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1gbj8z
Was there any opposition to the dropping of the Atomic Bomb during the War?
Churchill's memoirs state something along the lines that there was no question in anyone's mind that the bomb ought to be dropped; anyone seemingly being major players in the Allied Forces. And Churchill seems to imply that he would have made the same decision Truman did. Did anyone oppose the decision before it was ma...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1gbj8z/was_there_any_opposition_to_the_dropping_of_the/
{ "a_id": [ "caimt4o", "caiqokl" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "I had just finished reading *Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire* by Richard B. Frank. I also recently read *The Making of the Atomic Bomb* by Richard Rhodes.\n\nOff the top of my head from *Making of the Atomi...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.doug-long.com/bard.htm", "http://nuclearsecrecy.com/blog/2012/09/28/martian-perspectives/", "http://www.dannen.com/decision/franck.html", "http://www.dannen.com/decision/scipanel.html" ] ]
1iiit5
what exactly does it mean for down syndrome's extra chromosome to be silenced?
For reference: _URL_0_
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1iiit5/eli5_what_exactly_does_it_mean_for_down_syndromes/
{ "a_id": [ "cb4s1eg" ], "score": [ 11 ], "text": [ "So this is beyoned ELI5 imo, so I'll just keep it simple. Maybe... ELI10...\n\nFirst lets do a recap.\n\nThe normal human has 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total for 46. People with Down Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. This is why ...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/1ihxu2/down_syndromes_extra_chromosome_silenced_in_lab/" ]
[ [] ]
5x0kuo
Were people proud to be "Ottoman?" the same way some were proud to be "Roman"?
Often , I hear "Ottoman Turks" and Turks being associated with the Ottoman Empire but were there other groups of people who were proud to be "Ottomans"? or "Ottomanic"?. Since, back then, during the Roman Era, a lot of people identified as Romans and were proud to be Romans. Was that the same case for people under the ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5x0kuo/were_people_proud_to_be_ottoman_the_same_way_some/
{ "a_id": [ "deebv6n" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "The term \"Ottoman\" (*Osmanlı*) was a term which originally referred to the companions and followers of Osman, the first ruler of the Ottoman state. As the Ottoman Empire was established it came to be used to refer to the empire's ruling elite -...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
189xk3
how does my task manager know when a program has "stopped responding"?
I know what causes a program to stop responding (Stuck in an infinite loop, can't find a resource, etc.), but what allows Task Manager (and that thing that "Whites Out" non-responsive windows and shows "Program X has stopped working") to know when an application is no longer working?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/189xk3/eli5_how_does_my_task_manager_know_when_a_program/
{ "a_id": [ "c8cyw6b" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Basically, at the core of most windows applications there is something called an event loop. The event loop is simply a bit of code that runs over and over again until you close the application.\n\nWhat this code does is it constantly asks window...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1g9gil
I understand that to day's technology is mush better than in the past, allowing for more surveillance, but has a historic government ever done this?
It obviously has happens in the near past (Watergate, ECT.), but did it happen is history? Sorry for the bad wording.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1g9gil/i_understand_that_to_days_technology_is_mush/
{ "a_id": [ "cai1ha1" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "There was a mass observation project in the UK from 1937 to the 1960s, it was revived in the 1980s on a smaller scale and continues to this day. It was a voluntary scheme initially involving 500 people who were asked to keep a diary of their ever...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_Observation" ] ]
1h47fn
When slavery was generally accepted, was there any moral opposition to slavery, and if so, what forms did it take? What were the main arguments presented?
I'm thinking of 1970s gay rights or present day animal rights, in which the majority believes/acts one way but there were/are obviously individuals opposing it. I've read that Jefferson experienced some dissonance over owning slaves. I'm just wondering did individuals organize rallies protesting slave ownership? wer...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1h47fn/when_slavery_was_generally_accepted_was_there_any/
{ "a_id": [ "caqreim", "caqt3mt" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Absolutely. In 1542 Spain's government issued the [New Laws](_URL_3_), banning the enslavement of indigenous Americans. This law was largely ignored but still shows that opinions varied on the issue as far back as the 14th c...
[]
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[ [ "http://www.slavenorth.com/pennsylvania.htm", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688_Germantown_Quaker_Petition_Against_Slavery", "http://www.slavenorth.com/penna.htm", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Laws" ], [] ]
57rop5
Can Natural Killer Cells Be Used to Kill Cancer Cells?
Obviously lots of problems to overcome. How do we tag cancer cells and only cancer cells with the MIC that allows natural killer cells to identify cancer cells only is a big one. Is using the body's immune system to kill cancer cells something that's already being explored in cancer research? Are there any other theor...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/57rop5/can_natural_killer_cells_be_used_to_kill_cancer/
{ "a_id": [ "d8uxnv3", "d8v4hsr" ], "score": [ 3, 4 ], "text": [ "Using the body's immune system is a **huge** area of research right now (google \"cancer immunotherapy\"). There are a lot of companies pursuing this area. One interesting approach is called adoptive T cell transfer, which y...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "clinicaltrials.gov", "https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NK+cancer&Search=Search" ] ]
4fpi4g
why do loud noises like a hammer hitting wood make us flinch?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4fpi4g/eli5_why_do_loud_noises_like_a_hammer_hitting/
{ "a_id": [ "d2aumzx" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Deep inside the oldest parts of your nervous system, there are circuits designed to protect you from injury faster than you can think. A flinch is the beginning of a motion away from whatever scary thing suddenly made a noise -- whether it was a ...
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[ [] ]
55dl9i
columbus took three ships on his famous journey. how were they able to stay together and communicate with each other? did anyone go from one ship to the other?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/55dl9i/eli5_columbus_took_three_ships_on_his_famous/
{ "a_id": [ "d89o8gq", "d89ondf", "d89wb5g", "d8a1nly" ], "score": [ 2, 10, 6, 2 ], "text": [ "When they sailed they actually had quite good weather, allowing them to traverse back and forth between the other ships. ", "They maintained line of sight. If they got separat...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_flag_signalling" ] ]
4391dx
Can we hallucinate flavors like we can hallucinate visions and sounds?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4391dx/can_we_hallucinate_flavors_like_we_can/
{ "a_id": [ "czhh0rv" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Of course. There are also people who 'smell' things after having lost taste and smell, though that probably is another phenomenon. I don't have research to back this up but I'm sure the brain is capable of almost any kind of hallucination you can...
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[ [] ]
883ecv
who is jordan peterson and why is he widely talked about in politics?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/883ecv/eli5_who_is_jordan_peterson_and_why_is_he_widely/
{ "a_id": [ "dwhjdax", "dwhjjj0", "dwhju51" ], "score": [ 4, 4, 4 ], "text": [ "For \"what is this thing that Reddit's talking about\" questions, /r/outoftheloop is probably a better place to look than ELI5. They have [several past threads on this topic](_URL_0_).", "He's a Can...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/search?q=jordan+peterson&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all" ], [], [] ]
4j3cj0
galaxies further away from us have a higher recessional velocity, why is this and how is it evidence for the big bang?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4j3cj0/eli5_galaxies_further_away_from_us_have_a_higher/
{ "a_id": [ "d33bpzd", "d33drxe" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It is evidence that the universe is expanding.\n\nHit the rewind button, and it is now contracting back into a single point.", "Well, it's evidence for the \"big bang\" because the \"big bang\" answers the question of \"...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2tilo3
how two programming languages are used in conjunction within a single application?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2tilo3/eli5_how_two_programming_languages_are_used_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cnzcyow" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "There's two major options:\n\n1. Different languages are used for different subsystems, and the subsystems communicate by passing messages in some well-defined exchange format - JSON, BSON, XML and so on are popular for this.\n* The different lan...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_function_interface" ] ]
ddktai
generation z appears to be, on average, so much poorer than those of their parents. for most, ever owning a house seems unlikely, and even car ownership is much less common. what exactly happened to cause this?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ddktai/eli5_generation_z_appears_to_be_on_average_so/
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[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://wtfhappenedin1971.com/" ], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2019/08/04/the-reasons-why-millennials-arent-as-car-crazed-as-baby-boomers-and-how-self-driving-cars-fit-in/" ], [], [ "https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/wh...
