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3hvmv4
If the stereotypical European knight were to have a duel with the stereotypical samurai, what would they both bring to the fight equipment wise? (Not a who would win)
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3hvmv4/if_the_stereotypical_european_knight_were_to_have/
{ "a_id": [ "cuazyx4" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Your question is somewhat too broad to really be answered. Over the hundreds of years, throughout many different kingdoms in Europe and different periods in Japan the equipment would change drastically. Sometimes pole arms, sometimes swords, some...
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[ [] ]
31m72d
economically speaking is there an optimum population level where almost all citizens have a high standard of living?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31m72d/eli5_economically_speaking_is_there_an_optimum/
{ "a_id": [ "cq2w8j1", "cq2z64g" ], "score": [ 4, 6 ], "text": [ "The ideal political structure you're thinking of is communism. Everyone works for everyone and the greater good of society, as well as being classless so no one is better than anyone", "Modern socialist countries come c...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
z5skk
During the cold war, did Britain play much of a part in the hostilities?
What were the chances that if the nukes started falling Britain would have been in the firing line? Or would it have come down mostly to the USA and USSR taking the punches? Edit: Also, why was it called a War if no one actually died?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/z5skk/during_the_cold_war_did_britain_play_much_of_a/
{ "a_id": [ "c61qxfn", "c61r79l", "c61r9tg", "c61shc0", "c61svxv", "c621z52" ], "score": [ 13, 16, 9, 7, 6, 3 ], "text": [ "In a full blown nuclear exchange, the USSR would have bombed all NATO states (UK included) and NATO would have bombed all Warsaw Pact ...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kahn" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_war#Cold_War" ], [], [], [] ]
2xezog
Since astronomers have found mega-stars that are millions of times larger than the Sun, is it possible to have mega-planets that are millions of times larger than the Earth?
_URL_0_ After watching this video showing the progression of stars and their sizes, it first made me thought how small we are. The Sun is the largest object in the Solar System, but in comparison to supermassive star, the Sun is *barely* *a* *pixel* (never mind the Earth!). I was wondering whether it's possible to hav...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2xezog/since_astronomers_have_found_megastars_that_are/
{ "a_id": [ "cp057nq", "cp1rvvg" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "There are planets bigger than earth and even larger than jupiter, but not that much larger like those hypergiant stars compared to our sun. \n\nThere is an equilibrium between different forces, that counteract each other. Th...
[]
[ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q" ]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrES-4b" ], [] ]
7fv8we
What combinations of frequencies and harmonics do musical instruments create?
I'm currently writing a physics essay about frequencies of notes and chords. For the experimental part of the essay, I'm analysing the frequencies produced by said notes and chords with a Fast Fourier Transform. When playing an A4 note, for example, I see all the harmonics of the A note, as expected. However, I'm also ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7fv8we/what_combinations_of_frequencies_and_harmonics_do/
{ "a_id": [ "dqepu26" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ " > When playing an A4 note\n\nAre you playing it on an instrument? Or is it a perfect sine wave? \n\nIf it's not a perfect sine wave the shape of the wave will affect the harmonics. Take a look at the [Fourier series](_URL_0_)\n\nAny wave can be ...
[]
[ "https://i.imgur.com/z4t0EId.png" ]
[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series", "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbre" ] ]
1hrv3h
Out of all the various religions in history, what made the major ones of today catch on?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1hrv3h/out_of_all_the_various_religions_in_history_what/
{ "a_id": [ "cax9urt", "caxg682" ], "score": [ 8, 3 ], "text": [ "There really is no answer to this question. However, it appears that changing technology, migrations and political realities made particular types of religions and particular governmental systems more common and seemingly mo...
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[ [], [] ]
1ybt1w
How do lifeforms without some kind of cognition perform what appears to be goal-oriented behavior?
I'm not quite sure how to put this into words, so I'll give an example. [This video](_URL_0_) has been on reddit plenty of times before, showing a white blood cell "chasing" a bacterium. How does it know where to go? Does the bacterium leave some kind of chemical marker that the white blood cell picks up, and the white...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ybt1w/how_do_lifeforms_without_some_kind_of_cognition/
{ "a_id": [ "cfjdtph" ], "score": [ 17 ], "text": [ "You're hinting around two of my favorite topics when you talk about bacterial decision making and have forced me to open my dissertation =P.\n\nI can't help you with the white blood cell thing, if I hazard a guess I'd say its a chemoattractant g...
[]
[ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOjUhSQ" ]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis" ] ]
gdcpo
If we were to find life on an alien planet, would it have DNA structured the same at all?
I don't understand much about DNA or biology, so forgive me, but I've always been intrigued by the concept. All life on Earth seems to have some genetic code structured in the same way, but is that because we all came from a common ancestor or because that's just how life evolves? If we were to go to a different plan...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gdcpo/if_we_were_to_find_life_on_an_alien_planet_would/
{ "a_id": [ "c1mqmhp", "c1mqt3i" ], "score": [ 6, 15 ], "text": [ "Our genetic code is all the same because we evolved from a common ancestor, as you say.\n\nWe just don't know what other molecules might be able to serve as genetic material. It might or might not be that life evolving in E...
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[ [], [] ]
2atir1
how can stars like vy canis majoris, betelgeuse, and rho cassiopeiae be so large without collapsing upon their own gravity?
I originally submitted this as a comment and decided to take it to the next level.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2atir1/eli5_how_can_stars_like_vy_canis_majoris/
{ "a_id": [ "ciym7yy" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "They are held at bay by the **cataclysmic** heat of nuclear fusion. When that runs out, when it starts fusing iron and can't keep generating heat at the fusing edge of the core it goes poof and forms a neutron star or black hole. The sudden colla...
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3pmfkc
Did people ever believe that humans couldn't exceed a specific speed?
This is specifically for british culture, I guess. There are quite a lot of references to the idea in victorian stories (e.g the introductory scene in 'Around the world in eighty days' etc.). Basically, was it ever actually common belief that exceeding a specific speed would be fatal, or is it just an urban myth?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3pmfkc/did_people_ever_believe_that_humans_couldnt/
{ "a_id": [ "cw7nhxc", "cw7zk8n" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm having an impossible time finding a source for this, but when the train was first invented/becoming common, especially in the UK, there were urban legends that the speed of the train (even being inside of it) was too fas...
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[ [], [] ]
1z747w
why do i get billed a much higher amount for medical services/prescriptions than my insurance company?
If I buy my prescription outright, it costs me $450. Through insurance, they bill $221. It's the same medication in the same exact quantity.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1z747w/eli5_why_do_i_get_billed_a_much_higher_amount_for/
{ "a_id": [ "cfr3gnb" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Because people tend to go to medical facilities that accept their insurance provider (so they can actually *use* their insurance). The insurance companies negotiate discounts on services in exchange for allowing the facility to accept their insur...
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3u0otj
Found this carved into my basement wall under an old layer of white wash. My house was constructed in 1861, anyone have any idea of its meaning?
My dad thinks it may have something to do with the underground railroad for some reason. I live in the Hudson Valley in New York. So some of the letters are hard to make out, and i would have to rip up more white wash to reveal more, but some of the letters were crumbling. Here is the link: [Imgur](_URL_0_)
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3u0otj/found_this_carved_into_my_basement_wall_under_an/
{ "a_id": [ "cxb4kqn", "cxbhdux" ], "score": [ 16, 5 ], "text": [ "Can you post another photo or two so the symbols are clearer? Alternately, highlight or draw them since you can see them better in person.\n\nAlso, have you spoken with your local historical society? They may be able to bot...
