q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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4nlcy2 | what is life actually like for undocumented immigrants in uk/usa? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4nlcy2/eli5_what_is_life_actually_like_for_undocumented/ | {
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"In the US the life isn't too difficult, but it isn't ideal. A lot of it also depends on what city and/or state you live in.\n\nWe had an illegal immigrant working for the old company I used to manage. The owner brought him in while working on s... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1zi2vx | why doesn't russia have a warm water port on it's black sea coastline? | Like the question states, why don't they have one on their own coastline? It seems like it would be easy to create their own warm water port so that they wouldn't have to worry as much if their lease at Sevastopol would be revoked. I realize that the port issue is a smaller part of a bigger problem, my question is mor... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1zi2vx/eli5_why_doesnt_russia_have_a_warm_water_port_on/ | {
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" > It seems like it would be easy to create their own warm water port\n\nPossible? Yes. Easy? No. Naval bases are complicated, huge, and expensive. Russia *is* actually maki... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Novorossiysk/@44.7155345,37.7878025,17905m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m2!3m1!1s0x40ee03bb38a719df:0x628956e1835d7aa3"
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441uvx | why if it is widely known that a college professor is bad, the college doesn't just fire them and hire a better one? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/441uvx/eli5_why_if_it_is_widely_known_that_a_college/ | {
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"There's a lot of different factors to consider that students don't always understand. Maybe he's not so good at teaching, but he's a *g... | [] | [] | [
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f0s39b | solid explanation about pyramids. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f0s39b/eli5solid_explanation_about_pyramids/ | {
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"Myths about the difficulty of building the pyramids are greatly exaggerated. The real answer is very mundane: they had a lot of dudes working hard.\n\nDesigning the pyramids wasn'... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_geometry",
"https://www.memphistours.com/Egypt/Egypt-Wikis/Egypt-Pyramids/wiki/Bent-Pyramid-at-Dahshure"
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5m0cke | Coast Salish people 1492-1792 | Simply, what was happening in Coast Salish society for these 300 years?
I'm from the Puget Sound area, and our common knowledge of the local people begins with a young Chief Seattle seeing Vancouver's ship, and ends with the founders of the city of Seattle naming the new town after him. (Yes, i am aware that's not hi... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5m0cke/coast_salish_people_14921792/ | {
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"There really is little compelling reason to believe that European or Asian influence reached the interior Puget Sound region prior to the late 1770s when sustained interaction with explorers/fur traders took place. There are some exceptions, howe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://staff.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/JapaneseShipwrecks-Grant-Keddie.pdf"
]
] | |
16byv9 | Medically speaking, what is the "best" blood type to have? Is there one? | Here, of course, I am speaking in reference to the A, B, AB, O blood types, each of which may be positive or negative.
I am wondering if there is a self-interested "best" blood type to have? Only speaking to the well being and health and longevity of the individual with the blood type - not speaking to any altruistic ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/16byv9/medically_speaking_what_is_the_best_blood_type_to/ | {
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"AB+ for the same reason you already put in your question (in case of an accident, you could basically receive a different blood type without having many complications). \n\nOther than that, there is inexistant support those ... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type#Red_blood_cell_compatibility"
] | [
[],
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2647928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173130"
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1tg0l7 | what causes savant's to have amazing talents? | I don't understand how or why these people's brains work in amazing ways. What makes their brains so special? Thanks in advance | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1tg0l7/eli5_what_causes_savants_to_have_amazing_talents/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's not known. Sorry to give a short answer but when something isn't known there's nothing to really say."
]
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[]
] | |
4sw029 | why are the exact same ratios of isotopes of an element found all around the world? | Edit for clarity: When I was watching [this](_URL_0_) Sci Show video they talk about how french scientists expected to find a certain percentage (0.72%) of Uranium-235 because everywhere in the world, for every 100kgs of Uranium element extracted, .72kgs would be Uranium-235. Why is it found in a certain concentration ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4sw029/eli5_why_are_the_exact_same_ratios_of_isotopes_of/ | {
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"Your premise is incorrect. Differing ratios will be found in different places. One basic example: the content of deuterium and tritium in water differs around the world (ever heard of how the Nazis wanted the \"heavy water\"... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS53AA_WaUk"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1xc15p | are there any negative consequences to getting rid of the penny? | Many people argue that we should eliminate the penny in the US because it costs more to make than it is worth. But wouldn't this cause issues with pricing? For example: if I need to give 17 cents in change how am I supposed to make that without pennies? Also, how if anything, would this affect the inflation rates in th... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1xc15p/eli5_are_there_any_negative_consequences_to/ | {
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"multiple countries including new zealand and canada got rid of the penny, and they had no problems, economically it makes perfect sense, and we ourselves long ago got rid of the half penny, and haf no problems then either. [pennys must die](_URL_... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5UT04p5f7U"
]
] | |
4hntze | at its very core, how does a stock markets trading reflect the stock price? | I understand that basically the price is a reflection of recent buy/sell prices. But how is that accurately reflected as a stock price? Is there a large bank of computers that create that price? If so, can't that be hacked? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4hntze/eli5_at_its_very_core_how_does_a_stock_markets/ | {
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"The price is actually set in the stock market. Stock is constantly offered for sale. There are life events which mean it is time to sell stock.\n\nPeople will always buy a stock based on the earnings of a company, their asse... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
627j71 | with the new bill that allows you're isp to sell your internet history. what is the upside? how do politicians defend this? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/627j71/eli5_with_the_new_bill_that_allows_youre_isp_to/ | {
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"They don't need to defend it. There doesn't have to be an upside. The American people voted to give them control of all branches of government. They can more or less do what they want, and as long as people aren't rioting in the streets and liter... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
hcvsv | Doesn't the idea of spontaneous creation go against the laws of thermodynamics? | "Because there is a law such as gravity, the Universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the Universe exists, why we exist. It is not necessary to invoke God to ... set the Universe going," - Stephen Hawking
That doesn't seem right t... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hcvsv/doesnt_the_idea_of_spontaneous_creation_go/ | {
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"text": [
"Thermodynamics didn't exist until the universe was created spontaneously. ",
"You have to understand that particle-antiparticle pairs are spontaneously generated all the time out of nothing. So it could have been someth... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
50u2nc | Was Belisarius regarded as a military genius in his own lifetime, or did his reputation grow as time went on? | How did the soldiers and rank and file of his army feel about him, and what was the general consensus of the people as well?