1k045b
Are there cameras which record with the same detail as the human eye?
Is it possible to have a camera with the same definition/resolution as human eye sight? If not, what differences exist between cameras and eyes which makes this difficult/implausible?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1k045b/are_there_cameras_which_record_with_the_same/
{ "a_id": [ "cbk1buu" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "There are cameras that exceed the resolution of the human eye by an order of magnitude. The trick of the eye is your brain. You fill in all kinds of stuff. \nAnd eyes have great dynamic range." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
r5qiv
If we applied the same selective breeding to humans, that we use for dogs, for 10 000 years or more, could we achieve comparable variety of shape and sizes while keeping them as one species?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/r5qiv/if_we_applied_the_same_selective_breeding_to/
{ "a_id": [ "c434ajt", "c434ga9", "c434jrw", "c435oxk", "c435v1j", "c4393za", "c43by3o", "c43d070", "c43di4y" ], "score": [ 9, 18, 3, 10, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "Absolutely. We already have dwarves and giants, they're just quite ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1126765,00.html" ], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
4d6da2
other than genetics, what causes myopia
I remember learning that reading in the dark or reading for extended periods of time can cause nearsightedness. Looking at something across the room every now and then can help prevent it. But I can't recall the reasoning why.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4d6da2/eli5_other_than_genetics_what_causes_myopia/
{ "a_id": [ "d1oadq1", "d1obzga", "d1oh8gt", "d1ouoye" ], "score": [ 5, 5, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "imagine the lens -or the muscles that control the lens- in your eye like a chewing gum, if you stretch it, and immediately release it, it can return to the unstretched state. but i...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Schematic_diagram_of_the_human_eye_en.svg" ], [] ]
279f4c
How does iron exist IN the earth without rusting?
Better yet, how do we have it in our blood without it out oxidizing? There's water and oxygen in our blood.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/279f4c/how_does_iron_exist_in_the_earth_without_rusting/
{ "a_id": [ "chyoiqv", "chyqjyw" ], "score": [ 16, 5 ], "text": [ "Rust is an iron oxide, and iron cannot exist in a pure state in an oxidizing environment--so yes, pure Fe iron is not found in your blood or in the earth. However, iron can form plenty of compounds and complexes in the body...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
1gvkkq
what happens to stock when a company quits being traded?
My friend works at a company that is publicly traded and has stock in her 401K from the company. The company is going to stop being traded now, and I was wondering what happens to all her stock?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1gvkkq/eli5_what_happens_to_stock_when_a_company_quits/
{ "a_id": [ "cao8q24" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "you'd have to be more specific on \"stop being traded\". That could mean a couple of things. It could be they're just not selling any more shares, in which case not much would happen, people would just buy/sell the shares that already exist. It c...
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[]
[ [] ]
kd4sl
If cracking my knuckles doesn't cause damage, why has it got so much easier to do?
The last I heard from the scientific community on this was that cracking my knuckles does not cause damage and the old wives tale about it giving you arthritis is simply not true. But since I started to crack my knuckles (and I do it a lot now), it has gotten much much easier to crack them. I don't see how it can caus...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/kd4sl/if_cracking_my_knuckles_doesnt_cause_damage_why/
{ "a_id": [ "c2jaso1", "c2jcbgw", "c2jaso1", "c2jcbgw" ], "score": [ 2, 3, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "I think the consensus isn't that it has no effect at all, but that it specifically has no proven link with arthritis. It does weaken the tissue involved.", "Anyone else crack t...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
603d74
how do gums stop bleeding once they start?
i.e after flossing, no exposure to air, no coagulation, constant wetness. How does it stop?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/603d74/eli5how_do_gums_stop_bleeding_once_they_start/
{ "a_id": [ "df3ctfd", "df3iyta" ], "score": [ 7, 2 ], "text": [ "From _URL_0_\n\nSeems like the gums are like any other part of the body. When cut they become inflamed and clot then heal. \n\n > The healing mechanism involves the inflammatory process, which is the same in almost the entir...
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[]
[ [ "http://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/2362/what-is-the-healing-process-of-mouth-wounds" ], [] ]
c12fhn
how does the brain suppress the sound sleeping people make themselves.
For example people who snore or breathe heavy. They can sleep through their own sounds while others need to suffer, but they will wake up to any other sound/ other snoring people
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c12fhn/eli5_how_does_the_brain_suppress_the_sound/
{ "a_id": [ "era2lat", "era4gg5", "eraa9zj", "erb8rpb" ], "score": [ 5, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Because they are used to it. If you sleep with someone else who has a snoring problem, you will eventually get used to it because you hear it every night. Talking from experience",...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://media.springernature.com/lw785/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00424-011-1014-6/MediaObjects/424_2011_1014_Fig2_HTML.gif", "https://www.mind-your-reality.com/images/brainwaves_chart.jpg" ] ]
6pq6hk
Did the British allow the RMS Lusitania to be sunk by a German U-boat in an attempt to encourage the US to enter WW1?
I was watching the PBS: American Experience documentary about WW1, and it was claimed that the British knew the ship *Lusitania* (containing hundreds of American and thousands of British passengers) was headed in the path of a German U-boat, but deliberately chose not to warn it or supply it with a destroyer escort in ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6pq6hk/did_the_british_allow_the_rms_lusitania_to_be/
{ "a_id": [ "dkrdjzv" ], "score": [ 30 ], "text": [ "No serious evidence has ever emerged that the sinking of *Lusitania* was ever anything more than a tragic coming together of circumstances. \n\nSeveral factors contributed to the attack from the RN's poor ASW practices in the early war, poor dis...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1lu18z
why is the nsa allowed to break the law?
Doesn't that violate the constitution?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lu18z/eli5why_is_the_nsa_allowed_to_break_the_law/
{ "a_id": [ "cc2qvj1", "cc2rh9y", "cc2rv9i" ], "score": [ 25, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "The NSA isn't allowed to break the law. The recent scandals are lawful behaviors of the NSA which they performed under instruction by laws passed by our representatives. Some of those representatives a...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.volokh.com/2013/07/17/metadata-the-nsa-and-the-fourth-amendment-a-constitutional-analysis-of-collecting-and-querying-call-records-databases/", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act_of_1978_Amendments_Act_of_2008", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_Com...
36g1oc
Was the value of Reichmarks completely worthless immediately after the Germans surrendered. Or did it maintain some semblance of worth?
And what was used as replacement currency until reconstruction of the German economy.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/36g1oc/was_the_value_of_reichmarks_completely_worthless/
{ "a_id": [ "cre6pf3" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Germany's hyperinflation in the early 1920's (and subsequent economic issues) were arguably a result of the treaty of Versailles. As part of the treaty, full blame for starting the war was laid at the feet of Germany, and punitive damages were le...
