q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
37f24g | Were there counter-cultural movements in antiquity? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/37f24g/were_there_countercultural_movements_in_antiquity/ | {
"a_id": [
"crmjv95"
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"text": [
"The Holy Fools movement in late antiquity (present-day Syria) reminded me of the French situationists when I read about it. It was a Christian movement in which men would ignore social taboos and norms and engage in the most absurd behavior possi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
30a0h1 | why do the darker green parts of lettuce seem to wilt/age faster than the lighter green portions | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30a0h1/eli5_why_do_the_darker_green_parts_of_lettuce/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpqkele"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"The lighter sections are the regions closer to the stalk that contain more water and are of a more rigid, fibrous composition. The leaves wilt when they become dehydrated. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
85tkel | why have photocopiers not improved like digital photography? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/85tkel/eli5_why_have_photocopiers_not_improved_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"dvzxs0d"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"perhaps the copier was dirty, or maybe the source doc was blemished?\n\na scanner can do upwards of 9600DPI for high end consumer units. that would produce a scan that would exceed the source detail of pretty much anything you could imagine...\n... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
su4tc | question regarding planets and gravity. specifically earth...does its mass increase over time from meteors and if so won't that eventually pull the moon into earth? | So I realize that most meteors are basically very tiny (relative to the Earth) and individually are unlikely to significantly affect the Earth's mass. But since they've been hitting the earth for a very long time now wouldn't that slowly increase the mass of the earth? If so, wouldn't that then increase its gravity? An... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/su4tc/question_regarding_planets_and_gravity/ | {
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"c4h0f8z",
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2,
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"text": [
"The masses required to have any measurable effect would be really high! So I wouldn't expect meteorites to have any effect on the gravitational system of the earth and moon. Also... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1oukh4 | why are tv series produced and aired in seasons, instead of a more continuous way? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1oukh4/eli5_why_are_tv_series_produced_and_aired_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccvr80d"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The people involved in the production like to have some time off. Soaps do more or less what you describe, and it's generally considered pretty stressful. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
20r4z9 | Why do many types of cancer metastasize throughout the lymph nodes? | What makes lymph nodes so special? Do any types of cancer develop into leukemia instead, ie instead of attacking/spreading through lymph attack/spread through blood? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/20r4z9/why_do_many_types_of_cancer_metastasize/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg66tld",
"cg6tdpb"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Lymphatics are drainage system that \"leech\" off of the circulatory system so to speak. So it isn't surprising that if we have a cancerous tumor - which by the way tend to much less stable and far [\"leakier\"](_URL_0_) - i... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1876882/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459485/"
],
[]
] | |
2yf1ju | Why was Roman culture a big influence on the Nazi? | Like with the roman salute they have and the Aquila's they have during the ceremonial march, or other aspects of their military and Ideology. Why was Roman culture prominent with them? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2yf1ju/why_was_roman_culture_a_big_influence_on_the_nazi/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp976pr",
"cp99n3a"
],
"score": [
21,
3
],
"text": [
"Won't do a long writeup, i'm not an expert in Roman history or Fascism in particular, but I believe it's more of a connection with Fascism in general than just the Nazi's in particular. Mussolini was in love with the Roman ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasces"
],
[]
] | |
1e6a90 | What can you tell me about daily life and relationships between paupers in later Victorian workhouses? | I'm very interested to know what degree of social interaction was possible between paupers in a workhouse. I'd love to here some specifics about their daily life, as well. What did it consist of? Exactly how much freedom did they have? What circumstances might surround someone leaving one of these workhouses?
(after 1... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1e6a90/what_can_you_tell_me_about_daily_life_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9x8y8z"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There are lots of [primary sources to be found on _URL_1_](_URL_0_).\n\nShort summary: life was pretty grim and for most people the workhouse was the absolute last resort, after pawning all their belongings, most of their clothes and exhausting a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.victorianlondon.org/houses/workhouses.htm",
"VictorianLondon.org"
]
] | |
2o8207 | what would happen if every country in the world suddenly started using the same currency? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2o8207/eli5what_would_happen_if_every_country_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmkmokh",
"cmkmrix",
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"score": [
2,
64,
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"text": [
"There is no way to answer this question without knowing what controls the currency and the conditions of that control. Without that information, the question is meaningless.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard"
]
] | ||
1pw410 | Just how upstanding an individual was Garibaldi? | I came across a description of Garibaldi by A.J.P. Taylor, where he calls the Italian hero **"the only wholly admirable figure in modern history."**
Now needless to say, I'm inclined to dismiss such a sweeping statement as either intentional hyperbole, or else hagiographic hogwash, but Taylor seems to have been an at ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pw410/just_how_upstanding_an_individual_was_garibaldi/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd6r8ea"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Garibaldi and the Italian unification is a little before my area of expertise, so I apologize as this won't be the highest quality of answers. However, there is a relevant characteristic of Garibaldi that I know of, which may shed some light on h... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7pulmt | Why are some cell types more likely to be attacked by autoimmune diseases than others? | For example pancreatic beta cells are attacked in type I diabetes but you never hear about pancreatic alpha cells being attacked and causing glucagon deficiency. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7pulmt/why_are_some_cell_types_more_likely_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"dsmxn4e"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's pretty complicated but generally I'd say it depends on how easy it is for that cell type's antigen to be processed and presented to the immune system in relative to others, the propensity for the body to fail selecting T cells with proper MH... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1cahyf | what exactly did tiger woods do at the masters that's causing such a fuss? | Some are saying he cheated and should be DQed. And I don't know any of the rules in golf, though I think low scorer wins. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1cahyf/eli5_what_exactly_did_tiger_woods_do_at_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9elw36"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"He took an illegal drop. \n\nIn golf, if your ball encounters some sort of hazard and cannot be played, you have to drop your ball nearby. However, there are very strict rules about where you can drop it, how far away you can drop it, which direc... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1uhyvl | why do black and white photos tend to be more creepy than colored ones? | Whenever I look at a black and white photo compared to a colored one, I get more of a cringe looking at the black and white one. There is something about them that is creepy.
