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def DegreeSequence(deg_sequence): '\n Return a graph with the given degree sequence.\n\n This method raises a NetworkX error if the proposed degree sequence cannot\n be that of a graph.\n\n Graph returned is the one returned by the Havel-Hakimi algorithm, which\n constructs a simple graph by connec...
def DegreeSequenceBipartite(s1, s2): '\n Return a bipartite graph whose two sets have the given degree sequences.\n\n Given two different sequences of degrees `s_1` and `s_2`, this functions\n returns ( if possible ) a bipartite graph on sets `A` and `B` such that the\n vertices in `A` have `s_1` as t...
def DegreeSequenceConfigurationModel(deg_sequence, seed=None): '\n Return a random pseudograph with the given degree sequence.\n\n This method raises a NetworkX error if the proposed degree sequence cannot\n be that of a graph with multiple edges and loops.\n\n One requirement is that the sum of the d...
def DegreeSequenceTree(deg_sequence): '\n Return a tree with the given degree sequence.\n\n This method raises a NetworkX error if the proposed degree sequence cannot\n be that of a tree.\n\n Since every tree has one more vertex than edge, the degree sequence\n must satisfy ``len(deg_sequence) - su...
def DegreeSequenceExpected(deg_sequence, seed=None): '\n Return a random graph with expected given degree sequence.\n\n This method raises a NetworkX error if the proposed degree sequence cannot\n be that of a graph.\n\n One requirement is that the sum of the degrees must be even, since every\n edg...
def JohnsonGraph(n, k): '\n Returns the Johnson graph with parameters `n, k`.\n\n Johnson graphs are a special class of undirected graphs defined from systems\n of sets. The vertices of the Johnson graph `J(n,k)` are the `k`-element\n subsets of an `n`-element set; two vertices are adjacent when they ...
def KneserGraph(n, k): '\n Returns the Kneser Graph with parameters `n, k`.\n\n The Kneser Graph with parameters `n,k` is the graph\n whose vertices are the `k`-subsets of `[0,1,\\dots,n-1]`, and such\n that two vertices are adjacent if their corresponding sets\n are disjoint.\n\n For example, t...
def FurerGadget(k, prefix=None): "\n Return a Furer gadget of order ``k`` and their coloring.\n\n Construct the Furer gadget described in [CFI1992]_,\n a graph composed by a middle layer of `2^(k-1)` nodes\n and two sets of nodes `(a_0, ... , a_{k-1})` and\n `(b_0, ... , b_{k-1})`.\n Each node i...
def CaiFurerImmermanGraph(G, twisted=False): '\n Return the a Cai-Furer-Immerman graph from `G`, possibly a twisted\n one, and a partition of its nodes.\n\n A Cai-Furer-Immerman graph from/on `G` is a graph created by\n applying the transformation described in [CFI1992]_ on a graph\n `G`, that is s...
def EgawaGraph(p, s): '\n Return the Egawa graph with parameters `p`, `s`.\n\n Egawa graphs are a peculiar family of graphs devised by Yoshimi\n Egawa in [Ega1981]_ .\n The Shrikhande graph is a special case of this family of graphs,\n with parameters `(1,0)`.\n All the graphs in this family ar...
def HammingGraph(n, q, X=None): "\n Returns the Hamming graph with parameters ``n``, ``q`` over ``X``.\n\n Hamming graphs are graphs over the cartesian product of n copies\n of ``X``, where `q = |X|`, where the vertices, labelled with the\n corresponding tuple in `X^n`, are connected if the Hamming di...
def BalancedTree(r, h): '\n Returns the perfectly balanced tree of height `h \\geq 1`,\n whose root has degree `r \\geq 2`.\n\n The number of vertices of this graph is\n `1 + r + r^2 + \\cdots + r^h`, that is,\n `\\frac{r^{h+1} - 1}{r - 1}`. The number of edges is one\n less than the number of v...
def BarbellGraph(n1, n2): '\n Returns a barbell graph with ``2*n1 + n2`` nodes. The argument ``n1``\n must be greater than or equal to 2.\n\n A barbell graph is a basic structure that consists of a path graph\n of order ``n2`` connecting two complete graphs of order ``n1`` each.\n\n INPUT:\n\n -...