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[]
[ [] ]
2ei4c1
the psychology behind people liking being in control of other people
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ei4c1/eli5_the_psychology_behind_people_liking_being_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cjzq419", "cjzqel0" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "I personally enjoy taking on the leader role because it makes people talk to me less - or at least be more succinct. Im not a real leader, you see, Im anti-social and introverted. I just fake it and endure it as an investmen...
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[ [], [] ]
y19uh
From voyager's perspective, how long has it been travelling through space?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/y19uh/from_voyagers_perspective_how_long_has_it_been/
{ "a_id": [ "c5retgp" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "34 years, 11 months and 6 days as of today. The speed at which it is travelling is a negligible percentage of the speed of light, so time dilation isn't a significant factor. " ] }
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[ [] ]
k1rgt
transitive and intransitive verbs
Thanks for reading. Yes, I have looked this up on Google, but all the answers seem to reference other parts of the English language I'm not familiar with (and it is my native language). So break it down for me, if you would be so kind. Examples would be helpful; sock puppets if necessary. Thanks in advance. **Edit:*...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k1rgt/eli5_transitive_and_intransitive_verbs/
{ "a_id": [ "c2gve8f", "c2gvgmz", "c2gx151", "c2gve8f", "c2gvgmz", "c2gx151" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "The structure of a simple sentence in English consists of a subject, a verb, and (sometimes) an object. For example, in the sentence \"T...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
45qtff
US Supreme Court and Judicial History MEGATHREAD
Hello everyone, With the death of Associate Justice Antonin Scalia yesterday, the Supreme Court is dominating the news cycle, and we have already noticed a decided uptick in questions related to the court and previous nomination controversies. As we have done a few times in the past for topics that have arrived sudden...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/45qtff/us_supreme_court_and_judicial_history_megathread/
{ "a_id": [ "czzjvje", "czzjx6t", "czzl6xx", "czzmavr", "czzmx0b", "czzna6t", "czzqlnm", "czzqudg", "czzr6w8", "czzr7gh", "czzss6q", "czzsx2l", "czzt3cx", "czzugvf", "czzy6nd", "czzyjfp", "d000z3e", "d004yd0", "d0074y7", "d00cmza", "d...
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[ "http://i.imgur.com/tBgqKXy.jpg" ]
[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsuccessful_nominations_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Parker", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsuccessful_nominations_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" ], [], [], [], ...
40njrp
those 360° 3d videos
How do they work? It's pretty amazing
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/40njrp/eli5_those_360_3d_videos/
{ "a_id": [ "cyvl4gi" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Have you ever seen a 360° camera? Most of them have multiple lenses and then use computing to stitch the image together similar to the panorama feature on smartphones. There are even 360° cameras with a single lens but these are only truly 360° i...
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[ [] ]
3w2s78
why are numbers sometimes written out as words and as numbers right next to each other?
E.g., this box of Cheez-its has a sweepstakes where ONE (1) WINNER WILL RECEIVE $10,000. Why are the word and the number both needed?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3w2s78/eli5_why_are_numbers_sometimes_written_out_as/
{ "a_id": [ "cxst75m", "cxstc5n" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I think it's to prevent people from turning the 1 into an 11, or something like this. \nBy changing the number, there is usually not enough room left to change the 'word' aswell", "It used to be a formal editing rule in ...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
61czc9
why is it that certain candy bags have a noticeably disproportionate ratio of flavours?
I love lime-flavoured Skittles, Sour Patch Kids, Maynard gummies, etc. However, I've noticed that bags are usually 80% cherry, strawberry, or what have you. Why are some flavours so sparse? Are some flavours cheaper to produce?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61czc9/eli5_why_is_it_that_certain_candy_bags_have_a/
{ "a_id": [ "dfdjo12" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I'd hate to break it to you, but the green skittles are supposed to be green apple flavored" ] }
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[ [] ]
2od6c9
why people develop lisps and why they keep them their whole life
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2od6c9/eli5_why_people_develop_lisps_and_why_they_keep/
{ "a_id": [ "cmm0djc", "cmm0tcn", "cmm13fn", "cmm1y6d", "cmm24va", "cmm4qvc", "cmm548p", "cmm55au", "cmm596y", "cmm5hep", "cmm84nn", "cmm8724", "cmmqbjn", "cmmvodf", "cmmwwxg" ], "score": [ 81, 7, 14, 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4,...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
a570uy
what causes the switch process in bipolar disorder?
What biological process causes a person to go from severely depressed to euthymic or manic and back again? & #x200B; & #x200B;
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a570uy/eli5_what_causes_the_switch_process_in_bipolar/
{ "a_id": [ "ebk9ife", "ebkum2u" ], "score": [ 10, 5 ], "text": [ "Mainly hormones and the amount your body produces or gives you - or doesn't because something stops/slows down the production of hormones that make you happy. (Serotonine and Dopamine) If some points in your body get close ...
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[ [], [] ]
10n1fc
are manufacturing jobs actually important, or are they just easy political points?
US politicians (on both sides) are always going off about how important manufacturing jobs are, and how we need more blue collar jobs, etc. However, it seems somewhat counter-intuitive to stimulate growth in markets we can't compete fairly in. I mean, there's a reason why we're losing these types of jobs, right? Is ...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10n1fc/eli5_are_manufacturing_jobs_actually_important_or/
{ "a_id": [ "c6ev2vd", "c6ev46z", "c6ev4ll", "c6ev9kt" ], "score": [ 5, 5, 6, 3 ], "text": [ "Manufacturing is still a pretty significant segment of the US economy, and historically, it was what made the US big. So there's some sentimental attachment to the idea of being a ...
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[ [], [], [], [ "http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/24/chinese-manufacturing-and-the-auto-bailout/" ] ]
4hyhph
After watching a video flyover of Titan, I wondered how scientists delineate one pole as "north" and the other as "south" on non-earth bodies? Magnetism? Alignment with the solar plane? Other?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4hyhph/after_watching_a_video_flyover_of_titan_i/
{ "a_id": [ "d2tjf6i" ], "score": [ 19 ], "text": [ "~~The north pole is the one which, when you look down on it, the body is rotating counterclockwise. [Or if you curl the fingers of your right hand in the direction of rotation, your thumb points north.](_URL_0_)~~\n\nEdit: I was mistaken, see /u...
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[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule" ] ]
cc4trc
Dumb question; does sound radiation exist?
[deleted]
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/cc4trc/dumb_question_does_sound_radiation_exist/
{ "a_id": [ "etldydd", "etlei6p" ], "score": [ 9, 2 ], "text": [ "\"Sound radiation\" does not exist. Sound in its essence is a mechanical wave, shaking up the matter. However, if exposed consistently for long periods of time to loud sounds and/or vibrations, you may cause some damage to y...
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[ [], [] ]
140ggj
What were the reasons behind the US invading Canada in 1812?
I have never had a textbook in school that even mentioned that fact the the US invaded its neighbor to the north until I got to college. What was the justification for invading Canada made it seem worth provoking England? Was it really just warmongering rich guys with nothing better to do or was it to control trade goi...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/140ggj/what_were_the_reasons_behind_the_us_invading/
{ "a_id": [ "c78rr9c" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "The United States was furious with Great Britain for a number of reasons. The British were violating U.S. sovereignty with impunity on the high seas, seizing U.S. sailors. The Brits maintained armed outposts within U.S. territory in the Northwes...