[]
[ "http://i.imgur.com/wrzbXKo.jpg" ]
[ [], [ "http://brickcollecting.com/" ] ]
t06wp
Why is the globe always shown one way? (Hard to explain my question, more info inside)
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t06wp/why_is_the_globe_always_shown_one_way_hard_to/
{ "a_id": [ "c4iff39", "c4ifhib", "c4iflfd", "c4iidls" ], "score": [ 7, 4, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "It's just a convention that has persisted since antiquity. To quote [Wikipedia](_URL_0_):\n\n > The convention that North is at the top (and East at the right) on most modern maps...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversed_map" ], [], [ "http://www.herefordcathedral.org/visit-us/mappa-mundi-1" ], [] ]
1xs3j5
why are carbs the largest part of the food pyramid when popular diets & new research says to cut them out?
I first learned of the keto diet after joining Reddit which is a diet that cuts out majority of your daily carbohydrates (consuming approx 20 a day). Since then not only have I discovered more benefits to Keto but also the Mediterranean and Paleo diets have seem to become more popular because they cater to the body's b...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1xs3j5/eli5_why_are_carbs_the_largest_part_of_the_food/
{ "a_id": [ "cfe4zdp" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I've read that the food pyramid was created in the Department of Agriculture by people who hadn't studied nutrition.\n\nPeople in government who make policies are often ignorant, misguided, or cynical." ] }
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[ [] ]
34jv0b
How did Abraham Lincoln become so politically popular in a time when many of the important things he is remember for today were considered radically liberal?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/34jv0b/how_did_abraham_lincoln_become_so_politically/
{ "a_id": [ "cqvcuag", "cqvdi0h" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "You may want to check your premises - there is little evidence to suggest that Lincoln was exceptionally popular as President, and indeed a fair case to be made for his unpopularity. While polling data is obviously unavailab...
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[ [], [] ]
315yc2
How does a Human compare in efficiency/output vs an Internal Combustion Engine?
We have Internal Combustion engines that can run on vegetable oil, and convert the energy into mechanical force, expelling CO2. Humans can do largely the same thing by consuming vegetable oil and turning a crank of some sort. How do we compare? Are we more efficient? How many humans would have to be working together ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/315yc2/how_does_a_human_compare_in_efficiencyoutput_vs/
{ "a_id": [ "cpz1rlv", "cpzchpt" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm not exactly sure what the question is: is it which is more efficient at energy consumption or which is more efficient at turning energy into mechanical work? Humans are pretty good at consuming things and using that ene...
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[ [], [ "http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ojpG_uEzOog/T8aNsrfeIOI/AAAAAAAABJQ/NSiswXwVdKU/s1600/13percentefficiency.png" ] ]
1od9kt
How did 19th century armies maintain cavalry units?
t seems like in my entirely non-academic concept of 19th century armies, there were lots and lots of horses used in battle, and surely large numbers of them would be killed in combat. How did large scale armies maintain large amounts of cavalry? Were countries running military ranches with the sole purpose of raising h...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1od9kt/how_did_19th_century_armies_maintain_cavalry_units/
{ "a_id": [ "ccr2d2d" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ "Yes, all nations that fielded a sizable cavalry force kept extensive stud farms. Not only enemy bullets, bayonets, sabers or lances killed horses - diseases and lack of fodder also did quite a bit.\n\nIt was not uncommon to see parts of the caval...
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[ [] ]
d3iuyc
what happens in the body that causes a physical reaction to a funny joke?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d3iuyc/eli5_what_happens_in_the_body_that_causes_a/
{ "a_id": [ "f03gli8" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Not an expert but id assume our brains processes something we find truly funny and cause involuntary movement in our face to express happiness and form a smile. Id also assume laughter was first used as communication when speaking wasn’t an optio...
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[ [] ]
cjeizq
how are animals like felines able to jump and leap insane distances? what makes humans unable to do the same?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cjeizq/eli5_how_are_animals_like_felines_able_to_jump/
{ "a_id": [ "evcs0nc", "evcx4z5", "evczpqt", "evczut4" ], "score": [ 8, 3, 22, 7 ], "text": [ "A cats body is better suited for being lean and agile, it was just created like that by evolution to behave so, humans legs aren't like cats, were much more stuff and strudy becau...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%E2%80%93cube_law" ] ]
1uwq23
how does a car measure it's speed to show up in the speedometer? what happens if the car is replaced with wheels of different diameters? does it matter?
Title.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1uwq23/eli5_how_does_a_car_measure_its_speed_to_show_up/
{ "a_id": [ "cemet4b", "cemetf7", "cemi0qz" ], "score": [ 2, 13, 5 ], "text": [ "It is tuned with a factor of the output RPM from the transmission. If you use larger tires, the speed displayed is less than your actual speed.\n\nSource: I used to own a car with 70R14 tires whereas i...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
us7v4
Can cats or dogs see what's on a TV or computer monitor?
I have long been under the impression that cats and dogs could not see what was on a TV screen or computer monitor because their eyes could not compensate for the refresh rate designed for human eyes. However, I was recently searching online for the answer to this question (to settle an argument) but every page I hav...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/us7v4/can_cats_or_dogs_see_whats_on_a_tv_or_computer/
{ "a_id": [ "c4y5srm", "c4y6vs3" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "Please avoid anecdote. The answer should not include the words \"my cat\" or \"my dog\". Instead please cite research.", "In this study \"[Dogs do look at images: eye tracking in canine cognition research](_URL_1_)\" t...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://dogtv.com/Faq#", "http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/spackled/2012readings/Somppi_Dogs%20do%20look%20at%20images_2012.pdf" ] ]
1c50oz
When did the use begin of such stylized symbols as the arrow (→) and heart (♡)?
I'm curious to know when and how certain symbols, which are now ubiquitous and taken from granted, came into use. I could ask many such questions (and any related symbol interests me) but I'll concentrate on just two of them: * The stylized arrow (something like this: →), used to indicate a direction or to draw atten...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1c50oz/when_did_the_use_begin_of_such_stylized_symbols/
{ "a_id": [ "c9d5a2s", "c9d79oi" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "I don't know about the arrow, but I heard that the heart symbol as a symbol of love originates in [silphium](_URL_0_), whose seeds had the exact same shape.", "I'll bet dimes to doughnuts one of the type heads in /r/ des...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silphium" ], [ "en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(symbol)" ] ]
2yxv05
why is the water colder in the water bottle than the outside of the water bottle temperature
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yxv05/eli5_why_is_the_water_colder_in_the_water_bottle/
{ "a_id": [ "cpdyowc", "cpdyr5u" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It isn't. It just *feels* that way.\n\nWhen you feel something as hot or cold, you're not actually feeling temperature. You're feeling heat flowing either into or out of your body. Some materials conduct heat better than ...
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[]
[ [], [ "https://youtu.be/vqDbMEdLiCs" ] ]
98jybr
why can my aches and pains "reset" by doing more exercise?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/98jybr/eli5_why_can_my_aches_and_pains_reset_by_doing/
{ "a_id": [ "e4gln3u" ], "score": [ 12 ], "text": [ "By reset, I assume you mean a brief yet acute dulling of pain. This is due to something known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia. As the muscles start aching, they activate the pain related nerves in the body, known as A-delta and C fibres. This pa...
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1kmsez
How is it people can remain hydrated when the majority of beverages they drink are diuretics, like coffee, beer and soda?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1kmsez/how_is_it_people_can_remain_hydrated_when_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cbqiokp", "cbqjex6" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "Coffee, Beer, and Soda contain a LOT of water, far outweighing any diuretic effect from it's ingredients. \n\nWe can drink nothing but double-strong black coffee, while eating a few coffee beans for good measure, and still s...
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[ [], [] ]
169hzt
Do Emergen-C and similar products actually do anything?
I've heard that they do not help in actually preventing colds, but they may aid in decreasing the duration. What are the known effects?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/169hzt/do_emergenc_and_similar_products_actually_do/
{ "a_id": [ "c7u49p2" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The science behind this question is as follows: immune cells have high Vitamin C concentrations, and you use up Vitamin C faster when you're sick. However, this will only be a major health issue for you if you are already significantly Vitamin C ...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2008/03/your_health_this_week.html" ] ]
49crx8
How serious was ballroom dancing in the 18/19th century?
