q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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an2s49 | what are the differences between an exempt and non exempt salary employee? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/an2s49/eli5_what_are_the_differences_between_an_exempt/ | {
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"Exempt employees are \"exempt\" from overtime pay. That means you are not required to be paid overtime, ever. Exempt employees are generally white collar workers in management or professional (usually educated) positions and almost always paid o... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
zz7l2 | Why Do We Experience such events when traveling near the speed of light? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/zz7l2/why_do_we_experience_such_events_when_traveling/ | {
"a_id": [
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"There are several effects at work here. Your field of vision becomes narrowed due to [relativistic aberration](_URL_1_). When travelling a significant fraction of c, the speed of light, the light you emit & recieve is biased towards the directi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Doppler_effect",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_aberration",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction"
]
] | ||
70s5om | What would happen if only your arm and nothing else was exposed to a vacuum? | Let's assume you had a vacuum chamber with a hole somewhere in the wall you put your arm through which sealed it perfectly | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/70s5om/what_would_happen_if_only_your_arm_and_nothing/ | {
"a_id": [
"dn5tpiv",
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"text": [
"You'd be ok. As opposed to popular belief the human body does not explode in a vacuum, blood does not boil. The question implies you're still breathing in a pressurized environment so you don't have to worry about asphyxia... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.menshealth.com/fitness/bigger-biceps"
],
[]
] | |
enbf50 | how do the membranes on tide pods (and the like) dissolve in water but not because of the liquid inside? | Tide pods and other laundry pods, popping boba, bath oil beads, etc... When they sit in water for a bit, the membrane dissolves and the liquid inside is released. How come that liquid inside doesn’t dissolve the membrane first? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/enbf50/eli5_how_do_the_membranes_on_tide_pods_and_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"fdxjduf"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"The membrane is made from something that is only water soluble, so the liquid inside, not being water, doesn't dissolve the membrane."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7evhg3 | How in the world could a particle have a 1/2 spin value? | “All particles have a property called spin, having to do with what the particle looks like from different directions. One can illustrate this with the pack of playing cards. Consider first the Ace of Spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees. It is therefore said to h... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7evhg3/how_in_the_world_could_a_particle_have_a_12_spin/ | {
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"dq7zwpo",
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40,
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"text": [
"There probably isn't a good way to answer this \"conceptually\", but mathematically, the rotation operator for some angle Θ goes like exp[iΘ/2] for a spin-1/2 particle with zero ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1kgxzc | if i put a 1 gallon jug of water on my chest, it feels heavy, but when i swim at the bottom of a pool, i don't feel crushed. why? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kgxzc/eli5if_i_put_a_1_gallon_jug_of_water_on_my_chest/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbotf5r"
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"text": [
"Cause when you're at the bottom of a pool, the weight of the water is pressing on you uniformly, from all directions.\n\n(You *do* feel it on your eardrums, however.)"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1c2ljt | I am a German Officer in a 1945 British POW camp. What is my life like? | What do I do, what do I eat, how am I treated by the British guards? Do I have entertainment? Am I put to work, and is being put to work a violation of international treaties?
Lets assume I am not going to be tried for any war crimes, I'm just your average major. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1c2ljt/i_am_a_german_officer_in_a_1945_british_pow_camp/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9cm5te"
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"score": [
3
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"text": [
"For one thing, as seen in *Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing, and Dying* by Sonke Neitzel and Harald Welzer, you were probably at some point put in a room filled with secret microphones and given someone to talk to, either a fellow prisoner or a Bri... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
7isrua | Was Hitler completely responsible for the Final Solution? | Since the Nazi administration revolved around Hitler's deputies acting based on their interpretation of the "Fuhrer's Will", did his deputies (e.g. Himmler and Heydrich) persecute the Jews more than what Hitler had in mind?
Furthermore, were there instances of mass persecution/extermination during the implementation o... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7isrua/was_hitler_completely_responsible_for_the_final/ | {
"a_id": [
"dr16dpm"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Hi there,\n\nNot to preclude further discussion, but you may be interested in the following answers regarding Hitler's involvement in the Holocaust, largely by /u/commiespaceinvader:\n\n- [\"What is the concensus on the \"Weak Dictator\" theory o... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1edlrq/how_unreliable_was_david_irving_as_a_historian/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/60mb24/to_what_extent_do_you_guys_think_hitler_was/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4fcte0/what_is_the_concensus_on_the_weak_dic... | |
18kfcm | why are cuban cigars such a big deal? why are they illegal? | Are they just really good or something? What makes them good???? Why are they so valuable?
