q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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1otv5o | Why can't medical scientists collect data from a group of people and use the same human control group for every medical experiment in the future so that participants in a study don't have to risk taking a placebo? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1otv5o/why_cant_medical_scientists_collect_data_from_a/ | {
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"The major issue with that is it wouldn't be a good control *because* of the lack of a group taking the placebo. When they do most trials they do them double blind. Neither the subject nor the doctor knows who is getting th... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
1uaf8a | Why do lights dim briefly sometimes when lightning strikes nearby? | Why exactly does the power dip briefly sometimes when lightning strikes nearby? I could understand a brightening of lights - or a power spike that would blow out lights and other devices but I've never seen that happen. Or I could understand if the power went out entirely if something in the power grid was shut down... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1uaf8a/why_do_lights_dim_briefly_sometimes_when/ | {
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"If lightning hits a power line or transformer, it could greatly increase the voltage of the lines relative to Earth ground, and a lot of equipment connected to those power lines would be damaged. Varisters or Transorbs are places across power lin... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
c34lta | why are animals and fauna no longer as large as they once were? what has changed about our world that mega fauna and mega animals no longer exist? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c34lta/eli5_why_are_animals_and_fauna_no_longer_as_large/ | {
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"Cold. Bigger bodies are better at retaining heat in cold climate. As the climate warmed over the past 10-20,00... | [] | [] | [
[],
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2o5xzp | why don't 'unincorporated territories of the united states pay taxes? why aren't they considered a state? | "The inhabitants of the ceded territory . . . shall be admitted to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, and immunities of citizens of the United States..." | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2o5xzp/eli5_why_dont_unincorporated_territories_of_the/ | {
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"Well in the US we have a thing about taxing people who don't have representation in the body that decides what those taxes are. They aren't states either because the don't want to ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
8b0buj | Ku Klux Klan's reaction to Hilter | How did the Klan react to Hilter and him advocating the creation of a white ethnostate? How did they view the second world war? Were they anti-Germany for their connection to the U.S./ U.S. identity and them viewing German rule as totalitarian/anti-indivual freedom, or were they in support of Nazi Germany and their ent... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8b0buj/ku_klux_klans_reaction_to_hilter/ | {
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"[From a previous answer](_URL_0_):\n\nSo the history of the KKK and the Nazi movement isn't a particularly big one, but given the similarities - being largely centered around ideologies of racial exclusion - it shouldn't be a surprise that they d... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6gy4nr/the_recent_e3_reveal_of_the_new_wolfenstein_game/diugt1v/"
]
] | |
6a6wa7 | how are open-world video game maps designed? | Some of them are so big, I don't understand how they do it. I presume nobody has to draw every inch of them!? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6a6wa7/eli5_how_are_openworld_video_game_maps_designed/ | {
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"Yep, someone draws every inch. Well, \"models\" is the correct term since it's mostly done in 3D programs now, and there are usually entire teams of designers and the work gets split up among them. It takes a long time to bu... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | |
4eoupv | Battle of Leuctra - the defeat the broke Sparta's power | As u/Iphikrates suggested, I've started a thread for the questions. I have a few of my own. Now I understand a lot would be conjecture and interpretation based on our sources, so if I could get a current state of the debate and what's more widely accepted in unclear situations that would be great!
Here are my question... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4eoupv/battle_of_leuctra_the_defeat_the_broke_spartas/ | {
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"**1/3: Historiography**\n\nThe Battle of Leuktra (371 BC) is notoriously difficult to reconstruct. As Pritchett once remarked with obvious exasperation, \"there are more reconstructions of Leuktra than of any other ancient battle, and the end is... | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4ejs5f/why_were_there_so_many_famous_pitched_battles_in/d21cea5"
] | [
[]
] | |
2iff24 | why is drinking sea water lethal, but soups with massive sodium content are acceptable? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2iff24/eli5eli5_why_is_drinking_sea_water_lethal_but/ | {
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"Because soups with massive sodium content are still much, much, ***MUCH*** less salty than sea water. That's not to say they're healthy, though, Americans... | [] | [] | [
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] | ||
1v7md5 | How genetically dissimilar are different dog breeds? Could a Sheppard donate a kidney to a Lab? Could a Great Dane donate blood to a Chihuahua? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1v7md5/how_genetically_dissimilar_are_different_dog/ | {
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"text": [
"Great question! Both cats of different breeds and dogs of different breeds are of the same species (*Felis catus* and *Canis lupis familiaris* respectively). As such, they can act as donors within their own species of both blood and organs.\n\nT... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_I",
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"https://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/clinpath/modules/coags/typek9.htm",
"http://www.vet.upenn.edu/veterinary-hospitals/ryan-veterinary-hospital/services/surgery/renal-transplantation"
]
] | ||
4c1fan | why is it that whats politically correct sometimes isn't the same as the opinion of the majority? | For example supporting gay marriage has been politically correct for a much longer time than the US has had > 50% that supported it. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4c1fan/eli5_why_is_it_that_whats_politically_correct/ | {
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"text": [
"Let's start off with a statement, society evolves towards increased compassion for all members of society. On the forefront of that evolution is radical thought that tends to be ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
mgxmt | How can paper be sharp enough to cut through human skin? | Papercuts hurt. A lot. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mgxmt/how_can_paper_be_sharp_enough_to_cut_through/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Microscopically the edge of paper is like a saw blade rather than a razor, it has to slide along the skin in order to make the cut.\n",
"Microscopically the edge of paper is like a saw blade rather than a razor, it has... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | |
4exz9i | is gordan ramsay actually a good chef? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4exz9i/eli5_is_gordan_ramsay_actually_a_good_chef/ | {
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"text": [
"There's not really an objective way to answer your question, tastes can certainly vary. His restaurants have earned 16 Michelin stars, which are pretty sought after, so you may take that as an endorsement. At least some of these stars have been e... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2tr77m | was Nero (the emperor) crazy from the beginning ? | Hi
I found two different stories about Nero. the first (from BBC documentary) says that Nero was good man in the beginning, but after "Great Fire of Rome", when he tried to reconstruct the town, he become foolish of art. In the second, (other documentary) it's said that he was crazy from the beginning and the fire was... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2tr77m/was_nero_the_emperor_crazy_from_the_beginning/ | {
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"text": [
"I wrote [an answer](_URL_0_) to a similar question a few months back. The tl;dr of it is that Nero likely never was crazy, he was just really unfit to be an emperor of Rome."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2iuvet/why_and_by_who_was_nero_accused_after_the_fire_in/"
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4iboh5 | Are there any studies that show other species to be capable of lying/dishonesty? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4iboh5/are_there_any_studies_that_show_other_species_to/ | {
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"This was a guestion in AMA with Sir David Attenborough:\n\nIn all your time of shooting nature programs, what is the most human thing you have ever witnessed an animal do?\n\nA chimpanzee does in fact tell lies. If you can b... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