Thanks. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/50u2nc/was_belisarius_regarded_as_a_military_genius_in/ | {
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"Belisarius clearly had quite some trouble with his fellow/subordinate generals.\n\nAt the time each general commanded a personal army of *bucellarii*, so disagreement quite literally meant dividing the army. The resulting lack of co-operating no... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://books.google.ca/books?id=o14KAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA378&dq=battle+of+callinicum+cowardice+john+malalas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik15qtn_LOAhUB9GMKHa97AI8Q6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=battle%20of%20callinicum%20cowardice%20john%20malalas&f=false",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/co... | |
1dwd2b | If energy is neither created nor destroyed, what keeps something (like the moon) in orbit? | Is gravitation a harvestable source of energy? Is the moon slowing down or getting closer? Is this essentially perpetual energy? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1dwd2b/if_energy_is_neither_created_nor_destroyed_what/ | {
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"text": [
"Motion does not require energy. It would take energy to speed up the moon, or to put the moon into a higher orbit, but every 28 days its in the same place at the same speed. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
13r4vk | If I were to stand on Titan, if I looked in the direction of saturn would I be able to see it or would the atmosphere be too thick? | Since in a lot of pictures, the surface of titan can barely be seen, it should work the other way around right? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13r4vk/if_i_were_to_stand_on_titan_if_i_looked_in_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The interesting [wikipedia article about extraterrestrial skies](_URL_0_) says that on Titan, Saturn is permanently invisible behind orange smog, and even the Sun would only be a lighter patch in the haze.\n\n"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial_skies#The_sky_of_Titan"
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27cqhz | what is an action potential? what is happening on a basic, cellular level when a neuron "fires"? | Do neurotransmitters cause them to fire or are they simply regulated by their own free will? Do they produce electricity? What are CAT scans picking up on when they detect brain activity?
Thank you for your replies! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27cqhz/eli5_what_is_an_action_potential_what_is/ | {
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"The interactions are all chemical. I actually really dislike the use of the word \"electrical\" in relation to neurons, because it's not really electricity as you know it (currents flowing through wires and stuff).\n\nNeurotransmitters play a big... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7kinbm | In the very earliest decades of the telephone, how did people pay for calls? Did the receiver pay? Were people sent bills to rural farms? Did operators refuse to connect them if they didn't pay? Was it expensive? | Kind of interested in the whole shebang. How you would get a phone on a farm in the middle of Kansas. Before pay phones would people go to the post office to make calls similar to how telegrams worked. Was it by the minute, by the call, did long distance cost more, etc.?
Thanks.
Edit: When/how were all phones put on ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7kinbm/in_the_very_earliest_decades_of_the_telephone_how/ | {
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"I guess the first thing to note is that in the early days of the industry, there were many hundreds of small, local telephone companies. Many, many of these quickly became part of the Bell System or competitors like General Telephone, but other... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3633"
]
] | |
3socnb | why is it offensive to dress up as an indian or a black person? | As a white guy I just don't get it. If someone wants to dress up as a cowboy, a hillbilly, etc. it doesn't hurt my feelings. I'm not offended. Why is everyone so easily offended by silly costumes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3socnb/eli5_why_is_it_offensive_to_dress_up_as_an_indian/ | {
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mn5c6 | How dangerous are the radiation levels of Airport scanners? | From what I understand there are two types of scanners--milimeter scanners and X-ray scanners.
It seems quite clear the milimeter scanners pose no threat (we are on a huge blackbody radiating in the infrared spectrum, afterall), but what about the X-ray scanners? Privacy concerns aside, are there legitimate grounds on... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mn5c6/how_dangerous_are_the_radiation_levels_of_airport/ | {
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"text": [
"First, accept that these are regular x-rays, not something special, since it is a \"backscanner\".\n\nSecond, the two major manufacturers use beam energies similar to Chest x-rays (125 KVP for AS & E) and hand x-rays (50 KVP... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5th5ad | why do many discount retailers create their own generic products to undercut name brand products they're trying to sell? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5th5ad/eli5_why_do_many_discount_retailers_create_their/ | {
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"text": [
"Because the generics cost less for the store to purchase than the name brand. And the bigger margin on generics than name brands."
]
} | [] | [] | [
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gtrdu | Why do we use light to see? | I assume the idea is that the wavelengths of visible light provide the most information about the environment, since many chemicals absorb/reflect light in the visible wavelength. It also might have to do with the sun giving off mostly visible light. Maybe visible light is also reasonably easy for proteins to detect? I... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gtrdu/why_do_we_use_light_to_see/ | {
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"Generally, interactions occur either when the length scale of the detector is around the same size as the wavelength, or if it can undergo a quantum transition of similar energy. S... | [] | [] | [
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pnkmn | Has the ability to sing well ever been explained scientifically? | Is there a section in the brain or extra throat muscles that people that can sing well have and people who sound like me when they sing don't? Most people say the ability to sing is something people are just born with, why? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pnkmn/has_the_ability_to_sing_well_ever_been_explained/ | {
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"The ability to sing well depends largely on two things: 1) the vocal ability/potential, and 2) musical cognition, enabling someone to perceive pitch distinctions well. All people ... | [] | [] | [
[
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles_of_larynx"
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"http://books.google.com/books?id=298QmPcpR1QC&lpg=PA110&ots=6AKO0ja8Wc&dq=neural%20connections%20parrots%20ear%20vocalization&pg=PA110#v=onepage&q=neural%20connections%20parrots... | |
jgy3v | the difference between a mac and a pc | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jgy3v/eli5_the_difference_between_a_mac_and_a_pc/ | {
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22qr1i | how did people not think the witch tests such as checking if a person would float or drown were completely illogical? | So in modern day, it's pretty obvious that not getting oxygen would eventually kill you. Did the people back then not know this or was there another reason that this belief was so prevalent? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22qr1i/eli5_how_did_people_not_think_the_witch_tests/ | {
