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37413b
What was the most important battle for the Polish Army in the East during the second world war?
Everyone knows about how the Polish Home Army carried out the Warsaw Uprising and how the Polish Army in the West were the first to captured Monte Cassino. What about the Polish Army in the East?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/37413b/what_was_the_most_important_battle_for_the_polish/
{ "a_id": [ "crjk2mj" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "During the Battle of Berlin, German 17th Army and 4th Panzer Army attacked the southern flank of 1st Ukrainian Front, trying to break through to Berlin. At the Battle of Bautzen, between April 21st and 30th 1945, Polish 2nd Army held the Germans ...
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[ [] ]
96rics
In Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a village tried a witch by seeing if she would float or sink when thrown into water. Did this sort of thing actually happen?
If the float or sink trial is just a comedic flourish, were there other ways of determining innocence that would end in death? Would the community care for the children of the executed, or in any way express remorse that they got it wrong?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/96rics/in_monty_python_and_the_holy_grail_a_village/
{ "a_id": [ "e42wudo" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ "There is always more to write, but in the meantime here is an answer I wrote that discusses how \"trials by water\" were used in Medieval England:\n\n_URL_0_" ] }
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8v3u1w/comment/e1kj7eq" ] ]
hchrw
Do we know what the Earth was like prior to the asteroid collision that formed the Moon? Could complex life have lived here?
I've read the Earth was still molten, but I don't know if that's the popular consensus or more of a guess. I was wondering how likely it would have been for complex life to have lived here pre-Moon before getting being wiped out by the asteroid.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hchrw/do_we_know_what_the_earth_was_like_prior_to_the/
{ "a_id": [ "c1ubm3z" ], "score": [ 12 ], "text": [ "It's highly unlikely that there was life. The collision happed several hundred million years after the solar system formed. The Earth, at that point, couldn't have supported life.\n\nAlso it wasn't an asteroid that hit the Earth, it was a planet...
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[ [] ]
2n0xvp
What gives humans ambition and how would you go about tricking your brain into being more ambitious?
Just always wondered what was it that really made a human ambitious and how to trick yourself into being more so im a pretty lazy person so yeah, :D just curious
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2n0xvp/what_gives_humans_ambition_and_how_would_you_go/
{ "a_id": [ "cmesdqx" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Both genetic and environmental factors affect your ambition/laziness.\n_URL_1_ Science of Laziness\n_URL_0_ Science of Productivity\n\nThe best way to trick yourself into being more ambitious or stop being lazy, think about your future self. Ther...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHfjvYzr-3g", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd7wAithl7I" ] ]
3kr2ky
what happens to cause places to become abandoned, and why are so many belongings left behind?
It's eerie seeing abandoned buildings, but even creepier when stuff is just left behind. What causes this?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3kr2ky/eli5_what_happens_to_cause_places_to_become/
{ "a_id": [ "cuzrncy" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "A building becomes abandoned typically because the people there did not pay. \nThey might not be able to pay a bank for their loan, so the bank foreclosed it. \nThey might not be able to pay for the things they would do inside the building, or ...
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[]
[ [] ]
jab4i
can someone explain sister cities to me li5?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jab4i/can_someone_explain_sister_cities_to_me_li5/
{ "a_id": [ "c2ag11c", "c2ag11c" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "When two cities are about the same size, have the same factories, or have mountains and rivers like each other. They form a partnership and agree to be friends. They usually exchange gifts like statues or art. Then, people f...
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[ [], [] ]
3wkct6
How long would it take the moon before it reached Earth in a direct course?
I just had a thought: if the moon suddenly changed course, directly towards Earth, how much time would it take before it entered the earth atmosphere? And how long would it take before it was all in the Earths atmosphere?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3wkct6/how_long_would_it_take_the_moon_before_it_reached/
{ "a_id": [ "cxx51go" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "The Moon's tangental speed is about 2,100 miles per hour. If all of that were used to approach the Earth, it'd take the Moon about 4 days and a half days to reach the Earth. The time limit in [The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask](_URL_0_) was pret...
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[ [ "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JsOPHyuAuT0/hqdefault.jpg" ] ]
3fakaf
AskScience AMA Series: We are three math experts here to tell you about our projects and answer your questions. Ask Us Anything!
We are three math panelists working on a variety of things. Our projects are listed below, along with when we'll be around, so ask us anything! ----- /u/dogdiarrhea (11-13 EDT, 15-17 UTC) - I'm a master's student working in analysis of PDE and dynamical systems possessing a "Hamiltonian structure". What does that mea...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3fakaf/askscience_ama_series_we_are_three_math_experts/
{ "a_id": [ "ctmt517", "ctmtaws", "ctmtes7", "ctmu1gf", "ctmubqk", "ctmuyj0", "ctmv113", "ctmv3b4", "ctmv3dm", "ctmv4hp", "ctmv6t7", "ctmvbbs", "ctmvfdj", "ctmvh53", "ctmvutg", "ctmvz4u", "ctmw7kw", "ctmybda", "ctmybsi", "ctmyldc", "c...
[]
[ "http://www.fsi-wt.no/" ]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.amazon.com/Vorticity-Turbulence-Applied-Mathematical-Sciences/dp/0387941975", "http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/18/6/10.1063/1.1747782", "https://en...
6nes3d
In the past? How did societies define and delimit 'countries' or 'states'?
Please bear with me as I'm actually having a hard time wording my question, such is my ignorance and ill-equippedness in the subject. So as I understand, the concept of the 'state' (i.e. what we colloquially call a 'country') really came into its own after the Peace of Westphalia. Before that, territorial boundaries w...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6nes3d/in_the_past_how_did_societies_define_and_delimit/
{ "a_id": [ "dk9e4t3" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Not a historian but have studied political science so will try to give brief input based on that. \n\nYes the nation-state concept was an experimental Enlightenment ideal, under which international relations continue to be organized to this day, ...
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[ [] ]
2lk8tw
In quantum mechanics, what exactly counts as observing?
Say we have an electron. It's position is a wave of probability until it is "observed", at which point the wave of probability collapses into a single point. My question is: what exactly counts as observing?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2lk8tw/in_quantum_mechanics_what_exactly_counts_as/
{ "a_id": [ "clvlr7r", "clvlvap", "clvrddd", "clvrwa3", "clvs0jf", "clvsofj", "clvybge" ], "score": [ 69, 5, 4, 55, 9, 5, 5 ], "text": [ "We don't know. Quantum mechanics itself doesn't answer this question, and it's left up to debate. You might find...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_collapse_theory", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_interpretation" ], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en....
fpuvra
How do false positives happen in Viral testing?
That might be quite an open question. As I understand it, testing involves changing the RNA in the sample to DNA and then matching it to another sample. That seems kind of foolproof, so why do people test positive for a virus they don't have?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fpuvra/how_do_false_positives_happen_in_viral_testing/
{ "a_id": [ "flpjrwc" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "It can sometimes be harder to create an accurate PCR based test than it would seem. We try to design primers and probes that will not match up to anything other than the sequence of interest, but that isn't always possible. Even when using NCBI B...
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[ [] ]
7v1t92
When did fist fighting (as opposed to dueling or brawling) become a socially acceptable way for 19th-20th century western men and boys to settle problems? And how did it fall from favor?
As to the first part, I seem to recall reading that bare-knuckled boxing emerged in the 19th century as a way for gentlemen to settle disputes without the danger of a duel with sword or pistol. Is this right? And as the second, I get the impression that it remained culturally acceptable in the west for two men to engag...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7v1t92/when_did_fist_fighting_as_opposed_to_dueling_or/
{ "a_id": [ "dtqr4fn" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Boxing does become incredibly popular as a 'gentleman's sport' from the late 18th century, reaching its fashionable peak between c.1810-30. That said, it was still largely regarded as a spectator sport, with working class men doing most of the ac...
