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5cyuvn
where did the idea that classical music makes infants smarter come from, and has it been proven?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5cyuvn/eli5where_did_the_idea_that_classical_music_makes/
{ "a_id": [ "da0frhl" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "There was a study that showed pretty well that listening to music made adults temporarily better at doing a spatial reasoning paper folding task. \n\nThis sort of melted into \"classical music only specifically makes people smart\" to \"classical...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1z2tn3
marvel movie rights distribution
Who exactly owns the rights too what major characters? Because it's really starting to boggle my mind. Who own the rights to Spiderman, X-Men, The Avengers, Fantastic Four? Why are there 2 X-Men characters (Quicksilver and Scarlett Witch) in both series but no other characters? I know quite a bit about comic books (f...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1z2tn3/eli5marvel_movie_rights_distribution/
{ "a_id": [ "cfpzt1u", "cfq48mp" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "[Infographic courtesy of The Geek Twins.](_URL_0_) \nI *think* the reason Marvel are OK with using Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver is that they're both X-Men characters and members of the Avengers, but I'm not sure.\n\nThe wh...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://i.imgur.com/DnXShSd.jpg", "http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2012/03/article_0005.html" ], [] ]
1iaktu
what is a "startup" company and how do they work? what is the employee/department structure like?
I live in NYC and many of my acquaintances have told me that they work for a startup. I feel foolish asking for a detailed explanation. Please and thanks :)
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1iaktu/eli5_what_is_a_startup_company_and_how_do_they/
{ "a_id": [ "cb2ldvy", "cb2n6vn", "cb2o6tk", "cb2u33l", "cb2vmcs" ], "score": [ 7, 3, 10, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "It totally depends on the startup, there are a huge variety of structures for startups. Here's a example of a 15-person tech startup:\n\n3 founders, who are ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startup_company" ], [], [], [] ]
1y3pch
What sort of toys did Roman children play with?
More generally: what sort of toys did early iron age, or late bronze age children play with?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1y3pch/what_sort_of_toys_did_roman_children_play_with/
{ "a_id": [ "cfhv2ys" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Balls were very popular (usually inflated bladders). This example is Greek, but I believe the scene in the Odyssey in which Odysseus washes up on shore and Nausicaa is playing ball with her companions is the oldest mention of a ball game in weste...
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[ [] ]
2r6uch
I heard that jupiter is a failed star due to not being massive enough to start a fusion reaction. If this is true, can we detonate a fusion bomb on the planet to start a chain reaction?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2r6uch/i_heard_that_jupiter_is_a_failed_star_due_to_not/
{ "a_id": [ "cndcrsi", "cnddr4q", "cnddvit" ], "score": [ 3, 7, 7 ], "text": [ "They way it was explained to me in astronomy, is that it would take enormous amount of pressure (not just an atomic explosion) in order for the atoms to start fussing together and start a chain reaction...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
1khb3q
What pre-modern examples are there of movements for racial equality? (more generally, political/legal economy of ethnic groups)
(dammit, I meant "equality" not "economy" in the title, I really should reread myself more) I'm wondering about what little-known analogues there are for the american Civil Rights movement - have there been previous situations where there is legal/political inequality between "ethnic groups" (is there a better term to...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1khb3q/what_premodern_examples_are_there_of_movements/
{ "a_id": [ "cbozelr" ], "score": [ 14 ], "text": [ "During the era of the Roman Republic, citizen rights were only granted to people of Roman birth and heritage. Even Rome's closest allies - the other Italian cities - were not granted citizenship. \n\nThere was a lot of discontent people as those...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_\\(91%E2%80%9388_BC\\)" ] ]
4484d5
When you connect a voltage to a wire, how long will it take for it to be observable on the other end of the wire? Does the voltage propgate via electrons at the speed of light? Or is it slower?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4484d5/when_you_connect_a_voltage_to_a_wire_how_long/
{ "a_id": [ "czoazz4" ], "score": [ 12 ], "text": [ "Practically, it is slower than the speed of light, because of the capacitance of the wire (which is very roughly about 10pF a foot, depending on the wire). With long, fine/high resistance wires, this can make for a significant filter. But in a t...
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[]
[ [] ]
3wv3k4
how come even though imgur's servers are over capicated quite a few times a day, we are still able to view them on reddit?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3wv3k4/eli5_how_come_even_though_imgurs_servers_are_over/
{ "a_id": [ "cxzdiit" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Rendering the PHP code and performing the SQL queries to dynamically render the Imgur site takes a lot of processing power. Their service provider will redirect to the Over Capacity page automatically if they are exceeding their allocated process...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
48ai9a
why hasn't the catholic church reported all of the priests with alleged child abuse charges to their local authorities?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48ai9a/eli5_why_hasnt_the_catholic_church_reported_all/
{ "a_id": [ "d0i2csa", "d0i2n66", "d0i2us3", "d0i394v", "d0i5afw", "d0i6cdf", "d0i6er1", "d0i6eug", "d0i6g0t", "d0i6o0g", "d0i6q83", "d0i7726", "d0i7mch", "d0i7qb4", "d0i7qnt", "d0i7ukq", "d0i7wgw", "d0i7xhw", "d0i7yfk", "d0i85c9", "d...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/child-and-youth-protection/upload/The-Nature-and-Scope-of-Sexual-Abuse-of-Minors-by-Catholic-Priests-and-Deacons-in-the-United-States-1950-2002.pdf" ], [], [], [], [], [], ...
ay6t1d
At what stage do people typically "feel" cancer? How is it possible for someone to just get diagnosed at stage 4, at that point of metastasization shouldn't the person be in massive pain at stage 3 already?
Just heard at Alex Trebek (Jeopardy! Host) was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer. From what I know pancreatic cancer takes a long time ([an average of 11.7 years before the first cancer cell develops within a high-grade pancreatic lesion, then an average of 6.8 years as the cancer grows and at least one cell has...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ay6t1d/at_what_stage_do_people_typically_feel_cancer_how/
{ "a_id": [ "ei03qmc", "ei083bt", "ei0pc1k" ], "score": [ 12, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "There's no answer to this as it is vastly vastly different between any of the 200+ types of cancer, and even within a type it can depend on where exactly the tumor is.\n\nFor example, the most common s...
[]
[ "https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/surprise_finding_pancreatic_cancers_progress_to_lethal_stage_slowly" ]
[ [], [], [] ]
6ozljf
What was it like to run a family restaurant in south in 1960 if you were not a racist and wanted to serve everyone who walks in through the door as best you can?
What economic pressures would exist to try to push you to discrimination on the basis of race? (If any.)
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6ozljf/what_was_it_like_to_run_a_family_restaurant_in/
{ "a_id": [ "dkmv456" ], "score": [ 24 ], "text": [ "Don't forget that before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Southern cities such as Atlanta and New Orleans segregated their restaurants by law. For example, Section 369 of the Birmingham, Alabama Racial Segregation Ordinances contained the following...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chin-jou/the-jim-crow-north-new-york-civil-rights_b_5613150.html" ] ]
1ozqmv
why is there a certain smell to really cold freezers?
