q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4j0d6y | why is the unit of distance light 'year'? | My noobie self needs a reminder every time I read 'n light years' that it's a unit of distance, not time. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4j0d6y/eli5_why_is_the_unit_of_distance_light_year/ | {
"a_id": [
"d32kmqj",
"d32l02a"
],
"score": [
7,
8
],
"text": [
"Light travels at a finite, but very fast, speed. That speed is a constant in space, 299,792,458 meters every second. So after a second, light has traveled a specific distance. After a week, light has traveled a specific dist... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
63hxcs | when metalsmith's make swords, when we did we begin to fully understand what was happening with the metal from a scientific perspective? | Hey all,
I watch a lot of videos on how to make swords and knives. Many of these videos explain what is happening to the metal as they shape it in to a blade.
But, when did we begin to fully understand what was happening with the metal at a molecular level? For instance, there are some videos that say that folding t... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/63hxcs/eli5_when_metalsmiths_make_swords_when_we_did_we/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfu9dtk"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"For a long time, metallurgy was a refined trade that was held by master craftsmen, who did not trust their knowledge to anyone except their apprentices, because if 'just anyone' knew what they knew, the local smith might quickly be out of a job. ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
347g1r | why are there so few boy names compared to girl names? | I've been thinking about how many more options there seem to be when naming girls as opposed to boys. I realize that there are popular names that dominate for both sexes, but there seem to be a dozen or so male names that make up like 70% of the men I know. Can anyone shed some light on this? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/347g1r/eli5_why_are_there_so_few_boy_names_compared_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqryjp9",
"cqs6f3s"
],
"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Men as whole are grown and brought up more conservatively. A lot of flair isn't viewed as being cute or a plus for men. Be it names, styles, the way they act or show emotions... et cetera.\n\nIt is socially more acceptable f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
12nuuj | Can we make machines that run on ATP or glucose? If not, why? | I was wondering if we could make a device that will extract energy from bloodflow. Maybe we could use it to lose weight by spending energy like a parasitic worm but without the ill side-effects. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12nuuj/can_we_make_machines_that_run_on_atp_or_glucose/ | {
"a_id": [
"c6wo5i9",
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"c6wpa5s",
"c6wqll2",
"c6wrb0r",
"c6wsngq",
"c6wygsj",
"c6wywz8",
"c6x6bl1"
],
"score": [
4,
35,
14,
10,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"A device like that woul... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC368168/",
"http://www.nanofolio.org/win/nanotechnology05.php"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0038436"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja211714w"
],
[
"htt... | |
a5tsxb | so i know that you can't eat/drink x hours before surgery to not aspirate your food, but what do they do when it's an unexpected surgery and the person just ate, like a car crash or burst appendix, etc? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a5tsxb/eli5_so_i_know_that_you_cant_eatdrink_x_hours/ | {
"a_id": [
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"ebqfo56",
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"score": [
23,
74,
36,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"They operate anyway.\n\nYou fast and go on the toilet before surgery to make it safer, it is not like they can't operate on you if yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
3yxw3i | eu and the usa are pretty equal economically. why do all usa major cities have massive skyscrapers while europe has little to none. | Here are some examples.
London: _URL_0_
New York: _URL_6_
Berlin: _URL_3_
Chicago: _URL_7_
Madrid:_URL_4_
Dallas: _URL_5_
Rome:_URL_2_
Seattle:_URL_1_ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3yxw3i/eli5_eu_and_the_usa_are_pretty_equal_economically/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyhy2e4",
"cyhk2cc",
"cyhk3v0",
"cyhkehj",
"cyhkh6u",
"cyhlee9",
"cyhnzzh"
],
"score": [
3,
45,
5,
2,
9,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Skyscrapers were built in America for 2 reasons:\n1. Land was at a premium. New York City isn't that big size-w... | [] | [
"http://www.beingbrunel.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/london-skyline.jpg",
"https://main2seattle.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/seattle-skyline-istock.jpg",
"https://ship-stuff.com/files/images/rome.jpg",
"https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8201/8182802843_c29dd06f9b_b.jpg",
"https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5042/537... | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
a79k8z | I keep hearing that we’re currently in the “Golden Age of Television.” Was there ever a time when humans did not consider their present tv programs/shows to *not* be a “Golden Age?” | I’ve heard and read in multiple places that we’re living in the “Golden Age of Television,” so I decided to look up what that meant and if it has been used before. From multiple sources, it seems like it could include parts of every decade back to the 1940s.
_URL_2_
_URL_1_
_URL_0_
_URL_3_
Was there ever a time w... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a79k8z/i_keep_hearing_that_were_currently_in_the_golden/ | {
"a_id": [
"efkostr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"In the 60s we called television a great wasteland. We thought of the 50s as the golden age. \n\nI have identified 1967 as the lowest point of the great TV wasteland. \"The Monkees\" won for best comedy, \"Mission Impossible\" won best drama, and ... | [] | [
"http://www.canadianbusiness.com/the-new-golden-age-of-television/",
"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/10/business/media/fenced-in-by-televisions-excess-of-excellence.html",
"https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/05/the-golden-age-of-television-is-officially-over.html",
"http://www.businessinsider.com/di... | [
[]
] | |
4uvkz5 | Origin of the typical angel-image with wings and aureole | When you say "angel" most people will probably immediately think of a person in a white robe with white wings and the typical golden ring above the head.
Where did that image come from?