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[ [ "https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/tom-jerry-and-logic-backing-tommy-the-sweep-at-the-royal-news-photo/113632041#tom-jerry-and-logic-backing-tommy-the-sweep-at-the-royal-cockpit-the-picture-id113632041" ] ]
6q7avl
why does car ignition work as it does? (instead of having a button)
Why does car ignition work as it does? (I mean why do you need to turn key and hold it to start the car) instead of just having a button - > Press once and it automatically starts the engine. I know many newer cars have buttons but even in those cases - you need to hold the button until car starts up. What makes ...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6q7avl/eli5_why_does_car_ignition_work_as_it_does/
{ "a_id": [ "dkv3qwe" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Newer buttons you just need to press quickly, I have a new Honda and that's just a quick push not a hold\n\nOlder keyed ignitions when you turned them from ON to START you were triggering a relay which connected power to the starter motor. If yo...
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[ [] ]
26j9p5
what exactly are ukips (uk independence party) goals?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26j9p5/eli5_what_exactly_are_ukips_uk_independence_party/
{ "a_id": [ "chrkg4q" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Well, the first thing to keep in mind is that all that's happened is they've got a small number of seats in the EU Parliament, nothing else.\n\nThey'll probably get a fair showing in the General Election next year sadly, but chances of them getti...
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[ [] ]
2yuofe
how is it that birds can imitate the english language very well with beaks, while mammals of similar physical facial structures as humans (dogs, monkeys, etc) cannot?
Seems like it'd be way easier for an ape to speak than a parrot
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yuofe/eli5_how_is_it_that_birds_can_imitate_the_english/
{ "a_id": [ "cpd41xr", "cpd4obm", "cpda5qk", "cpdg4e9", "cpdgoxd", "cpdhbz1", "cpdj1m0", "cpdj3wp", "cpdjpln", "cpdkhny", "cpdltf3", "cpdmowe", "cpdns4b", "cpdo1wy", "cpdp1fq", "cpdppgw", "cpdrvhm", "cpdzy2x" ], "score": [ 55, 1319, ...
[]
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[ [], [ "http://www.merckmanuals.com/media/pet/figures/DDD_dog_nose_and_throat.gif", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjAcyTXRunY", "http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jel/images/vocal_tract_chimp.gif" ], [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajsCY8SjJ1Y" ], [], [], [], [], [], ...
31smdw
are solar roadways as effective as the video claims? why or why not?
I recently watched this video: _URL_0_ It seems like a very promising technology, so why hasn't it been in production yet? What are the drawbacks to it?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31smdw/eli5_are_solar_roadways_as_effective_as_the_video/
{ "a_id": [ "cq4l9lv", "cq4lb0k" ], "score": [ 6, 11 ], "text": [ "No. Solar panels are hard to make cost efficient if you point them towards the sun and nothing is blocking them.\n\nNow imagine that you put them flat not the ground ei not pointed at the sun and then put glass that is gonn...
[]
[ "https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qlTA3rnpgzU" ]
[ [], [] ]
cyliiv
in war, how do enemy forces know that kills they’ve sustained at the hands of snipers (chris kyle, carlos hatchcock, etc.) know to attribute the work to one sniper?
For both Kyle and Hatchcock (and I’m sure others), the enemy forces have nicknames and put bounties on the heads of these snipers because they’ve recognized how deadly they are. How do they know that the kills they are attributing to these individual snipers aren’t actually the work of several snipers?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cyliiv/eli5_in_war_how_do_enemy_forces_know_that_kills/
{ "a_id": [ "eyspj9u" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Most of the time, it was the Sniper themselves claiming the kills, and nobody contradicting them. \nThe same thing with \"tank aces\". \nThere was often a good deal of propaganda surrounding it, they played up the threat of this lone hero, when...
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[ [] ]
4tlneb
startup funding. what are seed/angel/rounds of funding?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4tlneb/eli5_startup_funding_what_are_seedangelrounds_of/
{ "a_id": [ "d5i8eu0", "d5ie7sh", "d5igbi8", "d5ihhsm" ], "score": [ 16, 4, 2, 9 ], "text": [ "Seed and angel are pretty similar. Both will generally invest into an \"idea\" or concept. All you really need to get funding from them is a somewhat believable business plan. Ang...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/252322" ] ]
3ligj9
why do world-renowned actors/actresses, who have almost no risk of ever being in financial trouble, sometimes do terrible movies?
Redbox. Redbox constantly has five or six terrible movies that have household names in the lead roles. Please explain.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ligj9/eli5_why_do_worldrenowned_actorsactresses_who/
{ "a_id": [ "cv6kwe8", "cv6lgsq", "cv6mft1" ], "score": [ 4, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Because they can make a fat pile of cash for almost no work. In a lot of those terrible movies the big actors only need to show up for like 2 days, shoot all their scenes, and then cash the check.", ...
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[ [], [], [] ]
mp5t0
the categorical imperative
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/mp5t0/eli5_the_categorical_imperative/
{ "a_id": [ "c32pmlu", "c32ps3j", "c32pmlu", "c32ps3j" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Short version: Only act in a certain way if you can in good conscience say that people should always act in that way.\n\ne.g. you should not murder because if everyone went around ...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
1ppl5d
how did the birthday song's melody become the global birthday tune? even in different languages, the melody is the same.
I know it's the same for English, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian.. Even though the lyrics are very different.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ppl5d/eli5_how_did_the_birthday_songs_melody_become_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cd4tmcv", "cd4tp9u", "cd4uiuz", "cd4z17x" ], "score": [ 16, 2, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Started in America, translated into 18 languages, catchy as heck and that's likely why it was accepted into several cultures' traditions.\n\nwarner owns the rights, public perform...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Birthday_To_You" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Birthday_to_You" ], [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL_cDdLwV9c", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaonnn7yCkQ" ], [] ]
21c0l5
why am i always reading about schools in america sanctioning students for weird reasons?
Recent examples: _URL_1_ _URL_3_ _URL_0_ _URL_2_ My immediate suspicion is that the media is not telling the whole story and sensationalizing some aspect of it. But what's the deal? Why get suspended for shaving your head. edit:format
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21c0l5/eli5why_am_i_always_reading_about_schools_in/
{ "a_id": [ "cgbkpqp", "cgbl36c", "cgbqou2" ], "score": [ 4, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "1) We have a hungry population waiting to rage over pretty much anything.\n\n2) Our various media outlets know this, and are just waiting to pounce on any story they can present or even blow out of prop...
[]
[ "http://www.clickorlando.com/news/africanamerican-girl-faces-expulsion-over-natural-hair/-/1637132/23160118/-/ajcxtsz/-/index.html", "http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/03/25/girl-barred-from-school-for-shaving-her-head-to-support-friend-with-cancer/", "http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/03/18/high-school-senior-jailed...
[ [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh2sWSVRrmo" ] ]
6l0rvu
[WW2] While looking at some history books I noticed there was a 6th landing beach at Normandy, code named BAND. What happened?