Edit: Thanks for taking the time to answer. To all you who guffawed like "OMG, YOU DON'T KNOW THIS?" fuck you. You're not helpful at all. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/18kfcm/eli5_why_are_cuban_cigars_such_a_big_deal_why_are/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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[],
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"http://www.padron.com/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Pages/Programs.aspx"
],
[]
] | |
5rcn3w | As you approach the speed of light, does the CMB in front of you get blueshifted? | And similarly redshifted behind you? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5rcn3w/as_you_approach_the_speed_of_light_does_the_cmb/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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9
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"text": [
"Approach the speed of light relative to what? Depending on the direction you are traveling / looking you will see either red or blue shifts yes.\n\nMost interestingly, there is a frame of reference (locally) in which the C... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background#CMBR_dipole_anisotropy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin_limit"
]
] | |
62k0ti | Accurate books on Pirates and Sailing? | Hello Historians,
I am currently researching for a novel which will involve pirates (i.e. Golden Age, 17-18th Century) and a good deal of sailing. I want to be as "true" as possible when writing about my characters and the realities of their lives.
So in light of this, I'm looking for book recommendations to help me ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/62k0ti/accurate_books_on_pirates_and_sailing/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfn8xy7"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"From my user profile: \n\n* N.A.M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain, 660-1649: The first volume of Rodger's multi-volume naval history of Britain, this book covers seapower from the earliest days of \"England\" until t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
33pexe | law of large numbers | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33pexe/eli5_law_of_large_numbers/ | {
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"text": [
"It is pretty simple. The average of whatever experiment you are doing (flipping coin/rolling dice) should approach the expected value the more times you repeat the experiment.\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2h083u | If wood does not conduct electricity, why are trees struck by lightning so often? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2h083u/if_wood_does_not_conduct_electricity_why_are/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"To give a short answer, pretty much anything can conduct electricity if you put a high enough voltage difference between the two ends. Their shape (long and pointy) makes them an easy point for electricity to go from cloud ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1w411l | why is it harder to breathe when it's cold outside? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1w411l/eli5_why_is_it_harder_to_breathe_when_its_cold/ | {
"a_id": [
"ceyhkke"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The cold air makes the bronchi constrict because its not use to it and and not let as much air go through to the bronchioles \n\nafter getting use to the cold you bronchi will relax and you will breath easy \n_URL_0_ this picture will aid what im... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/respiratory_system.php#a"
]
] | ||
g3bty | Is density of energy flow the current best measurement of complexity in a system? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/g3bty/is_density_of_energy_flow_the_current_best/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"You're going to have to be more specific with your terminology.",
"You will have to define complexity. If you're referring to the set of rules required to produce the system, then you'll want to take a look at [Kolmogor... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov_complexity"
]
] | ||
484ov0 | why do cereals and yogurts have a list of the colors used on the packaging? | I mean it can't possibly be helping anyone, I couldn't imagine any regulation that enforces this, plus nearly no food items use this, only a few random ones. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/484ov0/eli5_why_do_cereals_and_yogurts_have_a_list_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0h50h2"
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"text": [
"**Edit:** I'm assuming that OP is talking about the dots printed on packaging (where there's one dot for every color used in the printing process) and not about the list of artificial colors in the ingredients.\n\n > nearly no food items use th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
p2yrt | How bad is reading on a moving vehicle for your eyes? | I always heard that it was bad for your eyes because the book will keep moving back and forth which would affect the muscles in your eyes somehow but is that true? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/p2yrt/how_bad_is_reading_on_a_moving_vehicle_for_your/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3m2iqj"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Reading in a vehicle is not \"bad\" for your eyes. When reading, your eyes are constantly moving in order to bring into focus different areas of text, regardless of wether the object is perfectly fixed or not. You're obviously more likely to g... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6orwau | Medieval combat strategy in the TV show 'Game Of Thrones' [Season 6 spoilers] | During what is dubbed the battle of the bastards in season 6 episode 9, John Snow is in battle with the Boltons. Outnumbered 2:1 the fight goes about as expected, John Snow's army is surrounded by pike men and are almost defeated until Sansa and the knights of Vale ride in and save the day.
