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7.4 Assessment of prerequisites
The auditors shall assess the efficiency of the method used by the BVB to check the conformity of prerequisites with each requirements stated in clause 6 of TS 102 845 [1]. Audit by the auditors shall assess the correctness, completeness and coherence of the examination by the BVB. The following documents shall be prov...
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7.5 Assessment of checking-up process
The following documents shall be provided as inputs for the assessment of checking process: a) Documented statistical method used to design the test campaign and the SSEC in accordance with TS 102 845 [1] (clause 7.2); b) History of the SSEC and frequency of updates; c) Evidence of test resource used for the SSEC in ac...
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7.6 Assessment of automated robots and software
BVB shall document the architecture and functions of automated robots and software implemented to checking-up on metering and billing processes. The checking-up process shall use automated robots that are in sufficient number and capacity regarding the SSEC. The robots and the software used for identifying the gap betw...
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7.7 Assessment of management involvement
The audit team shall verify that the test campaign and the billing error rate have been validated and are well known by the service provider management at a significant level. The audit team shall ask the service provider Management about the quality of the summary of billing discrepancies issued by the BVB. The audit ...
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8 Audit report
The audit report re-states conclusions for each TS 102 845 [1] and the present document requirements. It identifies for each of them: • activities performed; • time period; • locations; • rationale of efficiency and findings; • general conclusion. Audit findings and non conformities can be classified in three levels: •...
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9 Audit duration and frequency
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9.1 Initial audit
The duration time given in this clause are minimal figures below which a comprehensive assessment cannot be carried out. The figures shall be understood for all audit activities as defined in clause 7. Type A conformity assessment: • Assessment scope comprising less than 5 service providers: 4 days ETSI ETSI TS 102 846...
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9.2 Monitoring audit
Follow up review shall be planned by the conformity assessment body, after the initial conformity assessment at least every 12 months. Type A conformity assessment: • Assessment scope comprising less than 5 service providers: 3 days • Assessment scope comprising between 6 and 10 service providers: 4 days • Assessment s...
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1 Scope
The present document has been prepared to provide a model for designing and operating the checking-up on metering and billing processes of Service Providers. Because the checking-up approach of the present document is end-to-end (i.e. using a "black box" approach from the actual electronic communications generation to ...
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2 References
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2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which a...
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks i...
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3 Definitions of terms and abbreviations
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3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply: billing error rate: for a set of electronic communications, the ratio of the total number of electronic communications having breached at least one of the billing integrity principles divided by the total number of electronic communications in the set...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 5G Fifth Generation mobile technology ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line API Application Programming Interface APN Access Point Name BIPM International Bureau of Weights and Measures/Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BVB Billing V...
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4 Billing Chain and Risks
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4.1 Billing Chain
A telecommunication billing chain consists of three functional areas: • information management area, • operational area, • financial management area. The information management area is responsible for customer information, pricing model and numerous billing configurations, management of the contract entries and the cor...
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4.2 Billing Model in Operational Area
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4.2.1 Billing model
The metering and billing verification are mainly performed in the billing operational area. A simplified functional billing model is depictured in figure 1. Figure 1: Illustration of a billing model The model consists of four functional components: Offline and Online charging function, mediation, rating and billing dom...
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4.2.2 Configuration of Charging data and Billing Platforms
It is evident that any errors in the billing chain will cause overcharging or undercharging. Although there are many root causes, the main cause is resulted from a wrong configuration of charging data in the charging and the billing systems. ETSI ETSI TS 102 845 V2.0.0 (2018-10) 14 Charging data is generated and collec...
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4.3 Inherent risks in tariff plans complexity
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4.3.0 Inherent risks
Based on the rules derived from the business model and tariffs plans, the charging data, the mediation and rating platforms in the billing system shall be correspondingly and correctly configured. Because of the complexity and missing information inherent from the tariff plans, the wrong configuration of the charging s...
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4.3.1 Bundles and bundle plans management
Bundle is a package of services defined through several dimensions, such as volume, quantity, time, etc. Most postpaid and many prepaid tariffs are presented as a bundled packet offer. A bundled offer contains a quantity of minutes of voice service, a quantity of SMS/MMS and a volume of Data. Furthermore, it is a norma...