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"At the time, witch accusations were not all genuine suspicions. Often, people would accuse high ranking and powerful people to get them out of the way.\n\nAnd for those honestly believing in it, they were really just too afr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
9r57y9 | How has sushi changed over the years? What effect has Western culinary influence had on Japanese sushi? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9r57y9/how_has_sushi_changed_over_the_years_what_effect/ | {
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"I can't speak to sushi as a whole but I can offer a slice on one of the most ubiquitous variants; Salmon sushi/sashimi.\n\nSalmon is a saltwater fish that spawns in rivers. It was commonly eaten i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00180.x",
"https://scandinaviantraveler.com/en/lifestyle/how-norwegian-salmon-rawed-to-success-in-japan",
"http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/114676.pdf",
"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07409710.2017.142035... | ||
2gdkhe | why is anaerobic cellular respiration so much less efficient the aerobic respiration? | Hey guys, long time creeper and first time poster here! I am in bio 114 at Oklahoma State University and my prof is just driving me nuts with the way he explains this. So far, all i can gather as far as differences between the two is that aerobic has the electron transport chain but all the explanations I've found onli... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2gdkhe/eli5_why_is_anaerobic_cellular_respiration_so/ | {
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"The electron transport chain creates a hydrogen ion gradient outside of the mitochondrial membrane (where it takes place). This gradient is used to power ATPsynthase, the enzyme that creates ATP. It can make about 32 ATP per glucose molecule (the... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6qz8vt | Medieval Female Breastplates: How did they tailor to the many cup sizes? | Was it even a real thing considering the few female warriors in history. Are the cups really necessary or just a visual stimulus for men in movies? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6qz8vt/medieval_female_breastplates_how_did_they_tailor/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"u/sunagainstgold and I gave some examples in the thread on [where did the trope of \"Boob Armor\" originate?](_URL_0_) which might answer your question.",
"They didn't need to. Plate armour is generally designed with ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/655bn4/where_did_the_trope_of_boob_armor_originate_who/"
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"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Br%C3%B6stharnesk_till_Gustav_Vasas_rustning_1540_-_Livrustkammaren_-_43011.tif"
]
] | |
3cpr02 | Was the response to the 1967 SCOTUS ruling on interracial marriage similar to the recent same sex marriage ruling with states-counties refusing to offer marriage certificates? | I posted this on /r/askreddit and someone suggested I post it here for a better response. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3cpr02/was_the_response_to_the_1967_scotus_ruling_on/ | {
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"text": [
"Lucky you /u/x--BANKS--x posted a thorough and partially shocking response [here](_URL_0_) yesterday."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3cn4aa/how_did_judges_respond_to_the_1967_loving_v/csx577q"
]
] | |
352yj8 | I'm a young Serf from near Moscow at the end of the 18th century and I've just joined the Russian Army. What sort of life can I expect? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/352yj8/im_a_young_serf_from_near_moscow_at_the_end_of/ | {
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"Service in the Petrine army and its successors* was very much a mixed bag. One of Peter I's innovations, and one that made Russia's military unique up through the Napoleonic Wars was that he sought to establish a large, permanent force structure ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4xfx6y | Is plasma = electricity? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4xfx6y/is_plasma_electricity/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6f81p1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A plasma is just a collection of ionized particles interacting with each other, similar to a gas. What's unique to a plasma is that it interacts with an external electromagnetic field and produces its own (which it then interacts with also).\n\nT... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1qsbmu | what is the technology at work in the power balance performance bracelets? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qsbmu/eli5_what_is_the_technology_at_work_in_the_power/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdfxm0z",
"cdfxnp1"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Pure weapons grade bullshit.",
"Nothing. It's a complete lie. There have been no peer reviewed and accepted scientific studies that have found Benefits from such products. \n\nmagnets, rocks, crystals, etc do not affect... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6f76en | how does stock investment and monthly dividend works? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6f76en/eli5_how_does_stock_investment_and_monthly/ | {
"a_id": [
"difxm9x"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There's 2 parts to stock investments actually making money for you.\n\nFirst, you have the appreciation of the stock value itself. If you buy stock at $10/share and then the company has a good year and shows growth, it might be valued st $15/shar... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
36ma4z | How exactly has the Large Hadron Collider been improved for 2015? | From what I understand the LHC could already accelerate hydrogen particles to 0.9999999c. How much faster do they really need to go? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/36ma4z/how_exactly_has_the_large_hadron_collider_been/ | {
"a_id": [
"crf7v41",
"crf820a",
"crhfxsf"
],
"score": [
19,
19,
2
],
"text": [
"It is not about speed it is about energy. The LHC always was intended t run at 14 TeV, but in order to see if it really works they decided to run a few years at lower energy and luminosity. Now after ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy#Relativistic_kinetic_energy_of_rigid_bodies"
],
[]
] | |
59ottn | how did "buh-dum-tss" become the post-joke norm? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59ottn/eli5_how_did_buhdumtss_become_the_postjoke_norm/ | {
"a_id": [
"d9a5pbp"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"[This is known as a sting](_URL_0_) or also a rimshot."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sting_(percussion\\)"
]
] | ||
4d72cy | Which was the first battle in which ranged/missile weapons were key to the victory? | Perhaps Agincourt? Roman soldiers would have their pilum so perhaps one of their battles although since the legionaire was a close combat soldier I won't consider them in this question.
The main method of warfighting today is with ranged weapons but in ancient history most troops would fight with close combat weapons... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4d72cy/which_was_the_first_battle_in_which_rangedmissile/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1oc3t5",
"d1ohid5"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"I don't know if this question **can** be answered as phrased, the first battle in which ranged weapons were key to victory was probably in prehistoric times. Do you mean major battle? Or first case in Europe or middle ages? ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6ykfre | How exactly is History research done? | I'm very curious on how History research is done. I understand that this is a general question but I am looking for an answer on the mechanics and how it may be started and carried out.
For example in Mathematics Mathematicians prove theorems and develop new theories to solve problems.