My questions are:
Firstly... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6orwau/medieval_combat_strategy_in_the_tv_show_game_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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5
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"text": [
"Not to discourage further answers, but u/Valkine, u/Iphikrates, and others, already discussed the Battle of the Bastards here.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nHope this helps!",
"I wrote a long analysis of the battle [here](_URL_0_). I st... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4oyr35/how_realistic_was_the_recent_game_of_thrones/?st=J5EKML1O&sh=ef6530cf"
],
[
"http://imgur.com/a/1iOMi"
]
] | |
17x46q | Does any animal posess a sense that humans don't have? How would we know? | Bonus: How do we measure the strength of a sense? The amount that accounts for a larger portion of the brain? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/17x46q/does_any_animal_posess_a_sense_that_humans_dont/ | {
"a_id": [
"c89q7cg"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Just off the top of my head:\n\n* Some birds, fish, and insects (maybe even some humans?) can see in additional ranges of color that most humans cannot: _URL_5_. The basis for this is that they have versions of cone cells (light receptors) that w... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platypus#Electrolocation",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6m0PMcXK6XA",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylthiocarbamide",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor#Diversity",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-nosed_mole",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/w... | |
im7u6 | How do some people continue to accept fringe/pseudo science as accepted science? | This can apply to all fringe sciences but I'll narrow it down to The Electric Universe model as oppose to the current standard model of the universe. I have a feeling it's a hatred of modern science or something like it.
Main example is the reddit user [Freckleears](_URL_0_) who goes as far as not believing in fissio... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/im7u6/how_do_some_people_continue_to_accept/ | {
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"Other subreddits that may help you are /r/neuro or /r/cogsci, where this sort of phenomenon is discussed often. \n\nThere are a number of reasons for the appeal of pseudoscience, or antiscience. One of them is the [Dunning-K... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/user/Freckleears"
] | [
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8T_jwq9ph8k",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect"
],
[]
] | |
43fsfy | why is the cost of groceries still high when the price of gas has fallen back down? | I remember a while back, when gas was absurdly expensive, that reports were stating that grocery prices were high due to an increase in gas prices. I've noticed that over the last few years, as gas has maintained a mostly steady lower price, the cost of groceries hasn't come back down to with it. Was this never a cor... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/43fsfy/eli5_why_is_the_cost_of_groceries_still_high_when/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Fuel isn't the only expense. A huge one is water, and in California in particular, a lack of water for agriculture has resulted in higher prices (either as a result of paying more for water, or having smaller yields with the... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/03/how-a-freak-blizzard-wrecked-texass-dairy-industry.html"
]
] | |
23qftl | do antivirus programs such as avg and norton actually work or am i throwing away my money by purchasing one? | Are modern computer viruses too complicated for these programs? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23qftl/eli5do_antivirus_programs_such_as_avg_and_norton/ | {
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"text": [
"They \"work\" in the same way that a safety net will *probably* save your life. If you happen to fall where there *is* a safety net, and it's designed right, you won't die.\n\nIf s... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.av-comparatives.org/dynamic-tests/"
],
[],
[
"http://www.av-test.org/en/tests/home-user/windows-8/novdec-2013/"
]
] | |
8028sh | Why is the level of Carbon-14 (approximately) constant? | My understanding is that Carbon-14 is converted from Nitrogen-14 in the Atmosphere by Cosmic Rays. It then slowly breaks down by beta-decay back into Nitrogen-14. Also, I've seen it stated numerous places that the level of Carbon-14 is assumed to be fairly constant over time (i.e. the rate of breakdown is equal to th... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8028sh/why_is_the_level_of_carbon14_approximately/ | {
"a_id": [
"duspf3p"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"The assumptions are that cosmic rays hit the Earth at a constant rate, and always have done., and that the N2 in the atmosphere has remained largely constant too. As carbon dating is only useful for 50,000 years or so, we don't need to worry abou... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1amgx7 | I stand accused of witchcraft. How do I beat the rap? | Witch craze Europe or those whacky Salem fellows, either one. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1amgx7/i_stand_accused_of_witchcraft_how_do_i_beat_the/ | {
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"text": [
"I can speak to Salem, not so much to the European witch hunts, though I believe they share traits.\n\nThe interesting thing about witchcraft accusations during this time period is that there was a fund... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/texts/tei/BoySalCombined"
],
[
"archive.org"
],
[
"http://www.heksenwaag.nl/web/en/home/"
]
] | |
fa9154 | How many art/artifacts in museums are the real deal? | Sorry if this is the wrong sub, not sure where else to put it.