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4.3.2 Value-Added Services
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4.3.2.1 VAS billing risks
Value added services are basically services offered by operators - either directly or with a third party - beyond the 'core' services (i.e. above standard voice, SMS, MMS and Data services). Value-added services range from complex products like mobile banking, to over-the-top applications, subscriptions to third-party ...
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4.3.2.2 Billing of Premium Rate and Content Services
Premium services are a kind of VAS and concern mainly voice service or SMS. The services usually involve a third party who purchases a premium number to sell contents. A premium call/SMS charge consists of two parts: • the operator's charge for accessing the network; • a charge from the third party which can in turn co...
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4.3.3 Temporary mobile offer and real time promotion
For competitive reasons, the operators can provide some temporary offers and promotions that will not be displayed on the website or in the commercial brochures. These promotions may be generated via dynamic tariffing platforms, for example, through the usage analysis at a punctual moment/ geographical location, a numb...
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4.3.4 Zero-rating
Zero-rating (content) is used by service providers to differentiate the tariff offer from a normal tariff for data usage. Zero-rating enables unlimited usage of one or multiple concerned applications, services, or websites for a fixed price. The approach differs from a normal data tariff plan where a User/customer pays...
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4.3.5 Mobile Money
Mobile money is a service in which the mobile phone is used to access financial services. Mobile money transfer is a person-to-person (P2P), remittance service enabled by a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) at either the send or receive ends, or both. The service is typically provided by MNOs in partnership with other ecos...
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5 Approach for Checking-up on Metering and Billing
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5.1 Billing Integrity Principles
By definition, the metering and billing of a Service Provider is correct if it complies with the following five billing integrity principles: Principle 1: Electronic communications metering (success status, time, duration, volume, and throughput) is accurate. Principle 2: Unsuccessful electronic communications are not ...
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5.2 Process Approach
The present document adopts a process approach for providing evidence measured by an Independent Observer according to a standardized process that a Service Provider complies with the billing integrity principles defined in clause 5.1. The chain of services delivery possibly involves different Service providers, then t...
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5.3 Billing Error Rate
In practice, in the history of telecommunications, no Service Provider has ever fully complied with the principles defined in clause 5.1. Moreover, no industry experts would expect any Service Provider to fully comply in the future with these principles because of increasing commercial complexity, technical complexity ...
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6 Implementation Model
The billing and metering checking process itself can be executed by an internal department of the Service Provider (Full Internalization), outsourced to an external provider of monitoring services (Full Outsourcing) or by a combination of both (Mixed Model). The present document does not recommend any special type of o...
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7 Prerequisites
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7.0 General prerequisites
Before implementing the checking-up on metering and billing process described in the present document, the two following prerequisites shall be fulfilled by the Service Provider: • Prerequisite 1: Metering Rules Definition. • Prerequisite 2: Tariff Information Documentation. For the present document, the requirement is...
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7.1 Metering Rules Definition
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7.1.1 Definition of Successful and Unsuccessful Status
[7.1.1.1] The Service Provider shall define methods and principles to define if an electronic communication is successful or unsuccessful and whether or not it should lead to a chargeable item. [7.1.1.2] The principles of [7.1.1.1] shall be differentiated for every type of electronic communication offered by the Servic...
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7.1.2 Definition of Units
[7.1.2.1] The Service Provider shall use, when available, units that are part of the International System of Units as described in BIPM [2]. [7.1.2.2] If no unit is defined in the International System of Units (e.g. bit, byte), a clear system of unit shall be defined and used consistently by Service Provider. [7.1.2.3]...
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7.1.3 Definition of Time
[7.1.3.1] The Service Provider shall define a clear and consistent reference for measuring time of an electronic communication. This method shall be unambiguous to all types of electronic communications delivered by the Service Provider (e.g. international roaming communications).
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7.1.4 Definition of Duration
[7.1.4.1] The Service Provider shall define a clear method to compute the duration of electronic communications charged to customers. The duration shall be determined as the difference of time between two well defined trigger points.
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7.1.5 Definition of Data Volume
[7.1.5.1] The Service Provider shall define a clear method to define volume of data exchanged during an electronic communication. [7.1.5.2] Volume metering method, defined in [7.1.5.1], shall define the way electronic communication is exchanged: upload, download, multicast, etc. [7.1.5.3] Volume metering method, define...