f5q0u | I was spinning in my chair today (question about centripetal and -fugal forces.) | I was spinning on my computer chair with my eyes closed and the chair was very low-friction so it was pretty much the same rpm for ~10 seconds. Yet, I could still tell which direction I was spinning. Isn't the only force acting on me the acceleration towards the center resulting in an outward force in my frame of refer... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/f5q0u/i_was_spinning_in_my_chair_today_question_about/ | {
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"There could be little subtleties that your brain picked up on, like slight wind resistance in the direction of motion, or the apparent motion of certain ligh... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicircular_canal"
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_system"
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[],
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"http://i.imgur.com/rh3CI.png"
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ewrurj | In the 1970s UK sitcom Fawlty Towers, a few guests are shown to live permanently at the hotel. Was this common during this time? What factors led people to choose life in a hotel, and did this have a long history? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ewrurj/in_the_1970s_uk_sitcom_fawlty_towers_a_few_guests/ | {
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"Hotel living has a *long* history--the *Eloise* books by Kay Thompson are probably the most famous example. I can talk a little bit about some of the earlier history, specifically, hotel living in Paris!\n\n*(This is adapted from several of my ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
dympbs | Why did 20th amendment required 3/4 of the states to be ratified? | My understanding is that for an amendment to be ratified, it is required that 2/3 of the states have to approve the said amendment through their legislative process.
However, the section 6 of the 20th amendment sets the limit at 3/4 of the states:
Section 6.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have be... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dympbs/why_did_20th_amendment_required_34_of_the_states/ | {
"a_id": [
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"I think a couple of things are getting mixed up here. \n\nFor the process of amending the Constitution, as laid out in the 1787 document (Article V), here is the original language:\n\n > The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
60kzbf | What do we know about the fowl of the roman empire? | My understanding is turkeys are a much more recent addition to european cuisine than other birds. What poultry would a Roman have typically eaten in the late empire? How would they have prepared it? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/60kzbf/what_do_we_know_about_the_fowl_of_the_roman_empire/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Fortunately there is a cook book from the late 4th or early 5th century CE. That book is Apicius. Keep in mind these recipes would have been for the upper class of society. There is a section on fowl which includes chicken, pheasant, goose, duck ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29728/29728-h/29728-h.htm#bki_chvii"
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jjxny | the plot of the legend of zelda series | Preferably in Hyrulian chronological order. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jjxny/eli5_the_plot_of_the_legend_of_zelda_series/ | {
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"It's hard to attribute a chronology to Zelda, though some aspects can be assumed ( like Wind Waker seems to be a post-apocalyptic Hyrule, the Great Sea having flooded the world ), ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://www.gametrailers.com/video/zelda-retrospective-the-legend/15194"
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[],
[
"http://www.gametrailers.com/video/zelda-retrospective-the-legend/15194"
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] | |
7tkvqg | What causes the double sonic boom of Falcon rockets landing? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7tkvqg/what_causes_the_double_sonic_boom_of_falcon/ | {
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"Practically all objects that breaks the sound barrier cause a double sonic boom. First at the front of the object, where it is pushing away the air, and second at the end of the object, where it stops pushing away the air. At both these points th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
30uqnv | In the UK, how did political power shift away from the nobility? | At one point in time, the Parliament was dominated by the nobility but nowadays it's dominated by the "common man" (though a cynic may say it hasn't changed at all).
My question, specifically, is basically when did it become OK for someone who wasn't born to noble blood to hold actual political power? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/30uqnv/in_the_uk_how_did_political_power_shift_away_from/ | {
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"It was taken from the hands of the nobility in 1999 when Labour removed the rights of peers to sit in the House of Lords, which is the UK's second chamber.\n\n92 hereditary peers are left there today, along with 26 Princes of the Church. The rest... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
eipohz | What's the science behind the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs? Why were they still airborne when they detonated? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/eipohz/whats_the_science_behind_the_hiroshima_and/ | {
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"text": [
"Both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs were devices meant to create a supercritical state in a mass of enriched uranium (Hiroshima) or plutonium (Nagasaki), which allowed for an explosive nuclear fission chain reaction. In more layman's speak, th... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/Pn6USKsoZIvYhw6pDb4cbVd4qWM=/fit-in/1072x0/https://public-media.si-cdn.com/filer/50/46/504659b9-3185-420c-9b86-d83c702b4ddd/file-20171129-12035-4shqnh.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_wave#/media/File:Mach_effect_sequence.svg",
"http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/... | ||
p79ph | what makes facebook so valuable? why would it be a 100 bn $ company? | Facebook is not making any products/ selling anything. Why would it be valuable? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/p79ph/eli5_what_makes_facebook_so_valuable_why_would_it/ | {
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25ev3s | is there an evolutionary benefit to the type of hair you have? | For example why is it that africans have a certain type of hair, a lot of irish people have red hair, and asian people have the black straight hair. (I am generalizing of course.) Was this natural selection? What is the significance of hair? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25ev3s/eli5_is_there_an_evolutionary_benefit_to_the_type/ | {
"a_id": [
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"I can tell you that having really curly afro hair in the summer heat means that I can sick my fingers in my hair and it feels like there is a little private AC unit in there. It keeps my head cool, I imagine it does, and has... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2s1066 | when nasa created the golden record that they sent with the voyager probe, how did they know that another intelligent species who found the probe would be able to read/play it? | What makes them think that if an alien race finds it, they'll know what to do with it? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s1066/eli5_when_nasa_created_the_golden_record_that/ | {
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"text": [
"They printed instructions on how to play the disk in pictograms onto the disk cover.\n\nsee this picture on the explaination of the pictograms\n\n_URL_0_",
"It was also used as a memorial of humanit... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record#mediaviewer/File:Voyager_Golden_Record_Cover_Explanation.svg"
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89qgl1 | what's a tarif? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/89qgl1/eli5_whats_a_tarif/ | {
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"text": [
"A tariff is a tax on imports or exports.\n\nFor example, if you have a 100% tariff on iron, that means someone wanting to import (or export) iron into your country must pay 100% of the value of the iron in taxes.",
"You ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
9vgqii | How does hydrogen peroxide work to remove stains? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9vgqii/how_does_hydrogen_peroxide_work_to_remove_stains/ | {
"a_id": [
"e9e5ovo"
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"It either oxidizes the material responsible for the coloration to the point that it becomes water soluble and rinses away or until it no longer absorbs light in the visible spectrum (organic dyes absorb light in certain color bands based on the e... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
129g3o | How did the first century Greeks and Romans view women? Further, how was this different from how Christians treated women? | I come from a very conservative Christian background, and in studies I have begun to question the role of women in the early Church. On the one hand they are seen as equal to men (Galatians 3:28), but on the other they are to be silent in the assembly (1 Corinthians 14:34).