Seems most people think it was canceled due to flooding by the Germans or because of German Naval Presence. Can anyone confirm the story behind this?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6l0rvu/ww2_while_looking_at_some_history_books_i_noticed/
{ "a_id": [ "djqr8g5" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Here's an answer by /u/respectart from 10 months ago: _URL_0_\n\nIt seems to have been a beach given a name for planning but with no intentions of making a landing." ] }
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4zim86/band_the_sixth_dday_beach/d708g93/" ] ]
967dlj
do different types of radiation have different temperatures?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/967dlj/eli5_do_different_types_of_radiation_have/
{ "a_id": [ "e3y90l3" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "Temperature is a property of matter. Radiation doesn't have a temperature, however it has an energy (per photon) which can result in a temperature increase when a photon interact with matter.\n\n[edit] [This chart](_URL_0_) gives the energy range...
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[]
[ [ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/EM_spectrumrevised.png/1920px-EM_spectrumrevised.png" ] ]
4ewk6q
why in trains most people hate sitting on a back facing seat?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4ewk6q/eli5_why_in_trains_most_people_hate_sitting_on_a/
{ "a_id": [ "d23xaa6", "d23xunn" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Some people get motion sickness when they aren't facing the direction of travel. It's not even close to \"most\" people. \"Most people\" don't suffer motion sickness at all. ", "Slightly off topic but I know back in the ...
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[ [], [] ]
3j366n
What were the first millitary uniforms that we know of?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3j366n/what_were_the_first_millitary_uniforms_that_we/
{ "a_id": [ "cum7j2a", "cum8ex4" ], "score": [ 20, 55 ], "text": [ "To compound on this question: what was the first organized military that we know of?", "I imagine that would depend on how you'd define a uniform.\n\nIf a group of warriors in a tribe choose to ornament themselves in a...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
2imefp
how does cheat detection in games work?
Things like VAC and punkbuster etc. how do they work? I swear I'm not a cheater guys
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2imefp/eli5_how_does_cheat_detection_in_games_work/
{ "a_id": [ "cl3fbpk" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "at the easiest level, you take the executable binary files that the game is running. take the bits in the program and run them thru a math function called a checksum. the checksum produces a number. this number will change if any of the b...
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[ [] ]
4gfq4p
why did most countries keep the roman alphabet but switch from roman numerals?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gfq4p/eli5_why_did_most_countries_keep_the_roman/
{ "a_id": [ "d2h4tqk", "d2h4vux" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I don't know about the first part but the practice side of why we don't use Roman numerals is because writing large numbers is not efficient with them, also it is very easy to misinterpret what they say. Most people won't co...
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[]
[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%3A_The_Biography_of_a_Dangerous_Idea?wprov=sfla1" ] ]
tnh5c
Is it possible to get sick from your own cold?
What I mean is: Let's say I get a cold, and end up getting my friend sick. After I've recovered, can I get a cold from the friend that I gave it to?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tnh5c/is_it_possible_to_get_sick_from_your_own_cold/
{ "a_id": [ "c4o46h2" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "You can catch the same cold, however if the strain hasn't evolved yet, the odds are that your immune system will already have the immunity built up from it the first time. So, if you were to come in contact with said cold again, your body would j...
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[ [] ]
5z21lc
how is film made for cameras?
I have always wondered how it was created to be light sensitive and how they make different types of films that give different looks.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5z21lc/eli5_how_is_film_made_for_cameras/
{ "a_id": [ "dev0q7b" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Photo sensitive papers and films are made using a form of silver. The silver halides have a very low activation threshold, and the zap of a photon is enough to knock pieces off the halide, changing it's chemical structure. \n\nThe film is made by...
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[ [] ]
7v03qx
When was the last time the moon was hit by a large enough meteroid that it would have been visible from earth?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7v03qx/when_was_the_last_time_the_moon_was_hit_by_a/
{ "a_id": [ "dtous6d", "dtp7zog", "dtpdjku" ], "score": [ 7, 3, 7 ], "text": [ "There are periodic flashes on the moon (a few have even been recorded) that are thought to be from meteor strikes. Unfortunately, because the moon lacks and atmosphere, we do not get as big of a firewo...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasas-lro-spacecraft-finds-march-17-2013-impact-crater-and-more" ] ]
2rt2w1
what are green olives stuffed with and why do they do it?
Also how do they stuff them? In a factory? Hand-stuffed by elves?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2rt2w1/eli5_what_are_green_olives_stuffed_with_and_why/
{ "a_id": [ "cnizuzh", "cnizvcg", "cnj0c9u" ], "score": [ 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "They're traditionally stuffed with pimiento, a sweet red pepper. I've seen them stuffed with all kinds of things, though - jalpeno, bleu cheese, almonds, garlic....", "[Here](Stuffed Olives: _URL_0_...
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[ [], [ "http://youtu.be/MdCqelSoCqQ" ], [] ]
1amb97
what the point of pantone colors is.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1amb97/eli5_what_the_point_of_pantone_colors_is/
{ "a_id": [ "c8ypwql", "c8yqk47" ], "score": [ 3, 3 ], "text": [ "You can do a lot with the four basic colours (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), but not all. Mixing of them is not perfect and you simply cannot recreate a certain, very specific shade. You need to go beyond paints and mix spec...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GlRUExzCWos/T7_vxHtZ4qI/AAAAAAAAAFU/4z2-VUetVSc/s1600/gamut.jpg" ] ]
2a5zx4
if we ignore the budget and just constantly create debt, why does the government even bother collecting taxes(usa)?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a5zx4/eli5_if_we_ignore_the_budget_and_just_constantly/
{ "a_id": [ "cirt44m" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Because we have to pay interest on the debt and nobody is going to lend money to a country that has zero income." ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
74l0ln
How did Stalin personally react to Hitler's 1941 invasion and launching of Operation Barbarossa? I've read he had a mental breakdown and disappeared for several days. Is this true?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/74l0ln/how_did_stalin_personally_react_to_hitlers_1941/
{ "a_id": [ "do0cha6" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "If you can read russian: [this](_URL_1_) or [this](_URL_0_) (И. Пыхалов, \"Великая оболганная война\")\n\nContent: sources about breakdown and disappearing are Khruschev and Mikoyan. Zhukov, Dimitrov and Kaganovich are against it. Visitors log su...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://militera.lib.ru/research/pyhalov_i/10.html", "http://wiki.istmat.info/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84:%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B" ] ]
ao57xt
How did the Soviets view the New Deal?
Did they see it as a step towards communism?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ao57xt/how_did_the_soviets_view_the_new_deal/
{ "a_id": [ "efyfiok" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "During a visit to the Soviet Union in 1934, H.G. Wells interviewed Joseph Stalin and asked him what he thought of Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, and whether he saw it as a stepping stone to socialism. \n\nI've included Stalin's reply below,...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/04/h-g-wells-it-seems-me-i-am-more-left-you-mr-stalin", "https://ia801802.us.archive.org/35/items/CommunistElectionPlatform1936/360800-cpusa-communistelectionplatform.pdf" ] ]
bgh72l
what is an easy way to explain the basic concept of music theory ?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bgh72l/eli5_what_is_an_easy_way_to_explain_the_basic/
{ "a_id": [ "elkwalg", "elkwmsc" ], "score": [ 3, 18 ], "text": [ "Start playing a couple of bars on a piano then hit a wrong note. Nothing familiar, but it sounded nice until you hit that wrong note. \n\nYou didn't know the song, so as far as you know it was exactly as the composer inten...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rog8ou-ZepE", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoDh_gHDvkk" ], [] ]
1v0xa3
why do we give prisoners razors to shave if they always use them to make shanks?