I recently visited Museo Soumaya in Mexico City, which made me think: Are all these pieces the real deal? Someone could just destroy the piece easily..
So is everything in a museum a replica, or are there genuine pieces that are displayed inches away fro... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fa9154/how_many_artartifacts_in_museums_are_the_real_deal/ | {
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"It's impossible to answer for every museum, because every museum is different, but typically an art or history museum that focuses on exhibitions will not have *any* replicas or reproductions. Replicas... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://web.rgzm.de/",
"http://museum.doaks.org/Obj23088?sid=493970&x=796766&port=2660"
],
[]
] | |
1ygr46 | I know the Romans had no conception of race, but did they view Black Africans any differently than they did the Persians, Libyans, or Celts? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ygr46/i_know_the_romans_had_no_conception_of_race_but/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfklb0u",
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"score": [
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132
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"text": [
"Can anyone tell me where this concept of the Romans not having an idea of race is coming from? Never heard of this before.",
"You are right in the sense that there was no conception of race as there was when the Atla... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ElAnt/V1N4/thompson.html"
]
] | ||
1mkkl1 | Tuesday Trivia | AskHistorians Fall Potluck: Historical Food and Recipes | [Previous weeks’ Tuesday Trivias.](_URL_0_)
Welcome to the /r/AskHistorians first annual fall potluck! And in our usual style, all the food has to be from before 1993. Napkins, plates and cutlery will be provided. **Please share some interesting historical food and recipes!** Any time, any era, savory or sweet. What ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1mkkl1/tuesday_trivia_askhistorians_fall_potluck/ | {
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"http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/maincourses/r/Uruguayan-Pasta-With-Caruso-Sauce.htm",
"http://books.google.com/books?id=KCbkcXHj7qoC&pg=PA488&lpg=PA488&dq=poularde+adelina+patti+recipe&source=bl&ots=FzArKGMND7&sig=VEPoMlgPvYLmCpMxf6ffzLcb1H8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=O0UmUsf... | |
2cv2yp | why any time i let a device download the updates it wants to, it runs slower and less reliably than before. | Seriously. I'd love to know. I have a Sony Xperia that is turning into a progressively shittier phone every time it downloads something.
Seen the same thing with laptops and PC's though.
Why don't the updates make it better? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2cv2yp/eli5_why_any_time_i_let_a_device_download_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The updates make that one device run better... IF there wasn't any other software that depends on it. \n\nWith most device drivers, auto-updating is ok. Idea... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
aa8wia | - why does a new song sound amazing on multiple plays the first day only to sound oddly bad and repetitive the day after? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aa8wia/eli5_why_does_a_new_song_sound_amazing_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"ecpwvh3"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I feel like this depends on the type of songs you're listening to. What music are we talking about?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
azkyw4 | what does an audio file consist of? | For example, every photo we take with our cameras, are only consist of little pixels.