Example- _URL_0_
This wouldn't be as creepy if it was in color. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1uhyvl/eli5_why_do_black_and_white_photos_tend_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"cei9wqo",
"ceia10v"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"To me, I think it is because we SEE in color. If we look at a picture that has no color, only black and white, it causes a sense of mystery and for most people that is interpreted as creepiness/scariness. ",
"That partic... | [] | [
"http://www.romania-insider.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/creepy-animaton-1024x682.jpg"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2mux4l | When and how did black become the most popular color for European men's formal wear? | In the early 19th century, it seems like black is almost exclusively worn by Protestant priests, whereas the worldly formal attire seemed rather liberal and colorful, but at the eve of the century, it seems like it's one of the most, if not *the* most popular color for formal attire. How and why did this happen? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2mux4l/when_and_how_did_black_become_the_most_popular/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm7utrx"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"This one is not too hard actually. It was largely due to developments in the chemicals industries. These developments provided two things, firstly, the dyes themselves became brighter due to being produced in an artificial and more concentrated... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
13whtl | i don't know what it's called so i'll just put a picture of it in the text. how does this work? | I don't understand [this](_URL_0_) at all. What makes your brain change the colors to what they would normally be? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13whtl/i_dont_know_what_its_called_so_ill_just_put_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"c77si3b",
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],
"score": [
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"That's called a negative, by the way. Basically what that means is that all the colors have been 100% reversed - white is black, black is white. While you stare at it, your brain is doing something call... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/Y244y.jpg"
] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2ct2z5 | How serious was the nuclear option considered by the Israeli government during the Yom Kippur War? | I was reading that their consideration of this option was what lead to the USA re-suppling the Israeli's in Operation Nickel Grass. I was wondering how seriously they considered this option and if it was more of a bluff? How much is known on the subject vs speculation? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ct2z5/how_serious_was_the_nuclear_option_considered_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjipcub",
"cjiuu3b"
],
"score": [
2,
9
],
"text": [
"I should follow up and ask where the specific targets would have been if it was a serious consideration?",
"There's some question regarding the entire premise - apparently no one can really prove they were arming their w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/6909/israel-nuclear-weapons-and-the-1973-yom-kippur-war",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_Option"
]
] | |
fpifrd | the technology/algorithms behind aim-botting in an fps. | So I get that someone can cause their character to aim at another character but the question is more along the lines of how it works?
Is it an X,Y axis on the user’s screen and the aim bot detects the enemy on that plain and just moves the user’s cursor to that X,Y coordinate? Or is it more along the lines of detecti... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fpifrd/eli5_the_technologyalgorithms_behind_aimbotting/ | {
"a_id": [
"fll8e90"
],
"score": [
16
],
"text": [
" It's more manipulation of a game engine than math. Each entity has an id, aimbots simply track the id and location and calculates where to put the sight based off how the engine handles physics. This is why each aimbot is programmed per game.... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1pxqqn | What's the case FOR the Holy Roman Empire as the "true successor" to Rome? | Even if it's not a particularly strong one. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pxqqn/whats_the_case_for_the_holy_roman_empire_as_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd77eh9"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nBasically the idea that imperial power could be inherited by other rulers.\n\nThis wasn't just a trick. Jesus said \"render unto Caesar\" not \"render unto any random king\" i.e. Christians saw Roman imperial rule as the only truly leg... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translatio_imperii"
]
] | |
5rgx3k | how light pollution works, and would the stars appear straight away if we turned the lights off on the entire globe? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5rgx3k/eli5_how_light_pollution_works_and_would_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dd74eay",
"dd770xu",
"dd7d6qw",
"dd7g8lk"
],
"score": [
3,
5,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"The air has lots of microscopic particles floating about in it. Light from sources on the ground may reflect off these particles back towards the ground, thus more light from the g... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3k0muk | Did Stalin's ruthless killings apply towards children? | He sent people to the Gulag and executed people without much regard but, did this apply towards children too? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3k0muk/did_stalins_ruthless_killings_apply_towards/ | {
"a_id": [
"cuuth2n"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
" In 1935, Article 12 of the Criminal Code was passed where kids of the age of 12, most of whom were orphans, street urchins, runaways, or kids that were arrested alongside with their parents were to be tried as Adults and sent to Gula... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://hepg.org/her-home/issues/harvard-educational-review-volume-80-issue-2/herbooknote/children-of-the-gulag_354"
]
] | |
amn45y | Are there "anti" particles of the other forces? | Antimatter is a particle that is identical but has opposite electromagnetic charge. Is their any equivalent that has opposite weak force or strong force? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/amn45y/are_there_anti_particles_of_the_other_forces/ | {
"a_id": [
"efntov8",
"efp1oor"
],
"score": [
10,
4
],
"text": [
"The photon, gluons, and the Z boson are their own antiparticles. The W^(+/-) are each others’.",
" > Antimatter is a particle that is identical but has opposite electromagnetic charge.\n\nAll quantum numbers are invert... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3v9qxr | Where medieval peasant men really 'lucky to marry before middle age'? | I'm reading The Red Queen by Matt Ridley, which is about evolutionary psychology and sexual selection.
