband is processed with a subset of impulse responses according to the microphones used in each subband as defined in Table 2. The matrix-size of th... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.1 Inversion procedure | The starting point for developing the inversion procedure is writing the signal Pi(f) arriving at microphone I as a linear combination of the signals Xl(f) played back with loudspeaker l multiplied with a transfer function Hli(f), which models the acoustic path between microphone and loudspeaker. This can easily be see... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.2 Different microphones for different frequency bands | On the one hand, a rising number of microphones leads to a worse condition of the matrix which has to be inverted and therefore the number of microphones should be limited. On the other hand, the quality of the spatial reproduction increases with a higher number of microphones. In order to further optimize the inversio... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.3 Search for the optimum regularization factor | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.3.0 Introduction | In order to find the optimum regularization factor, a (basic) iterative procedure is applied in all subbands individually. In the last subband with frequencies above 2 kHz, the wavelengths are shorter and a second iterative procedure refines the result of the first one. |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.4.3.1 Basic methodology to find the optimum regularization factor | The first iterative process used for the calculation of the inversion filters in each block of the equalization procedure (see Figure 9) is shown in Figure 10. = ∗ + − ∗. ETSI ETSI TS 103 224 V1.7.1 (2025-11) 22 Figure 10: Basic iterative process for calculating the regularization factors To find a more exac... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.2.6 Accuracy of the equalization | After a successful equalization the following criteria shall be met: 1) Level accuracy - The level of the reproduced sound field at each microphone of the calibration as well as of the fine- tuning set shall be accurate within ±1 dB for the reference noise recording (see clause 8.1). 2) Magnitude and phase of the cross... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3 Validation examples of the reproduction arrangement | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.0 Introduction | During the development of the equalization and calibration procedure, a variety of experiments were conducted in order to estimate the reproduction accuracy of the multi-point sound field recording and reproduction arrangement. Several results and observations are provided in the following for a setup without subwoofer... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.1 Comparison between original sound field and simulated sound field | The comparison to the original sound field is an inherent part of the equalization technique. Figure 13 shows the differences of the microphone levels as well as the complex coherence between the real sound field and the simulated sound field after equalization at the relevant microphone positions of the calibration se... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.2 Impact of handset positioner and phone on the simulated sound field | The impact of the handset-positioner, and the impact of the terminal itself, on the sound pressure produced by the multi-microphone based simulation were examined in more detail. Therefore a measurement microphone was positioned closely to the main microphone as well as closely to the rear microphone of a mobile phone ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.1 Introduction | A reference sound field was generated in a reverberant room by eight loudspeakers located in a reverberant room not used for the sound field simulation. The loudspeakers were positioned at different locations as the loudspeaker used later for the sound field simulation. The only adjustment was a level adjustment so tha... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.2 Background noise transmission | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.2.0 Validation Procedure | In a first step the different spectra of the transferred background noise are compared. First 30 seconds of speech were played back in addition to the background noise. Then the speech was switched off and 30 seconds of background noise were played back. The simulation of background-noise was then recorded with a measu... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.2.1 Handset | The equalization setup was as described in clause 5.2. ETSI ETSI TS 103 224 V1.7.1 (2025-11) 31 Carnoise-- processed unprocessed Mix-- processed unprocessed Figure 16: Phone1, handset mode, Comparison of 12th octave spectra for carnoise and mix-signal in different rooms (processed on the left, unprocessed on the right)... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.2.2 Handheld Hands-free | A hands-free equalization was conducted in two different rooms. The simulation of the "mix"-signal was then recorded with a measurement microphone at the position of the main microphone of a mobile phone as described in clause 5.3. Simultaneously the sending signal of the mobile phone which was limited to narrowband-mo... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.2.3 Desktop Hands-Free | An equalization for a desktop hands-free terminal was conducted in the reverberant room. The equalization arrangement was again setup as described in clause 5.3. The results can be seen in Figure 21. No big deviations can be observed. Figure 21: Desktop phone equalization-- Comparison of 12th octave spectra of referenc... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.3 S-/N-/G-MOS Analysis according to ETSI TS 103 106 | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.3.1 Handset | Figure 22 shows the MOS-Values measured in the simulation in relation to the MOS-Values measured in reality for the handset case. An excellent correlation between simulation and reality can be observed. The correlation factors are given in Table 5. U/dBm -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 f/Hz 50 100 200 2000 5000 10k... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.3.3.2 Hands-free | Figure 23 shows the MOS-Values measured in the simulation in relation to the MOS-Values measured in reality for the hands-free case. A good correlation between simulation and reality can be observed. The correlation factors are given in Table 6. Table 6: Correlations for S-/N-/G-MOS for hands-free mode of different pho... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 6.3.4 Extended comparison of original and simulated sound field | An additional comparison is performed to observe the diffuseness of the original and reproduced sound fields. This is intended for scenarios where the sixteen-loudspeaker array described in clause 6.0.2 is used to improve the spatial characteristics of the reconstructed sound field. G-MOS N-MOS S-MOS 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.0 Introduction | Clause 6 defines the loudspeaker equalization for the microphone arrangements from clauses 5.2 and 5.3. In this clause, a generalization of the above described method is given which extends the underlying equalization method for other, more flexible microphone or loudspeaker configurations and is applicable for the mic... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.1 Loudspeaker configuration | The generalized Multi-Point Noise Simulation Method requires at least 2 loudspeakers, preferably 4 loudspeakers or more. The distance between the microphone array and the loudspeaker fronts shall be at least 50 cm and should not exceed 2,5 m. Note that the maximum distance is also limited by the maximum sound pressure ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.2 Microphone setup | No fixed microphone arrangement is required, hence the setup can be adapted individually for each application. If possible, the output signal of the microphones of the Device Under Test (DUT) can be used directly for equalization or otherwise additional measurement microphones are placed near the DUT microphones. In an... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.3 Background noise recordings and reference noise | Since the arrangement of the microphones is not fixed but differs between different applications and (possibly) different DUTs, no default background noise scenarios can be provided. Instead, individual background noise recordings shall be done for each application and microphone arrangement. ETSI ETSI TS 103 224 V1.7.... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.4 Equalization and calibration | The method described in clause 6.2 defines the following steps to be performed: 1) Separate level adjustment for every loudspeaker. 2) System identification. 3) Pre-processing of the impulse responses. 4) Calculation of the inversion filters: a) Inversion procedure. b) Different microphones for different frequency band... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.5 Accuracy of the equalization | After a successful equalization the following criteria, which are comparable to those of clause 6.2.6 shall be met: 1) Level accuracy The level of the reproduced sound field at each microphone of the calibration set shall be accurate within ±1 dB for the reference noise recording (see clause 7.3). 2) Magnitude and phas... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.6 Example use case: equalization inside a vehicle | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.6.0 Introduction | As an example for the application of the generalized method, this clause provides instructions to apply the method to loudspeaker equalization inside a car. This setup can be used as an alternative to the background noise simulation system according to clause 7 of ETSI ES 202 396-1 [i.7]. |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.6.1 Loudspeaker configuration | As the generalized Multi-Point Noise Simulation Method is compatible with the loudspeaker arrangement of clause 7 of ETSI ES 202 396-1 [i.7] (four loudspeakers plus subwoofer), same loudspeaker arrangement shall be used for up to N=4 microphones. As described above, the required number of loudspeakers depends on the nu... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.6.2 Microphone setup | The microphones have to be arranged individually for each car's interior and for each application. Often microphones can be found at the rear view mirror or at the ceiling above the driver or the co-driver. As it was described previously, the measurement microphones should be positioned close to the vehicle's hands-fre... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.6.3 Equalization | Since the reverberation time in vehicle interiors is negligible compared to treated office rooms, the low-pass filtering (step 3)) is omitted. ETSI ETSI TS 103 224 V1.7.1 (2025-11) 42 |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.7 Example use case: binaural equalization | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.7.1 Introduction | The setup as illustrated in Figure 24 can be used as an alternative to the background noise simulation system according to clause 6 of ETSI ES 202 396-1 [i.7], which specifies a noise field simulation for binaural signals. Figure 24: Binaural noise field simulation |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.7.2 Loudspeaker configuration | The loudspeaker setup shall be the same as in clause 6 of ETSI ES 202 396-1 [i.7], i.e. four large or small loudspeakers according to Table 7 shall be used. In case four small loudspeakers are used, an additional subwoofer shall be used. When using four large loudspeaker, the usage of a subwoofer is optional. |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.7.3 Microphone setup | As a microphone configuration, two artificial ears according to Recommendation ITU-T P.57 [2] mounted on a HATS according to Recommendation ITU-T P.58 [1] shall be used. Signals for the equalization procedure are recorded at the DRP. A sound field correction corresponding to the correction of the binaural recordings sh... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 7.7.4 Equalization | The equalization and calibration procedure is carried out with N=2 microphones (left and right ear) and L=5 loudspeakers for setups with subwoofer or L=4 in case no subwoofer is used, respectively. For compatibility with clause 6 of ETSI ES 202 396-1 [i.7], fmin shall be fixed to 50 Hz. As reference noise (see clause 7... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8 Background noise database | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.0 Introduction | The background noise database is available separately from the present document. All files are 8 channel wave files with 48 kHz sampling rate and 24 bit integer or 32 bit floating format resolution. In case the signals are stored in 32 bit floating format, the amplitude values directly represent the target sound pressu... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.1 Reference noise recording | |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.1.1 Default frequency range | For the inversion procedure described in clause 6.2.4.3.2 and for the validation of the inversion in clauses 6.2.5 and 6.2.6, reference background noises are provided and shall be used. For these background noises, the sound pressure level is measured at the calibration set and at the fine-tuning set of the microphones... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.1.2 Low frequency extension | In case fmin is less than 50 Hz, i.e. a subwoofer is additionally used, different reference noise recordings shall be used for the validation of low-frequency reproduction. These noise recordings are similar to the ones described in clause 8.1.1, but contain an increased amount of low-frequency energy. The signal level... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.2 Background noise signals for terminal testing | The signals that are described in Table 8 were recorded with the microphone array according to clauses 5.2 and 5.3 (only handheld hands-free). The filenames are in italics and provided in brackets, below the title. Table 8: Background noise signals for playback with the multi microphone method for handset and handheld ... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.3 Background noise signals for binaural applications | The signals that are described in Table 9 were recorded with the symmetric microphone array according to clause 5.4. Table 9: Background noise signals for playback with the multi microphone method for binaural applications (levels inSPL(A)) Name Description Length [s] Signal Levels [dB SPL(A)] Inside Train Station Stat... |
