q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c3rnh1 | what are the actual risks of talking about tienanmen square massacre in china? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c3rnh1/eli5_what_are_the_actual_risks_of_talking_about/ | {
"a_id": [
"ersqrxp"
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"score": [
4
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"text": [
"You’ll get re-educated to be a more harmonious citizen in re-education camp if you have families that would make a fuss if you’re missing, if you don’t you’ll just disappear. \n\nThey actually talk about their version of the event in uni. The gis... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1k5gy9 | Why are rashes red in colour? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1k5gy9/why_are_rashes_red_in_colour/ | {
"a_id": [
"cblm6iu"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Increased blood flow. Histamines and other inflammatory agents which are released at the point of cell damage or an immune response increase the flow of blood to the area, making rashes red and hot."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
w86rh | Why is it that when I am eating cereal, and I have earbuds in, I can hear the crunch so much louder than usual? | Edit for further clarification:
The earbuds that I was using block the entire passage, but any noise made with the mouth sounded significantly louder.... eating cereal or brushing my teeth are the only examples I can think of off the top of my head. But even with the music playing, it still sounded significantly loud... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/w86rh/why_is_it_that_when_i_am_eating_cereal_and_i_have/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5b4cvb",
"c5b5i6a",
"c5b6uc3"
],
"score": [
9,
5,
6
],
"text": [
"The vibrations travel up your jaw to the ear bones. There's a brief [spiel](_URL_0_) that sort of explains the tie between the jaw and the development of the ear evolutionarily. You can look it up elsew... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/1105/humans-ear-bones-began-reptile-jaws"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_conduction"
]
] | |
2isn7f | what's stopping me from taking a relatively large loan and leaving the country to live in another country? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2isn7f/eli5_whats_stopping_me_from_taking_a_relatively/ | {
"a_id": [
"cl52xpl",
"cl52z2j",
"cl533i2",
"cl55jho",
"cl58lwq"
],
"score": [
8,
5,
19,
5,
6
],
"text": [
"literally nothing. A lot of people do just that. However, you are still obligated to fulfill your responsibility to your creditors and thus, leaving the coun... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1rlukv | what is a "reasonable doubt"? i know what the legal definition is, but i want to know what i means. | The legal definition is "a doubt which would cause a reasonably prudent person to pause or hesitate before making an important decision." What does this mean in the context of a criminal trial? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rlukv/eli5what_is_a_reasonable_doubt_i_know_what_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdoj5fj"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Identical twin brothers are accused of murder. Their identical DNA was found at the crime scene, proving one of them did it. Neither will rat on the other, so there's no witness testimony. Absent other evidence, neither brother can be convicte... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4kvefz | how can services like cloudflare filter out ddos traffic without getting a false positive from, for example, an article getting posted on reddit and subsequently getting clicked by 10 million people? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4kvefz/eli5_how_can_services_like_cloudflare_filter_out/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3i3bcx"
],
"score": [
15
],
"text": [
"So I'm not the expert here, ~~Debbie~~ wait wrong subreddit.\n\nAnyway, the goal of DDoS isn't to bring down a server in the sense you and I usually think of it.\n\nLoading a webpage works like this:\n\n\"Hello, server at _URL_1_? Are you there?... | [] | [] | [
[
"poorunsuspectingsite.com/coolthingpostedonreddit.html",
"poorunsuspectingsite.com",
"https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/201742508/overview.png"
]
] | ||
rmo23 | How many trees (better yet, houseplants) do I need to plant to be 'carbon-neutral' at home? How about for the car | I guess the best way to formulate this question into a scientific one is:
**If I consume x KiloWattHours per month (by looking at my metre) how many trees are needed to offset that carbon emission from producing electricity?**
Now, here is the data that (*i hope*) can make your life easier:
I live in Cairo, Egypt, wh... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rmo23/how_many_trees_better_yet_houseplants_do_i_need/ | {
"a_id": [
"c471nwk",
"c473a7l"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"first a general remark: you must realize that planting trees, doesn't make your household carbon neutral.\ncarbon neutral refers to producing biofuels from biomass (like wood, energy crops, algae, ...). these biofuels can me... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_High_Dam#Electricity_production",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Egypt",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia_Duster"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3jx4lh | How do laboratories contain such astronomical levels of heat? | I was reading [this article](_URL_0_) about a lab creating quark-gluon plasma and it says that:
> at four trillion degrees Celsius, is the hottest liquid ever created in the lab
How do these labs contain this heat safely? Why doesn't it destroy whatever it's created in? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3jx4lh/how_do_laboratories_contain_such_astronomical/ | {
"a_id": [
"cut7vt2",
"cut9iue"
],
"score": [
2,
14
],
"text": [
"It's always best to know about the scale of things. The 4 trillion Celsius liquid is formed by particle collision (apparently a photon and a lead nucleus). That means that it's at best atomic scale. So, despite the fact tha... | [] | [
"https://physics.aps.org/articles/v8/61"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4mef5t | does shifting quickly up in manual car really save gas? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4mef5t/eli5_does_shifting_quickly_up_in_manual_car/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3uttj6",
"d3uwre1",
"d3uxvjg"
],
"score": [
4,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"A really really good driver can save gas with good shifting, but 99.999% of drivers are not that good. I think the average driver would be hard-pressed to beat a modern automatic transmission.",
"Th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2b00jz | Why do humans have such bad backs/knees? | They seem to be much more prone to chronic injuries/pain than any other parts of the body. Why is that? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2b00jz/why_do_humans_have_such_bad_backsknees/ | {
"a_id": [
"cj0ori0"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Because of technology, we're adapting in different movement patterns, positions, posture. You could say the advancing of technology has changed the way we do things e.g. prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, etc etc\n\nWe're designed to stay fi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
98rlpc | why is tesla having higher networth than ford or gm, when the former hardly produces a small percentage of cars than latter? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/98rlpc/eli5_why_is_tesla_having_higher_networth_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"e4i90i5",
"e4i995r",
"e4i9aar",
"e4ic06w",
"e4ieytm"
],
"score": [
2,
7,
5,
60,
5
],
"text": [
"I don’t understand this either. Hype maybe?",
"The main reason is that the share price is based on what they are going to do in the future, not just wha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
yq317 | why is the japanese culture obsessed with robots? more specifically humanoid robots? | It seems that in not just popular culture but also in other industries the Japanese more then any other culture seems to have a fascination with humanoid looking robots. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yq317/eli5_why_is_the_japanese_culture_obsessed_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5xtim5",
"c5xtn1r"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I am not 100% sure if this answers it but here goes.\n\nWhen cartoons where first being developed to appeal to kids animation was super expensive and time consuming so people had to find a way to do it as cheaply and quickly... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.escapistmagazine.com/videos/view/the-big-picture/3854-The-Collar"
],
[]
] | |
7514cz | How realistic are Western movies/games? | It's fascinating how life in the "wild west" of America became a separate genre in cinematography. They have their own charm that is very distinct of any other adventure movie. But how realistically do films and video-games such as "Red dead redemption" portray that life?