I've worked in alot of food prep environments and no matter if it's ice cream or frozen meats the freezer has a very distinct smell to it, why is that?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ozqmv/eli5why_is_there_a_certain_smell_to_really_cold/
{ "a_id": [ "ccxay81" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The refrigerant is odorless ( _URL_0_ ). You're most likely smelling something resulting from the accumulation of moisture, the food, packaging, etc." ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane" ] ]
t7aan
Would a pool of water protect you from the pressure wave and fiery heat of a bomb's explosion?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t7aan/would_a_pool_of_water_protect_you_from_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c4k5cde", "c4k6835" ], "score": [ 3, 6 ], "text": [ "Depends on how far away from the blast you are and where the blast originated (in the water or on top of the water), as well as the type of explosive. Mythbusters did an episode to test this myth and they used three types o...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
10wqoh
what determines the cc of an engine? what makes a bike 250cc vs. 500cc also why is a higher cc faster(typically)?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10wqoh/eli5_what_determines_the_cc_of_an_engine_what/
{ "a_id": [ "c6hb691", "c6hd0d0" ], "score": [ 8, 2 ], "text": [ "It's a measure of volume in **c**ubic **c**entimeters that the pistons in the engine can displace. Very simply put, bigger engines are more powerful. ", "cc's are dependent on the stroke of a piston and the diameter of t...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
1nqhr5
why is it that the nations of the commonwealth (canada, uk, australia, etc.) do not have the same traveling protocol as, say, the eu? why can't citizens of commonwealth nations travel into other commonwealth nations without showing passports, etc?
I just think it would be great if I, a Canadian, could go to England or Australia and not have to go through the complicated border stuff. Why can't we just show our Commonwealth membership and go about our day?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1nqhr5/eli5_why_is_it_that_the_nations_of_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ccl23q5", "ccl29ub", "ccl2ftq", "ccl9ma0", "ccljmpz" ], "score": [ 4, 3, 4, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Simply because there is no agreement between the commonwealth countries that would allow that. Despite being linked by history and a queen, they are still di...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
6b93nr
why are 'geniuses' always good at math?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6b93nr/eli5why_are_geniuses_always_good_at_math/
{ "a_id": [ "dhkr0b6" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "It honestly depends how you view geniuses.\n\nIf like a lot of people you think geniuses dont simply have to be very smart and have a high IQ. For example if you think people can be lyrical geniuses or comedic geniuses etc. Than they likely wont ...
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[ [] ]
qbj95
Is the gravitational pull of an object the same as the sum of the gravitational pull of the atoms that make up that object?
For example, say we have a ball of pure iron made up of 1 million atoms. Is that ball's gravitational pull 1 million times stronger than the gravitational pull of an atom?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qbj95/is_the_gravitational_pull_of_an_object_the_same/
{ "a_id": [ "c3w9prc" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Practically speaking, yes. If you look at the Newtonian theory of gravity, that is exactly what happens, and the Newtonian theory is close enough to the truth on the level you are describing. If you look at really massive objects (like neutron st...
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[ [] ]
1liamo
At the end of WWII in Europe, when Germany was being defeated in April, 1945, and the Allied forces were closing in from the east and the west, were there any incidents where the Russians and Americans/British accidentally fired on each other not realizing that they were fighting their ally?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1liamo/at_the_end_of_wwii_in_europe_when_germany_was/
{ "a_id": [ "cbzlwu6", "cbznaus" ], "score": [ 2, 40 ], "text": [ "Not too certain about how widespread this was, but there is an interesting controversial incident near the end of the war involving Ivan Kozhedub, the highest-scoring Allied Ace of the war, and two American planes:\n_URL_0_...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#Controversy" ], [] ]
x22zt
How can I estimate the size of clouds I see in the sky?
When I look up at the clouds, I am amazed by how huge they are. The challenge I am having difficulty with is understanding just how big the clouds I see really are. Maybe they're just little tiny clouds a few hundred feet wide, and they're really close to the ground. Or maybe they're thunderstorms 100miles wide with c...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/x22zt/how_can_i_estimate_the_size_of_clouds_i_see_in/
{ "a_id": [ "c5ihsp2" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I am not a meteorologist, but can offer some geometrical perspective.\n\nIf you know the altitude, you can get the rest. From the angular position above the horizon and the altitude, you can get the distance by right triangle trigonometry. Alter...
[]
[ "http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/images/cloudchart.gif" ]
[ [] ]
5duixp
how do audio wires work? how does a unit send something through metal wires that comes out of a speaker as a song/voice/etc?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5duixp/eli5_how_do_audio_wires_work_how_does_a_unit_send/
{ "a_id": [ "da7fj89", "da7gbz4", "da7gidb", "da7kzx7" ], "score": [ 5, 34, 9, 3 ], "text": [ "A wire used for audio applications is not fundamentally different than any other kind of wire made of a similar material. They can all transmit electrical signals. The difference ...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]
42gg7v
What's the smallest object that can become a black hole(due to plank length)?
I know that small black holes dissipate extremely quickly, but even so, what's the smallest object that can become a legitimate (though short lived) black hole?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/42gg7v/whats_the_smallest_object_that_can_become_a_black/
{ "a_id": [ "cza60r7" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "The limit is around the Planck mass. When approaching this limit from above quantum gravity effects become important." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
13em72
i really don't want to sound racist, but why do so many indian people smell?
I guess you can argue that I only notice the ones who smell, but..
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13em72/i_really_dont_want_to_sound_racist_but_why_do_so/
{ "a_id": [ "c739osr", "c739urc", "c73b2ar", "c73eqtp" ], "score": [ 13, 12, 7, 2 ], "text": [ "If you cook a lot with spices (rather than store bought jars) then it tends to get in your clothes and hair. Also I find I tend to sweat a curry smell when I've been eating a lot...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
aif0hr
How is an ICBM, used to carry warheads thousands of miles over a presumably high altitude, different than a rocket used to deliver objects into space? Specifically, why does weather affect a space launch window and not affect a potential ICBM launch?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/aif0hr/how_is_an_icbm_used_to_carry_warheads_thousands/
{ "a_id": [ "eenafrg", "eenciqt", "eenlfsv", "eenyn68" ], "score": [ 31, 9, 2, 6 ], "text": [ "Many ICBMs have been repurposed to launch payloads to space and many rocket designs are based on ICBMs.\n\nThe difference is simply the expected reliability. If you lose a satelli...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
3jwz6f
As one of the effects of MDMA on the human brain, what is the exact mechanism by which MDMA affects the (left) amygdala?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3jwz6f/as_one_of_the_effects_of_mdma_on_the_human_brain/
{ "a_id": [ "cuub2qt" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "MDMA causes release of massive amounts (well, \"massive\" in a relative sense) of serotonin and dopamine. Activation of seritonergic neurons in the amygdala is linked to a decrease in anxiety...thus, this is suggested to be part of the mechanism ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_17-1-2014-11-35-46", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=bankson+2001+mdma", "http://jop.sagepub.com/content/23/4/389.full.pdf+html" ] ]
he4hw
How is it that (kinetic) energy appears or disappears based on your frame of reference?
IF you have a rock in intergalactic space at rest, it has no kinetic energy, but then you notice that it really is moving you just didn't see the fixed galaxies in the background so suddenly it does have kinetic energy. This makes no sense to me. Where does the energy come from? Perhaps kinetic energy is "the ability...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/he4hw/how_is_it_that_kinetic_energy_appears_or/
{ "a_id": [ "c1up4em", "c1upo6q" ], "score": [ 6, 5 ], "text": [ "Kinetic energy is only conserved within one particular reference frame.", "Two-ex's answer is the right one. But just to elaborate, possibly in a way that you will not find helpful: Kinetic energy is not actually a *thin...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
nkriv
Is there such a thing as a non-reflective liquid?
