question stringlengths 501 2.93k | options dict | answer stringclasses 3
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|---|---|---|---|
To investigate the role of viral infection in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In this retrospective study, 483 patients with BPPV were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 461 healthy subjects. In both groups, serologic analysis of viral agents (HSV1, HSV2, Herpes zoster, EBV, CMV, a... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To identify gender differences in delay time and the reasons why African Americans delay in seeking medical care for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cross-sectional. Five hospitals in the San Francisco and East Bay areas. Sixty-one African American men and women diagnosed with an AMI. Prehospital delay t... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To evaluate psychological distress as a predictor of disability due to common chronic disorders. A 10-year follow-up study was carried out among a representative cohort (N = 8655) of 18-64 year old Finnish farmers, who had participated in a health survey in 1979 and were able to work at baseline. A record linkage with ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
If pancreas transplantation is a validated alternative for type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease, the management of patients who have lost their primary graft is poorly defined. This study aims at evaluating pancreas retransplantation outcome. Between 1976 and 2008, 569 pancreas transplantations were pe... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Bolus intravenous injection of epinephrine can decrease uterine blood flow. This study examined the effects of intravenous infusion of epinephrine on uterine blood flow in the gravid ewe. Maternal and fetal vascular catheters and a maternal electromagnetic uterine artery flow probe were implanted in 10 near-term gravid... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of menopausal transition and menopausal symptoms in relation to quality of life in a cohort of middle-aged women in Kinmen. A total of 734 premenopausal women participated in the baseline study, and 579 women (78.9%) completed a follow-up 2 years later. Quality of life ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to determine and compare the usefulness of preloading colloids (Haemaccel) 10 ml/Kg before positioning whether it can prevent hemodynamic changes during seated positioning or not. The authors studied 20 patients by randomly dividing them into 2 groups. The c... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To investigate whether the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) possesses the essential psychometric characteristics to measure depressive symptoms in people with visual impairment. The PHQ-9 scale was completed by 103 participants with low vision. These data were then assessed for fit to the Rasch model. The partici... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Sleep bruxism (SB) is reported to vary in frequency over time. The aim of this study was to assess the first night effect on SB. A retrospective polysomnographic (PSG) analysis was performed of data from a sample of SB patients (12 females, 4 males; age range: 17-39 years) recorded in a sleep laboratory over 2 consecut... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have generally been excluded from transplantation. Recent advances in the management and prognosis of these patients suggest that this policy should be reevaluated. To explore the current views of U.S. transplant centers toward transplanting asymptomatic HIV-infected... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Controversy exists regarding the optimal enteral feeding regimen of very low birth weight infants (VLBW). Rapid advancement of enteral feeding has been associated with an increased rate of necrotizing enterocolitis. In contrast, delaying enteral feeding may have unfavorable effects on nutrition, growth, and neurodevelo... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with lung metastasis alone has been reported as a relatively favorable prognostic group, and combined modality treatment might be indicated for selected cases. However, the prognostic factors determining survival of this group and the indication of combined therapy have not been thoroughl... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The clinical and prognostic value of the previous node classification of TNM staging in early gastric cancer (EGC) has been less definitive. The aim was to assess the suitability of the revised node staging for prediction of clinical behavior of EGC. Between 2005 and 2008, 1,845 patients were diagnosed with EGC and und... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The purpose of this survey was to ascertain the most common surgical practices for attaining negative (tumor-free) surgical margins in patients desiring breast-conservation treatment for breast cancer to see if a consensus exists for optimal treatment of patients. We sent a survey to 1,000 surgeons interested in the tr... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations as prognostic or predictive marker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been used widely. However, it may be difficult to get tumor tissue for analyzing the status of EGFR mutation status in large proportion of patients with advanced disease. We obta... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To study the effect of parity on impairment of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and on the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM). We studied the relationship between parity and peripheral insulin sensitivity index (ISI(OGTT)) or GDM in 1880 caucasian women, who underwent a 100-g, 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Paraffin-embedded tissues in Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology between January 2002 and February 2006 were searched restrospectively to investigate this issue. We performed immunohistochemistry on biopsies of 125 patients with HBV infection, grouped as: mild, moderate and severe hepatitis,... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
Adults with GH deficiency (GHD) have a decreased life expectancy. The effect of GH treatment on mortality remains to be established. This nationwide cohort study investigates the effect of GH treatment on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and analyzes patient characteristics influencing mortality in GHD adults. Pa... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Forty obese patients with T2DM without clinical features of Cushing's syndrome were recruited. Plasma, urinary and salivary cortisol were measured directly by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies. The specificities of the three tests using various cutoffs were calculated and compared, employ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Medical records of 121 people who received inpatient rehabilitation were retrospectively screened; records of 50 people discharged home and at high falls risk (fall in last 12 months, fall preceding/during admission) were audited. Data extracted included falls risk identification during rehabilitation and in discharge ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The purpose of this study was to determine if registered dietitian (RD) and registered nurse (RN) certified diabetes educators (CDEs) provide similar recommendations regarding carbohydrates and dietary supplements to individuals with diabetes. A survey was mailed to CDEs in the southern United States. Participants were... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To consider whether the Barthel Index alone provides sufficient information about the long term outcome of stroke. Cross sectional follow up study with a structured interview questionnaire and measures of impairment, disability, handicap, and general health. The scales used were the hospital anxiety and depression scal... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Although the Internet is commonly used to recruit samples in studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behaviors, it has not been used to measure patient-reported well-being. As the burden of long-term chronic HIV infection rises, the Internet may offer enormous potential for recruitment to research an... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
To assess gender differences among residents regarding their plans to have children during residency and determine the most influential reasons for these differences. Using the Health Belief Model as a framework, the authors created an instrument to survey 424 residents from 11 residency programs at three academic medi... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The current study is aimed to assess the relationship between the 'economic/employment' and 'social/welfare' dimensions of social exclusion and suicide mortality in Europe. Suicide rates for 26 countries were obtained from the WHO. Data on social expenditure were obtained from the OECD database. Employment rates and GD... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The prevalence of combined humeral and glenoid defects varies between 79 and 84 % in case of chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between humeral and glenoid defects based on quantitative radiological criteria. A retrospective study was perfor... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To assess whether populations with access to general practitioner hospitals (GP hospitals) utilise general hospitals less than populations without such access. Observational study comparing the total rates of admissions and of occupied bed days in general hospitals between populations with and without access to GP hosp... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To compare the characteristics and prognoses of gastric cancers by tumor location in Korean and U.S. subjects after curative-intent (R0) resection for gastric cancer (GC). Data were collected for all patients who had undergone R0 resection at one U.S. institution (n = 567) and one South Korean institution (n = 1,620). ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The 58th World Health Assembly called for all health systems to move towards universal coverage where everyone has access to key promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health interventions at an affordable cost. Universal coverage involves ensuring that health care benefits are distributed on the basis of n... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To determine whether decreasing lengths of stay over time for selected diagnostic categories were associated with increased hospital readmission rates and mean number of physician visits after discharge. Retrospective descriptive study. The seven large (125 beds or more) acute care hospitals in Winnipeg. Manitoba resid... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To ascertain whether a written information sheet is acceptable to patients and improves recall of the consent interview. Prospective randomised controlled study using questionnaires, comparing a group of patients given information in a written sheet with appropriate explanation to a group given verbal information alone... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The study was carried on 2096 school children (1043 male, 1053 female) in Ankara. Their mean age was 9.03 years. Demographic properties of the study group and their families were determined and the serum lipid levels of the subjects were obtained. The relation between these demographic properties and lipid levels were ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
As parents of young children are often unaware their child is overweight, screening provides the opportunity to inform parents and provide the impetus for behaviour change. We aimed to determine if parents could recall and understand the information they received about their overweight child after weight screening. Ran... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
To evaluate the role of clinical assessment with selective use of imaging studies in the management of suspected acute appendicitis in children. Medical records of children referred to Emergency Room in 2010 for suspected appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic investigations divided by age and sex were ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
The validity of quality of care measurement has important implications for practicing clinicians, their patients, and all involved with health care delivery. We used empirical data from managed care patients enrolled in west coast physician organizations to test the hypothesis that observed changes in health-related qu... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To assess whether perspective-taking, which researchers in other fields have shown to induce empathy, improves patient satisfaction in encounters between student-clinicians and standardized patients (SPs). In three studies, randomly assigned students (N = 608) received either a perspective-taking instruction or a neutr... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
79 adjacent proximal surfaces without restorations in permanent teeth were examined. Patients suspected to have carious lesions after a visual clinical and a bitewing examination participated in a CBCT examination (Kodak 9000 3D, 5 × 3.7 cm field of view, voxel size 0.07 mm). Ethical approval and informed consent were ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Current evidence suggests that neck pain is negatively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, these studies are cross-sectional and do not inform the association between neck pain and future HRQoL. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between increasing grades of neck p... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
