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8lszit
How historically accurate was the notion that the Mongol invasion of Europe was primarily stopped by the death of Ogedei Khan?
A common notion by many people is that the Mongol invasion of Europe was primarily stopped by the death of Ogedei Khan as Mongol tradition requires princes to be present for the election of a new Khan. How historically accurate is this? And what could have caused the Mongol withdrawal aside from the Khan's death?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8lszit/how_historically_accurate_was_the_notion_that_the/
{ "a_id": [ "dzizu0a" ], "score": [ 433 ], "text": [ "Short answer? Not really.\n\nLong answer? Ogedei's death led to the recall of Subutai and the Jochid faction to the Qurultai in Mongolia, yes, but what one often forgets is that the Mongol invasions of Hungary and Poland in 1241 were not the on...
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[ [] ]
t8mmi
Is Polynesian visits to the America's plausible? What are some good sources on this?
They certainly made some long voyages and got as close as Easter Island. There is chicken DNA and the sweet potato evidence. How does mainstream science feel about this?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/t8mmi/is_polynesian_visits_to_the_americas_plausible/
{ "a_id": [ "c4kgv17", "c4ki98c" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "I guess if I were on Mythbusters, I'd consider this \"Plausible.\" There's really nothing more than circumstantial evidence past Easter Island, though the ocean current could have conceivably carried them to Central or South...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
1dds41
What sources other than Caesar do we have about his conquest of Gaul, and how did he know what he knew?
I'm translating Book I of Caesar's Gallic Wars in my Latin class right now, and I'm noticing that he has a lot of statistics and specifics that he wouldn't have known from a purely conqueror's perspective. How did he get the information he got? And, is Caesar the only source we have for these wars? Or are there othe...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1dds41/what_sources_other_than_caesar_do_we_have_about/
{ "a_id": [ "c9pjqt6" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "The Gallic Wars are a bit like the Peloponnesian Wars in that we are extremely reliant on one unusually trustworthy source. We can also find brief sketches of it in Plutarch, Suetonius, and probably some others I am forgetting, and a rather longe...
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[ [] ]
327wvs
Why would a diet based purely on drinking soylent be bad for you?
What difference would there be between eating varied food and soylent? Since they are fundamentally made of the same things, fat, carbohydrates, protens, vitamins, and etc, how would the body recognize when you eat varied food and non-varied food?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/327wvs/why_would_a_diet_based_purely_on_drinking_soylent/
{ "a_id": [ "cq8qod8", "cq8xi1d" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "As long as the nutrients are there, there wouldn't be much difference in the short term.\n\nLong term, you would start to adapt (as in physiological changes) to a liquid diet, and going back to solids would be an arduous pro...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9380836", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/71495" ] ]
1kpi78
How much abstraction/automation is involved in modern CPU design?
When one looks at the designs and transistor counts of earlier CPUs like the Intel 4004, it seems conceivable that engineers could design and review every aspect. In contrast, the latest and greatest CPUs have in excess of 5 billion transistors. It seems inconceivable that these are 'micromanagable' in the same way. ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1kpi78/how_much_abstractionautomation_is_involved_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cbrluai" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "There is a great deal of abstraction, in some places. In other places, not quite so much. \n \nFor a lot of blocks, the design is done at a high level using a Hardware Description Language (such as Verilog or VHDL) called Register Transfer Log...
[]
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[ [] ]
2e7swj
why do most cars have the "hump" in the middle of the back seat?
Seriously, is it there to torment the youngest of unluckiest child? Because that's what it did to me... EDIT: I was talking about the middle of the back seat, but that floor one seemed useless aswell. EDIT2: First front page post, cuul
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2e7swj/eli5_why_do_most_cars_have_the_hump_in_the_middle/
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[ [], [], [], [ "http://imgur.com/53ap715", "http://imgur.com/7ULq3n6" ], [ "http://imgur.com/D93mt3D", "389-cu.in", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac_Tempest", "http://www.hemmings.com/hcc/stories/2012/03/01/hmn_drivable_dreams1.html", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%...
c6q38u
why is it that when you've got a bad cough you're forced to cough almost every minute, but when you fall asleep you don't have the urge to do so?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c6q38u/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_youve_got_a_bad_cough/
{ "a_id": [ "esals33", "esaozz0", "esb0ic3", "esb9apm", "esbltwr", "esbmtf4", "esbmy2h", "esbp4b5", "esbrss1", "esbwevx", "escml8a" ], "score": [ 1122, 100, 8, 40, 739, 14, 4, 2, 3, 8, 2 ], "text": [ "The body actually...
[]
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3jmb3f
What would the result be if 2 "perfect" chess computers played eachother?
If both computers calculate every possible move the coming 10 000 turns. Would it always end in a draw or would it be 50/50? Or would one side win all the time?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3jmb3f/what_would_the_result_be_if_2_perfect_chess/
{ "a_id": [ "cuqi5ql", "cuqiefy", "cuqigaz", "cuqmpk6", "cura67f", "curaq9u" ], "score": [ 5, 38, 4, 4, 6, 2 ], "text": [ "This is known as [solving chess](_URL_0_). If both computers really played the absolutely optimal strategy, then the outcome would be t...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solving_chess" ], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solving_chess" ], [], [ "http://chess-db.com/public/research/draw_rate.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess#Drawn_with_best_play" ], [] ]
7vfk5c
how do investors/traders profit from short selling? ie. profit from the drop of value in public companies' share price.
Capitec Bank, arguably the world's best bank for the past two years, was recently embroiled in controversy by a [report by Viceroy](_URL_0_) that resulted in the bank's share price initially plummeting by 25%. Viceroy members are known for short selling - profiting off of drops in share price. How is this possible?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7vfk5c/eli5_how_do_investorstraders_profit_from_short/
{ "a_id": [ "dtruhgu", "dtrv4zt", "dtrxn45", "dts9945", "dtsdn1y" ], "score": [ 29, 12, 4, 5, 3 ], "text": [ "Someone short-selling with a brokerage usually shortcuts the process, but the basic transaction is this:\n\nThe short seller borrows a share of stock, promi...
[]
[ "https://www.biznews.com/global-investing/2018/01/30/viceroy-targets-capitec/" ]
[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
10fiau
why are hard drives so difficult to destroy?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10fiau/eli5_why_are_hard_drives_so_difficult_to_destroy/
{ "a_id": [ "c6d22fs", "c6d280j" ], "score": [ 3, 5 ], "text": [ "It's like a lot of things -- it's very easy to do properly, but also very easy to do improperly. Removing the platters and then taking a belt sander to each side of each platter will render it unreadable pretty quickly. Ov...
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[ [], [] ]
2g91w1
if the republican party pass their petition to abolish the irs, what would then happen? who would manage taxes?
I know it won't happen, but what would happen if it did? _URL_0_
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2g91w1/eli5_if_the_republican_party_pass_their_petition/
{ "a_id": [ "ckgsowv", "ckgsp9y" ], "score": [ 5, 6 ], "text": [ "Hypothetically if a flat tax was implemented, tax collection would be a lot simpler and most-all of the IRS would be unnecessary. However, a flat tax is a whole other can of worms.", "It's nothing they actually think wil...
[]
[ "http://www.gop.com/act/abolish-the-irs/" ]
[ [], [] ]
3idokj
why was the housing bubble so bad for regular us citizens?