def LollipopGraph(n1, n2): '\n Returns a lollipop graph with n1+n2 nodes.\n\n A lollipop graph is a path graph (order n2) connected to a complete\n graph (order n1). (A barbell graph minus one of the bells).\n\n PLOTTING: Upon construction, the position dictionary is filled to\n override the spring...
def TadpoleGraph(n1, n2): '\n Return a tadpole graph with n1+n2 nodes.\n\n A tadpole graph is a path graph (order n2) connected to a cycle graph\n (order n1).\n\n PLOTTING: Upon construction, the position dictionary is filled to override\n the spring-layout algorithm. By convention, the cycle graph...
def AztecDiamondGraph(n): '\n Return the Aztec Diamond graph of order ``n``.\n\n See the :wikipedia:`Aztec_diamond` for more information.\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n sage: graphs.AztecDiamondGraph(2)\n Aztec Diamond graph of order 2\n\n sage: [graphs.AztecDiamondGraph(i).num_verts() for i in ...
def DipoleGraph(n): '\n Returns a dipole graph with n edges.\n\n A dipole graph is a multigraph consisting of 2 vertices connected with n\n parallel edges.\n\n EXAMPLES:\n\n Construct and show a dipole graph with 13 edges::\n\n sage: g = graphs.DipoleGraph(13); g\n Dipole graph: Multi...
def BubbleSortGraph(n): '\n Returns the bubble sort graph `B(n)`.\n\n The vertices of the bubble sort graph are the set of permutations\n on `n` symbols. Two vertices are adjacent if one can be obtained\n from the other by swapping the labels in the `i`-th and `(i+1)`-th\n positions for `1 \\leq i ...
def chang_graphs(): "\n Return the three Chang graphs.\n\n Three of the four strongly regular graphs of parameters `(28,12,6,4)` are\n called the Chang graphs. The fourth is the line graph of `K_8`. For more\n information about the Chang graphs, see the :wikipedia:`Chang_graphs` or\n https://www.wi...
def CirculantGraph(n, adjacency): '\n Returns a circulant graph with n nodes.\n\n A circulant graph has the property that the vertex `i` is connected\n with the vertices `i+j` and `i-j` for each j in ``adjacency``.\n\n INPUT:\n\n\n - ``n`` - number of vertices in the graph\n\n - ``adjacency`` ...
def CubeGraph(n, embedding=1): "\n Return the `n`-cube graph, also called the hypercube in `n` dimensions.\n\n The hypercube in `n` dimension is build upon the binary strings on `n` bits,\n two of them being adjacent if they differ in exactly one bit. Hence, the\n distance between two vertices in the ...
def GoethalsSeidelGraph(k, r): "\n Returns the graph `\\text{Goethals-Seidel}(k,r)`.\n\n The graph `\\text{Goethals-Seidel}(k,r)` comes from a construction presented\n in Theorem 2.4 of [GS1970]_. It relies on a :func:`(v,k)-BIBD\n <sage.combinat.designs.bibd.balanced_incomplete_block_design>` with `r...
def DorogovtsevGoltsevMendesGraph(n): '\n Construct the n-th generation of the Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes\n graph.\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n sage: G = graphs.DorogovtsevGoltsevMendesGraph(8) # needs networkx\n sage: G.size() ...
def FoldedCubeGraph(n): '\n Returns the folded cube graph of order `2^{n-1}`.\n\n The folded cube graph on `2^{n-1}` vertices can be obtained from a cube\n graph on `2^n` vertices by merging together opposed\n vertices. Alternatively, it can be obtained from a cube graph on\n `2^{n-1}` vertices by ...
def FriendshipGraph(n): '\n Return the friendship graph `F_n`.\n\n The friendship graph is also known as the Dutch windmill graph. Let\n `C_3` be the cycle graph on 3 vertices. Then `F_n` is constructed by\n joining `n \\geq 1` copies of `C_3` at a common vertex. If `n = 1`,\n then `F_1` is isomorp...