There are quite a few bits in the book about more recent history (in evolutionary terms), which basically say that rich men (nobles and the like) in the middle ages and other times had more or less all the women (pe... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3v9qxr/where_medieval_peasant_men_really_lucky_to_marry/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxlmqvc",
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"score": [
653,
3,
4
],
"text": [
" > I'm reading The Red Queen by Matt Ridley, which is about evolutionary psychology and sexual selection.\n\nAnd apparently not at all about the actual Middle Ages.\n\n[I've talked before](_URL_0_) a... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://redd.it/3pafst"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1lv3v8 | As automobiles became more prevalent, how was the general public informed of traffic laws? | For instance, as traffic lights became necessary, how were people made aware of the red/yellow/green conventions? Were the meanings of these colors already well known from other uses? I imagine that once driver's licenses became mandatory, rules of the road would be taught and learned by the time someone was granted a ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1lv3v8/as_automobiles_became_more_prevalent_how_was_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc38rfz"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Informational signage, newspaper stories, automobile club newsletters."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3hsyd3 | When considering objects accelerating or moving in space, is there any consideration for drag? | I'm a pilot so I understand how drag affects an aircraft- but from what we obviously know, space is not empty (dust, objects, etc). It would make sense that an object moving through space will interact with objects in it's path. Is there a variable that calculates the drag/vector changes that a spacecraft would encount... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3hsyd3/when_considering_objects_accelerating_or_moving/ | {
"a_id": [
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95,
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15,
3
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"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nAt least for the pioneer anomaly they considered every possible cause\n\nFor object in low orbit such as iss they have to do corrective maneuver... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_anomaly"
],
[
"https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/k2_explained_25nov_story.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_sail"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
rjz9o | Why can't we vaccinate for STDs? | As a youth we are given many vaccinations (Polio, Mumps, Measles, Hepatitis, etc.) that prevent us from getting diseases later in life; why can't we do the same for things like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Herpes, and other sexually transmitted diseases? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rjz9o/why_cant_we_vaccinate_for_stds/ | {
"a_id": [
"c46fnzg",
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"c46nxh4"
],
"score": [
121,
55,
36,
6,
4,
18,
3,
2,
2,
7
],
"text": [
"We can now use the [Gardasil vaccine](_URL_... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardasil"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia",
"http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110916/full/news.2011.541.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
90sjln | why do things like colored balloons and stained glass have colored shadows? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/90sjln/eli5_why_do_things_like_colored_balloons_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2ssxgy"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"They act as filters. The reason they appear colored is because they're only letting through light of that wavelength(s).\n\nTranslucent objects still cast shadows. They're just not as dark as shadows from opaque objects.\n\nSo the only light that... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
46wtk5 | how did the ligo detector avoid data errors from things like heat expansion and seismic waves? | The accuracy of the device was accurate to within 1/10,000 the diameter of a proton, something I thought was impossible for humans to accomplish. How did they keep those lasers in phase so well while the tunnels would experience natural changes due to heat expansion and waves already affecting Earth? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46wtk5/eli5_how_did_the_ligo_detector_avoid_data_errors/ | {
"a_id": [
"d08f1ox"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They can't avoid those things. They took them into account. For example, at the time of the detection there was an earthquake in Africa. They did the calculations and based on the strength of the earthquake determined it couldn't have caused the ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f23jiu | how is the structural integrity of very old buildings, bridges, etc. tested to ensure suitable use by people, cars, etc? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f23jiu/eli5_how_is_the_structural_integrity_of_very_old/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhaa6yq",
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"fhapfq3",
"fhar2im"
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1542,
23,
10,
4,
3
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"text": [
"Civil engineer here. For old buildings, if they have the architectural plans then they can usually derive all the mathematical info they need and account... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2gaa77 | why are some replacement parts for electronics (i.e. laptops) nearly as expensive as the whole unit? | My customer bought a new 300 euro laptop and immediately broke the screen, the official supplier offers my shop an original replacement screen for 280 euros.
That's the price for the screen only, without tax, installation and my shop's markup, so it's price for the end user would be higher than buying an identical new... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2gaa77/eli5why_are_some_replacement_parts_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckh4gm2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Bulk manufacturing pricing. They buy 10,000 screens from a suppler. That drives per unit costs down. You need to buy one, no incentive for them. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1i2l2u | What do we really know about the Хүннү (Xiongnu) Empire? | The reason I ask is because apparently we're celebrating the 2222th anniversary of Mongolian Statehood, which is a claim deriving back to the Хүннү state. I'm wondering whether there's someone knowledgeable in the field who can give a bit of a state-of-research summary, beyond the (quite well-sourced) [wikipedia page](... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1i2l2u/what_do_we_really_know_about_the_хүннү_xiongnu/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb0dv6d"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It is really a ridiculous claim by the Mongol nation. Mongol identity was forged in steppe memory through the conquests of Ghenghis Khan and his followers. Certainly the Mongols can claim some ethnic unity that stretches back further than the 12t... | [] | [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu"
] | [
[]
] | |
2yj0b2 | Is there a precedent to the letter the Senate just sent to Iran? Has Congress ever undermined a President's diplomatic efforts? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2yj0b2/is_there_a_precedent_to_the_letter_the_senate/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp9z91w",
"cpadtca",
"cpaefn6",
"cpajjx2"
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"score": [
18,
14,
16,
3
],
"text": [
"hi all! Just a reminder to contain all discussion in this thread to events prior to 1995 only, per this subreddit's 20-year rule. Thx!",
"The main one I've been able to find... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
brg6wi | in the united states is every last digital dollar backed up by a paper noted currency? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/brg6wi/eli5_in_the_united_states_is_every_last_digital/ | {
"a_id": [
"eodjoq1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"No, very little U.S. currency is actually backed by paper notes. Something like 10%. [According to this](_URL_0_), there is about $10 trillion in wealth held in cash or cash equivalents, but money supply is about $980B"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.independent.com/2011/09/25/How-Much-Money-Is-There-United-States/"
]
] | ||
2fx4ao | why are russian nuclear bombers allowed to fly so close to the united states (and vice versa)? in the event of an actual attack, wouldn't it be already to late to stop the bomber once it launches its cruise missiles or goes on its bombing run? | The bombers usually fly very close (but not technically violating U.S. airspace). Wouldn't the optimal time to stop them be when the bombers are still traveling the distance between Russia and the contiguous U.S.? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2fx4ao/eli5_why_are_russian_nuclear_bombers_allowed_to/ | {
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"Russia still has planes flying around? I didn't think they did that anymore.\n\nThey are carefully watched and the airforce will have planes handy to scramble and stop them if need be. We cannot force them out of flying wh... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1odyu4 | What was "college life" like in the 14th century? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1odyu4/what_was_college_life_like_in_the_14th_century/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In \"The Canterbury Tales,\" Chaucer describes an Oxford student as introverted and caring for little more than his studies.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nEDIT: Another student is described in \"The Miller's Tale.\" This fellow Nicholas wo... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.eecg.toronto.edu/~laforest/ChaucerGradStudent.html",
"http://www.librarius.com/canttran/milltale/milltale079-112.htm"
],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1eh8bf/how_exactly_would_one_a_enter_and_b_attain_a/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ewzjd/h... | ||
9cqb0r | How does your body process humid air? Do your lungs extract the water and use it as water is normally used in the body? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9cqb0r/how_does_your_body_process_humid_air_do_your/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Our lungs actually humidify the air we breathe, warming it and making it easier on our lungs (that's why dry air sucks, especially when it's hot) extra humid air, like in a steam room will help remove gunk built up in our lungs.\n\nI can only spe... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
kzpmi | deduction and induction | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kzpmi/eli5_deduction_and_induction/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Deduction - drawing an inference from premises that, if your premises are true, must necessarily also be true. A successful deductive argument is labeled \"valid.\" If the premises of a valid deductive argument are true, th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
22wuoa | I am taking a class on the Vietnam war, however the topic of American war crimes is avoided. | As the title says, I am taking a class on the Vietnam war. I am wondering what types of war crimes the Americans (us) committed during the war. How it was concealed from the public, and what was done about it.