I was reading an article on gentrification. I vaguely understand how that could be difficult for regular people (property value goes up, property taxes go up, person can no longer afford house). But why was the housing bubble so bad? I understand that the mortgage is not affected, but it seems like the house would be ...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3idokj/eli5_why_was_the_housing_bubble_so_bad_for/
{ "a_id": [ "cufhtc6" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Many many americans don't have much wealth apart from their home. So people's total wealth fell dramatically because of the housing bust. This was especially true for Black and Latino Americans of any level of wealth.\n\nSo on top of that, there'...
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[ [] ]
383hsg
why can we always trick ourselves into thinking staying up all night is good idea even if it never is?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/383hsg/eli5_why_can_we_always_trick_ourselves_into/
{ "a_id": [ "crs1d4k", "crs2zqg" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "As you get more tired, you get dumber, and it doesn't occur to you how bad an idea it will be. You also get more easily distracted by things, so you don't think about \"is this a good idea\" long enough to decide to go to be...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
5iwq92
why do we humans have a 'cooldown' after swallowing?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5iwq92/eli5_why_do_we_humans_have_a_cooldown_after/
{ "a_id": [ "dbbiiro" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Because you active a lot of muscles in a specific sequence to swallow. Before you can swallow again all these muscles need to be propely relaxed after the previous swallow. This takes some time. In other words: you can't start on your next swallo...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
lh5f9
If I made a bridge from the north pole to the moon, how much would it expand and contract?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lh5f9/if_i_made_a_bridge_from_the_north_pole_to_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c2snaz5", "c2snaz5" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "According to Phil Plait, the Bad Astronomer:\n > When [the mooon is] closest to Earth — the point called perigee — it’s roughly 360,000 kilometers (223,000 miles) away, and when it’s at its farthest point — apogee — it’s at ...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/11/distant-full-moon-tonight/" ], [ "http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/10/11/distant-full-moon-tonight/" ] ]
1of1ya
when did society decide that certain articles of clothing are only meant to be worn by a certain gender?
Such as women with dresses/skirts/etc, Or men such as only getting jeans, shorts, etc
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1of1ya/when_did_society_decide_that_certain_articles_of/
{ "a_id": [ "ccre96l", "ccrekgq", "ccreoij", "ccreowd", "ccrfi6n", "ccrhu7a", "ccrjn72", "ccrksnw" ], "score": [ 74, 11, 7, 65, 16, 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "A quick google search suggests that gender specific clothes for children (pink vs. light...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://media.smithsonianmag.com/images/212*271/pink-and-blue-Franklin-Roosevelt-2.jpg", "http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080114195558AAlOQRS" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijab" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]
u85qa
A question about the history and formulation of string theory
So, I was wondering if someone could give me a quick run down of the history of string theory, as in, it's foundations arising from exploring the interaction in collisions of fundamental particles and where the math comes from/is. Also, as I understand, string theory starts with QM then incorporates GR. is it possible...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/u85qa/a_question_about_the_history_and_formulation_of/
{ "a_id": [ "c4t4vcm" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "It started in the 1960s when Gabriele Veneziano wrote down a way of describing sub-nuclear interactions that was equivalent to the vibrations of a relativistic string. People worked on this for a while, but it was realized that the strings had to...
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[ [] ]
b6hoe3
How close does an electron and a positron need to approach to be able to annihilate?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b6hoe3/how_close_does_an_electron_and_a_positron_need_to/
{ "a_id": [ "ejkpbhn", "ejkps5v", "ejkspmj", "ejktx3y", "ejkyap1" ], "score": [ 791, 41, 32, 19, 1171 ], "text": [ "In quantum electrodynamics the particles we call electrons and positrons are the states described by the quantum field in the limit of negligible inte...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/389213/what-is-the-shortest-distance-between-electron-and-positron-before-they-are-anni", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fock_state", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_field" ], [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium?wpro...
6cfith
how can many gun brands copy classics like ak-47, ar15, etc? do they have to acquire copyright first before manufacturing?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6cfith/eli5_how_can_many_gun_brands_copy_classics_like/
{ "a_id": [ "dhu9yko", "di369t8" ], "score": [ 9, 2 ], "text": [ "Copyright only covers *creative works* - books, movies, music, photographs, etc.\n\nInventions & mechanical devices are covered under *patents*. Patents expire after only 20 years and, in order to get a patent, you have t...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
32azs7
when i was in my teens, i would always have these weird head pains that made me felt like i was about to black out when i got up from sitting for an extended period of time. does anybody know what that is or have experienced it before?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/32azs7/eli5_when_i_was_in_my_teens_i_would_always_have/
{ "a_id": [ "cq9j19r" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Hey yeah. I experienced the same thing before. Turn out I didn't actuallt eat enough protein. Do you exercise? Do you have small bony frame body?\n\nTry eating 1-g protein for every lb-bodyweight you have. Next morning you would feel marvelous!!"...
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[ [] ]
1z5kjh
scientology. their beliefs, origins, etc.
I don't want to be ignorant anymore about Scientology and I'm just looking to be more informed about it. Thanks!
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1z5kjh/eli5_scientology_their_beliefs_origins_etc/
{ "a_id": [ "cfqqfa6" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "L. Ron Hubbard wrote a semi-autobiography which he intertwined with a shit ton of make believe stuff about his time in the war. (To his credit, he legitimately was something of a war hero.) He published it as \"Auto-biographical.\" As opposed to ...
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[ [] ]
1jvu95
. why is the term "tumblr feminist" being thrown around and what does it mean?
As someone who loves both reddit and tumblr and also supports feminism and gender equality, it's a little insulting to me that people seem to be associating what seems to be a very negative term with the entirety of tumblr. Why is a common term now? Edit: Thanks to everyone for replying and explaining. I know this is...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jvu95/eli5_why_is_the_term_tumblr_feminist_being_thrown/
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3omi2n
how are we sure that our time is accurate? is there any proof? does it involve an expiriment to find out?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3omi2n/eli5_how_are_we_sure_that_our_time_is_accurate_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cvyhxhs", "cvyhyx8" ], "score": [ 13, 2 ], "text": [ "How do you mean 'our time' ? Like, we know acceleration towards the earth occurs at 9.8 m/s. You can drop something in a vacuum tube and measure this. If the acceleration is something else, it may be that your timing device...
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[ [], [] ]
99x74q
would it be possible for a computer screen to flaah the same code as a remote control and change the channel?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/99x74q/eli5_would_it_be_possible_for_a_computer_screen/
{ "a_id": [ "e4r12c9", "e4r3eh9" ], "score": [ 11, 5 ], "text": [ "Infra Red waves are not in the visible light spectrum, your monitor probably can not emit radiation in the same frequency as Infra Red \"light so No.", "Consumer tv remotes use infrared at 940nm wavelength. The signa...
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[ [], [] ]
1tnjw7
Do shock waves have density?
I watched this [gif](_URL_0_) and notice that the shock wave expanded and I was wondering if it got thinner or less powerful or something? Obviously some of its energy would be absorbed by the surrounding objects but what if it was in a vacuum?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1tnjw7/do_shock_waves_have_density/
{ "a_id": [ "ce9xwme" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "There isnt really a density, but you could measure the strength of the shock wave by looking at the peak pressure at a given point. The peak pressure, and the strength of the shock itself, will die out at the sphere expands - same energy spread ...
