README_new.md

metadata

license: eupl-1.2
language:
  - nl

NFI Fireworks training dataset for the "Vuurwerkverkenner" application

The Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) Fireworks training dataset consists of scans of fireworks wrappers from fireworks that were investigated in casework in the Netherlands between 2010 and 2025. For a subset of these wrappers, photographs of fireworks snippets (pieces of the wrapper after the detonation) were added.

Data overview

The data consists of 347 wrappers in 216 categories. There are 36 categories with multiple wrappers, and snippets are available for 216 wrapper categories.

Data collection

For the fireworks wrappers, all wrappers physically available at the NFI Explosives team from casework between 2010-2025 were scanned.

For the collection of the fireworks snippets, fireworks were exploded and snippets that resulted were gathered by hand. Snippets were cleaned, dried and sorted by wrapper. Snippets were then photographed on a white background. One snippet photo contains multiple snippets.

Sampling was done based on availability of fireworks in the data collection period. To diversify and increase the dataset, additional wrappers were chosen to print and glue to Cobra 6 fireworks. This selection was done in collaboration with domain experts.

Data structure

The root level of our data structure is organized by the method of data collection. For instance, the artificial_snippets folder contains virtual snippets created artificially, while real_snippets comprises images of real exploded fireworks.

Within each data collection method folder, the data is further divided into train, test, and validation folders. These divisions help in training our model effectively. In addition, the artificial_snippets folder includes a reference folder, which holds data used to calculate reference embeddings.

Moving to the third layer, each folder represents a firework category. Firework types are grouped based on the similarity of their wrappers. For example, variants from different years, like Cobra 6 from 2018 and 2019, are considered similar due to their wrapper design. These categorizations were made with the assistance of domain experts.

The final layer contains folders named after specific firework wrappers. Each of these folders includes multiple images of snippets (e.g., 0.png, 1.png) if they are available for that particular wrapper category.

Below is a visual representation of the data structure:

└───  artificial_snippets
     └───reference
          └───cobrawit
                └───cobra t.t.
                     └───0.png
                     └───1.png
                     └───2.png
          └───butterfly
                └───cobra t.t.
                     └───0.png
                     └───1.png
                     └───2.png
          └───supertop
     └───train
     └───test
     └───val
└───  mock_snippets
     └───train
     └───test
     └───val
└───  real_snippets
     └───train
     └───test
     └───val

Firework wrappers

Wrappers have been scanned, and the images have been reduced in size to a maximum of 2000 pixels in either height or width.

Categorisation

Categories with multiple wrappers:

Category	Number of wrappers
atomyc	4
mascleta	2
bigboy	3
dumbumzwart	12
blackvlinder	2
blackwidow	3
bluestorm1	2
caramella2	3
chooet	2
cobrazwart	63
zink2	3
zink3	3
tuonogolf	4
tuonorood	2
tuonovuur	2
tuonogoud	2
viperzwart	4
xplode	2
cobrazilver	5
crazyrobots	2
delovarana1	2
delovarana2	2
thunderstorm	2
dumbumzwartrood	2
dumbumzwartzilver	3
jorge2	2
horror	2
jr101	2
lupo	3
match_cracker1	2
retorno2	2
petarde	2
profi	2
shark2	2
scream	10
shark1	2

Categories with snippet collections:

Category	Number of snippet collections
match_cracker2	33
shell2	33
shell1	33
3040	33
ghost1	33
achtung2	33
achtung_skull	33
achtung1	33
alarm5	33
appletrate	33
aquilacentinaio	33
zorro	33
atomyc	132
mascleta	66
bigboy	99
dumbumzwart	396
bigjumbo	33
bigthunder	33
bigtigertropic	33
blackdeath	33
blackthunder1	33
blackthunder2	33
blackthunder3	33
blackvlinder	66
blackwidow	99
blitzschlag	33
bluestorm1	66
bluestorm2	33
zink1	33
bomb1	33
bomb2	33
butterfly	33
caramella1	33
caramella2	99
celebrationcracker	33
chooet	66
circoblitz	33
cobrazwart	2079
zink2	99
zink4	33
zink3	99
zink5	33
signalrakete901blauw	33
silverdemon	33
siouxwarior	33
sp1010	33
spanishcracker	33
stielhandgranate	33
succubus	33
supercracker	33
superexplosion2	33
superexplosion4	33
superexplosion1	33
superexplosion3	33
supertop	33
thumpingthunder	33
thundercracker	33
thunderking	33
tigerboom	33
titan	33
shell5	33
tp2	33
tuonoblauw	33
tuonogolf	132
tuonorood	66
tuonovuur	66
tuonogoud	66
tuonott4	33
txp001	33
viperbruin	33
vipergeel	33
viperzwart	132
viperrood	33
viper2	33
virus3	33
virus	33
vlinder1	33
xplode	66
yellowshock	33
bulldog	33
mario200	33
monster1	33
viperduo	33
virus2	33
blackthunder4	33
euphoria	33
bigboyboom	33
duxmealux	33
fotzenblitz	33
padrino	33
numero40	33
numberone2	33
shell4	33
gigantmaroon2	33
gun	33
redbutterfly	33
gretathunder1	33
gretathunder2	33
vitaminf50	33
tirex	33
panzerfaust1	33
cobrazilver	165
cobrawit	33
cobratraat1	33
cobratraat2	33
colorreport	33
colourflower	33
bp0038p	33
coloursalute	33
corona	33
torpedo	33
crazybang	33
crazyrobots	66
delovarana3	33
delovarana1	66
delovarana2	66
diablo (blauw)	33
diablo (rood)	33
diablo (zwart)	33
dieptebom	33
dinamite	33
thunderstorm	66
doppelschlag	33
dragonboom1	33
dragonboom2	33
dumbumvuurretorno100	33
dumbumzwartrood	66
dumbumoranje	33
dumbumzwartzilver	99
echobomb	33
ekstra_cobra	33
cometa	33
matabrujas	33
raptor	33
flashing thunder	33
folgore	33
nitraat9	33
jorge1	33
jorge2	66
funkenschlag1	33
funkenschlag2	33
ghost2	33
gigantmaroon1	33
gladiator1	33
gladiator2	33
goldthunder	33
gorillabomb	33
handgranade	33
horror	66
joker2	33
joker4	33
jokerroze	33
joker1	33
joker3	33
jr101	66
kalasnikov	33
kittywhr	33
nitraat5	33
817	33
krachmen	33
labomba	33
littlecooper	33
lupo	99
match_cracker1	66
megabomb	33
retorno2	66
batterij fb	33
nitraat11	33
nitraat6	33
napolitaansebom	33
newrambo	33
nitraat2	33
nitraat3	33
nitraat4	33
nitrobomb	33
numberone1	33
cs1	33
p1000	33
nitraat8	33
bombbon	33
859	33
nitraat7	33
petarde	66
nitraat1	33
profi	66
shark2	66
pyropower	33
pyrostar	33
rambo	33
rastatraat	33
reaper	33
redbaron	33
reddevil	33
redflower	33
redthunder	33
retorno3	33
retorno1	33
rex1	33
rocket2	33
rocket3	33
saperp2000	33
schockerxxl	33
scream	330
screamineagle	33
shark1	66
shell3	33
barracuda	33
purplestorm	33
pitbull	33
lupoblauw	33
pertardof2	33
nebelschlagpaars	33
nebelschlagrood	33
nebelschlaggeel	33
nebelschlagblauw	33
explod	33

Training

The steps followed at the NFI to actually train the model with these data, are described in the model card of the Vuurwerkverkenner at https://huggingface.co/NetherlandsForensicInstitute/vuurwerkverkenner (also linked to this data set).

Possible bias

The reference set of firework wrappers is dependent on which fireworks were investigated by the NFI. This may not be representative for fireworks in other countries or in the future.

Data collection of snippets was influenced by the availability of fireworks. Due to low availability, some snippets are the result of wrappers glued to Cobra 6 fireworks instead of the original fireworks. We noticed that these wrappers tended to detach more easily than wrappers on original firework. This may have influenced the snippet creation.

Very small snippets were not included in our dataset.