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7.1.6 Definition of Classes of Service
[7.1.6.1] If Service Provider markets different classes of service (e.g. based on throughput or availability), the Service Provider shall define a clear method to meter the parameter used to define each marketed class of service.
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7.1.7 Definition of Rounding Methods
[7.1.7.1] The Service Provider shall define the different methods used for rounding each type of raw parameters (time, duration, data volumes and classes of service). ETSI ETSI TS 102 845 V2.0.0 (2018-10) 20
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7.2 Tariff Information Documentation
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7.2.1 Tariff Scope
[7.2.1.0] Tariff information published by the Service Provider shall be complete, unambiguous and accessible to customers and shall include or refer the metering principles of clause 7.1. The different modes of Tariff Information shall contain this information and shall be consistent. [7.2.1.1] Tariff information shoul...
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7.2.2 Taxes Information
[7.2.2.1] Tariff Information shall state if taxes are included or not in prices and which rate applies. When applicable, tariff information shall distinguish if taxes are included according to different cases such as domestic vs. international transactions, local vs. roaming transactions, incoming vs. outgoing transact...
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7.2.3 Definition of Rounding Methods
[7.2.3.1] The Service Provider shall define the different methods used for rounding prices before and after the computation of taxes.
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7.2.4 Definition of Publishing Modes
[7.2.4.1] The Service Provider shall define the different publishing modes that are available for a customer of each tariff plan to access details about its billing information.
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8 Checking-up Process
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8.0 General principles
The checking-up process of the present document is based on the principle of using appropriate test subscriptions (SIM cards, fixed line, DSL lines, VoIP accounts, etc.) and on connected TCG to verify the compliance of a Service Provider with the billing integrity principles. The TCG use test subscriptions to generate ...
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8.1 Process Overview
The process used for checking-up metering and billing is made of the elementary tasks described by figure 2. Figure 2: Checking-up Process Overview Clauses 8.2 to 8.11 describe the clauses a Service Provider shall conform to, to claim compliance with the present document. NOTE: The "Case Management and Corrective Actio...
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8.2 Test Campaign Design
[8.2.1] The Service Provider shall define a statistical method to design a SSEC that addresses metering and billing verification objectives and respects a set of testing constraints. An example of SSEC is provided in annex A. [8.2.2] The Service Provider shall document and validate the statistical method of [8.2.1]. [8...
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8.3 Test Resources Procurement
[8.3.1] The different test resources of the Service Provider (SIM cards, Fixed line, DSL subscription, VOIP Account, etc.) needed to perform the SSEC shall be configured in the networks and information systems of the Service Provider as if they were actual customers of the Service Provider. [8.3.2] The different test r...
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8.4 Electronic Communications Technical Configuration
[8.4.1] The different electronic communications of the SSEC shall be updated on a Continuous Basis to a set of connected TCG.
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8.5 Electronic Communications Generation
[8.5.1] The TCG shall execute the electronic communications according to the predefined plan (SSEC) with an appropriate level of accuracy according to the Metering Principles defined in clause 7.1.
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8.6 TCG Logs Collection
[8.6.1] The TCG shall report about the executed electronic communications with an appropriate level of traceability. The TCG shall use Packet Capture trace (pcap) for network tracing, and define the appropriate information to be metered.
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8.7 Billing Details Collection
[8.7.1] The SP shall publish Billing Details Information. For each publishing mode, the collection of Billing Details from the test resources shall be retrieved following the process used by actual customers wishing to know about their charging. For example, if the Service Provider offers a web site where customers can...
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8.8 Electronic Communications Rating and Matching
[8.8.1] Electronic communications shall be re-rated (charged) based on TCG logs and according to published Tariff Information. [8.8.2] Electronic communications shall be re-rated (charged) in the chronological order of generation (i.e. after being sorted according to electronic communication start time). [8.8.3] Re-rat...
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8.9 Balance and Invoices checking
[8.9.1] On the basis of the re-rating and matching performed in the previous step, every discrepancy between the theoretical bill and the real bill shall be spotted for every electronic communication of the SSEC. A discrepancy may be: - a missing invoice item; - a duplicate invoice item; - an unexpected invoice item; -...