And how did that original become the angel of today? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4uvkz5/origin_of_the_typical_angelimage_with_wings_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5tg4bp"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Hi, not discouraging more contributions here, but just fyi, there have been a few threads on angels that you may be interested in\n\n* [Where did the modern conception of Angels come from? How did they change through history?](_URL_1_) - featurin... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1n8ybm/when_and_why_did_painters_begin_to_portray_angels/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ggc9i/where_did_the_modern_conception_of_angels_come/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3sm3qi/how_did_angels_in_western_chris... | |
28s4u2 | why does someone talking in your ear in a very loud environment (ie. concert) sound deafening? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28s4u2/eli5_why_does_someone_talking_in_your_ear_in_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cidy1tv",
"cidzayd",
"cie17yy"
],
"score": [
10,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because they are talking loudly/shouting directly into your ear, which would hurt your ears even if there was no music.",
"....you're asking why do loud sounds sound deafening?\n\nThe answer is bec... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4h2mz1 | why stock photos are so damn expensive, and why it's reasonable to buy them at its price | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4h2mz1/eli5_why_stock_photos_are_so_damn_expensive_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2mvga8"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Because it's still cheaper than hiring a film crew and an actor to film a 4 second clip of a girl diving."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8cp82c | why can’t urine and semen mix together when you release? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8cp82c/eli5_why_cant_urine_and_semen_mix_together_when/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxgnwc9"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I mean, they *can*, there's nothing in the fluids that stop them from interacting, but there's a muscle that acts as sort of natural valve that cuts off access between the bladder and urethra when ejaculation is occurring; the semen will mix with... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
267zuc | How accurate were the most accurate archers in medieval Europe? | Are they comparable to modern archers, and how much did changes in technology affect accuracy? Were archers from other parts of the world more skilled? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/267zuc/how_accurate_were_the_most_accurate_archers_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"chqgcd2"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Archery in Europe had been around for almost all of its history. The earliest longbow known from England, found at Ashcott Heath, Somerset, is dated to 2665 BC it was mostly used for hunting. Hunting bows were smaller than war bows and easier (no... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1n1dwe | how does conditioner make hair go from a tangled mess to being able to have a comb run through it? | As the title states I'm curious how conditioner can untangle hair and make it easier to have combs run through it almost like there was no tangled mess to begin with. How do the chemicals in the conditioner do that? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1n1dwe/eli5how_does_conditioner_make_hair_go_from_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccejhm1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The conditioner is basically oils, so it lubricates the strands allowing them to slide past each other and untangle easier."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
17o0u9 | How common are rare diseases, when viewed in aggregate? How often will a general practitioner see a disease which he is likely to never see again in his career? | Just to clarify, I'm not asking directly for what defines a rare disease, I'm asking roughly what percentage of total disease you'd come to if you added up all the diseases which are rare (or at least fall within a particular definition of rare). Does a histogram of human illness have a long tail, or is it bunched up m... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17o0u9/how_common_are_rare_diseases_when_viewed_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"c87eb8t"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Say a rare disease affects exactly 70,000 people worldwide, then the raw chance of your encountering a person with that disease is 7e5/7e9, or 1/1e4, one in ten thousand. Then if the number of rare diseases affecting exactly 70,000 people worldwi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rarediseases.html"
]
] | |
2mbaxw | Why do certain foods (like meat) have a lot of protein, but others (like vegetables) have almost none? Don't all biological cells contain protein? | 100 g of steak = 25 g protein
100 g of lettuce = 1.4 g protein
but
100 g soy beans = 36 g protein
All are composed of biological cells, so why is this? Does the amount of protein molecules really differ that much between cells? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2mbaxw/why_do_certain_foods_like_meat_have_a_lot_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm328dg"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Not all cells are the same obviously. The meat you eat are largely comprised of muscle cells with lots of proteins. To put it simply, cells can specialise to serve different biological functions and as a result can vary greatly in a biological se... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
deegcp | what causes down syndrome and the different variations of it | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/deegcp/eli5_what_causes_down_syndrome_and_the_different/ | {
"a_id": [
"f2unn35"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Down syndrome can be due to a variety of things. One of the most common is what is called a meiotic non-disjunction.\n\nWhen our sex cells aka gametes divide, they undergo a process called meiosis. All eggs and sperm undergo this process so that ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4u620x | Why did so many Romans's names end with us? | Julius, Octavius, Augustus, Marius, etc. Did it signify class or maybe it was a naming trend? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4u620x/why_did_so_many_romanss_names_end_with_us/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5n5ojv"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"It's just Latin grammar. -us is the nominative male second declension ending for a noun.* and I don't really know Latin so there are probably exceptions but because of this grammatical rule most male names seemed to end with -us, just as most fem... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
cksjao | how are movies dubbed into a second language while maintaining other background audio? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cksjao/eli5_how_are_movies_dubbed_into_a_second_language/ | {
"a_id": [
"evq3dnl",
"evq3kqr",
"evq3w49"
],
"score": [
26,
2,
6
],
"text": [
"The background audio and voice audio are separate tracks. They are laid over each other to create the illusion of a single track. For other languages, the native voice track is removed and the second l... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
6c5wem | when jumping a car battery, why is it better to clamp the black clamp, intended for the dead battery, to medal instead of to the battery? and why does it still work when you do clamp it to the battery? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6c5wem/eli5_when_jumping_a_car_battery_why_is_it_better/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhs4mlu"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"When you connect the 4th clamp to the dead car there's some chance there will be an arc of electricity just before the clamp closes or just after it's reopened. Since dead batteries being charged can release flammable gasses, and all the metal i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6s8jto | What did soldiers in the ancient world do once they were past fighting age? Did they receive a pension and retire? Did they have to join the workforce? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6s8jto/what_did_soldiers_in_the_ancient_world_do_once/ | {
"a_id": [
"dlbkye7",
"dlbmho1"
],
"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"This is a very broad and somewhat vague question; I'd recommend narrowing the scope down to a more specific time and place in history, such as the Early Roman Republic or the Han dynasty.\n\nAlthough, in broad strokes, the v... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6mlv1v/what_did_spartan_men_do_in_their_free_time_after/dk3gz68/"
]
] | ||
3775d7 | the trees in my yard drop thousands of those helicopter seeds each year. why have i never seen new trees sprout from them? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3775d7/eli5the_trees_in_my_yard_drop_thousands_of_those/ | {
"a_id": [
"crk88f3",
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"crk9ztg",
"crkrdkf"
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"score": [
73,
17,
18,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Do you mow the grass around the tree?",
"Germinating and sprouting depend on many conditions - only a few out of the thousands of seeds actually have t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2vi35y | Is diffraction a consequence of photons acting as though they're waves? | Conceptually, I'm tempted to compare it to fluid turbulence. Would I be correct? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2vi35y/is_diffraction_a_consequence_of_photons_acting_as/ | {
"a_id": [
"coi18oy"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Yes.\n\nHowever, to add a bit of nuance, photons exhibit wave-particle duality in which they have the properties of both a particle and a wave, but are truly neither. A large conglomerate of photons tends to behave like a classical wave, but even... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2rahcp | what is the purpose of having academically gifted children attend university at an early age? | My university has a special program which allows students to take university classes starting from age 14. I know a 16 year old girl who is a registered university student and she is required to stay in the regular dorms with her older brother who is also a student.
I heard her mention that most of the older guys in... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2rahcp/eli5_what_is_the_purpose_of_having_academically/ | {
"a_id": [
"cne0ifw",
"cne0njk",
"cne4ao7"
],
"score": [
12,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Skipping grades and attending college courses can be one of the simplest ways for gifted children to learn material that matches their abilities.\n\nHowever, it's not without problems - mostly the soci... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_skipping"
],
[],
[]
] | |
j5p1u | Why aren't computer-generated random numbers truly random? Does it matter? Are they in any meaningful way less random than dice rolls? | I know (or think I know) that random numbers generated by a computer are not truly random. From the perspective of most users, I assume they're as random as they need to be. Are there any circumstances in which their not-truly-random nature actually matters?