So lets say, If I just open paint and put 1920x1080 amount of perfectly placed dots, it will be the same as the original 1920x1080 picture. Because that picture is ONLY consist of pixels, nothing more. What I'm saying is it's prob... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/azkyw4/eli5_what_does_an_audio_file_consist_of/ | {
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"Sound is pressure waves. A microphone detects the pressure changes and outputs electrical currents depending on how much the pressure changes. A sound card will detect the voltages that the microphone c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
21980b | wouldn't it be cheaper for insurance companies to cover lasik surgery once, instead of a lifetime supply of contact lenses/eye doctor appointments? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21980b/eli5_wouldnt_it_be_cheaper_for_insurance/ | {
"a_id": [
"cgat5w0",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Lasik or PRK doesn't preclude never needing to see an eye doctor again -- most people will need multiple corrections over their lives, or will simply need to start wearing glasses again.",
"Only if they're sure you'll be... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
8evav0 | why do so many languages, even when some use a completely different alphabet from english, use the same punctuation at the end of their sentences? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8evav0/eli5why_do_so_many_languages_even_when_some_use_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"dxycs5k",
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"score": [
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85,
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"text": [
"¿Está usted seguro de eso?",
"Western influence.\n\nSome languages have independently invented their own versions of various punctuation. For example, there are several different variations of the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2z8shu | how/why do celebs insure parts of their body (i.e . taylor swift's legs for $40 million)? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2z8shu/eli5_howwhy_do_celebs_insure_parts_of_their_body/ | {
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"score": [
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2,
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"text": [
"Taylor Swift believes that her legs are a big part of how she earns her living: people find them attractive and she uses them for dancing. If they were to be damaged or become le... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
5qfgbc | boomerangs | How do they actually work ? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5qfgbc/eli5_boomerangs/ | {
"a_id": [
"dcyuekv",
"dcyunjt"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Oddly enough, they were never originally meant to \"come back\". They were hunting tools, and the returning effect is just a product of improved aerodynamics. \n\nThere are two things happening. The boomerangs shape is simil... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
b2ma7z | Men's Victorian Era Clothing. | I'm trying to study victorian era clothing. I can find tons of information on women's clothing and even visual guides to the different styles and designs. However, I cannot find any reliable about Victorian Men's Clothing. Most of my information says that it didn't change much, but I can't find visual guides or anythi... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b2ma7z/mens_victorian_era_clothing/ | {
"a_id": [
"eiuasuq"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The absolute most helpful book for you is Joan Severa's *Dressed for the Photographer: Ordinary Americans & Fashion, 1840-1900*. It's incredibly detailed, and, of course, lavishly stuffed with copies of historical photos and daguerreotypes. The... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
28n8u0 | if explain like i am five is for complex topics why can i google 90% of the answers? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28n8u0/eli5_if_explain_like_i_am_five_is_for_complex/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"First, I'll just say that you have a good point for some of the questions here.\n\nHowever, ELI5 isn't so much about topics that you can't find an answer on Google as it is about topics that you can't f... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4fkwzi | Was there ever such a thing as an professional group of secret agents for rulers? | With secret agents I mean spies and professional assassins. I distinctly remember that the persian king (or his evil advisor) in the prince of persia movie had control over an entire school of trained killers.
Is that just a hollywood trope or does it have some truth to it? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4fkwzi/was_there_ever_such_a_thing_as_an_professional/ | {
"a_id": [
"d29ycjp"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Are you talking about a secrect police force or some form of guardian force that remains anonymous? I've watched a lot of novices with secrect agencies and they vary heavily between movies."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4kpiwr | When did large penises become desirable? (Considering Greek/Renaissance art often depicted small penises as being aesthetically pleasing) [NSFW] | Hi,
So I recently came across some articles which claimed that smaller penises were seen as more culturally superior and noble, especially seen in Greek statues (e.g. Michelangelo's Statue of David), and in renaissance art.
I'm really curious as to why this opinion died out. Could it have something to do with the l... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4kpiwr/when_did_large_penises_become_desirable/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3h1lw9"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Congratulations, OP. Thanks to you, I now have 'large penis' all over my search history.\n\nYour articles are correct, as far as they go. Certainly, in classical Greek and Rome, abnormally large penises were seen as crude, barbaric, and/or amu... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=656",
"http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/priap/priapeia.htm",
"https://books.google.com/books?id=DatW--n7CfoC&pg=PT42&lpg=PT42&dq=macrophallic+black&source=bl&ots=7UKMUvahU8&sig=84OymRf7ktMyakA3y_hYkHaR6-Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0a... | |