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8.10 Reporting
[8.10.1] Reporting about the billing and metering checking process shall be produced according to predefined templates. [8.10.2] The reporting shall indicate the distinct types of billing differences identified between the theoretical bill and the actual bill that have been identified (e.g. unbilled item, item billed m...
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8.11 Billing Error Rate Computation
[8.11.1] For each period (e.g. day, week, month, quarter) and for each types of electronic communications, the SP shall compute the Billing Error Rate as defined in the present document (see clause 3.1).
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9 Test Methodology
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9.1 End-to-End Active Test
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9.1.0 End-to-end active test methodology
The metering and billing verification is targeted to the charging and billing system for voice, messaging, value-added services, data connectivity. The end-to-end active test methodology is used for billing assurance test which complements with the existing revenue assurance system at the operator side. The end-to-end ...
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9.1.1 Test Charging Generator
Based on the end-to-end active test methodology, The Test Charging Generator (TCG) is the most popular, reference test system for metering and billing verification. TCG repeatedly emulates USER behaviours on devices when consuming the subscribed services, and generates application transactions, sessions, voice calls, m...
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9.1.2 User devices connected to TCG
With massive smart phone deployment, the billing verification for mobile data traffics generated by mobile applications shall be tested using end user equipment (UE), in particular, via real smart phone devices which are connected to the test system TCG.
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9.2 Test interfaces
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9.2.0 TCG interfaces
TCG test system can be connected to different type of interfaces while performing the metering and billing verifications, air/wired interfaces or core interfaces.
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9.2.1 Air interfaces
In the end-to-end test approach, the test system TCG can be directly connected to the radio, wireless or wired interfaces, for example, at the reference point: • Um for GERAN/GSM • UMTS-Uu for UTRAN/UMTS (FDD or TDD) • LTE-Uu for LTE • NR-Uu for 5G NR • U for CDMA2000 • IEEE 802.11™ [8] wireless interface • ADSL line c...
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9.2.2 Core interfaces
The test system TCG can also be plugged onto the core network interfaces (such as SS7/ISUP, Gb, IUcs, IUps, S1, etc.), since the checking-up on metering and billing processes is starting from the core Network elements responsible for charging, such as MSC, SGSN or MME/S-GW, etc.
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9.3 Benefits of end-to-end test
An operational billing chain consists mainly of two parts: • Core network is responsible for charging policy and control, determination of charging characteristics and collecting charging information in form of raw CDR. • Billing system converts the charging information received from core network to USER bills for mone...
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1 Scope
The present document details the specific requirements an independent body should comply with in addition to the generic standards ISO/IEC Guide 65 [2] to provide conformity assessment of the QoS assessment process of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services to EG 202 843 [i.1] and other relevant standar...
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ETSI TS 102 852: "User Group; Quality of ICT Services; Assessment process of the QoS parameters of the customer relationship stages". [2] ISO/IEC Guide 65 (1996): "General requirements for bodies operating product certific...
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2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI EG 202 843: "User Group; Quality of ICT Services; Definitions and Methods for Assessing the QoS parameters of the Customer Relationship Stages ot...
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
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3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: accreditation body: organization that has the power to accredit a Conformity Assessment Body audit team: group of auditors appointed to provide conformity assessment of the QoS assessment activities with respect to a technical specific...
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3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CAB Conformity Assessment Body EA European Cooperation for Accreditation ESO European Standards Organisation ICT Information and Communication Technology QoS Quality of Service QoSAP Quality of Service Assessment Party SP Service Provider
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4 Approach for Conformity Assessment
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4.1 Scope of Conformity Assessment
The Conformity Assessment process described in the present document is concerned with the compliance of the QoS assessment process managed by a service provider or by an independent party with requirements described in TS 102 852 [1]. The intent of the Conformity Assessment described in the present document is not to s...
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4.2 Types of Conformity Assessment
It is expected that some service providers may outsource the QoS assessment to an external third party and that other service providers may handle it internally. In order to address these two schemes, two types of conformity assessment have been defined: a) External QoSAP. When an external QoSAP carries out the QoS Ass...
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5 Scope of conformity assessment
The QoSAP shall provide the audit team of the CAB with real QoS Assessment campaigns carried out by the QoSAP. The auditing may be carried out in part/s on different cases to meet the complete requirements. No case/s need to be audited in full.