I've seen in movies, and in a ballet some really extreme precision ballroom dancing. At least in the movies there could be fifty people all dancing perfectly, switching partners and using a large variety of moves. Obviously that is through the magic of Hollywood and a ballet troop, but how intense were these dances a...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/49crx8/how_serious_was_ballroom_dancing_in_the_1819th/
{ "a_id": [ "d0rg19k" ], "score": [ 39 ], "text": [ "I'd like to apologize for my exuberance and outburst of writing in this thread. It's extremely rare that a question related to my specialty comes up.\n\nIn short:\n\nI've written a considerable amount below. The basic summary is that no, dances ...
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fq7ng
Why is it that the more viscous a liquid, the more sticky it is? More importantly, how does "sticky" work?
For example, if I was to submerge a gold bar into a vat of honey, why would some honey be left on the bar when I pull it out? Shouldn't the lower density liquid be able to easily fall off? My deepest respect to those of /r/askscience for spending valuable time answering the idol questions of the average person.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fq7ng/why_is_it_that_the_more_viscous_a_liquid_the_more/
{ "a_id": [ "c1htemg", "c1huqv7" ], "score": [ 6, 2 ], "text": [ "Viscosity is about flow, right? It flows more slowly. So it will drip off the object, just take more time to do it. There's a famous \"[pitch drop experiment](_URL_0_)\" that flows so slowly that it has had 8 drops since 193...
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[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_drop_experiment" ], [] ]
2oqca8
why (chemically/psychologically) does some music make me feel like an unstoppable badass?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2oqca8/eli5_why_chemicallypsychologically_does_some/
{ "a_id": [ "cmplg1u", "cmpnrwx", "cmpsiu2", "cmq0gu7" ], "score": [ 90, 33, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "It's to do with association, this is why different music evokes different emotions for people, you begin to associate yourself to a suspension of your own disbelief in a subconsc...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]
3i1dem
History terminology word help!
I can't think of the word, and I know it's basic but I've been writing this essay for too long and my brain has pretty much shut off. So what is the word for when you look at two sides/two sources to reach a middle ground... it starts with a d I'm pretty sure.
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3i1dem/history_terminology_word_help/
{ "a_id": [ "cuchzoo" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I think you are referring to dialectic, possibly? Although dialectical reasoning is supposed to result in a reasoned, rational answer rather than a middle ground per se, as I understand the term." ] }
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[ [] ]
koj8m
Is it possible to overwork your brain?
The question above.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/koj8m/is_it_possible_to_overwork_your_brain/
{ "a_id": [ "c2lx2js", "c2lyzyb", "c2lx2js", "c2lyzyb" ], "score": [ 6, 3, 6, 3 ], "text": [ "In certain ways, [yes](_URL_0_).", "This works on many levels:\n+ All cells are not able to power itself and clean up at the same time, so the more it works the dirtier it gets...
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[ [ "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/magazine/do-you-suffer-from-decision-fatigue.html?pagewanted=all" ], [], [ "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/magazine/do-you-suffer-from-decision-fatigue.html?pagewanted=all" ], [] ]
186hzm
Is it possible to ever hear a pure square wave?
Given that speakers take time to move back and forth, is it possible to ever truly hear a square wave, or would everything we hear be rounded off a bit? How close could we get to a pure square wave?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/186hzm/is_it_possible_to_ever_hear_a_pure_square_wave/
{ "a_id": [ "c8c1dqb", "c8c3jxm", "c8cb1uy" ], "score": [ 8, 8, 3 ], "text": [ "To *hear* a purely square wave your eardrum would need to teleport backwards and forwards. If the ear was exposed to a pure square wave, the eardrum would wobble back and forth in tune with the wave, al...
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[ [], [], [] ]
durzuh
How do Scientists Make Protons?
I know protons are used in the Hadron colliders and even in cyclotrons for radiation therapy. But how are these protons made in the first place?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/durzuh/how_do_scientists_make_protons/
{ "a_id": [ "f782rk8" ], "score": [ 29 ], "text": [ "You just buy a bottle of hydrogen gas, and heat up hydrogen molecules until they dissociate. \n\n[Here’s](_URL_0_) some more detail about the LHC source." ] }
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[ [ "https://www.lhc-closer.es/taking_a_closer_look_at_lhc/0.proton_source" ] ]
2hbs83
if food takes longer than 24 hours to digest, then why do i take a massive fiery dump within an hour or two every time i eat spicy asian food?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2hbs83/eli5_if_food_takes_longer_than_24_hours_to_digest/
{ "a_id": [ "ckr72k3", "ckr7755", "ckr7xux" ], "score": [ 10, 9, 3 ], "text": [ "The spicy food can irritate your stomach and make your bowels react by clearing what ever is in the pipeline, so to speak. ", "Food typically takes 12 hours to digest. If the food is irritating to ...
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[ [], [], [] ]
2zlhfm
why denying the holocaust is not protected under the freedom of expression? and why denying other genocides/mass killings is not criminalized in any countries?
I'm not a denier, but this dilemma has always baffled me.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2zlhfm/eli5_why_denying_the_holocaust_is_not_protected/
{ "a_id": [ "cpjzbhm", "cpjzcgp", "cpjzchg", "cpjzexm", "cpjzi0b", "cpk0bku", "cpk1f3u", "cpk1rfw", "cpk3q5u", "cpkrnmg" ], "score": [ 8, 11, 4, 45, 11, 16, 3, 5, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Not all countries have the same level of fre...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
n5e83
Are there any theories on the future of evolution or is it pretty much wide open and impossible to predict?
Like say in 3, 30, or 300 million years from now, could primates surpass the intellect of modern humans and grow into a new society? Could dolphins become amphibious and eventually develop claws or fingers for grasping tools?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/n5e83/are_there_any_theories_on_the_future_of_evolution/
{ "a_id": [ "c36e1v9", "c36e3c7", "c36ehhu", "c36e1v9", "c36e3c7", "c36ehhu" ], "score": [ 6, 4, 2, 6, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "At the scale you are interested in evolution is impossible to predict. The fundamental principle of evolution is that organisms change a...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_extinction_rate" ], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_extinction_rate" ], [], [] ]
1x2c1p
why do cold sores sting?
Well, first of all, my original thought was why do they sting when I rub my tongue over them, but after taking a drink of water just now I realized pretty much anything that touches it stings. Why is that?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1x2c1p/eli5why_do_cold_sores_sting/
{ "a_id": [ "cf7i1so" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Herpes actually infects the nerves themselves, so it's a combination of direct stimulation of the pain nerves and stimulation by swelling." ] }
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[ [] ]
e05rlm
what causes the full body twitches during climax?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/e05rlm/eli5_what_causes_the_full_body_twitches_during/
{ "a_id": [ "f8c3h3o", "f8c4hw7" ], "score": [ 16, 12 ], "text": [ "Are you guys getting full body twitches?", "[Article](_URL_0_) about the hormones released and the brain activity during orgasm.\n\nThe answer is that almost the entire brain \"lights up\" with activity and neurons tri...
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[]
[ [], [ "https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-happens-to-your-brain-when-you-orgasm" ] ]
6fjwb6
How did people think magic was real?
I'm mostly picturing medieval time. Was there a court wizard or something like it? What WAS magic back then.
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6fjwb6/how_did_people_think_magic_was_real/
{ "a_id": [ "diiycbv", "dijdu1m" ], "score": [ 7, 5 ], "text": [ "Depends on the time frame and geographic location, but it's important to remember that for pretty much the entirety of human existence, people have believed in magic - even today, people have their luck rituals, check their ...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.worldcat.org/title/grimoires-a-history-of-magic-books/oclc/781239916", "http://www.worldcat.org/title/popular-magic-cunning-folk-in-english-history/oclc/484694769", "http://www.worldcat.org/title/magician-the-witch-and-the-law/oclc/36179703" ], [ "http://www.onlinenevada.org/articl...