Just watching America's toughest prisons and thought they had far too many utensils given to them that could be used for shanks. Is there anyway to just not give prisoners sharp objects? And if yes, is it a futile exercise as they probably will find other ways of making shanks? Ty.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1v0xa3/why_do_we_give_prisoners_razors_to_shave_if_they/
{ "a_id": [ "cenma42", "cenmp5q", "cenms1j", "cenmvxa", "cenni5u", "cenoaly", "cense1l" ], "score": [ 4, 2, 6, 3, 5, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "You can make a shank out of almost anything. Just gotta find something that's hard but can be given a sharp edge ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.cracked.com/quick-fixes/9-regular-objects-turned-into-insane-prison-weapons/" ], [], [], [] ]
4oioeb
We have hot air balloons, and helium balloons but why not hot helium balloons?
I know that suggesting Hot Hydrogen is a no-no, but wouldnt heating helium provide more lift than traditional methods or is there something I am missing here? I know heating helium would not be as simple as heating air obviously, but Im sure there is a way.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4oioeb/we_have_hot_air_balloons_and_helium_balloons_but/
{ "a_id": [ "d4cxc1w", "d4d1h76", "d4d3bn0", "d4d3uvq", "d4d7f7r", "d4d8ck8", "d4d8in9", "d4d8w83", "d4da3k8", "d4dc5yu", "d4ddb3a", "d4dfi2f", "d4djzoo", "d4dmkjh", "d4dqoq9", "d4dy514" ], "score": [ 1381, 6, 161, 21, 8, 5, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://www.wired.com/2015/07/feds-created-helium-problem-thats-screwing-science/", "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/12/AR2010121203375.html" ], [ "http://imgur.com/vlm1Hjm" ], [] ]
2fz2x6
how accurate is the "hollywood" version of being shot?
A while back, for a story I was working on, I did a lot of research into gunshot wounds, but it's still difficult to me to picture the forces behind these injuries. One thing that bugs me is how movies portray being shot. In action movies, it seems like whenever a character is shot, one of three things will happen: Th...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2fz2x6/eli5_how_accurate_is_the_hollywood_version_of/
{ "a_id": [ "cke6tpb" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "EMT/medical nut here. \n\nWhen you get shot, there are a bunch of competing forces happening at once, one or more of which could kill you. Of course, blood loss is a real problem if the bullet hits anything important, but the body can actually ha...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
127j0z
Could something hit the Moon like a pool cue ball and send it (or its remaining core) hurdling toward Earth?
Is something like this even remotely (theoretically) possible? Why or why not? If so, how long would it take for us to notice major changes? And how long before impact?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/127j0z/could_something_hit_the_moon_like_a_pool_cue_ball/
{ "a_id": [ "c6ssyax" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Any impact on the moon that would be large enough to alter its orbit to intersect the earth's, would also be large enough to break the moon apart. And melt it. \n\nA back of the envelope calculation shows that, to get the moon to fall toward the...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bomba" ] ]
1ioqen
how do you real estate agents get profit if the person buying it will be on a mortgage?
Asked my eco teacher, still didn't help much.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ioqen/eli5how_do_you_real_estate_agents_get_profit_if/
{ "a_id": [ "cb6jpt6", "cb6jrtn", "cb6jrus" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Because a bank loans the buyers money. They give that money to the agent, who will give it to the seller (minus their fee). The buyer then pays the bank back the money borrowed, and interest. ", "A ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
12nzd4
What would happen if a spaceship traveling at or near the speed of light collided with a planet or some other large object?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12nzd4/what_would_happen_if_a_spaceship_traveling_at_or/
{ "a_id": [ "c6wpg0f", "c6wpjql", "c6wpydi" ], "score": [ 11, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "_URL_1_\n\n\n\n\"A 1 kg mass traveling at 99% of the speed of light would have a kinetic energy of 5.47×1017 joules. In explosive terms, it would be equal to 132 megatons of TNT or approximately 32 meg...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_kill_vehicle" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor_Crater", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar_Bomba", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicxulub_Crater", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883...
2s3xiy
if law enforcement aren't allowed to enter our homes without a warrant, why are they allowed in our yards?
I'm just curious. Are there different laws for land than there are for structures on the land? And if so, why? I started wondering after hearing about a man's dog being shot and killed by police (while he wasn't even home) after they jumped his fence while looking for a suspect. Thank you in advanced!
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s3xiy/eli5_if_law_enforcement_arent_allowed_to_enter/
{ "a_id": [ "cnlyf7z", "cnlz58f" ], "score": [ 11, 3 ], "text": [ " > after they jumped his fence while looking for a suspect\n\nThis is a key piece of information. If they had a reasonable suspicion that a suspect had entered your home, they could enter it without a warrant, too.\n\nTher...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
e1olgf
Humans have been living side-by-side with cats for a very long time. What is the history behind litter boxes / designated bathroom areas for cats?
Do we have any early records of litter boxes or similar areas where cats would be trained / conditioned to relieve themselves?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e1olgf/humans_have_been_living_sidebyside_with_cats_for/
{ "a_id": [ "f8swwxs", "ffc8xzh" ], "score": [ 64, 8 ], "text": [ "I have a side-question: where did ships' cats go to the bathroom? Did the cats just ruin some corner of the orlop or what?", "I know the thread is a month old, but someone just asked a similar question and I remembered...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "Archive.org" ] ]
3s2vv3
equations and inequalities with absolute value.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3s2vv3/eli5_equations_and_inequalities_with_absolute/
{ "a_id": [ "cwtm9ss" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "What exactly about them do you not understand?" ] }
[]
[]
[ [] ]
89lb6r
If someone becomes immunized, and you receive their blood, do you then become immunized?
Say I receive the yellow fever vaccine and have enough time to develop antibodies (Ab) to the antigens there-within. Then later, my friend, who happens to be the exact same blood type, is in a car accident and receives 2 units of my donated blood. Would they then inherit my Ab to defend themselves against yellow feve...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/89lb6r/if_someone_becomes_immunized_and_you_receive/
{ "a_id": [ "dwruqke", "dwry7ia", "dws0xi3", "dws6ytk", "dws8uwp", "dwsbh73", "dwsbvwo", "dwse876", "dwseio6", "dwshmz6", "dwslamx", "dwsxbaa", "dwt2zqb", "dwt3qz4", "dwtcc8v", "dwtggcx", "dwtgk1b", "dwtuhb7" ], "score": [ 6, 3305, ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.nature.com/news/2009/090211/full/news.2009.93.html" ], [], [], [], [] ]
krzc8
If homosexuality is completely genetic, and it became a worldwide social norm, would it eventually die out from lack of passing the gene on?
Let's say that hypothetically no homosexuals ever reproduced again.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/krzc8/if_homosexuality_is_completely_genetic_and_it/
{ "a_id": [ "c2mpnm3", "c2ms8wi", "c2mpnm3", "c2ms8wi" ], "score": [ 10, 2, 10, 2 ], "text": [ "For a lot of reasons: no.\n\nedit: adding reasons\n\nLet's assume that homosexuality is a binary thing and 100% genetic.\n\nSomeone not having the homosexual phenotype doesn't me...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [] ]
2pj0pd
Jefferson and Hamilton: When did the debate or our politics shift?
