q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2dopz2 | how do one-time pads work? | For those unaware, it's a form of encryption that's supposed to be unbreakable. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dopz2/eli5_how_do_onetime_pads_work/ | {
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"Two people get together and exchange some random data. Say we got together and \ngenerated some random numbers, like 16 3 23 8 8 21 0 2, which is the pad.\n\nI want to send \"aardvark\", so I advance all the letters by those... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://youtube.com/watch?v=FlIG3TvQCBQ"
]
] | |
1udthx | How many animals are required to re-establish a viable population? | I was watching an episode of Wild China, and they mentioned a species of wild animals going extinct. But then they discovered 40 of the animal in captivity later. This caused me to wonder how many animals do you need to have a genetically diverse enough base for the population to survive?
obviously 2 wouldn't be enough... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1udthx/how_many_animals_are_required_to_reestablish_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cehd2r5"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The answer to this will vary depending on the population, but a general rule of thumb in conservation biology is called the 50/500 rule.\n\n50 members are needed in a population to prevent significant fitness loss due to inbreeding. However, this... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154633/"
]
] | |
7i53qs | how does sunlight remove stains from clothes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7i53qs/eli5_how_does_sunlight_remove_stains_from_clothes/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqw6g9o"
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"text": [
"It doesn't. Sunlight has the ability to bleach things by breaking down their chemical properties via radiation. This is why many plastics will yellow if left outside. But it does not have the ability to actually remove stains from clothing. Some ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8cqtb7 | Why have coups become so much less common in South America? | Is this simply due to the end of the Cold War, or are there other factors?
(For example, in Africa coups have reduced partly because there has been a concerted diplomatic effort for African states to agree not to recognise governments which come to power by coups, regardless of what they may have thought of the previou... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8cqtb7/why_have_coups_become_so_much_less_common_in/ | {
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"dxpavyc"
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"text": [
"This is both a difficult and simple question to answer. \nIn short, democracies. As a general pattern, as states become democratic, their risk of suffering a military coup decreases.\n\n[As a note, I am taking much of this answer from a broader (... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002703258197",
"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X14544518",
"https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2016.1142533"
]
] | |
7sdd7a | Was the U.S. Civil War considered to be major world news at the time? How likely would it have been for an average European citizen to be aware of what was happening in the U.S.? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7sdd7a/was_the_us_civil_war_considered_to_be_major_world/ | {
"a_id": [
"dt3wdna",
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"score": [
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39
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"text": [
"Heya! You might be interested in some of the threads in our [American Civil War, European Perspectives](_URL_0_) FAQ Section, especially:\n\n* [What was the opinion of the people and workers of Northern England towards the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/civilwar#wiki_european_perspectives",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/14js5p/what_was_the_opinion_of_the_people_and_workers_of/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/39ls7k/how_did_european_nations_react_to_the_american/cs4pwc3... | ||
4fsxbw | How did Greece annexed Aegean Islands if Turks gave it to the Italians only to be returned after the Balkan War? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4fsxbw/how_did_greece_annexed_aegean_islands_if_turks/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2brfhj"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Italy seized the Dodecanese, including the larger island of Rhodes, during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-12. The Treaty of Ouchy, which ended that war, called for Italy to return the islands, but was vague enough that Italy held onto the islands.... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
aoq5hy | why does your house get colder when it's cold outside? is it problem insulation or air flow? | Like do your walls get colder or is the problem that your house has to circulate and probably isn't airtight so cold air gets in? It's weird to think the structure around you is colder. If your walls were really thick or made of special material, could it stay warm in your house? Like your walls acted like a thermal... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aoq5hy/eli5_why_does_your_house_get_colder_when_its_cold/ | {
"a_id": [
"eg2ratf",
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"score": [
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6,
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"text": [
"Both of those are the major reasons. If you build a truly air-tight house *and* have great insulation on the walls, doors, and windows, you can spend extremely little on heating and still keep it warm."... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
7w23a5 | Best way to become acquainted with all major trends in modern historiography | I'm looking for textbooks that I could read that give a comprehensive overview of all the major trends in modern historiography. The Modern Historiography Reader seems exactly what I'm looking for, but there's no way for me to access it from where I am. Does anyone know other similar options? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7w23a5/best_way_to_become_acquainted_with_all_major/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtx0kgl"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"All major trends?\n\nI would systematically read all the book reviews in a top history journal, say, the *American Historical Review*. A good review will comment on the book's place in the stream of historiography on its topic, and hopefully at i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
60a3ox | Could a natural nuclear fission detonation ever occur? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/60a3ox/could_a_natural_nuclear_fission_detonation_ever/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mup5t/what_would_the_oklo_natural_nuclear_reactor_in/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rcprg/could_the_natural_nuclear_fission_reactor_in/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/asks... | ||
5mxiex | why do airplains not have enough parashoots for everyone in case of total failure and crash to avoid loss of life? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5mxiex/eli5_why_do_airplains_not_have_enough_parashoots/ | {
"a_id": [
"dc71vrq"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"This is a repost of a question asked earlier today, but summarizing.\n\n\nMost incidents involving fatalities are close to takeoff or landing, in which case parachutes would be useless. \n\nAccidents involving high altitudes would involve jumpin... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1lnubj | What is the oldest example of someone saying "These darn kids are screwing everything up." | In world history (so, thousands of years ago), or in American history (say, colonial times), do we have any examples of our ancestors complaining about their kids generation? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1lnubj/what_is_the_oldest_example_of_someone_saying/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Just a warning; there are a lot of quotes complaining about youth that are commonly misattributed to Greek philosophers floating around out there, so, make sure to only accept answers with specific te... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catilinarian_conspiracy",
"http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/juvenal_satires_06.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatius_Cocles",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novus_homo",
"http://essays.quotidiana.org/seneca/scipios_villa/"
]
] | |
53n8cq | how can companies sue people for bad reviews as "liable and slander"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/53n8cq/eli5_how_can_companies_sue_people_for_bad_reviews/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7uin5v"
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],
"text": [
"They probably can't... but they might be able too.\n\nThere is a fairly nuanced (detailed) view of what is and is not slander. A product review is something that should probably be immune... but given what I've seen on the internet it may not be... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
axj03z | how does a v configuration of an engine make it better than a normal engine? | How is a V8 better than a normal engine with the same amount of cylinders? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/axj03z/eli5_how_does_a_v_configuration_of_an_engine_make/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
6,
3,
3
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"text": [
"It's mainly about saving space. 8 in a line is long and thin. Two rows of 4 is only about as long as a 4 cylinder engine but twice as wide. ",
"It is shorter. What you call a normal engine is most l... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
anrglf | what is particle physics? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/anrglf/eli5_what_is_particle_physics/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Particle physics is the branch of physics that investigates the smallest components of matter and energy.\n\nEvery piece of matter in the universe is made up of atoms. Inside those atoms are electrons, protons and neutrons. ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
qz2dl | Does drinking carbonation affect your oxygen intake? | I have read and been told many different things on this subject. Some say that the carbon dioxide will attach to your blood, thus allowing less oxygen to get to where it needs to go. Others say the negative effects of drinking carbonation come from the soda that goes along with it. Another question I have would then be... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qz2dl/does_drinking_carbonation_affect_your_oxygen/ | {
"a_id": [
"c41ml0e"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Short answer:\nCarbonated drinks have no significant effect upon your blood oxygen levels. The level of sodium in these drinks is not enough to be a significant health concern compared to other dietary sources of sodium (salty foods). \n\nLong an... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_water#Etymology"
]
] | |
9m1m8t | why do thermostats have a heat and cool setting? shouldn’t 70 degrees on heat feel the same as 70 on cool? 70 degrees is 70 degrees. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9m1m8t/eli5_why_do_thermostats_have_a_heat_and_cool/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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4
],
"text": [
"One is where the heater should turn on. One is where the AC cooling should turn on. There should be a several degree space between them, the zone of comfortable temperatures.",
"In winter you don't want the AC kicking on... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1cg8ie | How would a state undo extreme currency hyperinflation? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1cg8ie/how_would_a_state_undo_extreme_currency/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9g6q25",
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"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nIn Zimbabwe, they simply abandoned their dollar altogether. ",
"As an economics question, this may not be the right forum for asking this.\n\nRegardless, the reasons... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703730804576314953091790360.html"
],
[],
[
"http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/423/the-invention-of-money"
],
[]
] | ||
cyi1h8 | how does wind get such speed as 300kph? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cyi1h8/eli5_how_does_wind_get_such_speed_as_300kph/ | {
"a_id": [
"eys3ysa"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It always comes down to density, really. All (or almost all) wind comes from less dense air going up and more dense air going down. The bigger the difference in density, more air is moving, or the longer the distance that dense air falls/light ai... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2golgq | Do accreting binary stars have a habitable zone? | This came to me over my coffee this morning. I'm imagining a supernova progenitor: a white dwarf accreting mass from a red giant companion, but it could be a neutron star with a main sequence or giant companion.