def FuzzyBallGraph(partition, q): '\n Construct a Fuzzy Ball graph with the integer partition\n ``partition`` and ``q`` extra vertices.\n\n Let `q` be an integer and let `m_1,m_2,...,m_k` be a set of positive\n integers. Let `n=q+m_1+...+m_k`. The Fuzzy Ball graph with partition\n `m_1,m_2,...,m_...
def FibonacciTree(n): '\n Return the graph of the Fibonacci Tree `F_{i}` of order `n`.\n\n The Fibonacci tree `F_{i}` is recursively defined as the tree\n with a root vertex and two attached child trees `F_{i-1}` and\n `F_{i-2}`, where `F_{1}` is just one vertex and `F_{0}` is empty.\n\n INPUT:\n\n...
def GeneralizedPetersenGraph(n, k): '\n Returns a generalized Petersen graph with `2n` nodes. The variables\n `n`, `k` are integers such that `n>2` and `0<k\\leq\\lfloor(n-1)`/`2\\rfloor`\n\n For `k=1` the result is a graph isomorphic to the circular ladder graph\n with the same `n`. The regular Peter...
def IGraph(n, j, k): '\n Return an I-graph with `2n` nodes.\n\n The I-Graph family as been proposed in [BCMS1988]_ as a generalization of\n the generalized Petersen graphs. The variables `n`, `j`, `k` are integers\n such that `n > 2` and `0 < j, k \\leq \\lfloor (n - 1) / 2 \\rfloor`.\n When `j = ...
def DoubleGeneralizedPetersenGraph(n, k): "\n Return a double generalized Petersen graph with `4n` nodes.\n\n The double generalized Petersen graphs is a family of graphs proposed in\n [ZF2012]_ as a variant of generalized Petersen graphs. The variables `n`,\n `k` are integers such that `n > 2` and `...
def RoseWindowGraph(n, a, r): '\n Return a rose window graph with `2n` nodes.\n\n The rose window graphs is a family of tetravalant graphs introduced in\n [Wilson2008]_. The parameters `n`, `a` and `r` are integers such that\n `n > 2`, `1 \\leq a, r < n`, and `r \\neq n / 2`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``...
def TabacjnGraph(n, a, b, r): '\n Return a Tabačjn graph with `2n` nodes.\n\n The Tabačjn graphs is a family of pentavalent bicirculants graphs proposed\n in [AHKOS2014]_ as a generalization of generalized Petersen graphs. The\n parameters `n`, `a`, `b`, `r` are integers such that `n \\geq 3`, `1 \\le...
def HararyGraph(k, n): '\n Returns the Harary graph on `n` vertices and connectivity `k`, where\n `2 \\leq k < n`.\n\n A `k`-connected graph `G` on `n` vertices requires the minimum degree\n `\\delta(G)\\geq k`, so the minimum number of edges `G` should have is\n `\\lceil kn/2\\rceil`. Harary graph...
def HyperStarGraph(n, k): "\n Return the hyper-star graph `HS(n, k)`.\n\n The vertices of the hyper-star graph are the set of binary strings of length\n `n` which contain `k` 1s. Two vertices, `u` and `v`, are adjacent only if\n `u` can be obtained from `v` by swapping the first bit with a different\n...
def LCFGraph(n, shift_list, repeats): '\n Return the cubic graph specified in LCF notation.\n\n LCF (Lederberg-Coxeter-Fruchte) notation is a concise way of\n describing cubic Hamiltonian graphs. The way a graph is constructed\n is as follows. Since there is a Hamiltonian cycle, we first create\n a...
def MycielskiGraph(k=1, relabel=True): '\n Returns the `k`-th Mycielski Graph.\n\n The graph `M_k` is triangle-free and has chromatic number\n equal to `k`. These graphs show, constructively, that there\n are triangle-free graphs with arbitrarily high chromatic\n number.\n\n The Mycielski graphs...
def MycielskiStep(g): '\n Perform one iteration of the Mycielski construction.\n\n See the documentation for ``MycielskiGraph`` which uses this\n method. We expose it to all users in case they may find it\n useful.\n\n EXAMPLE. One iteration of the Mycielski step applied to the\n 5-cycle yields ...