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6 Audit team for conformity assessment
The audit team may be composed by a sole or several auditors. Each of them shall be qualified by the party providing assessment of the QoS. In case of several auditors, one shall be designed as the audit team leader. Auditor shall have: • Secondary education or 7 years of professional experience. • Understanding of sta...
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7 Audit activities
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7.1 Overview
The activities of the audit of the QoS assessment are the following: • Initiating the audit. • Conducting document review. • Preparing for the on-site audit activities. • Conducting on-site audit activities. ETSI ETSI TS 102 844 V1.2.1 (2010-11) 9 • Preparing the audit report. • Approving and distributing the audit rep...
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7.2 Audit Methods
Three levels are defined to assess the compliance of the QoS Assessment process: • Inquiry: interview of the personnel in charge of the ICT QoS assessment. • Examination: review of documentation, visual examination. • Tests: test or computation of results. The means of assessment is chosen by the auditor. It may be dif...
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7.3 Assessment of QoSAP Status
The QoSAP that conducts the QoS Assessment process shall employ sufficient and competent personnel to perform the checking process as described in TS 102 852 [1]. This staff shall have the following minimum skills, knowledge and competences: • Specialist knowledge in statistics. • Specialist knowledge in ICT. • Special...
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7.4 Independency
The QoSAP shall demonstrate that conflicts of interest do not exist with the departments in charge of managing the QoS within the service providers.
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8 Assessment of the campaign process
The QoSAP shall have a documented process to manage the test campaign. The process shall include at least the stages detailed in TS 102 852 [1]: a) Define campaign. b) Build questionnaire. c) Prepare campaign operation. d) Execution of campaign. e) Data filtering. ETSI ETSI TS 102 844 V1.2.1 (2010-11) 10 f) Aggregation...
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9 Assessment of the campaign definition and operation
For each campaign, the QoSAP shall document the campaign according to TS 102 852 [1]. The following information shall be provided by the QoSAP: a) Statistical considerations used to design the test campaigns and the sampling in accordance with TS 102 852 [1]; the present document shall describe elements such as : - cri...
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10 Assessment by the audit team
The audit team shall verify that documented methods provided by the QoSAP are correctly used (on real cases) and maintained in a way that ensure that results are objective, comparable and reproducible. To be declared compliant, the QoSAP shall provide the audit team at least one real cases of QoS assessment. If the QoS...
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11 QoSAP Resources and testing equipment
The QoSAP shall provide the list of resources, tools and configuration equipment available for QoS assessment.
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12 Audit report
The audit report re-state conclusions for each recommendation from EG 202 843 [i.1] and requirement from TS 102 852 [1]. It identifies for each of them: • activities performed; ETSI ETSI TS 102 844 V1.2.1 (2010-11) 11 • Service Provider name (s) (in case of external QoSAP); • time period; • locations; • rationale of ef...
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12.1 Audit findings and non conformities
Any deviation from TS 102 852 [1] or from the present document requirements related to the QoS assessment process shall be identified as a non conformity. The CAB is free to define different grades of deviations. Certification/conformity shall not be granted until all requirements are met. Non conformities, which raise...
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13 Monitoring the conformity
TS 102 852 [1] certificate of conformity is valid for 5 years. Periodic surveillance of QoSAP activities shall be implemented through periodic audits in order to verify that the QoSAP continue to comply with TS 102 852 [1]. For the first period, a surveillance audit must be carried out within 12 months after the initia...
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14 Audit duration
The duration of the audit (initial, surveillance and renewal) shall be determined according to table 1. Table 1: Audit duration Total days QoSAP Number of employees involved in QoS assessment Preparation and report : 0,5 On site audit : 1 1 to 5 Preparation and report : 0,5 On site audit : 2 6 to 10 Preparation and rep...
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1 Scope
The present document describes the specification for a high performance External Power Supply Unit for powering the Customer Premises Equipment to a maximum voltage rating of 5 V dc. The specifications define the input, output characteristics and performance requirements for a switching mode AC to DC CPS rated to a max...
62af558f6ba3daa3d6a9c8d6fbe9aa4a
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2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which ar...
62af558f6ba3daa3d6a9c8d6fbe9aa4a
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2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] Commission Regulation (EC) No 278/2009 of 6 April 2009 Implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for no-load condition electric power consumption ...