I don't know much about exoplanets, so I've got to ask: could a planet exist far enough from the binary to ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2golgq/do_accreting_binary_stars_have_a_habitable_zone/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
6,
69,
3
],
"text": [
"I know it's not what you are asking but semi related.\n\n I once went on a fevered Internet search on what would happen if Jupiter were to become a star. I heard somewhere that it would just need a bit... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/06/q-how-close-is-jupiter-to-being-a-star-what-would-happen-to-us-if-it-were/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2devyt | why do companies care about their employee diversity? | Just read an article on Apple's disappointment in their diversity and wondered.
Is there an actual business/money making reason for this or is this more about social justice or something?
| explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2devyt/eli5_why_do_companies_care_about_their_employee/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Different kinds of people have different ideas and different ways of thinking. If your business often has problems to solve (and most do) it can be useful to have many different perspectives and gender and racial diversity c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
46ihu6 | is there any unclaimed land in the united states? | I can't imagine that every single square foot of land is claimed by an entity. Does the state own the land that no one owns? How does one go about getting this land? Like, think of the land in the middle of a desolate forest; who owns that? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46ihu6/eli5_is_there_any_unclaimed_land_in_the_united/ | {
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10,
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2
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"text": [
"A vast amount of land is owned by the federal government, including most of the land in the middle of desolate forests.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nSo yeah, all the land ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/fedlands3.pdf"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.freelandks.com"
],
[]
] | |
189loj | How does headache evolve? | I've been wondering where does headache come from? What is it's biological mechanism? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/189loj/how_does_headache_evolve/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8cusqy"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"[Here's a list of common headache etiologies, courtesy of Harrison's. ](_URL_0_) \n\nMore info from Harrison's:\n\n > Pain usually occurs when peripheral nociceptors are stimulated in response to tissue injury, visceral distension, or other facto... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://i.imgur.com/0lJ3g.png",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=headache&restrict_sr=on"
]
] | |
56o0w7 | supposedly paper made a few centuries ago had better quality than paper nowadays, is this true, and why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/56o0w7/eli5supposedly_paper_made_a_few_centuries_ago_had/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
2,
6
],
"text": [
"Yes it is true. The reason is because we *chose* to make lower quality paper these days, because it is cheaper.\n\nWe could make paper better than they did centuries ago, there is just not really a need for us to do it. ",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7ols6e | Has science now come to the certainty of 100% that an asteroid or meteor colliding with Earth was the cause of the dinosaur extinction? | [deleted] | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7ols6e/has_science_now_come_to_the_certainty_of_100_that/ | {
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"score": [
391,
40,
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32,
12,
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"text": [
"It's a little more complicated than that. All dinosaur species d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/November-2012/Volcanism-impacts-and-mass-extinctions-2"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.google.co.uk/amp/s/www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/science-environment-41825471",
"www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36377679"
],
[
"https://www.academia... | |
3s6fbc | How does light actually interact with molecules? | I am an undergrad who works doing molecular spectroscopy. I understand how it works on a chemical level, but I'm curious as to what kind of interaction a photon actually has on a molecule. For example, a molecule can absorb an IR photon to make a vibrational transition, but how does the molecule actually absorb it? Wha... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3s6fbc/how_does_light_actually_interact_with_molecules/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwums51",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"It's a bit hard to answer without knowing what exactly you mean by \"on a chemical level\", but let me try.\n\nFrom a physics standpoint, a molecule is a bunch of positive point-like charges (the atomic nuclei) and a number ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3nnt12 | Will/has the flag on the moon get/gotten bleached white from UV exposure? | I don't know if this is a stupid question, but I'm kinda curious. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3nnt12/willhas_the_flag_on_the_moon_getgotten_bleached/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvpu1in"
],
"score": [
3
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"text": [
"Yes, the flags that were put on the moon are now white. \n\n[Source](_URL_0_)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.spaceindustrynews.com/the-american-flags-we-left-on-the-moon-have-all-turned-white/"
]
] | |
2t5hks | Does the spin of the earth have any significant effect on the time it takes to complete a trans-pacific flight vs a trans-atlantic flight? | The Earth spins west towards the east. This [GIF](_URL_0_) helps visualize it.
Assume that its the same model of plane, travelling at the same altitude and speed, with the same mass, same weather conditions, same distance
Its ~7500 km from Toronto to Moscow, and Vancouver to Tokyo (google).