It is generally assumed, that patients with Werlhof's disease (WD) are at increased risk for bleeding complications when undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Therefore we performed this case control study to estimate the real risk for bleeding complications of these patients. Between 05/95 and 07... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The aim was to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and frequency compressed speech recognition in listeners with normal hearing and normal cognition. Speech-in-noise recognition was measured using Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers sentences presented over earphones at 65 dB SPL and a r... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To validate a clinical diagnostic tool, used by emergency physicians (EPs), to diagnose the central cause of patients presenting with vertigo, and to determine interrater reliability of this tool. A convenience sample of adult patients presenting to a single academic ED with isolated vertigo (i.e. vertigo without other... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Sublingual varices have earlier been related to ageing, smoking and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sublingual varices are related to presence of hypertension. In an observational clinical study among 431 dental patients tongue status and blood pressure were documented. Digital ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Abdominal bloating is reported by a majority of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Excess colonic fermentation may cause gaseous symptoms. Several foodstuffs contain oligosaccharides with an α-galactosidic linkage that is resistant to mammalian hydrolases. Assisted hydrolysis by exogenous α-galactosidase enzyme (... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC) is an autosomal-dominant cancer predisposition syndrome that increases risk for multiple cancers, including colon, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Revised Bethesda Criteria recommend that patients with two HNPCC-associated cancers undergo molecular eval... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
Treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) depends on the level of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) block. Air-encephalography is regarded as the gold standard for differentiating communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus. Since air-encephalography involves a lumbar punctu... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To determine whether patients with high-risk metastatic breast cancer draw benefit from combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment. A total of 260 women with measurable metastatic breast cancer fulfilling high-risk criteria, previously untreated with chemotherapy for their metastatic disease, were randomized to r... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The quality of surgical excision is held to be a major determinant of outcome following surgery for rectal cancer. Macroscopic examination of the excised mesorectum allows for reproducible assessment of the quality of surgery. We aimed to determine whether quality of excision undertaken by colorectal trainees under sup... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Affect-regulated exercise to feel 'good' can be used to control exercise intensity amongst both active and sedentary individuals and should support exercise adherence. It is not known, however, whether affect-regulated exercise training can lead to physical health gains. The aim of this study was to examine if affect-r... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To assess pain intensity with and without subcutaneous local anesthesia prior to intraarticular administration of contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography (MRa) of the shoulder. This single-center study was conducted after an IRB waiver of authorization, between January 2010 and December 2012. All patients p... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To assess the risk of death associated with work based and non-work based measures of socioeconomic status before and after retirement age. Follow up study of mortality in relation to employment grade and car ownership over 25 years. The first Whitehall study. 18,133 male civil servants aged 40-69 years who attended a ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To investigate the diagnostic value of a half dose compared with a full dose of gadobenate dimeglumine in the assessment of synovitis or tenosynovitis in the wrist and finger joints in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a disease activity score greater than 3.2. With institutional review board approval a... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach. Twenty-six ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive a parasacral sciatic block, ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
To determine the necessity of pelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We reviewed the records of 400 patients of RCC, who underwent treatment at our institution between January 1988 and February 2001. These patients were evaluated pre-operatively with ultrasonograms (USG) and contrast... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Reimbursement based on the total care of a patient during an acute episode of illness is believed to stimulate management and clinicians to reduce quality problems like waiting times and poor coordination of care delivery. Although many studies already show that this kind of case-mix based reimbursement leads to more e... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
This study examined the extent to which ADHD was associated with risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) in a sample of 92 undergraduates with (n = 44) and without (n = 48) ADHD. Mother-child relationship quality was examined as a potential moderator. We conducted comprehensive assessments for ADHD and comorbid conditions and co... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Minimal access surgery (MAS) in adults is associated with less postoperative pain in comparison to conventional 'open' surgery. It is not known whether this holds true for neonates as well. Less pain would imply that opioid consumption can be reduced, which has a beneficial effect on morbidity.AIM: To evaluate potentia... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors for cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA). The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 47 consecutive patients with CSA in whom the presence/absence of the pyramidal tract sign was noted. We analyzed whether the age, sex, presence of diabet... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Recently, orthostatic myoclonus (OM) has been suggested as a cause of gait impairment and unsteadiness in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of orthostatic myoclonus, its clinical characteristics and the underlying associated neurological disorders. A retrospective analys... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is characterized by neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Studies on experimental models and patients with intractable epilepsy suggest that apoptosis may be involved in neuronal death induced by recurrent seizures. We searched evidence for apoptotic cell death in temporal lobes resected fro... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
To determine if elderly patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are receiving less treatment and to evaluate the benefit of aggressive therapy in this population. Retrospective analysis of a large population database. Patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with OPSCC di... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