I know it seems like a silly question but this sparked my intrigue and my searches online have proved fruitless. When a material becomes liquid the surface become smooth and thus allowing light to be reflected giving it a shiny or glossy look (water, oil, mercury... etc), so is there some element or compound that does...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nkriv/is_there_such_a_thing_as_a_nonreflective_liquid/
{ "a_id": [ "c39vgu0", "c39x4ux", "c39vgu0", "c39x4ux" ], "score": [ 3, 4, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "In order to get something that will not reflect, you need something with with an index of refraction close to that of air 1.0002926. Random internet searching yielded the best can...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial#Negative_index_materials" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial#Negative_index_materials" ] ]
bz5v7q
if grapes become raisins when dried, why does mango when dried, remain as dried mango.
Same with plums to prunes etc.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bz5v7q/eli5_if_grapes_become_raisins_when_dried_why_does/
{ "a_id": [ "eqq8ehi", "eqq8f5g", "eqq8k8n", "eqq90ti", "eqrace9" ], "score": [ 10, 7, 3, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Well with plums to prunes it’s even weirder!!\n\nGrapes dry into raisins. When juiced we say grape juice! No such thing as raisin juice!\n\nPlums dry into ...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
7uo8bm
why do animals shed fur all their lives, but when you make a fur coat, it doesn't shed?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7uo8bm/eli5_why_do_animals_shed_fur_all_their_lives_but/
{ "a_id": [ "dtluswf", "dtluvg8" ], "score": [ 8, 3 ], "text": [ "Because fur on an animal works like hair on a person - it grows and sheadding is a built in way to keep it clean and maintained. Along with grooming habits like licking.\n\nA fur coats fur does not grow, as a fur coat is no...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
2rrvdu
how do car doors freeze shut?
I never understood metal and freezing. Is it water left behind from our breath?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2rrvdu/eli5how_do_car_doors_freeze_shut/
{ "a_id": [ "cniooxk" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "There's one main thing that causes this and it is the rubber gasket that lines your entire door.\n\nOver time, that gasket gets moisture in it. Since it's a rubbery porous material, it holds onto it. When it starts to get cold, that moisture free...
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[ [] ]
1604qv
Why is the moon's density lower than Earth's density?
From various sources I gather that Earth's density is around 5 g/cm^3 and the moon's - around 3 g/cm^3. I've also heard that the moon is formed when a Mars-sized object collided with Earth during its formation, so why are the densities different?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1604qv/why_is_the_moons_density_lower_than_earths_density/
{ "a_id": [ "c7rgg59", "c7rigd1" ], "score": [ 2, 6 ], "text": [ "The reason an impact would create a less-dense moon is because 1) the heavier elements would have settled near the core of the proto-Earth that existed before the collision, and as such less of them would be ejected, and 2) ...
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[ [], [] ]
56cup8
why are so many resolutions considered 2k?
I've seen 2560x1080, 2560x1440, and 3440x1440 all described as "2K." Why are they all lumped together when some are higher resolutions than others?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/56cup8/eli5_why_are_so_many_resolutions_considered_2k/
{ "a_id": [ "d8i8kla" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Because '2K' is a marketing term with no formal definition. Basically what the people selling the screens are trying to say is that the resolution is better than 1080p." ] }
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[ [] ]
26z0st
why is it that the word allegedly is used even though there is video evidence that the act was in fact committed?
I hear all the time in news storied about someone "allegedly" committing an act and then they shoy the video of the same party actually doing what they were to have "allegedly" done.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26z0st/eli5_why_is_it_that_the_word_allegedly_is_used/
{ "a_id": [ "chvt8b6", "chvtat7", "chvvgrq" ], "score": [ 3, 4, 3 ], "text": [ "It's common practice for people who work with the law to use this terminology. It reminds everyone that no one is guilty until that guilt is decided by a court of law.", "If there's a video of a per...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
28jkq9
why remove the downvote/upvote counter?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28jkq9/eli5why_remove_the_downvoteupvote_counter/
{ "a_id": [ "cibj3ha", "cibj4tb" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ " > Why remove the downvote/upvote counter?\n\nBecause it's never been accurate in the first place. Their \"fuzzing\" algorithm adds fake votes to comments and submissions to prevent bot networks from being able to know if t...
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[ [], [] ]
2y7vuf
breast implants
How do breast implants work? What is the procedure? How does it feel? I'm a guy but I'm curious
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y7vuf/eli5_breast_implants/
{ "a_id": [ "cp729aj" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Silicone is placed in the required area. Procedure is similiar to plastic surgery. It feels good when you touch it." ] }
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[ [] ]
2mb9cf
Is there a limit to how many times you can gravity assist a space craft with one planet before it stops increasing its velocity?
I was watching [this video of Rosetta's journey](_URL_0_) and it spent 5 years getting 3 gravity assists from Earth and 1 from Mars. Is there a limit to how much velocity it could gain just using the inner planets to gravity assist over and over? Could you just have a space craft do this for like 50 years until it's go...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mb9cf/is_there_a_limit_to_how_many_times_you_can/
{ "a_id": [ "cm2nw3s", "cm2qn8o", "cm2sv16", "cm2szry", "cm2tcgd", "cm2yhxm", "cm2ztzm", "cm2zzpa", "cm345ua", "cm38ic0", "cm3afjm" ], "score": [ 586, 232, 110, 4, 27, 2, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "There's an upper li...
[]
[ "http://youtu.be/ktrtvCvZb28" ]
[ [], [], [ "http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/grav/primer.php" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
46otsq
Could a musket actually be tap-loaded effectively and regularly, or is that just a myth?
Something about this has always interested me; if tap loading was supposedly so dang fast and awesome, why wasn't everyone tap loading? I'm assuming it's quite dangerous, but that could be wrong. Can someone explain this to me?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/46otsq/could_a_musket_actually_be_taploaded_effectively/
{ "a_id": [ "d074bew" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Yes, you can tap-load a musket for a couple of shots, IF, as was typical, the ball is a loose fit in the bore. The tricky thing is that as the bore fouls ( and black powder creates a good bit of fouling) the ball will be tighter and tighter, and ...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
zcgi5
broadband pricing tiers — business vs. home
These are the offers that Time Warner provided to my business. Offer One: "8mb x 1mb $101 per month" = $12.60 per MB down Offer Two: "10 X 2 $336 per month" = $36.60 per MB down So, not only is the price more than what I pay for my cable modem at home—which is much faster at 22MB down—but **the price per MB down goe...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zcgi5/eli5_broadband_pricing_tiers_business_vs_home/
{ "a_id": [ "c63ehr4" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "One reason that business is more than home is because it usually comes with higher uptime guarantees, different (better) technical support and issue response times, and less restrictions (generally you're not supposed run a webserver on a home co...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
98akpu
Were there differences in the quality of metalworking between the Roman Empire and medieval Europe?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/98akpu/were_there_differences_in_the_quality_of/
{ "a_id": [ "e4kl6lw" ], "score": [ 179 ], "text": [ "The quality of iron objects improved immensely after the collapse of the Roman iron industry.\n\nArchaeometallurgists (people who study the metallurgy of archaeological artifacts) use a method called metallography to evaluate the quality and co...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://books.google.com/books?id=qRg_sxDT6ywC&dq=chris+wickham+framing+the+early+middle+ages&source=gbs_navlinks_s", "https://books.google.com/books/about/The_metallography_of_early_ferrous_edge.html?id=lZDbAAAAMAAJ", "https://academic.oup.com/past/article-abstract/217/1/3/1433097", "htt...
1zzkgp
To what extent is Ibn Rush (AKA Averroes) regarded as the "founding father of secular thought in Western Europe"?