Would the rotation of the... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2t5hks/does_the_spin_of_the_earth_have_any_significant/ | {
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"text": [
"Nope, the plane is in the rotating reference frame.\nBut, it actually does because the coriolis force contributes to atmospheric wind... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation#mediaviewer/File:Globespin.gif"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafele%E2%80%93Keating_experiment"
]
] | |
18hiem | What color were earth's sky and oceans prior to the Great Oxygenation Event? | (bear with me here, this is kind of long)
I am an artist, specializing in Eastern Orthodox style iconography--and a friend who is a biologist (and spiritual) and likes my art has asked me to do a painting for her. Sinces he's into micro-biology, I decided to do a "God-of-the-Gaps" thing and depict Christ laying out t... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/18hiem/what_color_were_earths_sky_and_oceans_prior_to/ | {
"a_id": [
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"c8ktcyu"
],
"score": [
6,
72,
5,
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31,
10,
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"text": [
"Saw this - apparently it might have been like Titan's: [Earth's early atmosphere](_URL_0_... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.universetoday.com/908/the-early-earths-atmosphere-was-similar-to-titan/"
],
[
"https://blogs.stsci.edu/livio/2012/07/10/out-of-the-clear-blue-sky/"
],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/5Csu863.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VNt0mwStZI"
],
[
"http://en.wi... | |
1nlbon | Since Hawking Radiation increases as the mass of a black hole decreases, can't micro black holes be used as perfect mass-to-energy converters? | Assume that a micro black-hole is somehow created by humanity and placed in orbit around one of the Earth-Sun Lagrangian points, and that we construct a Dyson-sphere-esque energy harvesting sphere around it.
We know that black holes emit Hawking radiation, which as far as I understand is infrared radiation or heat. Th... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1nlbon/since_hawking_radiation_increases_as_the_mass_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccjw9z2",
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"score": [
5,
3
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"text": [
"Interesting thoughts. However, have you considered what the size of your black hole would have to be? For a black hole of that mass you'll have a schwarzchild radius of roughly 10^-19 m.\n\nThat is you'd have to pack 600 000... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
250moj | Why are the Yugoslav partisans considered the most effective resistance movement in WW2? | I've been doing casual reading on the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and I read about Josip Broz Tito led the resistance movement and how effective they were. Why was this?
What other resistance movements in World War 2 are underrepresented in media? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/250moj/why_are_the_yugoslav_partisans_considered_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Do you ask why were they so effective or why are they \"considered the most effective\" the latter part being somewhat subjective? \n\nWell their importance and effectiveness is probably due to the size and nature of the resistance movement. It w... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
610nkv | Why were noblewomen inclined to become nuns? | Looking through Wikipedia's masses of articles on 2nd millennium noblewomen, a significant minority became nuns. Why was this? IIRC, the main reason for marrying off noble daughters was alliances, so the obvious explanation is that their families ran out of good options. However, I doubt this is the case as surely wom... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/610nkv/why_were_noblewomen_inclined_to_become_nuns/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There were a number of reasons for women becoming nuns, either as young women or later in life (or, as in the case you mentioned of Marie Countess of Boulogne, both). \n\n*Later life*\nSome women felt a genuine calling. Maud de Ufford, the widow... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
45cv3a | what is the difference between a suit and a tuxedo? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/45cv3a/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_a_suit_and_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"To quote [this site](_URL_0_):\n\n > The primary physical difference between a tuxedo and a suit is the presence of satin. Traditionally tuxedos have satin facing on the lapels, buttons, pocket trim, a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.mytuxedocatalog.com/blog/tuxedo-questions-and-answers-what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuxedo-and-a-suit/"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
2halto | if a child was raised in a home where a different accent was spoken around it everyday (7 different accents, same days every week), when it was at the age of holding a conversation what accent would it have? | Hypothetical situation but I've been trying to figure it out. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2halto/eli5_if_a_child_was_raised_in_a_home_where_a/ | {
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"text": [
"They would say some words in one accent and then other words in other accents. If the person who spoke in an Irish accent mostly talked about food with them, then food vocabulary would be spoken in an I... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
6kql46 | - how do counterfeit pens work? | Further, why do they mark skin as genuine? Like, I mark on my hand and the ink color signifies genuine "money" rather than counterfeit. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6kql46/eli5_how_do_counterfeit_pens_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"djo136c"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"currency paper is a mixture of cotton and linen with no cellulose. The iodine in the pen reacts with the starch (cellulose) in lower quality counterfeit bills paper causing a dark stain to form. Genuine bills fail to react and the iodine evapora... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
owp66 | Does evolution possess the ability to create a life-form that doesn't die due to aging ? | Forgot to add that i meant an intelligent complex life-from. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/owp66/does_evolution_possess_the_ability_to_create_a/ | {
"a_id": [
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"c3knl02",
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"score": [
15,
2,
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],
"text": [
"Meet the [\"immortal jellyfish\"](_URL_0_).\n",
"The issue is that unless the lifeform remains reproductively viable throughout the extent of its lifespan. Otherwise, selecti... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/01/090130-immortal-jellyfish-swarm.html"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa"
],
[
"http://www.pnas.org/content/90/1/118.full.pdf"
]
] | |
2tvhuh | how do/can/why do smaller carriers (metro pcs, cricket etc.) offer unlimited 4g data for $50 while at & t/sprint charge upwards of $100? | Further more, why do the bigger companies have more customers than the smaller companies with rates like that? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2tvhuh/eli5_how_docanwhy_do_smaller_carriers_metro_pcs/ | {
"a_id": [
"co2o3tn"
],
"score": [
3
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"text": [
"Bigger companies have better network coverage."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2mpo37 | why is affirmative action rase-based on not class-based for colleges? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2mpo37/eli5_why_is_affirmative_action_rasebased_on_not/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm6fw6x",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Student Aid is made available on the basis of income level.",
"A rich black man is *still* not equal to a white man of the same income due to subconscious and not not-so-subconscious racism throughout his life. For examp... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.nber.org/digest/sep03/w9873.html"
]
] | ||
5lpzsd | What writing materials tend to be best and worst preserved over time? | I know from experience that the cheap, acidic paper that was used from the mid-19th to mid-20th century ages quite poorly. I would assume that engraved marble would be very durable, with (baked) clay tablets perhaps second. (I welcome correction on any of this.)
What about other materials? Papyrus? Birch bark, like th... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5lpzsd/what_writing_materials_tend_to_be_best_and_worst/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbxyw2k"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It depends less on the material and more on the conditions that preserve them. Inorganic matter, like stone and clay, are not prone to rot or mould, and even erosion from the elements takes time.\n\nOrganic matter can be observed in a variety of ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
cg771k | how does the body know what to take in and put out? | For example, how does the body know that it should absorb Vitamin A from carrots, and how does it know what things should be gotten rid of? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cg771k/eli5_how_does_the_body_know_what_to_take_in_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"euf33ej",
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"score": [
6,
5
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"text": [
"It isn't a question of \"knowing\", the body simply does what the chemistry dictates. Think about a set of interlocking gears, how do they \"know\" to turn in sync? They don't of course, they don't have any way to do otherwi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
adu5lq | After discovering the "New World", did anyone predict (wrongly) there was a 2nd massive continent between the Americas and Asia? | I'm wondering if there was some kind of an exploration fever that led some to believe that there could be another "undiscovered" land mass in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Especially considering Earth was known to be round and the circumference estimated to a reasonable level of certainty..."there's a lot of room fo... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/adu5lq/after_discovering_the_new_world_did_anyone/ | {
"a_id": [
"edlogta"
],
"score": [
26
],
"text": [
"There certainly was a strong belief in a large undiscovered land mass in the unexplored portion of the globe around this time, but it was thought to lie further to the south.\n\nI covered the basics of what was believed about this mysterious con... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9xkvpg | Can someone help me find the spectra of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets? | Hello,
I am looking for the data for the [TRAPPIST-1 system spectra](_URL_0_) for the exoplanets.[ I have seen many plots of this data](_URL_1_), but cannot find the raw numbers, which I need for a college project. If anyone could help my find the numerical values for these spectra, it would be most appreciated.