Are dice rolls more truly random? Or is it just that we are ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/j5p1u/why_arent_computergenerated_random_numbers_truly/ | {
"a_id": [
"c29cumv",
"c29cycm",
"c29cylz",
"c29dj9z",
"c29ds7g",
"c29e7v4",
"c29cumv",
"c29cycm",
"c29cylz",
"c29dj9z",
"c29ds7g",
"c29e7v4"
],
"score": [
7,
6,
16,
2,
2,
2,
7,
6,
16,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://c-faq.com/lib/notveryrand.html"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot_machine#Random_number_generators"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28computing%29#Entropy_in_the_Linux_kernel",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavarand"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"htt... | |
o5cqi | Does Earth receive enough energy from Moon to get warmer? Would be there any significant difference in climate if the Moon was all black? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/o5cqi/does_earth_receive_enough_energy_from_moon_to_get/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3ejjjf",
"c3ejptf",
"c3ekjda"
],
"score": [
13,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The diameter of the moon is ~1/4 that of earth, and so therefore it receives, on average, 1/16 the solar energy. I can't comment too accurately on the percentage of that which is reflected, but I'd ima... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Retro-Reflection+phenomena",
"http://heatisland2009.lbl.gov/docs/211450-sakai-doc.pdf"
],
[]
] | ||
ivlj5 | Questions on evolution of hive-forming ants, bees | Two related questions. Under what circumstances would the strategy of having reproduction centered around a queen be unfavored, such that another strategy might be adopted? I'm trying to picture ants/bees evolving back to something resembling the way their ancestors reproduced.
Secondly, why was the formation of hive... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ivlj5/questions_on_evolution_of_hiveforming_ants_bees/ | {
"a_id": [
"c26zqsb",
"c2732v7"
],
"score": [
23,
2
],
"text": [
"Hello. Entomologist here. I can definitely answer your second question. The first, however, is fairly difficult given the usual direction of social evolution. Hopefully someone can elaborate on that one for you...\n\nWhen c... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/irdsi/bees_work_together_en_masse_to_generate_a_level/c261n9u"
],
[]
] | |
60wj0b | why is sports gambling generally centered around point spreads instead of direct results (winners/losers)? | Edit: over/under is another basic one, but doesn't really change the question. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/60wj0b/eli5_why_is_sports_gambling_generally_centered/ | {
"a_id": [
"df9tyw9",
"df9u0el",
"df9u25j",
"dfa1mvy"
],
"score": [
2,
4,
23,
3
],
"text": [
"Because otherwise it's hard to get bets. Imagine two teams, Foo University and Bar State College. Foo has a great team, is undefeated this season. Bar State has a record of 2-7 an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1w5o6l | why do hot objects weigh differently compared to room temperature objects. | My Chem lab professor said that we have to wait for things to cool to room temperature so we could get an accurate measurement. I don't understand why. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w5o6l/eli5why_do_hot_objects_weigh_differently_compared/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceywl66",
"ceywo3a",
"ceywqy4"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There's two reasons why you have to wait for a constant temperature to weigh something: one is that hot air is less dense than cold air, and can produce a buoyancy that tends to lift the object up and ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
367qu0 | what is the inevitable fate of earth and humanity right now? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/367qu0/eli5_what_is_the_inevitable_fate_of_earth_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"crbhcij"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"For starters, I have to wonder why you keep talking about NASA rather than a more relevant body like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) who put out [a report every year](_URL_0_) that summarises the results of that year's resear... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf"
]
] | ||
871aaa | if a defendant admits to committing a crime to their lawyer, they are still obligated to build a defense, so why are they not tried for perjury when they’re knowingly lying under oath? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/871aaa/eli5_if_a_defendant_admits_to_committing_a_crime/ | {
"a_id": [
"dw9eop6",
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"score": [
8,
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"text": [
"A lawyer can't purposely introduce testimony or evidence they know to be false. So for example, if I'm defending someone and their alibi is that they were at work and the evidence is a time card that's ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1siyxy | why are we bad at coming up with random numbers? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1siyxy/eli5_why_are_we_bad_at_coming_up_with_random/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdy210o",
"cdy2mh6"
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"score": [
3,
4
],
"text": [
"Because we're good at finding patterns. We are strongly biased towards thinking in patterns.",
"Same reason that answering 'C' 4x in a row pisses people off. We tend to see patterns in short runs of random numbers, even ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
81ahxs | what’s that weird sound when you’re about to drive off the highway or you’re on an interstate ramp? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/81ahxs/eli5_whats_that_weird_sound_when_youre_about_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"dv1pvcb"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"The rumble strips? They're there to alert you you're drifting. It's to help prevent people from phasing out while driving or falling asleep at the wheel."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3bj90n | How to read a history book? | I'm not sure if this qualifies for a Meta tag or not, if so I apologize.
I've been wanting to get into WWI for a long time and, following the book list, I bought John Keegan's *The First World War*.
My question is *how* am I supposed to read it? Cover to cover and then going back to specific points? Take notes on eac... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3bj90n/how_to_read_a_history_book/ | {
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"Depends on how long you have to read it and what you are reading it for. For me there are three ways I read books.\n\nThe first, I read the introduction/first chapter and then the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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3z1e9v | how are all the roses used on floats at the rose parade kept to look so alive and healthy? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3z1e9v/eli5_how_are_all_the_roses_used_on_floats_at_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"They're still fresh. The floats get petals and other plant products applied to them as close to the parade as possible. Several years ago I helped on a float and there wasn't a single one in that building that wasn't still g... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.afloral.com/Floral-Supplies/Water-Tubes-and-Picks"
]
] | ||
bdi1sa | how do parent companies work? | Do the owned companies send a portion of their profit to the parent? For example: Disney owns ESPN. How does Disney make money off of that? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bdi1sa/eli5_how_do_parent_companies_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"eky9jxt"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"During contracts or legal takeover agreements they will normally decide what percentage of profits the child company (company that has been taken over) pays the parent company each month. \n\nI used to work for an insurance company and the depar... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3ilzeg | how do staffing / temp agencies work? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ilzeg/eli5_how_do_staffing_temp_agencies_work/ | {
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"text": [
" > Why don't the places in my area looking for data entry specialists and office assistants and managers just post the jobs themselves? \n\nHiring people can ... | [] | [] | [
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1farx4 | Dan Carlin, of the Hardcore History podcast, is doing an IAMA thread over in r/History | Over in /r/History, Dan Carlin is doing an [IAMA thread](_URL_1_) currently. Dan is the creator and host of the [Hardcore History](_URL_4_) podcast.