def NKStarGraph(n, k): '\n Returns the (n,k)-star graph.\n\n The vertices of the (n,k)-star graph are the set of all arrangements of\n n symbols into labels of length k. There are two adjacency rules for\n the (n,k)-star graph. First, two vertices are adjacent if one can be\n obtained from the othe...
def NStarGraph(n): '\n Returns the n-star graph.\n\n The vertices of the n-star graph are the set of permutations on n\n symbols. There is an edge between two vertices if their labels differ\n only in the first and one other position.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n``\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n sage: g ...
def OddGraph(n): '\n Returns the Odd Graph with parameter `n`.\n\n The Odd Graph with parameter `n` is defined as the\n Kneser Graph with parameters `2n-1,n-1`.\n Equivalently, the Odd Graph is the graph whose vertices\n are the `n-1`-subsets of `[0,1,\\dots,2(n-1)]`, and such\n that two vertice...
def PaleyGraph(q): '\n Paley graph with `q` vertices\n\n Parameter `q` must be the power of a prime number and congruent\n to 1 mod 4.\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n sage: G = graphs.PaleyGraph(9); G # needs sage.rings.finite_rings\n Paley graph with par...
def PasechnikGraph(n): '\n Pasechnik strongly regular graph on `(4n-1)^2` vertices\n\n A strongly regular graph with parameters of the orthogonal array graph\n :func:`~sage.graphs.graph_generators.GraphGenerators.OrthogonalArrayBlockGraph`,\n also known as pseudo Latin squares graph `L_{2n-1}(4n-1)`, ...
def SquaredSkewHadamardMatrixGraph(n): '\n Pseudo-`OA(2n,4n-1)`-graph from a skew Hadamard matrix of order `4n`\n\n A strongly regular graph with parameters of the orthogonal array graph\n :func:`~sage.graphs.graph_generators.GraphGenerators.OrthogonalArrayBlockGraph`,\n also known as pseudo Latin squ...
def SwitchedSquaredSkewHadamardMatrixGraph(n): '\n A strongly regular graph in Seidel switching class of\n `SquaredSkewHadamardMatrixGraph`\n\n A strongly regular graph in the :meth:`Seidel switching\n <Graph.seidel_switching>` class of the disjoint union of a 1-vertex graph\n and the one produced ...
def HanoiTowerGraph(pegs, disks, labels=True, positions=True): '\n Returns the graph whose vertices are the states of the\n Tower of Hanoi puzzle, with edges representing legal moves between states.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``pegs`` - the number of pegs in the puzzle, 2 or greater\n - ``disks`` - the numbe...
def line_graph_forbidden_subgraphs(): '\n Returns the 9 forbidden subgraphs of a line graph.\n\n See the :wikipedia:`Line_graph` for more information.\n\n The graphs are returned in the ordering given by the Wikipedia\n drawing, read from left to right and from top to bottom.\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n ...
def petersen_family(generate=False): '\n Returns the Petersen family\n\n The Petersen family is a collection of 7 graphs which are the forbidden\n minors of the linklessly embeddable graphs. For more information see the\n :wikipedia:`Petersen_family`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``generate`` (boolean) -- w...
def SierpinskiGasketGraph(n): '\n Return the Sierpinski Gasket graph of generation `n`.\n\n All vertices but 3 have valence 4.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - `n` -- an integer\n\n OUTPUT:\n\n a graph `S_n` with `3 (3^{n-1}+1)/2` vertices and\n `3^n` edges, closely related to the famous Sierpinski triangle\...
def GeneralizedSierpinskiGraph(G, k, stretch=None): '\n Return the generalized Sierpinski graph of `G` of dimension `k`.\n\n Generalized Sierpinski graphs have been introduced in [GKP2011]_ to\n generalize the notion of Sierpinski graphs [KM1997]_.\n\n Given a graph `G = (V, E)` of order `n` and a par...
def WheelGraph(n): "\n Returns a Wheel graph with n nodes.\n\n A Wheel graph is a basic structure where one node is connected to all other\n nodes and those (outer) nodes are connected cyclically.\n\n PLOTTING: Upon construction, the position dictionary is filled to override\n the spring-layout alg...