Edit: I can't type when I'm drunk. Thanks for your replies! | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22wuoa/i_am_taking_a_class_on_the_vietnam_war_however/ | {
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"text": [
"We'll the major war crime that got reported was obviously the my Lai massacre which was committed in 1968 which was the worst war crime ever committed by Americans in a war. I assume you do not know a ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mylai/mylai.htm"
],
[
"https://www.worldcat.org/title/war-crimes-and-the-american-conscience/oclc/101913&referer=brief_results",
"http://www.youthlaw.org/about_ncyl/staff/of_counsel/edward_opton/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Program... | |
1968xt | What is the most overlooked and underrated invention of your field of history? | (See Title) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1968xt/what_is_the_most_overlooked_and_underrated/ | {
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"In my field, the American Civil War, there are a lot of important inventions, some of which are talked about a lo... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/24/the-first-wired-president/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
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p4wcf | the different schools of economics | Keynesian, Chicago, Austrian & Marxian.. I know a bit about each, but would love it broken down 5 year old style.
Advantages/Disadvantages of each? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/p4wcf/eli5_the_different_schools_of_economics/ | {
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"text": [
"If I can ask a similar question: can anyone send me to a place to explain inflation to me? Like why its so important/necessary and so on? No idea where to look for that. I'm 21 and none of this econom... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
bi48f5 | why are knots in wood so difficult to cut and/or drill through? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bi48f5/eli5_why_are_knots_in_wood_so_difficult_to_cut/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Wood is made up of long fibers. The wood's \"grain\" is determined by the direction that these fibers point in. The direction of the grain affects how the wood feels to cut - cutting *across* the grain chops the fibers in half, whilst cutting *wi... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip_saw",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosscut_saw",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood#Knots"
]
] | ||
5yvyt9 | why does our whole arm go numb if we hit our elbow in the wrong place? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5yvyt9/eli5_why_does_our_whole_arm_go_numb_if_we_hit_our/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
31,
2
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"text": [
"Because you're hitting the ulnar nerve, which runs down the length of the arm, all the way to your ring-finger and pinky. ",
"Your nerves start at your brain and spread out from there like branches from a tree. If you c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
q6zjb | What happens to plasma after you donate it? | Well, to be frank, I know generally what happens to donated blood. However, I have no idea what happens to donated plasma, and I would like to know more about it. From what I have been reading about plasma cells, they are antibody-synthesizing cells, first and foremost. So what happens? Is donated plasma used to pass o... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/q6zjb/what_happens_to_plasma_after_you_donate_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3v8w2n",
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"text": [
"Blood plasma is different from plasma cells. Blood plasma is what you get when you remove the cellular components from blood. It consists mainly of water, electrolytes and proteins.\n\nBlood plasma is u... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumin",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncotic_pressure",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation#Role_in_disease",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001564/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warf... | |
g06p3g | how did the people who mummified the bodies in egypt thousands of years ago, knew that their methood will preserve the bodies for so many years? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g06p3g/eli5_how_did_the_people_who_mummified_the_bodies/ | {
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"text": [
"It was trial and error. There are some examples of badly preserved mummies. The Egyptians used trial and error to build pyramids also. There are some really shoddy attempts.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/time/explore/mum.html"
],
[]
] | ||
2im896 | how is it that so many guitar makers can manufacture guitars that look identical to fender stratocasters, fender telecasters and gibson les pauls without being sued? did fender and gibson not patent those designs/models? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2im896/eli5_how_is_it_that_so_many_guitar_makers_can/ | {
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"text": [
"That's correct. By the time Fender, for instance, got around to applying to make its guitar body shapes a trademark, the courts rejected the application on the grounds that no-one buying a guitar could tell it was a Fender f... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?pno=91161403&pty=OPP&eno=246",
"http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/05a0387p-06.pdf"
],
[]
] | ||
66z4w9 | why aren't clear gun magazines more common in the military? | Don't you want to see how many bullets you have? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66z4w9/eli5_why_arent_clear_gun_magazines_more_common_in/ | {
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"score": [
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6
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"text": [
"Metal is more durable than whatever plastic you would make the magazine out of. It's stronger and dents instead of cracks. Also you can just have a slit in the side to see the bullets.",
"The plasti... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
jr8qg | can someone explain the uae to me? | How does it have so much money, princes and palaces? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jr8qg/can_someone_explain_the_uae_to_me/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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8
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"text": [
"It's a small country on the Arabian Peninsula, about the size of Austria.\n\nThough much of the Arabian Peninsula is desert and most of that is controlled by Saudi Arabia, most of it is also unpopulated.\n\nIt's a different ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3qdg1s | how does electricity work in big bodies of water e.g. if lighting hits the ocean will it hurt you in the water, if so how far does the danger extend in the water? | My title doesnt make much sense and im sorry i dont really know how to word the question im trying to ask if you put an eletric current in the ocean e.g. how far will that current travel? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3qdg1s/eli5_how_does_electricity_work_in_big_bodies_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwe8hcl",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I think this is like the 5th time questions similar to this have been asked tonight, is there some publication that came out talking about this?\n\nWater is a fairly good conductor and, like most good conductors, most of the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1vves2 | how does the google authenticator work? | I've been using it for a while to authenticate with Google itself, but I've now just added another site to it and I'm intrigued. How does it work?
_URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vves2/eli5_how_does_the_google_authenticator_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"cewafib"
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"text": [
"First off, there's a security construct known as a MAC, message authentication code. It's basically a way to verify that a given message is both correct (verified, nothing lost or altered) and who it came from (authentic). What is a message? It c... | [] | [
"http://i.imgur.com/M1ZzGOX.png"
] | [
[]
] | |
249jyg | Did Egyptians consider Augustus (and subsequent emperors) a Pharaoh? | I've read that the son of Cleopatra was the last Pharaoh, but I've also seen pictures of Roman emperors dressed as Pharaoh. Weren't they "real" Pharaoh? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/249jyg/did_egyptians_consider_augustus_and_subsequent/ | {
"a_id": [
"ch50u3o",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"What pictures? Could you show some?",
"Could the pictures have been Greek rulers dressed as pharaohs? There was, of course, the Ptolemaic dynasty that ended with Rome's effective conquest of Egypt in the Alexandrine Wa... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com.es/2010/04/roman-emperor-augustus-named-as.html#.U1--m61-RQo"
]
] | |
nv8ed | Does breathing through my shirt actually help protect me from illness when there's a sick person nearby? | Just got off a plane; was sitting next to a rather sick young fellow. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nv8ed/does_breathing_through_my_shirt_actually_help/ | {
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"text": [
"No, not really. Typical shirt fabrics have relatively low thread counts (200-300) at best... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://aem.asm.org/content/62/7/2508.abstract?ijkey=503f759fb56465d3c285dceda0e4e865f0161b2d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha",
"http://mbio.asm.org/content/1/1/e00034-10.full"
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[],
[],
[],
[
"http://aem.asm.org/content/62/7/2508.abstract?ijkey=503f759fb56465d3c285dceda0e4e865f0... | |
3hz4lw | why are all the planets sperical? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hz4lw/eli5_why_are_all_the_planets_sperical/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Gravity works in all directions, and everything pulls on everything else. Stuff bunches up and tends to move toward the center.\n\nEven if a planet just magically popped into existence shaped like a pyramid or cube, the sharp edges and pointy bit... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3z597l | In medieval warfare, how were catapults, trebuchet sand their stones/boulders/ammunition transported? How much did they slow an army down by? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3z597l/in_medieval_warfare_how_were_catapults_trebuchet/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyjhxmb",
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"score": [
75,
17
],
"text": [
"Follow up. I also heard that many armies built the catapults on site. Is that true?",
"I'm not a historian, I just study history a bit.\n\nThe introduction of these Asian engines in Europe an in England was a big deal,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://illumin.usc.edu/140/the-trebuchet/",
"https://books.google.com/books?id=1mXVBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA289&lpg=PA289&dq=medieval+trebuchet+stone+making+for+ammo&source=bl&ots=Htz3FNM3FY&sig=gj_XQdVA0Sp1IaQxoh0Vo62hNuw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi207bOuYzKAhVBU2MKHWNUAFI4ChD... | ||
2x10zz | Is the practice of pumping bodies full of formaldehyde and then burying them bad for the environment? | I was just thinking about burials and I realized that there are millions of bodies in the ground, all full of formaldehyde. That must be TONS of formaldehyde seeping into the soil. Isn't that bad? Does it naturally degrade? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2x10zz/is_the_practice_of_pumping_bodies_full_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Formaldehyde does indeed degrade, since it's so reactive. Many nucleophiles can attack it. In humans, for instance, small amounts of formaldehyde are disposed of by glutathione, and bacteria can do the same. Formaldehyde vapor does form smog, but... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=218&tid=39"
]
] | |
1wijvg | How were wars typically fought in Ancient times? | I used to think (based entirely from what I had seen in movies) that huge armies would clash and people would hack, slash, and stab each other with swords until all of the members of one army were killed or unable to fight. But I asked one of my teachers how wars were fought and he told me that armies rarely had full o... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1wijvg/how_were_wars_typically_fought_in_ancient_times/ | {
"a_id": [
"cf2bslb"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Firstly, field battles would only make up a small percentage of the fighting in a war. Most of it would be done in sieges and assaults on cities. Let's face it, despite being fascinating and exciting, they were a huge and risky gamble of supplies... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://websfor.org/alexander/arrian/book3a.asp"
]
] | |
5a5qi0 | After a certain side won a medieval battle, what would happen to the bodies and the other army's equipment etc? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5a5qi0/after_a_certain_side_won_a_medieval_battle_what/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The victors would strip the dead of literally everything they had, take captives, and ransom every man of status who could be found. This was a routine and enormously profitable exercise, and as Roger Turvey notes, a means of balancing out some ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
43g53p | why do americans need to register for a party before they can vote for it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/43g53p/eli5_why_do_americans_need_to_register_for_a/ | {
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"text": [
"This only applies to primary or caucus elections. This is the part where there are many candidates from a single party, and the voters of that party vote to... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | ||
1j0wre | how are laws created, and why are they so difficult to change? | My daughter asked me this and I couldn't come up with a satisfactory explanation. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j0wre/eli5_how_are_laws_created_and_why_are_they_so/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm going to assume you are in the US so here's a basic overview on how it works at the state/federal level, tailored to your daughter. A member of the legislature (a group of men and women elected by the general population)... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0"
],
[]
] | |
4p21mn | why do airport code names follow no particular pattern? | Why aren't airport names just the first three letters of the name of the city in which the airport is located?
For example the name of the airport in New York is JFK, which is fine, I guess, but then the real name for IAH is George Bush Intercontinental airport. Then the name for Vancouver International airport is YV... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4p21mn/eli5why_do_airport_code_names_follow_no/ | {
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7,
3,
3,
4,
7
],
"text": [
"They used to be shortened versions of the airport name. But with only 3 letters, they started running out of codes and had to do some very arbitrary things. I... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.skygod.com/asstd/abc.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
cfadfa | To achieve the Theory of Everything we need to unify all the fundamental forces, one of which being Gravity. But why is gravity even considered as a force if it is experienced due to the curvature of spacetime. Isn't it a fictitious force? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/cfadfa/to_achieve_the_theory_of_everything_we_need_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"euc4r0k"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"It doesn't matter if you call it fictitious or not: It is an interaction, it should have some description. We have one already that works well in most situations - general relativity. But this is incompatible with the descriptions of the other in... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8cw8st | How do chemicals/hormones like dopamine cause the effects they make? | Did Biology just go "Yeah, let's make that chemical make you happy" or is there a reason to it? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8cw8st/how_do_chemicalshormones_like_dopamine_cause_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxkcbr1"
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"text": [
"We have a pretty good idea of how chemicals and hormones in the body work. The body has receptors in target tissues which respond to these chemicals and lead to desired physiological effects, that being said, because these receptors are localized... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
424xo9 | is it possible for a light source to make things darker? | Hey all,
I have a decent understanding of physics, i did it at University (years ago!). Im very confused though and I'm not sure how to explain myself here...
Is it possible for a light source to make the general room darker? I'm talking fractions here. I mean that if a room as 1 billion (theoretically just made up ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/424xo9/eli5_is_it_possible_for_a_light_source_to_make/ | {
"a_id": [
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2
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"text": [
"If you look at a laser, then yes! Well not just a laser, pretty much any light source. When 2 coherent sources' light waves overlap eachother, they can form either constructively or destructively. Constructively - the bright... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4207kq/why_is_the_area_around_where_a_laser_has_been/"
],
[]
] | |
6p24yo | How do we MEASURE sidereal rotation period of planets¿? | The period of the rotation in its axis.
How do we know the period of jupiter, Saturn....
Is it via observation or simple physics?
I haven't found anything related about HOW do we measure it. So I would really appreciate a detailed answer.