So what exactly do Historians... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6ykfre/how_exactly_is_history_research_done/ | {
"a_id": [
"dmscmq7"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"All history research begins with a question that you want to answer about the past. It can be a big question or a small question. Unlike the hard sciences, replicating the past event is impossible. You can't have a lab setting that controls fo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4js5og | why are there different kinds of sand (white, yellow etc) and what makes them different besides colour? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4js5og/eli5_why_are_there_different_kinds_of_sand_white/ | {
"a_id": [
"d392hts",
"d392pba"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"Sand is an incredibly local thing. The sand represents what happens to the silt and rocks in the hills nearby. Essentially, mountains and hills become boulders and rocks. Rocks become stones. Stones become pebbles. Pebbles b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
eni9lz | if the civil war was about slavery, then why did the amendment banning slavery not just make the south become it’s own slaving nation? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eni9lz/eli5_if_the_civil_war_was_about_slavery_then_why/ | {
"a_id": [
"fe00u5p",
"fe00zhd"
],
"score": [
2,
6
],
"text": [
"The south tries to secede because they opposed the end of slavery. That's what the civil war was about; the North didn't want to let them secede.",
"That's what the southern states did, they split away from the United St... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
c83uzf | how are so many nuclear weapons regularly tested if we know what consequences they cause? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c83uzf/eli5_how_are_so_many_nuclear_weapons_regularly/ | {
"a_id": [
"esjltla",
"esjn7hd",
"esjq0tc",
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"score": [
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12,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Testing serves two main purposes: (1) to measure the effectiveness of new designs, and (2) to measure the effectiveness of aging weapons that have been in storage for years.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5272pr | In America the 50's is often romanticized as being a time of vastly increasing wealth and prosperity . Is there any truth in this belief? And how did people come to perceive it as such? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5272pr/in_america_the_50s_is_often_romanticized_as_being/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7hv33a"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Yes, there is in regards to economic prosperity. According the the Miller Center;\n\n\n > Although mild recessions slowed growth in 1953-1954, 1957-1958, and again in 1960, the economy expanded robustly during most of the 1950s. Unemployment was ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7a1ewi | What volcanos in the Cascade range are most likely to erupt next and approximately when? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7a1ewi/what_volcanos_in_the_cascade_range_are_most/ | {
"a_id": [
"dp6pu9s"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Short answer, we don't know on either count.\n\nLonger answer, I'd encourage you to check out the [Cascades Volcano Observatory](_URL_1_), which is run by the USGS and is tasked with monitoring and studying Cascades volcanoes. From the map that a... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/faq.html",
"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/",
"https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/cvo_monitoring.html"
]
] | ||
1krjb3 | (Written) Welsh (and other Celtic languages) are, in modern times, based of the Latin alphabet. Why? | Welsh existed in before the Roman invasion of modern day Britain. Before that time how was Welsh or other Celtic languages written? Was it written? A bonus question: in Welsh you have two extra vowels, how did this occur from the standard form of vowels. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1krjb3/written_welsh_and_other_celtic_languages_are_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbs514x"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Try asking this question in /r/linguistics. Other than that I can give you a few reasons via some anecdotes with other languages. But I will also preface this by saying I am no linguist and no historian just someone with a hankering for knowledge... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3lrpyd | why does ice taste bad with milk, even though it is great with every other cold beverage? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lrpyd/eli5_why_does_ice_taste_bad_with_milk_even_though/ | {
"a_id": [
"cv8v0fy"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Personally I enjoy ice in my milk, I like it to be ice cold and don't mind if it'd a tad watered down at the end"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3d5v3v | Why don’t the largest stars have impossibly short lifespans (a few millennia or less)? | I’ve been fascinated with the most massive stars for some time, and I was looking at their life spans. They didn’t seem as short as they should have. I went ahead and plotted a bunch of stellar lifespans. Below 3 solar masses (M☉), they seemed to follow approximately the formula 12Gyr/M☉³, but between 3M☉ and 30M☉, it ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3d5v3v/why_dont_the_largest_stars_have_impossibly_short/ | {
"a_id": [
"ct2d2kp"
],
"score": [
16
],
"text": [
"Larger stars ( > 20 M☉) have longer lives than they would otherwise (assuming extrapolation from smaller stars) because radiation pressure overtakes gas pressure as the dominant force holding the core up against collapse. Radiation pressure is ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9jn2df | How did large Graeco-Roman bronze sculptures look in antiquity? | Marble sculpture was painted to look more lifelike, but I have seen a few reproductions of bronzes with bare polished metal for skin and dark staining or paint for hair. These sculptures often had inlaid copper lips and nipples, glass eyes, and silver fingernails suggesting more of the material was not painted. Is ther... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9jn2df/how_did_large_graecoroman_bronze_sculptures_look/ | {
"a_id": [
"e6ss5rv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The main source of information I have (as someone who does not deal with objects directly) comes from written accounts by contemporary Greaco-Roman writers describing bronze statues. Pausanias, a Greek writer, writing in the 2nd century CE, in br... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1c5u8z | How exactly do the Anglo-Saxon land divisions work, and how are they related to the Anglo-Saxon Military, the Danegeld, burhs, huscarls and thegns? | I've been studying, trying to nail it down. Am I any where near right on this?
First you have Charles the Churl. Charles has two oxen. Those oxen plow the length of one FURLONG. One churl plowing all day equals one ACRE. The amount that can be plowed in one season by one team of two oxen and a churl is one OXGANG. Fou... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1c5u8z/how_exactly_do_the_anglosaxon_land_divisions_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9dxdg9"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"May I point out that Danegeld is not a tax for the king. Danegeld is a large sum of money given to roving bands of vikings to stop them from destroying your kingdom/property. It was sometimes taken from taxes, but was not the name of the taxes th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ajbd5x | what is the concept of purgatory? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ajbd5x/eli5_what_is_the_concept_of_purgatory/ | {
"a_id": [
"eeu7n55",
"eeugwch",
"eewrbqm"
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"score": [
3,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"According to some Christians, purgatory is the place you end up after you die but before you go to Heaven or Hell.\n\nWhile you are in the \"waiting room\" of purgatory, the prayers of your loved ones c... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
1wh1p9 | Has martial law ever been instated without civilian resistance? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1wh1p9/has_martial_law_ever_been_instated_without/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf2cw0c"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"After the Great Chicago Fire (which wasn't started by Mrs O'Leary's cow btw) the Chicago government declared martial law and voluntarily handed power over to the military. There were no major disturbances or resistance, and civilian leadership wa... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7h7k3p | how do inverters change direct current into alternating current? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7h7k3p/eli5_how_do_inverters_change_direct_current_into/ | {
"a_id": [
"dqotp1x"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The simplest way to convert direct current to alternating current is to turn it on and off. If you toggle it 100 or 120 time a second depending of where you live you create a alternating current. The result is not a nice sine wave like in the wa... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
]
] | ||
nzl4y | please explain mono vs stereo sound specifically in regards to records released in the 60s | I've read the wikipedia explanations and I'm just not picking it up. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nzl4y/eli5_please_explain_mono_vs_stereo_sound/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3d72zn",
"c3d73he",
"c3d7u7n"
],
"score": [
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Older audio equipment only had one track for recording sound information. This means that when you play it back in headphones, you get the same sound in both ears (monaural).\nWhen stereo equipment cam... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1i5qh5 | What celebratory gestures did historic cultures use? Were high fives and fist bumps common? | My wife and I were high fiving the other day and I wondered... when did the first high five happen?