We see little towns in the middle of nowhere wi... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7514cz/how_realistic_are_western_moviesgames/ | {
"a_id": [
"do41w87"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The \"wild west\" is an invention of hollywood through and through.\n\nLet's start with those saloons. A typical \"wild west\" saloon is a large open space filled with tables with a bar at one end and wing doors at the entrance. In reality a typi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1vqwpy | why does my body feel "slanted" when i'm lying in bed when i'm drunk? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vqwpy/why_does_my_body_feel_slanted_when_im_lying_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceuxtkw",
"ceuzadj"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Because your balance perception is off because you're drunk.",
"the reason you are dizzy while drunk is that not all of your senses are working like they should. If you sit your tactile sense, inner ear and eyes are gett... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ytm9e | What is the least complex living being known to feel pain or any clear response to damage? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ytm9e/what_is_the_least_complex_living_being_known_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5ypoxc"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Depending on how you define pain, one of the simpler could be a type of [Cnidaria](_URL_0_), e.g. a hydra.\n\nThey have sensory neurons, and they're able to respond to damage. But I wouldn't say they can *feel* abstract concepts such as pain, sin... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidarian#Nervous_system_and_senses"
]
] | ||
291kxv | Why are anti-depressants typically just re-uptake inhibitors instead of actual doses of serotonin or dopamine? | Always seemed a round-about way of doing things | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/291kxv/why_are_antidepressants_typically_just_reuptake/ | {
"a_id": [
"cignhye",
"cigpbvb",
"cigs1d6"
],
"score": [
9,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"From what I remember is that serotonin and dopamine won't be able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Also the body will just start breaking them down. So they won't be very effective in getting to the de... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
17rrz0 | If your brain releases melatonin when it gets dark, is it the opposite for nocturnal animals, and it releases when it's light? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17rrz0/if_your_brain_releases_melatonin_when_it_gets/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8895z3"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"No. Melatonin is released from the pineal gland into the blood during darkness, regardless if the animal is diurnal or nocturnal. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
9eoxmq | During WWI & II (and/or in other relevant modern conflicts) how did belligerent powers actually make use of the industrial capacity of occupied territories? | In other words...
If I'm Germany (or some other belligerent power) and I've occupied a city with a bunch of factories, how do I get those factories do actually produce stuff I want? Wouldn't factories need to be re-tooled? Where would they find skilled/unskilled laborers? Etc. Or were such factories actually rarely if... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9eoxmq/during_wwi_ii_andor_in_other_relevant_modern/ | {
"a_id": [
"e5r4ni5"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It is well-documented that the Nazis (WW2) took over captured weapons factories and used them to turn out lots of weapons for use by the Wehrmacht. Examples include the FN-High Power, the Polish Radom, the FN M1922, the Norwegian Colt .45, and t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9re085 | how did we end up with a silent k, of all sounds, in words like knight and knife? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9re085/eli5_how_did_we_end_up_with_a_silent_k_of_all/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8g51pt",
"e8g63ha"
],
"score": [
5,
4
],
"text": [
"Silent letters are the ghosts of pronunciations past. The word 'knight', with its silent 'k', and silent 'gh', is cognate with the German word for servant, 'knecht', where every letter is pronounced. ... The 'e' isn't pronou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
c7t2zi | Is there really a debate on the amount of people killed by communists regimes in the 20th century? | I would like to know if things such as denying the amount of victims of the Holodomor (among others) or even disgregarding it as "capitalist propaganda" (such as Ludo Martens) are actually taken seriously or just regarded as blatant pseudohistory such as Holocaust denialism among scholars.
The same would go for the r... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c7t2zi/is_there_really_a_debate_on_the_amount_of_people/ | {
"a_id": [
"eshnaug"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"You might be interested in the historic debates around the Holodmor that I describe [here](_URL_0_). \n\nAs for the \"100 million deaths caused by communism\" - as far as I am aware, this claim specifically comes from the *Black Book of Communis... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b3e0xo/how_isnt_the_holodomor_not_a_genocide/eiz6jf1/",
"https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/02/05/who-killed-more-hitler-stalin-or-mao/",
"https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/03/10/hitler-vs-stalin-who-killed-more/"
]
] | |
ddwjbz | The Greek Gods and Jesus | Ancient Greek mythology stands out among other mythologies because they made their God in their own image. Christianity stands out among other religions because they believe that their God became a human through a virgin birth. When the Greek pagans were being evangelized to by the early Christians, would the idea of ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ddwjbz/the_greek_gods_and_jesus/ | {
"a_id": [
"f30g248"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Short answer, no. Long answer. Christianity was unique in that the miraculous birth story that is told of Jesus was through a virgin. But other than that, a miraculous birth isn't all that uncommon. In The Gospel According to Judas, Jeffrey Arch... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4o7kvr | why are there more bugs out at night? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4o7kvr/eli5_why_are_there_more_bugs_out_at_night/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4a84b1",
"d4ajdwi"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night. ",
"Many factors, such as cooler temperatures, evolving on preying on nocturnal prey species, predatory evasion, etc. Also arti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
krp42 | Tooth decay only because of poor dental hygiene or can genetics play a part? | Can some people be more genetically inclined to have more tooth decay or a cavity than others, or are bad teeth solely the result of poor dental hygiene? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/krp42/tooth_decay_only_because_of_poor_dental_hygiene/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2mo0xn",
"c2moukq",
"c2mo0xn",
"c2moukq"
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"score": [
6,
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"I am not a dentist but my understanding is that genetics can definitely play a part. Inherited [amelogenesis imperfecta](_URL_1_) for example can cause [enamel hypoplasia](_URL_0_)... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/16/1673.full",
"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/amelogenesis-imperfecta"
],
[],
[
"http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/16/1673.full",
"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/amelogenesis-imperfecta"
],
[]
] | |
6b5zcn | Why did the Abbasids revolt against the Umayyads? Was it because the Umayyads were hostile towards the descendants of the prophet(12 imams)? | I ask this because the Abbasids claimed that they were descended from the prophet SAWS and their revolution was supported by the Shi'a who highly revere the Ahl al-Bayt(family of the prophet SAWS). Did they revolt on the basis that only members of the Ahl al-Bayt can rule the caliphate? The irony is that the Abbasids t... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6b5zcn/why_did_the_abbasids_revolt_against_the_umayyads/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhk9fvz",
"dhnpzgl"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Pardon me for asking but what does \"SAWS\" mean?",
"To begin with, the Abbassids did not claim descent from Muhammad. The Sunni definition of Ahl al-Bayt is broader than the Shi'a definition. Sunnis consider *all* of Ba... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
i457j | Anatomically, what muscles/tendons/etc. move the
jaw from side to side or front to back? | Obviously there are those that close the jaw, but I'm curious to know how exactly the jaw is able to move in the other dimensions. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i457j/anatomically_what_musclestendonsetc_move_the_jaw/ | {
"a_id": [
"c20ra96"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Side to side is accomplished by the [medial pterygoid muscles](_URL_2_) and the [lateral pterygoid muscles](_URL_0_)\n\nForward and backwards is accomplished by a couple muscles: \n\n* Forward (protraction) is accomplished by the [masseter](_URL_... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masseter",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_muscle",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporalis"
]
] | |
17vfq3 | what is a subsidy? | I was reading this thread
_URL_0_
And i know ive heard this word before but i am barely knowledgeable in any kind of financial way.
