AgentSLR: Automating Systematic Literature Reviews in Epidemiology with Agentic AI
Paper • 2603.22327 • Published • 8
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PMID_19132113 | Both | 19,132,113 | PMC2164958 | 10.1242/dmm.000471 | Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses | Dennis A. Bente; Jason Gren; James E. Strong; Heinz Feldmann | Disease Models & Mechanisms | 2,009 | The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg are zoonotic agents that are classified as both biosafety level 4 and category A list pathogens. These viruses are pathogenic in humans and cause isolated infections or epidemics of viral hemorrhagic fever, mainly in Central Africa. Their natural reservoir has not been definitely identified, but certain species of African bat have been associated with Ebola and Marburg infections. Currently, there are no licensed options available for either treatment or prophylaxis. Different animal models have been developed for filoviruses including mouse, guinea pig and nonhuman primates. The ‘gold standard’ animal models for pathogenesis, treatment and vaccine studies are rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical picture and the pathology/pathogenesis of human filovirus infections. The current animal model options are discussed and compared with regard to their value in different applications. In general, the small animal models, in particular the mouse, are the most feasible for high biocontainment facilities and they offer the most options for research owing to the greater availability of immunologic and genetic tools. However, their mimicry of the human diseases as well as their predictive value for therapeutic efficacy in primates is limited, thereby making them, at best, valuable initial screening tools for pathophysiology, treatment and vaccine studies. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19132113/ | https://openalex.org/W1975525323 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2799 | true |
PMID_27887599 | OpenAlex | 27,887,599 | null | 10.1186/s12879-016-2045-6 | How severe and prevalent are Ebola and Marburg viruses? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the case fatality rates and seroprevalence | Luke Nyakarahuka; Clovice Kankya; Randi Krontveit; Benjamin Mayer; Frank Norbert Mwiine; Julius J. Lutwama; Eystein Skjerve | BMC Infectious Diseases | 2,016 | The pooled CFR and seroprevalence for Ebola and Marburg viruses were found to be lower than usually reported, with species differences despite high heterogeneity between studies. Countries with an improved health surveillance and epidemic response have lower CFR, thereby indicating need for improving early detection and epidemic response in filovirus outbreaks. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27887599/ | https://openalex.org/W2554930001 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_19785757 | OpenAlex | 19,785,757 | null | 10.1186/1471-2334-9-159 | Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegyptiacus | Xavier Pourrut; Marc Souris; Jonathan S. Towner; Pierre E. Rollin; Stuart T. Nichol; Jean‐Paul Gonzalez; Eric M. Leroy | BMC Infectious Diseases | 2,009 | These findings confirm that ZEBOV and MARV co-circulate in Gabon, the only country where bats infected by each virus have been found. IgG antibodies to both viruses were detected only in Rousettus aegyptiacus, suggesting that this bat species may be involved in the natural cycle of both Marburg and Ebola viruses. The presence of MARV in Gabon indicates a potential risk for a first human outbreak. Disease surveillance should be enhanced in areas near caves. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785757/ | https://openalex.org/W1985699976 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1828 | true |
PMID_24046765 | OpenAlex | 24,046,765 | null | 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00267 | Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections | Eri Nakayama; Masayuki Saijo | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2,013 | Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers (EHF and MHF) are caused by the Filoviridae family, Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus (ebolavirus and marburgvirus), respectively. These severe diseases have high mortality rates in humans. Although EHF and MHF are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. A novel filovirus, Lloviu virus, which is genetically distinct from ebolavirus and marburgvirus, was recently discovered in Spain where filoviral hemorrhagic fever had never been reported. The virulence of this virus has not been determined. Ebolavirus and marburgvirus are classified as biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogens and Category A agents, for which the US government requires preparedness in case of bioterrorism. Therefore, preventive measures against these viral hemorrhagic fevers should be prepared, not only in disease-endemic regions, but also in disease-free countries. Diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics need to be developed, and therefore the establishment of animal models for EHF and MHF is invaluable. Several animal models have been developed for EHF and MHF using non-human primates (NHPs) and rodents, which are crucial to understand pathophysiology and to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are representative models of filovirus infection as they exhibit remarkably similar symptoms to those observed in humans. However, the NHP models have practical and ethical problems that limit their experimental use. Furthermore, there are no inbred and genetically manipulated strains of NHP. Rodent models such as mouse, guinea pig, and hamster, have also been developed. However, these rodent models require adaptation of the virus to produce lethal disease and do not mirror all symptoms of human filovirus infection. This review article provides an outline of the clinical features of EHF and MHF in animals, including humans, and discusses how the animal models have been developed to study pathophysiology, vaccines, and therapeutics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24046765/ | https://openalex.org/W2079928928 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1965 | true |
PMID_26063223 | OpenAlex | 26,063,223 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiv284 | Considerations in the Use of Nonhuman Primate Models of Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus Infection: Table 1. | Thomas W. Geisbert; James E. Strong; Heinz Feldmann | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,015 | The filoviruses, Ebola virus and Marburg virus, are zoonotic pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs), with case-fatality rates ranging from 23% to 90%. The current outbreak of Ebola virus infection in West Africa, with >26 000 cases, demonstrates the long-underestimated public health danger that filoviruses pose as natural human pathogens. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments licensed for human use. Licensure of any medical countermeasure may require demonstration of efficacy in the gold standard cynomolgus or rhesus macaque models of filovirus infection. Substantial progress has been made over the last decade in characterizing the filovirus NHP models. However, there is considerable debate over a variety of experimental conditions, including differences among filovirus isolates used, routes and doses of exposure, and euthanasia criteria, all of which may contribute to variability of results among different laboratories. As an example of the importance of understanding these differences, recent data with Ebola virus shows that an addition of a single uridine residue in the glycoprotein gene at the editing site attenuates the virus. Here, we draw on decades of experience working with filovirus-infected NHPs to provide a perspective on the importance of various experimental conditions. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26063223/ | https://openalex.org/W2108356414 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #3773 | true |
PMID_28194016 | Both | 28,194,016 | PMC3879242 | 10.1038/ncomms14446 | Modelling filovirus maintenance in nature by experimental transmission of Marburg virus between Egyptian rousette bats | Amy J. Schuh; Brian R. Amman; Megan Jones; Tara K. Sealy; Luke S. Uebelhoer; Jessica R. Spengler; Brock E. Martin; Jo Ann D. Coleman-McCray; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Nature Communications | 2,017 | Abstract The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a natural reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV); however, the mechanisms by which MARV is transmitted bat-to-bat and to other animals are unclear. Here we co-house MARV-inoculated donor ERBs with naive contact ERBs. MARV shedding is detected in oral, rectal and urine specimens from inoculated bats from 5–19 days post infection. Simultaneously, MARV is detected in oral specimens from contact bats, indicating oral exposure to the virus. In the late study phase, we provide evidence that MARV can be horizontally transmitted from inoculated to contact ERBs by finding MARV RNA in blood and oral specimens from contact bats, followed by MARV IgG antibodies in these same bats. This study demonstrates that MARV can be horizontally transmitted from inoculated to contact ERBs, thereby providing a model for filovirus maintenance in its natural reservoir host and a potential mechanism for virus spillover to other animals. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28194016/ | https://openalex.org/W2588838495 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1755 | true |
PMID_31888676 | OpenAlex | 31,888,676 | null | 10.1186/s12985-019-1272-z | Marburg virus pathogenesis – differences and similarities in humans and animal models | Kyle Shifflett; Andrea Marzi | Virology Journal | 2,019 | Abstract Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly pathogenic virus associated with severe disease and mortality rates as high as 90%. Outbreaks of MARV are sporadic, deadly, and often characterized by a lack of resources and facilities to diagnose and treat patients. There are currently no approved vaccines or treatments, and the chaotic and infrequent nature of outbreaks, among other factors, makes testing new countermeasures during outbreaks ethically and logistically challenging. Without field efficacy studies, researchers must rely on animal models of MARV infection to assess the efficacy of vaccines and treatments, with the limitations being the accuracy of the animal model in recapitulating human pathogenesis. This review will compare various animal models to the available descriptions of human pathogenesis and aims to evaluate their effectiveness in modeling important aspects of Marburg virus disease. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888676/ | https://openalex.org/W2997158122 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #5678 | true |