Could there have been Roman soldiers doing the Top Gun style "high and low" circle high five? Is there any record of where high fives and fist pounds first happened or where they came from? What were the historic equiv... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1i5qh5/what_celebratory_gestures_did_historic_cultures/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb1abxc",
"cb1qvz3"
],
"score": [
16,
2
],
"text": [
"The High Five is surprisingly modern, only entering wide use in the late 70's. The first documented high five took place on October 2, 1977, during a professional baseball game. Dusty Baker and Glenn Burke of the Los Angel... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5x7spm | why are headaches and toothaches much less tolerable other kinds of body pain? | Like its *really* hard to do just about anything with a headache/toothache than having a cut or some other form of pain. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5x7spm/eli5_why_are_headaches_and_toothaches_much_less/ | {
"a_id": [
"deg3j3c",
"deg5luj"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"I'm not totally sure on the reasons for tooth pain being string but head aches are specifically created by the brain as warning signals. There are no actual pain receptors in the brain itself so any pain is coming from signa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
7108cw | how do bananas become sweeter as they age? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7108cw/eli5_how_do_bananas_become_sweeter_as_they_age/ | {
"a_id": [
"dn780lu"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The sugars that they're made of at a basic level slowly break apart into shorter (and thus sweeter) chains, this is also why/how they turn brown"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
amhm2q | What are the differences in time period between the Renaissance and the Medieval times? Is Medieval synonymous to the Middle Ages? Is the Renaissance included within the Middle Ages? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/amhm2q/what_are_the_differences_in_time_period_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"efm1mk0"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Not to curb your or anyone's enthusiasm in discussing this anew/again, but much of this question has been answered in the responses to [this thread](_URL_1_), as well as having useful links [in this section of the FAQ](_URL_0_)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/renaissance#wiki_renaissance",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ajsfw6/is_it_proper_to_use_the_terms_medieval_or_middle/"
]
] | ||
8ebcli | what is the benefit of restarting a phone or computer on a regular basis? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ebcli/eli5_what_is_the_benefit_of_restarting_a_phone_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxts9ie",
"dxts9k7"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Clears memory and ends processes that stubbornly don't end because of poor coding,\namong many other reasons\n\nAlso windows installs updates when you restart",
"Adding to this if allowed; does it make a difference wheth... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2kjskc | What is the best way to brew tea in order to maximise caffeine extraction while minimising the level of tannins extracted? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2kjskc/what_is_the_best_way_to_brew_tea_in_order_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"clmdxy7",
"clms0xd"
],
"score": [
5,
4
],
"text": [
"I can't speak to brewing methods, but a quick search revealed loose leaf have more tannins in general, and white tea has fewer tannins in general... so starting w/ bagged/processed white tea may be a start, though it does... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7n1bwd | why do japanese people keep using logograms (kanji) when they could write everything using their syllabaries (hiragana/katakana)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7n1bwd/eli5_why_do_japanese_people_keep_using_logograms/ | {
"a_id": [
"dry9bc2",
"dry9p38",
"drya1dm",
"drya744",
"drybezj"
],
"score": [
2,
19,
2,
9,
4
],
"text": [
"Many reasons. Why do we use abbreviations instead of writing everything out fully? Much quicker to write NASA instead of National Astronautics and Space Adm... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4i1iz0 | why is jumping off a bridge a means of suicide, when i've seen countless videos of people jumping off taller cliffs into rougher waters? | What kills you quickly enough off the bridge, that doesn't when you jump off cliffs for fun? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4i1iz0/eli5_why_is_jumping_off_a_bridge_a_means_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2u770u",
"d2u7gjc",
"d2u8ydl"
],
"score": [
5,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"The world record high dive jump is about 200'. Thats with training... the average mortal would probably be risking their health higher than 50'.\n\nMost bridges are 200-250' high. you COULD survive it... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
267fwc | why are "bad smells" associated to bad stuff like rotten food or bad breath and "good smells" to good stuff like roses or cooked food? can't bad things have a good smell for our brain (ie: poop that smells like roses)? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/267fwc/eli5_why_are_bad_smells_associated_to_bad_stuff/ | {
"a_id": [
"chocrwv",
"chocst0",
"choct8m"
],
"score": [
5,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"We evolved to associate smells that are beneficial to us (such as food, sources of sugar like flowers or fruits, etc) as good... And things that are bad for us (like festering microorganisms in rotten f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
361lrp | what is total harmonic distortion in ups's | How can you work it out and is lower or higher better? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/361lrp/eli5_what_is_total_harmonic_distortion_in_upss/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr9v1km"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Lower is better. [Harmonic distortion can have detrimental effects on electrical equipment. Unwanted\ndistortion can increase the current in power systems which results in higher temperatures\nin neutral conductors and distribution transformers. ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.aptsources.com/resources/pdf/Total%20Harmonic%20Distortion.pdf"
]
] | |
7kojq1 | How do rockets start in vacuum? | So i know that rockets bring their own LOX to oxidize the fuel. But how do they start the reaction without the vacuum of space pulling the chemicals out? So I imagine that they pump in fuel and LOX and ignite it with an electrical spark or similar, but then because there is vacuum outside the nozzle, why don't the comb... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7kojq1/how_do_rockets_start_in_vacuum/ | {
"a_id": [
"drgfpad",
"drgnm2t",
"drgpog9"
],
"score": [
5,
12,
5
],
"text": [
"The combustion process doesn't need anything other than the fuel and oxidizer. The combustion chamber is primed with a fuel/oxidizer mix, and some kind of igniter provides the \"spark\" needed to start... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://library.sciencemadness.org/library/books/ignition.pdf"
],
[]
] | |
5z5c12 | is it possible to spy on people through a microwave? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5z5c12/eli5_is_it_possible_to_spy_on_people_through_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"devd3b2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Not unless you put a bunch of new hardware into the microwave's box. The machine itself contains no sensors that could be used to eavesdrop on people. It has no camera, no microphone, no radio receiver, etc."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3cdyd6 | why do many birds risk their lives by flying low and through traffic when they can seemingly fly a few feet higher to avoid such danger? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3cdyd6/eli5why_do_many_birds_risk_their_lives_by_flying/ | {
"a_id": [
"csunys6"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"First and most importantly, birds are not as smart as humans, and cannot tell that cars are 'dangerous' the way adult humans can.\n\nWhile many bird can fly quite high, most urban birds species do not do so regularly; they live their lives in shr... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4ih86d | how movies can be 'not yet rated' | If a movie can advertise all over TV don't you think it can at least be rated at that point? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ih86d/eli5how_movies_can_be_not_yet_rated/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2y1nej",
"d2y1oaa",
"d2y25ik",
"d2y2iyy"
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"score": [
7,
4,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"Because it's not a final cut, they haven't submitted a final video script so clips can either come out or go in, once it's finalized it is then rated",
"That usually happens wh... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1vx4vu | How did the asteroids form? | The theory that the asteroid belt is the remains of a broken up larger body does not seem to be favored, yet how can space dust or gas fuse together into nickle/iron or stone bodies from only the gravity of the particles? If I dump a mountain of sand in space, will it fuse to stone eventually? What about the varying co... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1vx4vu/how_did_the_asteroids_form/ | {
"a_id": [
"cewrxaz"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Another key point is that there is a fair bit of heterogeneity in asteroids / meteors. Some, like chondrites, are thought to be relatively undifferentiated chunks of the original planet forming material, so these did likely glom together to form ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1g0vp1 | I understand how evolution selects for traits in a life-and-death sense, but what about for traits that have no bearing on whether the species lives or dies? | Or does everything purely come down to sex and death?