def WindmillGraph(k, n): '\n Return the Windmill graph `Wd(k, n)`.\n\n The windmill graph `Wd(k, n)` is an undirected graph constructed for `k \\geq\n 2` and `n \\geq 2` by joining `n` copies of the complete graph `K_k` at a\n shared vertex. It has `(k-1)n+1` vertices and `nk(k-1)/2` edges, girth 3 (i...
def trees(vertices): "\n Returns a generator of the distinct trees on a fixed number of vertices.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``vertices`` - the size of the trees created.\n\n OUTPUT:\n\n A generator which creates an exhaustive, duplicate-free listing\n of the connected free (unlabeled) trees with ``verti...
def nauty_gentreeg(options='', debug=False): '\n Return a generator which creates non-isomorphic trees from nauty\'s gentreeg\n program.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``options`` -- string (default: ``""``); a string passed to ``gentreeg``\n as if it was run at a system command line. At a minimum, you *must* ...
def RingedTree(k, vertex_labels=True): "\n Return the ringed tree on k-levels.\n\n A ringed tree of level `k` is a binary tree with `k` levels (counting\n the root as a level), in which all vertices at the same level are connected\n by a ring.\n\n More precisely, in each layer of the binary tree (i...
def MathonPseudocyclicMergingGraph(M, t): "\n Mathon's merging of classes in a pseudo-cyclic 3-class association scheme\n\n Construct strongly regular graphs from p.97 of [BL1984]_.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``M`` -- the list of matrices in a pseudo-cyclic 3-class association scheme.\n The identity matrix...
def MathonPseudocyclicStronglyRegularGraph(t, G=None, L=None): '\n Return a strongly regular graph on `(4t+1)(4t-1)^2` vertices from\n [Mat1978]_.\n\n Let `4t-1` be a prime power, and `4t+1` be such that there exists\n a strongly regular graph `G` with parameters `(4t+1,2t,t-1,t)`. In\n particular,...
def TuranGraph(n, r): '\n Returns the Turan graph with parameters `n, r`.\n\n Turan graphs are complete multipartite graphs with `n` vertices and `r`\n subsets, denoted `T(n,r)`, with the property that the sizes of the subsets\n are as close to equal as possible. The graph `T(n,r)` will have `n \\pmod...
def MuzychukS6Graph(n, d, Phi='fixed', Sigma='fixed', verbose=False): "\n Return a strongly regular graph of S6 type from [Muz2007]_ on\n `n^d((n^d-1)/(n-1)+1)` vertices.\n\n The construction depends upon a number of parameters, two of them, `n` and\n `d`, mandatory, and `\\Phi` and `\\Sigma` mappings...
def CubeConnectedCycle(d): '\n Return the cube-connected cycle of dimension `d`.\n\n The cube-connected cycle of order `d` is the `d`-dimensional hypercube\n with each of its vertices replaced by a cycle of length `d`. This graph has\n order `d \\times 2^d`.\n The construction is as follows:\n C...
def IntervalGraph(intervals, points_ordered=False): '\n Return the graph corresponding to the given intervals.\n\n An interval graph is built from a list `(a_i,b_i)_{1\\leq i \\leq n}` of\n intervals : to each interval of the list is associated one vertex, two\n vertices being adjacent if the two corr...
def PermutationGraph(second_permutation, first_permutation=None): '\n Build a permutation graph from one permutation or from two lists.\n\n Definition:\n\n If `\\sigma` is a permutation of `\\{ 1, 2, \\ldots, n \\}`, then the\n permutation graph of `\\sigma` is the graph on vertex set\n `\\{ 1, 2, ...
def ToleranceGraph(tolrep): '\n Return the graph generated by the tolerance representation ``tolrep``.\n\n The tolerance representation ``tolrep`` is described by the list\n `((l_0,r_0,t_0), (l_1,r_1,t_1), \\ldots, (l_k,r_k,t_k))` where `I_i =\n (l_i,r_i)` denotes a closed interval on the real line wi...