PMID_38040006 | Both | 38,040,006 | PMC6050668 | 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00515-7 | Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review | Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Kelly McCain; Ruth McCabe; H. Juliette T. Unwin; Patrick Doohan; Rebecca K. Nash; Joseph T. Hicks; Kelly Charniga; Cyril Geismar; Ben Lambert; Dariya Nikitin; Janetta Skarp; Jack Wardle; Mara D. Kont; Sangeeta Bhatia; Natsuko Imai; Sabine van Elsland; Anne Cori; Christian Morgenstern; Aaron Morris; Alpha Forna; Amy Dighe; Anne Cori; Arran Hamlet; Ben Lambert; Charles Whittaker; Christian Morgenstern; Cyril Geismar; Dariya Nikitin; David Jorgensen; Ed Knock; Ettie Unwin; Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Hayley A Thompson; Isobel Routledge; Janetta Skarp; Joseph T. Hicks; Keith Fraser; Kelly Charniga; Kelly McCain; Lily Geidelberg; Lorenzo Cattarino; Mara D. Kont; Marc Baguelin; Natsuko Imai; Nima R. Moghaddas; Patrick Doohan; Ruth McCabe; Sabine van Elsland; Sangeeta Bhatia; Sreejith Radhakrishnan; Zulma M. Cucunubá; Jack Wardle; Jack Wardle | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | 2,023 | The 2023 Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania highlighted the importance of better understanding this lethal pathogen. We did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023393345) of peer-reviewed articles reporting historical outbreaks, modelling studies, and epidemiological parameters focused on Marburg virus disease. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to March 31, 2023. Two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts with consensus-based decision making. To ensure agreement, 13 (31%) of 42 studies were double-extracted and a custom-designed quality assessment questionnaire was used for risk of bias assessment. We present detailed information on 478 reported cases and 385 deaths from Marburg virus disease. Analysis of historical outbreaks and seroprevalence estimates suggests the possibility of undetected Marburg virus disease outbreaks, asymptomatic transmission, or cross-reactivity with other pathogens, or a combination of these. Only one study presented a mathematical model of Marburg virus transmission. We estimate an unadjusted, pooled total random effect case fatality ratio of 61·9% (95% CI 38·8-80·6; I2=93%). We identify epidemiological parameters relating to transmission and natural history, for which there are few estimates. This systematic review and the accompanying database provide a comprehensive overview of Marburg virus disease epidemiology and identify key knowledge gaps, contributing crucial information for mathematical models to support future Marburg virus disease epidemic responses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38040006/ | https://openalex.org/W4389074224 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_25392474 | OpenAlex | 25,392,474 | null | 10.1098/rspb.2014.2124 | Ecological dynamics of emerging bat virus spillover | Raina K. Plowright; Peggy Eby; Peter J. Hudson; Ina Smith; David A. Westcott; W. L. Bryden; Deborah Middleton; Peter A. Reid; R. A. McFarlane; Gerardo Martín; Gary Tabor; Lee F. Skerratt; Dale L. Anderson; Gary Crameri; David Quammen; David Jordan; P. H. Freeman; Lin‐Fa Wang; Jonathan H. Epstein; Glenn A. Marsh; Nina Kung; Hamish McCallum | Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences | 2,014 | Viruses that originate in bats may be the most notorious emerging zoonoses that spill over from wildlife into domestic animals and humans. Understanding how these infections filter through ecological systems to cause disease in humans is of profound importance to public health. Transmission of viruses from bats to humans requires a hierarchy of enabling conditions that connect the distribution of reservoir hosts, viral infection within these hosts, and exposure and susceptibility of recipient hosts. For many emerging bat viruses, spillover also requires viral shedding from bats, and survival of the virus in the environment. Focusing on Hendra virus, but also addressing Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and coronaviruses, we delineate this cross-species spillover dynamic from the within-host processes that drive virus excretion to land-use changes that increase interaction among species. We describe how land-use changes may affect co-occurrence and contact between bats and recipient hosts. Two hypotheses may explain temporal and spatial pulses of virus shedding in bat populations: episodic shedding from persistently infected bats or transient epidemics that occur as virus is transmitted among bat populations. Management of livestock also may affect the probability of exposure and disease. Interventions to decrease the probability of virus spillover can be implemented at multiple levels from targeting the reservoir host to managing recipient host exposure and susceptibility. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25392474/ | https://openalex.org/W2096136553 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1836 | true |
PMID_37771708 | OpenAlex | 37,771,708 | null | 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239079 | Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges | Shriyansh Srivastava; Deepika Sharma; Sachin Kumar; Aditya Kumar Sharma; Rishikesh Rijal; Ankush Asija; Suraj Adhikari; Sarvesh Rustagi; Sanjit Sah; Zahraa Haleem Al‐qaim; Prashant Bashyal; Aroop Mohanty; Joshuan J. Barboza; Alfonso J. Rodríguez‐Morales; Ranjit Sah | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2,023 | The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies depending on the outbreak and virus strain, but the average case fatality rate is around 50%. However, case fatality rates have varied from 24 to 88% in past outbreaks depending on virus strain and case management. Designated a priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, and coagulation issues in both humans and non-human primates. This review presents an extensive exploration of MVD outbreak evolution, virus structure, and genome, as well as the sources and transmission routes of MV, including human-to-human spread and involvement of natural hosts such as the Egyptian fruit bat ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) and other Chiroptera species . The disease progression involves early viral replication impacting immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, followed by damage to the spleen, liver, and secondary lymphoid organs. Subsequent spread occurs to hepatocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. MV can evade host immune response by inhibiting interferon type I (IFN-1) synthesis. This comprehensive investigation aims to enhance understanding of pathophysiology, cellular tropism, and injury sites in the host, aiding insights into MVD causes. Clinical data and treatments are discussed, albeit current methods to halt MVD outbreaks remain elusive. By elucidating MV infection’s history and mechanisms, this review seeks to advance MV disease treatment, drug development, and vaccine creation. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers MV a high-concern filovirus causing severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever, with a death rate ranging from 24 to 88%. The virus often spreads through contact with infected individuals, originating from animals. Visitors to bat habitats like caves or mines face higher risk. We tailored this search strategy for four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. we primarily utilized search terms such as “Marburg virus,” “Epidemiology,” “Vaccine,” “Outbreak,” and “Transmission.” To enhance comprehension of the virus and associated disease, this summary offers a comprehensive overview of MV outbreaks, pathophysiology, and management strategies. Continued research and learning hold promise for preventing and controlling future MVD outbreaks. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37771708/ | https://openalex.org/W4386784428 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_16943403 | Both | 16,943,403 | null | 10.1056/nejmoa051465 | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Multiple Genetic Lineages of Virus | Daniel G. Bausch; Stuart T. Nichol; Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Matthias Borchert; Pierre E. Rollin; Hilde Sleurs; Patricia T. Campbell; F. Kweteminga Tshioko; Catherine Roth; Robert Colebunders; Patricia Pirard; S Mardel; Loku Abisa Olinda; H. Zeller; Antoine Tshomba; Amayo Kulidri; Modeste L. Libande; Sabue Mulangu; Pierre Formenty; Thomas Grein; Herwig Leirs; Leo Braack; Tom Ksiazek; Sherif Zaki; Michael D. Bowen; Sheilagh Smit; Patricia A. Leman; Felicity J. Burt; Alan C. Kemp; Robert Swanepoel | New England Journal of Medicine | 2,006 | Marburg hemorrhagic fever can have a very high case fatality rate. Since multiple genetic variants of virus were identified, ongoing introduction of virus into the population helped perpetuate this outbreak. The findings imply that reservoir hosts of Marburg virus inhabit caves, mines, or similar habitats. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16943403/ | https://openalex.org/W2081913810 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2819 | true |
PMID_9254917 | Both | 9,254,917 | null | 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025820 | The origin and evolution of Ebola and Marburg viruses | Yasuo Suzuki; Takashi Gojobori | Molecular Biology and Evolution | 1,997 | Molecular evolutionary analyses for Ebola and Marburg viruses were conducted with the aim of elucidating evolutionary features of these viruses. In particular, the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions for the glycoprotein gene of Ebola virus was estimated to be, on the average, 3.6 x 10(-5) per site per year. Marburg virus was also suggested to be evolving at a similar rate. Those rates were a hundred times slower than those of retroviruses and human influenza A virus, but were of the same order of magnitude as that of the hepatitis B virus. When these rates were applied to the degree of sequence divergence, the divergence time between Ebola and Marburg viruses was estimated to be more than several thousand years ago. Moreover, most of the nucleotide substitutions were transitions and synonymous for Marburg virus. This suggests that purifying selection has operated on Marburg virus during evolution. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9254917/ | https://openalex.org/W2121586109 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1649 | true |
PMID_26306510 | OpenAlex | 26,306,510 | null | 10.1186/s12862-015-0456-4 | Genomic analysis of codon usage shows influence of mutation pressure, natural selection, and host features on Marburg virus evolution | Izza Nasrullah; Azeem Mehmood Butt; Shifa Tahir; Muhammad Idrees; Yigang Tong | BMC Evolutionary Biology | 2,015 | Abstract Background The Marburg virus (MARV) has a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome, belongs to the family Filoviridae , and is responsible for several outbreaks of highly fatal hemorrhagic fever. Codon usage patterns of viruses reflect a series of evolutionary changes that enable viruses to shape their survival rates and fitness toward the external environment and, most importantly, their hosts. To understand the evolution of MARV at the codon level, we report a comprehensive analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in MARV genomes. Multiple codon analysis approaches and statistical methods were performed to determine overall codon usage patterns, biases in codon usage, and influence of various factors, including mutation pressure, natural selection, and its two hosts, Homo sapiens and Rousettus aegyptiacus . Results Nucleotide composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that MARV shows mutation bias and prefers U- and A-ended codons to code amino acids. Effective number of codons analysis indicated that overall codon usage among MARV genomes is slightly biased. The Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that GC and AU nucleotides were not used proportionally which accounts for the presence of natural selection. Codon usage patterns of MARV were also found to be influenced by its hosts. This indicates that MARV have evolved codon usage patterns that are specific to both of its hosts. Moreover, selection pressure from R. aegyptiacus on the MARV RSCU patterns was found to be dominant compared with that from H. sapiens . Overall, mutation pressure was found to be the most important and dominant force that shapes codon usage patterns in MARV. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first detailed codon usage analysis of MARV and extends our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to codon usage and evolution of MARV. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26306510/ | https://openalex.org/W1926697416 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1959 | true |