EDIT... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9xkvpg/can_someone_help_me_find_the_spectra_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"e9ufzfs"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"The data you are looking for is from Hubble. Hubble data can be found [here](_URL_0_) and [here](_URL_2_). You can always find information about astronomical objects in the big databases, like [Simbad](_URL_1_). \n\nAlso, you can always ask autho... | [] | [
"https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic1802e.jpg",
"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328685522_Evolved_Climates_and_Observational_Discriminants_for_the_TRAPPIST-1_Planetary_System?pf6"
] | [
[
"https://hla.stsci.edu/hlaview.html#Inventory|filterText%3D%24filterTypes%3D|query_string=Trappist-1&posfilename=&poslocalname=&posfilecount=&listdelimiter=whitespace&listformat=degrees&RA=346.622368&Dec=-5.041398&Radius=0.200000&inst-control=all&inst=ACS&inst=ACSGr... | |
5hd2wf | why is it that when you uninstall something on your computer, there are still folders related to what you uninstalled left behind with nothing in them ? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5hd2wf/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_you_uninstall_something/ | {
"a_id": [
"daz978p"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"On Windows, you can't immediately delete a file that is being accessed by some application or service. Consequently, you can't remove the directory that contains this file, even if you don't need it anymore.\n\nNow, you can tell Windows to delay... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1yn1pm | Do proteins start to fold as they are being built by the ribosome? | Is the protein folding much slower than the actual "linking" up of the amino acids? If so, will the protein will fold into the same shape whether it was build up slowly or not? If so, does this mean that a particular chain of amino acids, in some environment has a single(or a small number?) of stable, "folded" states t... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1yn1pm/do_proteins_start_to_fold_as_they_are_being_built/ | {
"a_id": [
"cflzpw3",
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"score": [
3,
9
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"text": [
"It's a little more complicated than that because there are 'chaperone' proteins that interact with the nascent protein to aid correct folding. There are two main types, one which acts as a caged environment for the protein a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1kmrab | how do they simulate the smoking of crystal meth in shows such as "breaking bad"? | I Started Watching Breaking Bad Recently and there are many scenes in which someone smokes meth. I know for films they have developed a form of marijuana that contains no THC for use by actors, so what's the story for meth? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kmrab/eli5how_do_they_simulate_the_smoking_of_crystal/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbqi2yn",
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"score": [
6,
5,
2
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"text": [
"Its just rock candy that they dont inhale. ",
"You can't have people smoking meth on TV sets, for many reasons that shouldn't need explaining. However, there are plenty of ways to make it look like... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
8zvxag | from where do you measure height of moutains and depth of seas? | Is there a point somewhere on Earth, which is considered ground level? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8zvxag/eli5_from_where_do_you_measure_height_of_moutains/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Mean sea level is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.\n- Wikipedia",
"Sea level is used for ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius#/media/File:Lowresgeoidheight.jpg"
],
[
"http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf"
]
] | |
58b7lj | how do babies know to drink/eat | I understand that in the womb, babies receive all their nutrients through the umbilical cord. But how do they understand to eat with their mouths? Are they born understanding that suckling on a nipple will nourish them?
Why do I even want to know this. Was this covered in biology class and I missed it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/58b7lj/eli5_how_do_babies_know_to_drinkeat/ | {
"a_id": [
"d8yxjq6",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They are not cognizant of the fact that a nipple will nourish them, it is just an involuntary response. When a nipple-like object is brushed against their lips they'll open up and attempt to latch on af... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
zhvxg | Vegetarians claim that it takes 1300 gallons of water to produce a piece of meat that is put in just one hamburger. Can anybody explain? | That's right. 1300 gallons. And that is why eating meat will lead us to water shortage in the year 2050. We should all go veg.
What I cannot understand is how are these topics related. I mean cows drink (a lot of) water, but doesn't it circulate in the environment (being a renewable resource)? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zhvxg/vegetarians_claim_that_it_takes_1300_gallons_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
8,
3,
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"text": [
"If you [enter \"1300 gallons\" into Google](_URL_1_), the fourth result is [a Wall Street Journal article](_URL_0_) that explains exactly what it means.",
"The water isn't lost and it is renewable, ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120001666638282817.html",
"http://www.google.com/search?q=1300+gallons&pws=0"
],
[],
[
"http://www.geotimes.org/july01/sinking_titanic_city.html"
]
] | |
61c8kd | how did ronda rousey go from a role model to a national joke just by losing one fight? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61c8kd/eli5_how_did_ronda_rousey_go_from_a_role_model_to/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It happens with everyone like that. They are viewed as unbeatable and an idol, until they... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://streamable.com/os24",
"http://dirtyboxing.tumblr.com/post/155196889101/enjoy-the-fight-with-the-audio-of-ronda-rouseys"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
a2vsf0 | How do we know what makes up the center of the world? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a2vsf0/how_do_we_know_what_makes_up_the_center_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"eb2qf1g"
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"score": [
4
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"text": [
"The primary way that the different layers of the earth were discovered was through seismology. An earthquake creates a wave that begins near the Earth's surface and propagates outwards in all directions, all the way across the planet if it's stro... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3tc4v1 | How do our brains mark "the place where X happened" on our interior maps? Do positive and negative experiences store differently, or is it the strength of the emotion that counts most? | If I "look" at my personal interior map, there are little Google markers where events occurred.
I can "see" the map from "above" and see all markers, or I can choose specific categories -- for example, wildlife sightings.