Googling this only led to more questions :( | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/17vfq3/eli5_what_is_a_subsidy/ | {
"a_id": [
"c896qda",
"c896xea"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Very simply, a subsidy is when the government offers money to a group, usually corporations, to achieve various results. This can range from lower prices for the consumer, to help researching new technologies, to an effort t... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/17uywm/solar_power_to_be_sold_for_less_than_coal/"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
gj96e | Is radioactivity "contagious"? | Say I have a sealed, radioactivity-permeable container containing something radioactive, and put it next to stuff, will this stuff become radioactive also? Or does it need actual radioactive atoms leaving the container? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gj96e/is_radioactivity_contagious/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1nxjoh"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Neutrons can transmute nearby materials to unstable, radioactive ones. This takes a lot of neutrons though, as is generally only seen inside nuclear reactors. For instance, the stable iron inside reactor pressure vessels can absorb neutrons and... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5uea95 | Can water freeze above 0C/32F with additives? | I know salt added to water, lowers its freezing point. Then I read an article talking about re-freezing the polar ice caps manually and wondered if it were possible. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5uea95/can_water_freeze_above_0c32f_with_additives/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddu70zp",
"dduiics",
"ddunwsj"
],
"score": [
5,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"As I recall, anything dissolved in water will always depress the freezing point. In the case of the article you're most likely thinking about, the idea is to install wind power pumps that will bring wat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
56799r | What are the causes for a hurricane of this magnitude? (Hurricane Matthew) | As hurricane matthew nears florida (And the carbon levels went over 400 PPM), what would cause a category 4 hurricane of this magnitude? Does it have any correlation with global warming or Climate Change? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/56799r/what_are_the_causes_for_a_hurricane_of_this/ | {
"a_id": [
"d8gykeu",
"d8h6oho"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"There were strong hurricanes before there was global warming, and Matthew is pretty typical for a Caribbean storm. It's not likely anyone could pin this one on climate change, but if there were some trend that was different ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
yd2v4 | Why isn't Greenland a continent? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yd2v4/why_isnt_greenland_a_continent/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5ugjp7",
"c5uh8p1"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Basically it's arbitrary. Continents are decided based mainly on convention rather than specific criteria. Also Greenland is quite a bit smaller than say Australia. 2,166,086 square kilometers as opposed to 7,617,930 squar... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
13ictu | Explain CPT symmetry and the implications of this article. | article: _URL_0_
OriginalPost: _URL_1_
What i really don't understand is the article states that "Violations of C and P alone were first seen in radioactive decays..." To me if "violations" were observed then wouldn't CPT be shown to be wrong, violated, not correct?
What is the significance of the T finding? The mo... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13ictu/explain_cpt_symmetry_and_the_implications_of_this/ | {
"a_id": [
"c747it3",
"c747lnq",
"c74hp1c"
],
"score": [
4,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"CPT symmetry means that if you flip C, P, and time, all of them, the particle will behave the same. It doesn't behave the same if you flip just C or just P or just T. ",
"C, P, and T are all separat... | [] | [
"http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/11/particle-physicists-confirm-arrow-of-time-for-b-mesons.html",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/13h3d7/particle_physicists_confirm_arrow_of_time_for_b/"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2012/11/20/time-reversal-violation-is-not-the-arrow-of-time"
]
] | |
cyn8ea | Why did the muslims take so long to adopt the printing press considering how highly they value historical records and their sacred book? | Looking into the history of the printing press I was surprised to find that it was the Venetians who first printed in arabic, and it was all a business strategy to sell bibles in arabic speaking countries, classic Venetians.
Even when the printing press spread to the ottoman empire it was jews, greeks and other non ar... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cyn8ea/why_did_the_muslims_take_so_long_to_adopt_the/ | {
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"Not to discourage further discussion, but you might be interested in [this previous answer](_URL_0_) from u/frogbrooks.",
"There's always more that can be said, but you might enjoy this previous answer from /u/Zooasau... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/60424h/why_did_printing_only_revolutionize_europe_but/df3jw79/"
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cdpkfs/boris_johnson_stated_in_a_2007_essay_that_the/etw7sld/"
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101ydp | how did newton figure out gravity? | What was his process in deducing that all mass have gravity? I can't get my head around how he could have done that without any frame of reference. Did he know that earth was orbiting the sun? Or the moon was orbiting the earth? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/101ydp/how_did_newton_figure_out_gravity/ | {
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"The rotations of the planets were well known. however it was assumed that the orbits were circular. Newton invented calculus (though whether or not he was the first is a matter of debate) and proved that the orbits are ellip... | [] | [] | [
[],
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1cdeu8 | why is it that when i watch tv recordings from the 70's, 80's or 90's the quality is absolutely terrible, almost unwatchable, but back then they seemed perfectly fine? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cdeu8/eli5why_is_it_that_when_i_watch_tv_recordings/ | {
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"Compared to everything else at the time, they looked pretty much the same. Also, you're probably watching on a much nicer screen now.",
"The quality of the equipment you were watching it on was much... | [] | [] | [
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7ouewn | What are your opinions regarding Martin Gilbert’s books of WW1 and WW2? | I have had a interest in buying them for a while now and wanted to know how accurate they are, and how “good” they are to read (is it a slog or not).