PMID_307456 | Both | 307,456 | PMC2395567 | 10.11619/africa1964.1996.49_95 | Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire | Sinroku Otatume | Journal of African Studies | 1,996 | Between 1 September and 24 October 1976, 318 cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern Zaire. The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred. There were 280 deaths, and only 38 serologically confirmed survivors.The index case in this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 1 September 1976, five days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria at the outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH). He had a clinical remission of his malaria symptoms. Within one week several other persons who had received injections at YMH also suffered from Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and almost all subsequent cases had either received injections at the hospital or had had close contact with another case. Most of these occurred during the first four weeks of the epidemic, after which time the hospital was closed, 11 of the 17 staff members having died of the disease. All ages and both sexes were affected, but women 15-29 years of age had the highest incidence of disease, a phenomenon strongly related to attendance at prenatal and outpatient clinics at the hospital where they received injections. The overall secondary attack rate was about 5%, although it ranged to 20% among close relatives such as spouses, parent or child, and brother or sister.Active surveillance disclosed that cases occurred in 55 of some 550 villages which were examined house-by-house. The disease was hitherto unknown to the people of the affected region. Intensive search for cases in the area of north-eastern Zaire between the Bumba Zone and the Sudan frontier near Nzara and Maridi failed to detect definite evidence of a link between an epidemic of the disease in that country and the outbreak near Bumba. Nevertheless it was established that people can and do make the trip between Nzara and Bumba in not more than four days: thus it was regarded as quite possible that an infected person had travelled from Sudan to Yambuku and transferred the virus to a needle of the hospital while receiving an injection at the outpatient clinic.Both the incubation period, and the duration of the clinical disease averaged about one week. After 3-4 days of non-specific symptoms and signs, patients typically experienced progressively severe sore throat, developed a maculopapular rash, had intractable abdominal pain, and began to bleed from multiple sites, principally the gastrointestinal tract. Although laboratory determinations were limited and not conclusive, it was concluded that pathogenesis of the disease included non-icteric hepatitis and possibly acute pancreatitis as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation.This syndrome was caused by a virus morphologically similar to Marburg virus, but immunologically distinct. It was named Ebola virus. The agent was isolated from the blood of 8 of 10 suspected cases using Vero cell cultures. Titrations of serial specimens obtained from one patient disclosed persistent viraemia of 10(6.5)-10(4.5) infectious units from the third day of illness until death on the eighth day. Ebola virus particles were found in formalin- | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/307456/ | https://openalex.org/W1987080862 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2916 | true |
PMID_25375951 | Both | 25,375,951 | PMC2713404 | 10.7589/2014-08-198 | ORAL SHEDDING OF MARBURG VIRUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED EGYPTIAN FRUIT BATS ( <i>ROUSETTUS AEGYPTIACUS</i> ) | Brian R. Amman; Megan Jones; Tara K. Sealy; Luke S. Uebelhoer; Amy J. Schuh; Brian H. Bird; JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray; Brock E. Martin; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Journal of Wildlife Diseases | 2,014 | Marburg virus (Marburg marburgvirus; MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) in Africa. The Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been identified as a natural reservoir based most-recently on the repeated isolation of MARV directly from bats caught at two locations in southwestern Uganda where miners and tourists separately contracted MHF from 2007-08. Despite learning much about the ecology of MARV through extensive field investigations, there remained unanswered questions such as determining the primary routes of virus shedding and the severity of disease, if any, caused by MARV in infected bats. To answer these questions and others, we experimentally infected captive-bred R. aegyptiacus with MARV under high (biosafety level 4) containment. These experiments have shown infection profiles consistent with R. aegyptiacus being a bona fide natural reservoir host for MARV and demonstrated routes of viral shedding capable of infecting humans and other animals. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375951/ | https://openalex.org/W2135335521 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2868 | true |
PMID_569445 | Both | 569,445 | null | 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.1210 | Epidemiologic Investigation of Marburg Virus Disease, Southern Africa, 1975 | Jonas Conrad; M Isaäcson; Eric Burnett Smith; Herta Wulff; Megan Crees; Piet Geldenhuys; James C. Johnston | American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 1,978 | During the first 10 days of February 1975, an Australian hitchhiker contracted Marburg virus disease while traveling through Rhodesia and died; the infection was subsequently passed to two other persons, who recovered. Investigators retraced the hitchhiker's steps in March and again in June 1975 in an effort to uncover the natural reservoir of the virus and determine how it was transmitted. Serum samples were collected from humans and animals wherever the patient had come in close contact with animals or insects. Arthropods of various types were collected in June 1975 and again in February 1976 for virus isolation attempts; at no time did the patient come in direct contact with nonhuman primates of any kind, or any other animals. Indirect contact with bats, monkeys, and birds through aerosols was possible, though at some distance. Direct contact with arthropods occurred throughout the trip; on several occasions it was notably severe. We believe that during this outbreak the first Marburg virus infection occurred by vector-borne transmission from an arthropod yet to be identified, and that patients 2 and 3 acquired the disease by exposure to the oropharyngeal secretions of patients 1 and 2, respectively. Studies are underway to identify the species of arthropod involved in this transmission. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/569445/ | https://openalex.org/W28508157 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2573 | true |
PMID_25142608 | OpenAlex | 25,142,608 | null | 10.1128/jvi.01643-14 | Establishment and Characterization of a Lethal Mouse Model for the Angola Strain of Marburg Virus | Xiangguo Qiu; Jonathan Audet; Todd Cutts; Yulian Niu; Stephanie A. Booth; Gary Wong; Gary P. Kobinger | Journal of Virology | 2,014 | ABSTRACT Infections with Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) with fatality rates up to 90%. A number of experimental vaccine and treatment platforms have previously been shown to be protective against EBOV infection. However, the rate of development for prophylactics and therapeutics against MARV has been lower in comparison, possibly because a small-animal model is not widely available. Here we report the development of a mouse model for studying the pathogenesis of MARV Angola (MARV/Ang), the most virulent strain of MARV. Infection with the wild-type virus does not cause disease in mice, but the adapted virus (MARV/Ang-MA) recovered from liver homogenates after 24 serial passages in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice caused severe disease when administered intranasally (i.n.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) was determined to be 0.015 50% TCID 50 (tissue culture infective dose) of MARV/Ang-MA in SCID mice, and i.p. infection at a dose of 1,000× LD 50 resulted in death between 6 and 8 days postinfection in SCID mice. Similar results were obtained with immunocompetent BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice challenged i.p. with 2,000× LD 50 of MARV/Ang-MA. Virological and pathological analyses of MARV/Ang-MA-infected BALB/c mice revealed that the associated pathology was reminiscent of observations made in NHPs with MARV/Ang. MARV/Ang-MA-infected mice showed most of the clinical hallmarks observed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever, including lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, marked liver damage, and uncontrolled viremia. Virus titers reached 10 8 TCID 50 /ml in the blood and between 10 6 and 10 10 TCID 50 /g tissue in the intestines, kidney, lungs, brain, spleen, and liver. This model provides an important tool to screen candidate vaccines and therapeutics against MARV infections. IMPORTANCE The Angola strain of Marburg virus (MARV/Ang) was responsible for the largest outbreak ever documented for Marburg viruses. With a 90% fatality rate, it is similar to Ebola virus, which makes it one of the most lethal viruses known to humans. There are currently no approved interventions for Marburg virus, in part because a small-animal model that is vulnerable to MARV/Ang infection is not available to screen and test potential vaccines and therapeutics in a quick and economical manner. To address this need, we have adapted MARV/Ang so that it causes illness in mice resulting in death. The signs of disease in these mice are reminiscent of wild-type MARV/Ang infections in humans and nonhuman primates. We believe that this will be of help in accelerating the development of life-saving measures against Marburg virus infections. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142608/ | https://openalex.org/W2004688512 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1821 | true |
PMID_23055920 | Both | 23,055,920 | PMC3203392 | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002877 | Seasonal Pulses of Marburg Virus Circulation in Juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Coincide with Periods of Increased Risk of Human Infection | Brian R. Amman; Serena A. Carroll; Zachary Reed; Tara K. Sealy; Stephen Balinandi; Robert Swanepoel; Alan C. Kemp; Bobbie R. Erickson; James A. Comer; Shelley Campbell; Deborah Cannon; Marina L. Khristova; Patrick Atimnedi; Christopher D. Paddock; Rebekah J. Kent Crockett; Timothy D. Flietstra; Kelly L. Warfield; Robert C. Unfer; Edward Katongole‐Mbidde; R. G. Downing; Jordan W. Tappero; Sherif R. Zaki; Pierre E. Rollin; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | PLoS Pathogens | 2,012 | Marburg virus (family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Bats have been implicated as likely natural reservoir hosts based most recently on an investigation of cases among miners infected in 2007 at the Kitaka mine, Uganda, which contained a large population of Marburg virus-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. Described here is an ecologic investigation of Python Cave, Uganda, where an American and a Dutch tourist acquired Marburg virus infection in December 2007 and July 2008. More than 40,000 R. aegyptiacus were found in the cave and were the sole bat species present. Between August 2008 and November 2009, 1,622 bats were captured and tested for Marburg virus. Q-RT-PCR analysis of bat liver/spleen tissues indicated ~2.5% of the bats were actively infected, seven of which yielded Marburg virus isolates. Moreover, Q-RT-PCR-positive lung, kidney, colon and reproductive tissues were found, consistent with potential for oral, urine, fecal or sexual transmission. The combined data for R. aegyptiacus tested from Python Cave and Kitaka mine indicate low level horizontal transmission throughout the year. However, Q-RT-PCR data show distinct pulses of virus infection in older juvenile bats (~six months of age) that temporarily coincide with the peak twice-yearly birthing seasons. Retrospective analysis of historical human infections suspected to have been the result of discrete spillover events directly from nature found 83% (54/65) events occurred during these seasonal pulses in virus circulation, perhaps demonstrating periods of increased risk of human infection. The discovery of two tags at Python Cave from bats marked at Kitaka mine, together with the close genetic linkages evident between viruses detected in geographically distant locations, are consistent with R. aegyptiacus bats existing as a large meta-population with associated virus circulation over broad geographic ranges. These findings provide a basis for developing Marburg hemorrhagic fever risk reduction strategies. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23055920/ | https://openalex.org/W2131851182 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2869 | true |
PMID_30202878 | OpenAlex | 30,202,878 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiy435 | Infection Rates and Risk Factors for Infection Among Health Workers During Ebola and Marburg Virus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review | Saranya Selvaraj; Karen Lee; Mason Harrell; Ivan Ivanov; Benedetta Allegranzi | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | Many outbreaks reported high proportions of infected HWs. Similar HW infection rates and exposure risk factors in both past and recent EVD and MVD outbreaks emphasize the need to improve the implementation of appropriate infection control measures consistently across all healthcare settings. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30202878/ | https://openalex.org/W2890805251 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1737 | true |