Later this week, we have two more upcoming IAMA threads as well:
* Friday, May 31st, **Mike Duncan** of **[The History of Rome](_URL_0_)** podcast at about 6:30 PM ES... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1farx4/dan_carlin_of_the_hardcore_history_podcast_is/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"If anyone is interested in Dan Carlin's previous AMA in this subreddit: [Hey Everyone...I'm Dan Carlin host of the \"Hardcore History\" (and \"Common Sense\") podcasts...feel free to Ask Me Anything](_URL_0_)",
"Ah, Dan... | [] | [
"http://thehistoryofrome.typepad.com/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/history/comments/1fard6/dan_carlin_here_from_the_hardcore_history_podcast/",
"http://12byzantinerulers.com/",
"http://normancenturies.com/",
"http://www.dancarlin.com/disp.php/hharchive"
] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/19hkqe/hey_everyoneim_dan_carlin_host_of_the_hardcore/"
],
[]
] | |
5cqmk2 | why do cells use specifics genes instead of others? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5cqmk2/eli5why_do_cells_use_specifics_genes_instead_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I think I get your question. First of all, there is a hierarchy of cells: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and unipotent cells. Totipotent cells (the highest 'order' of stem cells) can develop into any body tissue (including the placenta), wh... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
6y47g5 | how do completely autonomous vehicles navigate parking lots? | Seems to me like parking lots have some of the most unpredictable driving conditions. How does an autonomous vehicle decide which spot to take? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6y47g5/eli5_how_do_completely_autonomous_vehicles/ | {
"a_id": [
"dmkktnq"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Autonomous vehicles usually use a combination of stereoscopic cameras and LIDAR to build a 3D map of the local vicinity:\n\nStereo cameras use the slight differences between the images perceived by two side-by-side cameras to determine how far aw... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
drr5sk | Was there any Indian reaction or backlash to the Nazi's appropriation of the swastika? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/drr5sk/was_there_any_indian_reaction_or_backlash_to_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"f6ltafa"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Related/Followup question: Is \"appropriation\" the right word, here? I know that the swastika has a European history, too. It's known on churches across Europe, and I believe that there are some truly ancient swastika inscriptions. I suppose i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2t5p0f | What did typical Eastern Europeans eat about 600 years ago? | I have tried to google this and have not found much.
I know the peasants ate a lot of rye bread but how did they prepare it?
I am interested in what the poor or common people would eat. Not nobility. And I know sometimes they had to eat literally whatever they could find, but assuming it was not a family year. What w... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2t5p0f/what_did_typical_eastern_europeans_eat_about_600/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnw1hhb"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Oddly enough we have an idea on what people ate in time of Ivan the Terrible, or roughly 500 years ago. I don't really know of sources pertaining to anything prior to that, however I have an invaluable resource when it comes to the time of Ivan t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3y74wz | why are desktop processors still faster than phone processors if their gigahertz is the same? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3y74wz/eli5_why_are_desktop_processors_still_faster_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"cyb37jo"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Because they use more power. Your cell phone isn't plugged into a wall and can't draw hundreds of watts, so the instruction set and processor is designed to be ultra power efficient. That comes at the cost of speed. \n\nWith that in mind, clock r... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
g1wha7 | difference wifi booster extender vs repeater | Look to get proper WiFi signal in all rooms of my house. Large home. What to look into? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g1wha7/eli5_difference_wifi_booster_extender_vs_repeater/ | {
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"text": [
"The best option is an extender, which uses a wired connection. If you can run an Ethernet cable between two rooms, or if you could use a Powerline adapter, then you'll essentially have two (or more) Wifi access points that ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4c7446 | why can some people sense changes in the weather coming in their injured body parts? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4c7446/eli5_why_can_some_people_sense_changes_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1fl3ly",
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"score": [
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23
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"text": [
"Weather patterns result in changes to barometric pressure. Changes to barometric pressure results in measurable changes to the pressure within joints. People with and without injuries can sometimes feel this, but addition... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3hv96f | if a person jumped out of a plane and lightning struck him, would he absorb the whole beam or would the lightning continue down to the ground? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hv96f/eli5_if_a_person_jumped_out_of_a_plane_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cuau1v5",
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"score": [
9,
2,
2
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"text": [
"no chance he would \"absorb\" the beam. The act of lightening is the flow of electrons, of which he does not have nearly enough to neutralize the imbalance (nor is a human notably charged to release th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
traz5 | Medication - is there a difference between absorption in the mouth vs. stomach? | I've read that in the event of early symptoms of angina one should put an aspirin under their tongue, as there will be some direct absorption into the veins there, delivering the blood thinner directly to the heart.
I guess first of all - is this true?
Secondly, if so - is there a difference between doing that and ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/traz5/medication_is_there_a_difference_between/ | {
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"text": [
"To experts who have come here to answer this question: If you have the time, please consider fact-checking and adding citations to _URL_0_.",
"I'm not so sure that just putting the aspirin under the tongue will do much i... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_administration"
],
[
"http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/updates/update0505a.shtml"
]
] | |
2yi9f4 | why is it that when a pen runs out of ink, i can write somewhere else, even the same letter, perfectly fine, but when i go back to write where i was originally, the pen refuses to let out ink? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yi9f4/eli5why_is_it_that_when_a_pen_runs_out_of_ink_i/ | {
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"text": [
"You are using a ballpoint pen I take it? In order to write the ball must turn, but the paper was smashed smooth where you were behind.",
"If the pen w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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1rsacl | Was Mohammed's marriage to Aisha at the age of 6 ever criticized before the modern era? | In modern day, mainly speaking post 9/11, critics of Islam generally criticize it because it's founder, Mohammed, was wedded to a 6 year old, Aisha, and the marriage wasn't consummated until she was 9.
From what I have read, a marriage like that wasn't looked down upon back then. Nearly 1000 years later, Europe was fin... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1rsacl/was_mohammeds_marriage_to_aisha_at_the_age_of_6/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"There was a massive discussion about this less than a month ago,\n_URL_0_",
"According to professor Jonathan Brown, there is [no criticism](_URL_0_) of his marriage to Aisha at a young age before 1905, when the British h... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1prjap/did_muhammad_really_marry_and_have_sexual/"
],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE_zypf8DAU&t=3m30s"
]
] | |
167c73 | Is it better for my immune system (on the long run) to let my body fight sicknesses for itself or to treat them medically? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/167c73/is_it_better_for_my_immune_system_on_the_long_run/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7teq6u",
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Most medical treatments for colds are just to relieve the symptoms and do nothing to stop the underlying viral infection which is cleared by the immune system, so that isn't the best example. \n\nIf you are at the point wher... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_B_cell"
]
] | ||
2yftpb | US response to the USSR landing on Venus | Hello, I'm trying to find the US public response to the USSR's success of the Venera programme, but it's like there's a dark void on the internet about this subject.