"Here's where the baby moose came out of the bushes, here's where the black bear crossed the r... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3tc4v1/how_do_our_brains_mark_the_place_where_x_happened/ | {
"a_id": [
"cx5d1zh"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"While not a complete answer, here are a couple of points that may help:\n\n\n- The hippocampus location stamps memories. That is, it stores spatial information (like where you are in the spatial map) along with other relevant information. \n\n\n-... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3gimpv | why is the iran deal good? how do we know that iran isn't tricking us and iran will blow up the whole world with their atomic weapons? | This really worries me and it is giving me anxiety because it's such a terrifying thought. What if we made a bad deal with them and we will end up dead because of it? Maybe Obama has his head in the sand and we are in denial of what Iran's intentions really are? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3gimpv/eli5_why_is_the_iran_deal_good_how_do_we_know/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctyguvt"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The whole point of the deal is that yesterday we couldn't watch them and they very well *could* have just tricked us and made nukes, but tomorrow we can watch them.\n\nIt's not like the deal is to smile and say \"Okay Iran we'll stop paying atten... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
md8m4 | How much continent-wide dispersal of information was there among pre-contact native americans? | I thought it was really cool when I read that Lewis and Clark heard from the Mandans (who were east of the Rockies) that over the mountains to the west was a great river (the Columbia) that went down to a sea. (I seem to recall that they knew the water was salty too.) That's a thousand miles of geography beyond their n... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/md8m4/how_much_continentwide_dispersal_of_information/ | {
"a_id": [
"c30w3u6",
"c30w3u6"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Bummer that you got no answer, this is a really interesting question.\n\nIf you wanted to make it a research project, then the accounts of travelers like Lewis and Clark might be a good place to start. You'd have to comb thr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2u5lqh | Did Latin Romans ever think that they were the superior race? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2u5lqh/did_latin_romans_ever_think_that_they_were_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"co5cqwr"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Sort of, but not in the same way that modern white supremacists think of 'superior race.'\n\nRomans, like Greeks, divided the world into civilized peoples and barbarians. Civilization was related to one's birth into a kin-group (the Roman words ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6u3fnk | Was the confederacy and its soldiers viewed as a separate country during the Civil War, or were they still viewed as United States citizens by the government? Did the citizens of the North view them differently? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6u3fnk/was_the_confederacy_and_its_soldiers_viewed_as_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlqpu7b"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They were not, as doing so would have legitimized their claim. /u/khosikulu gives a good post on why no outside government recognized the CSA [here](_URL_1_).\n\n > In effect, any nation recognizing the Confederacy as a separate nation would be... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://youtu.be/i6kjxw_MJYE?t=1m25s",
"https://np.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1v1sy8/why_didnt_foreign_countries_recognize_the"
]
] | ||
1d3a9h | What were German strategies like in the Eastern Front during Operation Barbarossa? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1d3a9h/what_were_german_strategies_like_in_the_eastern/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9mhdy5",
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"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"I think it might help to generate better answers if you left a comment with specific questions. I think you are asking what the plans were at a lower level than \"invade Russia\". \n\nI know there was an Army Group North tha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
4gnvwc | why, as you get older do muscles get "wear & tear" whereas you can workout at the gym and get "wear & repair" | What is the difference in this because at the gym you are tearing your muscles so that they will rebuild and grow bigger?
Whereas, as you age I always hear people's muscles deteriorate through "wear & tear"? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gnvwc/eli5_why_as_you_get_older_do_muscles_get_wear/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2j8biq",
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"score": [
13,
92
],
"text": [
"I think it's just due to aging. As you get older, you become less active, and more sedentary. The majority of people who go to the gym are young, anywhere from 15-30, and of course, there will be some older people there to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1rx02h | Why are cables connecting towers in a suspension bridge in the form of a parabola? Is this better from a structural standpoint or is it purely aesthetic? | Like the bridge shown [here](_URL_0_). Not the vertical cables, but the black ones connecting the towers. Would a flat, horizontal beam or a more taut cable be just as good, or would it not be as reliable as a horizontal cable with some slack? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rx02h/why_are_cables_connecting_towers_in_a_suspension/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdrrjfm",
"cdrygcc"
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"score": [
28,
9
],
"text": [
"I very much doubt that this is actually a parabola. I suspect it is a [catenary](_URL_0_), otherwise known as a hyperbolic cosine. It turns out that a chain being hung by its endpoints naturally assumes a hyperbolic cosine ... | [] | [
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Suspension_bridge_pattern_german1.svg/800px-Suspension_bridge_pattern_german1.svg.png"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary#Suspension_bridge_curve"
],
[]
] | |
145ktz | Why are bubbles white? | I have been wondering this for a very long time.
My soap ain't white. My water ain't white - but the bubbles are perfectly white. When i shower or do the dishes, there is always this puff of perfectly white soapy bubbles.
I don't know if this is a stupid question, but i simply can't figure it out! | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/145ktz/why_are_bubbles_white/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7a27o4"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Light gets refracted every time it passes through the surface of a bubble. When there is just one large bubble, it just gets refracted on the way in and the way out, but it is still coherent enough to form an image (though usually warped).\n\nWh... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
y0td4 | How do Olympiads keep breaking world records? Won't there come a point where they can be broken no longer? | I understand that technology has improved training immensively, swimsuits, nutrition, and training regimes, but eventually the human potential physically has to be reached, doesn't it? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/y0td4/how_do_olympiads_keep_breaking_world_records_wont/ | {
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"score": [
209,
8,
88,
23,
79,
23,
2,
5,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.economist.com/node/21559903"
],
[
"http://www.wimp.com/olympicsprinters/"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.livescience.com/21928-london-olympic-swimming-pool-tech.html"
],
[
"www.jssm.org/vol9/n2/8/v9n2-8text.php"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.sportssci... | |
9q418n | how does pulling up the knob on a bathtub faucet make the water come out the shower head? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9q418n/eli5_how_does_pulling_up_the_knob_on_a_bathtub/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"When you lift the lever ..inside the faucet is a flap. The flap.closes making the water move up the pipe. If you have a small stream and put your hand in front of it..the water goes where there isn't a hand . Same thought"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
qg7lx | In a zero G environment, would a rotating ring actually create artificial gravity? | in a recent post about a multi generational ship i posted these two images ([here](_URL_1_) and [here](_URL_2_))as examples of how to solve the need for simulated gravity, and even though ive always believed these to be plausible solutions but ive begun to second guess my ideas.
to start off i show this [diagram](_UR... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qg7lx/in_a_zero_g_environment_would_a_rotating_ring/ | {
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"text": [
"Centrifugal gravity doesn't work quite like real gravity. Depending on which way you run around the ring, you feel heavier or lighter. If you jump straight 'up' you won't land qu... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/xpPhX.jpg",
"http://www.daviddarling.info/images/Space_Station_V.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/z28zN.png"
],
[]
] | |
26w2gx | Putting it in simple terms, how is this experiment demonstrating the "quantum teleportation of information"? | Experiment here: _URL_0_
I am an amateur very interested in physics and quantum mechanics, however for as much as i read the experiment I cannot see what get demonstrated with it. Hence I'm asking for the help of more knowledgeable people. Thanks! | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/26w2gx/putting_it_in_simple_terms_how_is_this_experiment/ | {
"a_id": [
"chv4l3s"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"First of all, quantum teleportation demonstrates that quantum information physicists are really good at naming things in a way that gets the public interested :). \n\nLet me try to explain the textbook quantum teleportation technique (the actual... | [] | [
"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/02/02/science/Teleportation.html?_r=0"
] | [
[]
] | |
x85ib | What would a human look like if it were conceived, gestated, and born in zero gravity? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/x85ib/what_would_a_human_look_like_if_it_were_conceived/ | {
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"c5k21j5",
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"text": [
"Disclaimer: the following has a large amount of conjecture since this has not been observed yet.\n\n[This paper suggests](_URL_3_):\n > Absence of gravitational loading during the last trimester of ges... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2219104/?page=3",
"http://www.springerlink.com/content/x04587m151506j27/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607544"
],
[
"http://lloydchiro.com/2009/04/physical-activity-gravity-helps-birth-proc... | ||
3cjei9 | how a cpu working at 3.00 ghz and 40nm could potentially be less powerful than a cpu working at 2.50 ghz but 22 nm. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3cjei9/eli5_how_a_cpu_working_at_300_ghz_and_40nm_could/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"Gigahertz isn't everything. How efficient the CPU is at using cores matters, number of cores/threads, etc. \n\nIntel CPUs (the 22nm one) have stronger single core performance than AMD equivalent CPUs. If the programs you com... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle"
]
] | ||
thngy | How reliable are the various stories listed in _URL_0_? If it is unreliable, how can I refute their claims? | I got forwarded this site through the inevitable family chainmail; but I feel that a lot of the stuff in here is psuedo-science at best...