PMID_17712412 | Both | 17,712,412 | PMC1488971 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0000764 | Marburg Virus Infection Detected in a Common African Bat | Jonathan S. Towner; Xavier Pourrut; César G. Albariño; Chimène Nze-Nkogue; Brian H. Bird; Gilda Grard; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Jean‐Paul Gonzalez; Stuart T. Nichol; Eric M. Leroy | PLoS ONE | 2,007 | Marburg and Ebola viruses can cause large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with high case fatality (80-90%) in human and great apes. Identification of the natural reservoir of these viruses is one of the most important topics in this field and a fundamental key to understanding their natural history. Despite the discovery of this virus family almost 40 years ago, the search for the natural reservoir of these lethal pathogens remains an enigma despite numerous ecological studies. Here, we report the discovery of Marburg virus in a common species of fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Gabon as shown by finding virus-specific RNA and IgG antibody in individual bats. These Marburg virus positive bats represent the first naturally infected non-primate animals identified. Furthermore, this is the first report of Marburg virus being present in this area of Africa, thus extending the known range of the virus. These data imply that more areas are at risk for MHF outbreaks than previously realized and correspond well with a recently published report in which three species of fruit bats were demonstrated to be likely reservoirs for Ebola virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712412/ | https://openalex.org/W2054554285 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1612 | true |
PMID_32479636 | Both | 32,479,636 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiaa290 | Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Efficacious in Cynomolgus Macaques Infected With Marburg Virus | Danielle Porter; Jessica M. Weidner; Laura Gomba; Roy Bannister; Christiana Blair; Robert Jordan; Jay Wells; Kelly S. Wetzel; Nicole L. Garza; Sean Van Tongeren; Ginger Donnelly; Jesse Steffens; Alicia M. Moreau; Jeremy J. Bearss; Eric Lee; Sina Bavari; Tomáš Cihlář; Travis K. Warren | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,020 | Abstract Marburg virus (MARV) is a filovirus with documented human case-fatality rates of up to 90%. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734) in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with MARV. Beginning 4 or 5 days post inoculation, cynomolgus macaques were treated once daily for 12 days with vehicle, 5 mg/kg remdesivir, or a 10-mg/kg loading dose followed by 5 mg/kg remdesivir. All vehicle-control animals died, whereas 83% of animals receiving a 10-mg/kg loading dose of remdesivir survived, as did 50% of animals receiving a 5-mg/kg remdesivir regimen. Remdesivir-treated animals exhibited improved clinical scores, lower plasma viral RNA, and improved markers of kidney function, liver function, and coagulopathy versus vehicle-control animals. The small molecule remdesivir showed therapeutic efficacy in this Marburg virus disease model with treatment initiation 5 days post inoculation, supporting further assessment of remdesivir for the treatment of Marburg virus disease in humans. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32479636/ | https://openalex.org/W3030369399 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5622 | true |
PMID_27489944 | OpenAlex | 27,489,944 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004796 | Transmission or Within-Host Dynamics Driving Pulses of Zoonotic Viruses in Reservoir–Host Populations | Raina K. Plowright; Alison J. Peel; Daniel G. Streicker; Amy T. Gilbert; Hamish McCallum; James L. N. Wood; Michelle L. Baker; Olivier Restif | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,016 | Progress in combatting zoonoses that emerge from wildlife is often constrained by limited knowledge of the biology of pathogens within reservoir hosts. We focus on the host-pathogen dynamics of four emerging viruses associated with bats: Hendra, Nipah, Ebola, and Marburg viruses. Spillover of bat infections to humans and domestic animals often coincides with pulses of viral excretion within bat populations, but the mechanisms driving such pulses are unclear. Three hypotheses dominate current research on these emerging bat infections. First, pulses of viral excretion could reflect seasonal epidemic cycles driven by natural variations in population densities and contact rates among hosts. If lifelong immunity follows recovery, viruses may disappear locally but persist globally through migration; in either case, new outbreaks occur once births replenish the susceptible pool. Second, epidemic cycles could be the result of waning immunity within bats, allowing local circulation of viruses through oscillating herd immunity. Third, pulses could be generated by episodic shedding from persistently infected bats through a combination of physiological and ecological factors. The three scenarios can yield similar patterns in epidemiological surveys, but strategies to predict or manage spillover risk resulting from each scenario will be different. We outline an agenda for research on viruses emerging from bats that would allow for differentiation among the scenarios and inform development of evidence-based interventions to limit threats to human and animal health. These concepts and methods are applicable to a wide range of pathogens that affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489944/ | https://openalex.org/W2467600727 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1835 | true |
PMID_19649327 | OpenAlex | 19,649,327 | null | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000536 | Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats | Jonathan S. Towner; Brian R. Amman; Tara K. Sealy; Serena A. Carroll; James A. Comer; Alan C. Kemp; Robert Swanepoel; Christopher D. Paddock; Stephen Balinandi; Marina L. Khristova; Pierre Formenty; César G. Albariño; David Miller; Zachary Reed; John Kayiwa; James N. Mills; Deborah Cannon; Patricia W. Greer; Emmanuel Byaruhanga; Eileen C. Farnon; Patrick Atimnedi; Samuel Okware; Edward Katongole‐Mbidde; R. G. Downing; Jordan W. Tappero; Sherif R. Zaki; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol; Pierre E. Rollin | PLoS Pathogens | 2,009 | In July and September 2007, miners working in Kitaka Cave, Uganda, were diagnosed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever. The likely source of infection in the cave was Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) based on detection of Marburg virus RNA in 31/611 (5.1%) bats, virus-specific antibody in bat sera, and isolation of genetically diverse virus from bat tissues. The virus isolates were collected nine months apart, demonstrating long-term virus circulation. The bat colony was estimated to be over 100,000 animals using mark and re-capture methods, predicting the presence of over 5,000 virus-infected bats. The genetically diverse virus genome sequences from bats and miners closely matched. These data indicate common Egyptian fruit bats can represent a major natural reservoir and source of Marburg virus with potential for spillover into humans. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19649327/ | https://openalex.org/W2109152434 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #3857 | true |
PMID_26589246 | Both | 26,589,246 | PMC1675587 | 10.1093/ije/dyv307 | Risk factors for transmission of Ebola or Marburg virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Julii Brainard; Lee Hooper; Katherine Pond; Kelly Edmunds; Paul Hunter | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2,015 | Transmission of filovirus is unlikely except through close contact, especially during the most severe stages of acute illness. More data are needed about the context, intimacy and timing of contact required to raise the odds of disease transmission. Risk factors specific to urban settings may need to be determined. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26589246/ | https://openalex.org/W2277390423 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2741 | true |
DOI_38de5479ac43 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1101/2023.07.10.23292424 | Marburg Virus Disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a Systematic Review | Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Kelly McCain; Ruth McCabe; H. Juliette T. Unwin; Patrick Doohan; Rebecca K. Nash; Joseph T. Hicks; Kelly Charniga; Cyril Geismar; Ben Lambert; Dariya Nikitin; Janetta Skarp; Jack Wardle; Mara D. Kont; Sangeeta Bhatia; Natsuko Imai; Sabine van Elsland; Anne Cori; Christian Morgenstern; Christian Morgenstern | null | 2,023 | Abstract Background Recent Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania highlighted the importance of better understanding this highly lethal infectious pathogen. Past epidemics of Ebola, COVID-19, and other pathogens have re-emphasised the usefulness of mathematical models in guiding public health responses during outbreaks. Methods We conducted a systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023393345) and reported according to PRISMA guidelines, of peer-reviewed papers reporting historical out-breaks, modelling studies and epidemiological parameters focused on MVD, including contextual information. We searched PubMed and Web of Science until 31st March 2023. Two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts, with consensus-based decision-making. To ensure agreement, 31% (13/42) of studies were double-extracted and a custom-designed quality assessment questionnaire was used to assess the risk of bias. Findings We present detailed outbreak, model and parameter information on 970 reported cases and 818 deaths from MVD until 31 March 2023. Analysis of historical outbreaks and sero-prevalence estimates suggests the possibility of undetected MVD outbreaks, asymptomatic transmission and/or cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Only one study presented a mathematical model of MVD transmission. We estimate an unadjusted, pooled total random effect case fatality ratio for MVD of 61.9% (95% CI: 38.8-80.6%, I 2 =93%). We identify key epidemiological parameters relating to transmission and natural history for which there are few estimates. Interpretation This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of MVD, identifying key knowledge gaps about this pathogen. The extensive collection of knowledge gathered here will be crucial in developing mathematical models for use in the early stages of future outbreaks of MVD. All data are published alongside this article with functionality to easily update the database as new data become available. Funding MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Research in Context Evidence before this study We searched Web of Science and PubMed up to 31 March 2023 using the search terms Marburg virus, epidemiology, outbreaks, models, transmissibility, severity, delays, risk factors, mutation rates and seroprevalence. We found five systematic reviews, all of which considered MVD alongside Ebola virus disease (EVD). One modelling study of Marburg virus disease (MVD) focused on animals, and not on computational models to understand past or project future disease transmission. One systematic review collated risk factors for transmission based on four MVD studies, but did not report attack rates due to missing underlying MVD estimates; another systematic review pooled estimates of MVD case fatality ratios (CFR): 53.8% (95% CI: 26.5–80.0%) and seroprevalence: 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–2.0%). No systematic review covered transmission models of MVD, and the impact of public health and social measures is unknown. Added value of this study We provide a comprehensive summary of the available, peer-reviewed literature of historical outbreaks, transmission models and parameters for MVD. Meta-analysis of existing estimates of CFRs, and our original estimates based on historical outbreak information, illustrate the severity of MVD with our pooled random effect estimated CFR of 61.9% (95% CI: 38.8-80.6%, I 2 =93%). We demonstrate the sparsity of evidence on MVD transmission and disease dynamics, particularly on transmissibility and natural history, which are key input parameters for computational models supporting outbreak response. Our work highlights key areas where further disease characterization is necessary. Implications of all the available evidence Previous outbreaks of infectious pathogens emphasized the usefulness of computational modelling in assessing epidemic trajectories and the impact of mitigation strategies. Our study provides necessary information for using mathematical models in future outbreaks of MVD, identifies uncertainties and knowledge gaps in MVD transmission and natural history, and highlights the severity of MVD. | http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.10.23292424 | https://openalex.org/W4384024570 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_30883555 | OpenAlex | 30,883,555 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007257 | Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory findings | Luke Nyakarahuka; Trevor Shoemaker; Stephen Balinandi; Godfrey Chemos; Benon Kwesiga; Sophia Mulei; Jackson Kyondo; Alex Tumusiime; Aaron Kofman; Ben Masiira; Shannon Whitmer; Shelley Brown; Debi Cannon; Cheng‐Feng Chiang; James Graziano; Maria Morales-Betoulle; Ketan Patel; Sara Zufan; Innocent Komakech; Nasan Natseri; Philip Musobo Chepkwurui; Bernard Lubwama; Jude Okiria; Joshua Kayiwa; Innocent Harbert Nkonwa; Patricia Eyu; Lydia Nakiire; Edward Chelangat Okarikod; Leonard Cheptoyek; Barasa Emmanuel Wangila; Michael Wanje; Patrick Tusiime; Lilian Bulage; Henry Mwebesa; Alex Riolexus Ario; Issa Makumbi; Anne Nakinsige; Allan Muruta; Miriam Nanyunja; Jaco Homsy; Bao‐Ping Zhu; Lisa Nelson; Pontiano Kaleebu; Pierre E. Rollin; Stuart T. Nichol; John D. Klena; Julius J. Lutwama | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,019 | This outbreak of MVD occurred as a family cluster with no additional transmission outside of the four related cases. Rapid case detection, prompt laboratory testing at the Uganda National VHF Reference Laboratory and presence of pre-trained, well-prepared national and district rapid response teams facilitated the containment and control of this outbreak within one month, preventing nationwide and global transmission of the disease. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30883555/ | https://openalex.org/W2922424439 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4747 | true |
PMID_26209681 | Both | 26,209,681 | PMC3437705 | 10.1093/infdis/jiv351 | Multidistrict Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease—Uganda, 2012 | Barbara Knust; Ilana J. Schafer; Joseph Francis Wamala; Luke Nyakarahuka; Charles Okot; Trevor Shoemaker; Kimberly A. Dodd; Aridth Gibbons; Stephen Balinandi; Alex Tumusiime; Shelley Campbell; Edmund Newman; Estrella Lasry; Hilde Declerck; Yap Boum; Issa Makumbi; Henry Kyobe Bosa; Anthony K. Mbonye; Jane Ruth Aceng; Stuart T. Nichol; Ute Ströher; Pierre E. Rollin | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,015 | In October 2012, a cluster of illnesses and deaths was reported in Uganda and was confirmed to be an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Patients meeting the case criteria were interviewed using a standard investigation form, and blood specimens were tested for evidence of acute or recent Marburg virus infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total count of confirmed and probable MVD cases was 26, of which 15 (58%) were fatal. Four of 15 laboratory-confirmed cases (27%) were fatal. Case patients were located in 4 different districts in Uganda, although all chains of transmission originated in Ibanda District, and the earliest case detected had an onset in July 2012. No zoonotic exposures were identified. Symptoms significantly associated with being a MVD case included hiccups, anorexia, fatigue, vomiting, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Contact with a case patient and attending a funeral were also significantly associated with being a case. Average RT-PCR cycle threshold values for fatal cases during the acute phase of illness were significantly lower than those for nonfatal cases. Following the institution of contact tracing, active case surveillance, care of patients with isolation precautions, community mobilization, and rapid diagnostic testing, the outbreak was successfully contained 14 days after its initial detection. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26209681/ | https://openalex.org/W2268158888 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #3605 | true |
PMID_15078595 | OpenAlex | 15,078,595 | null | 10.3201/eid1001.030125 | Ecologic and Geographic Distribution of Filovirus Disease | A. Townsend Peterson; John Bauer; James N. Mills | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,004 | We used ecologic niche modeling of outbreaks and sporadic cases of filovirus-associated hemorrhagic fever (HF) to provide a large-scale perspective on the geographic and ecologic distributions of Ebola and Marburg viruses. We predicted that filovirus would occur across the Afrotropics: Ebola HF in the humid rain forests of central and western Africa, and Marburg HF in the drier and more open areas of central and eastern Africa. Most of the predicted geographic extent of Ebola HF appear to have been observed; Marburg HF has the potential to occur farther south and east. Ecologic conditions appropriate for Ebola HF are also present in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, where Ebola Reston is hypothesized to be distributed. This first large-scale ecologic analysis provides a framework for a more informed search for taxa that could constitute the natural reservoir for this virus family. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15078595/ | https://openalex.org/W2169669039 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1856 | true |
PMID_36209757 | Both | 36,209,757 | null | 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00258-0 | Marburg virus outbreak in 2022: a public health concern | Yusha Araf; Sumaiya Tasnim Maliha; Jingbo Zhai; Chunfu Zheng | The Lancet Microbe | 2,022 | Marburg virus—discovered by virologists in Marburg following a 19761WHOMarburg virus disease.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-diseaseDate: August, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar outbreak in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar—is a member of the Filoviridae family and is as deadly as Ebola virus,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar also a member of Filoviridae. Marburg virus can be transmitted to humans from fruit bats and spread through human-to-human transmission.1WHOMarburg virus disease.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-diseaseDate: August, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar In 2004, Angola, in central Africa, faced the largest known outbreak of Marburg virus disease,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar which had a 90% fatality rate, with 227 deaths among 252 infected people.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar, 3CIDRAPAngola declares worst Marburg outbreak over.https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2005/11/angola-declares-worst-marburg-outbreak-overDate: Nov, 10, 2005Date accessed: September 6, 2022Google Scholar In July, 2022, after almost 18 years, two cases of Marburg virus disease were identified in the Ashanti region of Ghana, in west Africa.4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar According to WHO, the risk of this 2022 outbreak spreading is high at the national level and low at the global level.4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar However, there is a risk that this outbreak will spread to other nations because the first reported patient with Marburg virus disease had travelled from Ghana's Western region (which borders Côte d'Ivoire) to the Ashanti region a few days before symptom onset. Like Ebola virus, Marburg virus spreads from human to human through the bodily fluids of infected people.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar Thus, a patient's family members and health workers could become infected by treating the infected person. Because the incubation period of Marburg virus could be up to 3 weeks, increasing globalisation and international travel increase the risk of global spread,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar creating the potential for a pandemic and major public health threat given the high fatality rate of the disease. Concerningly, no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are currently approved for Marburg virus disease.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar With no therapeutics and a high fatality rate, future outbreaks and a pandemic remain possible. Therefore, urgent consideration of Marburg virus disease and ways in which to prevent a pandemic due to this virus is essential. Vaccines against Marburg virus need to be developed, and antivirals specific to the virus need to be produced. Governments of all countries should ensure the availability of therapeutics for Marburg virus disease for their citizens. Most importantly, measures should be taken immediately to prevent further transmission in the three regions of Ghana (Ashanti, Savannah, and Western regions)4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar in which contacts of the two confirmed cases have been identified. Preventing transmission of the virus in these affected areas of Ghana can limit risk of global spread. Additionally, it would be beneficial to initiate programmes worldwide, through mass media and social media, to increase awareness among the general population regarding Marburg virus disease and the associated risks of bat-to-human and human-to-human transmission. Raising concern early among people worldwide is essential to preventing a future outbreak and possible pandemic of Marburg virus disease. We declare no competing interests. YA and STM contributed equally. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36209757/ | https://openalex.org/W4302759310 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #5294 | true |
PMID_811315 | Both | 811,315 | PMC1675587 | 10.1136/bmj.4.5995.489 | Outbreake of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. | J Gear; G A Cassel; A J Gear; B Trappler; Louise Nygaard Clausen; A.M. Meyers; M C Kew; T. H. Bothwell; R Sher; G B Miller; Josef Schneider; H J Koornhof; Gomperts Ed; M Isaäcson; J. H. S. Gear | BMJ | 1,975 | The first recognised outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and the first since the original epidemic in West Germany and Yugoslavia in 1967, occurred in South Africa in February 1975. The primary case was in a young Australian man , who was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital after having toured Rhodesia. Two secondary cases occurred, one being in the first patient's travelling companion, and the other in a nurse. Features of the illness included high fever, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea, hepatitis, a characteristic maculopapular rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a bleeding tendency. The first patient died on the seventh day from haemorrhage resulting from a combination of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. The other two patients were given vigorous supportive treatment and prophylactic heparin and recovered after an acute phase lasting about seven days. During this period on developed pancreatitis, the serum amylase remaining raised until the 32nd day after the onset of the illness. The other developed unilateral uveitis after having been asymptomatic for two months. This persisted for several weeks and Marburg virus was cultured from the anterior chamber of the eye. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/811315/ | https://openalex.org/W1979049945 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #3795 | true |