2981f570db003b2d0f5cc9828f4bde4e | 103 224 | 8.4 Background noise signals in a home-like test environment | The signals that are described in Table 10 were recorded with the microphone array according to clause 5.3. All signals were recorded in a home-like test environment with acoustic conditions, DUT positions, and noise source locations defined in Annex A. ETSI ETSI TS 103 224 V1.7.1 (2025-11) 49 Table 10: Background nois... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 1 Scope | The present document specifies the object model, reference renderer, bitstream syntax and broadcast extensions for MDA. MDA, short for Multi-Dimension Audio, is a metadata model and bitstream representation of an object-based soundfield for linear content, for use in cinema and broadcast applications. The presentdocume... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 2 References | |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 2.1 Normative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 2.2 Informative references | References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks in... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 3 Definitions and abbreviations | |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 3.1 Definitions | For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: aperture: circular extent of an audio object, measured in degrees azimuth: angle in degrees between the frontal direction and the position of an audio object projected on the horizontal plane divergence: horizontal spread of an audio o... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 3.2 Abbreviations | For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACN Ambisonics Channel Number ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee BPX Broadcast Extension CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DRC Dynamic Range Compression DRM Digital Rights Management HOA Higher Order Ambisonics LFE Low Frequency Effects LKFS... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4 MDA Core Metadata | |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.1 Introduction (informative) | The MDA Program, or simply Program hereafter, is a self-contained object-based audio program. As such it consists of a collection of audio objects, each combining an audio waveform with metadata. The metadata indicates, for instance, when the object occurs on the Program timeline or where it is positioned within the so... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.2 Timeline | An MDA Program defines a sample-accurate timeline onto which Entity instances are placed (see Figure 4.7). Positions and durations on the timeline shall be expressed as integer multiples of the inverse of the Program audio sample rate (see Clause 4.5.5.3), i.e. as an integer number of audio samples. In other words, the... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.3 Audio Objects | Figure 4.3: MDA Audio Object An MDA Audio Object represents an identifiable sequence of Entity instances (see Clause 4.5.6) within the time span of an MDA Program. It is uniquely identified by its (identification) number id, and aggregates all of the MDA Entity instances in the MDA Program with that same identification... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.4 Coordinate System | The present document uses the Cartesian coordinate system illustrated in Figure 4.4 and specified as follows: • the listener is located at the origin O=(0,0,0), facing the front of the room; • the positive z-axis is perpendicular to the floor of the room, and directed to the ceiling; • the positive y-axis is directed t... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5 Object Model | |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.1 General | The Program object model is specified using a combination of prose and UML notation. The prose shall take precedence over the UML notation in case of conflict. If an optional property is absent, its value shall be unspecified unless a default value is provided, in which case its value shall be the default value. Values... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.2 Namespace | UML elements defined herein shall be members of the MDA Package within the 1.0 core namespace specified in Table 4.1 and abbreviated as <mdacore>. Table 4.1: MDA Object Model Namespaces Symbol URI mdaroot http://mdaif.org mdacore http://mdaif.org/core/1.0 |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.3 Versioning | The namespace specified in Clause 4.5.2 SHALL only be associated with Program instances that conform to the present document as expressed by the combination of its prose and schema definitions. Program instances using specifications that modify the latter (i.e. schema), including future versions of the present document... |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.4 Program | Figure 4.5: Program Object Model A Program instance is a single complete Program, which contains all entities necessary for reproduction. ETSI ETSI TS 103 223 V1.1.1 (2015-04) 16 |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.5 Header | |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.5.1 General | The single Header instance SHALL contain information applicable to the Program as a whole. Figure 4.6: Header Model |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.5.2 programURI | The programURI property SHALL uniquely identify the Program instance. It shall consist of no more than 64 characters, with the meaning of character specified in RFC 3986 [1]. Two Program instances may have identical programURI values if and only if the two instances are identical. |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.5.3 sampleRate | The sampleRate property SHALL indicate the audio sampling rate of the Program. Table 4.2 defines common values for audio sampling rates. |
f952cb359110469a2c2e9d21522d74c4 | 103 223 | 4.5.5.4 constraintSets | The Program object model may be constrained and extended by multiple applications, each potentially defining additional metadata properties and applying a set of constraints beyond those specified herein. Implementations can use the constraintSets to rapidly determine whether they are capable of processing a Program. E... |
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