I'd like your thoughts on the matter, as well as ways that I can help educate my family in a much better fashion
_URL_0_ | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/thngy/how_reliable_are_the_various_stories_listed_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4mqcgl",
"c4ms1yy",
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"score": [
5,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"It's all complete bullshit, but I suppose you already knew that... It's just some fraud deriving wholly unjustified conclusions from some pictures or models that vaguely look like aircraft or even drawi... | [
"world-mysteries.com"
] | [
"http://www.world-mysteries.com/sar_7.htm"
] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.badarchaeology.com/"
]
] | |
xsznl | What is the history of private property? When and where did the idea emerge, and how has it evolved through history? | I know this is a very broad question, but any info or any links to such info would be greatly appreciated.
Edit: I'm talking particularly of land ownership, and when and how it came to be such a major foundation of society. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/xsznl/what_is_the_history_of_private_property_when_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5pey2c",
"c5pfmjj",
"c5pfvd7"
],
"score": [
3,
7,
7
],
"text": [
"Are you defining the notion of personal property and how we see it in terms of modern law/society or can we use deduce it's accepted existence? \n\ni.e: the notion of semi-modern personal property exist... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiocrat"
],
[]
] | |
5zti68 | why do phones measure power as ma and mah, while laptops use watts and wh? | I've always found it a little confusing. I'd imagine this is because smartphones are way newer than laptops are, but then why didn't phones start using watts? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zti68/eli5_why_do_phones_measure_power_as_ma_and_mah/ | {
"a_id": [
"df0xrdc"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Phones use a single 3.7 volt cell so Watt-Hours can be calculated by multiplying AH times 3.7 volts. Laptops use various numbers of cells, so WH gives a better predictor of performance. \n\nAmp-Hours are used when comparing cells of the same volt... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
30w87q | do your internal organs have colour while still inside you? | Because, unless I'm mistaken, colour is the reflection of the left over light that didn't get absorbed (that's right, right?) and light has never been inside you. So technically wouldn't your insides not have colour until light hits them?
Thanks for the insight guys, neat stuff to ponder. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30w87q/eli5_do_your_internal_organs_have_colour_while/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpweawb",
"cpwefuu"
],
"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Whether or not light is present, they have properties that cause them to reflect certain wavelengths of light, so I think you could argue they still have a color. Neat question though. What is color? The reflected wavelen... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
7odn5x | If everything in a black hole is compressed into a singularity, does all the mass just turn into one massive atom? | Forgive my lack of knowledge of quantum physics or whatever field this covers but if all of the mass being sucked into a black hole is all mashed together is there a possibility that its basically just one massive element with like 10*10^100000000 protons? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7odn5x/if_everything_in_a_black_hole_is_compressed_into/ | {
"a_id": [
"ds97lka",
"ds9anjf",
"ds9lmqc"
],
"score": [
10,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"The singularity is not part of spacetime, so it doesn't make sense to say there is any mass there. So what happens to objects that cross the event horizon? We don't really know. The fact that GR predic... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_star",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%E2%80%93flavor_locking",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzball_(string_theory)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter",
"https://en.wikipedia.o... | |
5pu6v6 | why does the sound of people whispering to each other sound more irritable to our ears, than people talking to each other at a normal tone, while we are trying to concentrate on some work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5pu6v6/eli5_why_does_the_sound_of_people_whispering_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dctw5jf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Higher pitched sounds like whispers remain audible for longer distances.\n\nIf you're in a library and someone is whispering, you're more likely to have your brain's innate \"someone is talking, listen!\" sense repeatedly activated."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
17iwnu | How far would two objects have to be apart for gravity and expansion of space to cancel each other out? | The space between objects is expanding at an accelerated rate but gravity causes the objects to accelerate towards each other. Since gravity gets weaker as objects get farther and father apart, there should be a point where two object's(lets say 1kg spheres for simplicity) acceleration towards each other and the space ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17iwnu/how_far_would_two_objects_have_to_be_apart_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"c86it29"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"30cm or so.\n\nCalculation, using (kilograms, meters, seconds units): F = m*a = (G * m1 * m2)/r^2\n\nLocal acceleration of the universe's expansion, UE, is [7E-10 m/s^2](_URL_0_)\n\nWe can cancel all the m's because they equal 1.\n\nSo the equati... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_space#How_is_the_expansion_of_the_universe_measured_and_how_does_the_rate_of_expansion_change.3F"
]
] | |
1p4uxo | How would you address a Roman aristocrat? | One addresses a King as "your highness", or a gentleman as "Sir" or "madam". What will be the Latin equivalent? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1p4uxo/how_would_you_address_a_roman_aristocrat/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccywwq3",
"ccz4074"
],
"score": [
11,
6
],
"text": [
"The famous line *\"Ave, imperator, morituri te salutant\"* ([Suet. Claud. 21,6](_URL_0_)) is a perfect example for the typical combination of salutation (ave or salve) in combination with the highest title of the addressed.... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Claudius*.html#21",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Augustus*.html#53"
],
[
"http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/4DLink2/4DACTION/WebRequestQuery?searchTerm=166-177&searchType=number&s... | |
3qymxe | Is there a historical reason why swing states exist in U.S. politics? | It seems unusual that while many states tend to reliably lean one way or the other, there are a few whose populations vote unpredictably. Is there a historical reason for this? Have other swing states existed in the past? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3qymxe/is_there_a_historical_reason_why_swing_states/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwjmbfz"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Swings states often don't have unpredictable voting patterns, they are simply more evenly divided. As a basic model, think of three states. A is 45% Democratic voters, 35% Republican voters, 20% swing voters. B is 45% Republican, 35% Democratic, ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1fa7xz | Which denomination of Christianity was the first to actively preach anti-homosexuality or campaign against homosexuals? And when? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fa7xz/which_denomination_of_christianity_was_the_first/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca8du7x"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"You would find a very useful starting point in Mark Jordan's *The Invention of Sodomy in Christian Theology* (1998) where he traces the first explicit and fixated attention on \"sodomy\" as meaning same-sex relations to the 11th-century writings ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
c2dvu8 | what influences the color of snot? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c2dvu8/eli5_what_influences_the_color_of_snot/ | {
"a_id": [
"erjk8ra"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"As far as I know is the bacteria-dead cells and how intense the cold is or flu. The stronger the infection..the greener the snot and thicker."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3b23gu | the modern purpose of british royalty? | I understand that they bring a lot of tourism, do a lot of work as international ambassadors and some even do a lot of good work for charitable organisations. Yet they do not govern and still cost the tax-payer millions of dollars. It seems that in this age of Celebrity obsession, they could operate as a Family-based o... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3b23gu/eli5_the_modern_purpose_of_british_royalty/ | {
"a_id": [
"csi37ov",
"csi3c44",
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"score": [
8,
20,
7,
5
],
"text": [
"they bring in more money from tourism for us than we pay in tax. \n200 million from tourism\nwe give them 40 million.",
" > I understand that they bring a lot of tourism, do a... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
59c7ut | We often hear of "killing the messenger," but how dangerous was it, really, to be a messenger bearing bad news or unwelcome demands in Classical or Medieval Europe/Near East/North Africa? | Was there an unwritten (or written, for that matter) code protecting messengers? Was killing them frowned upon to the point that even absolute rulers or warlords would face some opprobrium? Or was this a job that nobody wanted because it was totally unsafe?