I am reading Jefferson and Hamilton by John Ferling, and in the preface, Ferling notes that modern republicans have favored the fiscally responsible Hamilton, while democrats favored the individual liberty rhetoric of Jefferson. Most interestingly, Hamilton was a federalist (strong government), but Jefferson was a demo...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2pj0pd/jefferson_and_hamilton_when_did_the_debate_or_our/
{ "a_id": [ "cmxdfzu", "cmxfgx2" ], "score": [ 5, 3 ], "text": [ "There are lots of dry scholarly articles out there if you want to look, but [here's an easy-to-read piece](_URL_1_) from [Eric Rauchway](_URL_3_), who I find to be a very respectable guy without the airiness of some of the o...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat", "http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/edgeofthewest/2010/05/20/when-and-to-an-extent-why-did-the-parties-switch-places/", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_%28United_States%29", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Rauchway", "http://en.w...
fjc8y8
Is the development of the modern clown (clumsy, big lips) related at all to racial stereotyping/minstrel shows?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fjc8y8/is_the_development_of_the_modern_clown_clumsy_big/
{ "a_id": [ "fknim5q" ], "score": [ 11 ], "text": [ "The classic clown makeup- white face, huge red lips, lined eyebrows- predates the rise of minstrel shows in the 1830's. It originated with [Joseph Grimaldi](_URL_0_) ( 1778-1837). There are various explanations ( one is that it imitated the face...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Grimaldi#/media/File:Grimaldi_and_Vegetable.jpg" ] ]
2r67no
why do i absolutely hate things that become popular, things which i may have once liked, for seemingly no reason?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2r67no/eli5_why_do_i_absolutely_hate_things_that_become/
{ "a_id": [ "cncvnen" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Often things that are popular only get discussed in a positive light and any flaws with it tend to be overlooked by the masses in general. This can lead to the dissenter to focus on the negatives to justify their viewpoint to themselves and other...
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[]
[ [] ]
2jh8lf
how do you start a fire by blowing on it? shouldn't that put it out?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2jh8lf/eli5_how_do_you_start_a_fire_by_blowing_on_it/
{ "a_id": [ "clbpvpq" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Blowing on a fire, or more usually the embers to start it brings the oxygen that fire can use as fuel closer to it, which allows it to grow and burn more.\n\nThis does only work to a certain degree though, if you blow too much air, or too hard at...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
19ow0n
why do the hours of daylight in a year not correspond strictly to latitude?
Is it because of topography?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/19ow0n/why_do_the_hours_of_daylight_in_a_year_not/
{ "a_id": [ "c8pzcf0", "c8pzngy" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "An [image ](_URL_0_) detailing number of daylight hours in North America and Europe.\n", "[Technically, it does](_URL_0_). But yes, topography does make a difference as well. However, these maps are measured with a devic...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://imgur.com/tPueXaT" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_length", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell-Stokes_sunshine_recorder", "http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/sunshine-hours/index.jsp" ] ]
1g044x
Can fish become "overweight" from eating too much? Do they generate mass like an overeating human would or does their body size just keep growing until a certain set point as they eat larger proportions?
I thought of this while feeding my tropical tetra fish today. I can't say that I've ever seen a fat fish but then again I don't think I would know it if I saw it. I know there are are freshwater fish as well as tropical... do they differ on this topic? Any insight would be appreciated.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1g044x/can_fish_become_overweight_from_eating_too_much/
{ "a_id": [ "cau5vle", "cafjlfd", "cafjlmp", "cafmp6x", "cafna9p" ], "score": [ 2, 152, 21, 8, 20 ], "text": [ "I know this thread is *positively ancient* by internet standards, but I found an article that features a fish biologist who is [dissecting an obese lionfi...
[]
[]
[ [ "http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2013/07/lionfish_invasion_the_invasive_fish_are_eating_so_many_native_species_that.html" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeterminate_growth", "http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002103" ], [ "http...
1q6s7e
elim: why oil prices went up in 2000 even though opec's supply remained relatively high
So I was reading the OPEC wiki page (_URL_0_) and it states that "In the 2000s, a combination of factors pushed up oil prices even as supply remained high." What were those factors and why do oil prices stray from a standard Supply/Demand model?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q6s7e/elim_why_oil_prices_went_up_in_2000_even_though/
{ "a_id": [ "cd9rwda" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Demand increased dramatically, basically. China and India saw huge increases in the number of people driving. China, for instance, had 20 cars per 1,000 people in 2004. By 2009, that was 47 cars per 1,000 people -- more than double the 2004 numbe...
[]
[ "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC" ]
[ [ "http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.VEH.NVEH.P3" ] ]
46fna2
Does Earth have the most varied elemental composition in the solar system?
On the surface, Earth looks like a very diverse planet compared to the monotone wastelands of the other planets. However, I wonder if this translates to actual elemental diversity, I.e. a relatively high standard deviation of atomic number.
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/46fna2/does_earth_have_the_most_varied_elemental/
{ "a_id": [ "d050rms", "d051nbh", "d051som", "d0533nh" ], "score": [ 66, 92, 13, 2 ], "text": [ "Well, if you just mean total number of elements, we win. Every known natural element can be found on earth, and we have synthesized some, so we have more than any other planet c...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "http://www.pnas.org/content/77/12/6973.long" ], [] ]
2ld9vd
Sup everyone! I was wondering about terminal velocity. How exactly do you calculate it, and how do you determine how long it would take for an object to reach it?
Bonus question is why exactly there is a terminal velocity! Thank you all for your help!
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2ld9vd/sup_everyone_i_was_wondering_about_terminal/
{ "a_id": [ "clto0xb" ], "score": [ 24 ], "text": [ "A body falling to the earth is being pulled by gravity with a force equal to its mass times the gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8m/s^2) -- F=mg. If there's nothing (like air resistance) to oppose that force, a body will continue accel...
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[]
[ [] ]
a9ha9m
How do we know TREE(3) is not infinite but at the same time don't know the upper bound for it?
I was watching [Numberphile's video](_URL_0_) on how TREE numbers work and in the video they said TREE(3) is much more massive than Graham's number (effectively Graham's number would be 0 compared to TREE(3)). They said that it is known that TREE(3) is not infinite but there is currently no known upper-bound. How was ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a9ha9m/how_do_we_know_tree3_is_not_infinite_but_at_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ecmfw9t" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Kruskal's tree theorem states that trees with well quasi ordered labels are themselves well quasi ordered under embedding. This means that any infinite sequence of them must have two such that the former is embeddable in the latter.\n\nSince the ...
[]
[ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3P6DWAwwViU" ]
[ [] ]
3nxx3d
what happens if all ten non permanent members of the un security council vote against a resolution but all five permanent members vote for?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3nxx3d/eli5_what_happens_if_all_ten_non_permanent/
{ "a_id": [ "cvs8tpd", "cvs9ccw" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "In order to pass, a resolution most fulfill both of the following:\n\n- All 5 permanent members must vote for it.\n\n- A majority of all security council members must vote for it.\n\nThe resolution would not pass. The UN's s...
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[]
[ [], [] ]
26u9b9
How did specific spelling of english words come to be standard?
I cant help but notice when reading older examples of English text. The spelling of words are very very different from our contemporary English words. In most cases there's no fixed spelling for a word, yet today we have a standard of spelling for every word we use. How did this come about?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/26u9b9/how_did_specific_spelling_of_english_words_come/
{ "a_id": [ "chujho1", "chun6un" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "The simple answer is when dictionaries became popular. \n\nThe less simple answer is that English spelling isn't standardised. There are huge differences between British and American English spelling. \n\nUnlike the Romantic...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
4p2vch
why do objects in our vision appear to be in different places when we look through one eye closed one eye open.
For example if your looking at an object and you close your left eye but keep your right one open and then do the same with your left eye. The object seems to have changed positions.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4p2vch/eli5_why_do_objects_in_our_vision_appear_to_be_in/
{ "a_id": [ "d4hmfxy", "d4hnl7x" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Because your eyes aren't in exactly the same place as one another. They're a few inches apart..You are literally seeing the object from two different angles. Your brain combines the images into one when you have both eyes op...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
8g53a7
How did we figure out the shape of proteins and other organic compounds?