[]
[ "http://i.imgur.com/fpKmuKf.gif" ]
[ [] ]
63o5gx
What are some "more accurate" figures about how many allied tanks it took to take out German tanks like the Panther, Tiger I/Tiger II, and Elefant in WWII?
I often hear on online forums that it took like 15 shermans to kill 1 tiger or panther, or the Elefant had a kill ratio of 11 to 1 because it broke down or infantry took it out because of the lack of a machine gun. These figures seen a bit exaggerated to me because of the "legends" surrounding WWII German tanks and I j...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/63o5gx/what_are_some_more_accurate_figures_about_how/
{ "a_id": [ "dfvqfyn" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "David C Hardison's *Data on World War II Tank Engagements Involving the U.S. Third and Fourth Armored Divisions*, a commercial reprint of a 1954 Ballistics Research Laboratory memorandum, compares the effectiveness of U.S. Sherman tanks and tank ...
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[ [] ]
2zhpnq
what are the "test" and "reset" buttons on bathroom outlets for?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2zhpnq/eli5_what_are_the_test_and_reset_buttons_on/
{ "a_id": [ "cpj138i" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ "Bathroom outlets are what are called GFCI breakers. These aren't just simple circuit breakers like in your electrical panel that protect you from too much current. GFCI protect you from being electrocuted. How?\n\nWell, in the US most plugs have...
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[ [] ]
gkjj4
Is there any liquid that has very low density at STP?
What element/compound would act as a fluid and have a low density? [Wolfram Alpha](_URL_0_) says propionitrile or isopropanol. How about at non-standard temperature and pressure? What is the lightest thing that could be made which could still be classified as a liquid?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gkjj4/is_there_any_liquid_that_has_very_low_density_at/
{ "a_id": [ "c1o7skz" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "\"how about non-standard temperature and pressure?\"\n\nI think any substance will turn to liquid, if it's cooled down low enough, I've heard of liquid helium being used to cool computer parts, so I see no reason why you couldn't make liquid hydr...
[]
[ "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=liquid+with+the+lowest+density&a=*C.liquid-_*ChemicalClass-&a=*C.lowest-_*DataStatsFunc.dflt-" ]
[ [] ]
1xhjth
When Curiosity sang Happy Birthday to itself, how would it sound? Would sound travel differently in the atmospheric conditions on Mars?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1xhjth/when_curiosity_sang_happy_birthday_to_itself_how/
{ "a_id": [ "cfbg2xl" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "[source:](_URL_0_)Scientists have modeled the atmosphere of mars and it looks like sounds wouldnt go very far, so the sound would be faint by comparison to sounds made in earth's atmosphere.\n" ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "http://news.sciencemag.org/earth/2006/06/mars-no-one-can-hear-you-scream" ] ]
3lj1d0
how are some things considered natural and others artificial or synthetic. isn't everything made from materials that are natural.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lj1d0/eli5_how_are_some_things_considered_natural_and/
{ "a_id": [ "cv6px8p" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The difference is between whether something is man-made, or made from nature. The actual fibers of cotton are natural materials. Polyester, or teflon, for example, are man made. Leather is a natural material. Plastic or spandex is man made. " ]...
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[ [] ]
3kbryt
Why don't radio stations use frequencies below 80 FM and above 120 FM?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3kbryt/why_dont_radio_stations_use_frequencies_below_80/
{ "a_id": [ "cuwd5bw", "cuwgusr", "cuwks4i" ], "score": [ 33, 7, 3 ], "text": [ "Radio stations use a tiny chunk of the available frequencies, in order to reduce unnecessary noise in other frequencies used for other things.\n\nThis [chart](_URL_0_) shows just how many things have t...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/United_States_Frequency_Allocations_Chart_2003_-_The_Radio_Spectrum.jpg" ], [ "http://websdr.ewi.utwente.nl:8901/" ], [] ]
3lpr07
whatever happened to "cellphones cause cancer?"
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3lpr07/eli5_whatever_happened_to_cellphones_cause_cancer/
{ "a_id": [ "cv88su3", "cv8ei3s" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "There are still people out there that believe the human body is affected by radio waves somehow. But the issue has died down, largely due to the complete lack of evidence. It seems that there are always some people that are ...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
3tbsld
why are bills proposed to congress so complex? why can't they stick to passing laws on one thing at a time?
Wouldn't that stop parties throwing a deal-breaker in on purpose to a bill that might pass otherwise?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tbsld/eli5_why_are_bills_proposed_to_congress_so/
{ "a_id": [ "cx4sy8d", "cx4t44l", "cx4tw5c", "cx4u9ox" ], "score": [ 5, 2, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "For many members of Congress, many \"one thing at a time\" bills wouldn't be important to their constituents. If it's a bill that spends money (as most do), they would vote \"No\"...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/82621-obama-healthcare-plan-nixes-ben-nelsons-cornhusker-kickback-deal" ], [], [] ]
16xb7v
How much plant matter could be made from the carbon contained in a diamond.
Lets just say the diamond weights .5 grams (I know thats big for a diamond but I have no idea what a carat is). If the carbon that makes up that diamond could be released and used by a plant how much plant matter could it it make?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/16xb7v/how_much_plant_matter_could_be_made_from_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c807xr5" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Plants are mostly linked cellulose fibres (C6-H10-O5)*n, which is 44% carbon by weight. \n\n0.5 grams of carbon could be combined with some hydrogen and oxygen used to create 1.12 grams of plant." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1ouw0d
why is it that we can tell so easily that someone hates you, but it's just impossible to tell if someone likes you?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ouw0d/eli5_why_is_it_that_we_can_tell_so_easily_that/
{ "a_id": [ "ccvv5t0", "ccvvurx", "ccvxos5", "ccvyc74", "ccwd6lg", "ccwg0as" ], "score": [ 73, 3, 19, 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Because the default attitude of people is to be decently polite, which is close to friendly. It's a little harder to distinguish to su...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
2bbb2i
Why didn't Serbia annex Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War?
I understand that Republika Srpska is made up of Bosnian Serbs, but seeing as the majority of Bosnia-Herzegovina is made up of Bosniak Muslims, why wouldn't Republika Srpska become part of Serbia? For the most part, Srpska borders Serbia (and part of Croatia). Is this because the Bosnian Serbs want to stay part of thei...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2bbb2i/why_didnt_serbia_annex_republika_srpska_during/
{ "a_id": [ "cj3mc5n" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Because it wasn't completely ethnically cleansed (from Bosniaks and Croats) until 1995. Here's a [map from 1991.](_URL_1_) As you can see 60% of the border with Serbia was populated by Bosniaks. \n\nEdit: [Comparison](_URL_0_)" ] }
[]
[]
[ [ "http://faithandheritage.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/e43a4342da4fbb2dbc1c717841084babd24b2b901.jpg", "http://i.imgur.com/a3xWIzJ.png" ] ]
2s0xz4
how do sports commentators avoid speaking at the same time?
I convince myself that they poke each other to signal "It's your turn."
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s0xz4/eli5_how_do_sports_commentators_avoid_speaking_at/
{ "a_id": [ "cnl4fek" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Two commentators do different jobs one is a play caller its his job to tell the audience what is happening the other will talk when nothing happens basically telling stats and things they need to do to win/gain advantage " ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1vk2yt
how can beads of water on a table evaporate when the water isn't being heated to boiling point?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vk2yt/eli5_how_can_beads_of_water_on_a_table_evaporate/
{ "a_id": [ "cet0hk4" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "At any one time, individual water molecules are bouncing off each other like crazy. Some of them will get hit the right way to pick up enough speed to escape the droplet and they become free floating water molecules in the air, aka water vapor. "...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
9kd6wi
How did early pre-transistor computers display information, especially during WW2?