PMID_23029039 | Both | 23,029,039 | PMC1626099 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0045479 | Virological and Serological Findings in Rousettus aegyptiacus Experimentally Inoculated with Vero Cells-Adapted Hogan Strain of Marburg Virus | Janusz T. Pawęska; Petrus Jansen van Vuren; Justin Masumu; Patricia A. Leman; Antoinette A. Grobbelaar; Monica Birkhead; Sarah J. Clift; Robert Swanepoel; Alan C. Kemp | PLoS ONE | 2,012 | The Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, is currently regarded as a potential reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV). However, the modes of transmission, the level of viral replication, tissue tropism and viral shedding pattern remains to be described. Captive-bred R. aegyptiacus, including adult males, females and pups were exposed to MARV by different inoculation routes. Blood, tissues, feces and urine from 9 bats inoculated by combination of nasal and oral routes were all negative for the virus and ELISA IgG antibody could not be demonstrated for up to 21 days post inoculation (p.i.). In 21 bats inoculated by a combination of intraperitoneal/subcutaneous route, viremia and the presence of MARV in different tissues was detected on days 2-9 p.i., and IgG antibody on days 9-21 p.i. In 3 bats inoculated subcutaneously, viremia was detected on days 5 and 8 (termination of experiment), with virus isolation from different organs. MARV could not be detected in urine, feces or oral swabs in any of the 3 experimental groups. However, it was detected in tissues which might contribute to horizontal or vertical transmission, e.g. lung, intestines, kidney, bladder, salivary glands, and female reproductive tract. Viremia lasting at least 5 days could also facilitate MARV mechanical transmission by blood sucking arthropods and infections of susceptible vertebrate hosts by direct contact with infected blood. All bats were clinically normal and no gross pathology was identified on post mortem examination. This work confirms the susceptibility of R. aegyptiacus to infection with MARV irrespective of sex and age and contributes to establishing a bat-filovirus experimental model. Further studies are required to uncover the mode of MARV transmission, and to investigate the putative role of R. aegyptiacus as a reservoir host. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23029039/ | https://openalex.org/W2039607104 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1868 | true |
PMID_15937495 | Both | 15,937,495 | null | 10.1038/nm1258 | Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses | Steven J.M. Jones; Heinz Feldmann; Ute Ströher; Joan B. Geisbert; Lisa Fernando; Allen Grolla; Hans-Dieter Klenk; Nancy J. Sullivan; Viktor E. Volchkov; Elizabeth A. Fritz; Kathleen M Daddario; Lisa E. Hensley; Peter B. Jahrling; Thomas W. Geisbert | Nature Medicine | 2,005 | Vaccines and therapies are urgently needed to address public health needs stemming from emerging pathogens and biological threat agents such as the filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Here, we developed replication-competent vaccines against EBOV and MARV based on attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing either the EBOV glycoprotein or MARV glycoprotein. A single intramuscular injection of the EBOV or MARV vaccine elicited completely protective immune responses in nonhuman primates against lethal EBOV or MARV challenges. Notably, vaccine vector shedding was not detectable in the monkeys and none of the animals developed fever or other symptoms of illness associated with vaccination. The EBOV vaccine induced humoral and apparent cellular immune responses in all vaccinated monkeys, whereas the MARV vaccine induced a stronger humoral than cellular immune response. No evidence of EBOV or MARV replication was detected in any of the protected animals after challenge. Our data suggest that these vaccine candidates are safe and highly efficacious in a relevant animal model. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15937495/ | https://openalex.org/W2030292647 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2587 | true |
PMID_23202446 | OpenAlex | 23,202,446 | null | 10.3390/v4101878 | Forty-Five Years of Marburg Virus Research | Kristina Brauburger; Adam J. Hume; Elke Mühlberger; Judith Olejnik | Viruses | 2,012 | In 1967, the first reported filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreak took place in Germany and the former Yugoslavia. The causative agent that was identified during this outbreak, Marburg virus, is one of the most deadly human pathogens. This article provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about Marburg virus disease ranging from ecology to pathogenesis and molecular biology. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23202446/ | https://openalex.org/W2133984373 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2735 | true |
PMID_9988154 | Both | 9,988,154 | null | 10.1086/514322 | An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease | CJ Peters; James W. LeDuc | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 1,999 | A number of colleagues, both in the laboratory and in the field, agreed to prepare reports reflecting recent research, thus permitting this supplement to the Journal of Infectious Dis- Ebola, the Second Known Filovirus eases, which provides a single source for substantial new, peerreviewed information. We have somewhat arbitrarily divided Humans Meet Ebola Virus in Africa, 1976 the supplement into the categories of clinical observations; In the late 1970s, the international community was again epidemiology and surveillance; ecology and natural history; startled, this time by the discovery of Ebola virus [10] as the virology and pathogenesis; experimental therapy; control, re- causative agent of major outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in the sponse, prevention; and conclusions. ‘‘Ebola,’’ however, is not Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) [11] and Sudan [12]. just one Ebola: There are 4 distinguishable subtypes, whose International scientific teams that arrived to deal with these phylogenetic tree is shown on page iii of this supplement [1 ‐ highly virulent epidemics found that transmission had largely 3]. Because the subtypes, which may even be different virus ceased; however, they could reconstruct considerable data from species, have differing properties, we have grouped the papers the survivors. Medical facilities had been closed because of by the subtype discussed within each subject area. the high death toll among the staff, thus eliminating major centers for dissemination of infection through the use of unsterilized needles and syringes and the lack of barrier-nursing techMarburg, the First Known Filovirus niques. In contrast, patients in the affected villages were segreBiomedical science first encountered the virus family Filovi- gated through traditional methods of quarantine, a step that ridae when Marburg virus appeared in 1967 [4]. At that time, controlled the situation outside the clinics. Much of the inforcommercial laboratory workers with a severe and unusual dis- mation concerning these outbreaks has been previously summaease were admitted to a hospital in Marburg, Germany. The rized [13]. attending physician recognized the distinctive clinical picture The international alarm and research efforts that arose in as additional cases appeared, and an investigation led to the response to these outbreaks quickly dwindled when the only isolation and identification of the immediate source of the virus convincing evidence that Ebola virus infections were continuas green monkeys imported from Africa for use in research ing among humans consisted of a small outbreak in the Sudan and vaccine production. The monkeys, some of which had been in 1979 [14] and 1 case in Tandala, DRC, in 1977 [15]. shipped to Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Yugoslavia, were euthanatized, and the epidemic was contained with only 31 human cases and one generation of secondary transmission Ebola Virus Visits the United States: The Virus Family Grows to health care workers and family members. Nevertheless, the In 1989, Ebola surprised us once more when it appeared in bizarre morphology of the virions, the 23% human mortality, monkeys imported into a Reston, Virginia, primate facility and the failure to identify the natural history of the virus left outside of Washington, DC. Epidemics in cynomolgus monfear among many who were concerned with the role of viruses keys (Macaca fascicularis) occurred in this facility and others in human economy. Quarantine procedures were put in place through 1992 [16 ‐ 17] and recurred in 1996, as reported in this | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9988154/ | https://openalex.org/W1991345768 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1857 | true |
PMID_12089242 | Both | 12,089,242 | PMC1586880 | 10.1128/jcm.40.7.2323-2330.2002 | Rapid Detection and Quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg Viruses, Lassa Virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, Dengue Virus, and Yellow Fever Virus by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR | Christian Drosten; Stephan Göttig; Stefan Schilling; Marcel Asper; Marcus Panning; Herbert Schmitz; Stephan Günther | Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2,002 | ABSTRACT Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are acute infections with high case fatality rates. Important VHF agents are Ebola and Marburg viruses (MBGV/EBOV), Lassa virus (LASV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). VHFs are clinically difficult to diagnose and to distinguish; a rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis is required in suspected cases. We have established six one-step, real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays for these pathogens based on the Superscript reverse transcriptase-Platinum Taq polymerase enzyme mixture. Novel primers and/or 5′-nuclease detection probes were designed for RVFV, DENV, YFV, and CCHFV by using the latest DNA database entries. PCR products were detected in real time on a LightCycler instrument by using 5′-nuclease technology (RVFV, DENV, and YFV) or SybrGreen dye intercalation (MBGV/EBOV, LASV, and CCHFV). The inhibitory effect of SybrGreen on reverse transcription was overcome by initial immobilization of the dye in the reaction capillaries. Universal cycling conditions for SybrGreen and 5′-nuclease probe detection were established. Thus, up to three assays could be performed in parallel, facilitating rapid testing for several pathogens. All assays were thoroughly optimized and validated in terms of analytical sensitivity by using in vitro-transcribed RNA. The ≥95% detection limits as determined by probit regression analysis ranged from 1,545 to 2,835 viral genome equivalents/ml of serum (8.6 to 16 RNA copies per assay). The suitability of the assays was exemplified by detection and quantification of viral RNA in serum samples of VHF patients. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12089242/ | https://openalex.org/W2107922358 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2511 | true |
PMID_17370518 | OpenAlex | 17,370,518 | null | 10.3201/eid1301.060837 | Panmicrobial Oligonucleotide Array for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases | Gustavo Palacios; Phenix‐Lan Quan; Omar Jabado; Sean Conlan; David L. Hirschberg; Yang Liu; Junhui Zhai; Neil Renwick; Jeffrey Hui; Hédi Hegyi; Allen Grolla; James E. Strong; Jonathan S. Towner; Thomas W. Geisbert; Peter B. Jahrling; C. Büchen‐Osmond; Heinz Ellerbrok; María Paz Sánchez‐Seco; Yves A. Lussier; Pierre Formenty; Stuart T. Nichol; Heinz Feldmann; Thomas Briese; W. Ian Lipkin | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,007 | To facilitate rapid, unbiased, differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, we designed GreeneChipPm, a panmicrobial microarray comprising 29,455 sixty-mer oligonucleotide probes for vertebrate viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Methods for nucleic acid preparation, random primed PCR amplification, and labeling were optimized to allow the sensitivity required for application with nucleic acid extracted from clinical materials and cultured isolates. Analysis of nasopharyngeal aspirates, blood, urine, and tissue from persons with various infectious diseases confirmed the presence of viruses and bacteria identified by other methods, and implicated Plasmodium falciparum in an unexplained fatal case of hemorrhagic feverlike disease during the Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola in 2004-2005. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17370518/ | https://openalex.org/W2100095805 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1907 | true |