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[ [] ]
76st8w
Is it just a coincidence or a specific reason why several elements in the same group have the atomic weight/number of protons increased by 8, 18, or 32 to form the next element in the group? Is there a mathematical formula that uses atomic weight to determine its properties?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/76st8w/is_it_just_a_coincidence_or_a_specific_reason_why/
{ "a_id": [ "doglxae", "dogo32m" ], "score": [ 5, 8 ], "text": [ "A simple explanation is that elements on the table are grouped in a way that reflects similar chemical reactivity. The way an element reacts is largely based on the amount of electrons available in its outer shell, valency, ...
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[ [], [] ]
shs9i
Can server farms use their waste heat to generate electricity for themselves?
I was listening to NPR this morning and they had a thing on green ratings for cloud computing companies. Google scored higher than Amazon or Apple because, among other things, it's been building solar farms rather than moving their servers to places that burn coal for cheap power. Now, I know that most solar farms us...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/shs9i/can_server_farms_use_their_waste_heat_to_generate/
{ "a_id": [ "c4e541g", "c4e59qz", "c4e662f", "c4e6asd", "c4e6r53", "c4e794w", "c4e95hr", "c4e9coo", "c4eai0j", "c4ebg8w" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 12, 33, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Just an interesting addition: [Stirling Engine...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine" ], [], [], [ "https://ipo.llnl.gov/?q=technologies-thermoelectric_energy_harvesting" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]
1coh5s
Did volley fire by muskets actually inflict more casualties or was it more of a psychological tactic?
It seems like firing as rapidly as possible would actually inflict more damage but the shock of seeing several comrades drop at once would be more likely to cause a route.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1coh5s/did_volley_fire_by_muskets_actually_inflict_more/
{ "a_id": [ "c9ihsif", "c9ihtm0", "c9iid9d", "c9iiddd", "c9ija0r", "c9ijvxz", "c9iku55", "c9in40s", "c9inh2n", "c9iqb7m" ], "score": [ 56, 2, 7, 491, 2, 5, 13, 80, 3, 7 ], "text": [ "I'm a bit confused by the question, I have ...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/12xgg9/how_did_the_line_formation_evolve_in_battles/c6z3x9w?context=3" ], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
1tge55
if the fast food workers staging walkouts are wanting real change, then why don't they unionize?
I've been reading in the news recently about the fast food walkouts that have been going on in an effort to get better wages. What I'm wondering is why don't they unionize instead? Wouldn't it give them a better bargaining position, especially when they could legally strike, rather than face termination for abandoning ...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1tge55/eli5_if_the_fast_food_workers_staging_walkouts/
{ "a_id": [ "ce7nsxs", "ce7olxk" ], "score": [ 5, 3 ], "text": [ "There is nothing for them to bargain. They are untrained, unskilled workers. ", "I did see news coverage of one of the walkouts in Delaware, where a union was one of their demands. I believe the impetus to unionize is on...
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[ [], [] ]
1iwyn3
Why, in most languages that use genders, God is referred a male noun and Nature as a female one? How did it all begin?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1iwyn3/why_in_most_languages_that_use_genders_god_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cb93xf0", "cb95pai" ], "score": [ 5, 6 ], "text": [ "Earth and sky carry male/female connotations. Plants grow from the earth, but the earth gets \"Seeded\" by the sky, drawing an obvious metaphorical male/female dichotomy. Since something \"greater\" than humans would be not ...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_mother#Earth_Mother" ], [] ]
4us9l9
why do the japanese call themselves nihongo while we call them the japanese?
Also Suomi = Finnish? Iran = Persia? How does this happen, and why?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4us9l9/eli5_why_do_the_japanese_call_themselves_nihongo/
{ "a_id": [ "d5sfji0", "d5sgs0v" ], "score": [ 4, 9 ], "text": [ "Persia isn't actually a thing anymore. It's the name of the political organization that controlled what is now known as Iran. Persia is the Iran what Rome is to Italy.\n\nOther terms come from translation. \n\nLook at German...
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[ [], [] ]
34dao9
Why have Egypt and Sudan not bothered to claim Bir Tawil?
I just found out that neither country claims Bir Tawil, and was wondering why that is. The obvious reasons are that there's nothing and nobody there, and that the borders are a British construct, but is there more to it than that?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/34dao9/why_have_egypt_and_sudan_not_bothered_to_claim/
{ "a_id": [ "cqto53a" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "OK, so look at [this map](_URL_1_). The sticky-out bit at the bottom is Bir Tawil. To the east is a larger and more valuable piece of land called the Hala'ib Triangle. \n\nThere are two borders here. The straight one that follows the 22nd paralle...
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[]
[ [ "https://www.kingdomsudan.org/", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Egypt_location_map.svg/800px-Egypt_location_map.svg.png" ] ]
18p2p2
Can I break a diamond if I throw it on the floor ? If yes why is it so difficult to scratch but easy to break ?
Long time ago, I heard from a expert working in mine that it is possible to break a diamond if it fell on the floor even if it's on the 10 rank in the Mohs' scale. Is it true ? If yes, why can't we scratch it but we can break it so easily ? Thanks Edit: What is the difference between hardness and toughness on the at...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/18p2p2/can_i_break_a_diamond_if_i_throw_it_on_the_floor/
{ "a_id": [ "c8gpgsw" ], "score": [ 23 ], "text": [ "There's a lot of misconception about the concept of diamond being one of the hardest substances (usually as measured by the [Mohs hardness scale](_URL_6_)). \n\nIt's important that in the realm of materials science 'hardness' has a very specifi...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_properties_of_diamond#Toughness", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_scale", "http://en.wikipedia....
5u4wkl
Leonardo Di Vinci
What Leonardo a freemason or part of a secret society?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5u4wkl/leonardo_di_vinci/
{ "a_id": [ "ddslu2v" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Although there are a number of conspiracy theories proposing all sorts of evidence connecting Leonardo Da Vinci to Freemasonry and other (real or imagined) secret societies, there is nothing in his (extensively studied) notebooks to indicate thei...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/55i95b/how_famous_was_leonardo_da_vinci_during_his/" ] ]
16yh41
- what is a histamine, and how do they cause so many different illnesses?
I take an anti-histamine for colds and such. My best friend is trying a histamine blocker to help with a digestive issue. Those seem like pretty different things. It occurs to me that it's one of those things people talk about, but perhaps rarely understand. Fill me in.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/16yh41/eli5_what_is_a_histamine_and_how_do_they_cause_so/
{ "a_id": [ "c80j9fb" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Histamine is a small molecule that acts as a signal (ie neurotransmitter) to different tissues in your body. In the case of allergies, when you are exposed to something you are allergic to, like pollen, very small pieces of the pollen interact wi...
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19zgg1
What happens to a noodle on a molecular level when you cook it?
What's the difference between the molecular structure of an uncooked noodle vs. a cooked one? What happens to the cells to make the noodle go from hard and brittle to wiggly and soft? Why do other foods not undergo a similar transition when they are boiled?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19zgg1/what_happens_to_a_noodle_on_a_molecular_level/
{ "a_id": [ "c8ssp37" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Two main components make up the flour used in making pasta are starch and protein. More protein (gluten) is formed in the pasta making process. When the starch is heated in the presence of water, the gelatinizes or absorbs water. The previously...
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[ [ "http://www.eng.umd.edu/~nsw/ench485/lab5.htm" ] ]
4flkje
how do tax refunds work?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4flkje/eli5_how_do_tax_refunds_work/
{ "a_id": [ "d29wpjl", "d2amp2c" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Basically, you owe a certain exact percentage in taxes every year depending on what your full income is at the end of the year. \n\nEvery paycheck, some of your pay is withheld, with the idea that it's the monthly portion of...