To my knowledge, pre-transistor computers were still quite slow at things beyond simple mathematical computations, and were also quite large, costly, and energy inefficient. Yet radars and other electronic control systems in World War 2 had to reply on computers of some sort to take in information, process it, and outp...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9kd6wi/how_did_early_pretransistor_computers_display/
{ "a_id": [ "e7033oi", "e70blo1" ], "score": [ 5, 4 ], "text": [ "Analog computers competed with digital computers in complex applications like you're describing into the 1970s. The output is a physical signal that can be directly measured (eg via oscilloscope like in radars) or used to dr...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD2dtAqJcJ4", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAb9_ZkcDTM", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJwrmTgbkkk", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdZZuteFZfo" ] ]
pws07
"If the sun explodes, it will take us 8min to notice it" from an relativistic standpoint
Does it make sense to say "it will take us 8min to notice that the sun exploded" after Einstein? Isnt it more: when we see it, the sun explodes in our reference frame?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/pws07/if_the_sun_explodes_it_will_take_us_8min_to/
{ "a_id": [ "c3sup7a", "c3suphp", "c3susch", "c3suxkb" ], "score": [ 8, 3, 15, 3 ], "text": [ "This is mostly a question of semantics, but it really does make sense to use the standard wording.\n\nLets step back from relativity and ask a similar question on the everyday sca...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
arprxh
how does nasa figure out where to send rovers when sending them to outer space?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/arprxh/eli5_how_does_nasa_figure_out_where_to_send/
{ "a_id": [ "egoxh1i", "egp0ebw" ], "score": [ 7, 2 ], "text": [ "The rovers that landed on Mars were launched after nearly 50 years of study from orbit and other probes. Plus centuries of observation from Earth.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nFind an area on the planet that has stuff you want research usi...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" ], [] ]
67o7v7
redshift: how do we know the original emited wavelenght?
I've read some previous posts about this topic but I wasn't able to find an answer to this particual question. In order to calculate the magnitude of the shift you need the emited wavelenght of your object of interest. How can we be sure about that?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/67o7v7/eli5redshift_how_do_we_know_the_original_emited/
{ "a_id": [ "dgrw3ly", "dgrwd9c", "dgrwhy5", "dgrx126", "dgrxh53" ], "score": [ 3, 6, 5, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Redshifted objects in space are usually stars, and we have a pretty good understanding of what stars are made of and how they function.\n\nSpecifically, the h...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "https://jahschem.wikispaces.com/file/view/hydrogen-spectra.jpg/185968109/hydrogen-spectra.jpg" ], [ "https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q4ylT.png" ], [] ]
4q7pp6
What Degree did Theodore Roosevelt acquire from Harvard?
I know he graduated 22nd out of 177 and was magna cum laude etc but I can never find what specific degree he earned. I know he has a skill for geography and a passion for history (as is obvious by his excellent book on the war of 1812) but I can NEVER seem to find what *specific* major he got his degree in. Thanks! ...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4q7pp6/what_degree_did_theodore_roosevelt_acquire_from/
{ "a_id": [ "d4rltsj" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Theodore Roosevelt acquired a Bachelor of Arts degree. He graduated from Harvard in 1880, partway through the long and celebrated tenure of Charles William Eliot, who is credited with introducing concentrations to Harvard, though I have been unab...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance/history/historical-facts", "http://www.harvard.edu/about-harvard/harvard-glance/history-presidency/charles-william-eliot" ] ]
t3r5t
If light is a wave; what is the medium in which it travels?
Similar to sound/vibrations which travel through matter such as air. What is the medium that light travels through if it is also wave? I am also confused about why gravity affects light unless gravity has an effect on the substance that light is moving through. Does a black hole work similar to vibrations moving t...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t3r5t/if_light_is_a_wave_what_is_the_medium_in_which_it/
{ "a_id": [ "c4jaaph", "c4jbp4m" ], "score": [ 10, 2 ], "text": [ "Light doesn't require a medium to travel. Light is actually fluctuations in the electromagnetic field which is present everywhere and it's not the same kind of wave as sound waves. Sound waves are pressure waves which obvio...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson-Morley_experiment" ] ]
3ol9vc
What is the earliest game to have it's rules explicitly written?
Pictographs are cool and "count" for my question, but I'm more curious about which early games have specific rulesets written and in what form those rulesets were inscribed. Thanks!
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3ol9vc/what_is_the_earliest_game_to_have_its_rules/
{ "a_id": [ "cvyghc5", "cvylpq5", "cvyqfko", "cvyqwka" ], "score": [ 67, 9, 327, 40 ], "text": [ "Any Egyptologists here to provide more info on the game of Senet?", "As a corollary, what is the oldest known game of any variety people played?", "This would probably ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
93brg1
what made crt tv so durable than lcd tv and how did rf adapter send the signal to the tv themselves?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/93brg1/eli5_what_made_crt_tv_so_durable_than_lcd_tv_and/
{ "a_id": [ "e3c4gm1", "e3c58od" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "CRT stands for **C**athode **R**ay **T**ube.\n\nThe *Tube* part was made out of glass including the screen area. In this regard one could say it's more durable than an LCD which is usually made with a soft material as the sc...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
34zjms
how does the international space station maintain it's altitude?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34zjms/eli5_how_does_the_international_space_station/
{ "a_id": [ "cqzj6e7", "cqzj9co", "cqzlpxd" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 4 ], "text": [ "The ISS moves at about 4.75 miles per second. The earth is round. This means that the ISS is moving sideways fast enough that the earth drops out from under it at the same rate it falls.\n\nImagine yo...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
49avt5
If water was compressible what affect would it have on the oceans?
If water suddenly became compressible what affect would it have on the oceans? Would we see a huge decline in ocean level due to the water compressing at depth? Or would nothing happen? EDIT: To clarify I mean if ocean water is more compressible like Air. Thanks to /u/iorgfeflkd for pointing out my error.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/49avt5/if_water_was_compressible_what_affect_would_it/
{ "a_id": [ "d0qey9y", "d0qidod" ], "score": [ 24, 8 ], "text": [ "Water is compressible, it is compressed by like 3% at the bottom of the ocean.", "Perhaps the ocean level would increase because of decompression near the surface. It depends on what pressure you decide to make correspo...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
9az133
stock trading
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9az133/eli5_stock_trading/
{ "a_id": [ "e4z37zv", "e4z3xom", "e4z4rwe", "e4z57c1", "e4z6oc4", "e4z6oir", "e4z75gm", "e4z78js", "e4z7j1h", "e4z7p0j" ], "score": [ 7, 237, 11, 15, 5, 2, 2, 8, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It’s simple :\n- you buy a part of a company...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
10or89
Do names effect what personality type you end up with?