How did scientists discover the true and exact shape of such tiny patterns? The structures of some biomolecules seem to be perfectly 3D scanned shapes
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8g53a7/how_did_we_figure_out_the_shape_of_proteins_and/
{ "a_id": [ "dy91l7n" ], "score": [ 14 ], "text": [ "The structure of many proteins were discovered by isolating the protein, precipitating it out of solution to form a solid crystal, and then using the diffraction pattern of x-rays passing through the crystal to infer its structure. This techniqu...
[]
[]
[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" ] ]
4x5ped
how can there be a scientific adam and eve if there would of been multiple ancestors?
I heard my teacher saying theres a scientific eve which we can trace all humans to but they would of been many homo neanderrhals etc
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4x5ped/eli5_how_can_there_be_a_scientific_adam_and_eve/
{ "a_id": [ "d6cpi1h", "d6cqj5z", "d6cvwhg" ], "score": [ 6, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "It's called the most recent common ancestor. Basically all other lines of decent have died out at some point so we're all related in some way. At the time they lived, there were other people about, but ...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [] ]
33ppa2
When someone has an allergic reaction, such as from being stung by a bee, what exactly is going on?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/33ppa2/when_someone_has_an_allergic_reaction_such_as/
{ "a_id": [ "cqok1ys", "cqovn55" ], "score": [ 2, 4 ], "text": [ "Bee venom contains proteins, which are foreign to your body. If your immune system recognizes a foreign protein, it can trigger a response to that protein. How the immune system responds will depend on the nature of the fore...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
49odwh
[Astro] Does our Sun radiate anything else other than photons?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/49odwh/astro_does_our_sun_radiate_anything_else_other/
{ "a_id": [ "d0tg8nl" ], "score": [ 68 ], "text": [ "Yes, plenty of stuff. For one, the fusion reactions that power all the good stuff also produce neutrinos. These are extremely light particles (the lightest particles with non-zero mass that we know) that almost never interact with other particle...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
3d23rh
If I were to cross the Atlantic in 1875 from New York to London, or some other large European port city, how long would it take and what type of liner would I be on?
Also, what would I do during my stay on the ship? Was there entertainment? Food? Laundry? Would all of this depend on ticket price and social class?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3d23rh/if_i_were_to_cross_the_atlantic_in_1875_from_new/
{ "a_id": [ "ct15726" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Let's talk for a moment about what you *wouldn't* have. There would be no electrical lighting (that was a first aboard the *Columbia*, built in 1880). There would be no refrigeration. It wouldn't be steel-hulled (that would come with the *Servia*...
[]
[]
[ [] ]
4iljw7
why does your body allow you to sleep if you're about to die?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4iljw7/eli5_why_does_your_body_allow_you_to_sleep_if/
{ "a_id": [ "d2z1ro7", "d2z1sie", "d2z95mh" ], "score": [ 8, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Your body doesn't \"know\" that medical intervention could potentially save it. Your body doesn't even \"know\" what medical intervention is; only that if your body's natural defenses have been exhauste...
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[ [], [], [] ]
2b4r54
why don't those with authority (such as police officers) face the same penalties as ordinary citizens for crimes?
I'm just curious because everyday I hear about injustices to citizens from police offers, however they only get measly penalties such as being fired, whereas a normal person would be jailed, fined heavily, etc.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2b4r54/eli5why_dont_those_with_authority_such_as_police/
{ "a_id": [ "cj1rvkb", "cj1slut" ], "score": [ 33, 7 ], "text": [ "Officers are put into legally problematic positions as part of their jobs. For example it is the duty of an officer to use their service weapon to stop an armed criminal before they can injure or kill others. But if the off...
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[ [], [] ]
76luw2
if proteins and enzymes denature at high temperatures, how do animals such as tardigrades survive under these conditions.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/76luw2/eli5_if_proteins_and_enzymes_denature_at_high/
{ "a_id": [ "doezdke", "dof394e" ], "score": [ 9, 6 ], "text": [ "They have proteins that are designed to retain their shape at high temperatures. In fact, it's possible that those proteins won't function under more normal temperatures.", "I can't speak about tardigrades specifically, ...
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[ [], [] ]
1kj1lx
How far back does the practice of breeding animals/plants for desired traits go?
I'm familiar with the development of agricultural fairs and awards in the 19th century, but were there practices before this? Are there any instances before the acknowledgement of inherited traits and evolution?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1kj1lx/how_far_back_does_the_practice_of_breeding/
{ "a_id": [ "cbpknqz" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Arguably, this happened at the very beginning of agriculture and husbandry. Planting any crop will promote that particular species, and of that species that particular strain, over others. If you use the seeds of that crop just once, it is becaus...
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[ [] ]
4l3cu2
What did the average person think about the atomic bombs at the end of WW2?
By average I mean non physicists. Did people just shrug their shoulders and accept that 1 bomb could have that much power? Did they think that they were being lied to due to wartime censorship?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4l3cu2/what_did_the_average_person_think_about_the/
{ "a_id": [ "d3ke609" ], "score": [ 6 ], "text": [ "I've never seen anything that indicated that any substantial number of people thought they were being lied to. One should remember that the physics underlying the bomb (nuclear fission) was known before the war began, and that the list of eminent...
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[ [] ]
2aw3s4
big data
Could someone explain what exactly Big Data is. Is it a specific technology, or a term about different technologies. If you could also explain to me some barriers for it to become mainstream, and why it is just starting to gain ground now
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2aw3s4/eli5big_data/
{ "a_id": [ "cizcemj" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "It's something of a buzzword and lacks a concrete definition. However, the idea is that our computational power now allows us to gather, store, and analyze vast amounts of information - magnitudes more than twenty or thirty years ago.\n\nThe impl...
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[ [] ]
30czy4
what algorithm or code is used to program traffic lights?
Who writes these codes? Are they somehow autotomatically adapting? If they are manually changed, who makes the decisions for the times and frequency the lights change?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/30czy4/eli5_what_algorithm_or_code_is_used_to_program/
{ "a_id": [ "cpr90z8" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "It's probably the city planning department. There may even be a traffic management sub-department, if the city is big enough.\n\nYou know how sometimes there's those [black tubes hooked up to a small box](_URL_1_) that's chained to a sign or pos...
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[ [ "http://i00.i.aliimg.com/img/pb/438/452/093/1093452438_607.jpg", "http://www.cityofknoxville.org/images/engineering/traff_counter.jpg" ] ]
7cg6rj
Why does it feel like jalapeños are actually burning your skin?
After de-seeding them...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7cg6rj/why_does_it_feel_like_jalapeños_are_actually/
{ "a_id": [ "dprns63" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "The reason that chillies (and other foods) are spicy is mostly due to the chemical capsaicin. This is a naturally occuring compound, found in particularly high concentrations in things like jalapeños.\n\nCapsaicin is able to activate a particular...
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[ [] ]
eplcfb
During the various Latin American independence movements the majority of the new countries turned to a republican system, and yet Brazil became an Empire, why was this?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/eplcfb/during_the_various_latin_american_independence/
{ "a_id": [ "fj6cybc" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "I don't know the history of the rest of Latin America independences but I can tell you the Brazilian history. English isn't my first language so sorry for any mistakes. \n\nAfter the Napoleon troops invaded Portugal in november 1807, heading to L...
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[ [] ]
4g9tln
what is the advantage of uber/ lyft over traditional cabs?