29n3mh
Good sources on the Russo-Japanese Wars?
Pretty much as per the title, I've recently become interested in the numerous conflicts between Russia and Japan, up to and including World War II. I tend to have trouble getting my way through books that are too dry, so I'd like to request good prose over the level of detail if I can't have both (of course, not at the...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/29n3mh/good_sources_on_the_russojapanese_wars/
{ "a_id": [ "cimiv1d" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Had to dig back into my university reading lists to find exact titles, but here's a couple I remember being useful reading on Japanese imperialism in the late 19th/early 20th century:\n\n* W.G. Beasley, *[Japanese Imperialism, 1894-194](_URL_0_)5...
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[]
[ [ "http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Japanese_Imperialism_1894_1945.html?id=Ik4mclWXq7cC&redir_esc=y", "http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Toward_the_Rising_Sun.html?id=nVVOAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y", "http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Russo_Japanese_War_in_Global_Perspec.html?id=xlg0l...
5sf577
How free was Venetian society?
Given that most regions of Europe were very feudal, and most people were dirt-poor serfs with few rights, how did Venetian society compare? It was a "republic," as well as a massive trade hub. Did this have any effect on the quality of life/level of freedom for the average citizen?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5sf577/how_free_was_venetian_society/
{ "a_id": [ "ddgcmt8" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "John Julius Norwich opens his *History of Venice* by noting that more time separates the beginning and end of the Republic of Venice than separates Queen Elizabeth II of England from the Norman Conquest. The Republic of Venice was a polity which ...
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[ [] ]
2ulphg
Are Hitler and Wittgenstein in this photo?
_URL_0_
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ulphg/are_hitler_and_wittgenstein_in_this_photo/
{ "a_id": [ "coapet1" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "I'm of the opinion that it is not. Wittgenstein and Hitler did attend the same school in Linz but the photo is dated to a time when Wittgenstein might not have been at the school. Also Hitler and Wittgenstein would have been two grades apart, whi...
[]
[ "http://www.aryse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/realschule.jpg" ]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jew_of_Linz#Realschule" ] ]
3uvyv4
Was Greece's successful defense against Italy really a crucial factor for the win of the Allied forces at World World II?
So, I live in Greece, and the following is something that's heard a lot in History classes: because the Greek pushed back the Italians when they attacked Greece, the Germans had to come to finish the job and conquer Greece, and the delay caused by this resulted in Germany invading Russia during the winter, which led to...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3uvyv4/was_greeces_successful_defense_against_italy/
{ "a_id": [ "cxi8xkj" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "From an earlier [answer](_URL_0_) \n\nThis is a somewhat contentious issue and one that is clouded by numerous parties postwar who argued that the Greek theater was a vital delay for Barbarossa. Obviously, the notion of Greek resistance and a nat...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3qedk0/it_took_six_months_for_the_axis_powers_to_force/" ] ]
1370ey
Is it coldest before dawn, or am I ... feeling things?
So, I've always noticed that it is coldest before the sun comes up, but I'm curious whether this is: 1) a function of basic physiology whereby my circadian rhythm is tied to sensory perception that is more acute when nearing a waking state. 2) a function of psychology whereby I am more aware of my senses the nearer I...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1370ey/is_it_coldest_before_dawn_or_am_i_feeling_things/
{ "a_id": [ "c71cjix", "c71d7f7" ], "score": [ 2, 6 ], "text": [ "If you're in the US, check out _URL_0_. They have a great temperature graph that tracks temperature as time of day along with sunrise/set.\n\nThe other day, in Iowa, the high temperature for that day was in fact, midnight as...
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[]
[ [ "www.weather.gov" ], [] ]
2y7aaw
why is the underlying algorithm used to calculate credit scores not in the public domain?
I realize that there are plenty of high-tier explanations for what factors influence one's credit (e.g., 35% comes from payment history, 15% length of credit history...) but the actual algorithm is protected IP for reporting agencies. Wouldn't a more transparent system work better and encourage clear **actionable** imp...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y7aaw/eli5_why_is_the_underlying_algorithm_used_to/
{ "a_id": [ "cp715xz", "cp7515i" ], "score": [ 3, 2 ], "text": [ "The United States has the rule of law, more or less. \n\nWe don't just arbitrarily confiscate people's property, including intellectual property, because some guy on the internet thinks that that would be more fair.", "...
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[ [], [] ]
6gk83f
What philosophy/methodology is there to historical analysis?
Is there a specific methodology/philosophy that Historians use when analyzing why certain events in history happened the way they did? Due to my own political beliefs I follow Dialectical Materialism which is what we use to say why x event happened the way it did and can be used to explain the fall of feudalism and the...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6gk83f/what_philosophymethodology_is_there_to_historical/
{ "a_id": [ "dir8umf" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "I don't want to discourage other answers, but I think [this thread](_URL_0_) may be in the neighborhood of what you are looking for. Provided, of course, that I've understood your question correctly. Basically, the thread goes into some detail re...
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/68ma5k/monday_methods_on_great_man_theory_trends_and/" ] ]
160vxt
What is the significance of the ~28 day menstrual cycle in humans?
I understand all mammals have varying cycles, but I was curious if their were any theories or evolutionary benefits for human to have the cycle we do. Kind of a strange question, I know, but just my random pondering on a Saturday afternoon.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/160vxt/what_is_the_significance_of_the_28_day_menstrual/
{ "a_id": [ "c7rmx4n", "c7rnkx8" ], "score": [ 2, 6 ], "text": [ "[not layperson speculation, but a request for clarification] \n\nDo you mean is it significant that its about the same length as a month? Are you comparing significance to mere coincidence? ", "I just watched the show Q...
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[ [], [] ]
3ahy7j
are there nuclear reactions that give out hydrogen (proton or deuteron) as a product?
With some friends we were discussing terraforming of planets poor in light elements (Venus). My idea being that it would be easier to produce these elements in loco rather than move huge amounts through the solar system.
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3ahy7j/are_there_nuclear_reactions_that_give_out/
{ "a_id": [ "csdh9ti" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "Hydrogen, or more specifically a proton, can be emitted during very rare nuclear decay events. It would be entirely impractical to use this, or any sort of radioactive element, to populate an entire planetary quantity of another element.\n\n[Here...
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[]
[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_emission" ] ]
1c9ilk
Looking for information on "The Last Africans" (book).
Hi, on my travels in Ghana a host showed me this book documenting the last African tribes living "pure" traditional African lifestyles. It's from the late seventies, I forgot the author (sorry), but [Amazon suggests G. Chesi](_URL_0_) - kinda hard to tell for sure without description and cover picture. My questions: ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1c9ilk/looking_for_information_on_the_last_africans_book/
{ "a_id": [ "c9edmwo" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "I've found a review of *The Last Africans* by Gert Chesi in *Africa: Journal of the International African Institute*, Vol. 53, No. 3 (1983), pp. 99-104:\n\n > *The Last Africans*, by Gert Chesi, is also a 'coffee-table' book, but very different f...
[]
[ "http://www.amazon.com/The-Last-Africans-G-Chesi/dp/0847802515" ]
[ [ "http://www.worldcat.org/title/last-africans/oclc/5389163/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true" ] ]
i0zky
Can gravity waves split a black hole?
In a binary black hole system, energy from the orbit is dissipated through gravity waves, which causes the orbit distance to decrease. (right?) I'm guessing that this phenomenon is time-reversible, meaning that if both the gravity waves and the black holes were to reverse direction, their orbit would increase. When bl...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i0zky/can_gravity_waves_split_a_black_hole/
{ "a_id": [ "c1zzwdg", "c200scs" ], "score": [ 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Yes the Einstein equations are time-reversal invariant, so if you were to simulate this numerically, you could simply run the \"movie\" backwards and get your desired result of splitting a black hole with gravity waves. How...