It seems that a lot of common names carry a lot of the same stereotypes. (See the recent /r/askreddit thread.) Is it possible that a kid would be effected by these stereotypes to a point where they grow to match them?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/10or89/do_names_effect_what_personality_type_you_end_up/
{ "a_id": [ "c6fb61w", "c6fc33d" ], "score": [ 3, 4 ], "text": [ "It may be possible, but for that to happen name stereotypes would have to be consistent between people. When people get labelled they do tend to pick up and act towards the label sometimes.\nI just don't see naming stereotyp...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominative_determinism" ], [ "http://www.neurosciencemarketing.com/blog/articles/last-name-effect.htm" ] ]
6ys1wf
why did the us red states blue states flip in the 60's?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ys1wf/eli5_why_did_the_us_red_states_blue_states_flip/
{ "a_id": [ "dmpriy4" ], "score": [ 14 ], "text": [ "It's complicated. There are many factors and this would be a better question for r/askhistorians but I'll try to summarize it here.\n\nFrom the time of the civil war, Republicans dominated the northern states and anti-war democrats dominated the...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1ex6sc
Is it true that we treat animals better now than in the past?
So I'm interested in how people have been treating animals in other epochs, particularly since the European enlightenment period. That is because I have heard that it used to be a public spectacle to kill foxes on the marketplace, which people enjoyed a lot. In particular, I've heard that they would put the foxes in a ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ex6sc/is_it_true_that_we_treat_animals_better_now_than/
{ "a_id": [ "ca51kub" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The treatment of animals, and often specific animals, varies widely between cultures throughout history much like it does between different cultures presently.\n\nIf you do not get a response, I suggest reposting with a less broad question. Try a...
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[]
[ [] ]
5tjczy
how are large projects, like the development of an aircraft carrier, a car or a smartphone approached?
I've always wondered how large projects go from idea to reality. Mainly interested in very complex systems like satellites or planes.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5tjczy/eli5how_are_large_projects_like_the_development/
{ "a_id": [ "ddmxql1", "ddmyj7d" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It's a good question. \n\nBasically they are broken down into smaller, interconnected projects that have critical paths that cross. There are project managers for the smaller projects and overall project managers that make s...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
6nomov
what are the benefits of an american city being it's own county? i.e. san francisco
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6nomov/eli5_what_are_the_benefits_of_an_american_city/
{ "a_id": [ "dkb1cst" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "When this occurs it has happened for two possible reasons. \n\n1) It physically grew to take all or most of the space of the county that it is in. There is no specific benefit or detriment to this, it is just a function of physical space. \n\n2) ...
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[]
[ [] ]
6ljf3y
Does actual computing require energy?
What does the power supplied from the wall do other than heating up circuitry, spinning some fans and maybe lighting up some LEDs? Is power drawn from a chip completely turned into heat or does some of it magically disappear? I don't think the latter is true but some comments under some youtube videos make me question ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6ljf3y/does_actual_computing_require_energy/
{ "a_id": [ "djui0or", "djui6ft", "djuxw1z", "djwsnwt" ], "score": [ 14, 5, 7, 2 ], "text": [ "Yes. The energy cannot disappear; every single joule drawn from the mains gets eventually turned to heat, even the light from the led. Efficiency is only about how much *useful wo...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_in_thermodynamics_and_information_theory" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio", "http://s3.mentor.com/public_documents/whitepaper/resources/mentorpaper_83713.pdf", "https://...
8yqnjy
Do humans have symbiotic gut amoebas?
We have a vast gut microbiome with beneficial gut bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. Are there any non parasitic amoebas in the gut and help us? Are there any other organisms that also live in our guts and help us like nematodes?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8yqnjy/do_humans_have_symbiotic_gut_amoebas/
{ "a_id": [ "e2dsgm7" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "There are commensal amoebas that live in a gut. [Here](_URL_1_) is a good review on the topic. Whether they are beneficial is harder to prove for specific species. However, in termites and cockroaches its a protist species that allows these insec...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952791505001536", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135866/" ] ]
8ovwil
why are all of the rappers, professional athletes, etc. talking about fortnite?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ovwil/eli5_why_are_all_of_the_rappers_professional/
{ "a_id": [ "e06i8y5" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "You answered your own question.\n\n > It’s popular/heavily advertised\n\nBattle Royal games are the genre that’s on top, and Fortnite happens to be the one that came out on top, most likely influenced by the fact that it is free. It’s pretty simi...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1wx3vh
Is the Voyager spacecraft also moving around the Milky Way along with the Sun and the solar system at the same speed?
Is the Sun stationary relative to Voyager?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1wx3vh/is_the_voyager_spacecraft_also_moving_around_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cf664xc" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "The Sun is moving just over 17 km/s relative to Voyager 1. Or Voyager is moving just over 17 km/s relative to the Sun--both are equally true. This speed is pretty small compared to the Sun's orbital speed around the center of the galaxy (about 22...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
14p5b3
How have identical twins been treated throughout history?
We used to burn people for being witches, so how have humans treated people who look identical to one another? I imagine that having two humans grow up to look the exact same would have been pretty alarming at some point.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/14p5b3/how_have_identical_twins_been_treated_throughout/
{ "a_id": [ "c7f7nz2", "c7f8d5s", "c7f8ss5", "c7f8v4l", "c7f9txq", "c7faag7", "c7fbjhr", "c7fcb0n", "c7fcmcj", "c7fcyym" ], "score": [ 74, 89, 12, 114, 25, 65, 6, 14, 2, 13 ], "text": [ "I just spent a bunch of time looking fo...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_culture" ], [], [], [], [ "http://www.randafricanart.com/Yoruba_Customs_and_Beliefs_Pertaining_to_Twins.html" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]
14gyih
When birth control says it's 99.9% effective, does that mean it's effective for 999 in 1000 times having sex or 999 in 1000 periods?
It seems like condoms would be closer to the former, but because the pill isn't as prone to user error, it would be the latter.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14gyih/when_birth_control_says_its_999_effective_does/
{ "a_id": [ "c7cypzk", "c7cyrn5" ], "score": [ 11, 2 ], "text": [ "[Neither](_URL_1_). Most of the time those percentages refer to “percent of women that did not get pregnant while using the method for a year”. That is, taking tho 99.9% figure: In a given year of using condoms, 1 out of 10...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/birth-control-pregnancy/birth-control-options/effectiveness", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_birth_control_methods#Effectiveness_calculation" ], [] ]
88qkk7
We've gone, historically, from celebrating the goofy spring holiday in May (May day) to April (April fool's day). It's totally global warming, isn't it?
[deleted]
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/88qkk7/weve_gone_historically_from_celebrating_the_goofy/
{ "a_id": [ "dwmih2k" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Here in Australia it's gotten so bad that April Fools Day is in Autumn. " ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
1l0em2
Would the British have been able to retake the thirteen colonies with sufficient preparation?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1l0em2/would_the_british_have_been_able_to_retake_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cbuj0u2" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Remember only a few years after the war of independence you have the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. There is just no way Britain could have spared the resources to launch any meaningful campaign against the US; weakening the Royal Navy...
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[]
[ [] ]
56xd0o
Does a massive star have an event horizon underneath it's surface, centered around its centre of mass?