1idyq3 | american pragmatism | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1idyq3/eli5_american_pragmatism/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb3jhqq"
],
"score": [
3
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"text": [
"I'm going to assume you mean the *philosophical school* of pragmatism, which originated in America, and not the watered-down idea of \"pragmatism\" which is used to mean \"willing to get along with others\".\n\nAround the beginning of the 1800s, ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3d0zxk | Does the human eye see in pixels? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3d0zxk/does_the_human_eye_see_in_pixels/ | {
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"ct0t84g",
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"ct14igj",
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"score": [
2042,
61,
22,
14,
2,
8,
7,
7,
2,
6,
... | [] | [] | [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_neuron",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_horizontal_cell",
"http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~david/courses/perception/lecturenotes/retina/retina-slides/Slide21.jpg",
"http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F58.jpg",
"http://book.bionumbers.... | ||
88tvca | how does the planet recover from radioactive containment? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/88tvca/eli5how_does_the_planet_recover_from_radioactive/ | {
"a_id": [
"dwn6o1d",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"containment or contamination?\n\nRadioactivity by default just goes away. it is the result of decomposing unstable particles. They have a half life and basically dwindle into nothing-ness (well given off as energy).\n\nSo it... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2pbqh9 | How come we can focus on stars? | Why is it that no matter how far away two stars are, we can still see them the same way with the same plane of focus? (Not sure how to tag this) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2pbqh9/how_come_we_can_focus_on_stars/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmvihs4",
"cmvlb5j"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Stars are so far away that the light that enters our eyes from them is essentially parallel rays. Such rays will all require the same amount of bending by the lenses of our eyes, regardless of how far away each different so... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field"
]
] | |
18iu5t | can someone please explain "foot pounds of torque" | Tried reading the wikipedia article and just can't wrap my head around it | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/18iu5t/eli5_can_someone_please_explain_foot_pounds_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8f5zll",
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"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"Torque is force applied at some distance from a thing's center of mass. Imagine a wheel balanced horizontally so it can rotate freely. If you give it a shove at its center of mass, the wheel won't turn. Depending on how it's... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
14pvln | What was the cause of the My Lai Massacre? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/14pvln/what_was_the_cause_of_the_my_lai_massacre/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7fcujd"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"This is a very difficult question to answer, but I will try. To really give you a comprehensive answer, we would have to explore everything from the psychology of counterinsurgency on the common soldier to events that happened a mere days before ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2vm3v2 | why is death such a morbid concept to humans, even though it is a biological process for every living thing to die? | All things die. But for humans it is very tragic when other humans die, even though it will eventually happen to everyone. Things like genocide, rape, or cancer are terrible things that can happen to people and should be grieved over. But because everyone will die, wouldn't you think it would be painless for others if ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vm3v2/eli5_why_is_death_such_a_morbid_concept_to_humans/ | {
"a_id": [
"coiw41s",
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"score": [
10,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"The fact of not knowing exactly what is going to happen afterwards, jumping into the unknown can be terrifying to most but others may find it intriguing. If people knew what was going to happen it may ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1w8qh7 | Why are pixels square? | Would the quality of an image improve if pixels were instead triangular or circular? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1w8qh7/why_are_pixels_square/ | {
"a_id": [
"cezt9gy",
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19,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Pixels are typically square or rectangular because we want to be able to reference them in a simple manner using (x,y) coordinates. This divides the plane into a tiny rectangular area for each pixel.\n... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pixel_geometry_01_Pengo.jpg"
],
[
"http://wwwnew.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall00/cs426/papers/smith95b.pdf"
],
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Pixel_geometry_01_Pengo.jpg"
]
] | |
775jbq | The earliest gospel, Mark, ends with the apostles discovering the empty tomb and fleeing in terror. Do we know whether the resurrection was already an overt part of the christian tradition of this time? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/775jbq/the_earliest_gospel_mark_ends_with_the_apostles/ | {
"a_id": [
"dojhh7c",
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"score": [
47,
80,
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"text": [
"The undisputed part of Mark you are referring to does mention a risen Jesus.\n\n\n > ^1 When the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, so that they mi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1sk4ba | what is happening when i "walk off" a minor injury? | I jumped off a ~5 foot wall earlier today and landed awkwardly, twisting my ankle a little bit. It hurt really bad right away, but after walking for 5 minutes I barely felt it at all.