I’m also interested in learning more about the advancement of tactics in WW1; and the eastern and Chinese theaters in WW2 if you have any suggestions for me. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7ouewn/what_are_your_opinions_regarding_martin_gilberts/ | {
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"I read the WWI books by Gilbert, SLA Marshall, and Keegan about a decade ago. I enjoyed all of them as they offered quite different perspectives and focus. \n\nLooking at them as strictly operational histories versus a more \"war and society\" a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1m81he | why sometimes paintings that look like a wounded chicken drew them are considered art and could be sold for millions? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m81he/eli5why_sometimes_paintings_that_look_like_a/ | {
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"Art isn't all about who can make the most detailed drawings, aesthetics are huge in it. A very detailed and beautiful landscape would fit in nicely with a traditional theme, however minimalist or abstra... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://faculty.txwes.edu/csmeller/human-prospect/ProData09/02WW1CulMatrix/WW1PICs/Cubism/Picasso1881/Pic1937Guer465.jpg"
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[],
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23u2u1 | What caused the significant phenotypic diversity of Central Asia? | Many Kazakh or Uzbek persons could pass for Polish, while many others could pass for Korean. As far as I know, looking "Asian" or "European" has no cultural association. Why is this? Decades of Mongol rule? Russian immigration? Have these countries always had such diverse-looking populations? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/23u2u1/what_caused_the_significant_phenotypic_diversity/ | {
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"text": [
"Central Asia has always been a contact zone between Caucasoids and Mongoloids. Indo-Europeans have inhabited the area for a long time, Tajiks are Indo-European speakers and also predominantly Caucasian phenotypically. Today's western China was on... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6euilg | how did someone like duterte rise to the power in the philippines ? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6euilg/eli5_how_did_someone_like_duterte_rise_to_the/ | {
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"text": [
"It really comes down to the fact that the Philippines has had a massive problem with drug usage in the past several decades. Along with that is a prosperous organized crime epidemic. Rodrigo Duterte, while he was mayor of Da... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
mamn9 | Why is it, that an infusion with artificial blood cannot develop itself into cancer? | Hello dear redditors :)
I know that there's a potential risk for developing cancer when a person is treated with stem cells.
I also know that some scientists are researching the possibility of creating artificial blood using stem cells.
But why is it, that the infusion with artificial blood cannot develop itself into ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mamn9/why_is_it_that_an_infusion_with_artificial_blood/ | {
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"Blood cells lack a cell nucleus (though that does not mean that they are prokaryotes. That term is used to describe cellular *organisms* without a nucleus, not single cells) and ot... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
eo1czz | Can pyschopaths have traumatic disorders like PTSD? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/eo1czz/can_pyschopaths_have_traumatic_disorders_like_ptsd/ | {
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"Trainee clinical psychologist here. There's no current diagnosis of psychopath. That term, and sociopath, are a bit outdated and currently covered by ... | [] | [] | [
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cr53cd | What’s our early evidence for measuring horses in hands? Why has it persisted as the standard for measuring horses? | We have evidence of the human hand being used as a unit of measurement from antiquity - Egypt is what comes to mind but I’m sure there are other sources just as old, if not older.
What is our earliest documentary evidence for this unit of measurement being applied to horses? Was this solely a European phenomenon? Why... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/cr53cd/whats_our_early_evidence_for_measuring_horses_in/ | {
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"The hand is a unit of measurement that is used exclusively for the describing the heights of horses and other equids. Horses are measured from the ground to the top of the [withers](_URL_0_). One hand is equal to four inches. Although hands a... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Points_of_a_horse.jpg"
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] | |
6mnu9k | What do we hope to gain or reveal through research and experimentation of quantum entanglement? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6mnu9k/what_do_we_hope_to_gain_or_reveal_through/ | {
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"text": [
"Some of the motivation is fundamental research. There has been much effort invested in conducting truly loophole-free [Bell tests](_URL_3_) as they establish that the non-classicality that quantum mechanics predicts in fact can be observed in nat... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device-independent_quantum_cryptography#Device-independent_quantum_key_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_network#Quantum_repeaters",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_test_experiments"
]
] | ||
xo3rt | Can you easily break somebody's neck by twisting their head quickly, like in the movies? | In a lot of movies, TV shows and video games (Most notably Splinter Cell), people often break the 'baddie's' neck by grabbing hold of their chin from behind with one hand and holding the back of the head with the other and yanking it in a twisting motion; instantly immobilizing the victim.
Is this possible? If it is, ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xo3rt/can_you_easily_break_somebodys_neck_by_twisting/ | {
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"I read this question answered a few months ago on here. Basically the top comment said that a person's neck muscles are super strong, so that unless the killer really surprises... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589464"
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2kin9h | Really small question about napoleonic french army jackets | this is a really small question but I didn't know where else to ask, sorry!
for halloween, i'm making my own costume from hand and I wanted to be Napoleon. i've actually just about done with the jacket but my only question is, how did these things button up? I can see theres a seam in the middle of the chest and so ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2kin9h/really_small_question_about_napoleonic_french/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Although I don't want to discourage others from answering, the forum on [The Napoleon Series](_URL_0_) has a number of reenactors lurking on it. "
]
} | [] | [
"https://www.nga.gov/kids/napoleon/napoleon-face.jpg"
] | [
[
"http://napoleon-series.org/"
]
] | |
76y15m | If muslims were known as descendants of Ishmael in the middle ages, were they to some extent already recognized as some 'third' Abrahamic group prior to the birth of Mohammed? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/76y15m/if_muslims_were_known_as_descendants_of_ishmael/ | {
"a_id": [
"dohufkq"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Did Islam exist before the birth of Mohammed?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3s34ly | what is sql? is it one of the simpler programming languages? | I have seen it as a "desired skill" on many job descriptions. I am wondering what makes it useful, and what specific industries it may particularly apply to. Thanks! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3s34ly/eli5_what_is_sql_is_it_one_of_the_simpler/ | {
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"SQL = Structured Query Language.\n\nIt is a language meant for getting/updating data in databases. An example command (so to speak) would be\n INSERT INTO table(col1, col2) VALUES(val1, val2)",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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21oco3 | why isn't canada outrageously wealthy due to their landmass? | So Canada is a wealthy first world country -- but why isn't it disproportionately wealthy compared to other first world countries? Why is the GDP per capita similar to that of France, Germany, Japan, etc? Shouldn't Canada have a huge advantage considering the vast amount of natural resources? Canada can have the same a... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21oco3/eli5_why_isnt_canada_outrageously_wealthy_due_to/ | {
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2r69bo | how are baitcar operations legal? what makes it not entrapment? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2r69bo/eli5_how_are_baitcar_operations_legal_what_makes/ | {
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"text": [
"Entrapment is when an officer convinces someone to commit a crime they otherwise wouldn't. When bait cars are set up, there's no undercover cop standing there telling them they sh... | [] | [] | [
[],
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33leh7 | As we understand black holes, how does gravity outside the event horizon affect items inside the event horizon? | Let's say that there's a Jupiter sized planet orbiting around a black hole. Would items inside the event horizon be affected by the planet outside it?
Also, would that not also affect where the event horizon was? Wouldn't the gravity pull from the planet slightly move the event horizon inward a bit?