Thanks. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2yftpb/us_response_to_the_ussr_landing_on_venus/ | {
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"text": [
"I am not a historian, but I am a history undergraduate student with some experience doing historical research. This topic is pretty far off from my usual topic of interest, but I figured I'd give ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/api/version1/getDocCui?lni=4MBC-V6P0-TXJ2-N0KS&csi=270944,270077,11059,8411&hl=t&hv=t&hnsd=f&hns=t&hgn=t&oc=00240&perma=true"
],
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"http://www.nasa.gov/50th/50th_magazine/coldWarCoOp.html",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/art... | |
5n31wf | how do pet rats differ from wild rats? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5n31wf/eli5_how_do_pet_rats_differ_from_wild_rats/ | {
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"text": [
"Pet rats are domesticated and are much more robust in build. They tend to be calmer and gentler and have evolved and adapted to a captive lifestyle with humans. Wild rats are...leaner, more twitchy, agg... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://youtu.be/fDCub6RMqBY"
]
] | |
71ma0o | How was the modern science of photosynthesis and respiration discovered? | I'm a second level science teacher and I often get asked when teaching photosynthesis & respiration "how did people discover this?" I can never give a definite answer. I'm aware how it was originally discovered ,but I want to be able to give the answer as to how the electron pathways and things like the Krebs cycle ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/71ma0o/how_was_the_modern_science_of_photosynthesis_and/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"Many groups of investigation over many years. A lot of it through traditional biochemistry of isolating compounds from extracts of organisms, adding substrates and following their evolution. Radiolabeling was a big help to h... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-chase_analysis"
],
[
"https://www.amazon.com/Power-Sex-Suicide-Mitochondria-Meaning/dp/0199205647"
]
] | |
2z7zq6 | why the audio/sound button on the electronic devices (e.g tv) is called "volume"? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2z7zq6/eli5_why_the_audiosound_button_on_the_electronic/ | {
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"text": [
"Because it controls how big a volume of air the sound can fill. \"Audio\" or \"sound\" w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/volume",
"Dictionary.com"
],
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"http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=volume&searchmode=none",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/etymology/comments/2o848r/use_of_the_word_volume_to_describe_sound/cmkn2ke",... | ||
3c1b4y | In elementary school, we were taught that the continental army defeated the British by adopting the tactics of the native Americans. While the redcoats marched in formation and fired from the line, the Americans would hide behind trees and stone walls. How accurate is this? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3c1b4y/in_elementary_school_we_were_taught_that_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"csrw7wn"
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"text": [
"Before someone has the time to come by and give you a more detailed answer here is the sections from the FAQ that deals with this.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThe basic gist is that what you were fed is about 99% romanticized BS, but we don't expect much from... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/us_history#wiki_colonial_america"
]
] | ||
c2f5n8 | How did so much Celtic and Norse mythology survive where many other pre-Christian European mythology did not? | To make this question more specific, I was trying to discover more about the pre-Christian mythology in (what is now) the Netherlands. Since our history classes only ever talked about the Romans and then just skipped straight ahead to Christian early medieval times. Only to discover that there's essentially nothing on... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c2f5n8/how_did_so_much_celtic_and_norse_mythology/ | {
"a_id": [
"erlicwh"
],
"score": [
18
],
"text": [
"I'd challenge the notion (and do so a lot on this sub) that we really know so much about pre-Christian Norse religion. It _didn't_ survive to be written down in the Eddas. Snorri wrote those around 1220, by which time Iceland had been 'officiall... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2xkjix | what is with all the half life 3 hype? what makes 1 + 2 so amazing that 3 is the unicorn of future games? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2xkjix/eli5_what_is_with_all_the_half_life_3_hype_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp0wdcq"
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"score": [
6
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"text": [
"Half-Life 1 is a classic and is considered one of the greatest FPSs of its era, if not of all time. It was pretty revolutionary in terms of level design and style of storytelling, and gave birth to Counter-Strike (originally a mod, as were Team F... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
tuivy | Is it possible to make a propeller that can operate and provide thrust in both air and water? | Could a propeller be used for thrust in the air, then later be submerged and operated at different rpm or pitch and used for thrust under water? Is it possible to reconcile the differences between aerial and marine propellers into one design that still works? At what scale would it become impractical? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tuivy/is_it_possible_to_make_a_propeller_that_can/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4puzct",
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"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"There is no fundamental reason why this wouldn't work, both media are fluids and the propeller operates under the same principle in both. Variable pitch and rpm props are the norm in modern prop aircraft so this wouldn't be ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
9pcg4k | how much of a temperature increase would there be if you poured a boiling kettles worth of water into a hot bath? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9pcg4k/eli5_how_much_of_a_temperature_increase_would/ | {
"a_id": [
"e80n7n2"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7urn8x | how does someone that was born and raised in another country choose a "western" name when they immigrate to western country? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7urn8x/eli5_how_does_someone_that_was_born_and_raised_in/ | {
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"dtmjxgn",
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"score": [
4,
3,
2,
3
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"text": [
"Some Western names are English translations of names in other languages, and some Western names just sound like names in other languages. Also, there are Christians all over the wo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9a6vfx | difference between ny stock exchange and nasdaq? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9a6vfx/eli5_difference_between_ny_stock_exchange_and/ | {
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"text": [
"The NYSE started all the way back in the 18th century, and the Nasdaq only started up in the 1970s. The Nasdaq was originally just for information purposes, and only later becam... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
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a3z6w2 | why are dots and dashes the only acceptable non-alphabetical/numerical characters in usernames on social media sites and message boards? | Like is there any specific reason as to why other characters cannot be accepted, like an asterisk or a currency symbol? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a3z6w2/eli5_why_are_dots_and_dashes_the_only_acceptable/ | {