On that last point, a followup: who became messengers, and wh... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/59c7ut/we_often_hear_of_killing_the_messenger_but_how/ | {
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"d97jkhy",
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110,
372,
1040
],
"text": [
"Follow up question: Did the \"this is Sparta!!\" scene actually happen? Did Leonidas actually kill Xerxes' messenger or was it just a heated argument that was glorified in the movie? In general, ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
10ohl6 | What is likely to have been the first audible event in the universe, had someone been around to hear it? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10ohl6/what_is_likely_to_have_been_the_first_audible/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6f8jch",
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Sound is actually the same as any other wave in the universe. The only thing that matters is it's frequency. Human ears have been tuned to react to the wave frequencies between 20 to 20,000 Hz (oscillations per second). \n\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ligo.caltech.edu",
"http://lisa.nasa.gov"
]
] | ||
7e2bvs | A "biohacker" with a PhD in biophysics says he's modified his DNA with CRISPR. What's the reality of this? | Article here:
_URL_0_
| askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7e2bvs/a_biohacker_with_a_phd_in_biophysics_says_hes/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwxwnaj",
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"dq391ua",
"dq39uge"
],
"score": [
2,
2765,
226,
73,
17,
7,
54,
6,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"I am a Harvard CRISPR researcher. As far... | [] | [
"https://www.buzzfeed.com/stephaniemlee/this-biohacker-wants-to-edit-his-own-dna?utm_term=.ulPM7PRW8#.kegwQjx8L"
] | [
[
"http://www.the-odin.com/diy-crispr-kit/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_there_a_maximum_length_for_the_gRNA_used_in_CRISPR"
],
[
"https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.3993"
]
] | |
8kzhcp | how does depression in humans compare to depression in animals? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8kzhcp/eli5_how_does_depression_in_humans_compare_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dzbp52e",
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"score": [
10,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"That is hard to answer because depression in people is diagnosed largely by how they subjectively feel and how they think, something animals can’t really tell us. ",
"It's pretty much same. Monkeys... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3lodwe | why is there so much meat on chickens when all they do is stand around clucking all day? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lodwe/eli5_why_is_there_so_much_meat_on_chickens_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"cv7w3e7"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Chickens today are bred to have larger breasts, AND they usually get pumped full of hormones to make them grow quickly. I live in an area with many commercial chicken farms, and they all can take a chick straight from the egg to full grown bird r... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
66c0rr | Why are the natives of New Zealand seemingly more integrated and less disenfranchised (comparatively) than those of Australia and the Americas? | Is it simply a matter of geography and space? As an American I know little about New Zealand's history, and if its colonization was significantly different from other arms of the British Empire, I'd like to know as well. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/66c0rr/why_are_the_natives_of_new_zealand_seemingly_more/ | {
"a_id": [
"dghk2ii"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I am not sure I would agree that Maoris are more integrated and less disenfranchised than indigenous groups of Australia and \"the Americas.\" The Americas includes a lot of different independent countries, and each country has a different track... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
73ye7j | When did the catholic church first start to punish heresy with death? | I'm imagining in the early middle ages, before the catholic church was truly powerful, there must have been all kinds of things that would be percieved as heretical later on.
Though, unfortunately I have too little knowledge to provide any examples, aside from 'pelagianism' or 'arianism'.
In any case, when the did ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/73ye7j/when_did_the_catholic_church_first_start_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dnud2yw"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"The short answer is never.\n\nThe long answer is that the Church in the medieval period did not carry out punishments on heretics, but that heretic who were to be punished were handed over to secular authorities (i.e. the local king/count/duke e... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
13l1mi | Want to know where my grandma was held during WWII | .
| AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/13l1mi/want_to_know_where_my_grandma_was_held_during_wwii/ | {
"a_id": [
"c74wa9o",
"c74xj7u",
"c74xujv"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I can't help with your Grandma, but I can tell you that many ethnic Germans were sent to labor camps by the Russians, and many others became refugees from Eastern Europe. My wife's family lived in what... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.sudeten.de/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudetendeutsche_Landsmannschaft_Bundesverband",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Expellees"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_... | |
3whi6l | why aren't more laws created or changed by grandfathering them in years or even decades from now? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3whi6l/eli5why_arent_more_laws_created_or_changed_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxw9i9f",
"cxwbadf"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Because a grandfathered in law can still be changed before it goes into effect. Sure, *now* it won't hit hard, but in 10 years when it's about to happen? People in Congress *then* are going to be de-elected if it actually go... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6m9ajh | how do electricity companies increase the supply to deal with surges in demand like big sporting events on tv and where does the spare power get kept when it's not needed? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6m9ajh/eli5_how_do_electricity_companies_increase_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"djzua9m",
"djzvmfa",
"djzzc7r"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"They monitor the demand, and they have rapid-response small generating plants (peaker plants) that they will turn on as needed.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThey work hard to notice patterns in demand so they can pred... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaking_power_plant",
"https://www.geek.com/geek-cetera/tea-time-in-britain-causes-predictable-massive-surge-in-electricity-demand-1535023/"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
2kgjwb | why is it seemingly easier to converse with someone face-to-face than it is with someone you can't physically see (for instance, over the phone)? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kgjwb/eli5_why_is_it_seemingly_easier_to_converse_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"cll2qky",
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"cll3qsp",
"cll3tdv",
"cll7hmm"
],
"score": [
23,
3,
2,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"We are very visually oriented and facial recognition is important in bonding and socializing. We also tend to relate to things that look similar to us more ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
bn66y6 | why does strong encryption matter if passwords can be cracked easily through brute force anyway? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bn66y6/eli5_why_does_strong_encryption_matter_if/ | {
"a_id": [
"en2n80e",
"en2px6j"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Encryption stores a password in a a secret code. So even if someone can hack a server to find your password, they wouldn’t be able to read it without knowing how to crack the secret code. This is added security. It would be ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
8e6tc0 | If placed in a controlled environment, do trees that normally undergo seasonal leaf Abcission stop losing their leaves? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8e6tc0/if_placed_in_a_controlled_environment_do_trees/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxti83y"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
"I'm not any kind of expert, but no one else has answered this; so I looked it up, and I'll try my best.\n\nFrom what I'm reading, deciduous abscission results from a decrease in production of auxin in the leaves. This triggers a physical change ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
78s11m | magnetotherapy | I just want to know how magnetotherapy works | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78s11m/eli5_magnetotherapy/ | {
"a_id": [
"dow7ikj"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Short answer is it doesn't actually do anything.\n\n\n\nIt's a pseudoscience that people claim actually works. Their is no well done study that shows it as a viable means of treatment. The results aren't reproducible and nothing has passed peer r... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1997ap | What is the first reliable date in Chinese history? | What is the oldest event in Chinese history for which the date is known and undisputed by modern historians? Month and day of the year are optional, but the year should be exact I think.