Also, follo... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/33leh7/as_we_understand_black_holes_how_does_gravity/ | {
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" > Let's say that there's a Jupiter sized planet orbiting around a black hole. Would items inside the event horizon be affected by the planet outside it? \n\nYes\n\n > Also, would that not also affect where the event hori... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1eppy1 | Why do royalty take the style of their first name (ex. Queen Elizabeth)? | I remember reading somewhere that Prince William and Prince Harry don't technically have last names, and that their military uniforms say "Wales" where a last name is usually placed.
Is this true of other European countries as well? Why not use a last name (eg. Queen Elizabeth Tudor)? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1eppy1/why_do_royalty_take_the_style_of_their_first_name/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca6192x"
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"They do *technically* have last names -- descendants of Queen Elizabeth II have the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.\n\n[\"For the most part, members of the Royal Family who are entitled to the style and dignity of HRH Prince or Princess do not need ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.royal.gov.uk/thecurrentroyalfamily/theroyalfamilyname/overview.aspx"
]
] | |
5l7n3u | why do you have to "charge" glow in the dark stuff? | You know how you have to hold glow in the dark items under light to "activate" them? The only answer my drunken, man-child brain can muster is that it traps the light and holds for later use. I'm also pretty sure that is incorrect. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5l7n3u/eli5_why_do_you_have_to_charge_glow_in_the_dark/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The light is charging the molecules inside. Think of it like this, compare the \"activation\" to winding up a wind up toy and when you stop and let it go it is slowly releasing the energy you built up. Instead of a toy walk... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1s0zdb | why are probabilities called densities? | It seems there ought to be more to it than *because it shows how the distribution is "weighted"*. Everybody (well, in the math world) throws around stats/prob vocabulary, but a lot of it is non-intuitive. Is there a secret manuscript laying all this out that all proper statisticians have read?
So much of what I've see... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1s0zdb/eli5_why_are_probabilities_called_densities/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Density refers to how tightly packed the elements of a set are. Density as the trivial relationship between mass and volume follows this.\n\n\nObserving probabilities as the relationship of chances and incidences and mapping them to a unitary sca... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9kit58 | how do drugs like kamagra and viagra affect the body? | Hello!
I was wondering how these work.
I heard that originally it was used for other medicinal purposes and the primary use of it now days was just a side effect.
How do they work in the human body?
Thank you in advance! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9kit58/eli5_how_do_drugs_like_kamagra_and_viagra_affect/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Your question was so interesting that I looked it up. Thanks for making me learn something interesting\n\nI'll try to explain Viagra (active ingredient sildenafil). Wikipedia says:\n\n > \n\"Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of [cG... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_cavernosum_penis"
]
] | |
3c5ktk | why aren't the joint chiefs five star ranks? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3c5ktk/eli5why_arent_the_joint_chiefs_five_star_ranks/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Because the joint chiefs don't individually control everything. They each have control in their respective branches, but they still have to coordinate with each other.\n\nOn the flip side, the president can't be expected to ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
57cl1j | Who was the first recorded Chinese person to visit or live in the United States? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/57cl1j/who_was_the_first_recorded_chinese_person_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"d8rn2sk"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"My first thoughts of this is that there probably were no recorded records for the first Chinese person, because there was a robust international trade in goods and services by the time of the Pilgrims. People traveled throughout the world for te... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
f21pdq | why is it best for someone with frostbite to warm up slowly? | It seems like the best idea would be to warm them up as quickly as possible, but I’ve heard that’s not the right course of action. Why should you warm them up slowly? And what happens if they warm up too quickly? I’m from the Southeastern US, so I have no experience with extreme cold or frostbite, I’m merely curious | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f21pdq/eli5_why_is_it_best_for_someone_with_frostbite_to/ | {
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"text": [
"It's not about you warming up too quickly. A very cold hand is also a numb hand, so you can't tell how hot the water you're putting o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2s1ina | how did the states get their shapes? | I actually searched for this and surprisingly it wasn't on /r/eli5 .
I googled it also and just came up with a TV show and no real answers. I guess my question is. Was it just who claimed the land while the states were being formed? Or is it a real reason behind the random shapes of the states? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s1ina/eli5_how_did_the_states_get_their_shapes/ | {
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"text": [
"Sometimes it was geographic boundaries like rivers or mountain ranges. Sometimes it was done via treaty with other countries (and they stuck when the state b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
12dbjj | Is there an evolutionary reason that most animals separate solid and liquid waste? | The title says it all, I am just wondering. :) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12dbjj/is_there_an_evolutionary_reason_that_most_animals/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6u73k2"
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"score": [
15
],
"text": [
"Animals don't separate their wastes per se. Solid waste is the result of processed food, liquid waste is the result of blood filtering via the kidneys. So the two different waste types come from different systems, and at no point are they really... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
26ehxp | why don't reboil water? or is it ok? | “What on earth are you doing?! Why are you boiling the water again? You’re not supposed to do that!” | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26ehxp/eli5_why_dont_reboil_water_or_is_it_ok/ | {
"a_id": [
"chq99ge",
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"score": [
18,
4,
5
],
"text": [
"Completely false. There's nothing wrong with boiling water a million times, other than the fact that you won't have much left.",
"Random fact if you boil water to much it can become deoxygenated th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://amasci.com/weird/microwave/voltage2.html#coffee"
]
] | |
dpab8t | Did Aircraft Carriers in World War II carry spare aircraft? | Someone I know is adamantly stating that CVs had a spare complement of planes that weren’t attached to any air wings. As far as i know this is false. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dpab8t/did_aircraft_carriers_in_world_war_ii_carry_spare/ | {
"a_id": [
"f5tiro4"
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"text": [
"Yes, many aircraft carriers in WWII carried spare planes, though the type and number varied quite a bit by the type of carrier and the individual navy's doctrine (and the availability of spare planes, of course). \n\nFor example, Nagumo's carrie... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
40hj41 | On nutrition labels, why are sugars and carbohydrates listed as two separate entities? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/40hj41/on_nutrition_labels_why_are_sugars_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyua0zc"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"To explain why, one first needs to understand the distinction between carbohydrates and sugars.\n\n*Carbohydrates* - molecules composed of carbons, hydrogens, and oxygens. Another term more commonly used in glycoscience is \"saccharide\", but th... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nutritionjrnl.com/article/S0899-9007%2804%2900304-1/fulltext?refuid=S0002-8223%2806%2902493-X&refissn=0002-8223&mobileUi=0",
"http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/11/2/149.full.pdf"
]
] | ||
1sa1kh | if i bought a self driving car, would i need a drivers license? | If these Google mobiles are able to drive all aspects of a trip. i.e. From where ever its parked, to parking at its final destination. Would i need a drivers license? I understand I'll still need insurance, because you cant control other drivers. But if i'm just gonna sit there and either sleep or use some sort of ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1sa1kh/eli5if_i_bought_a_self_driving_car_would_i_need_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"California is still in the process of creating laws regarding this matter, so I can only give you a speculative answer.\n\nYou would need a drivers license to operate a self driving car in case the system malfunctioned. With that same line of tho... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
fejovi | how are we able to hold our breath for so long? how do our vitals still receive oxygen? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fejovi/eli5_how_are_we_able_to_hold_our_breath_for_so/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Also remember that if you stopped breathing right now, there is enough oxygen in your blood for you to have little to no brain damage for 10 minutes, *as long as your heart keeps pumping*. Sanjay Gupta wrote about this in th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3qy7k8 | why can't windmills based out at sea have a tidal power element at there base to allow for tidal-energy too ? | At the moment there are hundreds of sea-based windmills for getting marine style wind-power, which are based miles out at sea.