There are plenty of traits that animals have evolved that have an obvious connection to how they came about. The animals with that trait had a high survivability, and thus those traits survived, because the trait lended itself directly to the creature's survival. ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1g0vp1/i_understand_how_evolution_selects_for_traits_in/ | {
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" > However, it seems like there are tons of traits that somehow are selected for and carry on, but have absolutely no bearing on whether a creature was more likely to survive, or more likely to reprod... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandrel_%28biology%29"
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_sweep",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage_disequilibrium"
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1kfnqj | How aware would the average Jew have been of the Christian Reformation? | 1.Would the average European Jew be familiar with corruption in the Church?
2.Would the average Jew have heard of people such as John Calvin or Martin Luther? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kfnqj/how_aware_would_the_average_jew_have_been_of_the/ | {
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"cbpkrx3"
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"assuming the average christian was aware probably about the same as they would hear the gossip in their interaction not to mention the fact that luther (i think) was very anti semetic... so it did affect them as well however bear in mind that the... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4wtebf | what effects would consuming an excess amount of protein do in the long term? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4wtebf/eli5_what_effects_would_consuming_an_excess/ | {
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"According to the Wikipedia article on \"protein poisoning\" or rabbit starvation (since historically the way to get this condition is to consume large quantities of rabbit - an extremely lean meat), excessive protein in the human body would lead ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
et5npv | Wehrmacht and Nazi affiliations | I have two questions. First being were the Wehrmacht technically Nazis during world war 2 or did they basically do their own thing. Second, off, was Poland invaded by the German army, the Nazi party or both? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/et5npv/wehrmacht_and_nazi_affiliations/ | {
"a_id": [
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"/u/commiespaceinvader has written on this topic numerous times:\n\n* [Was anti-Jewish sentiment popular in the regular Germany Army/Air Force/Navy? Or was it only a thing in the SS?](_URL_2_) (also feat. /u/marisacoulter)\n* [Just how much of the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4r8pzp/how_often_did_the_regular_german_army_werhmacht/d4z72hu/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1p74td/how_invested_in_nazi_ideology_was_the_average/cczgzhu/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4d2ex4/was_antijewish_sen... | |
4bi6z1 | can someone explain to me what forex trading is? and why is it gaining a lot of popularity right now? | EDIT: I am seeing a lot of posts on Instagram and Facebook from people I got to university with. Apparently they are making money out of FOREX and there are a lot of people "recruiting" freshmen students to get into this. What is this exactly? , and is it worth getting into this? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4bi6z1/eli5_can_someone_explain_to_me_what_forex_trading/ | {
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"It is trading currencies... FOREX stands for Foreign Exchange. Due to the drop in oil s... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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"http://www.stockbrokers.com/news/swiss-franc-shock-hits-forex-brokers-hard/",
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"http://m.imgur.com/qb9O036"
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sBlF2XOctc&lis... | |
ba2lwj | what defines an island? why is greenland the largest island in the world and not australia? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ba2lwj/eli5_what_defines_an_island_why_is_greenland_the/ | {
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"Australia has its own continental plate, so it is a continent. Greenland on the other hand sits firmly on another continents continental plate (north America’s), so it counts as... | [] | [] | [
[],
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4tgfbv | how do identity thieves not get caught? | If someone uses a piece of personal information, or several, to steal someone's identity, with all the technology that exists, how do these people not get caught? I mean, there are cameras in stores, at ATMs, etc.--can't the authorities track people down based on that? Or is it so widespread and massive that kind of ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4tgfbv/eli5_how_do_identity_thieves_not_get_caught/ | {
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"For the most part it's because nobody is trying very hard to catch them. Individually most identity thieves aren't causing enough financial harm to individuals for law enforcement to do much. They usual... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1sn2al | what was happening in the middle east and africa during world war ii? what sides were taken and how were they affected? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1sn2al/what_was_happening_in_the_middle_east_and_africa/ | {
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"The Italians tried to take North Africa. The British along with Australia and New Zealand destroyed the Italians. An Allied army of j... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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4l7xsy | why can't we build arrays of solar panels in space and then beam the electricity to earth like cell phone signals? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4l7xsy/eli5_why_cant_we_build_arrays_of_solar_panels_in/ | {
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"We probably could, it'd just be enormously expensive and not necessary.\n\nWe don't have a shortage of energy on Earth now. We just have a shortage of clean energy. Overall solar p... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://www.simtropolis.com/repository/screens/monthly_04_2004/thumb-63f9ed1821444a64d6b4a8a36486d13c-newimage.jpg"
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2pjy0u | microwave popcorn | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pjy0u/eli5_microwave_popcorn/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"This question has already been asked and answered. Check these out!\n\n_URL_2_\n\n_URL_1_\n\n_URL_0_"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/15rkyi/why_do_the_first_popcorn_kernels_to_pop_not_burn/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2e5uuh/eli5_why_is_it_that_if_you_cook_popcorn_for_20/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hu2lj/eli5when_i_make_microwa... | ||
fddpd7 | Has a write-in canidate ever won a somewhat major election in the USA? If so, what was the aftermath of it? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fddpd7/has_a_writein_canidate_ever_won_a_somewhat_major/ | {
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"text": [
"There are two high profile examples of this both in the Senate. Both involved cases in which the candidate in question was unusually prominent. \n\nStrom Thurmond won election to the Senate from South Carolina in 1954 after failing to receive th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1rvqha | How can Youtube detect when copyrighted music is used in a video? | The only way I can think of, comparing audio samples with every single copyrighted track there is, seems far too difficult/expensive for them to do every time. How do they do it, especially when it's only part of a song? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rvqha/how_can_youtube_detect_when_copyrighted_music_is/ | {
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"text": [
"Keep in mind that the algorithm is not perfect as Youtube fails to catch many things that are copyrighted. I am not familiar with Youtube's specific algorithm (it is probably a trade secret) but high volume processes like t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
8ap9yr | Why is it harder to drink when we're no longer thirsty? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8ap9yr/why_is_it_harder_to_drink_when_were_no_longer/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
" > When overdrinking, we identified increased activation in the motor cortices presumably required to drink additional water. Of the possible explanations for the origin of this increased activation, there may be a common factor. We propose that ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3986125/"
]
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n9e3f | can someone please explain to me what this sentence means? | Someone I know posted this as their FB status asking what it means? I know it's from his field of study which is IT.