I ask because it seems like there often isn't a large cost difference so that can't be the game changer. You can schedule them with an app but you can do that with a lot of traditional cab companies now too. I don't have a dog in the hunt, just curious. What makes this revolutionary?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4g9tln/eli5_what_is_the_advantage_of_uber_lyft_over/
{ "a_id": [ "d2fptnp", "d2fpxwb", "d2fq2j8", "d2fsiy2", "d2ft0wr", "d2ftq5b", "d2fyksk" ], "score": [ 22, 7, 2, 2, 9, 7, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm in Eastern/Central Europe so this may be different, but:\n\n- uber is cheaper\n- traditional cabs worked like...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
2cju3p
what would happen if a camera at the end of a rope is "thrown" through a black hole?
Hi Reddit. I have no background in the field of Physics, or any science for that matter. I was wondering what would happen if we were to tie a live-recording camera to the end of an extremely long rope and somehow throw it through a black hole, assuming whoever is at the other end of said rope isn't sucked in or someth...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cju3p/eli5_what_would_happen_if_a_camera_at_the_end_of/
{ "a_id": [ "cjg6g13", "cjg6i5a", "cjg6imm", "cjg79vh" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "The camera would just be crushed due to the intense gravity as far as I know", "The camera would be crushed, as would the rope. Neither would function or continue to exist as ...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]
3soosb
why do anime episodes often get removed from youtube for copyright but never get removed on sites like crunchyroll?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3soosb/eli5_why_do_anime_episodes_often_get_removed_from/
{ "a_id": [ "cwz3d1b", "cwz3evh", "cwz3gay" ], "score": [ 12, 7, 3 ], "text": [ "CrunchyRoll pays the studios for the anime and either you pay a fee or have to watch commercials (or not if you use adblock)", "Crunchyroll is a streaming company that negotiates licensing fees wit...
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[ [], [], [] ]
19w13p
how does a group like skidrow crack games' drm?
How can they see what the protections are and how do they crack them? And how so quickly?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/19w13p/eli5_how_does_a_group_like_skidrow_crack_games_drm/
{ "a_id": [ "c8s336v" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Think of a game - or any computer program - like a recipe. Do this, do that, do this other thing. At some point in a copy-protected game, it'll do some check to see if it's allowed to install or run; maybe check a serial number or make sure the...
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1eudxr
How was a razed city re-organized, if the conqueror did not actively annex and re-colonize it?
I'm currently reading a historical fiction novel which covers the devastation of Kiev after it had been razed by the Mongols. I might be wrong on this, but my impression is that unlike Carthage which was eventually recolonized by the Romans after its razing, the Mongols didn't send out groups of settlers to Kiev. So I ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1eudxr/how_was_a_razed_city_reorganized_if_the_conqueror/
{ "a_id": [ "ca4wnbx" ], "score": [ 14 ], "text": [ "I can speak from a Byzantine perspective.\n\nThe Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire in the 7th century saw most of its Anatolian cities sacked multiple times by Arab raiders/invaders, with many cities outright abandoned, and the few surviving cities...
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dz73bf
what's dijkstra's algorithm used for in computer science?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dz73bf/eli5_whats_dijkstras_algorithm_used_for_in/
{ "a_id": [ "f85nrca", "f85nxm7" ], "score": [ 7, 2 ], "text": [ "Lots of things. It's also known as 'Shortest Path First'.\n\nI can be used for networking to find the shortest route(least number of router stops when sending a message).\n\nIt can be used in databases to slowly optimize the...
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[ [], [] ]
2bhj9s
if it's possible to build up a sleep debt, is it possible to build up a "sleep credit"? if not, why not?
If I were to sleep more than I needed to during the week, would that enable me to sleep less at the weekend, in the same way that if I sleep too little during the week I have to "catch up"?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bhj9s/eli5_if_its_possible_to_build_up_a_sleep_debt_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cj5dd2k", "cj5dmhs", "cj5e9jo", "cj5hf1u", "cj5ibf9", "cj5j4qz", "cj5jnvg", "cj5m5zi", "cj5rvq8" ], "score": [ 108, 3, 9, 2, 5, 6, 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "We aren't really sure why, but it doesn't seem that something like t...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
b1xd4q
Shouldn't there be Quark stars?
Since the implosion of the massive stars generally moves down the scale of atomic and subatomic particles, shouldn't there be Quark stars somewhere after the stage of neutron stars? Since we know a little bit about Quarks could we calculate what such a star might be, how it would look, some of the possible effects it ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b1xd4q/shouldnt_there_be_quark_stars/
{ "a_id": [ "eiqg3od" ], "score": [ 8 ], "text": [ "The interior state of neutron stars is poorly known. It might contain something you could call \"quark star\"." ] }
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[ [] ]
dxf414
if bees dont use all the honey they produce, then why do they continue to make so much more than they need?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dxf414/eli5_if_bees_dont_use_all_the_honey_they_produce/
{ "a_id": [ "f7pj4iw", "f7pj87j", "f7pjokg", "f7pmn8t", "f7pn0ef", "f7po6st", "f7ptc13", "f7qvuub", "f7ruhrj" ], "score": [ 6, 447, 78, 45, 31, 28, 3, 3, 3 ], "text": [ "Anticipating the inevitable theft of some or all of it?", "T...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
5m9bcw
why do sites like youtube and facebook (but especially youtube) continuously modify their interface with new skin, color, and features, despite the negative reception of their userbase?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5m9bcw/eli5_why_do_sites_like_youtube_and_facebook_but/
{ "a_id": [ "dc1sxyo" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Because everybody hates change. Week 1-4 of a UI overhaul, everyone hates it. It's all different and you have to find the stuff you want again. Once you figure it out you stop caring and usually whatever new/optimized feature gets a jump in usage...
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[ [] ]
2v98t7
You're on a train and it crashes. Is it better to be in a forward facing or a rear facing seat?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2v98t7/youre_on_a_train_and_it_crashes_is_it_better_to/
{ "a_id": [ "cofl2hm", "coflyyf", "cofqff1", "cofqy2u", "cofs5pf", "cofub5r", "cofw6ar", "cofwv8t", "cog09rs", "cog170d", "cog2nxe", "cogcllp" ], "score": [ 2488, 305, 149, 2, 18, 6, 15, 45, 3, 2, 7, 2 ], "text": [...
[]
[]
[ [], [ "http://www.volpe.dot.gov/infrastructure-systems-and-technology/structures-and-dynamics/rail-equipment-crashworthiness", "http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/record/ntl/19478.html", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naBn3hHGqVE" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
3jb93h
How does a developing embryo know which side is left and which is right?
Today I heard about *Situs Inversus*, a disorder in which the internal organs are reversed left/right, and started wondering: how do the embryos know which side is which to begin with in the first place? Why isn't this random, with half the population one way and one the other way? [Wikipedia mentions some proteins a...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3jb93h/how_does_a_developing_embryo_know_which_side_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cuntbw4", "cunxtq7", "cuoghvh" ], "score": [ 38, 7, 3 ], "text": [ "It happens because cilia beat asymmetrically, and ciliary motion of fetal cells therefore creates an asymmetric flow of fluid around the fetus, thus creating asymmetry to chemical signaling during feta...
[]
[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_(physics\\)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_solitus" ]
[ [], [ "http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/1/1/a000802.full" ], [] ]
mzhgh
How have we evolved the ability to smell chemicals from such geographically widespread plants?
Cloves come from Indonesia. We can smell Eugenol, which is the dominant aroma compound in cloves. Vanilla comes from Mexico and Central America. We can smell Vanillin, which is the dominant aroma compound in vanilla. Anise comes from the Mediterranean. We can smell Anisole, which is the dominant aroma compound in ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mzhgh/how_have_we_evolved_the_ability_to_smell/
{ "a_id": [ "c3546ad", "c3546ad" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm sure someone who has more expertise can come in a give a better answer. The chemoreceptors in our nose bind to and detect certain chemical bonds, stimulating the neuro signal that our olfactory bulb then processes and c...