This leads me to my question on the treatme... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/129g3o/how_did_the_first_century_greeks_and_romans_view/ | {
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"There's an [interesting article on this at _URL_0_](_URL_1_).",
"Rodney Stark wrote an interesting article in the mid-90's arguing that as early Christianity attracted a disproportionately large num... | [] | [] | [
[
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"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html"
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qpxrf | what went down in the ows subreddit? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qpxrf/eli5_what_went_down_in_the_ows_subreddit/ | {
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"text": [
"What is the OWS subreddit?",
"I only have a tenuous grasp of the situation, but what I gathered was that some dick (username: [TheGhostOfNoLibs](_URL_0_)) finagled his way i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/user/TheGhostOfNoLibs",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/ronpaul/comments/qo7uo/enoughpaulspam_moderators_have_become_moderators/"
],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/SubredditDrama/comments/qonx3/update_roccupywallstreet_allegedly_taken_over_by/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r... | ||
20r2xz | Why is it human nature to enjoy the pain of others? | Everything from insulting derogatory jokes, to practical joke nut shots, humans seem to enjoy it all. Why do we find these nut shots and racist jokes so funny? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/20r2xz/why_is_it_human_nature_to_enjoy_the_pain_of_others/ | {
"a_id": [
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4
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"text": [
"It is not human nature to enjoy the suffering of others, quite the opposite in fact. Empathy is the one of the very important reasons our society functions well. \n\nSometimes however, the relief that we are not the ones suf... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/24/arts/sorrow-so-sweet-a-guilty-pleasure-in-another-s-woe.html"
]
] | |
7p2l5u | Is there an auditory processing disorder that is similar to dyslexia? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7p2l5u/is_there_an_auditory_processing_disorder_that_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"There is a disorder literally called Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) that is similar to Dyslexia. It is an abnormality in the processing of sound in the central auditory nervous system and it affects the brain’s ability to filter and process ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1p3ndq | How did James Maxwell determine that electromagnetic waves create their own medium? | Electromagnetic waves can travel in a vacuum. James Maxwell hypothesized that they create a medium as they move. Maxwell was a mathematician - what kind of experiment did he do to come to this conclusion? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1p3ndq/how_did_james_maxwell_determine_that/ | {
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"To get the speed of light, you can take Maxwell's equations, assume there are no charges anywhere, and 'pluck' the electric or magnetic field and watch what happens. The solution to these assumptions is a wave propagating through the EM field at ... | [] | [] | [
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] | |
186039 | Does the electromagnetic spectrum abruptly stop at gamma rays.. or are there higher energy/shorter wavelengths out there? | If so, where do they originate? Would it be possible (or worthwhile) to attempt to make them artificially? Is there some reason why a shorter wavelength would be impossible?
Thanks in advance to anyone who could give some feedback! | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/186039/does_the_electromagnetic_spectrum_abruptly_stop/ | {
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"No, there is no sharp cut off, though we don't have a standard term for super-high energy photons. Typical gamma rays from nuclear have energies of 10^(5) to 10^(7) eV. Astronomical sources can yield energies around 10^... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1847"
]
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7kz79d | Monday Methods | An Indigenous Pedagogy | Good day! Welcome to another installment of Monday Methods (ignore that this was submitted Tuesday night), a bi-weekly feature where we discuss, explain, and explore historical methods, historiography, and theoretical frameworks concerning history.