In the wikipedia article for [Ibn Rush](_URL_0_), it states in the second paragraph that he has been described as the "founding father of secular thought in Western Europe". Is this statement true? To what extent is it true? What are some ways in which he has affected the development of secular thought in Western Europ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1zzkgp/to_what_extent_is_ibn_rush_aka_averroes_regarded/
{ "a_id": [ "cfyjxia" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "\"Secular thought\" is a tough thing to quantify here. Lots of people tend to look at him as secular simply because he opposed the orthodox Ash'ari ideas of Imam al-Ghazali, but he was by no means secular in the modern European sense. His greates...
[]
[ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes" ]
[ [] ]
22b1ag
Why are we so dependent on bees to pollinate our crops?
I've been looking at information pertaining to the mass bee die offs. They've talked about the resulting agricultural decline that is sure to follow the loss of our nations bees, and it's got me wondering, aren't there other organisms that use pollen as a food source and travel from plant to pant to obtain said pollen?...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/22b1ag/why_are_we_so_dependent_on_bees_to_pollinate_our/
{ "a_id": [ "cgl79o9", "cgla7cq", "cgogzqg" ], "score": [ 5, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Bees don't eat the pollen, they just spread it. That being said, bees are primary pollinators for a great many plants, and in some cases the exclusive pollinator. Some plants just plain aren't attractiv...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
1au9oh
Why do Russian military aircraft have a teal interior paint scheme?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1au9oh/why_do_russian_military_aircraft_have_a_teal/
{ "a_id": [ "c90u9kt", "c90vu9b" ], "score": [ 38, 2 ], "text": [ " > easy on the eyes\n\nThat's part of the reason. It's meant to keep pilots calm in combat and allow for easier transitions when looking inside and outside. The VVS started using it in WW2 but it's been kept around with s...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.pixstel.com/sukhoi-su-25-cockpit_pics81-8124.jpg", "http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/cockpits/su34/su34_panel_02.jpg", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/MiG-29_cockpit_3.jpg" ] ]
13bi3f
cardinality, what is it, and how does it work?
I'm currently researching Cantor's Diagonal Argument, and I understand how it shows that some infinities are larger than others, I understand that. My question is what is Cardinality and how is it found. I don't need to be too technical or anything, I just need a basic overview, something that anyone could understa...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13bi3f/elif_cardinality_what_is_it_and_how_does_it_work/
{ "a_id": [ "c72hi43", "c72hkqa", "c72igut" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "\"Cardinality\" pretty much just means size. The cardinality of a set is its size.\n\nCommonly, instead of formalizing the cardinality of a set as a particular thing, we formalize the idea of one set be...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_number", "http://alecbenzer.com/blog/ordinals-and-cardinals/", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective_function" ], [], [] ]
jfled
How are Particle collisions imaged?
I was looking at [some images of particle collisions](_URL_1_) and wondered how the images are taken... do the detectors use Xrays? Presumably, these images are also colour corrected to make the pictures prettier for layman consumption([As explained by kouhoutek](_URL_0_)) So, what do the originals look like?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jfled/how_are_particle_collisions_imaged/
{ "a_id": [ "c2bofzn", "c2bow1h", "c2bqdnx", "c2bofzn", "c2bow1h", "c2bqdnx" ], "score": [ 6, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2 ], "text": [ " > do the detectors use Xrays?\n\nNo, all our particle detectors for particle physics are actually passive devices. They often get desc...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/jexpo/why_do_the_pictures_from_mars_or_space_in_general/c2bjf6j", "http://images.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1341&bih=512&q=particle+collision+images&gbv=2&oq=particle+col&aq=2&aqi=g10&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_u...
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_chamber" ], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_chamber" ], [] ]
zgpyr
Help in understanding the geography of Greece at the time of the Peloponnesian war.
Is Attica the name of the main body of land in southern Greece? Was the main body of the Pelopennes the northern landmass of Greece? I've found reference to the Corinth canal; what is the name of the water passage that connected the Adriatic and Aegean seas? This is my first time reading through Thucydides and any help...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/zgpyr/help_in_understanding_the_geography_of_greece_at/
{ "a_id": [ "c64fosq" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ " > Is Attica the name of the main body of land in southern Greece?\n\n[Attica](_URL_3_) is the general area around Athens.\n\n > Was the main body of the Pelopennes the northern landmass of Greece?\n\nThe [Peloponnesus](_URL_0_) is the big south...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnese", "http://www.amazon.com/The-Landmark-Thucydides-Comprehensive-Peloponnesian/dp/0684827905", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_Canal", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica" ] ]
1ws6r4
how can stores sell things on sale while still making a profit?
Are stores essentially ripping us off if the item isn't on sale? I recently bought a bag of Chexmix on sale for 0.99 while the original price was 3.79. How could a store (walgreens) do something like that and still make a profit? Does this mean when the item isn't on sale the store makes a lot more money?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ws6r4/eli5how_can_stores_sell_things_on_sale_while/
{ "a_id": [ "cf4vw9r", "cf4vx3j", "cf4w1ig" ], "score": [ 2, 13, 3 ], "text": [ "It's called a loss leader. It's something to get you into the store where you'll probably see something else you want, maybe a drink, maybe get something for dinner too...", "There are two things t...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
f21xk
Where does the energy to keep Europa's ocean liquid come from? Conservation of energy question.
I'm taking an oceanography class, and my professor mentioned the possibility of an ocean on Europa, kept liquid by the gravitational pull of Jupiter cracking the ice on the surface, thereby warming the interior. I understand how this would work, but if energy is "lost" to heat, where did it come from in the first place...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/f21xk/where_does_the_energy_to_keep_europas_ocean/
{ "a_id": [ "c1cou48", "c1cqet1" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "[I would explain it, but wikipedia does a good enough job](_URL_0_)", "My first guess would have been radiation from the sun, but the orbit of Jupiter is about 5 A.U., meaning it and its moons receive about 1/(5²) = 4% o...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_\\(moon\\)#Orbit_and_rotation" ], [] ]
1lznz1
I found this painting cleaning out my grandfather's house- anyone know who it is (probably German)? (X post from /r/AskHistory) _URL_0_
My Grandfather passed away and I found this painting in his room. He was from Poland so it seems weird that he had a German painting in his closet, but that is what this appears to be. The signature at the bottom says "Nicholas". _URL_0_
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1lznz1/i_found_this_painting_cleaning_out_my/
{ "a_id": [ "cc4cvlt" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "It is [Józef Piłsudski](_URL_0_)." ] }
[ "http://i.imgur.com/QqqU1yj.jpg" ]
[ "http://i.imgur.com/QqqU1yj.jpg" ]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" ] ]
98o5d2
I recently found a knife handle from a US Army mess kit and I want to know a bit more about it.
Like the title says, I was out on a hike and found the aluminum handle from a knife used in US Army mess kits. My research online tells me that it was produced by the company L.F. & C. and videos online show it being found in 1960's era kits, but the stamp on the back under LF & C says 1917. Now the Landers, Frary and ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/98o5d2/i_recently_found_a_knife_handle_from_a_us_army/
{ "a_id": [ "e4hkkfc", "e4hlqoi" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "A Model 1917. Most military surplus stores have them in bins for small change. Staple of campers and Boy Scouts everywhere.", "Sorry, just a Model number. It's the year it was accepted for use by the US Army. Check i...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
9bqj97
Until Clinton's presidency in the 90s, California voted mainly Republican senators and governors and Texas voted mainly Democrat ones. During and since Clinton, California has voted mainly Democrat and Texas has voted Republican. What caused this drastic switch?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9bqj97/until_clintons_presidency_in_the_90s_california/
{ "a_id": [ "e572iu2" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "Concerning Texas and the South (can't speak for California). I'll attempt a brief summary of many events, some of them bloody. It was a drastic switch and a drastic time.\n\nThe Democratic party began to lose the south with the passage of the ...