Basically, If the star was transparent, would we see a black hole within it before it dies? Since the two both have the same mass.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/56xd0o/does_a_massive_star_have_an_event_horizon/
{ "a_id": [ "d8n6nhi", "d8n8wrk", "d8nc3hc" ], "score": [ 46, 4, 6 ], "text": [ "In order to form a black hole you need to squeeze a mass inside a very small radius. A radius known as the schwarzschild radius. The Sun has a schwarzschild radius of about 2km.\n\nThis doesn't mean th...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_theorem" ] ]
129u7t
If we put a telescope, say, 10 light years away, identical to kepler, looking at our solar system, what planets would it be able to detect?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/129u7t/if_we_put_a_telescope_say_10_light_years_away/
{ "a_id": [ "c6tdvm3", "c6tft3u", "c6tges9", "c6tgtc8" ], "score": [ 42, 30, 3, 3 ], "text": [ " > Most of the planets Kepler will detect will typically be between about 100pc and 1kpc (1parsec=3.1 light years). So If someone had the equivalent of Kepler in a solar system a...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/faq/#a13" ], [], [], [ "http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/charchart.cfm" ] ]
33hews
please explain how volts, amps, watts, etc.. translate into every day appliance use.
I am becoming increasingly interested in building my own Solar Panel system for basic things in my home but I am coming to a quick understanding that I have no concept of what volts, amps or watts are in relation to what I want powered. For example, what do I need to output to run a light bulb? I know lights are typic...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33hews/eli5_please_explain_how_volts_amps_watts_etc/
{ "a_id": [ "cqkw5ep", "cqkwcxc" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "The volt is a measure of electric potential. Electrical potential is a typThe­ three most basic units in electricity are voltage (V), current (I, uppercase \"i\") and resistance (r). Voltage is measured in volts, current is ...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2f20jv
Can collections of atoms or molecules ever be perfectly round? How close can they get?
I would think the outsides if the substance would appear to be round but upon closer look would be just segments of connected points, the perimeter being a shape of an unimaginable number of sides or planes. Edit: I wasn't sure to flair the post physics or chemistry, so I went with physics Edit 2: Are subatomic part...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2f20jv/can_collections_of_atoms_or_molecules_ever_be/
{ "a_id": [ "ck5744a", "ck57r7l" ], "score": [ 5, 8 ], "text": [ "The gyroscopes in the Gravity Probe B experiment were a few centimeters in diameter, but deviated from being perfect spheres by about 40 atoms.\n\nThe buckyball (C60) molecule is approximately the shape of a soccerball.", ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.acpo.csiro.au/avogadro.htm" ] ]
20xoge
what this new discovery is that helps prove the big bang theory.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20xoge/eli5_what_this_new_discovery_is_that_helps_prove/
{ "a_id": [ "cg7rims" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Big Bang Theory states that the universe was once in an incredibly dense and energetic state. This early universe then expanded into the the universe of today. However, certain phenomena in the universe, like the fact that it appears fairly hom...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
74a75k
Found a gas mask. When or where is it from? Who could've used it?
This gas mask was found in a basement in Norway, where it's lied for many many years. When is it from? Who might have uses it? Or isn't it special at all? WW2 or older or newer? [Pic1](_URL_0_) [Pic2](_URL_1_) Found in a very plain brown paper box with the same five digits number printed on it. Thanks in advance, a...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/74a75k/found_a_gas_mask_when_or_where_is_it_from_who/
{ "a_id": [ "dnwpfcu" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Norwegian folk gas mask model 1939 produced by Viking Rubber Factory in Askim city." ] }
[]
[ "https://i.imgur.com/w7D8dM1.jpg", "https://i.imgur.com/CmLLTKl.jpg" ]
[ [] ]
gq3vf
Has something close to immortality ever evolved?
A longer lifespan the obvious benefit of allowing successful mutations to be passed on to a greater number of mates. From what I can tell, it also has the primary disadvantage of slowing evolutionary progress (possible overpopulation would need to be balanced by a decrease in the creation rate of new offspring). I know...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gq3vf/has_something_close_to_immortality_ever_evolved/
{ "a_id": [ "c1pfsle" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Cancer meets your criteria for immortality. [Henrietta Lacks](_URL_0_) still has parts of her cervix alive in labs all over the world.\n\nCancer evolves naturally, continues to multiply, and can live indefinitely if given nutrition. The problem...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" ] ]
3ewm3b
vulture funds
Dear Reddit, I do not really understand how vulture funds work. After reading some articles in the news and wikipedia (for example the famous Elliott Management Corp. and its [Congo Deal](_URL_0_), I still don't really understand what the step by step procedure is of Vulture Funds. More specifically, if at the end t...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ewm3b/eli5_vulture_funds/
{ "a_id": [ "ctj1xrf" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "So banks generally don't like to hold bad debt on their books (it tends to bother their regulators and their investors). As a result, when all the banks have a lot of bad debt it gets very inexpensive (as in a $100 million loan might sell for $5...
[]
[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Management_Corporation" ]
[ [] ]
6iob86
Could a supermassive black hole collapse under it's own gravity into nothing?
Since the universe is still sort of young, and black holes get larger and larger, and merge with other black holes, could this be possible in the future?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6iob86/could_a_supermassive_black_hole_collapse_under/
{ "a_id": [ "dj7vpcp", "dj7xrvq", "dj8jxs8" ], "score": [ 7, 20, 2 ], "text": [ "Black holes are incredibly massive. While physics as we know it kind of breaks down past the event horizon of a black hole, there isn't really any evidence that I am aware that would support matter jus...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
31bajj
why does my mouth get watery after i accidentally bite my tongue?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31bajj/eli5_why_does_my_mouth_get_watery_after_i/
{ "a_id": [ "cq02wy4" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Saliva can stop blood flow and also helps get rid of bacteria. Too an extent you mouth generates saliva to both stop bleeding and prevent infection." ] }
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[ [] ]
4olfno
why there's separate measurement in pools for alkalinity and ph
Isn't PH just a scale of how alkaline or acidic the water is? How come my pool test strip is saying ph is perfect now but alkalinity is way too low?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4olfno/eli5_why_theres_separate_measurement_in_pools_for/
{ "a_id": [ "d4dklgq", "d4dodey" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "There are minerals in the water that act as buffering agents to resist changes in pH levels. The measure of these minerals is the Total Alkalinity.", "Acidity (pH) and alkalinity (pOH) are opposites, what I believe pool...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
20xsnx
Were sledgehammer style "mauls" ever regularly employed in warfare?
I've been developing a tactical, somewhat-realistic RPG (role-playing game) combat system. While it's often necessary to sacrifice realism for fun, I like to at least know the history and consciously choose to alter or embellish as needed. One of the real tricky parts about having "realism" in an RPG is that your sys...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/20xsnx/were_sledgehammer_style_mauls_ever_regularly/
{ "a_id": [ "cg85u99" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "In short : no.\n\nSuch weapons would have been incredibly unwieldy and easy to dodge for any experimented fighter (even in full plate armour a trained fighter would have still been quite mobile contrary to what one would be tempted to think). \n\...
[]
[ "http://img.4plebs.org/boards/tg/image/1368/92/1368928646021.jpg" ]
[ [] ]
103vvi
When did the idea of dessert first appear in a culture?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/103vvi/when_did_the_idea_of_dessert_first_appear_in_a/
{ "a_id": [ "c6abavx", "c6acads" ], "score": [ 16, 16 ], "text": [ "Dessert is largely a western phenomenon - traditional Chinese cuisine, for example, doesn't do desserts at all. Only the cuisines that have been significantly influenced by western cuisine (Hong Kong cuisine, for example) ...
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[]
[ [ "http://books.google.com/books?id=gN6ySQnUnfwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+dessert&source=bl&ots=9bcOLnfLSq&sig=3K0RYEsxmdtwZHkC3K0us0MScqc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OVxZUN6KC-HniwK664GoBw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=history%20dessert&f=false" ], [] ]
q66ab
why is it bad to drink alcohol with a straw?