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"eba8qrj",
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"reddit.com/u/the%3Fmighty%3Fchris"
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"https://twitter.com/username"
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[],
[],
[
"https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap03.html#tag_03_282"
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[],
[]
] | |
v0381 | Do babies hurt their own ears by screaming? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/v0381/do_babies_hurt_their_own_ears_by_screaming/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I didn't know so decided to do ~~bing~~ Google it and found babies scream at around 115db ([source](_URL_1_)) and that it can be okay for the baby to hear up to 95db for a prelonged time such as the mother's maternal blood ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.babyplus.com/Safe.php",
"http://www.sightandhearing.org/soundcenter/nihl.asp",
"http://www.childrenshearing.org/custom/hearing_health.html"
],
[]
] | ||
2emhdb | Are there any chemicals that break apart or form new bonds through the application of simple mechanical force? (Stirring, shaking, etc.) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2emhdb/are_there_any_chemicals_that_break_apart_or_form/ | {
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"text": [
"Many explosive materials are [shock sensitive](_URL_0_), meaning they can undergo rapid decomposition when a force such as shaking is applied. This decomposition is a chemical reaction, meaning many of the original bonds ar... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_sensitivity",
"http://pipeline.corante.com/archives/things_i_wont_work_with/"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Newtonian_fluid"
]
] | ||
41zvv4 | How was the Byzantine, Orthodox Patriarchs treated by Islam? | How was the seats of the Christian patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem treated? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/41zvv4/how_was_the_byzantine_orthodox_patriarchs_treated/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I just want to note that the use of the term Islam such as in this question is not accurate. Islam is a religion, not a state."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3dcimg | Is our star particularly separated from other stars, or is it at a normal distance away from others? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3dcimg/is_our_star_particularly_separated_from_other/ | {
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"score": [
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18,
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"text": [
"Our star is further away from other stars than most other stars are from other stars. This stems from the simple fact that most (... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/250lys.html"
],
[
"http://lithops.as.arizona.edu/~jill/EPO/Stars/galaxy.html",
"http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-average-distance-between-stars-throughout-the-galaxy-and-does-the-mean-distance-decrease-towards-the-center-of-the-galaxy"
],
[
"https:/... | ||
31l9ia | what is the circadian rhythm? is it really that important to maintain this rhythm for sleep? how does it relate to overall health? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31l9ia/eli5_what_is_the_circadian_rhythm_is_it_really/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq2qqnm"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Circadian Rhythms are physiological cycles of organisms based on the day cycle- typically dominated by the influences of the sun/light cycle (e.g. the opening and closing of flowers). Effectively, different parts of the body are active during spe... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Biological_clock_human.svg/2000px-Biological_clock_human.svg.png",
"http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.genom.5.061903.175925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4199674/"
]
] | ||
4bjq37 | how does your brain know if your tongue is tasting something sweet or sour? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4bjq37/eli5_how_does_your_brain_know_if_your_tongue_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"d19qcwt",
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"The sense we call \"Taste\" is actually sensing the chemical makeup of whatever you're putting in your mouth. Various nerve endings in your taste buds will only send a signal to your brain if they are triggered by a certain... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bnu742 | what do power companies do with excess electricity? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bnu742/eli5_what_do_power_companies_do_with_excess/ | {
"a_id": [
"en966ii",
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"score": [
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4,
3
],
"text": [
"There is no excess electricity. The consumption is constantly monitored and the production rate is modified according to it.",
"There isn’t an excess of energy per se. the generators themselves are... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1w0xxx | Why do we crash test cars at 35-40 mph, instead of say 70? | I was pondering this after seeing the terrible safety ratings that new small cars tend to have in the new small overlap test crash. Most mid sized vehicles today are very good at protecting the occupants crashing at 35-40 mph into an immovable object, and that's great if you reside in a city. But what about people who ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1w0xxx/why_do_we_crash_test_cars_at_3540_mph_instead_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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2,
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"text": [
"It's because research shows most fatal crashes occur at 40 mph or less.\n\n_URL_0_",
"Because at 70mph the 1.5 to 2 ton car or in my challenger 4100lb car someone is getting h... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://members.optusnet.com.au/carsafety/paine_impact_speeds_jan07.pdf"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
g0ubhx | i’ve recently learned that babies are really good at dealing with broken bones because their bones are similar to cartilage. how do they form into “adult bones”, and how long does that process take? | IIRC babies have like 300 bones at birth, and that number gets closer to 200 with age. How do the bones fuse (I hope that’s the right term) together, and when does this process generally stop? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/g0ubhx/eli5_ive_recently_learned_that_babies_are_really/ | {
"a_id": [
"fnbs79b"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yes, the correct term is bone fusion. Essentially baby bones function a lot like a “broken” bone in that the cells add extra calcium as they grow, hardening them. And if you’ve ever heard the term “growth plates” those are pieces found on the e... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3eifg0 | bill gates wakes up one morning and hands everyone in the united states 200$ (~60bn$). what happens to the economy? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3eifg0/eli5_bill_gates_wakes_up_one_morning_and_hands/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctf8urj"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"This is not much different than [The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008](_URL_0_) which gave most tax payers a $600 check back.\n\n > Impact:\n\n > The researchers found that the stimulus checks increased spending for the typical family by 3.5% when ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Stimulus_Act_of_2008"
]
] | ||
futco5 | Why do people say that right after the big bang, the Universe was very small? Wasn't the universe just as infinite then as it is now? Isn't it more accurate to say it was very dense? | How can the universe be described as small? If the Universe was infinite at the big bang, but everything was very close together, doesn't this just mean that it was very dense?