I'm asking because it's popular to claim that China has 5000 years of history, but I'm not sure what they mean by "history". This qu... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1997ap/what_is_the_first_reliable_date_in_chinese_history/ | {
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"text": [
"Dates are notoriously difficult things to substantiate. Are you asking for a rough period? a year? a day? \nRoughly - We know about Longshan and Erlitou cultures from the archeological record, but there is no evidence to suggest that either were... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4jdpz1 | Did the Silk Road increase stability at all due to reliance on the wealth that it brought? | I mean, were the regions where the Silk Road flourished any more stable as a result of the economic relations now taking part? It seems to me if everyone was benefitting from this trade, less people would want to tear the process apart. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4jdpz1/did_the_silk_road_increase_stability_at_all_due/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3642rb"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's probably the other way around: stability held increase the viability of the Silk Road. The Silk Road ran through a few large, stable empires including Han China, Parthia, and Rome (along with various Indian kingdoms and empires, including th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4243wb | when will we reach the point-of-no-return when it comes to climate change? how much time do we have left at current trends? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4243wb/eli5_when_will_we_reach_the_pointofnoreturn_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"cz7ih5d",
"cz7jqhd"
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"score": [
4,
8
],
"text": [
"We have, by some estimates, already reached the point of no return. With the CO2 levels in the air reaching levels not seen in millions of year, it is unsafe for humans. The oceans were 80 feet higher than they are now the l... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7hhcmn | when we lose a game, why does our body feel a sense of failure even though it's not real? why does our body accept failure at all? what's the point of such a negative emotion? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7hhcmn/eli5_when_we_lose_a_game_why_does_our_body_feel_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqqxsmz"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"We feel the defeat of failure for the same reason we feel success. Knowing that we failed can drive us to try harder next time in the same way that succeeding makes us want to do it again.\n\nSometimes, however, you don't know what you did wrong ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
awyo67 | the difference between "purple" and "violet". | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/awyo67/eli5_the_difference_between_purple_and_violet/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehq2bu5",
"ehqhcyc"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"There are a couple of different ways we perceive colour. One is that light of a particular wavelength hits our eyes. These are the colours you see if white light goes through a prism, or the colours of a rainbow. Violet is t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ex68r | Psychologists: what is the research behind disciplining children physically? | It's a highly politicized issue, and I would just want to know what the research actually shows. I know that one recent study found that spanking reduced IQ. _URL_0_
Anything else?
EDIT: Not just for IQ. I'm wondering on the effects on every part of the child's life. Is it something you would do with your childre... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ex68r/psychologists_what_is_the_research_behind/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1bmyme",
"c1bn13d",
"c1bn689",
"c1bs0k6"
],
"score": [
6,
7,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"you just need to search for the right keywords\r\n\r\n[_URL_0_](_URL_0_)",
"Psychology graduate here (studying for GRE, hopefully heading to grad school soon), though DoorsofPe... | [] | [
"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/booster_shots/2009/09/spanking-iq.html"
] | [
[
"http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=100000000&q=corporal+punishment"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
d0hyp0 | Given the close-quarters combat and lack of armor typical in the 1700s & early 1800s warfare, were there any cases of modern Western armies reverting to bow & arrow (from musket)? | I’ve read that highly-trained units of the Napoleonic period could manage just 3-4 rounds per minute via musket, and fire was only effective within a 100 yard range. It strikes me that bowmen would enjoy similar range, with much higher rates of fire. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d0hyp0/given_the_closequarters_combat_and_lack_of_armor/ | {
"a_id": [
"ezagqzi"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"While more can always be said, you may be interested in [this subsection](_URL_0_) of our FAQ with answers from u/MI13 and u/Valkine"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/faq/militaryhistory/medievalwar#wiki_guns_vs_bows"
]
] | |
93dyxj | Is all blood the same colour? | Does the colour of an animals blood change depending on where it comes from (pig, cow, chicken, human and every other kind)? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/93dyxj/is_all_blood_the_same_colour/ | {
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"e3dhgxi",
"e3dhm26",
"e3dqtyn",
"e3g5tgh",
"e3hztpj"
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"score": [
9,
2,
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The molecular composition of blood is generally the same, resulting in most animals having the same color of blood. Famously, there are some creatures with gr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/pop.h-cdn.co/assets/17/15/768x576/sd-aspect-1492018370-gettyimages-588158644.jpg?resize=480:*"
],
[
"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/150312-blood-antarctica-octopus-animals-science-colors/",
"https://i.imgur.com/FXSrftx.png",
"https://... | |
14hw3u | how come i can immediately identity a voice from afar as coming from a tv than an actual person? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/14hw3u/eli5_how_come_i_can_immediately_identity_a_voice/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7daau6"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There's two audio production concepts that are are in play here. First one is called \"Frequency Response\" and the other is \"Dynamic Compression.\"\n\nFrequency response can be hard to grasp but simple to explain. Lets say you took one of those... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
79klyg | I’m a Soldier in the US Army working on a project about the War of 1812 to brief to other Soldiers and I’m having some issues finding some information. | Specifically looking for information on what the average Soldier was like during the War of 1812 (age, size, et cetera). Can anyone point me in the direction of a book or another resource? Or if you have any insight into this, that’d be great too. Any help is very much appreciated. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/79klyg/im_a_soldier_in_the_us_army_working_on_a_project/ | {
"a_id": [
"dp30kbb"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
"I'm afraid you are going to have difficulty getting such information, except for the 1812 discharge Certificates recommended by gps93. The Army simply did not begin collecting such data until much later than 1812. One source you may find usefu... | [] | [] | [
[]
] |
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