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[ [], [] ]
8oshns
why do you have to fast before getting certain blood tests?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8oshns/eli5_why_do_you_have_to_fast_before_getting/
{ "a_id": [ "e05qfrr", "e05qmh0", "e05xlww", "e061ejf", "e061iry", "e0693jc", "e06kwvd" ], "score": [ 5, 109, 39, 2, 4, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "The Fasting Blood Glucose Test is the primary test for diabetes. It's the routine bloodwork test that is most ...
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[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
3sovi6
Did the US and the Allies seriously consider joining the Germans to set a counter offensive on the USSR closer towards the end of the War in 45? If so why didn't they take that route?
I recognize the fact that the US had nukes and felt that would save them some time but why didn't they just want to finish the job early rather than over the next several decades with the Cold War?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3sovi6/did_the_us_and_the_allies_seriously_consider/
{ "a_id": [ "cwz9u1m", "cwzc79n", "cwzna1t" ], "score": [ 2, 22, 3 ], "text": [ "Thought/relevant question.\n\nCan someone tell me the size of the Allied air forces compared to the Soviet ones in 1945?\n\nI assume that the Soviets could have held air supremacy over at least the Sov...
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[]
[ [], [ "https://books.google.ca/books?id=WwwAAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false" ], [ "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1209041/Operation-unthinkable-How-Churchill-wanted-recruit-defeated-Nazi-troops-drive-Russia-Eastern-Europe.html" ] ]
33pw54
why can we not consciously feel organs working in our body if they are continuously at work?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33pw54/eli5why_can_we_not_consciously_feel_organs/
{ "a_id": [ "cqn8vvh", "cqn8vw2" ], "score": [ 4, 2 ], "text": [ "Very few nerves in your internal organs, except for when they need to tell you that something hurts. Theres also very little movement, so you wouldnt feel it that way. But you do feel your stomach rumble or growl right? That...
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[ [], [] ]
3wsnqc
why is there alot more hype and excitement for star wars episode vii than there was for episode i?
I remember when Episode I came out and there didn't seem to be even half the hype there is for Episode VII. Is the marketing different? Online environment and connectivity?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3wsnqc/eli5_why_is_there_alot_more_hype_and_excitement/
{ "a_id": [ "cxyqemt", "cxyqnl8", "cxyqsha", "cxyqvmf", "cxz7g3l" ], "score": [ 22, 4, 10, 3, 2 ], "text": [ "I think you are vastly mis-remembering the hype. Go look up some videos of lines for Phantom Menace. The toy thing was the same too, I remember getting Le...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_I:_The_Phantom_Menace#Release" ] ]
9868bj
why do americans have 5k races when we use miles?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9868bj/eli5_why_do_americans_have_5k_races_when_we_use/
{ "a_id": [ "e4dlc5p", "e4dn5on" ], "score": [ 49, 4 ], "text": [ "Running is an international sport, and the standard distances are in meters or kilometers.\n\nOther sports, like tennis, traditionally have Imperial measurements, and those are used even in countries that use the metric sys...
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[ [], [] ]
2vqih9
why do restaurants' food taste so much better when the ingredients are relatively inexpensive?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vqih9/eli5_why_do_restaurants_food_taste_so_much_better/
{ "a_id": [ "cok12yb", "cok17ub", "cok188n" ], "score": [ 15, 2, 7 ], "text": [ "More butter, more salt, better equipment. There isn't much more to say, restaurant food is intense, also lots of prepared ingredients that home cooks don't take the time to do (like sauces) ", "F...
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[]
[ [], [], [] ]
31g4id
is there a reason why people like to "get sun"?
Beyond getting a tan
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31g4id/eli5_is_there_a_reason_why_people_like_to_get_sun/
{ "a_id": [ "cq17s01", "cq19yey" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Your body requires sunlight to synthesize vitamin D IIRC.", "There are several studies which links sun exposure to production of \"feel-good\" endorphins. Also, Vit D." ] }
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[ [], [] ]
12a6mg
Why does body odor often smell like onions?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12a6mg/why_does_body_odor_often_smell_like_onions/
{ "a_id": [ "c6tfid6" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "The smell of onions is caused by the breakdown of certain amino acids. The smell of sweat is also partly caused by this process as well. Both sweat and onion end up with similar amino acid derivatives when they undergo this process and you have s...
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[ [ "http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_odor#section_1" ] ]
418hsp
Are all wavelengths of EM radiation, for which an optical lens is transparent, refracted by it?
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/418hsp/are_all_wavelengths_of_em_radiation_for_which_an/
{ "a_id": [ "cz0gab0" ], "score": [ 7 ], "text": [ "Yes. Anytime there is a differnce in refractive index, there is refraction. There is no solid or liquid material that has the same index of refraction as air. Therefore, anytime light travels from air into a transparent liquid or solid, it refrac...
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[ [] ]
aj7o3h
mold spores affect on the human respiratory system.
ELI5: how do mold spores affect the human respiratory system, and how do the different types of mold affect it differently
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aj7o3h/eli5_mold_spores_affect_on_the_human_respiratory/
{ "a_id": [ "eetm9ua" ], "score": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Mold likes to grow in cool, wet areas. The danger of mold spores depends on their ability to tolerate the heat inside your body as well as their ability to avoid detection by your immune system.\n\nThere are fungal spores everywhere and it would ...
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[ [] ]
4dfwie
What happened to the Irish Druids?
So, as I understand this, the Romans did a fairly solid job of destroying most of the Gaelic Druids, destroying their groves and killing the druids when they could capture them. A lot of damage was done to some major places of gathering in Whales as well, if I remember correct. My question though is, what happened to...
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4dfwie/what_happened_to_the_irish_druids/
{ "a_id": [ "d1qmi91" ], "score": [ 21 ], "text": [ "/u/depanneur and I double-teamed a similar question a little while ago. Since it was both of us, [I'll point you to the thread](_URL_0_) rather than copying the answer here. :)" ] }
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[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3tbeev/when_would_the_last_druids_have_died/" ] ]
5u7d3a
why is it preferable to ask for someone's resignation rather than just fire them with cause?
Recent National Security Advisor resignation got me thinking about this. Also the US president's penchant for firing people before he took office would lead me to assume he would rather fire people
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5u7d3a/eli5_why_is_it_preferable_to_ask_for_someones/
{ "a_id": [ "ddrus7f", "ddrusaf", "ddruuui", "ddrwbj2", "ddry7ka", "dds1b0r" ], "score": [ 7, 2, 68, 3, 23, 20 ], "text": [ "My police friends tell me it's common to ask for resignation rather than get fired because you \"choose\" to leave and look for emplo...
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[]
[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]
ft63ds
Why wasn't ocean acidification a problem millions of years ago when the dinosaurs were experiencing extremely high levels of CO2?
My friend and I were talking about the effects of CO2 and he brought up a good point that CO2 has been really high in the past, but the ecosystems didn't collapse like we think they might from the recent spike in climate change. He is pretty anti-climate change, and I usually lean toward the side of most scientists. ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ft63ds/why_wasnt_ocean_acidification_a_problem_millions/
{ "a_id": [ "fm6d3af", "fm6ddba", "fm5g0fy", "fm5tdq3" ], "score": [ 4, 3, 42, 16 ], "text": [ "Another factor to consider is rate of change. When changes in the atmosphere, oceans, climate, etc. happen over geologic time, populations have the opportunity to migrate or adap...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6231/229.full", "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-008-0381-8", "https://www.pnas.org/content/109/3/728.short", "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825212000463#s0120" ], [ "https://www.sciencedi...
6qexw5
why are advertisers suddenly demonetizing so many popular youtube creators' content?