My father used to tell me that, so I was wondering...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/q66ab/eli5_why_is_it_bad_to_drink_alcohol_with_a_straw/
{ "a_id": [ "c3v19q7", "c3v1i03", "c3v2v3q", "c3v33z1", "c3v3oai", "c3v3whn" ], "score": [ 119, 9, 9, 15, 2, 12 ], "text": [ "Because you look stupid.", "Straws are for girl drinks, you don't want to become a [Girl Drink Drunk](_URL_0_), now do you?", ...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_H_sVNgvf4" ], [], [], [ "http://richardhammond.bravehost.com/myPictures/in%20car%20ova%20sholder.jpg" ], [] ]
8tbzvy
How accurate are IQ tests, even from reputable sources?
First of all, I didn't know the first thing about IQ tests until I encountered a conversation between Sam Harris and Charles Murray, which has been wildly controversial, regarding the relevance of IQ tests and how the scores differ when it comes to race. According to the findings cited by Murray, considering my genetic...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8tbzvy/how_accurate_are_iq_tests_even_from_reputable/
{ "a_id": [ "e16cia9", "e16e7f5", "e16fmxt", "e16lcfa", "e172mxp" ], "score": [ 9, 14, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "They correlate with education. Basically, if you have lots of experience with testing, you do well. Yes, at the extremes people can be separated based on ab...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://imgur.com/0fmLHpO" ] ]
3dpium
what do economically strong nations gain from staying within the eu?
Wouldn't being tied to a bunch of crappy economies just bring them down?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3dpium/eli5_what_do_economically_strong_nations_gain/
{ "a_id": [ "ct7gckl" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Think of it this way: If the U.S. economy is strong, and U.S. goods and services are in high demand, then the value of the dollar will rise because of the demand. When the dollar rises, U.S. goods get more expensive for other countries, and so o...
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[ [] ]
2t2tn8
Did Medieval knights receive much training in non-combat aspects of warfare? (e.g., how to efficiently lay waste to enemy crop fields)
It seems like I see a lot of discussion of how, in Medieval warfare, battle was rare, and economic devastation and raiding were the dominant strategies. Did Medieval knights receive much training on such matters, like how to rustle cattle and maximize the number that get back to the army camp and minimize the number wh...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2t2tn8/did_medieval_knights_receive_much_training_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cnv9u6e" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "\"Economic devastation and raiding\" wasn't a \"dominant strategy\" as much as a \"dominant outcome\". The concept of total warfare would only be developed much later; in the pre-gunpowder age, thousands of people living off of the countryside ou...
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[ [] ]
wia1o
If there is a multiverse with infinite universes, does that mean that fictional realism is true?
I keep reading articles or watching documentaries that suggest it seems increasingly likely that ours is just one universe within an infinite multiverse. I am not even an expert on the lay-level, just someone that likes science fiction and is a fanboy of real science, cheering from the sidelines. But here's my question...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/wia1o/if_there_is_a_multiverse_with_infinite_universes/
{ "a_id": [ "c5djywf" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ " > I keep reading articles or watching documentaries that suggest it seems increasingly likely that ours is just one universe within an infinite multiverse.\n\nEither you're misinterpreting the articles or documentaries, or they're being misleadi...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/vgymc/is_multiverse_an_accepted_theory_or_is_it_just_an/" ] ]
7x3ths
Is it impossible to intersect an electron cloud with another electron cloud?
Bad title; What I mean is, if you take two atoms, and moved them closer together so their electron clouds intersect, what would happen? I ask this because wouldn’t that mean the electrons would have a chance to be in the same place at once?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7x3ths/is_it_impossible_to_intersect_an_electron_cloud/
{ "a_id": [ "du590pe", "du5b9f3", "du5lqto" ], "score": [ 14, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Yes, electron clouds of neighboring atoms can overlap significantly. See for example, covalent bonding, where neighboring atoms combine to form molecules with shared electrons.\n\n > I ask this because...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
aaar6l
how is google photos able to give you unlimited storage completely free?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aaar6l/eli5_how_is_google_photos_able_to_give_you/
{ "a_id": [ "ecqbi03", "ecqc72d", "ecqckx1", "ecqcspz", "ecqfabi", "ecqfkqa", "ecqip22", "ecqkx2d", "ecql02y", "ecql1vr", "ecqlbgk", "ecqlff5", "ecqlkx4", "ecqlpsc", "ecqluvp" ], "score": [ 456, 210, 78, 27, 1658, 3, 53, 3...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
2ud7zf
why is deflategate so controversial?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ud7zf/eli5_why_is_deflategate_so_controversial/
{ "a_id": [ "co7bptq" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "It is not controversial. I have been watching ESPN for a while and came to one conclusion: ESPN regurgitates the fuck out of worthless news. Sports journalism is becoming a joke and just like regular (news) journalism. " ] }
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[ [] ]
11h5z7
Did Felix Baumgartner break the sound barrier and experience a sonic boom?
The press conference said preliminary results indicate he was travelling at Mach 1.24. Obviously, this is faster than the speed of sound, but was there a noticeable sonic boom? Would he know he was travelling faster than sound? I understand that at such high altitudes the pressure it much less, but what effect would t...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/11h5z7/did_felix_baumgartner_break_the_sound_barrier_and/
{ "a_id": [ "c6mfesr", "c6mgspv", "c6mm4db" ], "score": [ 11, 11, 2 ], "text": [ "To piggy back on this, Mach 1 is ~761 at sea level and 59 degrees F. Are they calculating Mach 1 for his specific position and wouldn't that require a higher velocity due to to much thinner air? I don...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound#Altitude_variation_and_implications_for_atmospheric_acoustics" ], [] ]
pyzqd
History on Punk Rock of the 1970s; Social or Cultural Historians
I have a paper to work on but I have been thinking about it ahead of time. I want to do some work on The Clash and the Punk Rock scene of the seventies in connection with the working class of England. Really if there are any helpful historians to look into who have written anything on this topic. I have been on Amazo...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/pyzqd/history_on_punk_rock_of_the_1970s_social_or/
{ "a_id": [ "c3tcze6", "c3tdb75" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "[This documentary](_URL_0_) talks a lot about how punk came to be and how it evolved, especially in the beginning.", "A fellow grad student with me did her dissertation on feminism and GenX and spent a lot of time at the...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_zfbjW35fs&ob=av3e" ], [ "http://rockhall.com/library/", "http://olc1.ohiolink.edu/search~S0?/ably/ably/1%2C443%2C2250%2CB/frameset&FF=ably+elizabeth+ann&1%2C1%2C" ] ]
2hw8b3
why can't my car key open other cars of the same make/model? what's different about my key.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hw8b3/eli5_why_cant_my_car_key_open_other_cars_of_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ckwjyb7", "ckwjyvt", "ckwlmoq" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Because the cuts of every key/lock combination are different. For instance, compare the way your key looks to another of the same car. They will be different. Also, in the case that another key is made,...
[]
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[ [], [], [] ]
fsxipd
how do leds that are individually controllable on a strip know which number they are?
Some of you may know these led strips where each led is individually controllable. I'm using these right now for my work and I think they are really interesting. I can cut the strip after every led, so how do the led controller chips know at which position they are?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fsxipd/eli5_how_do_leds_that_are_individually/
{ "a_id": [ "fm3v9ms" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "the leds are 'daisychained' which means they take data in and pass it on to the next in the line. You can string, say, 10 of them together. The burden of 'knowing' how many LEDs there are is fulfilled by the microcontroller, it knows it needs to ...