Today, I want to talk about something slightly different. It does conc... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7kz79d/monday_methods_an_indigenous_pedagogy/ | {
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"This is incredibly interesting as a way to approach teaching. Do you know if this is implemented in non-indigenous settings too or is it something that is a process within specifically indigenous settings?",
"Another ver... | [] | [
"https://i.imgur.com/yfzc5B1.png"
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[],
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] | |
b1gyrh | why are some seasonal fruits, like apples, available all year round, but others aren't? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b1gyrh/eli5_why_are_some_seasonal_fruits_like_apples/ | {
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"Seasonal fuits are grown in both the northern and southern hemispheres and shipped all over the world. A lot of summer fruits that are available in grocery stores in the winter in northern countries are grown in Chile, Argentina, New Zealand etc.... | [] | [] | [
[]
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4js7a2 | how do they fake apps/operating systems in movies/tv | For example when a character is using a smartphone or computer and it shows the screen as they text, browse files, or use a website. Is that all done in post-production? Or is it a skin on an OS or an app created specifically for the show? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4js7a2/eli5_how_do_they_fake_appsoperating_systems_in/ | {
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"Usually you would want to do it in post-production because screens don't film well due to different refresh rates. They may have prompts on the screen if the scene calls for it tho... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://cache3.asset-cache.net/xd/492406308.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=DF8D445051B40C7410989D060BD8CDE2DD9BE2D9A1DB104CA41314691DF08E4AEB30ADFDF762C549"
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PxTAn4g20U",
"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1268048/",
"https://www.exploit-db.com/... | |
az97nm | why do game consoles not need a 3 prong plug with a ground wire but things like amplifiers and pcs do? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/az97nm/eli5_why_do_game_consoles_not_need_a_3_prong_plug/ | {
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"The 3rd prong is just an added safety precaution. To be approved by the UL anything with an exposed metal case needs to have the 3rd prong so if a wire inside the device comes loose and into contact with the case the current will go down the gro... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1rvx41 | How does the rate at which a star burns up scale with temperature? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rvx41/how_does_the_rate_at_which_a_star_burns_up_scale/ | {
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"Just taking some of the relationships from [here.](_URL_0_) We have:\n\n- Lifespan is proportional to M^-2.5 \n- L is proportional to M^3.5 \n- L is also proportional to T^4\n\n(where L is luminosity, T is temperature and M is mass). So combinin... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence#Lifetime"
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s0rih | how is downloading movies/books online any different than going to your local library to check out movies/books for free? | Do libraries have to pay extra to these companies (i.e. distribution fees?) or is it just like one person buying a copy and distributing it? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/s0rih/eli5_how_is_downloading_moviesbooks_online_any/ | {
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21rgzl | what would happen if somebody broke the nato treaty? | lets say a NATO country were to be attacked. they would obviously seek help from their allies, but what would happen if we did not follow through on our treaty? say the balkan states were attacked by russia and the US, not wanting to risk ww3 refused to send military support, would the world stand and watch or is that ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21rgzl/eli5what_would_happen_if_somebody_broke_the_nato/ | {
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"Sending military support is only one way NATO countries can show support. They can also provide financial aide, legal aide, or advisory aide.\n\nUnless one NATO country attacked another, I can't imagine a situation where the other NATO countries ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2mbz84 | Why are Hydrogen(1) and Helium(2) highly abundant in the universe, while Lithium(3) and Beryllium(4) not that much? | I came across [this](_URL_0_) the other day. I made a quick search but didn't find much. Can someone explain? Is it due to the state? Or due to their reactivity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mbz84/why_are_hydrogen1_and_helium2_highly_abundant_in/ | {
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"Production of lithium from helium is highly *Endothermic*, meaning that it consumes massive amounts of energy instead of creating it. Secondly the fact that it's endothermic results in a significant *Energy Barrier* that needs to be overcome, on ... | [] | [
"http://universe-review.ca/I14-08-elements.jpg"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray_spallation",
"http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/lectures/ADSEM/WS0910_Goblirsch.pdf"
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e0a1gy | why does putting the air conditioner on 25°c in a cooling mode feel different from the same 25°c in heating mode? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e0a1gy/eli5_why_does_putting_the_air_conditioner_on_25c/ | {
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1r281s | land bridges | How did the land bridges work? I've always imagined they were really narrow isthmuses (maybe ancient people could even see water on either side of them as they were crossing). My friend, however, says they were much narrower, and that people were essentially waist-deep in water as they crossed them. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1r281s/eli5_land_bridges/ | {
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"Here's a NOAA map of the last ice age sea levels at their peak (trough) _URL_0_\n\n",
"It depends on what land bridge and when. The Bering straits land bridge connecting Modern day Alaska to Russia is said to be at one p... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/pictures/GLOBALsealeveldrop110m.jpg"
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[]
] | |
qvtve | what's the deal with tuxes, blazers, etc, when is each appropriate, what kind of occasions? | i didn't have a dad =( | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qvtve/whats_the_deal_with_tuxes_blazers_etc_when_is/ | {
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"In descending order of fanciness:\n\n- **[White Tie](_URL_2_)**, otherwise known as Evening Dress or Top Hat And Tails.\nThis is as formal as it gets in Western fashion, and is generally restricted to very high occasions lik... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_dress",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_tie",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_tie"
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[]
] | |
r077h | How do weather satellites measure barometric pressure in the atmosphere from space? | Or maybe a smilar question with less assumptions: How do meteorologists know where high and low pressures exist in such detail even out in the middle of the ocean? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/r077h/how_do_weather_satellites_measure_barometric/ | {
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"Satellite radar systems can correlate a specific band of the electromagnetic spectrum with surface pressure, but according to my relatively limited knowledge of remote sensing, this technique is not commonly in use. Surface... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropsonde"
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rf7tn | Volume of Earths atmosphere? | So all this global warming talk has me thinking. What is the actual volume of the atmosphere, and what is the global volume of greenhouse gasses emitted by man every year? This makes me wonder where do the greenhouse gasses go? Some is absorbed by plants, what percentage would that be? Where does the rest go? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rf7tn/volume_of_earths_atmosphere/ | {
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"The volume of Earth's atmosphere, using the [accepted definition of the edge of the atmosphere](_URL_0_) is approximately 5.18*10^19 m^3 . Not very useful without something to compare it to, but it's a place to start."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karman_line"
]
] | |
21hsv3 | why do stores offer cash-out, if it seems like they don't make any profit off it. (they charge your card, and give you that amount in cash) | when you go to the grocery store and they offer you cash out, they charge your card 20$ and give you 20$ cash, seems like a lot of effort and they haven't made any profit from it. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21hsv3/eli5why_do_stores_offer_cashout_if_it_seems_like/ | {
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} | [] | [] | [
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] | |
1rgf8v | Why does a single gas molecule which is hot rise above another one which is cool? | I know that they say an area of hot air becomes less dense, and so it rises above colder areas of air.
However, this seems to be treating areas of gas molecules as though they are a coherent aggregation, like a solid.
To explain my question, let me refer to an example: a plank of wood floats because the molecules co... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rgf8v/why_does_a_single_gas_molecule_which_is_hot_rise/ | {
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"Metrics such as temperature describe the behavior of a system that is made up of components. These types of properties are termed emergent properties because they are derived from the behavior of the s... | [] | [] | [
[],
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ciy7p9 | how was space x able to build better rockets than nasa having less budget and experience? | How come space X, blue origin and other private space companies are capable of building better rockets than NASA, when NASA has +50 years of experience in the industry and a massive budget? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ciy7p9/eli5_how_was_space_x_able_to_build_better_rockets/ | {
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1c0opv | Is it true that there have been 29 years free of war in all of human history? | I've heard this "fact" many times, and apparently it was claimed by Will Durant. I can't find the context of this statement or his methodology in determining it however. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1c0opv/is_it_true_that_there_have_been_29_years_free_of/ | {
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"It rather depends how you define things. If you count tribal disputes as wars, then it is unlikely there was ever a year without war. If you don't count tribal disputes, only formal armies, then the majority of human existence was without war. ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3ijh7x | Why didn't Hitler tell Mussolini about his plans to invade the USSR? | I saw this on a documentary today. It was a total surprise to Mussolini. I thought the Italians were in it from the start.