This study sought to investigate the ischemic and bleeding outcomes of patients fulfilling high bleeding risk (HBR) criteria who were randomized to zotarolimus-eluting Endeavor Sprint stent (E-ZES) or bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation followed by an abbreviated dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration for stable or ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Twenty-seven healthy normal glucose-tolerant humans with either a previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or having two parents with Type 2 diabetes and 27 healthy adults who had no history of diabetes were recruited. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Skin microvasc... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
The gluten-free diet has traditionally been accepted as a healthy diet, but there are articles advocating that it may have some nutritional deficiencies. The current study assesses whether there was any change in the contributions of calories, essential elements, proportion of fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and fiber ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
To investigate the influence of laparoscopic procedures on perisinusoidal cell function. In 31 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis, the serum levels of beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (beta-NAH) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured. Six female patients, who underwent other ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Recent studies have shown that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation results in significant HIV transmission reduction. This is the rationale behind the "test and treat" policy of the World Health Organization (WHO). Implementation of this policy will lead to an increased incidence of ART-related adverse effect... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
This study was designed to determine prospectively whether the systematic use of PET/CT associated with conventional techniques could improve the accuracy of staging in patients with liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. We also assessed the impact on the therapeutic strategy. Between 2006 and 2008, 97 patients who... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
In literature there are only few data which describe the influence of occupation on the development of rotator cuff disease. In a retrospective study, 760 open rotator cuff repairs were analysed and related to the profession and occupational load. Exclusion criteria were traumatic tears and sports injuries. All male pe... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The use of open access endoscopy is increasing. Its effect on the adequacy of patient informed consent, procedure acceptance and the impact on subsequent communication/transfer of procedure results to the patient have not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to compare the extent of preknowledge of procedures and t... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Most pediatric surgeons perform oophorectomy in girls presenting with ovarian torsion in which the ovary appears necrotic. However, the adult gynecology literature suggests that many ovaries can be treated by detorsion alone. All children with ovarian torsion on the gynecology and general surgery services between 1988 ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The objective of the study was to determine whether myometrial electrical activity can differentiate false from true preterm labor. Electrical uterine myography (EUM) was measured prospectively on 87 women, gestational age less than 35 weeks. The period between contractions, power of contraction peaks and movement of c... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Noise exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit is believed to be a risk factor for hearing loss in preterm neonates. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices exceed recommended noise levels. High flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) are an increasingly popular alternative to CPAP for treating preterm infants, but t... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Medical oncology is embracing information technology to standardize care and improve patient outcomes, with a range of Web-based systems used internationally. The authors' aim was to determine the factors affecting the uptake and use of a Web-based protocol system for medical oncology in the Australian setting. The aut... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
longitudinal descriptive study. 2 large nursing homes in Turin, Italy. 418 dependent elderly (83 males, 335 females, mean age 83.7+/-8.5 y, range 55-102) living in the nursing homes. the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was evaluated using a Doppler Ultrasound measurement of AAI (Ankle/Arm blood pressure... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The National Infarct Angioplasty Project assessed the feasibility of establishing a comprehensive primary angioplasty service. We aimed to compare satisfaction at intervention hospitals offering angioplasty-based care and control hospitals offering thrombolysis-based care. Mixed methods, with postal survey of patients ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Currently, a 'pedagogical gap' exists in distributed medical education in that distance educators teach medical students but typically do not have the opportunity to assess them in large-scale examinations such as the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). We developed a remote examiner OSCE (reOSCE) that wa... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
We searched for factors present preoperatively which could be used to predict the intensity of postoperative pain. We undertook a prospective study among all patients aged over 18 years who underwent shoulder surgery from January to September 2004 in our unit. The study included 86 patients for which the following data... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Although its excellent results, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) presents major complications ranging from 0% to 29%. Among them, the staple line leak presents an incidence varying from 0% to 7%. Many trials debated about different solutions in order to reduce leaks' incidence. No author has investigated the role ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To determine the incidence and severity of acute side effects from the use of polyvalent antivenin in victims of rattlesnake bites. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who presented with rattlesnake bites to a university teaching hospital during an 11-year period. From patient medical records, we ex... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