It seems like this just happened in the last several months. Many popular you tubers are no longer getting ad revenue. Why wasn't this a problem for the advertisers in the last several years, and why is it suddenly a problem now?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6qexw5/eli5why_are_advertisers_suddenly_demonetizing_so/
{ "a_id": [ "dkwqt8m", "dkwrs32" ], "score": [ 4, 7 ], "text": [ "My Hypothesis: Most likely because a lot of Youtubers will suddenly open up about their political views. \n\nThink of it like this, Joey is a youtuber. Company A endorses Joey but at the same time Company A says that they ar...
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[ [], [] ]
hfz8b
How warm would the Earth be if it we were not in orbit around the Sun?
Recently [this link](_URL_0_) was [posted in /r/Astronomy](_URL_1_) The first question that comes to mind is: How warm would the Earth be if it we were not in orbit around the Sun? And the second is Thinking of the Super-Earths that have been found, how big would a planet would there have to be so that it would st...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hfz8b/how_warm_would_the_earth_be_if_it_we_were_not_in/
{ "a_id": [ "c1v3v98", "c1v4927" ], "score": [ 3, 6 ], "text": [ "I'm no astrophysicist, but I'm pretty sure that without an internal or very nearby heat source of great magnitude, it would get very cold very fast.", "Disclaimer, I'm just going to work out how cold the Earth would even...
[]
[ "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=free-floating-planets-microlensing", "http://www.reddit.com/r/Astronomy/comments/hfoz2/free_worlds_billions_of_extrastellar_planetary/" ]
[ [], [ "http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=394846", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann_law", "http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=Sqrt%5BSqrt%5B44+TeraWatts+%2F%28%28Stefan%E2%80%93Boltzmann+constant%29+*+surface+area+of+the+earth%29%5D%5D" ] ]
1m547z
if december 21st is called the winter solstice, then is it called the summer solstice in australia?
Because in Australia it is summer...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1m547z/eli5_if_december_21st_is_called_the_winter/
{ "a_id": [ "cc5uubr" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Yes. June 21 is our Winter Solstice." ] }
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[ [] ]
22bgx3
what does it mean to be a psychopath? how can i spot one, and are they always dangerous?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22bgx3/eli5_what_does_it_mean_to_be_a_psychopath_how_can/
{ "a_id": [ "cgl69n6", "cgl8bfh", "cgl8e38" ], "score": [ 5, 4, 3 ], "text": [ "Psychopath is a very broad and misused term nowadays, however as I'm not a specialist I won't try and pretend I know more than I do. But yeah people use that term for a bunch of things now.", "Psych...
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[]
[ [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYemnKEKx0c" ] ]
qfkbn
How come stuff sticks to other stuff when wet, and stays after it dries?
For example when you run through a sports field in the rain and blades of grass stick to your shoes, then later after everything is completely dry, the blades of grass stay stuck on your shoes. Or when you go to the beach and get wet sand stuck on your legs, then after it all dries, you have dry sand stuck on your legs...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qfkbn/how_come_stuff_sticks_to_other_stuff_when_wet_and/
{ "a_id": [ "c3xbepm" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Part of this is explained by the high surface tension of water. It wants to minimize the amount of surface area exposed to air. You put a drop of water on a surface that is non-polar (low surface energy) like wax and the drop minimizes its surf...
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[ [] ]
4z6e3j
how do bugs like flies survive a drop from terminal velocity
If a fly falls from 6ft and reaches terminal velocity, how does it survive? To them, the ratio of that height is very high. Humans can barely survive a drop from 2 floors depending on how you land.
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4z6e3j/eli5_how_do_bugs_like_flies_survive_a_drop_from/
{ "a_id": [ "d6t6lfk", "d6t70dh" ], "score": [ 5, 5 ], "text": [ "In the same way as a human with a parachute survives falling from 10,000 feet at terminal velocity - their terminal velocity is much slower, so the landing is safer. If you scale an object up to double all its dimensions, it...
[]
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[ [], [ "http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/753#Galileo_0416_65" ] ]
3538on
why does a simple app such as iheartradio need access to my photos and call information?
I figured I'd get the app in case I ever wanted to listen to proper radio on my phone but it says it needs access to so many different things. I'd understand needing wifi info, maybe even location info, but why does it need to access my photos and my call info? My photos have nothing to do with them.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3538on/eli5_why_does_a_simple_app_such_as_iheartradio/
{ "a_id": [ "cr0j7mw", "cr0jacm", "cr0lb73", "cr0rb77" ], "score": [ 8, 4, 61, 13 ], "text": [ "Lots of apps ask for access to call info because that allows them to stop playing media when you receive a call. I'm not sure about photos. Does the app have profiles that let yo...
[]
[]
[ [], [], [ "iHeartRadio.com/AndroidPermissions" ], [ "http://help.iheart.com/customer/portal/articles/1669053-iheartradio-permissions-on-android" ] ]
2k2wak
Does passing electricity though water effectively sterilise it?
can you even kill bacteria with electricity?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2k2wak/does_passing_electricity_though_water_effectively/
{ "a_id": [ "clhvk21" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Effectively, yes! So as you should know, one of the major disinfection processes involve chlorine and hypochlorite as disinfectants. Recently, people have been trying to steer away from these expensive processes. Another way to disinfect water is...
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[]
[ [] ]
chvwqx
What were Soviet computers like during the Cold War? Were they clones of Western architectures or completely different?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/chvwqx/what_were_soviet_computers_like_during_the_cold/
{ "a_id": [ "ev129og" ], "score": [ 5 ], "text": [ "Until someone gets to this, answers to similar questions can be found [here]( _URL_1_) and [here](_URL_0_)\n\nedit: the first link answered by u/joshtothemaxx" ] }
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[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2legwa/in_soviet_russia_did_they_make_computers_copying/", "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/56o4h9/how_powerful_were_soviet_computers_what/" ] ]
57slgt
why are apples grown from seed bitter, and only sweet if grown from a graft?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/57slgt/eli5_why_are_apples_grown_from_seed_bitter_and/
{ "a_id": [ "d8ukuli", "d8uq0oi" ], "score": [ 6, 3 ], "text": [ "Apple genetics is really complex. A good fruit has to have exactly the right mix of genes...anything else just results in bad taste. \n\nEvery time you grow a fruit from seed you are getting a totally new mix of genes, and...
[]
[]
[ [], [] ]
2a532s
What would a super nova look like?
If you somehow had a spaceship that could survive the trip and you parked that ship next to a start that was just about to super nova, what would that look like? Does it immediately explode like a bomb, or would the process be slower?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2a532s/what_would_a_super_nova_look_like/
{ "a_id": [ "cirlmp5" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "If you were close to it, it would just be exceedingly bright. I've read that a supernova at the sun's distance would appear brighter than a hydrogen bomb detonating on your eyeball.\n\nIf you were a bit farther away, you'd see a bright flash and ...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.holoscience.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2005/08/SN1987Atimelapse1.jpg" ] ]
1mta4e
When castration (in regards to opera) fell out of vogue, was it universal? Were there some notable holdout states or organizations?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1mta4e/when_castration_in_regards_to_opera_fell_out_of/
{ "a_id": [ "cccfx8n", "cccgg4n" ], "score": [ 22, 4 ], "text": [ "Oh hello there! A flair question! Whee! :)\n\nTheir death was more or less universal in opera, but there's a little that needs unpacking in your question. The first -- the creation of castrati was more or less exclusive to ...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Velluti_(castrato%29)", "http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1jcijt/tuesday_trivia_and_were_rolling_primary_source/cbdak1e", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolo_Grimaldi", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffarelli_(castrato%29)", "http://en.wik...
e0n754
I want to get a gift for a family friend that has a degree in Byzantine studies. Suggestions?