"An organised collection of your house, neighbour's house, friend's house, etc. is perhaps the same as the idea proposed by the idealised models, in modelling perspective ONLY - i.e. an association or ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/n9e3f/eli5_can_someone_please_explain_to_me_what_this/ | {
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"text": [
"Is this semiotics?",
"Your neighbor's house etc are similar to the perfect models but only in abstract modelling terms, which are strictly in the world of model terms. \n\nThen... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
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68qv6i | how do elected military positions work in the us? like surgeon-generals? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/68qv6i/eli5_how_do_elected_military_positions_work_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"So the Surgeon General isn't actually a military position, just like the Attorney General. The Surgeon General is just one of the top doctors in the US and is a Cabinet-level position.",
"The Surgeon General is an appoin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3tk38f | How much land/wealth would a 'mid-range' noble in 16th century Western Europe own? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3tk38f/how_much_landwealth_would_a_midrange_noble_in/ | {
"a_id": [
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"The 16th century is tricky, as far as determining how much land/wealth, a mid-range noble in England might have.\n\nThis is because the system of feudal land holdings was breaking down.\n\nThe statute *Quia Emptores*, in 1290 prohibited new feuda... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/367/367-03.htm"
]
] | ||
3pl7to | why is auto correct on my phone less accurate when i'm typing with caps lock on? | Auto correct is pretty good with adding apostrophes and being able to predict what words I want to type when I'm typing normally. However once caps lock is on and I try to type quickly I get little to no suggestions or corrections and it renders useless. Why does using caps lock make this feature operate differently? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3pl7to/eli5_why_is_auto_correct_on_my_phone_less/ | {
"a_id": [
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"When you turn on Caps Lock, there's a good chance that you are typing an acronym. Most acronyms aren't recognizable English words, but people don't like it when they get changed, so it makes sense for auto-correct to do little or no suggestions w... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3hhzls | If viruses aren't alive, how is it that they lose their ability to infect you after a few hours sitting on a surface? Do they dry out? Unfold? | I have a terrible cold. Really, it's one for the record books. The [UK NHS](_URL_0_) says that the cold virus can survive on surfaces for as long as 7 days, but that they lose most of their ability to cause an infection within 24 hours. I would hate for other people to get this nasty bug; how long should I quarantine m... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3hhzls/if_viruses_arent_alive_how_is_it_that_they_lose/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu8bofu"
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"text": [
"When we say something is alive, we are getting into a discussion about what we should classify as living based on our predetermined criteria of what life has to be able to do. A virus is able to reproduce with the aid of a host, but outside of it... | [] | [
"http://www.nhs.uk/chq/pages/how-long-do-bacteria-and-viruses-live-outside-the-body.aspx"
] | [
[]
] | |
1e0956 | why the hair on our arms and neck stand up when we are cold or scared. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1e0956/eli5_why_the_hair_on_our_arms_and_neck_stand_up/ | {
"a_id": [
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8
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"text": [
"It's an old survival mechanism to make you look bigger, since we have no thick fur or hair or anything it doesn't really make a difference. If we had that then all of it standing up at once would maybe scare predators away b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1uk4va | federal income tax. mandatory or not? why is there confusion over whether it is mandatory or not? | A post I saw on my Facebook news feed prompted me to ask this question. Once and for all, is federal income tax mandatory? If yes, why do people think it is not? If not, why do people think it is?
EDIT: For the sake of clarity, I'm referring to the United States here. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1uk4va/eli5_federal_income_tax_mandatory_or_not_why_is/ | {
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"text": [
"Mandatory. Some confused people think it is not because it isn't specifically written into the constitution. They are wrong. ",
"Yes, it is mandatory. Som... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.snopes.com/business/taxes/voluntary.asp"
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[]
] | |
1e20li | How do insects survive a barrage of chemicals, that to scale might kill a human? | We have specific sprays designed to instantly kill insects, but when I spray an insect, specifically a spider, with an aerosol air freshener, why does it easily shrug off the massive cloud of chemicals around it?
I am assuming if such a can of aerosol freshener could be scaled up to size (if the spider was about the s... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1e20li/how_do_insects_survive_a_barrage_of_chemicals/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9w3fmx"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"\"Chemicals\" isn't a class of substances that is harmful to _everything_. Different substances have different toxicities to different species."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1omt38 | Why and how did the concept of a nation develop? | How were people able to suddenly govern swathes of land from a distance, where in the past it had been small localised city states at most? Wouldn't the local inhabitants have resented this rule and opposed it?