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[ [ "http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi1017396" ], [ "http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi1017396" ] ]
26etgm
Why does food cook? Why doesn't it change to a liquid /gas?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/26etgm/why_does_food_cook_why_doesnt_it_change_to_a/
{ "a_id": [ "chqstb2" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "It doesn't get hot enough to turn to liquid or gas. The thing about food (depending on what it is) is that it's a very complex mixture of proteins and carbohydrates. The cooking process gives enough energy to mess with their structure, which is t...
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[ [] ]
1wb701
At what point on a trip up a space elevator would you begin feeling weightless?
So let's say there's a real space elevator, hypothetically. And you're riding up it to geostationary orbit. What do you feel on the way up? Are there any notable sensations other than due to the climbing of the elevator? Once you hit the normal altitude of Low Earth Orbit, say 300km, if you jumped off the elevator...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1wb701/at_what_point_on_a_trip_up_a_space_elevator_would/
{ "a_id": [ "cf0c27d", "cf0cl7p", "cf0r1o0", "cf0wh8b" ], "score": [ 11, 6, 2, 5 ], "text": [ "It's a misconception that people in orbit experience weightlessness due to their distance from Earth causing reduced gravity. In fact, objects in orbit actually experience 90% of ...
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[]
[ [ "http://what-if.xkcd.com/58/" ], [], [], [ "http://fooplot.com/plot/4yobvncx8o" ] ]
11mfgc
When we grow up, where do the atoms find their way into our growing bodies? And is it possible those atoms used to be part of some other human before?
Sorry for possible grammar errors I'm not a native english speaker. But as far as I understand energy cannot be created nor cease to exist, so the atoms which everything is made of must be somehow recycled?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/11mfgc/when_we_grow_up_where_do_the_atoms_find_their_way/
{ "a_id": [ "c6npxm5", "c6nq01c" ], "score": [ 11, 6 ], "text": [ "Not really a serious, detailed answer, but the atoms find their way into our growing bodies, mostly through food... And yes it is possible that some of the atoms in your body to have been in another human being. I don't kno...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://www.hk-phy.org/articles/caesar/caesar_e.html" ] ]
57venf
what does the chairman of the senate budget committee do? what authority do they have that other senators don't?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/57venf/eli5what_does_the_chairman_of_the_senate_budget/
{ "a_id": [ "d8vbmry" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Proposed legislation is typically sent to the committee that it falls under. The committee then holds investigations and actually crafts the legislation. Once the committee approves it, it goes to the floor for a vote are further tweaks. Basicall...
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[ [] ]
29gso2
How does specific heat affect heat transfer between objects?
If material A is an object at a temperature t1 with a specific heat of u1, and material B is a liquid at temperature t2 and specific heat u2, such that t1 > t2 and u1 < < u2, if A was immersed in B , would material A be cooled below temperature t2 (even for only a moment) because of the lesser energy required to cool ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/29gso2/how_does_specific_heat_affect_heat_transfer/
{ "a_id": [ "ciktmvr" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "the two materials would move towards equilibrium. the hotter material would always be hotter than the other, and vice versa, until they reach equilibrium.\nthe end temperature will therefore be between the two start temperatures, and the end temp...
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[ [] ]
54h2ma
is it better to brake hard to avoid in a car or apply firm braking
Say you can clearly see the the traffic is slowing extremely rapidly but you do have time to brake. What will provide the **best reduction in speed**, slam on brakes on braking as firmly as possible?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/54h2ma/eli5is_it_better_to_brake_hard_to_avoid_in_a_car/
{ "a_id": [ "d81se62", "d81xjxa" ], "score": [ 2, 7 ], "text": [ "Depends on your car, road conditions and tires.\n\nIn many modern cars, antilock brakes are standard. So a panic stop where you slam on the brake pedal will engage the antilock system and automatically pulsate the braking to...
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[ [], [] ]
1m4nkz
Were Warbonds a good investment?
Many governments sold War Bonds as way of financing wars. The most famous example is probably during the First and Second World War. Were these bonds ever a good investment which turned a profit for investors or did they only have patriotic value?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1m4nkz/were_warbonds_a_good_investment/
{ "a_id": [ "cc5w23q", "cc5zg02" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Adding on to OP's question, what were the interest rates on various war bonds issued by different countries? Did anyone \"hedge\" their war bonds? Were war bond purchases usually limited to citizens of that country? if not, ...
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[ [], [] ]
rzv45
Are there any two foods/edible materials that are harmless when consumed separately and dangerous when consumed together?
This was somewhat inspired by a friend's belief that she would explode if she ate Mentos and Diet Coke in quick succession. Having empirically showed that this is untrue, are there any foods/drinks/other materials which are safe to consume on their own, but would have side effects if consumed together?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rzv45/are_there_any_two_foodsedible_materials_that_are/
{ "a_id": [ "c49ylby", "c49zq8l" ], "score": [ 5, 5 ], "text": [ "Not so much with food, since food tends to mostly be made of the same types of chemicals. Certain drug combinations, like Tylenol and alcohol, can do more damage together than either would alone, although your body can usua...
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[ [], [ "http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/maois/HQ01575", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase_inhibitor#Interactions", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit#Drug_interactions" ] ]
3oi0p0
why does drinking a liquid such as a dry wine leave your mouth feeling dry even though it's a liquid?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3oi0p0/eli5_why_does_drinking_a_liquid_such_as_a_dry/
{ "a_id": [ "cvxd47s", "cvxex5z" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "With red wine, you are feeling a chemical called *tannin* which gives the illusion of a dry feeling.", "The tannins in wine are an astringent. The property of an astringent (when the word is used for foods) is that it c...
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[ [], [] ]
39j2zb
if i am not supposed to peel off a scab how come all my instincts are telling me to do it
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/39j2zb/eli5_if_i_am_not_supposed_to_peel_off_a_scab_how/
{ "a_id": [ "cs3th2i" ], "score": [ 30 ], "text": [ "Because your scab has healed at the edges, meaning your body, right at those points, is going \"Hey there's some junk on this healthy skin, get it off!\" so you have the instinct to rip at it (or scratch at it).\n\nThe problem is, it's *only* he...
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[ [] ]
335p8w
how do antibiotics kill unwanted bacteria but not the body's own cells?
I know about enzymes and such in a basic sense, but the fact that an antibiotic actually *works* still doesn't quite make sense to me. Wouldn't we need a specifically engineered antibiotic for each strain of bacteria? Why does the antibiotic only harm bacteria?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/335p8w/eli5_how_do_antibiotics_kill_unwanted_bacteria/
{ "a_id": [ "cqhrbz2", "cqhs858", "cqhtg4o" ], "score": [ 2, 15, 2 ], "text": [ "Antibiotics have many different mechanisms, but essentially, they take advantage of how bacteria are different from human (or more generally, animal or even eukaryotic in some cases) cells. \n\nA famou...
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[ [], [], [] ]
3nitzk
how is stephen colbert a character? what is different between stephen colbert and "stephen colbert"?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3nitzk/eli5how_is_stephen_colbert_a_character_what_is/
{ "a_id": [ "cvoh5ac", "cvoh61k", "cvohg26", "cvojyc2" ], "score": [ 11, 4, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Stephen Colbert played a character by the same name on his Comedy Central show \"The Colbert Report\". The fictional Colbert was a parody of the kind of personality-driven opinion...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]