My question is: Why don't these incorporate a tidal-power marine-water-turbine at the base of these so that any platform could accumulate tidal aswell as wind-energy ? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3qy7k8/eli5_why_cant_windmills_based_out_at_sea_have_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwjc2ls"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Because that would merely cost, while only increasing energy production by a very small margin.\n\nWind turbines are placed in areas with high wind, and ideally on sandbanks to reduce installation costs. The chance that this matches with a place ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9et3zh | Why do some birds have forked tails? | Im trying to understand bird physics better. What advantage does a forked tail give to birds like frigate birds, swallow-tailed kites, and barn swallows? Also, why do raptors often have upturned wing tips? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9et3zh/why_do_some_birds_have_forked_tails/ | {
"a_id": [
"e5s4d5s"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Upturned wing tips increase lift in smaller wings we now use this in aviation as the upturn cuts the wingspan by a third and reduces drag. \nThe forked tail makes the bird more agile at high speed in the air hope that helps "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2qrtf0 | why are universities treating education like it is corporate business? | Why don't they lower tution/ costs so that more students can attend to make up for the loss of profit? The cost of higher education contributes so much to the debt of this country that it sounds counter-intuitive to cause such financial strain on future customers. Is the demand for higher education really that high tha... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qrtf0/eli5why_are_universities_treating_education_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn8wt5v",
"cn8yefp"
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"score": [
11,
2
],
"text": [
"You named them. More faculty, more housing, more classrooms. Universities are very expensive to run. Qualified professors aren't exactly a dime a dozen, and most universities I've seen are running low on space to expand,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_endowment",
"http://www.acenet.edu/the-presidency/columns-and-features/Pages/state-funding-a-race-to-the-bottom.aspx"
]
] | |
33aamx | Math and operational warfare: how much and which type of applied mathematics was employed in tactical operations during the ww2? | Sorry I didn't perform a useful search.
Said that, sometimes I wonder how much help could have brought a pocket calculator like the Curta on the battlefield during the second world war or even previous conflicts.
Then I realised that I don't really know which methods were employed by artillery units to estimate how... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/33aamx/math_and_operational_warfare_how_much_and_which/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqj2ual",
"cql4hcn"
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"score": [
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3
],
"text": [
"By World War II, most naval vessels mounting guns large enough used GunFire Control Systems involving radar rangefinders, mechanical gun directers, analog/mechanical fire control computers, etc. such as the American Mk 37 GC... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC",
"http://sliderulemuseum.com/Military/KE_M4_GraphicalFiringTable_1943_ClarkMcCoy.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_Research_Laboratory"
]
] | |
6cdapf | Is it true that one pound of body fat is equivalent to 3,500 calories? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6cdapf/is_it_true_that_one_pound_of_body_fat_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhtz9ub",
"dhu7zkg"
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"score": [
3,
11
],
"text": [
"No. Fat contains roughly 9 Calories per gram, so a pound (454 grams) of fat is about 4,086 calories. However, that 3500 number is a common approximation, because most people don't lose pure fat when they are eating a calori... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
a9xec9 | How did pre-Colombian societies in and around the Caribbean deal with the "Hurricane Season" | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a9xec9/how_did_precolombian_societies_in_and_around_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ecroj6b"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There's always room for discussion, but perhaps the section [Natural Disasters](_URL_0_) from our FAQ will answer your inquiry."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/dailylife#wiki_difficult_living_situations"
]
] | ||
e7acv9 | how does the measles virus wipe out your body's "memory" of immunity to other viruses and why is this not common in other viruses? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e7acv9/eli5_how_does_the_measles_virus_wipe_out_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"f9y94cj"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"The virus has a proclivity for immune memory cells as targets for infection. This causes the death of the immune memory cells from the action of the virus itself and from elimination by the healthy aspects of the immune system in fighting the inf... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
196lm5 | running, sprinting, and jogging. what's the difference? | I've been running for the past couple of weeks and I have been asked whether I sprint or jog, and I have no idea what the difference is between them. Please help me out! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/196lm5/eli5_running_sprinting_and_jogging_whats_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8l9a1o",
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"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Sprinting is all out pedal to the metal so to speak ...jogging is maybe half speed... its to get your heart rate up and be able to endure the exhaustion of physical activity ...if that doesn't help google it ",
"Running ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
28o942 | What family ruled for the longest length of time? | I was reading the other day about the Hapsburgs and there was a comment about their 700 year reign.