Why didn't Hitler tell him and when did the Italians get into the USSR war? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ijh7x/why_didnt_hitler_tell_mussolini_about_his_plans/ | {
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"This one is kind of complex. \n\n[Operation Barbarossa](_URL_2_) was the operation the Axis had planned to invade the Soviet Union. Nazi Germany had started to amass troops and equipment and had a pre... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Italian_War",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greece",
"https://en.wikip... | |
qsuob | what is cancer? (specifically leukemia) | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qsuob/eli5_what_is_cancer_specifically_leukemia/ | {
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"You, my ELI5 friend, are made of cells. Billions and billions of them, and they all have special jobs, shapes, and grow a different rates.\n\nSometimes we want cells to grow and d... | [] | [] | [
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3zxi88 | why are neanderthals always depicted with caucasian features? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zxi88/eli5_why_are_neanderthals_always_depicted_with/ | {
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"Because when you take the bones and perform the same reconstructive methods used on modern skeletons, they end up looking like some old Polish people. They w... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.dailytech.com/NeanderthalHuman+Breeding+Was+Hard+But+Yielded+Benefits/article34236.htm"
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182pco | Urban abandonment during late antiquity and the middle ages. | After the fall of the Roman Empire, why were the great cities mostly abandoned? Well, not just the major cities, but urban areas in general. Society gravitated towards a more sustenance based economy and rural farming etc.
For instance, why were the aqueducts left broken after the Goth victory? You had both the Ostro... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/182pco/urban_abandonment_during_late_antiquity_and_the/ | {
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"In the case of the Roman empire, there are several possibilities:\n\n- The loss of North Africa to the Vandals. North Africa was the breadbasket of the Western Roman Empire, and without it, huge cities could no longer be supported. There was a si... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2vgf5t | why doesn't the us military replace the m9. i'm sure there are better pistols out there. | Thanks for the replies so far! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vgf5t/eli5_why_doesnt_the_us_military_replace_the_m9_im/ | {
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"The US Army is actually looking at replacing the Beretta. Probably within the next two years.",
"They're in the process of evaluating new pistols. As I u... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_Handgun_System"
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12zv9c | Hello AskHistorians, what are the most interesting or important books within your specialty, and what are they about? I am a teacher, creating a recommended/optional reading list for highly motivated students. Thank you! | I am creating a list of optional/recommended reading for those special students who really want to go above and beyond and learn more. I can tell you about good books to read within my own subset of interests, but there are a lot of areas that I know fairly little about.
If there's a book that you think is worth readi... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/12zv9c/hello_askhistorians_what_are_the_most_interesting/ | {
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34tpp6 | apparently there are tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from ireland in places like new york. isn't life very difficult for them? how do they earn money? can they get things like houses, driving licenses, healthcare, etc? | a | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34tpp6/eli5_apparently_there_are_tens_of_thousands_of/ | {
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"The same way that the millions of illegal immigrants from other countries living in other places do those things. Some get a stolen social security number. More often they just pay in cash, get paid in cash, drive without a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
q092n | If our moon causes our tides, and considering the size, wouldn't moons around a planet the size of Jupiter have tides that would flood entire continents? | Pretty self explanatory... I know there is no moons like earth with liquid water on the surface around Jupiter, but theoretically the tides would be enormous, right? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/q092n/if_our_moon_causes_our_tides_and_considering_the/ | {
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"An interesting question, but it turns out that most moons are tidally locked to their planets, so the same side is always facing the planet, just like our Mo... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(moon)#Tidal_heating"
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46rb6a | why do most aeroplane hangars have curved roofs regardless of their size? | Note that the strongest structure is a dome so it's not for strength & it's not for design as it uses more materials & costs more.
EDIT: If it is for strength then wouldn't it be best to use a dome rather than an arch? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46rb6a/eli5_why_do_most_aeroplane_hangars_have_curved/ | {
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"Actually it is for strength. An arch is incredibly strong and puts far less strain on the materials than a flat surface. ",
"Since ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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[]
] | |
2wqylg | What is the mythological precedent for Jesus's single resurrection? | Ancient religions were full of "dying gods," gods and goddesses who died and then rose in a specific cycle. We have Adonis, Persephone, and Dionysus, and that's just in Greek mythology. The list is massive, but these all have the idea of a cycle in common. They'll die again, and come back again, forever. Are there any ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2wqylg/what_is_the_mythological_precedent_for_jesuss/ | {
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"'The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt' by Toby Wilkinson describes how \"original sin [and] final judgement before a great god, and the promise of a glorious resurrection\" (p143-144) are already devised... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.worldcat.org/title/riddle-of-resurrection-dying-and-rising-gods-in-the-ancient-near-east/oclc/48966476&referer=brief_results"
],
[]
] | |
smy23 | Since pi is irrational, is there a point in pi's decimals where there are 1 billion subsequent threes? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/smy23/since_pi_is_irrational_is_there_a_point_in_pis/ | {
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"Probably, but not just because it's irrational. For example, the [Liouville constant](_URL_1_) is irrational but has only 0's and 1's in its decimal expansion.\n\nHowever, pi is strongly conjectured to be a [normal number](_URL_0_). If this is th... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_number",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_number#Liouville_constant"
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1t9hqt | how are the nsa intercepting my data? | For example I just finished a transaction for rail tickets. I submitted my credit card details online (encrypted), and received a confirmation email to my gmail containing travel information.