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[]
[ [ "https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0331.html", "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/07/18/what-happened-in-chicago-in-1968-and-why-is-everyone-talking-about-it-now/?utm_term=.f606131507ad", "https://www.rollcall.com/news/party-div...
3f7gci
how can cats cover themselves in saliva daily and not stink?
Because when I do it, I smell like shit.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3f7gci/eli5_how_can_cats_cover_themselves_in_saliva/
{ "a_id": [ "ctm35gw" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Cat saliva contains a natural antiseptic which keeps their fur clean. \nAccording to wiki \"Nitrates that are naturally found in saliva break down into nitric oxide on contact with skin, which inhibit bacterial growth\"." ] }
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[ [] ]
36h7y7
how culturally and technologically advanced were natives of australia compared to native american civilizations?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36h7y7/eli5_how_culturally_and_technologically_advanced/
{ "a_id": [ "crdxjmp", "cre9d9o" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Well, that rather depends how you define \"culturally advanced\", doesn't it? \n\nBut by the usual metrics of technological advancement, mesolithic.", "Australia's a big place and there's a lot of diversity, so I'll just...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://aboriginalsaustralia.weebly.com/uploads/2/9/6/9/29696273/9247718.png?432", "https://books.google.com/books?id=XbuRAQAAQBAJ", "http://www.magntfoundation.org/360%20inside%20view.JPG", "https://books.google.com/books?id=xNhsTkT6MZ8C", "https://books.google.com/books?id=NZdr_x-VNBsC...
7ohs01
why aren't you supposed to pour boiling water on honey?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7ohs01/eli5_why_arent_you_supposed_to_pour_boiling_water/
{ "a_id": [ "ds9m28k", "ds9m4ic" ], "score": [ 3, 6 ], "text": [ "Google is your friend mate. Turns out it is mostly a myth. \n\n_URL_0_\n\n > The health benefits of honey are pretty negligible. That said, mixing it with hot water or even heating it directly will not make honey toxic.\n\n ...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.quora.com/Does-mixing-honey-with-hot-liquid-tea-and-milk-reduce-its-health-benefits-and-even-become-toxic" ], [] ]
5zir1r
How reliable was pilot kill counts during WW2? What kept pilots from inflating their scores for personal gain, or countries from doing the same for propaganda purposes?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5zir1r/how_reliable_was_pilot_kill_counts_during_ww2/
{ "a_id": [ "deyje70", "deyuh5z", "dez04mj", "dez5ozn", "dezwo2i", "df00icn" ], "score": [ 327, 62, 21, 5, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "In WWII, fighter pilot kill claims were generally exaggerated ~~by about a factor or 5 to 10~~(Edit: to a degree ranging from very s...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://heroesdeguerra.blogspot.com.es/2012/05/avande-de-entrevista.html" ], [], [] ]
3306qq
why do cats sometimes kill smaller animals for no reason?
I have read in a post about introduced species that domestic cats will often hunt and kill birds, which is to be expected from carnivores and is understandable on the cat's part. But even well-fed, well nourished cats will do this, which is usually indicated by the fact that they just leave the kill there, and will not...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3306qq/eli5_why_do_cats_sometimes_kill_smaller_animals/
{ "a_id": [ "cqgac3x", "cqgadr2", "cqgcvgj" ], "score": [ 2, 12, 2 ], "text": [ "It's to maintain their predatory skills. They are hunters by nature. If they didn't have us for care they'd have to hunt for food. ", "Think of the cat as a wild hunting machine that just so happen...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
md9p4
What kind of advancements are being made in weather forecasting?
I know forecasting is based largely on models, and Doppler radar has been an extremely important tool in prediction. I'm curious about where advancements are being made though, is it mostly in better modeling and fast computers? Are there any "revolutionary" technologies on the horizon?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/md9p4/what_kind_of_advancements_are_being_made_in/
{ "a_id": [ "c300ibq", "c300s4h", "c300ibq", "c300s4h" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "It's probably more of the opposite, NOAA funding cuts means they won't be able to replace satellites and can barely maintain current ones.", "just aced a meteorology class... T...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OU-PRIME" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OU-PRIME" ] ]
1ye244
Camel cataphracts and similar cavalry units-- the real deal or a cute little anachronism?
Just came across downloadable content for Rome:Total War 2 and it included camel cataphracts (i.e. covered in what looks like splintmail). Now, it isn't the first game to have implied there were armored cavalry........to which I ask. *What is the actual historical basis of armored cavalry where the animal is covered ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ye244/camel_cataphracts_and_similar_cavalry_units_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cfjwerc" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "To make a long story short-\nArmored cavalry with armored horses are a VERY old concept, and were incredibly effective.\nThe byzantines, at various times in their history, were infamous for deploying (comparatively) large groups of them, and usin...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataphract", "http://www.myarmoury.com/feature_armies_french.html" ] ]
rb6p4
cancer.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/rb6p4/eli5_cancer/
{ "a_id": [ "c44ecel", "c44eg1q", "c44egzw", "c44eo2d", "c44eugj" ], "score": [ 7, 44, 3, 6, 4 ], "text": [ "A cancerous cell is a cell that has gone through uncontrolled division. It has the possibility of disrupting neighboring cells and causing them to not functi...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=cancer&restrict_sr=on" ], [], [] ]
29a8y9
What would the effects on the human body be from going from -70F to 110F weather very quickly, as it is a difference in 140F?
I was watching *Life Below Zero* on TV last night and this question came to my mind. The cold temperatures where one of the people lived got to -70F. Where I live, the highs get into the 110F range in the summer. If a person were to go from the -70F weather to the 110F weather where I live, what would the effects be ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/29a8y9/what_would_the_effects_on_the_human_body_be_from/
{ "a_id": [ "ciiypzv", "cij3pzk", "cij3spi" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 5 ], "text": [ "Well, lets assume the person was not completely exposed to the elements in either case. If it gets to -70, you are not going outside without proper clothing. If it were to change in an instant, you woul...
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[ [], [], [] ]
5fewzf
how does "making yourself heavy" make you heavier to carry?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5fewzf/eli5_how_does_making_yourself_heavy_make_you/
{ "a_id": [ "dajoxtc" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "When you \"make yourself heavy\", you go limp, meaning that whoever wants to carry you must support and maneuver your entire body weight. This makes you feel a lot heavier than if you were supporting yourself in small part using your legs or arm...
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[ [] ]
1swqft
why do countrys seprate into states?
Like why does the USA Or Canada need states and provinces can't it just be one nation?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1swqft/eli5_why_do_countrys_seprate_into_states/
{ "a_id": [ "ce1zd62", "ce1zh0y" ], "score": [ 2, 3 ], "text": [ "They didn't separate into states. The individual states joined together to form countries. However, while they could agree to ally together for certain purposes (e.g. foreign policy, interstate commerce, etc.), they could no...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
7pkntn
During the French Revolution, many French officers had fled abroad, and the ones who stayed feared their own troops. The new Revolutionary Army was comprised of poorly trained conscripts against multiple, better trained armeis. So how did France mange to win the War of the First Coalition?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7pkntn/during_the_french_revolution_many_french_officers/
{ "a_id": [ "dsj9pfd" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "I want to concentrate on the period 1792-1794, which is the initial post-revolutionary period, with context surrounding these years.\n\nAfter the War of the Austrian Succession in 1750 France founded the Ecole Millitare, which in 1777 became the ...