[deleted]
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e0n754/i_want_to_get_a_gift_for_a_family_friend_that_has/
{ "a_id": [ "f8fn9it" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "Do you know what kind of Byzantine things he studies? I'm not sure what he would have already read or not, and there's lots of aspects of Byzantine history (military, literary, political, etc...I had a professor who was an expert on Byzantine gar...
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[ [] ]
43gcf6
When were actors and celebrities first called "stars"? Do we know who coined the phrase?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/43gcf6/when_were_actors_and_celebrities_first_called/
{ "a_id": [ "czi5glh" ], "score": [ 2 ], "text": [ "[Here](_URL_0_) is an example of the term being used to describe a theatre actor in The Gentleman's and London Magazine dated July 1765. I'm not certain this is the first time it was ever used. The phrase is used quite explicitly which, to me, su...
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[ [ "https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F_gRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA424&dq=bright+star+appearing&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=bright%20star%20appearing&f=false" ] ]
1khrps
why do some animals evolve for slow movement (snails, sloths, ect.)?
It seems like fast movement would be an adaptation most animals would have. Granted many faster animals are still nowhere near the fastest on the planet, but those faster animals are adapted to escape from predators.
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1khrps/eli5_why_do_some_animals_evolve_for_slow_movement/
{ "a_id": [ "cbp1u2q", "cbp1v90", "cbp25f4" ], "score": [ 3, 4, 2 ], "text": [ "Well, there are costs to every 'upgrade' to an organism. When you buy a car, a bigger engine and better stereo cost you money. The same is true of animals - better defenses, faster movement, and thing...
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[ [], [], [] ]
rdlbb
How plausible is a laser gun?
I was talking to my friend that's really into physics and he said that if we concentrated enough photons we could make a laser for offensive use. Is he correct, and would we be able to concentrate light like that? Do we have one, any other cool stuff about lasers etc?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rdlbb/how_plausible_is_a_laser_gun/
{ "a_id": [ "c44y5kp", "c44y61b", "c44ycmu" ], "score": [ 3, 3, 11 ], "text": [ "So plausible that [it exists](_URL_0_)! We would just need to make those a little higher power to actually cut through metals and such like factories do.", "Yes. High power lasers can do pretty im...
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[]
[ [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhFuu3GpHDQ&feature=relmfu" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIDAR" ], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_rangefinder", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_cutter", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_guidance", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...
1t5als
how can journalist legally interview wanted criminals without having to disclose their location?
I'm just wondering because i just came across an interview where a Mexican journalist interviews one of Mexico's most wanted. How is this possible?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t5als/how_can_journalist_legally_interview_wanted/
{ "a_id": [ "ce4h6d7", "ce4lgy7" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "They most likely come to an agreement or there is some law. Kind of like how a lawyer can know all of the crimes you've commited but by law cannot tell anyone.", "Well, you're not legally required to report it if you mee...
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[ [], [] ]
47bmzg
With our new ability to measure changes in gravity, could information from within the event horizon of a black hole be communicated by creating gravitational waves within the black hole?
Let's say I have a gun, that when fired creates a (strong) gravitational field. Thus, firings of this gun could (I believe, correct me if I'm wrong) be measured with LIGO. Since a black hole's own gravity can escape it's event horizon (?), could firings of the gun be detected from within it? Could firings of different ...
askscience
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/47bmzg/with_our_new_ability_to_measure_changes_in/
{ "a_id": [ "d0briu3", "d0c01as" ], "score": [ 14, 3 ], "text": [ "Gravitational waves **cannot** escape a black hole.\n\nOn the subject of \"the gravity escaping the black hole\" [read here](_URL_0_)", "I'd just like to point out that the LIGO experiment doesn't measure changes in gra...
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[]
[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/45vidz/z/d00l0do" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimetry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_gradiometry" ] ]
5dovdc
while eating, humming or anything to create a vibration in your head, why do digital clocks create a wave like pattern when looking at them?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5dovdc/eli5while_eating_humming_or_anything_to_create_a/
{ "a_id": [ "da66p5r" ], "score": [ 3 ], "text": [ "The digital displays don't update instantly. There's motion in the display. Just so fast you don't normally see it. But if you're moving your eyes in sync, it shows up. Electric toothbrush does this best." ] }
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[ [] ]
2a0urw
If you are connected to a rope and the rope goes around the world and ends at you and you pull the rope, what happens?
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2a0urw/if_you_are_connected_to_a_rope_and_the_rope_goes/
{ "a_id": [ "ciqgiz2" ], "score": [ 13 ], "text": [ "Okay, so let's throw some numbers at this: We want a good lightweight material like nylon that is stronger than steel.\nWe need to know the total weight of the rope, which is the volume multiplied by the density.\nThe density of Nylon 6,6 is 1.1...
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[ [] ]
369qhi
Are there any known cases where a serial killer has targeted one of the main investigators in their case?
We've all seen it tons of times in TV and in movies, but does it happen in real life? Do serial killers ever try to kill (successfully or not) the detective/investigator/agent/whatever who is pursuing them? I don't just mean sending letters (through the media or otherwise). I mean how it's often portrayed in fictional ...
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/369qhi/are_there_any_known_cases_where_a_serial_killer/
{ "a_id": [ "crc8uv9", "crcgxoj", "crcyagy", "crd0wjj", "crdcvxm", "crjga43" ], "score": [ 325, 101, 2, 32, 4, 16 ], "text": [ "I've read hundreds of books on serial + mass murderers and this one is stumping me. I don't think there are any cases of a rather ...
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[]
[ [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Lara_Bonilla", "http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/26/world/reputed-head-of-the-mafia-is-arrested-in-palermo-chase.html" ], [], [], [ "http://www.popsci.com/article/technology/radio-tecnico-how-zetas-cartel-took-over-mexico-walkie-talkies", "https://...
rrr9p
every time someone brings up a major political issues (war, rising gas prices, housing market, medical costs, etc), people almost always point the finger at the president and blame him for everything. but really, which issues are out of his hands and which can he really take action on?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/rrr9p/eli5_every_time_someone_brings_up_a_major/
{ "a_id": [ "c484ij4" ], "score": [ 9 ], "text": [ " > war\n\nThe president has complete control over the US military. That's assuming you mean \"war\" in the contexts of the recent wars, even though technically they haven't really been wars - war can only be declared by Congress, and it hasn't do...
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[ [] ]
68ekfu
how can everybody's internet go through the same fiber optic cable at the same time?
I get that bits of data are transferred through fiber optic cables as pulses of light. How can the bits of a certain person not mix with another's? -------------------------------------- edit: Thanks for the great replies everyone. I can summarize what everyone said as follows: 1- Data are sent as packets of bits, ...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/68ekfu/eli5_how_can_everybodys_internet_go_through_the/
{ "a_id": [ "dgxuu6p", "dgxv7ts", "dgxvkzy", "dgy4cbu", "dgy8f5j" ], "score": [ 3, 36, 73, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Modern fiber cables can contain up to a thousand fibers in a single cable. And often times we have many cables packed together into a larger cable, though t...
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[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.fiberopticshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Principle-of-Optical-Multiplexing-and-DeMultiplexing-e1425455574859.png" ], [] ]
803rsi
how does vsync prevent screen tearing?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/803rsi/eli5_how_does_vsync_prevent_screen_tearing/
{ "a_id": [ "dusrc3w", "dusrfvk" ], "score": [ 2, 11 ], "text": [ "Vsync is basically vertical synchronization. When ever you play a game without vsync and move your mouse, you can see tearing where there is a lot of movement because your computer screen displays the image in in horizontal...
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[ [ "https://youtu.be/3BJU2drrtCM" ], [] ]
1fbo8g
how is it theoretically possible in the future to clone mammoths?
I was looking at this here [thread](_URL_0_) and there was a comment saying something about cloning it being possible. I was hoping to get a basic idea as to why this is the case. Wasn't sure if I should've posted it on /r/askscience as it would have been a more complex answer that my little brain might not be able to ...