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[ [], [] ]
krhwm
why is hair in my food/mouth so disturbing?
In a sense, a single hair seems so insignificant... Yet when it's in food, I can't help but to cringe a bit. It even bugs me when it lands on my plate in an area where there is no longer any food. I just cant ignore it, like I could a chicken bone or some tough fat i tried to chew from a steak. (sorry if that was gross...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/krhwm/eli5_why_is_hair_in_my_foodmouth_so_disturbing/
{ "a_id": [ "c2mngip", "c2mngip" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Slightly related but this is what happened to a girl who ate her own hair for years, [small write up and a picture which is somewhat gross](_URL_0_).", "Slightly related but this is what happened to a girl who ate her ow...
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[ [ "http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/246529/Giant_Hairball_Removed_From_Woman_s_Stomach" ], [ "http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/246529/Giant_Hairball_Removed_From_Woman_s_Stomach" ] ]
a2fh83
why do people cut cocaine with lidocaine ?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a2fh83/eli5_why_do_people_cut_cocaine_with_lidocaine/
{ "a_id": [ "eaxrxjm" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Finally my drug experience comes in handy. Cocaine is a numbing agent and doesn't hurt at all when snorted. Therefore, you need to cut it with something that doesn't hurt when snorted. Also, if your coke really numbs you up, it actually makes it ...
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7h0ftp
During negotiations for the Cuban Missile Crisis, why was it important for to the Soviet Union that Cuba wasn’t invaded?
It doesn’t really make sense to me, the Soviets send weapons to Cuba and then remove them in exchange for the US’s promise never to invade Cuba. Why would they care about that? If they really didn’t want the US to invade Cuba they could just leave the weapons there right?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7h0ftp/during_negotiations_for_the_cuban_missile_crisis/
{ "a_id": [ "dqnwn0x" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "The non-invasion pledge was not a formal goal of the Soviets, but rather something that covered two important diplomatic bases for the Soviets. \n\nOne, the pledge was a face-saving measure for the Soviets to make good their removal of the missil...
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5e1g0x
can sleeping on one side or another "shape" you ?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5e1g0x/eli5_can_sleeping_on_one_side_or_another_shape_you/
{ "a_id": [ "da8znlz" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Speaking purely anecdotally here: I have always slept on my side, but slightly differently on left vs. right. This has led to a muscular misalignment of sorts that I work with both a chiropractor and a physical therapist to correct or else I get ...
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3zh4fn
how can a retailer claim something is exclusive to their brand, then you see multiple other brands boasting the same thing.
For Example Game marketing the Halo 5 Controller as "Exclusive to Game", when I was able to get it at Tesco.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zh4fn/eli5_how_can_a_retailer_claim_something_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cym500g", "cymb2ea" ], "score": [ 5, 3 ], "text": [ "The flat out reason is that they don't care. They make the claim, sometimes knowing that it's false, just to add a sense of urgency or validation to their store. \n\nThis is only a small example of how little truth is in adv...
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[ [], [] ]
4tfl2p
why do some drinks like gatorade need to be refrigerated after being opened, even if it wasn't refrigerated before being opened?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4tfl2p/eli5_why_do_some_drinks_like_gatorade_need_to_be/
{ "a_id": [ "d5gvsup" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "When the drink is bottled, it is sterile inside. The liquid is free of live microbes, and has an airtight seal protecting it from the filthy outside world. \n\nOnce you open it and drink some, you've let microbes into the previously clean environ...
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325oi0
Has there ever been a democratic-communist movement?
So far every communist country (that I can think of ) has also been a dictatorship or something similar. Had there been any movements for a democratically run communist state? If there have been, why did they fail?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/325oi0/has_there_ever_been_a_democraticcommunist_movement/
{ "a_id": [ "cq85ilx", "cq86cjn" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm afraid I'm not terribly qualified to elaborate on the performance of democratic communist movements and why they failed (that is, if they failed at all), but there certainly have been many of them throughout history. A f...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacist_uprising", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxemburgism", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Working_People" ], [] ]
19eqvb
What happened to companies that provided the AXIS with services after WW2?
What happened to companies like IBM, Coca Cola, BMW, HUGO after WW2 where the CEO's and top ranking officials imprisoned? Where the companies forced to disband? Did this occur in Imperial Japan as well and if it did what happened to them? Did companies in the AXIS countries provide services to the ALLIES?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19eqvb/what_happened_to_companies_that_provided_the_axis/
{ "a_id": [ "c8ne7w6", "c8negr6", "c8njq7j" ], "score": [ 4, 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Nothing much, with some exceptions. After the war, companies in former Axis countries were prohibited from arms production, so some had to improvise, for example [Messerschmidt](_URL_3_) building small ...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krupp_Trial", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IG_Farben#Break-up_and_liquidation", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespa", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_KR175" ], [ "http://www.ibmandtheholocaust.com/" ], [ "www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=4...
329d0s
Were there any soldiers in ancient or medieval times that focused on one-on-one combat?
I'm curious, because when looking at soldiers from these time periods I can only think of soldiers trained to fight in large formations. I know "ancient times" is a large window but I mainly mean everything pre-medieval.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/329d0s/were_there_any_soldiers_in_ancient_or_medieval/
{ "a_id": [ "cq98d3c" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Celts (Gauls) had a tradition preceding battle where one or more warriors would break rank to challenge the bravest of the enemy to a duel.\n\nIn his book \"The Celts\", Gerhard Herm references Greek historian Diodorus. In Diodorus' writing on th...
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3h0cl7
how do they clean portable toilets?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3h0cl7/eli5_how_do_they_clean_portable_toilets/
{ "a_id": [ "cu337sw" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "They pump everything out then basicly pressure wash the thing ... I'm sure there's a fairly strong disinfectant in the mix ... At least I seriously hope so " ] }
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3mvvlo
what if someone got to the moon,and started committing crimes....what could the government do about that?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mvvlo/eli5what_if_someone_got_to_the_moonand_started/
{ "a_id": [ "cviko1b", "cvikv7t", "cvil1ho" ], "score": [ 2, 9, 3 ], "text": [ "Committing a crime requires breaking a law. Please provide the legal code for the moon and describe what laws they would be breaking...", "Not a lot as long as he stays on the moon, since there's a ...
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[ [], [], [] ]
146qde
When it's claimed that China is the oldest extant civilisation on Earth, what does this claim mean and how accurate is it?
I get that it's been inhabited and civilised for quite some time, but so has modern day Egypt or Greece. It can't be a matter of political continuity or ideology since obviously that changed a lot over the course of history. It also doesn't seem that it can be based on a shared identity or continuous culture since all...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/146qde/when_its_claimed_that_china_is_the_oldest_extant/
{ "a_id": [ "c7aekl5", "c7aen1c" ], "score": [ 29, 139 ], "text": [ "Continuity, I think, is the key here. It's obviously an imperfect method of determining things shrouded in hyperbole and embellishment, but generally speaking the Chinese civilization has maintained cultural continuity si...
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[ [], [] ]
1gq10m
How has portrayals of Xerxes changed over time?
How has ancient and modern interpretations of Xerxes changed over time?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1gq10m/how_has_portrayals_of_xerxes_changed_over_time/
{ "a_id": [ "campim0", "camqq0n", "camsfqb" ], "score": [ 59, 10, 41 ], "text": [ "As far as I can tell, the 300 Xerxes was crafted whole cloth from a series of anachronistic racial stereotypes. The Greeks and Persians respected each other, even when they were enemies, and had a gr...