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[ [] ]
3800lx
British officers in WW1
There's a stereotype around WWI that the officers and higher ranks were all taken from public schools rather than due to experience, which is why so many stupid decisions were made. If this is true, are there any known diaries or letters recording these officers as admitting / realising they had no idea what they were ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3800lx/british_officers_in_ww1/
{ "a_id": [ "crr6t32" ], "score": [ 10 ], "text": [ " > the officers and higher ranks were all taken from public schools rather than due to experience\n\nThis is only partially true; yes, a great majority would have attended public school, considering that it took money and education to be an of...
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[ [] ]
meg8o
Can someone briefly explain the Lorenz Attractor?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/meg8o/can_someone_briefly_explain_the_lorenz_attractor/
{ "a_id": [ "c308vo3", "c30934v", "c308vo3", "c30934v" ], "score": [ 3, 5, 3, 5 ], "text": [ "Basically the Lorenz attractor comes from modeling of convective flow of a fluid that is being heated from the bottom. (The heated fluid changed in density, which causes it to flo...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
4v35q2
why do the facebook app and mobile site require you to download the messenger app, when opening a desktop version on my phone lets me use the messaging system just fine?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4v35q2/eli5_why_do_the_facebook_app_and_mobile_site/
{ "a_id": [ "d5v1p8h", "d5v2k6b", "d5v32fr", "d5veyk7", "d5vggav", "d5vhrf9", "d5vi9vx", "d5vkb5u" ], "score": [ 15, 20, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I know right? It's BS. My cell phone is paid for by my work and therefore I'm restricted o...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
5mmr0h
In WW2, why were troops allowed to paint on their planes etc? It seems like they would give away their position rather than modern camouflage patterns.
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5mmr0h/in_ww2_why_were_troops_allowed_to_paint_on_their/
{ "a_id": [ "dc5fhtd" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Painting of aircraft and the levity allowed for individual markings depended on the time, place, air service doctrine and conditions.\n\nFor example Royal Air Force and Germany-based Luftwaffe aircraft tended to be painted in the standard schemes...
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[]
[ [] ]
4ic1sh
What is the difference between vapor and gas?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4ic1sh/what_is_the_difference_between_vapor_and_gas/
{ "a_id": [ "d2x51ar" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "All condensed phases of matter have finite \"vapour pressures\" meaning that they lose mass by evaporation unless/until a dynamic equilibrium with the gas phase is reached. The vapour, then, is the gaseous form of the material (from evaporation) ...
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[ [] ]
11dfto
What qualifies a certain aquatic species to be called a shark?
I'm aware that sharks are commonly associated with streamlined aquatic denizens with extreme predatory skills, but I'm also aware (thanks Shark Week) that there are sharks alive today that don't meet the stereotypical image of a shark. Also that there have been fossilized remains of aquatic creatures found that do not...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/11dfto/what_qualifies_a_certain_aquatic_species_to_be/
{ "a_id": [ "c6lhohw", "c6lhoqj" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "[Six reasons.](_URL_0_) Second Google search result. Very clearly-written explanation, I like this site.", "Sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras make up the class Chondrichthyes (\"cartilage fish\"). Key features of chond...
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[]
[ [ "http://science.kqed.org/quest/2008/10/02/what-makes-a-shark-a-shark/" ], [] ]
1yc790
Could someone recommend me articles/books on the subject of the development of hereditary feudal system?
Or in general: early feudal society (9th-10th centuries). I've read M. Bloch, but want more :-)
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1yc790/could_someone_recommend_me_articlesbooks_on_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cfj79ag", "cfja45v" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "You'd probably do well to check out [*Fiefs and Vassals* by Susan Reynolds](_URL_1_). It's pretty much essential reading if you want to know the other side of the debate with Bloch's view that's been rumbling on since [Eliza...
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[ [ "http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1350026.files/Brown-Tyranny-of-a-Construct.pdf", "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3486916-fiefs-and-vassals?bf=1000&from_search=true" ], [ "https://www.academia.edu/3515366/Le_debat_sur_la_mutation_feodale_etat_de_la_question", "http://www.lu...
6b9mzd
how did worms get inside a mango seed if it didn't make any holes on the outside.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6b9mzd/eli5_how_did_worms_get_inside_a_mango_seed_if_it/
{ "a_id": [ "dhkukqm" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "They burrow inside before the seed is fully matured.\n\n > The newly hatched larva is about 1 mm long and burrows through the pulp and into the seed where it will remain until it becomes an adult. Minimum time from hatching to seed penetration i...
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8z2t3i
Why was George Washington elected as "President" and not, for example, as "Chancellor", "Leader", or "Director"? Why was "President" specifically used?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8z2t3i/why_was_george_washington_elected_as_president/
{ "a_id": [ "e2g3pri", "e3sje4z" ], "score": [ 400, 2 ], "text": [ "[This answer](_URL_0_) by /u/bigslothonmyface explains why \"President\" was chosen over a more elevated title. They don't give a reason why \"President\" specifically was chosen though.", "I remember a historian comme...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6m3blf/woodrow_wilson_had_a_phd_was_he_addressed_as_dr/djz6d9w/" ], [ "https://www.npr.org/2016/02/15/466848438/why-president-how-the-u-s-named-its-leader" ] ]
dhia19
why do employers give new employees higher salaries, rather than rewarding loyalty and giving the better salary to employees already there?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dhia19/eli5_why_do_employers_give_new_employees_higher/
{ "a_id": [ "f3o6n6y", "f3o6tuc" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "The question you have to ask yourself is why would they.\n\nYour coworker still works there. There is no incentive for your bosses to pay them any better than they currently do. Sure loyalty is virtuous and should be rewarde...
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6hiwlf
why is the vision of spiders depicted as them seeing 8 of the same image as opposed to those 8 eyes merging the images together like human eyes?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hiwlf/eli5_why_is_the_vision_of_spiders_depicted_as/
{ "a_id": [ "diypa4h" ], "score": [ 11 ], "text": [ "Because that's literally how they work! It's called a compound eye, and it is comprised of many similarly shaped pieces that \"see\" independently from the others.\n\nAs a result, their vision looks like many repeats of the same image. It's actu...
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8swsfu
what is that we see as happiness/love/desire/sadness/depression in someone else’s eyes? has then something physically changed in person’s eyeballs or how are those feelings manifested that make us to perceive them so effortlessly?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8swsfu/eli5_what_is_that_we_see_as/
{ "a_id": [ "e12wgwj" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "It's the combination of eyelids, cheeks, and eyebrows. Those three areas of the face are all very close together, and very slight differences in angle and tension can communicate a wealth of information about what the person is thinking/feeling....
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2m3cop
what would landing on a flying aircraft carrier be like from a physics standpoint?
Saw this... _URL_0_ Could a plane just match the speed and just slowly lower until it was sitting on the carrier?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2m3cop/eli5what_would_landing_on_a_flying_aircraft/
{ "a_id": [ "cm0lit0" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Pretty much. Seeing as how modern aircraft carriers already move in 3 dimensions (bobbing up and down on waves and such.) The physics of actually landing would be pretty much the same.\n\nThe only likely problem would be trying to land in the dir...