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1fbo8g/eli5_how_is_it_theoretically_possible_in_the/
{ "a_id": [ "ca8p3bj", "ca8p7oy" ], "score": [ 5, 2 ], "text": [ "I'm not a scientist, but I can parrot Terry Pratchett's \"Science of Discworld\".\n\nThe idea is that a mammal's genome is like an incomplete recipy. It tells you what to put together to make the cake mix. But it already ass...
[]
[ "http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/1fa9hb/mammoth_blood/" ]
[ [], [] ]
8atuhw
why are there so many blondes in sweden?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8atuhw/eli5_why_are_there_so_many_blondes_in_sweden/
{ "a_id": [ "dx1gyyp" ], "score": [ 18 ], "text": [ "Having less melanin allows your body to take in more sunlight which can be used to create vitamin D which the human body needs. In warm places like Africa sunlight is abundant and you are far more likely to get skin cancer from exposure to sunli...
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[ [] ]
2kukm9
What was the first instance of photographic evidence being used in court?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2kukm9/what_was_the_first_instance_of_photographic/
{ "a_id": [ "clp761m" ], "score": [ 28 ], "text": [ "This may not be the earliest but it's definitely an early example. The case is *Marcy vs. Barnes* in the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 82 Mass. 161, October 1860. It's basically a case where one of the parties claimed that his signature on a p...
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[ [] ]
4mpbd0
how do animals (with bullying type personality) instinctively change their personality to protect their puppies, cubs, etc when they become parents?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4mpbd0/eli5how_do_animals_with_bullying_type_personality/
{ "a_id": [ "d3x8itl", "d3x9366", "d3x97z6" ], "score": [ 2, 5, 5 ], "text": [ "What exactly do you mean by an animal with a bullying personality type? Do you have any examples?\n\nBut generally speaking you don't have to do anything to trigger the maternal instinct, that's what ma...
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[ [], [], [] ]
louv2
At the atomic level, what determines the qualities of different metals?
It's clear enough that the ability to form metallic bonds is responsible for the properties of metals vs nonmetals. Further it seems pretty clear that electronegativity/atomic radius determines that ability. But what makes, for instance, iron harder than copper? Why can I bend a lead bar with my bare hands but an iron ...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/louv2/at_the_atomic_level_what_determines_the_qualities/
{ "a_id": [ "c2ueyfs", "c2ui0ls", "c2ueyfs", "c2ui0ls" ], "score": [ 5, 3, 5, 3 ], "text": [ "The property of lead you're describing is due to its ductility and malleability (malleable being somewhat loosely defined). Hardness is also related to these two, per its normal d...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislocation", "http://i.imgur.com/a3fgM.gif", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" ], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dislocation", "http://i.imgur.com/a3fgM.gif", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" ], [] ]
4jkhvm
What were insults like during battles in medieval Europe?
How much shittalking was done, if any, on the battlefield?
AskHistorians
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4jkhvm/what_were_insults_like_during_battles_in_medieval/
{ "a_id": [ "d37gvmr" ], "score": [ 27 ], "text": [ "An interesting example of this can be found in the 1424 Battle of Verneuil, between the Duke of Bedford (with largely English and Norman forces, I believe) and forces of the Dauphin Charles, including, Spaniards, Lombard Cavalry and, notably, Sc...
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[ [] ]
kd6zu
Can someone explain the concepts of opioids and narcotics and their use in pain management?
I've been prescribed medications of various types in my life. Sometimes these are opioids, sometimes these are narcotics, sometimes they are both, sometimes they are neither. Can someone explain the concepts behind opioids and narcotics, and how they are related or excluded from one another? How is an opioid non-narco...
askscience
http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/kd6zu/can_someone_explain_the_concepts_of_opioids_and/
{ "a_id": [ "c2jbw22", "c2jc80r", "c2je5cu", "c2jbw22", "c2jc80r", "c2je5cu" ], "score": [ 6, 2, 4, 6, 2, 4 ], "text": [ "In a nutshell, [opiates/opioids](_URL_1_) are any drugs that act on/bind to [opioid receptors](_URL_2_). Opioid receptors are protein mo...
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[]
[ [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioids", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor" ], [], [], [ "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioids", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_receptor" ], []...
216ymd
Why do we call the German Empire during the Inter-war period the Weimar Republic?
To my understanding it was still self identified as the Deutsches Reich within Germany. Wouldn't it be appropriate to call it the German Empire, or the German Republic? Is there some purposeful attempt to separate the Weimar Republic from the Empire so as to distance it from Nazi run Germany?
AskHistorians
http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/216ymd/why_do_we_call_the_german_empire_during_the/
{ "a_id": [ "cga7f03", "cgafp2c", "cgagm7f", "cgahail" ], "score": [ 11, 7, 4, 10 ], "text": [ "It was still officially referred to as Germany or the German state/realm by people in high office, no one to my knowledge called it Wiemar. It got that name because in the immedi...
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[ [], [], [], [] ]
3h4nia
if you move can you take your homing pigeons with you, or do they always return to your old house?
explainlikeimfive
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3h4nia/eli5_if_you_move_can_you_take_your_homing_pigeons/
{ "a_id": [ "cu46cwx" ], "score": [ 25 ], "text": [ "If you don't let your homing pigeons out, they eventually identify where they currently are as their 'home'." ] }
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[ [] ]
3vbl7m
with apple making everything proprietary anyway, wouldn't they profit from adding a smaller headphone port, and sell proprietary headphones?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vbl7m/eli5_with_apple_making_everything_proprietary/
{ "a_id": [ "cxm17v9", "cxm18zo" ], "score": [ 2, 2 ], "text": [ "Sure. Except they already have that with the lighting connector. Why should they invent a second thing that does the exact same function as a thing they have already invented. Headphone makers can simply add a lighting co...
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[ [], [] ]
5jmyu5
why do we hate killers and thieves but we love killing and stealing in videogames?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5jmyu5/eli5_why_do_we_hate_killers_and_thieves_but_we/
{ "a_id": [ "dbhee9i", "dbhelp8", "dbhhz1s", "dbhi56y", "dbhnzhq" ], "score": [ 27, 2, 12, 2, 3 ], "text": [ "Bad things are more fun when we do them than when other people do them. And in a videogame, these actions are victimless so it removes the moral issues whic...
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[ [], [], [], [], [] ]
784tpp
why are benzos the go-to for a lot of mental issues?
I've heard (forgive me if I'm wrong) that for many mental conditions a paramedic, ambulance, or hospital may be called for, benzodiazepines (and benzothiazepine?) are one of the main methods of treatment. Why is this the case? I'd assume given how complex the human brain is that anything which can shut down so many pr...
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/784tpp/eli5why_are_benzos_the_goto_for_a_lot_of_mental/
{ "a_id": [ "dor3kf2", "dor5qpc", "dor6o9b" ], "score": [ 14, 5, 2 ], "text": [ "They're a tranquilizer. So in any case where there's too much brain activity, or a patient is too agitated, you give them benzo. Quick fix for seizures, panic attacks, anxiety, etc. It's like turning d...
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[ [], [], [] ]
8tl78k
how come a wi-fi repeater uses the same channel as the router?
How does a WiFi repeater uses the same channel (same frequency, to my understanding) as the source of it's signal (the router, probably), especially in cases where both the repeater transmitter and the router transimitter are both in reception range? Wouldn't it cause interferences?
explainlikeimfive
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8tl78k/eli5_how_come_a_wifi_repeater_uses_the_same/
{ "a_id": [ "e18cwxm", "e18d0ut", "e18f0ls" ], "score": [ 2, 2, 2 ], "text": [ "A WiFi repeater does exactly what it says in the name, it repeats. A repeater listens to every message and then rebroadcasts the exact same message with the exact same parameters. It has no smarts to ...
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[ [], [], [] ]