Schizophrenia patients are typically found to have low IQ both pre- and post-onset, in comparison to the general population. However, a subgroup of patients displays above average IQ pre-onset. The nature of these patients' illness and its relationship to typical schizophrenia is not well understood. The current study ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a potentially serious skin injury that can lead to pressure ulcers (PUs). Multiple studies have indicated the need for evidence to find the most effective skin care protocol to reduce the incidence and severity of IAD in critically ill patients. To compare the incidence and s... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Studies have indicated that hypoalbuminemia is associated with decreased survival of patients with gastric cancer. However, the prognostic value of albumin may be secondary to an ongoing systemic inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between hypoalbuminemia, the systemic inflammatory re... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To investigate whether the S + G2/M fraction (proliferative index) is a prognostic determinant in breast cancers classified as Auer IV. Prognostic evaluation of Auer IV DNA histograms with respect to the high versus low S + G2/M fraction, obtained by image cytometry on consecutive breast cancer imprint preparations. Wh... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The recent literature shows an increased incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). On the other hand, there are no published studies related to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in this patient group. Our aim was to assess the effect of CPAP on s... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
IVF singletons have poorer perinatal outcomes than singletons from spontaneous conceptions. This may be due to the influence of ovarian stimulation on the chromosomal constitution of the embryos which could be translated into localized chromosomal anomalies in the placenta. The aim of this study was to compare the inci... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
A higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in HIV-infected patients, together with chronic infection and treatments, has resulted in an increased risk of silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether myocardial SPECT should be used for screening HIV-infected patie... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
Base Deficit (BD) is a marker of tissue hypoxia in polytrauma patients. It guides resuscitative measures, and predicts outcomes, complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of BD in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess if it correlates with the out... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
CYP2D6 is an important cytochrome P450 enzyme. These enzymes catalyse the oxidative biotransformation of about 25% of clinically important drugs as well as the metabolism of numerous environmental chemical carcinogens. The most frequent null allele of CYP2D6 in European populations, CYP2D6*4, has been studied here in o... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of bone infarcts and acute osteomyelitis. The clinical differentiation between a bone infarct and acute osteomyelitis is a diagnostic challenge. Unenhanced T1-W fat-saturated MR images have been proposed as a potential tool to differentiate bone infarcts from osteomye... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
This study sought to compare general surgery research residents' survey information regarding self-efficacy ratings to their observed performance during a simulated small bowel repair. Their observed performance ratings were based on their leadership skills in directing their assistant. Participants were given 15 min t... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The use of the private sector for health care is increasing, but it is unclear whether this will reduce demand on the NHS. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between private and NHS outpatient referral rates accounting for their association with deprivation. This is a prospective survey of general pr... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
The FOOTSTEP self-management foot care programme is a clinical and cost-effective programme for basic foot care in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would be physically able to participate. A consecutive cohort of RA patients undergoing podiatry care underwen... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
Cancer of the buccal mucosa is an uncommon and aggressive neoplasm of the oral cavity. Less than 2% of patients treated for cancer of the oral cavity at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) from 1971 to 1997 had primary buccal cancers. Because the majority of these patients did not undergo any adjuvant treatment, this ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
In this study, we investigated D-dimer serum level as a diagnostic parameter for acute appendicitis. Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were classified according to age; sex; duration between the beginning of pain and referral to a hospital or clinic; Alvarado scores; and in physical examination, ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To determine if clinical variables assessed in relation to Albuterol aerosol treatments accurately identify children with pathologic radiographs during their initial episode of bronchospasm. A prospective convenience sample of children with a first episode of wheezing. Data collected included demographics, baseline and... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
In the Philippines, the current national control strategy for schistosomiasis is annual mass drug administration (MDA) with 40 mg/kg of praziquantel in all schistosomiasis-endemic villages with a prevalence ≥10%. A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis was conducted in 2012 on 18 221 individuals residing in 22 schi... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
1,412 individuals attending the University of Queensland's School of Dentistry were assessed for the prevalence of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of data obtained from a self-reported health questionnaire and dental records was carried out and included: number of individuals referred for advance... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
In recent clinical trials (RCT) of bowel preparation, Golytely was more efficacious than MiraLAX. We hypothesised that there is a difference in adenoma detection between Golytely and MiraLAX. To compare the adenoma detection rate (ADR) between these bowel preparations, and to identify independent predictors of bowel pr... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | yes | A |
The so-called "globulomaxillary cyst", described as a fissural cyst, caused by entrapped epithelium between the nasal and maxillary process, is no longer considered for its own entity. Nevertheless, cystic lesions, which correspond to the previous image of globulomaxillary cysts, do still occur in daily practice. This ... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | no | B |
To examine whether government-funded, low-income vision care programs improve use of eye care services by low-income individuals in Canada. Cross-sectional survey. 27,375 white respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Healthy Aging 2008/2009. Government-funded, low-income vision care programs were rev... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
Assessing the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients consists of periodical clinical evaluations and laboratory tests. We aimed to assess the role of calprotectin tests in predicting clinical relapse in IBD patients. Ninety-seven patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 65 with Crohn's disease (C... | {
"A": "yes",
"B": "no",
"C": "maybe"
} | maybe | C |
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