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[ "http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/11/tech/innovation/flying-aircraft-carrier/index.html?hpt=hp_c3" ]
[ [] ]
2hmk8v
why is it that when you hit a dimming/dying flashlight it becomes brighter and lasts for a little longer?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hmk8v/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_you_hit_a_dimmingdying/
{ "a_id": [ "cku1lb6", "cku2dup" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm sure it has something to do with the battery connection.\n\nOn a lot of remote powered things, remote controls are a great example, if you take the batteries out and put them back in they work a little longer. Works if y...
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2hdq5o
why was there all this question about whether or not russia sent troops to ukraine in this day and age? is it really not that black and white when they claim thousands of troops and tanks?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hdq5o/eli5_why_was_there_all_this_question_about/
{ "a_id": [ "ckrq301", "ckrqz75" ], "score": [ 2, 5 ], "text": [ "A man breaks into your apartment in the middle of the night. A piece of uniform shirt is sticking out from under his jacket, so you think he's a cop. You call 911.\n\n\"Hello, 911, what is your emergency?\"\n\n\"There's a po...
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5aikpe
why is the x86 architecture the only real force in the home computer market?
I understand ARM based computers exist in IOT capacities and ARM is popular in the Android world and apple has its class of Axx chips but I find it interesting that The home PC market is all x86, usually there is at least two competitors at the top but it seems that there isn't. It's amazing that he two biggest compute...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5aikpe/eli5_why_is_the_x86_architecture_the_only_real/
{ "a_id": [ "d9gp1ia", "d9gqf2n" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "To find the real reason, we need to go back to the early 1980s.\n\nIBM wanted to make a home computer. They had a choice of operating systems, and eventually decided to go with Microsoft (that's a story by itself, but we'll ...
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[ [], [] ]
x4gsh
How much did America REALLY help in World War I
How significant was our contribution to the Allied war effort, seeing as the Allies would have won without America? Why did the AEF arrive ready to fight using frontal assault tactics when those had clearly been ineffective and replaced by that time?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/x4gsh/how_much_did_america_really_help_in_world_war_i/
{ "a_id": [ "c5j2u1r", "c5j50rp", "c5j5rn0" ], "score": [ 8, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "America's contribution was pretty much vital in terms of the war finishing in 1918. From the point of view of the Western Allies, things were actually looking quite bleak in 1917. For one, the French Ar...
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erci38
how do banks hold electronic money?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/erci38/eli5_how_do_banks_hold_electronic_money/
{ "a_id": [ "ff2ucu0" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "All banks must have accounts with the Central Bank (at least for US) but it isn't for the reasons you mention. Banks can simply debit and credit each other electronically without need for Central Banks to keep a record since each Bank will defini...
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6k5a8v
Why is it believed black holes preserve mass, charge and angular momentum, but not baryon number, weak isospin and lepton number?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6k5a8v/why_is_it_believed_black_holes_preserve_mass/
{ "a_id": [ "djjqydt" ], "score": [ 11 ], "text": [ "Basically nobody has a fully quantum mechanically sound theory that relates to black holes, so people don't know whether they expect these things to be conserved or not. \n\nI would say these quantities probably are conserved but don't affect t...
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294rfh
why does methamphetamine use ruin your teeth?
I've been watching Orange is the New Black with my mom, and resident redneck Pensatucky's teeth made us both wonder why meth destroys your teeth so much.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/294rfh/eli5_why_does_methamphetamine_use_ruin_your_teeth/
{ "a_id": [ "cihey0t", "cihezjg", "cihf0ro", "cihfdxy", "cihg2rh", "cihgpb8", "cihi5aa", "cihk37g", "cihkn49", "ciho9ko", "cihpnzc", "cihpy7j", "cihq6k0", "ciht9h7" ], "score": [ 10, 2, 173, 7, 8, 4, 15, 7, 2, 5, 6...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
1ofq1p
how do search dogs track scents?
I've seen movies and TV shows that show dogs following the trail of some escaped criminal or missing person, and I'm wondering just what the dogs are picking up on that allows them to continue following the trail. Let's say I'm running from the cops and there are dogs after me. Do my shoes leave behind some trace of m...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ofq1p/eli5_how_do_search_dogs_track_scents/
{ "a_id": [ "ccrj3o8", "ccropqm" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Let's say they have a piece of your clothing. The dog is trained to follow a scent that is given to it, so they let it smell your clothing, then using its extremely acute sense of of smell it is able to follow the scent of t...
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5e9fft
In l’Hospital’s Rule, Why is the limit of a function the derivative of f(x) divided by the derivative of g(x)? Isn’t that like saying: to determine a person’s location you must know their speed?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5e9fft/in_lhospitals_rule_why_is_the_limit_of_a_function/
{ "a_id": [ "daar2pw", "daasld8", "daavr94" ], "score": [ 26, 4, 5 ], "text": [ "L'Hopital's Rule has nothing to do with position, speed, or any physics whatsoever. First of all, it is not true that the limit of f(x)/g(x) is equal to the limit of f'(x)/g'(x). You need some conditio...
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ldeyf
the driving force behind evolution.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ldeyf/eli5_the_driving_force_behind_evolution/
{ "a_id": [ "c2rrd2y", "c2rrdjz", "c2rrfsc", "c2rs2ud", "c2rrd2y", "c2rrdjz", "c2rrfsc", "c2rs2ud" ], "score": [ 13, 2, 3, 2, 13, 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Evolution is based on the idea of \"natural selection\". Let me explain what exactly happe...
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21jd8i
what is icann and why everyone is freaking out over the us ending their contract with them?
My father came home screaming, "OBAMA IS GIVING THE INTERNET TO THE RUSSIANS AND TERRORISTS!" And now I can't find a decent article to sum up what appears to be a fairly intricate system.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21jd8i/eli5_what_is_icann_and_why_everyone_is_freaking/
{ "a_id": [ "cgdlek6" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "In short (I'm over-simplifying here) the ICANN takes care of internet addresses. This has been in the US for years, but after the NSA spying scandal they decided it was time to make some changes. See also: _URL_0_\n\nIt was always the plan to be ...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montevideo_Statement" ] ]
19b2uh
What might the earliest human languages have sounded like?
Are there any still living languages that might be similar enough to get a rough idea?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19b2uh/what_might_the_earliest_human_languages_have/
{ "a_id": [ "c8moyqz", "c8mqraf", "c8mqwzk", "c8mr6ym", "c8mrj24", "c8mxvsm" ], "score": [ 244, 8, 8, 47, 4, 3 ], "text": [ "We have no idea.\n\nSome people are saying \"Click languages!\", based on [this](_URL_3_) research, which claimed to show that phonem...
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[ [ "http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3090", "http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/RayJackendoff/", "http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/Ling611/Lx611Matisoff1990.pdf", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493858" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_language", "http://e...
buqj4i
What happened to the rail network of the US?
An integral part of US frontier history is seemingly centered around building railways, connecting remote areas with the major coastal cities, moving cattle, and moving new settlers around. Why is the modern US seemingly devoid of railway construction and usage, but dominated by plane, truck and car? & #x200B; This ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/buqj4i/what_happened_to_the_rail_network_of_the_us/
{ "a_id": [ "epi1scj", "epigzvx" ], "score": [ 2, 7 ], "text": [ "A similar question was answered [here](_URL_0_) a while ago.", "For the most part, it’s still around. The US doesn’t have construction of railways because we already have lots of them. All the big transcontinental rout...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a1z5iy/why_is_the_infrastructure_for_passenger_and_cargo/" ], [] ]
7rm41g
1) why is there gaps or spaces between galaxies? 2) what fills these gaps or spaces? 3) why aren’t galaxies connect like a web or something?