def OrthogonalArrayBlockGraph(k, n, OA=None): "\n Return the graph of an `OA(k,n)`.\n\n The intersection graph of the blocks of a transversal design with parameters\n `(k,n)`, or `TD(k,n)` for short, is a strongly regular graph (unless it is a\n complete graph). Its parameters `(v,k',\\lambda,\\mu)` a...
def IntersectionGraph(S): '\n Return the intersection graph of the family `S`\n\n The intersection graph of a family `S` is a graph `G` with `V(G)=S` such\n that two elements `s_1,s_2\\in S` are adjacent in `G` if and only if `s_1\\cap\n s_2\\neq \\emptyset`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``S`` -- a list of ...
def TetrahedralGraph(): '\n Return a tetrahedral graph (with 4 nodes).\n\n A tetrahedron is a 4-sided triangular pyramid. The tetrahedral graph\n corresponds to the connectivity of the vertices of the tetrahedron. This\n graph is equivalent to a wheel graph with 4 nodes and also a complete graph\n ...
def HexahedralGraph(): '\n Return a hexahedral graph (with 8 nodes).\n\n A regular hexahedron is a 6-sided cube. The hexahedral graph corresponds to\n the connectivity of the vertices of the hexahedron. This graph is\n equivalent to a 3-cube.\n\n PLOTTING: The Hexahedral graph should be viewed in 3...
def OctahedralGraph(): '\n Return an Octahedral graph (with 6 nodes).\n\n The regular octahedron is an 8-sided polyhedron with triangular faces. The\n octahedral graph corresponds to the connectivity of the vertices of the\n octahedron. It is the line graph of the tetrahedral graph. The octahedral is\...
def IcosahedralGraph(): '\n Return an Icosahedral graph (with 12 nodes).\n\n The regular icosahedron is a 20-sided triangular polyhedron. The icosahedral\n graph corresponds to the connectivity of the vertices of the icosahedron. It\n is dual to the dodecahedral graph. The icosahedron is symmetric, so...
def DodecahedralGraph(): '\n Return a Dodecahedral graph (with 20 nodes)\n\n The dodecahedral graph is cubic symmetric, so the spring-layout algorithm\n will be very effective for display. It is dual to the icosahedral graph.\n\n PLOTTING: The Dodecahedral graph should be viewed in 3 dimensions. We\n ...
def RandomGNP(n, p, seed=None, fast=True, algorithm='Sage'): '\n Returns a random graph on `n` nodes. Each edge is inserted independently\n with probability `p`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n`` -- number of nodes of the graph\n\n - ``p`` -- probability of an edge\n\n - ``seed`` -- a ``random.Random`` see...
def RandomBarabasiAlbert(n, m, seed=None): '\n Return a random graph created using the Barabasi-Albert preferential\n attachment model.\n\n A graph with `m` vertices and no edges is initialized, and a graph of `n`\n vertices is grown by attaching new vertices each with `m` edges that are\n attached...
def RandomBipartite(n1, n2, p, set_position=False, seed=None): '\n Returns a bipartite graph with `n1+n2` vertices such that any edge\n from `[n1]` to `[n2]` exists with probability `p`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n1, n2`` -- Cardinalities of the two sets\n\n - ``p`` -- Probability for an edge to exist\n\n...
def RandomRegularBipartite(n1, n2, d1, set_position=False, seed=None): '\n Return a random regular bipartite graph on `n1 + n2` vertices.\n\n The bipartite graph has `n1 * d1` edges. Hence, `n2` must divide `n1 * d1`.\n Each vertex of the set of cardinality `n1` has degree `d1` (which can be at\n most...
def RandomBlockGraph(m, k, kmax=None, incidence_structure=False, seed=None): '\n Return a Random Block Graph.\n\n A block graph is a connected graph in which every biconnected component\n (block) is a clique.\n\n .. SEEALSO::\n\n - :wikipedia:`Block_graph` for more details on these graphs\n ...