Assuming I am US, by what method did the NSA just get hold of either/both the credit card details and travel information? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t9hqt/eli5_how_are_the_nsa_intercepting_my_data/ | {
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" > Assuming I am US, by what method did the NSA just get hold of either/both the credit card details and travel information?\n\nSo the NSA is a spying agency, that also is involved in technical standards. They have court oversight through FISA, ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6prw04 | why does increased air flow extinguish flames? wouldn't you be adding the necessary ingredients? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6prw04/eli5_why_does_increased_air_flow_extinguish/ | {
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"Fire requires fuel, oxygen, and heat. When you know out a flame, you're removing the heat necessary to continue the self-sustaining combustion reaction.",
"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained:\n\n1... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34y4gj/eli5_how_does_wind_blow_out_fire_like_on_a_match/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23w5ck/eli5_why_does_blowing_air_on_a_small_flame_put_it/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/55upp6/eli5_why_ca... | ||
5hmxgz | why do people feel comfortable with themselves in the mirror, but hate themselves in flipped pictures? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5hmxgz/eli5_why_do_people_feel_comfortable_with/ | {
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"Short answer: Because mirrors show a mirrored version of your face that you are used to/comfortable seeing. Photographs show a \"correct\" version of your face where it is not mirrored and it looks off to the person who perc... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://imgur.com/iRL3DT5"
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2nm0xs | If I could fly and I flew upwards really slowly, could I escape the earths atmosphere? | Ive heard that you need to travel very fast to escape earths atmosphere. Is this true? Does that mean the atmosphere is more solid than I believed? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2nm0xs/if_i_could_fly_and_i_flew_upwards_really_slowly/ | {
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"There is no minimum speed required to reach space, just a minimum speed to stay up there. What your probably thinking about is Escape velocity, and it is an actual speed, speed that is needed to attain a geosynchronous orbit... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
9meyt9 | American WW1 vet grave markings. | I’m trying to do some research on a relative who fought in WW1. I haven’t been able to find much info other than what’s on his grave.
The tombstone reads as follows: Name, PFC CO.A 13th M.G. BN. WORLD WAR 1
It’s my understanding that he was a machine gunner and fought in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. I’m trying to... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9meyt9/american_ww1_vet_grave_markings/ | {
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"text": [
"That's his unit. Company A, 13th Machine Gun Battalion.\n\nSee page 76 of this PDF\n\n_URL_0_",
"Hi there! The MG BN probably stands for Machine Gun Battalion. You might find our [resources on locating military records](... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/023/23-2/CMH_Pub_23-2.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjtn5KMgffdAhXIT98KHV4jDaoQFjAFegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw03HCpceVlbfoUvg93XYMmJ"
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/militaryrecords"
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2s5wdf | -if lance armstrong and his generation were doped to the gills how is it that this generation of cyclists is breaking their records absent significant technology advances and without drugs. | I love cycling and frankly don't care that they dope since it seems pretty clear they are all doing it and it's a "problem"in every sport nit just cycling, but the UCI would have us believe that banning Lance and stripping him of his wins fixed the problem when this generation is breaking the records his generation set... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s5wdf/eli5if_lance_armstrong_and_his_generation_were/ | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour_record",
"http://www.bikeroar.com/articles/biggest-cl... | |
cojrh6 | why do people think that jeffrey epstein’s death seems like a coincidence? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cojrh6/eli5_why_do_people_think_that_jeffrey_epsteins/ | {
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"At this point he was... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/07/25/epstein-found-unconscious-new-york-cell-neck-injuries/"
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[],
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3h9x19 | why do bad smells seem to be so much more resilient than good ones? | Like, a sweaty pair of running shoes can be detected right across a room for days but a bowl of potpourri has a radius of maybe 20cm. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3h9x19/eli5_why_do_bad_smells_seem_to_be_so_much_more/ | {
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"I would assume that it is because bad smells are most often things that can negatively affect our health, like feces and rotting food and we should avoid as long as it is around. \n\nThe running shoes example doesn't exactly... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3akn2d | when i bend my little finger, why do my other fingers also move? | And then why, when I move my index finger, do my other fingers remain still? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3akn2d/eli5_when_i_bend_my_little_finger_why_do_my_other/ | {
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"text": [
"[This page](_URL_0_) has a pretty good explanation of it. In some cases, it's because the part of your brain that controls the movement isn't fine-tuned to only move that one finger, so the signal to bend get sent to the oth... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.psychologyinaction.org/2012/02/18/muscles-and-the-mind/"
],
[]
] | |
zy2p1 | If the gene that causes dwarfism is dominant why is it that the percentage of the general population that have this dominant gene is not higher? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zy2p1/if_the_gene_that_causes_dwarfism_is_dominant_why/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Inheriting two copies of the gene usually leads to death in infancy [1], and a lot of achrondroplasic dwarfs have chronic pain, which would cause a general decrease in \"fitness\" (in the Darwinian sense). It seems fair to say it probably puts pe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002544/"
]
] | ||
4i9wvs | Can a strong enough electric field penetrate Faraday cage? | [deleted] | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4i9wvs/can_a_strong_enough_electric_field_penetrate/ | {
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"A Faraday cage works because the electrons in the cage respond to an external electric field and re-arrange themselves naturally to create an equal and opposite field.\n\nHypothetically, if you had a ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage"
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"http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/302l/lectures/node24.html",
"https://www.princeton.edu/~romalis/PHYS312/Coulomb%20Ref/TuCoulomb.pdf"
]
] | |
1gov32 | Why is steel stronger than pure iron? | Why does the mixture of elements in steel make it stronger than iron? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1gov32/why_is_steel_stronger_than_pure_iron/ | {
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"It all comes down to grain structure. Neither steel nor iron is a completely homogenous solid. A single crystal of metal can deform easily along the crystal axes; but if your metal is made up of a large number of small crystalline regions that a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE2094_NoteBook/96ClassProj/examples/kimcon.html"
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8mjf9h | in court how do they compensate swearing the oath on bibles for people who arent religious or are not christian? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8mjf9h/eli5_in_court_how_do_they_compensate_swearing_the/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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bcgkcp | What is it about Jamaican culture - opposed to other Caribbean nations - that produced so much extraordinary music? | “Extraordinary music”, being quote subjective, judged here on artistic and creative quality, as well as universal resonance and international popularity. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bcgkcp/what_is_it_about_jamaican_culture_opposed_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Not to stifle discussion, but /u/hillsonghoods wrote [some fantastic replies to a similar question](_URL_0_) of mine which I'd recommend checking out."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9h8xj3/from_ska_to_rocksteady_and_reggae_to_dub_jamaican/e6ae1oa/"
]
] | |
3zj9k6 | What do we know about the Helots before they were enslaved by the Dorians/Spartiates? Did they ever manage to liberate themselves? | Additional question which I'm not sure is subreddit appropriate: are the modern inhabitants of the Peloponnesus closer to the Spartiates, the Perioieci or the Helots? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3zj9k6/what_do_we_know_about_the_helots_before_they_were/ | {
"a_id": [
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3
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"text": [
"The ancient sources for helots are of such paucity and quality that scholars keep getting to diametrically opposite conclusions about who they were, what was their servial status, and the timing of their servitude. If you're interested in Helotry... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2005/2005-06-26.html",
"http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Thuc.+4.80",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_invasion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephor"
]
] | |
azfq5l | how do we get propane and other gases from the ground? | If there are pockets of gases in the Earth how do we get them from the ground without the gases just dispersing into the air? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/azfq5l/eli5_how_do_we_get_propane_and_other_gases_from/ | {
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"text": [
"We refine crude oil which contains gases in the oil(similar to carbonated beverages but less fizzy) and can undergo chemical reactions which will take bigger molecules and break them down into smaller molecules, like propan... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
q2dh3 | Does picking up a radio signal with a antenna reduce the power of the signal, even minimally? | If it does, then could one in theory create a device to black out radio by absorbing all the radio waves for other people?