What is happening in those 5 minutes to cause such severe immediate pain to go away very quickly? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1sk4ba/eli5_what_is_happening_when_i_walk_off_a_minor/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdyfuwd",
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"score": [
2,
2
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"text": [
"Relevant article: \n_URL_0_",
"Wow okay lots of speculative answers here. Anyone who actually knows what they're talking about want to chip in?"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://mobile.nytimes.com/blogs/well/2013/07/22/after-a-sprain-dont-just-walk-it-off/"
],
[]
] | |
4lcudj | During internal bleeding where does the blood leak to? | I was always under the impression that blood vessels where more or less packed in surrounded by muscles and organs which wouldn't really leave much room for blood to pool into even if a vessel was ruptured. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4lcudj/during_internal_bleeding_where_does_the_blood/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3mousv"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Instead of being packed tightly together, most of your tissues have a little bit of fluid separating cells, so there's a little space there for blood. In addition, some organs are located within a membrane-bound cavity. Either way, blood will fol... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
281s5m | Why did Robert E. Lee order Pickett's Charge during The Battle of Gettysburg? | I've visited the Gettysburg battlefield and also seen that superlong movie Gettysburg, but I still can't understand why. Most historians seem to agree that Lee was an amazing general, so why did he make such a big blunder at Gettysburg? What inspired his confidence on the third day to make such a daring (and in retrosp... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/281s5m/why_did_robert_e_lee_order_picketts_charge_during/ | {
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"ci6jb6p",
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"score": [
73,
16,
16,
2
],
"text": [
"While Lee was a good general, I would not descibe him as amazing. In all his battles, he lost a higher percentage of his own forces than he managed to cause the enemy, making hi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Pickett's-Charge.png"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Gettysburg-Invasion-Allen-C-Guelzo/dp/0307594084"
]
] | |
6p8pms | What are my chances of getting heads at least once from two coin flips? | If I have a quarter and I flip it twice, what's the chances that I'll get heads at least one time? I have two 50% chances of getting heads so I should have a 100% statistical chance of getting heads at least one of the times, right?
However even if the coin is completely fair, it's expected that it's possible to get t... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6p8pms/what_are_my_chances_of_getting_heads_at_least/ | {
"a_id": [
"dknnwz5"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"There are 4 outcomes out of two coin flips:\n\n1. heads & heads\n2. heads & tails\n3. tails & heads\n4. tails & tails\n\nThe outcomes which land at least once heads are 1, 2, 3. The probability of that event is, therefore, 3/4.\n\nEquiva... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1zf9y1 | How Different was Isaac Newton from his time? Compared to what was happening at that time, how significant was his work? | Basically I want to understand a little better really how much ahead he was from his time if he was at all. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1zf9y1/how_different_was_isaac_newton_from_his_time/ | {
"a_id": [
"cftlds6"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I'm not sure I can answer the how different was he question for you. Certainly others were interested in similar questions, be they optical, alchemical or astronomical/mechanical. Afterall it was only after prodding by his contemporaries that New... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a4m87s | the difference between a legal and an illegal war. | Yes, I know there are numerous treaties and conventions governing conduct in war but is war itself legal and is there a distinction between a legal and illegal war? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a4m87s/eli5_the_difference_between_a_legal_and_an/ | {
"a_id": [
"ebfooy1",
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"ebg12ge",
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"score": [
17,
1156,
11,
48,
65,
4,
2
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"text": [
"Legal wars have a declaration of war before people start shooting. Most other things that we colloquially ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3sos05 | Since a Muslim cannot enslave another Muslim, most of the Ottoman Janissaries were kept Christian. Why didn't they convert to Islam to win their freedom? | I've been doing some reading on the Ottoman Empire and found this to be an odd historical quandary. From what I read, most of the Janissaries were taught Islamic law and culture but never converted to Islam, presumably so they could stay slaves. Why didn't the Janissaries just convert to Islam (or lie about converting)... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3sos05/since_a_muslim_cannot_enslave_another_muslim_most/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwz620z"
],
"score": [
157
],
"text": [
"I think you have a slight misunderstanding. Muslims can absolutely *have Muslim slaves*. The Mamluks for whom the Ottomans' predecessor empire was named started off as, yup, Muslim slaves. The famous \"singing girls\" of the medieval Islamic co... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
putpx | Is there such a thing as genetic memory? | Is there any science behind genetic memory, a la Dune?
Is it possible that "information" is passed to the fetus from the mother during pregnancy?