def RandomBoundedToleranceGraph(n, seed=None): '\n Return a random bounded tolerance graph.\n\n The random tolerance graph is built from a random bounded tolerance\n representation by using the function `ToleranceGraph`. This representation\n is a list `((l_0,r_0,t_0), (l_1,r_1,t_1), ..., (l_k,r_k,t_k...
def RandomGNM(n, m, dense=False, seed=None): "\n Returns a graph randomly picked out of all graphs on n vertices\n with m edges.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n`` -- number of vertices.\n\n - ``m`` -- number of edges.\n\n - ``dense`` -- whether to use NetworkX's\n :func:`dense_gnm_random_graph` or :fu...
def RandomNewmanWattsStrogatz(n, k, p, seed=None): '\n Return a Newman-Watts-Strogatz small world random graph on `n` vertices.\n\n From the NetworkX documentation: first create a ring over `n` nodes. Then\n each node in the ring is connected with its `k` nearest neighbors. Then\n shortcuts are creat...
def RandomHolmeKim(n, m, p, seed=None): '\n Return a random graph generated by the Holme and Kim algorithm for\n graphs with power law degree distribution and approximate average\n clustering.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n`` -- number of vertices\n\n - ``m`` -- number of random edges to add for each new ...
def RandomIntervalGraph(n, seed=None): '\n Returns a random interval graph.\n\n An interval graph is built from a list `(a_i,b_i)_{1\\leq i \\leq n}`\n of intervals : to each interval of the list is associated one\n vertex, two vertices being adjacent if the two corresponding\n intervals intersect....
def growing_subtrees(T, k): '\n Return a list of the vertex sets of ``n`` randomly chosen subtrees of ``T``.\n\n For a tree of order `n`, the collection contains `n` subtrees with maximum\n order `k` and average order `\\frac{k + 1}{2}`.\n\n This method is part of\n :meth:`~sage.graphs.generators.r...
def connecting_nodes(T, l): '\n Return a list of the vertex sets of ``n`` randomly chosen subtrees of ``T``.\n\n This method is part of\n :meth:`~sage.graphs.generators.random.RandomChordalGraph`.\n\n ALGORITHM:\n\n For each subtree `T_i`, we first select `k_i` nodes of `T`, where `k_i` is a\n r...
def pruned_tree(T, f, s): '\n Return a list of the vertex sets of ``n`` randomly chosen subtrees of ``T``.\n\n This method is part of\n :meth:`~sage.graphs.generators.random.RandomChordalGraph`.\n\n ALGORITHM:\n\n For each subtree `T_i`, it randomly selects a fraction `f` of the edges on\n the t...
def RandomChordalGraph(n, algorithm='growing', k=None, l=None, f=None, s=None, seed=None): '\n Return a random chordal graph of order ``n``.\n\n A Graph `G` is said to be chordal if it contains no induced hole (a cycle of\n length at least 4). Equivalently, `G` is chordal if it has a perfect\n elimina...
def RandomLobster(n, p, q, seed=None): '\n Returns a random lobster.\n\n A lobster is a tree that reduces to a caterpillar when pruning all\n leaf vertices. A caterpillar is a tree that reduces to a path when\n pruning all leaf vertices (q=0).\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n`` - expected number of vertices...
def RandomTree(n, seed=None): "\n Returns a random tree on `n` nodes numbered `0` through `n-1`.\n\n By Cayley's theorem, there are `n^{n-2}` trees with vertex\n set `\\{0,1,...,n-1\\}`. This constructor chooses one of these uniformly\n at random.\n\n ALGORITHM:\n\n The algorithm works by genera...
def RandomTreePowerlaw(n, gamma=3, tries=1000, seed=None): '\n Return a tree with a power law degree distribution, or ``False`` on failure.\n\n From the NetworkX documentation: a trial power law degree sequence is chosen\n and then elements are swapped with new elements from a power law\n distribution...
def RandomRegular(d, n, seed=None): '\n Return a random `d`-regular graph on `n` vertices, or ``False`` on failure.\n\n Since every edge is incident to two vertices, `n\\times d` must be even.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``d`` -- degree\n\n - ``n`` -- number of vertices\n\n - ``seed`` -- a ``random.Random`...