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[ [], [ "http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/xenophon-anabasis.asp#BOOK" ], [ "http://www.terminartors.com/files/artworks/6/9/5/69535/MontfoortHendrick_Assuerusz._van_-Esther_and_Assuerus.jpg", "https://publicintelligence.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/esther.jpg", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wi...
g4n3a
Question about the atoms in our body.
I have been wondering this for some time now but i have no idea how to estimate it if thats even possible: Would it be fair to say that every person on earth has at least some atoms in their body that were once part of dinosaurs? Do we have atoms in our body of just about every species that has ever lived?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/g4n3a/question_about_the_atoms_in_our_body/
{ "a_id": [ "c1kvbrw", "c1kvcfh", "c1kvnqn", "c1kvnv4" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 16, 3 ], "text": [ "Interesting! After 150 years of burning fossil fuels we should have plenty of carbon and hydrogen atoms from long lost species. Of course there would have been some non-fossil-fue...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]
9zg59m
Book recommendations on Arctic and Polar exploration
Hello! I am currently reading through the first two Elisha Kane books covering the first two US Grinnell expeditions in search of the lost John Franklin party. I am interested in learning more about the age of polar and Arctic exploration after this book. I know Shackleton's books are considered a must but I'm curious ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9zg59m/book_recommendations_on_arctic_and_polar/
{ "a_id": [ "ea9edyw" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Some I’ve read and recommend \n\nFridtjof Nansen Farthest North, attempt to get to the North Pole by getting a ship locked into the polar ice. \n\nRoland Huntford The Last Place on Earth, about the Scott and Amundsen race to the South Pole. \n\nS...
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[ [] ]
zjd3u
Is there anything in the universe that isn't spinning?
If the answer is "the universe is spinning" then is there anything that isn't spinning relative to the universe?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zjd3u/is_there_anything_in_the_universe_that_isnt/
{ "a_id": [ "c653nj7", "c653vuh", "c656kxy" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Are you referring to [rotation or revolution](_URL_0_) when you say \"spin\"?", "Subatomic particles also have a property called 'spin' that is similar to angular momentum but has some weird propert...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation#Rotation_and_revolution" ], [], [] ]
cekdkd
What element determines the colours of our eyes?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/cekdkd/what_element_determines_the_colours_of_our_eyes/
{ "a_id": [ "eu3tpuj" ], "score": [ 15 ], "text": [ "The colour of your eyes is determined by two things, the pigmentation of the iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.\n\nThe pigmentation of the iris can vary from light brown t...
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[ [] ]
35m6xw
How do we know the Lakes of Titan are made of Methane, Ethane, and Propane without having been there?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/35m6xw/how_do_we_know_the_lakes_of_titan_are_made_of/
{ "a_id": [ "cr6k3cv" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The Huygens probe actually landed on Titan. The composition of the lakes however, was obtained from orbit, by looking at the absorbtion and reflection in the infrared. " ] }
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11ikp4
In a gene, is the start codon always at the start of the first exon?
If not, is it at least present somewhere in the first exon? Or are there other methods of starting translation than this?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/11ikp4/in_a_gene_is_the_start_codon_always_at_the_start/
{ "a_id": [ "c6mskk4", "c6mspxb" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "No, the start codon is not always at the start of the first exon. Untranslated regions (5 prime in this case) can be part of exons. \n\nAs to whether the start codon is always in the first exon, no not really. It's possible ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA#Monocistronic_versus_polycistronic_mRNA" ], [] ]
eb81w6
why does black looseleaf tea foam up after adding sugar?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/eb81w6/eli5_why_does_black_looseleaf_tea_foam_up_after/
{ "a_id": [ "fb31bsc" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "It's a normal chemical reaction when super hot water comes in contact with the leaves. The hot water makes various organic compounds, like proteins and amino acids, come out of the leaves and form a foamy layer. Some people say that the more foam...
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[ [] ]
6ri5wg
How does gravity affect subatomic particles?
I know that gravity can cause nuclear fusion(stars) and I know black holes can curve light but what happens to other subatomic particles like electrons?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6ri5wg/how_does_gravity_affect_subatomic_particles/
{ "a_id": [ "dl5yxu2" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Gravity affects all particles with energy (which is to say all particles). General relativity describes gravity as a curvature in spacetime, so a more accurate way of thinking of it is not that black holes curve light, but that light continues tr...
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[]
[ [] ]
2hs0kk
whenever i hear a fork scratching the surface of a china plate, my body shudders. what causes this to happen?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hs0kk/eli5_whenever_i_hear_a_fork_scratching_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ckvgt7y", "ckvgxcb", "ckvhg69", "ckvhlvg", "ckvi001", "ckvijam", "ckviy7p", "ckvjge3", "ckvjrgv", "ckvjs76", "ckvjsh5", "ckvkiee", "ckvky0b", "ckvl4oy", "ckvl7qm", "ckvmofs", "ckvnl8x", "ckvp885", "ckvqtgq", "ckvqzpv", "c...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/science/jared-diamonds-guide-to-reducing-lifes-risks.html" ], [], [], [ "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], []...
1pjv47
Does the thermal conductivity, or k, of a material increase or decrease as more heat flux is added to it? Or is it a sinusoidal relationship?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1pjv47/does_the_thermal_conductivity_or_k_of_a_material/
{ "a_id": [ "cd31kg8" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "k is not a function of heat flux (conversely heat flux can be a function of k and temperature differential per [fouriers law](_URL_0_)) but is a material property that can vary slightly with temperature." ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction" ] ]
5266zh
which is worse, short term or long term memory loss? what are positives and negatives about both?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5266zh/eli5_which_is_worse_short_term_or_long_term/
{ "a_id": [ "d7ho9f9" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "There is a big misnomer about what \"short term memory\" really is. Most people think it's \"goldfish memory\", lasting a day or so. In reality, it's closer to about one second. If you have short term memory loss, you can't learn anything new, pr...
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[ [] ]
9ov2yl
To what extent was the Nazi Holocaust directed by studies of American history and the genocide by whites of Native Americans?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9ov2yl/to_what_extent_was_the_nazi_holocaust_directed_by/
{ "a_id": [ "e7xazje" ], "score": [ 20 ], "text": [ "**Part 1/2**\n\nTo answer this question it is necessary to delve into some context and differentiate between a couple of levels of answers. There is a tangible connection between how the \"conquering of the American West\" was imagined by the Na...
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[ [] ]
8y7mmd
internal combustion engine was invented a couple centuries ago. why haven't we come up with something better by now?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8y7mmd/eli5_internal_combustion_engine_was_invented_a/
{ "a_id": [ "e28re5n", "e28rh14", "e28rkwv" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 5 ], "text": [ "Better, or commercially viable? We have. Electric cars. They’re the transport of the future. ", "Yes. Read about the Chinese. Europe invented glass because it didn’t have China and porcelain. China ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
3qb0a4
why does so many adware toolbars set yahoo as defult search engine?
Why Yahoo? Do they get paid for it? Is Yahoo ok with that?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3qb0a4/eli5_why_does_so_many_adware_toolbars_set_yahoo/
{ "a_id": [ "cwdkn2w" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Yahoo pays them to set the search bar to Yahoo, because when you use Yahoo search, you see Yahoo ads." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1j5ps0
is artificial gravity possible?