DOI_1f7dbb45fe67 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1093/trstmh/trv024 | Mapping the zoonotic niche of Marburg virus disease in Africa | David M. Pigott; Nick Golding; Adrian Mylne; Zhi Huang; Daniel J. Weiss; Oliver J. Brady; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Simon I Hay | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2,015 | Background: Marburg virus disease (MVD) describes a viral haemorrhagic fever responsible for a number of out-breaks across eastern and southern Africa. It is a zoonotic disease, with the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyp-tiacus) identified as a reservoir host. Infection is suspected to result from contact between this reservoir and human populations, with occasional secondary human-to-human transmission. Methods: Index cases of previous human outbreaks were identified and reports of infection in animals recorded. These data were modelled within a species distribution modelling framework in order to generate a probabilistic surface of zoonotic transmission potential of MVD across sub-Saharan Africa. Results: Areas suitable for zoonotic transmission of MVD are predicted in 27 countries inhabited by 105 million people. Regions are suggested for exploratory surveys to better characterise the geographical distribution of the disease, as well as for directing efforts to communicate the risk of practices enhancing zoonotic contact. Conclusions: These maps can inform future contingency and preparedness strategies for MVD control, especially where secondary transmission is a risk. Coupling this risk map with patient travel histories could be used to guide the differential diagnosis of highly transmissible pathogens, enabling more rapid response to outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever. | https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trv024 | https://openalex.org/W2197717400 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1849 | true |
PMID_16775337 | Both | 16,775,337 | PMC237485 | 10.1128/jvi.00069-06 | Marburgvirus Genomics and Association with a Large Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Angola | Jonathan S. Towner; Marina L. Khristova; Tara K. Sealy; Martin J. Vincent; Bobbie R. Erickson; Darcy A. Bawiec; Amy L. Hartman; James A. Comer; Sherif R. Zaki; Ute Ströher; Filomena Gomes da Silva; Fernando del Castillo; Pierre E. Rollin; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol | Journal of Virology | 2,006 | ABSTRACT In March 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigated a large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreak in Uige Province in northern Angola, West Africa. In total, 15 initial specimens were sent to CDC, Atlanta, Ga., for testing for viruses associated with viral HFs known to be present in West Africa, including ebolavirus. Marburgvirus was also included despite the fact that the origins of all earlier outbreaks were linked directly to East Africa. Surprisingly, marburgvirus was confirmed (12 of 15 specimens) as the cause of the outbreak. The outbreak likely began in October 2004 and ended in July 2005, and it included 252 cases and 227 (90%) fatalities (report from the Ministry of Health, Republic of Angola, 2005), making it the largest Marburg HF outbreak on record. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay utilized and adapted during the outbreak proved to be highly sensitive and sufficiently robust for field use. Partial marburgvirus RNA sequence analysis revealed up to 21% nucleotide divergence among the previously characterized East African strains, with the most distinct being Ravn from Kenya (1987). The Angolan strain was less different (∼7%) from the main group of East African marburgviruses than one might expect given the large geographic separation. To more precisely analyze the virus genetic differences between outbreaks and among viruses within the Angola outbreak itself, a total of 16 complete virus genomes were determined, including those of the virus isolates Ravn (Kenya, 1987) and 05DRC, 07DRC, and 09DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo, 1998) and the reference Angolan virus isolate (Ang1379v). In addition, complete genome sequences were obtained from RNAs extracted from 10 clinical specimens reflecting various stages of the disease and locations within the Angolan outbreak. While the marburgviruses exhibit high overall genetic diversity (up to 22%), only 6.8% nucleotide difference was found between the West African Angolan viruses and the majority of East African viruses, suggesting that the virus reservoir species in these regions are not substantially distinct. Remarkably few nucleotide differences were found among the Angolan clinical specimens (0 to 0.07%), consistent with an outbreak scenario in which a single (or rare) introduction of virus from the reservoir species into the human population was followed by person-to-person transmission with little accumulation of mutations. This is in contrast to the 1998 to 2000 marburgvirus outbreak, where evidence of several virus genetic lineages (with up to 21% divergence) and multiple virus introductions into the human population was found. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16775337/ | https://openalex.org/W1993413375 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1613 | true |
PMID_18216185 | Both | 18,216,185 | PMC224991 | 10.1128/cvi.00431-07 | Vaccine To Confer to Nonhuman Primates Complete Protection against Multistrain Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections | Dana L. Swenson; Danher Wang; Min Luo; Kelly L. Warfield; Jan Woraratanadharm; David H. Holman; John Y. Dong; William D. Pratt | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | 2,008 | ABSTRACT Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) are among the deadliest viruses known to mankind, with mortality rates nearing 90%. These pathogens are highly infectious through contact with infected body fluids and can be easily aerosolized. Additionally, there are currently no licensed vaccines available to prevent filovirus outbreaks. Their high mortality rates and infectious capabilities when aerosolized and the lack of licensed vaccines available to prevent such infectious make Ebola and Marburg viruses serious bioterrorism threats, placing them both on the category A list of bioterrorism agents. Here we describe a panfilovirus vaccine based on a complex adenovirus (CAdVax) technology that expresses multiple antigens from five different filoviruses de novo. Vaccination of nonhuman primates demonstrated 100% protection against infection by two species of Ebola virus and three Marburg virus subtypes, each administered at 1,000 times the lethal dose. This study indicates the feasibility of vaccination against all current filovirus threats in the event of natural hemorrhagic fever outbreak or biological attack. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18216185/ | https://openalex.org/W2138000140 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1646 | true |
PMID_30053050 | OpenAlex | 30,053,050 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiy367 | New Insights Into Marburg Virus Disease Pathogenesis in the Rhesus Macaque Model | Timothy K. Cooper; Jennifer Sword; Joshua C. Johnson; Amanda Bonilla; Randy Hart; David X. Liu; John G. Bernbaum; Kurt Cooper; Peter B. Jahrling; Lisa E. Hensley | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | Previously, several studies have been performed to delineate the development and progression of Marburg virus infection in nonhuman primates (NHPs), primarily to clarify the mechanisms of severe (fatal) disease. After the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa, there has been a reassessment of the available filovirus animal models and the utility of these to faithfully recapitulate human disease. The high lethality of the NHP models has raised doubts as to their ability to provide meaningful data for the full spectrum of disease observed in humans. Of particular interest are the etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying postconvalescent sequelae observed in human survivors of EVD and Marburg virus disease (MVD). In the current study, we evaluated the lesions of MVD in NHPs; however, in contrast to previous studies, we focused on the potential for development of sequelae similar to those reported in human survivors of MVD and EVD. We found that during acute MVD in the macaque model, there is frequent inflammation of peripheral nerves, autonomic ganglia, and the iris of the eye. Furthermore, we demonstrate viral infection of the ocular ciliary body and retina, testis, epididymis, ovary, oviduct, uterine endometrium, prostate, and mammary gland. These findings are relevant for both development of postconvalescent sequelae and the natural transmission of virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30053050/ | https://openalex.org/W2883602978 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2572 | true |
PMID_18258034 | OpenAlex | 18,258,034 | null | 10.3201/eid1312.071115 | Studies of Reservoir Hosts for Marburg Virus | Robert Swanepoel; Sheilagh Smit; Pierre E. Rollin; Pierre Formenty; Patricia A. Leman; Alan C. Kemp; Felicity J. Burt; Antoinette A. Grobbelaar; Janice E. Croft; Daniel G. Bausch; H. Zeller; Herwig Leirs; Leo Braack; Modeste L. Libande; Sherif R. Zaki; Stuart T. Nichol; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Janusz T. Pawęska; on behalf of the International Scientific | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,007 | To determine reservoir hosts for Marburg virus (MARV), we examined the fauna of a mine in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The mine was associated with a protracted outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever during 1998-2000. We found MARV nucleic acid in 12 bats, comprising 3.0%-3.6% of 2 species of insectivorous bat and 1 species of fruit bat. We found antibody to the virus in the serum of 9.7% of 1 of the insectivorous species and in 20.5% of the fruit bat species, but attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18258034/ | https://openalex.org/W2061033820 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1648 | true |
PMID_15588056 | Both | 15,588,056 | null | 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.186 | Marburg and Ebola Viruses as Aerosol Threats | Elizabeth K. Leffel; Douglas S. Reed | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Biodefense Strategy Practice and Science | 2,004 | Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae. There has been considerable media attention and fear generated by outbreaks of filoviruses because they can cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome that has a rapid onset and high mortality. Although they are not naturally transmitted by aerosol, they are highly infectious as respirable particles under laboratory conditions. For these and other reasons, filoviruses are classified as category A biological weapons. However, there is very little data from animal studies with aerosolized filoviruses. Animal models of filovirus exposure are not well characterized, and there are discrepancies between these models and what has been observed in human outbreaks. Building on published results from aerosol studies, as well as a review of the history, epidemiology, and disease course of naturally occurring outbreaks, we offer an aerobiologist's perspective on the threat posed by aerosolized filoviruses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15588056/ | https://openalex.org/W1997380883 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2171 | true |
PMID_25297522 | Both | 25,297,522 | null | 10.1002/path.4456 | Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses | Roosecelis B. Martines; Dianna Ng; Patricia W. Greer; Pierre E. Rollin; Sherif R. Zaki | The Journal of Pathology | 2,014 | Abstract Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses include some of the most virulent and fatal pathogens known to humans. These viruses cause severe haemorrhagic fevers, with case fatality rates in the range 25–90%. The diagnosis of filovirus using formalin‐fixed tissues from fatal cases poses a significant challenge. The most characteristic histopathological findings are seen in the liver; however, the findings overlap with many other viral and non‐viral haemorrhagic diseases. The need to distinguish filovirus infections from other haemorrhagic fevers, particularly in areas with multiple endemic viral haemorrhagic agents, is of paramount importance. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge of filovirus infections and their pathogenesis, including histopathological findings, epidemiology, modes of transmission and filovirus entry and spread within host organisms. The pathogenesis of filovirus infections is complex and involves activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system, with release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, endothelial dysfunction, alterations of the innate and adaptive immune systems, direct organ and endothelial damage from unrestricted viral replication late in infection, and coagulopathy. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of filovirus infections has rapidly increased in the past few years, many questions remain unanswered. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25297522/ | https://openalex.org/W1545010974 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2062 | true |