In addition to this (on a slightly-related tangent) how were colonies treated in terms of political status... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1omt38/why_and_how_did_the_concept_of_a_nation_develop/ | {
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"cctiahs"
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"The concept of nation is complex one itself. What makes me X and you Y? And why do we think that we need to define ourselves as X or Y? In terms of how we identify our own nationalities it comes down to how does the individual identify themselves... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
10x3mc | What do serious historians think of "Godwin's Law"? Are all conceivable comparisons of current events to Nazi Germany automatically invalid? Does popular acceptance of "Godwin's Law" mean that we think nothing like the Third Reich can ever happen again? | Just wondering. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/10x3mc/what_do_serious_historians_think_of_godwins_law/ | {
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"text": [
"Godwins law:\n\n > As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1\n\nIt... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1h0srl | If there are + and - charged particles could there be × and ÷ charged ones? | Perhaps these make up dark matter and we haven't found them because no one's looking for them? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1h0srl/if_there_are_and_charged_particles_could_there_be/ | {
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"+ and - are just arbitrary symbols we give to differentiate between the two types of electrical charge that we observe. So far there is no evidence for any other kind of electr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_mass",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyonic_field"
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[],
[]
] | |
5ys3w2 | why is it so popular to drink beverages using a straw in us? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ys3w2/eli5_why_is_it_so_popular_to_drink_beverages/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Have you used a straw?\n\nIt is fun. \n\nYou can drink more easily and more quickly. \n\nWe put ice in our drinks and straws make drinking that easier. \n\nGlasses are colder because of all the ice and straw allows you to drink without your hands... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4kafmw | How have the type and scale of human diseases changed as humans transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to settled? | One of the salient points made by Jared Diamond in his (sometimes reviled) *Guns, Germs, and Steel* is that humans living in close proximity to livestock will develop, over generations, better immunity to the diseases this practice encourages. In contrast, when more nomadic and less agriculturally inclined populations ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4kafmw/how_have_the_type_and_scale_of_human_diseases/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"These questions are more suited to one of the anthropology or evolutionary biology subreddits, but I’ll attempt a brief answer.\n\nThe patterns of human disease have indeed changed since people settled down. Some of the more important reasons inc... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
wu2jx | What does the fetus experience when a pregnant woman has an orgasm? Any long-term effects? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/wu2jx/what_does_the_fetus_experience_when_a_pregnant/ | {
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"text": [
"[This 1986 paper reports:](_URL_1_)\n > Increased uterine activity and a variety of fetal heart rate changes, some of which are traditionally identified as ominous, were seen in ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/986321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3825526"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
s1l6s | Why does footage from high-speed cameras look darker? | Whenever I see something filmed in high speed there is always significant extra lighting on the set, they are outdoors, or the shot looks quite a bit darker. Some quick Googling didn't reveal much so I ask you, what causes this? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s1l6s/why_does_footage_from_highspeed_cameras_look/ | {
"a_id": [
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"To take a picture, you need light. How much light you need depends on a lot of things but one of these is how long it takes to make the picture. if you halve the time to take the picture, you need twice the light to get the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
d0bnhc | How did Darius I really take power? | So, I'm an amateur who is currently reading Herodotus as my first step in my burgeoning classical history hobby, and I'm curious to understand if modern historians have a different understanding of how the line of Cyrus came to an end and how Darius ended up taking power. I know that there'd necessarily be a lot of con... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/d0bnhc/how_did_darius_i_really_take_power/ | {
"a_id": [
"ez9tm4g"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"See [this](_URL_0_) essay by me and the discussion that follows it. Feel free to ask any followup questions!"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://old.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/aalg06/saturday_showcase_december_29_2018/ect5i9w/"
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8np84z | why is charcoal white when hot but black when cooled? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8np84z/eli5_why_is_charcoal_white_when_hot_but_black/ | {
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"text": [
"It doesn't change color due to heat, it turns white/gray as the charcoal burns and turns to ash. If you look at a charcoal pile after it's burnt out and cool enough to touch, it stays white/gray",
"The white stuff that’... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bn5vmx | Lithuania is noted as the last major European nation to convert to Christianity. Was there any similar case of a Powerful Pagan/polytheistic people holding out in the Islamic world? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bn5vmx/lithuania_is_noted_as_the_last_major_european/ | {
"a_id": [
"en35t5k"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I find your question a little ambiguous. The definition of 'Islamic world' and 'powerful polytheistic people' can vary. \n\nAnyhow, I will answer this to the best of my ability. \n\nIndia, particularly North India, was very much under Islamic rul... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2aywfe | why does the usps use jeeps to deliver mail? | Jeeps are notorious for high gas costs, and frequent maintenence, so why does the USPS use them? Isn't there a cheaper alternative?
Edit: cheeper | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2aywfe/eli5_why_does_the_usps_use_jeeps_to_deliver_mail/ | {
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"If you look carefully, those Jeeps have the postal worker drive on the right side. I'm sure at the time, the USPS was trying to find a car manufacturer that could cheaply provide an efficient car with ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_LLV"
]
] | |
9b06ep | How many vertebrates are there on earth? | I'm trying to find an estimate of the total number of vertebrate animals on earth--not species, but population of individual vertebrates.
I can only find various sources (^1,2) that estimate subsets of vertebrates (for instance, livestock chickens is estimated to be 19.6 billion alone)^3, and many more that get into ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9b06ep/how_many_vertebrates_are_there_on_earth/ | {
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"text": [
"Most vertebrates are fish. There are [3.5 trillion fish](_URL_0_) in the oceans. Against that, even chickens are just a rounding error.",
"The number of vertebrates is probably pretty close to the number of *Cyclothone*... | [] | [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_organisms_by_population",
"https://www.fastcompany.com/3031945/a-massive-global-map-of-where-all-the-cattle-pigs-and-other-livestock-live",
"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/11/03/141946751/along-with-humans-who-else-is-in-the-7-billion-club"
] | [
[
"https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-many-fish-are-there-in-the-ocean.html"
],
[
"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/30/science/bristlemouth-ocean-deep-sea-cyclothone.html"
]
] | |
atmwy6 | Do we name the muscles and bones of other species? | For example, every human muscle and bone that has been discovered has a name, like quadriceps, pectorials, ulna, etc. Do we do the same for other species? Obviously different species have different muscles and bones than we do. So do dogs have quadriceps, or just thighs? Do cows have an ulna, or just a front forearm? E... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/atmwy6/do_we_name_the_muscles_and_bones_of_other_species/ | {
"a_id": [
"eh4kofi"
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"text": [
"Yes. When describing other species anatomy there is a corresponding naming scheme for their body parts. All vertebrates share the same basic blue print, so in this case both we and a cow and a dog have an ulna. There are description of species-sp... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6f4jm1 | how do choreographers write out choreography? | Musicians have a notation that they use to write out their music, is there an equivalent for choreographers? How do they keep track of all of the details of the movements that they want to incorporate into their dance? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6f4jm1/eli5_how_do_choreographers_write_out_choreography/ | {
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"text": [
"It's a sheet with the specific cues/times, the actions, the notes, and a space for drawings or photos to go. Known dance patterns can be called by name, and dancers are drilled to go to specific locations, as written on the ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://kellylasley.com/uploads/2/8/3/5/2835519/2976682.jpg?529"
],
[
"https://ballethub.com/ballet-terms-dictionary/",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labanotation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_notation"
]
] |
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