I don't study physics but I have some understanding of a cosmology but this description has always bugged me and no one ever addresses it. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/futco5/why_do_people_say_that_right_after_the_big_bang/ | {
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138,
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"text": [
"All this is all conjecture based on limited information. We don't know 100% whether our universe is infinite or finite. We would do well to stop presumi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/123674/why-does-a-flat-universe-imply-an-infinite-universe"
],
[]
] | |
cbmale | why is it that when we're tired from exercise we feel the need to bend down? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cbmale/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_were_tired_from_exercise/ | {
"a_id": [
"etgtqmr"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"because the diaphragm contracts more easily when horizontal, because gravity affects it when you're vertical (upright)\n\nwhich allows for easier, deeper breaths"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
pvqnv | Given the global rate of deforestation, global rate of population growth, and the average amount of oxygen consumed by one person in a year, how long until we run out of oxygen? | I doubt that statistics surrounding this could really be that accurate, but just ballpark it. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pvqnv/given_the_global_rate_of_deforestation_global/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3smslu"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"We won't ever* run out of oxygen at current rates. The oceans might go anoxic (that has happened several times, and would be terrible) but I don't think the atmosphere has gone anoxic even once since the Cambrian, despite the multitude of catast... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.pnas.org/content/96/20/10955.full.pdf"
]
] | |
67syue | Why is greenhouse gas one way? | So green house gas like CO2 supposedly keeps heat inside the atmosphere, but if it doesn't let heat back outside the atmosphere, why can heat get inside in the first place? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/67syue/why_is_greenhouse_gas_one_way/ | {
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"dgt3d0i",
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2,
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],
"text": [
"Because the heat comes in mostly in the form of visible light. CO2 is perfectly transparent to visible light. This light is then absorbed by the Earth, which re-radiates it mostly... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://noconsensus.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/image0011.gif"
],
[
"http://irina.eas.gatech.edu/EAS8803_Fall2009/Lec6.pdf"
],
[]
] | |
ds5fhp | How does a strong acid/base harm living cells? | From humans to single-celled Archaea, how does very low pH harm cells? What is the chemical process? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ds5fhp/how_does_a_strong_acidbase_harm_living_cells/ | {
"a_id": [
"f6noxyz",
"f6ogz0t"
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"score": [
16,
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],
"text": [
"Proteins have to fold into specific shapes in order for them to perform their function. Protein function is directly determined by protein structure. The different acidic and basic components of proteins ultimate help a pro... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3m7lm3 | - why are environmentalists against the keystone pipeline? that oil is going to be transported one way or another. isn't using a pipeline cleaner and safer than using boats or trucks? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3m7lm3/eli5_why_are_environmentalists_against_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvcnk2n",
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"cvcsew1",
"cvcso35",
"cvcspqy",
"cvcsu7s",
"cvcsw95",
"cvcswlr",
"cvcswnv",
"c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-greenhouse-hamburger/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sands#Environmental_issues",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIMBY"
],
[
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-steyer/transcanada-... | ||
n3nia | How can you detect details of a distant planet like Kepler 22? | How do we know Kepler 22 is Earth like? How can we detect anything about a planet that is 600 light years away? There's no way we could detect life on a distant planet with our current technology right? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n3nia/how_can_you_detect_details_of_a_distant_planet/ | {
"a_id": [
"c360d9y",
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"c360qs5",
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"score": [
5,
45,
2,
5,
45,
2
],
"text": [
"Transits (planets crossing in front of their parent star) are detected by observing dimming of the light emitted from the star. By no... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n3l5h/if_kepler_22b_is_25_times_the_size_of_earth_would/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n2uyg/could_humans_live_on_a_planet_with_gravity_24x/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n25qw/how_would_you_feel_standing_on_the_surfa... | |
5j227k | Was everyone religious in the old days, like Medieval Times, or were there irreligious people? | Was referred here from r/answers :D | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5j227k/was_everyone_religious_in_the_old_days_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbd4a67",
"dbdjvvg"
],
"score": [
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26
],
"text": [
"That is hard to say. My specialty is in the Middle Ages so I will comment on that.\n\nIn the medieval period (roughly 315-1500), you had quite a mixed bag of religious, non-religious, and \"spiritual\" people. According to ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www"
],
[]
] | |
4ibqoz | who owns the land? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ibqoz/eli5_who_owns_the_land/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2wqitv",
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"When there was undiscovered land you could claim it, but your country of origin would likely have claim jurisdiction over you and your new land (so instead of \"claiming the country of Alek-istan\", I would claim territory t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
6leaps | How was the argument "no taxation without representation" justified to revolutionaries for American independence when the right to vote would still be highly restricted to wealthy gentry? Has the meaning of "representation" changed? | I was discussing this point with a friend and realised my understanding of the history here was just plain bad. Suffrage wasn't extended to the general US white male population until considerably after the revolution.
How was it that the argument of "no taxation without representation" could be convincingly made to re... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6leaps/how_was_the_argument_no_taxation_without/ | {
"a_id": [
"djthsy2",
"djugrut"
],
"score": [
41,
2
],
"text": [
"Found a valuable response here (credit to /u/mormengil):\n\n_URL_2_\n\n > A surprisingly high percentage of American families were able to vote and had representation and sufferage in the 1790s (when the US constitution was... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://millercenter.org/president/washington/essays/biography/8",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/34gi72/before_the_american_revolution_did_the/"
],
[]
] | |
37mh3b | If a Photon travels along all possible paths, how is it decided which electron it 'excites' with in a sample of atoms? | I understand that photons move as waves of probabity, how can that be consolidated with interactions with electrons? At what point does it stop being a wave of probability during these interactions? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/37mh3b/if_a_photon_travels_along_all_possible_paths_how/ | {
"a_id": [
"cro48ew",
"crogpa5"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"A photon can only interact with an electron when they're at the same position (physicists say that electromagnetism is \"local\"). So you have a combined probability distribution for the photon, and *this* electron, and *tha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6negdq | negative zero | In programming, a float or a double value can take a positive or a negative zero.
What is this number and why are the two separated in programming? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6negdq/eli5_negative_zero/ | {
"a_id": [
"dk8v8s7",
"dk8wlu1"
],
"score": [
5,
9
],
"text": [
"When you're dealing with floating point numbers, you have to work around the fact that the numbers aren't going to be exact and will have rounding issues. Negative zero helps address some of those issues. Negative zero mea... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
yn8sj | How did eukaryotes evolve? | Or at least, what are the prevailing hypotheses? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yn8sj/how_did_eukaryotes_evolve/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5x41f7"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The [endosymbiont theory](_URL_0_) is the one that gets the most traction, and is probably correct. \n\nBasically, some early prokaryote took on a parasitic lifestyle; living inside and off of another, larger prokaryote. Over time, this developed... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endosymbiotic_theory"
]
] | |
3obhn3 | why dont we see more movies that actually show the other side of the war? (for example, the imperial army in ww2?) | First of all, I'm Australian and I understand that we (and americans, ect) will always prefer to watch movies about our side in wars, But why haven't we seen a movie about the Imperial Army yet? surely that would be fairly interesting right?