If it doesn't, could we somehow use this latent energy floating around to power anything, given a hypothetically awesome receiver? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/q2dh3/does_picking_up_a_radio_signal_with_a_antenna/ | {
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"text": [
"I'm not a professional, but I actually did this as part of a project in my University.\n\nThe answer to your first question is no, absorbing waves in point x... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://imgur.com/LYBWa"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_radio",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcui0K7JZXA"
],
[]
] | |
a6vibu | Does running through the rain make you more or less dry than walking? | Lets say I had to run to my car in the rain to grab something. Would running to my car and running back make me more or less wet than if I walked to my car and back? Certainly the time I saved by running would decrease my end wetness over a given distance, but would the additional droplets I encountered laterally whil... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a6vibu/does_running_through_the_rain_make_you_more_or/ | {
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3
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"text": [
"If you look at this problem by trying to figure out your wetness as you walk through the falling rain, then it can be pretty tough. But it actually becomes easier if you look at it from the frame of reference of the falling... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MqYE2UuN24"
],
[]
] | |
499dxh | why do stenographers use those tiny typewriters? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/499dxh/eli5_why_do_stenographers_use_those_tiny/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"They're [stenotypes](_URL_0_) which are much faster than typing, but don't transcribe speech directly into readable English but into a form of shorthand.\n\nWhy? It's quicker - the words are formed with \"chords\" rather than letter at a time."
... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenotype"
]
] | ||
n3rh6 | how did the wwii enigma code machines work? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/n3rh6/eli5_how_did_the_wwii_enigma_code_machines_work/ | {
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"text": [
"It's pretty cool, actually. I'll start with the basics. Each letter on the keyboard is connected, or paired, to another letter. So, if you press the A key, for example, you might... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.wordles.com/getcrypto.aspx"
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[],
[
"http://www.wordles.com/getcrypto.aspx"
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[]
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4upyg4 | the lean six sigma methodology | Any help would be much appreciated! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4upyg4/eli5_the_lean_six_sigma_methodology/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"LEAN and 6sigma address two different aspects of factory production.\n\nLEAN applies analysis to find the minimal cost steps needed to produce the item. It could mean the difference between giving a power tool to a worker instead of a manual to... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
cds2jn | how do the "check to ensure you're not a robot" things actually work? what prevents computers from "clicking all pictures with a car"? i'm especially confused with the ones that dont require you to do anything except check the box. does somebody have an explaination? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cds2jn/eli5_how_do_the_check_to_ensure_youre_not_a_robot/ | {
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"text": [
"It checks the way that the person clicks the button (path, speed, etc) to determine if the clicker is indeed a human",
"There's some secret sauce behind these tests, but they check a lot of things.\... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
34oxaj | how did mayweather win that fight? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34oxaj/eli5_how_did_mayweather_win_that_fight/ | {
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27om2o | at the large hadron collider, how do the scientists get the 'right' protons into the machine? | I'm useless as physics and have a basic grasp of the LHC. I wondered how the scientists know what they are firing around inside the LHC or if they have to put stuff in there how do they make sure it's the 'right' stuff? It's all really tiny isn't it? Thanks | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27om2o/eli5_at_the_large_hadron_collider_how_do_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci2ui42"
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"text": [
"You're overthinking the way it actually works.\n\nWhat happens is they use a source that generates literally billions and billions of protons, these are all then accelerated around the machine and then finally allowed to crash into each other. Mo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2dwd63 | What was the origin and meaning behind the haircuts of Medieval Japan? | Last night I was watching *Kagemusha* by Akira Kirosawa (great film, a must watch), and strangely became curious about the haircuts of the various daimyos, and their retainers. Each rank appeared to have a different hair style.
What started these various hairstyles and what were their meanings? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2dwd63/what_was_the_origin_and_meaning_behind_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjtzqr7"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Frankly I only know of the common topknot (\"Chonmage\") which was mostly done as a way to ensure that the kabuto helmet would fit snugly on one's head. The idea was that the topknot would be able to fit through a small hole in the helmet. Over... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2ldjjq | (if your country has them) why do drinks in king-size cans cost less than the normal cans? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ldjjq/eli5_if_your_country_has_them_why_do_drinks_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cltri7t"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There are a lot of fixed costs in packaging drinks and the price of a bigger or smaller can may not make much difference. Most of an items price has nothing to do with the size.\n\nI designed labels for a big box store once and learned that the d... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.pdco.com/node/88289"
]
] | ||
8iacl3 | 4 continuous hours in the sun results in a sunburn, but 4 hours broken up into 15 minutes chunks does not. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8iacl3/eli5_4_continuous_hours_in_the_sun_results_in_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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3910... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"https://www.aad.org/public/spot-skin-cancer/programs/screenings/find-a-screening"
],
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[],
[],
[],
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7pq8nz | what are these new-age solid-state batteries? how are they different from conventional batteries? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7pq8nz/eli5_what_are_these_newage_solidstate_batteries/ | {
"a_id": [
"dsj5sa9"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"They're batteries that use solid electrodes or electrolytes instead of liquid.\n\nThey have potentially higher energy density, and are safer since they're not flammable. They also have longer lifespans and don't produce as much heat.\n\nI think ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
65f3qw | When I think of the legacy of dueling, I picture it as an exclusively male enterprise. Is this really the case? Or are there records of women dueling as well? | Forgive me if this skates too close to the "throughout history" sort of question -- I guess I will narrow it down to 17th-19th c. Europe, if that helps.