So what family ruled the longest throughout history? Are they the winners? Who are the runner ups? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/28o942/what_family_ruled_for_the_longest_length_of_time/ | {
"a_id": [
"cicwr11"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"If we look at this as skeptically as possible, accepting only the most well-attested historical records, the Imperial House of Japan is the best bet. The Solomonic dyansty in Ethiopia claims to have ruled earlier, but a lot of their claims are ve... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3roln1 | asian keyboards | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3roln1/eli5_asian_keyboards/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwpwgpr"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Most of them look pretty much like U.S. keyboards.\n\nYou usually type the Japanese or Chinese characters phonetically with standard letters. Then a list of possible matches appears where you are typing, and you can click or arrow to the correct ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6dizz7 | why is it easier for me to remember numbers that are hyphenated (social social security numbers, phone numbers) but hard to remember a long stretch of only numbers? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6dizz7/eli5_why_is_it_easier_for_me_to_remember_numbers/ | {
"a_id": [
"di30g19",
"di30imn"
],
"score": [
2,
9
],
"text": [
"This is probably due to a memory process called \"chunking\". Basically, your short-term memory can hold around 5 to 9 pieces of information at a time. When you see a string of numbers, such as 457389321, your short-term m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1ctgvm | Would surface area impacts gravitational pull ? | Sorry, if a stupid question. Larger surface area exposes large amount of matter to the force, shouldn't it be a factor ? (Like magnetism?) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ctgvm/would_surface_area_impacts_gravitational_pull/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9jwnvh",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Gravity is a dependent on mass, not shape, so it doesn't matter how much of the surface is exposed. We're pulled to the center of the Earth, not the surface. The surface just keeps us from falling to the center of mass.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3ndcye | Would it be possible to communicate from inside a black hole by changing its rotation rate? | Black holes are roughly spherical but rapidly rotating black holes are oblate spheroids. If you were inside a black hole and somehow could survive and change the black holes rotation rate could you then change the shape of the black holes gravity field and thus communicate by sending out signals using gravitational wa... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3ndcye/would_it_be_possible_to_communicate_from_inside_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvn612j"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"When you are on the inside, you contribute to the total mass of the black hole. You've brought whatever mass you had outside to now be part of the black hole. The same is true of angular momentum. You can add to the angular momentum in some way ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-hair_theorem"
]
] | |
42jv13 | why is it when a child is learning to speak, the most common constant expressed is a "w"-sound? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/42jv13/eli5_why_is_it_when_a_child_is_learning_to_speak/ | {
"a_id": [
"czay1sb",
"czay8gz"
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"It's because it's a really easy sound to make. Children learn easy sounds like /m p b w/ etc. first, and then they learn harder sounds later on.",
"Not an expert in any way, but I would assume it has something to do with... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
dp4wm4 | Was Qing imperial policies in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Tibet, etc. comparable with European colonial policies? Was the Qing Empire a "colonial" empire? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dp4wm4/was_qing_imperial_policies_in_xinjiang_yunnan/ | {
"a_id": [
"f5uxwdz",
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"score": [
7,
7,
3
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"text": [
"I don't really know enough about \"colonial\" policies in general to compare them to Qing policy in Tibet (it should be noted that China itself as a Qing imperial possession in the strictest sense). I m... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/caxw6s/the_qing_generally_sought_to_project_themselves/eukjr1s/"
],
[],
[
"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7385/93f589e9fd3f8728d835ef527bb853c535f4.pdf",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ck8e5t/why_is_the_term_colonialism_often_l... | ||
4wiwid | how were 5v and 12v decided on as the "go to" voltages for so many electronic devices, specifically computers? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4wiwid/eli5_how_were_5v_and_12v_decided_on_as_the_go_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"d67rqej"
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"score": [
3,
5,
4,
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21,
7
],
"text": [
"Transistor Transistor Logic gates operate on 5Volts. Logical 0 is up to....I think 1.5volts? Logical 1 from 3.5-5v\n\nNot sure wh... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1k3aia | When did adult baptism go mainstream. | I listened to this excellent podcast _URL_0_ and he said several times how outside of the mainstream adult baptism was at the time. I have been to several mainstream American churches (called themselves Lutheran or non-denominational) that practice adult baptism. When did this idea go mainstream (or did it? I could be ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1k3aia/when_did_adult_baptism_go_mainstream/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbkyuba",
"cbkzei9"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"After the Reformation, the only sect of Christians that practiced adult baptism were the Anabaptists, as indicated by their name. This aspect of their practice caused persecution by Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists. \n\n... | [] | [
"http://www.dancarlin.com/disp.php/hharchive/Show-48---Prophets-of-Doom/Luther-Reformation-history"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4atckz | because natural selection is not happening to humans with modern medicine, what does it mean for the human race in the near and distant future? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4atckz/eli5_because_natural_selection_is_not_happening/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Medical and technological advances will heavily outweigh the potential evolutionary benefits humanity as a species may have possibly gained over thousands of years due to natural ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.thelancet.com/cms/attachment/2040893391/2054793694/gr4.jpg"
],
[]
] | ||
3i1zwq | Are North and South poles of a planet or magnet interchangeable? | I mean are there certain properties to say a north pole different from that of a south pole? Or are they essentially the same and the only difference is in nomenclature? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3i1zwq/are_north_and_south_poles_of_a_planet_or_magnet/ | {
"a_id": [
"cucn0sy"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The right-hand rule sets the convention, which says that the north pole of, say, a bar magnet is the pole from which magnetic lines diverge and the south pole is the pole into which magnetic lines converge. We could have just as well defined the ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
28kxzm | Is the vacuum of outer space fundamentally the same as the empty space between particles like electrons and proton? Or are they different somehow? | To be clear I'm not suggesting that planets and stars are equivalent to protons and elections. I'm just curious about the empty space. I've heard that the vacuum of space is actually supposed to be an energetic place because of virtual particles, how does this compare to the mostly empty space of an atom? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/28kxzm/is_the_vacuum_of_outer_space_fundamentally_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cibxhpi"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"An atom is not mostly empty space. This is a common misconception. The electrons, protons, and neutrons that make up an atom are not little solid balls separated by vast expanses of empty space. They are quantum objects that act somewhat like wav... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1l6icg | What would happen if you antibacterialized your digestive system? | Do all of the bacteria need to be there for you to survive? What happens if they get taken away? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1l6icg/what_would_happen_if_you_antibacterialized_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbw7hkw",
"cbwkifb"
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"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"This happens frequently on very strong antibiotics. It causes digestive disorders and colonization of the gut by unfriendly microbes, notably Clostridium difficile (C. diff), which causes severe diarrhea, is hard to disinfec... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/c-difficile/DS00736"
],
[]
] | |
38gfiw | why do zambonis need to be so big? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38gfiw/eli5why_do_zambonis_need_to_be_so_big/ | {
"a_id": [
"cruu5rw",
"cruvvwo",
"cruwgyj"
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"To hold more warm water so they can clean/smooth ice more effectually. \n\nHow whole internal parts works I am not 100% on. But playing hokey for 10 years you tend to notice things. I know it picks up t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1ekjei | How did Pangaea form into one island, given the randomness of plate tectonics? | It all seems very coincidental that all the landmass on the earth would have come together in one area, surely there would have been some continents that were not part of Pangaea. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ekjei/how_did_pangaea_form_into_one_island_given_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca1659i"
],
"score": [
31
],
"text": [
"In fact supercontinent cycles are a fairly regular occurrance as far as we can work out, with a periodicity of about 250-500 million years. _URL_0_\n\nThe driving force for plate tectonics is subduction of oceanic crust - in other words the clos... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercontinent_cycle"
]
] | |
edo6go | why does sleep deprivation make you see spiders/bugs on your peripheral vision? | ETA: I’m bipolar and have put myself through bad sleep deprivation during episodes of mania (don’t do this, kids), as well as talked to people who have undergone the same and it seems most people have a similar experience:
Spiders > phantom sensations > loss of depth perception > some weird music that feels like it co... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/edo6go/eli5_why_does_sleep_deprivation_make_you_see/ | {
"a_id": [
"fbj3cs7"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"I'm pretty sure you are asking why sleep deprivation causes hallucinations, well, sleeping is important for your body, but it's the most important thing for your brain, because during a sleep cycle the brain gets rid of toxins that have accumulat... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/news/why-do-humans-hallucinate-little-sleep"
]
] | |
3p4e7c | How did Romans and Greeks treat the ideas of war and peace? | [deleted] | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3p4e7c/how_did_romans_and_greeks_treat_the_ideas_of_war/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw35bvc"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"There were people who have a lot of different viewpoints just as you have right now in our society. There was also a lot of discussion on war and peace as is now the case. \n\nAn interesting shift took place in the general discussion due to the c... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6r3hhp | what determines a person's sense of humor? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6r3hhp/eli5what_determines_a_persons_sense_of_humor/ | {
"a_id": [
"dl22ppn",
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"score": [
7,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Mostly psychological. When a person has good sense of humor, it generally means they are happy, socially confident and likely to have a healthy perspective on life. But this has exceptions because hum... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
p0ho5 | Putting something in orbit | I've seen a lot of people who use a weather balloon to take some kind of payload in near space (like 20 km up and higher) [wiki](_URL_0_), once the balloon explodes, the payloads starts falling down again. The same thing is done with amateur rocketry (but on average not that high).