Thanks. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6p24yo/how_do_we_measure_sidereal_rotation_period_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"For all planets, we measure them through observation. Take a telescope, and you will see the rotation of Jupiter [quite easily](_URL_0_). You need a better telescope for further planets, or probes. From the observed rotation, it is trivial math ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izRld2t-Xw8"
]
] | |
104dce | At current consumption rates, what material or natural resource are we likely to "run out of" first? | And how would it effect our lives?
Of course there will always be recycling options and developments in synthetic lab creation, but let's assume the benchmark is middle-class commercial viability. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/104dce/at_current_consumption_rates_what_material_or/ | {
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"text": [
"This infographic from new scientist may be of interest.\n_URL_0_",
"The question is ill-posed because you've only fixed the consumption rate. One would have to evaluate a lot of complex economic fa... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/archive/2605/26051202.jpg"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_crisis",
"http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/themes/salinization/"
]
] | |
1fibs5 | Why didn't South Africa have a claim to Antarctica when it faces the Southern Ocean, yet Britain, France, and Norway do? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fibs5/why_didnt_south_africa_have_a_claim_to_antarctica/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The british claim is based upon their position in the Falkland Islands and South Georgia Islands, so technically they *do* have coastline facing the southern ocean (Argentina disputes this).\n\nI'm no expert, but the claims date to a period when ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1387576/How-France-helped-us-win-Falklands-war-by-John-Nott.html",
"http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Africa/article1193919.ece",
"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty",
"http://www.sanap.org.za/sanap_stations/sanap_stations.html... | ||
2hs49h | why does a seed to a fruit bear a whole plant that grow the fruit instead of just the fruit? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hs49h/eli5_why_does_a_seed_to_a_fruit_bear_a_whole/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Fruits are used as a way to coax animals into transporting and dispersing seeds for a plant to effectively reproduce. If their seeds just fell to the ground, the resulting cluster of plants would be so thick that nothing wou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
8n76wx | what causes the sudden sharp shooting pain in your chest that literally lasts for no more than 30 seconds? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8n76wx/eli5_what_causes_the_sudden_sharp_shooting_pain/ | {
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"text": [
"You need to elaborate, most people don’t get this, it could be anything from acid reflux / indigestion to a Cardiovascular issue, how often does it happen and is there anything specific you have noticed that causes it?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
dat6i9 | What's The Problem With The Word "Celtic"? | I read that Ireland and Scotland are not Celtic, that no one in either countries ever called themselves Celtic before the 18th century, but that they had interactions with Celtic people. A lot of historians even claim that "Celtic" shouldn't be used outside of referring to the language family because it creates confusi... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/dat6i9/whats_the_problem_with_the_word_celtic/ | {
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"text": [
"While it's not quite your question, I asked a question earlier this year on the similarities between Continental and Insular Celts. The excellent answers from /u/depanneur explain how there isn't m... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/am2y68/would_the_old_continental_celt_lepontic_gallatian"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1b3osl | How does epigenetics explain changes in DNA methylation caused by psychological stressors such as abuse? | This maybe a general question, but today in my molecular biology course we learned about epigenetics and the subject of abuse was brought up. I'm having trouble grasping epigentic changes in DNA methylation caused by psychological stress. If possible, I'd love links to PubMed articles and an explanation of how this det... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1b3osl/how_does_epigenetics_explain_changes_in_dna/ | {
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"text": [
"[Epigenetic regulation of stress responses in plants](_URL_2_)\n > Gene expression driven by developmental and stress cues often depends on nucleosome histone post-translational ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322310005767",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01641.x/abstract",
"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526608002069"
],
[],
[
"http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/nutrition/",... | |
1j1kj1 | Why is the "Many Worlds Interpretation" not just crazytalk? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1j1kj1/why_is_the_many_worlds_interpretation_not_just/ | {
"a_id": [
"cba6ivo"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because, when you think of it that way, it's not actually The Many-Worlds Interpretation, but a watered down, bastardized, pop-sci version of it. Unfortunately, it's the only version that the public ever hears.\n\nFrom the now deleted text of you... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.askamathematician.com/2011/11/q-according-to-the-many-worlds-interpretation-every-event-creates-new-universes-where-does-the-energy-and-matter-for-the-new-universes-come-from/",
"http://www.askamathematician.com/2010/10/q-copenhagen-or-many-worlds/",
"http://www.askamathematician.com/2012/... | ||
djnb0b | how were vhs tapes mass produced? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/djnb0b/eli5_how_were_vhs_tapes_mass_produced/ | {
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"text": [
"Pretty much the same way that you would duplicate a tape at home: Read the video from one tape, and write it onto an empty casette.\n\nHowever, they were using automated machinery for this process. Sinc... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0RM1sNs4mo"
]
] | |
284lfm | How do emergency exit row passengers typically perform in an emergency? | I'm wondering if there is any data about the performance of exit row passengers in the event of an incident on an aircraft. Generally speaking, the people who take those seats seem to be taking them for the leg room which suggest they might not be the best at the job. Is there any data available which shows how good ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/284lfm/how_do_emergency_exit_row_passengers_typically/ | {
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"text": [
"aerospace engineer who deals with cabin systems here-\n\nas a very general background, each aircraft type that is certificated as a transport category aircraft must have gone through qualifying tests with the FAA to ensure that the seats identifi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2010/AAR1003.pdf"
]
] | |
nhhmm | How massive does a spinning object on the surface of earth have to be to noticeably rob earth of its angular momentum? | In reference to [this](_URL_0_). I'm writing a science fiction short story and want it to be as hard as its content allows. How many/how big would some sort of giant spinning pendulum(s) have to be in order to slow the rotation of earth in a way that we would definitely notice.