def RandomShell(constructor, seed=None): '\n Return a random shell graph for the constructor given.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``constructor`` -- a list of 3-tuples `(n, m, d)`, each representing a\n shell, where:\n\n - ``n`` -- the number of vertices in the shell\n\n - ``m`` -- the number of edges ...
def RandomToleranceGraph(n, seed=None): '\n Return a random tolerance graph.\n\n The random tolerance graph is built from a random tolerance representation\n by using the function `ToleranceGraph`. This representation is a list\n `((l_0,r_0,t_0), (l_1,r_1,t_1), ..., (l_k,r_k,t_k))` where `k = n-1` and...
def _auxiliary_random_forest_word(n, k): '\n Return a random word used to generate random triangulations.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``n`` -- an integer\n\n - ``k`` -- an integer\n\n OUTPUT:\n\n A binary sequence `w` of length `4n+2k-4` with `n` ones, such that any\n proper prefix `u` of `w` satisfies ...
def _contour_and_graph_from_words(pendant_word, forest_word): '\n Return the contour word and the graph of inner vertices of the `k`-gonal\n forest associated with the words ``pendant_word`` and ``forest_word``.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``pendant_word`` -- a word with `k-1` zeros and `k-3` ones\n\n - ``for...
def RandomTriangulation(n, set_position=False, k=3, seed=None): "\n Return a random inner triangulation of an outer face of degree ``k`` with\n ``n`` vertices in total.\n\n An inner triangulation is a plane graph all of whose faces (except the\n outer/unbounded face) are triangles (3-cycles).\n\n I...
def blossoming_contour(t, shift=0, seed=None): "\n Return a random blossoming of a binary tree `t`, as a contour word.\n\n This is doing several things simultaneously:\n\n - complete the binary tree, by adding leaves labelled ``xb``,\n - add a vertex labelled ``n`` at the middle of every inner\n ...
def RandomBicubicPlanar(n, seed=None): "\n Return the graph of a random bipartite cubic map with `3 n` edges.\n\n INPUT:\n\n `n` -- an integer (at least `1`)\n\n - ``seed`` -- a ``random.Random`` seed or a Python ``int`` for the random\n number generator (default: ``None``)\n\n OUTPUT:\n\n ...
def RandomUnitDiskGraph(n, radius=0.1, side=1, seed=None): '\n Return a random unit disk graph of order `n`.\n\n A unit disk graph is the intersection graph of a family of unit disks in the\n Euclidean plane. That is a graph with one vertex per disk of the family and\n an edge between two vertices whe...
def HarborthGraph(): '\n Return the Harborth Graph.\n\n The Harborth graph has 104 edges and 52 vertices, and is the smallest known\n example of a 4-regular matchstick graph. For more information, see the\n :wikipedia:`Harborth_graph`.\n\n EXAMPLES::\n\n sage: g = graphs.HarborthGraph(); g\n...
def HarriesGraph(embedding=1): "\n Return the Harries Graph.\n\n The Harries graph is a Hamiltonian 3-regular graph on 70 vertices.\n See the :wikipedia:`Harries_graph`.\n\n The default embedding here is to emphasize the graph's 4 orbits. This graph\n actually has a funny construction. The followin...
def HarriesWongGraph(embedding=1): "\n Return the Harries-Wong Graph.\n\n See the :wikipedia:`Harries-Wong_graph`.\n\n *About the default embedding:*\n\n The default embedding is an attempt to emphasize the graph's 8 (!!!)\n different orbits. In order to understand this better, one can picture the\...
def WellsGraph(): '\n Return the Wells graph.\n\n For more information on the Wells graph (also called Armanios-Wells graph),\n see `this page <https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/graphs/Wells.html>`_.\n\n The implementation follows the construction given on page 266 of [BCN1989]_.\n This requires to creat...
def Cell600(embedding=1): '\n Return the 600-Cell graph.\n\n This is the adjacency graph of the 600-cell. It has 120 vertices and 720\n edges. For more information, see the :wikipedia:`600-cell`.\n\n INPUT:\n\n - ``embedding`` -- integer (default: ``1``); two different embeddings for a\n plot\...