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[ [] ]
q6ucf
why does scotland want independence? what effect would independence have on the rest of great britain and the world?
I'm an American and I have no idea.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/q6ucf/eli5_why_does_scotland_want_independence_what/
{ "a_id": [ "c3v8ecz", "c3v8fd2", "c3v9jv6", "c3v9jzk", "c3v9ndo", "c3v9zcv", "c3va3mn", "c3vafj9", "c3vaqk3", "c3vb1c6", "c3vd73e", "c3vhiqc" ], "score": [ 182, 12, 8, 6, 3, 6, 7, 2, 3, 32, 28, 2 ], "text": [ ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010UKElectionMap.svg" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
4op722
if old nintendo cartridges had virtually no load times, why do games on pc hard drive do?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4op722/eli5if_old_nintendo_cartridges_had_virtually_no/
{ "a_id": [ "d4eey9y", "d4ef7gv", "d4efidr" ], "score": [ 53, 9, 2 ], "text": [ "Catridges were closer to RAM than they are to hard drives. \n\nHard drives spend time loading games into RAM to be quickly accessible by the CPU. \n\nCartridges were like sticking a RAM stick in that...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
46w45b
Did soldiers ever wear false coats of arms to pretend to be the enemy?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/46w45b/did_soldiers_ever_wear_false_coats_of_arms_to/
{ "a_id": [ "d08d0ne" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Sorry, we don't allow [\"trivia seeking\" questions](_URL_0_). These tend to produce threads which are collections of disjointed, partial responses, and not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a spec...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/rules#wiki_no_.22trivia_seeking.22_questions", "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3nub87/rules_change_throughout_history_rule_is_replaced/" ] ]
j9nu2
narcissism
And the characteristics and how they apply. I've tried looking it up but am having a hard time looking at it subjectively. Can someone give me a good 5-year-old example? Please and thank you.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j9nu2/eli5_narcissism/
{ "a_id": [ "c2aar63", "c2acoah", "c2aar63", "c2acoah" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Narcissism is that one friend that can't stop directing attention to themselves.\n\n* Like when you one friend talk about hamburgers, he'll jump in and talk about how his hot dogs ...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
5s84qy
what happens when someone rich dies with nobody to pass it on to? where does the money go?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5s84qy/eli5_what_happens_when_someone_rich_dies_with/
{ "a_id": [ "ddd3ztz" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "A person who dies intestate, or without a will or beneficiary, will have their assets distributed \"by law\". There are laws everywhere to govern this sort of thing and vary by location. For example, the laws in England are different than those i...
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[ [] ]
1a594h
What is the archaeological or non-linguistic evidence for the existence of a Proto-Indo-European language?
Edit: Thanks everyone for all the replies, they've been quite helpful.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1a594h/what_is_the_archaeological_or_nonlinguistic/
{ "a_id": [ "c8u7vbc", "c8u8ocs", "c8u95s9", "c8uasrp", "c8uc0yu", "c8ucot7" ], "score": [ 10, 28, 13, 5, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "I think the best discussion of the problem here is found in \"The Horse The Wheel and Language\" by David Anthony. While he paints a...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.crystalinks.com/hittites.html", "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/IndoEuropeanTree.svg", "http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/hittite.htm", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCltepe", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language" ], [ "http:...
32rl81
Were the Stinger AA launchers really the "game changer" in the Soviet War in Afghanistan?
I have noticed that the success of the Mujaheddin is mostly credited to the CIA's program of funding them with these launchers because it negated the presence of Mi-24 choppers? But is this really true? Were there other factors that contributed to the military defeat of the Soviets?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/32rl81/were_the_stinger_aa_launchers_really_the_game/
{ "a_id": [ "cqebmt6" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "In general, the Stingers had little to do with the Soviet withdrawal; the Soviet leadership was leery of invading Afghanistan almost from the beginning and Gorbachev made a decision to withdraw a year before the Stingers deployed. So while they h...
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[ [ "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1iwm6o/what_effect_did_the_implementation_of_the_stinger/", "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2vghxr/how_did_the_soviet_union_react_to_the_united/" ] ]
dlbxbj
how does the earth's atmosphere break things up?
Meteor (flying rock) gets broken apart by air?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dlbxbj/eli5_how_does_the_earths_atmosphere_break_things/
{ "a_id": [ "f4p36sf", "f4p3cni", "f4p6opg", "f4p6yns", "f4p71ol", "f4p7ijt", "f4pbn2w" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "When you hit air really really hard, the air hits you really really hard back. Not only this, but the air generate...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
6ngyhn
why do flags wobble in the wind even when the wind is steady?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ngyhn/eli5_why_do_flags_wobble_in_the_wind_even_when/
{ "a_id": [ "dk9ddh8" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Not 100% sure but i think its because even though the wind looks like its traveling in a single direction, the air molecules are still moving in different directions and with different velocities. Therefore when the wind is traveling around the f...
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[ [] ]
19i07g
Do the paper toilet seat covers you see in public bathrooms actually do anything to protect you?
I have always understood these toilet seat covers work, in theory, as some sort of protection against the dreaded "toilet seat STD", but I can't help but think a thin sheet of paper isn't going to do anything...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/19i07g/do_the_paper_toilet_seat_covers_you_see_in_public/
{ "a_id": [ "c8oatgy", "c8oe1zp", "c8of2jv" ], "score": [ 50, 5, 13 ], "text": [ "It's extremely unlikely to contract diseases from a public restroom toilet seat. These seat covers are designed more for the comfort of the customer.", "Door knobs and such are actually far more i...
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[ [], [], [] ]
1s0ncd
how do pro-hormones differ from "illegal" steroids and why do many bodybuilders claim that pro-hormones are more dangerous to the body (especially liver)?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1s0ncd/eli5_how_do_prohormones_differ_from_illegal/
{ "a_id": [ "cdsravz" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Pro-hormones are basically anabolic steroids that are slightly different on a molecular level from illegal steroids. The slight difference in structure allows them to be sold until they get evaluated by the FDA, at which point they are classified...
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[ [] ]
a7yytg
Did people in ancient Rome get divorced?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a7yytg/did_people_in_ancient_rome_get_divorced/
{ "a_id": [ "ec7j7xx" ], "score": [ 74 ], "text": [ "Yes. The Romans had three kinds of marriage: *in usum*, *coemptia* and *confarreatio,* each with their own way of divorcing.\n\nThe *in usum* marriage was simply a common law marriage. If a man and a woman lived together as husband and wife for ...
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[ [] ]
4e7f8d
how did hiv/aids transfer from primates to humans? from what i have heard it is more complex than "guy ate a monkey."
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4e7f8d/eli5_how_did_hivaids_transfer_from_primates_to/
{ "a_id": [ "d1xn32v", "d1xrh9w", "d1xt6zs", "d1xwm3b", "d1y2tkp", "d1y4tpa", "d1y8dq5" ], "score": [ 81, 17, 71, 7, 2, 3, 4 ], "text": [ "It is probably closer to \"guy ate a monkey which had a strain of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) which jus...
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[ [], [], [ "http://www.radiolab.org/story/169879-patient-zero/" ], [], [], [], [] ]