Did women ever duel? If so, with what weapons? And over what subjects? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/65f3qw/when_i_think_of_the_legacy_of_dueling_i_picture/ | {
"a_id": [
"dg9qcyw"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"Not discouraging any new answers coming in, but you better believe that /u/Georgy_K_Zhukov wrote about [this topic already](_URL_0_). Hope it helps!"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4sgees/in_western_europe_or_the_americas_did_women_ever/d593h46/"
]
] | |
23auwm | how does a bike roll down a hill (balance) with no assistance? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23auwm/eli5_how_does_a_bike_roll_down_a_hill_balance/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgv84l4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Conservation of angular momentum. The wheels of the bike are spinning on a particular plane, and they naturally \"want\" to continue spinning on that plane, so they resist any change in that motion. In this case they resist the bike tipping over ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
66hq9v | why (in the u.s) we are taxed twice, and in many cases a third time, on the same income? | So I get the reason for taxes. 100% makes sense, you contribute to the society you live in. I'll even go as far as saying why I get that there are federal and state taxes(counting that as one) even though I think the state should tax and the federal government should then collect from the state and not waste time on ev... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66hq9v/eli5_why_in_the_us_we_are_taxed_twice_and_in_many/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgill1s"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There's nothing illegal for different taxation at different levels of government for different purposed. Different taxes are for different governing bodies, some are more regressive, some more progressive, some go to specific uses while others go... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2jwufu | the "internet" to someone from the 1950s | Let's say someone from the 1940s/50s era gets magically transported to our present day.
A lot of things are fairly easy to explain - phones, cars, trains, planes, etc, these all existed in the 40s so things like cellphones, huge TVs, modern transportation, etc, wouldn't be that difficult.
But what about the internet?... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2jwufu/eli5_the_internet_to_someone_from_the_1950s/ | {
"a_id": [
"clfsc9t",
"clfsjjm",
"clfspz8"
],
"score": [
2,
14,
5
],
"text": [
"Think about it this way; you get your newspaper every morning, you sit down, and you read the headline story. Let's say it's a story about a car crash; you get an idea of what happened, who was involve... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
32hj6h | I was told that there is so much historical proof of jesus' ressurection that you can't claim it didn't happen, how true is this? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/32hj6h/i_was_told_that_there_is_so_much_historical_proof/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqbtgxs"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"**Commenters:** Please keep our commenting rules in mind as you respond to this. We've already had to remove a lot of comments that weren't up to the standards of the subreddit.\n\n**OP:** We actually have this question asked from time to time, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/rubhc/so_what_do_we_actually_know_about_the_life/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/259vcd/how_much_evidence_is_there_for_a_historical_jesus/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1sbq67/we_are_scholarsexperts_on_ancient_judai... | ||
2juf49 | Can we create artificial atmospheres? | With breathable air, weather, possibility of life, just like earth, on another planet? Like mars, or the moon.
What would we need to achieve this? Are we researching this area?
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2juf49/can_we_create_artificial_atmospheres/ | {
"a_id": [
"clf7ctb",
"clfhjkt"
],
"score": [
25,
3
],
"text": [
"It's hard, because planets are big. \n\nThink about what an atmosphere is. It's an razor thin envelope of gas that wraps around the surface of a rocky planet. There's no way to *fake* that. You don't want an *artificial* at... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2juf49/can_we_create_artificial_atmospheres/clf8wxu"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2"
]
] | |
71tztk | why do space craft enter the atmosphere at full velocity, requiring heat shields and risking burning up? | It seems like reverse thrusters could be used, at the expense of additional fuel, to control the entry of a space craft back into the atmosphere. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/71tztk/eli5_why_do_space_craft_enter_the_atmosphere_at/ | {
"a_id": [
"dndfujv",
"dndfuzk",
"dndhj33",
"dndhs34",
"dndi4mc",
"dndm9am"
],
"score": [
3,
8,
4,
2,
7,
7
],
"text": [
"Extra fuel is extra weight. Extra weight requires more fuel to lift it and slow it down. More economical to use the atmosphere as a brak... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation"
]
] | |
6dksc3 | the earth is about 4.5 billion years old, but at what physical point do scientists classify a planet's age as 0? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6dksc3/eli5_the_earth_is_about_45_billion_years_old_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"di3f5v1"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"When it started to be a planet.\n\nTo be a planet, it needs to fit three criteria:\n\nA planet is an object in orbit around the Sun with a diameter greater than 2000 km.\n\nA planet is an object in orbit around the Sun whose shape is stable due ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
hm5n2 | How much body heat do you lose in your legs compared to your arms? And in your hands and feet? | In particular, how much more body heat would you lose if you wore a t-shirt compared a long-sleeved shirt? And how much would you lose if you wore shorts compared to pants? And regular-length shorts compared to short shorts? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hm5n2/how_much_body_heat_do_you_lose_in_your_legs/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1whgp8"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"heat loss is fairly uniform throughout the body."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1c1m2n | Theoretically could you implant cones into your eyes that would allow you to see colors you could previously not see? | would be cool to see colors we currently aren't aware of. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1c1m2n/theoretically_could_you_implant_cones_into_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9c6qi7"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Perhaps. Experiments have been done where new visual pigment proteins have been introduced into red-green colorblind monkeys, and afterwards the monkeys could distinguish colors that they were not able to previously. However, these experiments di... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.neitzvision.com/content/genetherapy.html#humans",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782927/"
]
] | |
34gqic | Was Russia/Stalin truly hoping to share the Europe with Germany/Hitler or was Stalin playing a waiting game? | Ive read some history accounts that paint Stalin as being totally shocked and emotionally crushed that his "friend" Hitler decided to back stab him. Ive read that he locked himself in the room and would not talk to folks for 3 days.
Was he really that shocked? Wasn't he planning the same move against Hitler or did h... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/34gqic/was_russiastalin_truly_hoping_to_share_the_europe/ | {
"a_id": [
"cquojaj",
"cquqwml"
],
"score": [
310,
53
],
"text": [
"First of all let me say that Stalin didn't leave a diary so we can't exactly say what his emotions or personal thoughts were with confidence. That said, he was probably neither of those things. \n\nThe idea that he locked... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] |
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