To clarify, in regards to space travel.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j5ps0/eli5_is_artificial_gravity_possible/
{ "a_id": [ "cbbd7d9", "cbbd7ty", "cbbda8n", "cbbdaza", "cbbde2m", "cbbdmo4", "cbbe7mi", "cbbefgl", "cbbfqnh", "cbbg3vj", "cbbh4h3", "cbbhc12", "cbbjdz1", "cbbl05e", "cbblccv", "cbbmzoc", "cbbn89b", "cbbq61s", "cbbrema", "cbbrjjm", "c...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23349496#" ], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder" ], [], [], [], [ "http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/Image_library/Physics_4/Fie...
1o8brc
Why is Beowulf considered such an important work in the history of Anglo-Saxon literature?
I'm familiar with the story and (somewhat) with the themes but I'm not sure I understand why this particular poem is considered so important. Can't find any direct information regarding this question just by googling, either.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1o8brc/why_is_beowulf_considered_such_an_important_work/
{ "a_id": [ "ccpro9d" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "It is the longest and most complete work written in Old English, the Anglo-Saxon language. Until rather recently, the 1930s in fact, it was not regarded as good literature at all. JRR Tolkien was a professor of Anglo-Saxon and it is his essay \"B...
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[ [] ]
5rvjv7
How were colors made by the Romans?
Back when I was a kid, I remember my teacher saying that it has not been found out yet, how they produced colors. Has it been found out yet, or is it still undiscovered?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5rvjv7/how_were_colors_made_by_the_romans/
{ "a_id": [ "ddb88br" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Dyes were made from a variety of mineral and vegetal origins. The famous purple came from crushing a molusc (Murex). Yellow came from saffron (crocus sativus) which is also what gives paella it color. Dark blue was obtained from Indigo (indigofer...
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[ [] ]
bcsqy6
It seems the earliest stories are myths, legends, and folktales that millions believed to be true. When did people begin writing intentionally fictional stories that everyone knew wasn't true?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/bcsqy6/it_seems_the_earliest_stories_are_myths_legends/
{ "a_id": [ "ekt5cas" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "The folktale is an ancient genre that was consistently told as fiction. They were the oral \"novels\" of the folk. Most of the Grimms' fairy tales are of this genre, and many have histories that reach back centuries. Recent efforts to chart older...
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[ [] ]
gvy44
Why does the sky feel bigger in parts of the western US?
Montana for example. Obviously it is called "Big Sky country" and the sky really does seem bigger. I assumed it had something to do with there being big treeless spaces-- but the sky seems bigger even when I'm surrounded by trees, buildings or mountains. Could it have something to do with being at a higher elevation or...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gvy44/why_does_the_sky_feel_bigger_in_parts_of_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c1qo4n8", "c1qoojr", "c1qovws", "c1qpe1w", "c1qpnb0", "c1qpnzc", "c1qq34r", "c1qqtit" ], "score": [ 11, 9, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "This seems extremely subjective and not something one could really prove...\n\nI remember i...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.jaunted.com/files/1747/REs_Road.jpg", "http://www.interstate25.info/images/I25N_E203.jpg" ], [], [] ]
17xsuq
why would a company like dell go 'private'?
See article: _URL_0_
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/17xsuq/eli5_why_would_a_company_like_dell_go_private/
{ "a_id": [ "c89t0w6", "c89tysf" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "Control is the answer. In a public company if you want to make a big change, you have a department meeting, then you have a board meeting, and you debate what the stock price will do if you make this change, and if it's big ...
[]
[ "http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/Dell-Buyout-Private-Silver-Lake-Michael-Dell,news-42496.html#xtor=RSS-980" ]
[ [], [] ]
aa6yc7
Are there any specific African countries the United Kingdom got their slaves from during the Atlantic Slave Trade?
To provide a little bit of backstory: My dad’s parents come from the Caribbean (his father from St. Kitts and his mother from the British Virgin Islands), and very little is known about his family history. My grandfather was an orphan and thus didn’t know where his parents or grand parents came from. While my grandmot...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/aa6yc7/are_there_any_specific_african_countries_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ecroc93" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "British slave traders did have preferred regions in West Africa where they purchased slaves. [This](_URL_1_) map is a rough sketch of the various regions in West and Southeastern Africa where slave traders visited. Part of the problem would be, f...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://imgur.com/a/NmMRmc1", "https://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/3014/5669/4824/Transatlantic_Slave_Trade.jpg", "http://slavevoyages.org/estimates/Rm0lxuFC", "http://slavevoyages.org/" ] ]
1ysbhe
how is it that banks create money?
I find this very difficult to get my head around - I read that it's the banks that create money but I can't quite work out it happens? There has been a few awesome ELI5 topics on similar things (which funnily enough answered questions I didn't know I had) however I can't seem to find the answer to this one.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ysbhe/eli5_how_is_it_that_banks_create_money/
{ "a_id": [ "cfnb2yi", "cfnbbok", "cfnbcdp", "cfnbrlw" ], "score": [ 4, 2, 7, 2 ], "text": [ "I lent you 100 dollars but tell you that in two months I want 120 dollars back. After two months I have 20 dollars more than what I started with.\n\nNow, did I create that money? N...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.amazon.co.uk/Whoops-Why-everyone-owes-one/dp/014104571X" ] ]
2hr3i7
If a newborn human or animal were blindfolded immediately after birth until they were an adult, could or would they be able to use their eyes after removal of the blindfold?
I'm assuming that the connections in the visual area of the brain would never form since the eyes couldn't be used but would it be possible for the brain to create those connections as adults and what would the world look like immediately after removal of blindfold? Like huge blobs and blurs of color?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2hr3i7/if_a_newborn_human_or_animal_were_blindfolded/
{ "a_id": [ "ckvc9x0" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "I don't know if the removal of the blindfold would allow some visual development as an adult in real life, but from what I've learned in class, the textbook answer was no, the kid would be blind for life.\n\nYou're right, the neural connections n...
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[ [] ]
49wslj
why do british people, who are supposedly speaking proper english, pronounce 'th' as 'f'? something is pronounce sumfin as an example.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/49wslj/eli5why_do_british_people_who_are_supposedly/
{ "a_id": [ "d0vjebi", "d0vk03g", "d0vrk51", "d0vsug1", "d0vudq6" ], "score": [ 23, 6, 5, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "There are dozens upon dozens of accents in Britain, even if you limit it to just England. \"Proper\" English, which is sometimes referred to as \"The Queen's...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th-fronting" ], [], [], [] ]
3g8dv7
When was the oldest common ancestor across the Homo Genus that would allow interbreeding?
I have been watching (and rewatching) a lot of Sci-Fi of late to include BSG, Star Trek and the like. In BSG, the ending (good or bad) is made to basically show that humans evolved on two different planets in exactly the same manner, or near enough to allow inter breeding. Now, I know the possibility of such is next ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3g8dv7/when_was_the_oldest_common_ancestor_across_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ctvvuzv", "ctvykh8" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "This is way outside the realm of 'history', which deals with recorded history, not 'everything in the past'. You'd probably do better over at /r/askscience.\n\nAs far as I'm aware, it isn't terribly clear how far removed you...
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[ [], [] ]
3dem63
What rough percentage of universities required Ancient Greek and Latin? From when to when?