PMID_12853377 | OpenAlex | 12,853,377 | null | 10.1128/cdli.10.4.506-513.2003 | Immunological Methods for Detection and Identification of Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Agents | Anne Harwood Peruski; Leonard F. Peruski | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | 2,003 | PROBLEMBW agents.The release of a biological weapon (BW) agent by a terrorist group or military force would likely be silent and undetectable or nearly so.As shown by anthrax attack during the fall of 2001 in the eastern United States, patients would begin appearing at hospitals and clinics within several days of exposure, most presenting with nonspecific flu-like symptoms.The first days of the outbreak might not even cause undue concern.However, depending on the type of agent and the method of dispersal, the public healthcare system would rapidly be stretched to capacity and beyond.The qualities that make a good BW agent are its relationship between aerosolization, infectivity, or toxicity and the amount of agent required to produce an effect (48).In addition, criteria such as environmental stability, ease of production, disease severity, and communicability determine which agents are the most likely to be utilized.For maximum effect, an optimal agent should be highly lethal and easily produced in large quantities and have limited options for preventive or prophylactic treatment.Given that the respiratory route is the most effective for most BW agents, stability in an aerosol form and the capability to be readily dispersed also in an aerosol (1-to 10-m particle size) are necessary.When potential agents are reviewed for these characteristics, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and variola major virus (smallpox) are considered to have the greatest potential for mass casualties and civil disruption.Also high on a prospective list of agents are botulinum neurotoxins, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis (48,91, 92).Lower on the prospective list are Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Marburg and Ebola viruses, and influenza viruses (48,63,91, 92).Emerging infectious disease agents.In addition to diseases caused by intentional epidemics, there are several emerging infectious diseases (ID) with the potential for significant public health consequences, including dengue fever, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever as well as the recent reemergence of malaria in the eastern United States (48,63,91, 92).As with BW agents, emerging ID agents may be directly transmissible or vector borne (63).A complex interplay of factors can influence disease emergence, including genetic variation, environmental changes, and population pressures.Further compounding this already complicated situation, are the estimated 600 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12853377/ | https://openalex.org/W2163553667 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_29982632 | Both | 29,982,632 | PMC1277264 | 10.1093/infdis/jiy332 | The Calcium Channel Blocker Bepridil Demonstrates Efficacy in the Murine Model of Marburg Virus Disease | Lisa Evans DeWald; Julie Dyall; Jennifer Sword; Lisa Torzewski; Huanying Zhou; Elena Postnikova; Erin Kollins; Isis Alexander; Robin Gross; Yu Cong; Dawn M. Gerhardt; Reed F. Johnson; Gene G. Olinger; Michael R. Holbrook; Lisa E. Hensley; Peter B. Jahrling | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | No therapeutics are approved for the treatment of filovirus infections. Bepridil, a calcium channel blocker developed for treating angina, was identified as a potent inhibitor of filoviruses in vitro, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Ebola virus in vivo. We evaluated the efficacy of bepridil in a lethal mouse model of Marburg virus disease. A dose of 12 mg/kg bepridil once or twice daily resulted in 80% or 90% survival, respectively. These data confirm bepridil's broad-spectrum anti-filovirus activity warranting further investigation of bepridil, or improved compounds with a similar mechanism, as a pan-filovirus therapeutic agent. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982632/ | https://openalex.org/W2901226061 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2537 | true |
PMID_36051815 | OpenAlex | 36,051,815 | null | 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104377 | Marburg virus outbreak in Ghana: An impending crisis | Jack Wellington; Ayça Nur; Nicholas Aderinto; Olivier Uwishema; Hassan Chaito; Olutola Awosiku; Yusuf Jaafer Al Tarawneh; Jana Abdul Nasser Sharafeddine; Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka; Helen Onyeaka | Annals of Medicine and Surgery | 2,022 | Since the initial identification of the Marburg virus in 1967, it has sporadically emerged in several countries throughout Africa, including Zimbabwe, Kenya, South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Due to the concurrent occurrence of other epidemics like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this outbreak could endanger the healthcare systems in these many African nations. Recently, two cases of the Marburg virus were detected in Ghana for the first time. However, there has been a noticeable lack of information concerning this recent outbreak of July 2022 in Ghana. Therefore, this article seeks to provide an overview of this outbreak in Ghana to better understand the most recent status and current efforts being made to mitigate the dissemination of the Marburg virus. We also suggest recommendations that may contribute to limiting the burden of this virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36051815/ | https://openalex.org/W4292260941 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4738 | true |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
AgentSLR: Priority Pathogens Dataset
Paper
Codebase
Project Website
This dataset accompanies the paper AgentSLR: Automating Systematic Literature Reviews in Epidemiology with Agentic AI. It brings together large-scale research articles that undergo the scientific rigours required to create systematic literature reviews. We present the metadata of articles, human abstract and article screening labels, and structured human data extractions for epidemiological parameters, transmission models, and outbreaks across WHO-designated priority pathogens.
Human labels in this release come from real-world reviews conducted by the Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group (PERG) at Imperial College London. These labels reflect expert review decisions rather than synthetic annotation, and they ground the evaluation of AgentSLR in operational epidemiological review workflows.
Figure: Data flow through a systematic literature review: a large corpus of harvested articles is progressively filtered through abstract and full-text screening to yield a relevant subset, which then undergoes structured data extraction across three output types (parameters, transmission models and outbreaks) that feed into living review generation.
The release covers nine priority pathogens:
- Marburg virus
- Ebola virus
- Lassa fever
- SARS-CoV-1
- Zika virus
- MERS-CoV
- Nipah virus
- Rift Valley fever virus
- CCHF virus
This release includes 218,325 harvested article records, 37,155 PERG-linked human screening records across seven pathogens, 3,808 human parameter extractions, 687 human transmission-model extractions and 189 human outbreak extractions.
Harvest metadata was generated on 26 January 2026 (UTC). The full AgentSLR toolkit, covering harvesting, PDF retrieval, OCR/PDF-to-Markdown conversion, screening, full-text processing, extraction and report generation, is available on GitHub.
This release contains broad harvesting metadata, but downloadable full text is narrower: roughly 40% of records in the January 2026 harvest yielded a downloadable PDF, with variation driven by open-access status, publisher availability, hosting platform and retrieval route (including proxy and institutional access).
PERG (Humans) and AgentSLR Pathogen Coverage
The table below mirrors the review-overlap summary from the paper.
| Pathogen | PERG* | AgentSLR | Matched |
|---|---|---|---|
| ● Marburg virus | 2,593 | 6,501 | 762 (29.4%) |
| ● Ebola virus | 11,605 | 23,226 | 3,938 (33.9%) |
| ● Lassa fever | 2,131 | 6,514 | 647 (30.4%) |
| ● SARS-CoV-1 | 12,280 | 7,540 | 1,967 (16.0%) |
| ● Zika virus | 10,510 | 3,103 | 2,128 (20.2%) |
| ● MERS-CoV | 19,656 | 23,204 | 5,675 (28.9%) |
| ● Nipah virus | 1,458 | 5,103 | 664 (45.5%) |
| ● Rift Valley fever virus | - | 6,810 | - |
| ● CCHF virus | - | 3,478 | - |
| Total† | 60,233 | 75,191 | 15,781 (26.2%) |
● Published PERG review ● In data extraction by PERG ● Screening not yet conducted by PERG
* Articles post deduplication and empty abstract removal.† Excludes Rift Valley fever virus and CCHF article counts, matching the paper table.
Dataset Organisation
The dataset is organised into four config types:
- Harvest Metadata and Screening: one config with nine pathogen splits
- Parameter Extraction - {Pathogen}: one config per pathogen
- Transmission Model Extraction - {Pathogen}: one config per pathogen
- Outbreak Extraction - {Pathogen}: one config per pathogen
The harvest config contains PERG screening labels for all nine pathogens. For RVF and CCHF, screening columns are present but null as PERG labels were not available for this release. Human screening labels are only populated where perg_subset == True. The covidence_id key links screened articles in the harvest table to their corresponding human extraction records.
As data extraction schemas vary by pathogen, each pathogen for which human data extraction has been concluded is published as an individual config on the Hub, covering Ebola, Lassa, SARS and Zika for parameters and transmission models, and Lassa and Zika for outbreaks.
Using datasets:
from datasets import load_dataset
repo_id = "OxRML/AgentSLR"
marburg_harvest = load_dataset(repo_id, "Harvest Metadata and Screening", split="marburg")
ebola_parameters = load_dataset(repo_id, "Parameter Extraction - Ebola", split="ebola")
zika_models = load_dataset(repo_id, "Transmission Model Extraction - Zika")
lassa_outbreaks = load_dataset(repo_id, "Outbreak Extraction - Lassa")
Access, Copyright and Licensing
This repository distributes structured review data, bibliographic metadata, identifiers, URLs and abstracts where present in source records. It does not redistribute publisher PDFs.
The legal status of underlying sources is not uniform. OpenAlex releases its data under CC0 (FAQ) and notes that original copyright remains with the source for PDFs (full-text PDF docs). PubMed provides citations and abstracts rather than full-text articles (About PubMed), and NLM does not claim copyright on PubMed abstracts, though publishers or authors may retain rights in the underlying materials (NCBI Policies, PubMed Disclaimer).
This release provides metadata and structured outputs only. Downstream redistribution of article text or PDFs should follow source-specific rights and licences. To run the full AgentSLR pipeline, use the main codebase for PDF retrieval, OCR/PDF-to-Markdown conversion, full-text screening and structured data extraction.
NOTE: This summary is provided for transparency and reproducibility and should not be treated as legal advice.
Citation
If you use the paper, dataset or codebase, please cite our paper:
@misc{padarha2026agentslr,
title={AgentSLR: Automating Systematic Literature Reviews in Epidemiology with Agentic AI},
author={Shreyansh Padarha and Ryan Othniel Kearns and Tristan Naidoo and Lingyi Yang and Łukasz Borchmann and Piotr BŁaszczyk and Christian Morgenstern and Ruth McCabe and Sangeeta Bhatia and Philip H. Torr and Jakob Foerster and Scott A. Hale and Thomas Rawson and Anne Cori and Elizaveta Semenova and Adam Mahdi},
year={2026},
eprint={2603.22327},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.IR},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22327},
}
When citing our work, please also cite the epireview R package, which underpins the PERG manual review workflows and structured data schemas this dataset builds on:
@Manual{epireview2025,
title = {epireview: Tools to update and summarise the latest pathogen data from the Pathogen Epidemiology Review Group (PERG)},
author = {Tristan Naidoo and Rebecca Nash and Christian Morgenstern and Patrick Doohan and Ruth McCabe and Joshua Lambert and Richard Sheppard and Cosmo Santoni and Thomas Rawson and Shazia Ruybal-Pes{\'a}ntez and Juliette H Unwin and Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg and Kelly McCain and Joseph Hicks and Anne Cori and Sangeeta Bhatia},
year = {2025},
note = {R package version 1.4.4},
url = {https://github.com/mrc-ide/epireview}
}
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