Something I read about earlier and it fascinating me
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7rm41g/eli5_1_why_is_there_gaps_or_spaces_between/
{ "a_id": [ "dsxxpvt", "dsy1709", "dsy7gks", "dt0gsv6" ], "score": [ 8, 4, 11, 2 ], "text": [ "Gravity makes matter floating in space lump up. Any two nearby objects will tend to attract each other, and any long string will attract its ends toward the middle, making a tight...
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[ [], [], [ "http://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace_solarsystem.html", "https://2ai9u93bg0gn4e99nu2g8mbj-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/heic0602a-1200x938.jpg", "http://www.sun.org/uploads/images/Millennium_simulation_500Mpch.jpg" ], [] ]
4jz809
Is there a certain density needed for gravity?
Sorry if this is a dumb question , I don't study science. What I mean is that, if you had a completly gravity free zone could you orbit something around say, a pebble or yourself? If so how small would the object orbiting you need to be? Thanks for at least reading!
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4jz809/is_there_a_certain_density_needed_for_gravity/
{ "a_id": [ "d3c6om5", "d3c7st6", "d3cbk8b" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "There is no theoretical minimum but (above and) below certain masses and (above and) below certain length scales there haven't been experiments.", "your body or a pebble still have little attraction...
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qko06
why dvd ripping is "not okay" and cd ripping is
Why can we rip CDs onto our computer right out of the box, but we need special software for DVDs?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qko06/eli5_why_dvd_ripping_is_not_okay_and_cd_ripping_is/
{ "a_id": [ "c3yc637", "c3yc9y3" ], "score": [ 2, 11 ], "text": [ "Because the DVD companies encrypt their content to prevent piracy and there are no repercussions from the market whereas when music companies attempted this there were repercussions. If you ever really want to know the rea...
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[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Scramble_System" ] ]
8agrkd
How does Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) works inside liquid?
AFM produces better results in liquid as disturbance is less but how exactly does it work inside liquid.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8agrkd/how_does_atomic_force_microscopy_afm_works_inside/
{ "a_id": [ "dwys8bt" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "I’m not exactly sure what you’re asking, but in general it works the same way as it does in air, but with some caveats. \n\nIn air, you scan the tip, which is at the end of a cantilever, over your sample. At the same time, you bounce a laser off ...
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470p02
Is the color red lucky in China because of tradition, or because Communism is associated with the color?
I've been wondering about this for some time. Did the Communist party promote the color red as a "lucky color" to legitimize themselves in some way?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/470p02/is_the_color_red_lucky_in_china_because_of/
{ "a_id": [ "d09gtqi" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "This question is not really a good question for /r/AskHistorians as this particular question is more of an anthropology question. That said:\n\nRed as a symbolic color in China has always been considered culturally lucky and associated with joy ...
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1vedya
how it is not discrimination for offering race specific scholarships.
As an example, there are scholarships that only African or Hispanics are eligible for. I get that they are a minority, but they are also eligible for the same scholarships that Caucasians are eligible for. Why isn't this considered discrimination/racism against whites?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vedya/eli5how_it_is_not_discrimination_for_offering/
{ "a_id": [ "cerenkc", "cergm0v" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "It is discrimination -- it's publicly acceptable (and completely legal) discrimination.", "I don't live in the states but even where I live there are scholarships for minorities/kids of army veterans etc and they're ALSO...
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6cpdp0
why do water droplets reflect their surroundings upside down?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6cpdp0/eli5_why_do_water_droplets_reflect_their/
{ "a_id": [ "dhwcq8i" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The water droplets act like a converging lens. When you are close enough to a water droplet to see the reflection clearly, you are still outside the focal length, so the image appears upside down and stretched out. Were you able to get *very* clo...
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15swxu
Regarding armed combat, was a dual wielding style ever used or maybe even advantageous?
I'm thinking of movies, and you often see people dual wielding swords, knives, and even guns. In my head this is completely for looks but I'm not well versed in the art of fighting especially when it comes to specific instruments so I thought I'd ask you wise redditors if there are instances/weapons where dual wielding...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/15swxu/regarding_armed_combat_was_a_dual_wielding_style/
{ "a_id": [ "c7pj3we", "c7pjxra", "c7plj27" ], "score": [ 7, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Miyamoto Musashi was famous for mastering a dual sword technique if I'm not mistaken", "I have not seen many references to \"dual wielding\" in combat in historical sources. The only references I ha...
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[ [], [], [] ]
7ushol
Can mitochondria catch viruses?
Cells get "caught" making viruses because immune cells see viruses being made and budding off on the surface, the proteins give them away. But, if instead viruses invaded mitochondria, they could multiply inside of cells unchecked, and then one day the cell would burst and the virus would spread everywhere. This would...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7ushol/can_mitochondria_catch_viruses/
{ "a_id": [ "dtn8697", "dtnk6sp" ], "score": [ 4, 3 ], "text": [ "\"The self-destruction of cells infected with viruses undergoes the process of apoptosis generally to restrict infection and the spread of viral progeny. To avoid infection host has evolved interconnected complex defence net...
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[ [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488915000099", "https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/mitochondria-as-a-favourite-organelle-for-invading-viruses-2168-9547-1000181.php?aid=84929", "https://www.hindawi.com/journals/av/2013/738794/" ], [] ]
b0g84x
how red light therapy works
My friend just bought a light from joovv claiming it’s miraculous healing powers. Nothing about it makes sense to me. How does this work?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b0g84x/eli5_how_red_light_therapy_works/
{ "a_id": [ "eiencit", "eland07" ], "score": [ 11, 2 ], "text": [ " > \tNothing about it makes sense to me. How does this work?\n\nIt is simple: Saps pay money for a red LED light and believe any pseudoscientific nonsense that is tossed their way. The scam artist makes a load of money off ...
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[ [], [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926176/#B23", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926176/#B22", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926176/#B21", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126803/" ] ]
5qypru
Why is thick ice blue?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5qypru/why_is_thick_ice_blue/
{ "a_id": [ "dd3m12g" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "For the same reason that ocean water is blue. Water and ice both [only absorb weakly in the visible spectrum.](_URL_0_) However this absorption is stronger in the red part of the spectrum and weaker at the blue end. As a result, the intrinsic co...
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[ [ "http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/images/water_spectrum_2.gif" ] ]
2i3ms8
How is it possible to use flourine in toothpaste and how does it prevent decay?
Flourine is highly reactive and reacts with many elements. I've understood that it's used in many different purposes but I'm most interested in how it's used in dental care products. Should it not react with the enamel? Many thanks!
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2i3ms8/how_is_it_possible_to_use_flourine_in_toothpaste/
{ "a_id": [ "ckyhpl1" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ "Flourine vs flouride. Big difference!\n\nHydroxylapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (I don't know how to do subscript on reddit, sorry) undergoes hydroxyl exchange with flouride to form flouroapatite. Fluoroapatite is much more resistant to acid mediated d...
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2n0imv
At which time did poland rename all their cities from German to Polish? Also, why did they rename them?
Hello, I have never found any information on this topic, when did poland rename their cities from German to Polish and also, why? Best regards
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2n0imv/at_which_time_did_poland_rename_all_their_cities/
{ "a_id": [ "cm98htt", "cm98l0f" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "The current set of Polish borders are significantly different from the historical set of borders constituting what is \"Poland\". Poland existed as an independent state until 1795, when it was partitioned between Austria, Pr...
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[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_for_the_Determination_of_Place_Names" ] ]