I limit this question to universities in Canada, UK, and the US. I know that certain competitive universities required Ancient Greek and Latin for admissions, and also university study. For example, page 10 of 17 [of this PDF](_URL_0_) states Oxford University's admissions requirement, of knowledge of Ancient Greek ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3dem63/what_rough_percentage_of_universities_required/
{ "a_id": [ "ct4f495" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "From the establishment of medieval universities up to the early to mid-20th century, 100% of universities required Latin. It's difficult to say when the requirement was dropped, because that depended on individual universities and regions.\n\nGre...
[]
[ "https://www.oxfordenglish.co.uk/PDF/Oxford/Everything%20you%20need%20to%20know%20about%20the%20University%20of%20Oxford.pdf", "http://qr.ae/RNzZUg" ]
[ [] ]
4alvdu
why are the sums of odd numbers equal to squares?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4alvdu/eli5why_are_the_sums_of_odd_numbers_equal_to/
{ "a_id": [ "d11jsqz", "d11kdkd" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "The easiest way is to think about square numbers as literal squares.\n\nYou can break a square down into a series of concentric L shapes, each containing the next odd number.\n\nc | c | c\n-|-|-|-\n**c** | *b* | *b*\n**c**| ...
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[ [], [] ]
1yvpvv
why people spend too much money on funerals?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1yvpvv/eli5_why_people_spend_too_much_money_on_funerals/
{ "a_id": [ "cfo71md" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "People may spend a lot as a tribute to the person that has died. They may feel that they are obliged to spend a considerable amount or that they will feel bad afterwards. Or they may feel guilty already that they didn't treat the person well in l...
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1sni58
how do hostage negotiations work?
When they make "deals" with the hostage taker how much do they honor those deals? When I watched Captain Phillips the negotiator made all of these false promises and I was wondering if this is common practice.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1sni58/eli5_how_do_hostage_negotiations_work/
{ "a_id": [ "cdzbvuc", "cdzmdnw", "cdzn4km" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 12 ], "text": [ "I'd guess rarely, or to the minimum amount possible. If they always give the hostage takers what they want, that just encourages others to try this same tactic in the future.", "Ricky Gervais talk...
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[ [], [], [] ]
d8o6sj
- what about the 'funny bone' gives us that super weird feeling in our nerves?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d8o6sj/eli5_what_about_the_funny_bone_gives_us_that/
{ "a_id": [ "f1bljal" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Just to clarify, the funny bone isn't a bone at all. There's a location on the inside of your elbow where the main branch of the ulnar nerve runs very close to the skin. The ulnar nerve goes all the way down your arm, into your hand, and to your ...
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[ [] ]
aiqzof
Meteor strike during eclipse: What causes flash of light?
So you're probably aware there was a meteor strike during the big eclipse (link here: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)) and it got me wondering. The flash of light we see, what is it? An explosion of some sort? But how in an oxygen free place? Probably a silly question, but please enlighten me.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/aiqzof/meteor_strike_during_eclipse_what_causes_flash_of/
{ "a_id": [ "eeqwgst" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Meteors typically impact the moon at speeds above 8 kilometers *per second*. At that velocity, the impact is going to generate so much heat that much of the meteor and the ground that it strikes will be liquefied/vaporized, and hot enough to visi...
[]
[ "https://www.space.com/43075-blood-moon-2019-meteor-impact-video.html" ]
[ [] ]
ltxd1
How did they know that the neutrinos that hit Gran Sasso where from Cern? (Might just be a simple confirmation).
I asked this is ELI5: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_). The most satisfactory response for me was: "...my guess is that CERN sends a concentrated beam of neutrinos that is significantly larger than the normal amount coming from the Sun. Then any detection above the base 'noise' level would be from CERN." Can someone confirm if this ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ltxd1/how_did_they_know_that_the_neutrinos_that_hit/
{ "a_id": [ "c2vldf6", "c2vlryw", "c2vm49j", "c2vldf6", "c2vlryw", "c2vm49j" ], "score": [ 6, 2, 2, 6, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Lurker on reddit for 4 years and finally this made me create an account.\n\nCERN does indeed send a beam of concentrated neutrinos direc...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ls9qq/eli5_how_they_knew_which_neutrinos_were_the_ones/" ]
[ [ "http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/research/AccelComplex-en.html" ], [ "http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=neutrino+opera&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&biw=1439&bih=779&tbm=isch&tbnid=aK65P2FASib79M:&imgrefurl=http://scienceblogs.com/principles/2011/09/faster_than_a_spee...
cgndwa
what's the difference between sorting by best and sorting by hot?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cgndwa/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_sorting_by_best/
{ "a_id": [ "euiq53z" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Hot means they’re very active right now; best means they’re highly upvoted.\n\nControversial means they’re highly up AND downvoted.\n\nAnd New means they’ve recently arrived." ] }
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[ [] ]
3ysx6l
you have my full name and my social security number, what can you do to me?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ysx6l/eli5_you_have_my_full_name_and_my_social_security/
{ "a_id": [ "cygaufb", "cygbi5n", "cygcju0", "cyggkrv", "cygie82", "cygkjwp", "cygllui", "cyglvxq", "cygm87p", "cygmmey", "cygmqu2", "cygmrpr", "cygo4h7", "cygo661", "cygpk6q", "cygrdgw", "cygskoh", "cygsnc6", "cygzuot" ], "score": [ ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/09/opm-hack-fingerprints/406900/" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://krebsonsecurity.com/2015/06/how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-embrace-the-security-freeze/" ] ]
7xv38k
Why is the land around Mt Fuji so flat?
I have seen pictures and topo maps of Mt Fuji (_URL_0_), and the land surrounding the mountain is impressively flat, then impressively mountainous. Is this unusual? How does this happen?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7xv38k/why_is_the_land_around_mt_fuji_so_flat/
{ "a_id": [ "duc1799" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "This is called a lava field:\n\n_URL_1_\n\nIt is formed by basaltic lava flows from the stratovolcano at the center (Mount Fuji).\n\nThe last time the area around Mount Fuji was covered in molten lava was the Jōgan eruption in 864 CE:\n\n_URL_0_\...
[]
[ "https://goo.gl/maps/GuWNF7kGGso" ]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_eruptions_of_Mount_Fuji#Jōgan_eruption", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field" ] ]
5n8yvj
Was slavery legal in the Italian city-states in the early 15th century?
I've been watching the Netflix show, *Medici: Masters of Florence*. When Cosimo de' Medici is exiled to Venice, he's given a woman named Maddalena as a slave; later, when he goes back to Florence, she continues to be considered his/the family's slave. Obviously I don't expect much from a tv drama in the way of accurac...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5n8yvj/was_slavery_legal_in_the_italian_citystates_in/
{ "a_id": [ "dca306n" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "Different cities had different laws regarding servitude. If Maddalena had been clever, she would have bolted from Cosimo's entourage once she was in sight of Bologna. \n\nu/Enrico_Dandolo and I had [a discussion about the Italian slave trade here...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5h310h/in_fifteenth_century_europe_slaves_made_up/" ] ]
75id1l
shouldn't high blood pressure be a good workout for your heart?
If you eat salt, it makes your blood thicker, which puts more pressure on the heart to pump blood. Shouldn't things like this be a good exercise for your heart, as long as they are temporary?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/75id1l/eli5_shouldnt_high_blood_pressure_be_a_good/
{ "a_id": [ "do6dofx", "do6dyt2", "do6q9kx" ], "score": [ 8, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "The warning you see about high blood pressure aren't about the danger of raising it for a few hours. They are about the danger of *chronic* or *long-term* high blood pressure.", "Technically yes, bu...
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[ [], [], [] ]