we always seem to ONLY see the Allies and learn hardly anything about the ene... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3obhn3/eli5_why_dont_we_see_more_movies_that_actually/ | {
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"score": [
6,
3,
2,
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],
"text": [
"Usually people make movies about the winners, it's easier to get an audience where the protagonist win. Or at least go down fighting for a worthy cause. \nBut there are movies abo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_\\(1993_film\\)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterloo_\\(1970_film\\)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_\\(film\\)"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
62xxyu | what stocks are | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/62xxyu/eli5_what_stocks_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfpwfmi",
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"score": [
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Stocks are a method for investing in a publicly traded company. It is literally a (now electronic) record that represents a percentage ownership in a company. For example if a company has issued 100,000... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
8ifv8h | Classic philosophers usually mention God. What did they really mean? Were they actually referring to God, or was it added by translators? | I'm reading Marcus Aurelius' Meditations and he often mentions God. Given that Romans had thousands of deities and that Marcus Aurelius himself prosecuted Christians, I guess it maybe has nothing to do with the modern concept of God. How was the original text? Was he referring to Jupiter? Was it changed by Christian tr... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8ifv8h/classic_philosophers_usually_mention_god_what_did/ | {
"a_id": [
"dyrhcix",
"dyriswy"
],
"score": [
82,
245
],
"text": [
"You are, of course, correct in thinking that when folks like Marcus, who was no Christian, or Plato (who lived hundreds of years before Christ) talk about God, they do not have in mind the Christian concept. That said, wh... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/concepts-god/"
],
[]
] | |
3oa6j2 | Are electrons running through electrical wires bound to any atoms? Or are they just free-flowing? | High school chemistry taught me that electrons exist as part of the "shell" of an atom. Whenever we spoke about electricity in physics class, I always got confused; how can these electrons just be flowing by themselves? Do they not need some sort of atom to exist within? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3oa6j2/are_electrons_running_through_electrical_wires/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvvcuge",
"cvvf86h"
],
"score": [
6,
11
],
"text": [
"In a metal, you have some electrons that are bound to atoms, and some that are floating around shared between all the atoms. It's those ones that start moving when a voltage is applied.",
"Electronic orbitals get a litt... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3nxkny | if we have a molten core in the earth made up of super heated magma, how does the solid iron core stay solid without just melting and joining the surrounding magma | as above. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3nxkny/eli5_if_we_have_a_molten_core_in_the_earth_made/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvs5u2p"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's under intense pressure, it has all of the weight of all the rest of the planet above it crushing inwards."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
96vru9 | Why are deserts situated mainly near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? | Deserts like Sahara,Gobi etc | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/96vru9/why_are_deserts_situated_mainly_near_the_tropics/ | {
"a_id": [
"e45ejdw",
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"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Because of the position of global circulation cells--which are caused by a combination of uneven heating of the tropic and poles and the coriolis effect--the prevailing winds tend to blow north and south from these latitudes... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
17bc90 | Would a microwave heat up heavy water (deuterium oxide) just like regular water? | I tried to find the answer on Google but couldn't come across anything. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17bc90/would_a_microwave_heat_up_heavy_water_deuterium/ | {
"a_id": [
"c83xh1t"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Yes, they have almost the same electrical dipole moment. It wouldn't be _exactly_ the same, since H2O and D2O have ever-so-slightly different properties (specific heats and so on), but that applies no matter how you heat them.\n"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ep1y77 | Where did the European feudal system originate from? Did it develop naturally in Europe, or was it transported from the East? | In a [previous post](_URL_0_), a question was asked about the comparative size of armies between the Romans and medieval European powers, and why the Romans were able to fields so much larger forces at a time than the medieval kings would have been able to. The post was excellently answered by u/FlavivsAetivs though he... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ep1y77/where_did_the_european_feudal_system_originate/ | {
"a_id": [
"fehgdn1"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You may be interested in some of these previous threads discussing related questions:\n\n[What fuedalism is, and what are the problems with the concept by u/idjet] (_URL_1_)\n\n[The historiography of fuedalism by u/Miles_Sine_Castrum] (_URL_0_)"
... | [] | [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/97su5p/why_did_the_size_of_armies_apparently_shrink_so/"
] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4brnwe/theory_thursday_academicprofessional_history/d1bwo8m/?st=itvqbjlv&sh=360f964a",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1xwqqf/high_and_late_medieval_europe_10001450/cfflog6/"
]
] | |
fnjmgi | why rna based viruses mutate faster than dna based virus ? | Notice i have a vague "very vague" understanding of how a cell replicates using DNA ! i also have no idea what is the difference between RNA and DNA. I am sure it's a super complex thing to explain so Super thanks in advance ! | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fnjmgi/eli5_why_rna_based_viruses_mutate_faster_than_dna/ | {
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"text": [
"Poor quality control.\n\nDNA has mechanisms to prevent copying errors and/or destroy defective copies. RNA, particularly in a virus which isn't completely \... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
86m65f | if you have two objects moving at the same speed, the one further away appears to be moving slower than the one which is closer. why? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/86m65f/eli5if_you_have_two_objects_moving_at_the_same/ | {
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3iqwha | why forcing women to take an ultrasound before aborting their fetus is wrong. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3iqwha/eli5_why_forcing_women_to_take_an_ultrasound/ | {
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"Do you have to look at the inside of a zit before you pop it? Do you have to look at the tapeworm inside your bowels before you have it removed? Do you have to look at a tumor before you are allowed t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"https://www.reddit.com/r/TwoXChromosomes/comments/3iq26w/iff_i_terminated_a_pregnancy_for_medical_reasons/"
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2y1vb5 | When and why did caffeine becomes such a prominent ingredient in soft drinks? | Caffeine is a very popular ingredient in soda, but i'm not entirely sure why. it's bitter, so surely it doesn't add to the taste. why did caffeine end up being such a regular ingredient of so many sodas? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2y1vb5/when_and_why_did_caffeine_becomes_such_a/ | {
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"text": [
"Soft drinks began as elixers and potions in the 19th century. Think about peddlers in the later 1800s selling their \"snake oils\" and potions. They were a sort of pseudoscience-based industry. You've probably heard that Coca-Cola used to contai... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6beca2 | why do we generally depict aliens as tall, scrawny people with large dark eyes and a rounded head? | Google 'ayy lmao' and you'll have a picture to match the description. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6beca2/eli5why_do_we_generally_depict_aliens_as_tall/ | {
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"text": [
"Whitley Streiber's *Communion*\n\nThat is the only reason, although of course True Believers will have a very different explanation... ",
"It stems from an \"eyewitness\" report from two claimed abductees, who described ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3c5vu3 | Why is New Horizons going to flyby around Pluto and not orbit it? | I read on Bad Astronomer's (Phil Plait) blog that New Horizons won't be passing by the side with 4 parallel dark spots. With all these exciting stuff coming in daily, I am more curious than ever to know more about it. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3c5vu3/why_is_new_horizons_going_to_flyby_around_pluto/ | {
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"Basically, in order to orbit Pluto it would have to massively slow down, and to do that it would have to burn a lot of rocket fuel, ... | [] | [] | [
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"http://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/quirks-quarks-for-june-27-2015-1.3129525/new-horizons-reaches-pluto-1.3129561"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
td5dw | Examples of Successful Multiculturalism? | A friend of mine was recently naysaying with regard to multiculturalism, claiming that there is a strong historical precedent of cultures failing to mix, followed by emmigration or deportation. I, being a bit of a woolly liberal, was eager to dispute this, but I'm quite short of examples. There are obviously quite a fe... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/td5dw/examples_of_successful_multiculturalism/ | {
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"http://bit.ly/IVYqKp"
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"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/MaisonCarr%C3%A9e.jpeg"
],
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2wttn8 | Alcohol is very energy rich (7 kcal/g). Why do organisms treat this as a waste product and not a food source? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2wttn8/alcohol_is_very_energy_rich_7_kcalg_why_do/ | {
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"text": [
"Simply put, it is too toxic. Methanol, although not toxic itself, forms toxic metabolites and ethanol (as most of us have experienced)... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid_bacteria",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_metabolism"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen-tailed_treeshrew"
],
[]
] |
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