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/nhhmm/how_massive_does_a_spinning_object_on_the_surface/ | {
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"c394vt1",
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"text": [
"After some calculations, I think you would require a sphere of lead with a radius of 1km (weighing around 4.6E13 kg) spinning at a rate of 25,000 cycles per second to rob the Earth of enough angular momentum to lengthen its ... | [] | [
"http://xkcd.com/162/"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3703z6 | why is liquor and beer cheaper when you pay cash at a lot of liquor stores? | Here in Texas, we have a Spec's liquor store and they always offer a discount when you pay with cash or debit. I was just curious as to why this is beneficial to the company vs having customers pay with a credit card. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3703z6/eli5_why_is_liquor_and_beer_cheaper_when_you_pay/ | {
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"text": [
"As a retailer, you pay the credit card companies a fee per transaction. Either a percent or a flat $0.xx fee. (with debit cards, the transaction fee is usually borne by the card holder).\nAlso there could be a delay between swiping and actually ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4psjpd | Did Stalin actually believe in Communism? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4psjpd/did_stalin_actually_believe_in_communism/ | {
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"text": [
"Stalin wrote fairly extensively on Leninism and other forms of socialism including Trotskyism and Anarchism. In these works he argued heavily for Marxism-Leninism. Stalin implemented the state seizure of the economy, both wi... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
ekoms1 | Was riding a horse while drunk illegal in the American West? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ekoms1/was_riding_a_horse_while_drunk_illegal_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"I feel like for such a simple question, there are a lot of angles you can look at this from. I am going to talk broadly about the development of DUI laws in the 19th/20th century; I do not have the knowledge to approach this with a view to talkin... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1205967/Drunk-charge-carriage-Pensioner-convicted-Victorian-law-drink-driving-disability-scooter.html"
]
] | ||
2ox17i | why wouldn't game developers make exact copies of good old games but with better graphics? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ox17i/eli5_why_wouldnt_game_developers_make_exact/ | {
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"Well thats actually something that has been happening a lot in the game industry recently. There have been quite a few remakes / remasters. This year alone we got a re-releases of... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://mmh3-hd.com"
]
] | ||
69m1xc | how do copyright laws work for the bible and other religious texts? | Also, in the modern day, where does the money from the purchase of a Bible go? Historically, when there was only the Catholic Church in Western Europe, I can understand a church monopoly on these texts but what about when more denominations were made? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/69m1xc/eli5_how_do_copyright_laws_work_for_the_bible_and/ | {
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"text": [
"The original Bible (the Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic and the New Testament in Koine Greek) is way too old to be copyrighted. Copyright only lasts until 70 years after the author's death. Many tra... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1hfary | Does climate science show that the earth's warming the last 100 years is all due to human activity, or does it show that humans have accelerated an already existing warming trend? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hfary/does_climate_science_show_that_the_earths_warming/ | {
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3
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"text": [
"Well we are at the end of an interglacial, In theory if you ignored anthropogenic sources for the last 100 years I think you would see a slight increase in te... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/figure-9-5.html"
],
[
"http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=127658"
]
] | ||
5aofy9 | how do authors make money selling books on google play for $0.01? | I was browsing the Google Play Books app on my phone and noticed that there were a few books in the "recommended for you" section that only cost 1 cent. These were novels with hundreds of 4.0+ star ratings, and ranging between 100 and 300 pages.
How are these sellers making a profit? On Amazon, it makes sense since th... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5aofy9/eli5_how_do_authors_make_money_selling_books_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"d9i2rak",
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"text": [
"you also see these on steam with games at 1 dollar or a few cents. \n\nFirst of all you have to understand that once passed to digital distribution the duplication cost is near zero (basicaly the cost of electricity) so it c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
awfsdz | What causes us to perceive someone's gaze as focused, vacant, or glazed over? | I have seen time and time again, both in literature and in conversations with people I know, people describing someone's eyes. What I mean is that I have come across phrases like "Focused gaze", "Vacant gaze", "Fearful eyes", "Eyes lighting up", "Eyes glazed over",etc. What exactly is it that causes one to perceive ano... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/awfsdz/what_causes_us_to_perceive_someones_gaze_as/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehnjs4s",
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"score": [
5,
3
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"text": [
"Good question. I wonder if it is the actual eyes that give it away, or the parts of the face surrounding it. While reading this question I tried to look \"focussed\", \"fearful\", etc., and I noticed my facial expression cha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
fz2e9g | These days I'm hearing a lot about diagnosis using pcr. My question is: once you have a lot of copies of the genetic material you want to test for, plus whatever other genomes were in the sample, how do you isolate it from the rest and identify it? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fz2e9g/these_days_im_hearing_a_lot_about_diagnosis_using/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"PCR doesn't replicate all DNA in the sample. It replicates a particular sequence you're looking for. You multiply some template sequence you're looking for over and over again (ideally something unique ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5mx68p | How does heat propagate in a vacuum if there are no particles for it to move through? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5mx68p/how_does_heat_propagate_in_a_vacuum_if_there_are/ | {
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3849,
349,
163,
10,
6,
44,
5,
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[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_heat_transfer"
],
[],
[
"http://www.thermosfacts.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/thermos-functioning.jpg"
],
[],
... | ||
evii9 | What does true silence sound like? | I'm not sure about you guys and I'm no biology expert but even in "silence" I still hear a slight tone. Are humans unable to hear true silence? Is it just me? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/evii9/what_does_true_silence_sound_like/ | {
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"text": [
"Something similar comes... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_tank"
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[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/WTF/comments/deic0/the_quietest_place_on_earth_94_db_that_negative/"
],
[],
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] | |
6v7y8t | what's the actual, non-conspiracy-theory explanation for why world trade center 7 fell? | Googling this leads me down so many rabbit holes. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6v7y8t/eli5_whats_the_actual_nonconspiracytheory/ | {
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"text": [
"It had a huge gash torn out of it by one of the other towers. That included some support structures. \n\nFurther damage from fire led ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Afb7eUHr64U",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51FIPMlrFf4"
],
[],
[]
] | |
6vbpqb | the 1939 decision of erie v. tompkins | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6vbpqb/eli5the_1939_decision_of_erie_v_tompkins/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Federal courts don't have the power to create their own \"common law\" when hearing a case under diversity jurisdiction. Instead they have to apply the relevant law of the state they sit in.\n\nSo, imagine a federal law and a state law that both ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
lexr1 | If the sun were to disappear right now, how would the planets arrange themselves ? Will we obtain some funky configuration where the planets orbit Jupiter and Saturn or will the planets simply be flung out into space ? | . | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lexr1/if_the_sun_were_to_disappear_right_now_how_would/ | {
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"text": [
"you could always buy the game Universe Sandbox off steam, take out the sun and find out yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/tIVnOh.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/cfUlAh.jpg"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/tIVnOh.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/cfUlAh.jpg"