Could it be possible to combine thes... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/p0ho5/putting_something_in_orbit/ | {
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"score": [
8,
6,
2,
2,
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2,
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23,
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"text": [
"The speed required is ridiculously fast (about ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Radio_High_Altitude_Ballooning"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.jpaerospace.com/"
],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/user/johnmpowell"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant_mass_fraction"
]
] | |
2qu9s5 | how does time lapse video with the different angle work? does someone slowly move the camera to a different location to create that smooth movement? | _URL_0_
here's a few good example but what is the setup like? I would really like to try doing something like this. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qu9s5/eli5how_does_time_lapse_video_with_the_different/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn9k1ve",
"cn9srjx"
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"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"jop, stepper motors and stuff, actually many people build those themselves because its really not dark magic. _URL_0_",
"/u/YMK1234 is right. You just build a rig that will move the camera, usually powered by an electric... | [] | [
"http://vimeo.com/31413518"
] | [
[
"http://www.diyphotography.net/build-an-amazing-super-versatile-diy-time-lapse-dolly/"
],
[]
] | |
brdb9e | I keep hearing Pro-choice People say harsh abortion laws will “take us back to the Dark ages”. How acceptable/unacceptable was abortion in the Early middle ages? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/brdb9e/i_keep_hearing_prochoice_people_say_harsh/ | {
"a_id": [
"eoizi3n"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Answering this question is difficult, not least because record survival from this period is scanty and one-sided. The most prolific writers in late antiquity and the so-called ‘dark ages’ were theologians. If we dig deep enough, we might find so... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3m9u9s | how does russia maintain and sustain #2 military in the world with economy smaller than brazil or italy (#10)? | I don't understand how Russia can pump out advanced fighters like PAK-FA or advanced tanks like T-14 Armada MBT, or upgrade their entire tank force to T-90 when they are apparently broke from oil plunge, sanctions, etc... I don't understand! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3m9u9s/eli5_how_does_russia_maintain_and_sustain_2/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvd8vj5",
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"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"By spending a larger portion of their money on their military. This is how North Korea keeps a large army on a small GDP, they don't spend as much on food. It's all a matter of choices.",
"No other country manages to s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2ss82x | Did royalty ever get an inkling that birth defects was a cause of marrying their family members? | I mean...after generations of marrying cousins to cousins, wouldn't you realize that your kids keep turning out like ruined pancakes?
EDIT: Did royalty every get an inkling that birth defects were caused by marrying their family member? (I have no idea what it going on with my title, there.) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ss82x/did_royalty_ever_get_an_inkling_that_birth/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnshgfd"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"People tend to think that the European royal houses were long, unbroken lines stretching back into the mists of time, aka \"the Middle Ages\". In fact, that's not the case at all, and intermarriage between royal houses was rarer -- and was not re... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6mi7rz | How long did NASA truly expect the Mars Rovers to function? | NASA said they would survive 90 days. Spirt operated for 2269 days. It's always best to over deliver. Are there true predictions and likely ways they would fail? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6mi7rz/how_long_did_nasa_truly_expect_the_mars_rovers_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dk2ekau",
"dk2h8zu"
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"score": [
6,
5
],
"text": [
"All components, and the system as a whole, are calculated for a given reliability. Usually it's like 95% for the expected mission duration. If it does survive to this date as expected, odds are it won't fail right the next d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ZLp_uav1--/c_scale,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/873191342061852193.jpg"
]
] | |
28vedr | why do you hear a whoosh noise if you put a glass on your ear? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28vedr/eli5why_do_you_hear_a_whoosh_noise_if_you_put_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cietlbh"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Blood flow in your year. I guess you can hear it because it is amplified in the enclosed space of the glass."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6djj8t | how a noun can become a verb, like google or photoshop? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6djj8t/eli5_how_a_noun_can_become_a_verb_like_google_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"di356o0"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"People just start using the word as a verb and it becomes popular.\n\nThere's not much more to it than that."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5rw7yt | how do electronic ph sensors work? | This is pretty much what I wonder about every kind of sensor - electronic scales, cameras, etc. - but the one I especially don't get is an electronic pH probe. What exactly is it that "senses" the H+ ions present in a solution, differentiates from any other kind of dissolved cation, and translates the intensity of the ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5rw7yt/eli5_how_do_electronic_ph_sensors_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddanz1j"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"An electric pH meter is essentially just a voltmeter. An acid solution is essentially half of a battery, so the pH meter brings the rest of the battery along and measures the potential difference between the two leads on the probe. Once you've de... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7tgzkc | if light slows down in water, how does it speed back up again when it comes out? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7tgzkc/eli5_if_light_slows_down_in_water_how_does_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtcfufa",
"dtchspt",
"dtcr5mu",
"dtd5nzj",
"dtdt9dg"
],
"score": [
150,
3,
7,
10,
2
],
"text": [
"There's a way to think about this problem that was--IIRC--in Stephen Hawking's *A Brief History of Time*. \n\nImagine a big famous actor walking through a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reciprocalsystem.com/rs/satz/permit.htm"
],
[
"http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/08/q-if-light-slows-down-in-different-materials-then-how-can-it-be-a-universal-speed/"
],
[]
] | ||
2u4bw9 | Can two things ever truly 'touch'? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2u4bw9/can_two_things_ever_truly_touch/ | {
"a_id": [
"co5bzde"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yes, because touch and contact are words defined by our experiences, which means that it isn't an issue of scientific nomenclature. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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