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3524c7 | what is happening when i turn my head too quickly and get that sharp pop in my neck, followed by a painful warm tingle? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3524c7/eli5_what_is_happening_when_i_turn_my_head_too/ | {
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"text": [
"I've gotten it too - feels like you've done yourself some serious damage doesn't it?? I don't know a verified exact reason, but a fr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.healthpages.org/anatomy-function/spinal-nerves/"
],
[]
] | ||
6n14aa | what program do famous game developers use to make their games and how much time does it take? | I am very interested in this please answer in detail
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6n14aa/eli5_what_program_do_famous_game_developers_use/ | {
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"text": [
"They use a lot of programs. 343 Industries uses Maya for its modeling and texturing, Visual Studio for frame analysis and templating, Cryengine for visual scripting and 3D videos, Autodesk for project m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
9yaqvi | in american college football, why do so many quarterbacks clap to signal when to hike the ball instead of a verbal queue? | You figure that college stadiums are louder so a verbal "hike" or silent count would be better. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9yaqvi/eli5_in_american_college_football_why_do_so_many/ | {
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"text": [
"It is often so loud down on the field that anything verbal is hard to get across reliably. A good clap is louder and easier for the center to discriminate from all the other noise. Plus it provides a visual cue to the guys ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
n923e | If a child were to not EVER come in contact with another human/lifeform, how might it act? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n923e/if_a_child_were_to_not_ever_come_in_contact_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3780gp",
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"score": [
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8
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"text": [
"They're what we call [a feral child](_URL_0_) (not the most sensitive name ever). The most famous case is [Genie](_URL_1_). \n\ntl;dr human contact is very important for proper development. What's more, we have critical peri... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_child",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genie_\\(feral_child\\)"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral_child",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genie_\\(feral_child\\)"
]
] | ||
6xh1v8 | What is mAh(milli ampere hour) or Ah(Ampere hour) and how it is connected with the voltage of a batteries? | Edit :- voltages of batteries* | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6xh1v8/what_is_mahmilli_ampere_hour_or_ahampere_hour_and/ | {
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"text": [
"mAh and Ah are units of charge. They tell you how much total charge are in your batteries.\n\nCharge = Current (Charge/time) x time\n\nSo for example, 1 mAh = 3.6 Coulombs and 1 Ah = 3600 Coulombs.\n\nVoltage is basically ho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4d9pp7 | Why is the color blue so popular for jeans? | I found a bunch of info on why jeans are popular, but not why the color blue | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4d9pp7/why_is_the_color_blue_so_popular_for_jeans/ | {
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"text": [
"In *Blue Jeans: The Art of the Ordinary*, Daniel Miller and Sophie Woodward look into the cultural values of blue jeans beyond the ordinary justifications for preference given by wearers - and they find that there's no single good answer.\n\nIt's... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2w077q | why are there technically two china's | Basically the title but to explain more, why is there a Republic of China and a Peoples Republic of China and why isn't there just one full china. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2w077q/eli5_why_are_there_technically_two_chinas/ | {
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8
],
"text": [
"China had a civil war after WWII. The communist side (People's Republic) won on the mainland, and the other side (Republic of China, the previous national govt) retreated to Taiwan, where they are still in power.\n\nBoth claim to represent all o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2yjiq7 | how decimal place infinity is larger than counting number infinity | Late night tv leads me to the Science channel where it's an episode about Infinity and the study of infinity. I understand the conflict about scientists battling if the universe is finite or infinite. But they presented a bit where maths people proved that there are varying levels of infinity. How? Isn't infinity just ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yjiq7/eli5_how_decimal_place_infinity_is_larger_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpa3sxc",
"cpa3tgf"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"No, you are still wrong when you said infinity plus one. However, there are different infinities.\n\nNatural numbers are the set from {1,2,3,....}. Let's say this has \"infinite\" elements. So far let us assume that infinity... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.math.hmc.edu/funfacts/ffiles/30001.3-4.shtml",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-QoutHCu4o"
],
[]
] | |
6jrr1e | how come some gifs need a "gifv" link to be viewed, while others work without even a click? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6jrr1e/eli5_how_come_some_gifs_need_a_gifv_link_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"djgmk1l",
"djgmly5"
],
"score": [
24,
7
],
"text": [
"Traditional gifs are fundamentally images. The format was not designed for video. It was always an image format, but with the option of having a short series of images to make a little animation.\nBut then people starting u... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3l3n6e | what are warrant canaries and what do they do? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3l3n6e/eli5_what_are_warrant_canaries_and_what_do_they_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"cv2w9r1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Very often, when a service provider is issued a warrant to hand over information about their customers, some aspect of the warrant prohibits them from telling their customers about the warrant.\n\nThe providers _want_ to warn their customers, but... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
290poy | how is the landing gear of a plane designed to withhold this much force? | _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/290poy/eli5_how_is_the_landing_gear_of_a_plane_designed/ | {
"a_id": [
"cigbfrt",
"cigcllj"
],
"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"Why: Because this is a failure mode the engineers specifically design for.\n\nHow: They had to burn off all the fuel and land on fumes, and land with the nose up as long as possible, and still most of the wheel ended up deco... | [] | [
"http://youtu.be/iXEuDLcoDv4"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
ade7kf | how and why does albino-ism occur? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ade7kf/eli5_how_and_why_does_albinoism_occur/ | {
"a_id": [
"edg66fr"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Albenism, and it requires two parents, who both carry the recessive albenistic gene to BOTH pass that gene on to their child. And that recessive gene is very rare anyway. So it is super unlikely that two people carrying the gene would meet, and e... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1l006a | How did the city of Alexandria develop from its founding, through to the Roman conquest? | Any ideas are appreciated and sources especially so;
I am particularly interested in how racial diversity shaped the city.
Sources that depict the Ptolemaic military.
And whether the actual influence of the "Great Library", and "Pharos Lighthouse" were truly as great as we are often led to believe. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l006a/how_did_the_city_of_alexandria_develop_from_its/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbudipt"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"[This](_URL_0_) is one of few sources that depict the later Ptolemaic military. \nNote the distinctive small shields and sarissa, which are typical of a Hellenistic kingdom. However as opposed to the traditional round shield, the soldiers bear a ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NileMosaicOfPalestrinaSoldiers.jpg/350px-NileMosaicOfPalestrinaSoldiers.jpg"
]
] | |
1ofzog | How do we know things like what the inside of the earth is made up of, or what a planet like Neptune is made up of, if we haven't been able to get there and find out for sure? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ofzog/how_do_we_know_things_like_what_the_inside_of_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccro3f3",
"ccrogtc",
"ccrt2mn",
"ccrt6el",
"ccrwiy8",
"ccrzzpd"
],
"score": [
14,
4,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Well, in the case of Earth, we have a lot of sources of info:\n\nWe have extensive exposure of upper mantle in ophiolitic complexes; so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_astronomers_use_radio_waves_to_learn_about_the_composition_of_stars",
"http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/aprilholladay/2006-09-25-measuring-planets_x.htm"
],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_spectroscopy"
],
[]
] |
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