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/putpx/is_there_such_a_thing_as_genetic_memory/ | {
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"c3sftes",
"c3sg02f",
"c3sgm6f",
"c3sgt5a"
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"score": [
9,
3,
24,
2
],
"text": [
"Epigenetics is the closest thing you'll find.",
"According to my Neuroscience textbook from last semester, there is such a thing as \"Phylogenetic Memory.\" According to the b... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1cdb88 | What is the mesh made of that is used for hernia repair? No medical advise. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1cdb88/what_is_the_mesh_made_of_that_is_used_for_hernia/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9fiso8"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Wikipedia has an article on [inguinal hernia surgery](_URL_0_) with a section on [meshes](_URL_0_#Meshes). Sounds like you may be getting a type of [biomesh](_URL_3_). \n\nThese are still an emerging technology. [Cook Biodesign](_URL_6_) has very... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguinal_hernia_surgery",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguinal_hernia_surgery#Meshes",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomesh",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenotransplantation#Potential_future_animal_organ_donors",
"... | ||
rgnxc | A few questions regarding common phenomena on the molecular level. | I've always wondered what happens at the molecular level when something like a burn occurs. My understanding of temperature is that it simply increases the energy of a system so molecules will move more quickly; what aspect of this causes cellular damage? I've also wondered what happens in chemical burns. I've learned ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rgnxc/a_few_questions_regarding_common_phenomena_on_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c45pon7"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
" > what aspect of this causes cellular damage? \n\nHeat causes chemical bonds to break and proteins to denature.\n\n > something is acidic (donates hydrogen) why does this cause burning or damage to human skin?\n\nThe acid can react with various ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6apkpv | why australia is allowed to participate in eurovision? | I just honestly don't understand it, and I myself am Australian! I just don't understand how a non-European nation can participate in something that has Euro in the name. I get that initially it was because of us being the biggest broadcast thing outside the EU, and because it was the 60th anniversary, but from the res... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6apkpv/eli5_why_australia_is_allowed_to_participate_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhgfcz7",
"dhgfypn",
"dhghtdp",
"dhghu5g",
"dhgj63o"
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"score": [
4,
6,
2,
2,
6
],
"text": [
"Regardless of what it is being said I believe it is political. Australia is not the only non-European country in Eurovision, Israel is in Eurovision too but G... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
fe1yae | Should we think of the Japanese Emperor as more akin to the Pope than a Caesar? | I occasionally read about Japanese History and I am admittedly rather clueless on that area. One thing I consistently see, however, is the idea that the Emperor was more a figurehead than a real political force. The Shogun was the real leader. However when I investigate further I by and large read about what sounds lik... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fe1yae/should_we_think_of_the_japanese_emperor_as_more/ | {
"a_id": [
"fjlkbdi"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"**Short answer:**\n\nJapan has a political history with both real and superficial parallels to other polities, but in general analogies are more trouble than they're worth. Treat Japanese political terms and institutions as their own thing and t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6b83a3 | Does charging your phone slower, by connecting it to a pc by usb-a, makes the battery last longer than connecting directly into a outlet? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6b83a3/does_charging_your_phone_slower_by_connecting_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"dhkoqau",
"dhkvcsc",
"dhl1g02"
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"score": [
20,
12,
5
],
"text": [
"The low and slow methods are less stressful on the battery because the heating is related to the square of the power (P=I^(2)*R) and some will overheat until you don't really want to hold it in your h... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
gzt26 | How much do vitamins actually help? My family is very pro vitamin and I feel like they're wasting hundreds a year. | Someone was asking about it in r/answers and it sparked my interest to find some evidence to back all of this up. Thanks r/askscience
_URL_0_ | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gzt26/how_much_do_vitamins_actually_help_my_family_is/ | {
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"score": [
49,
8,
3,
4,
13,
15
],
"text": [
"[some stuff ~~deleted~~ per \"no medical advice\" rule]\n\nYou'll often hear reports of how \"a study found xyz to be beneficial to y... | [] | [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/answers/comments/gzcgp/when_someone_takes_a_vitamin_pill_such_as_oneaday/"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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cw7u6g | how do barcodes work when the same item is sent to different places with different register systems, different prices assigned, etc.? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cw7u6g/eli5_how_do_barcodes_work_when_the_same_item_is/ | {
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"text": [
"The bar code is just another way of writing a number, which is also printed directly below the barcode.\n\nWhat happens is that the manufacturer says \"this bar code number corre... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
c485h8 | do subprime loans hurt credit score? | Would future lenders look with scorn at it?
Would it lower my credit score in the long term?
EDIT: I am yet to take out this loan. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c485h8/eli5_do_subprime_loans_hurt_credit_score/ | {
"a_id": [
"ervgkgw"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Subprime loans are reported by business name. They don't say Loan, subprime 1 of 1. They report the name of the issuer and your payment history, loan amount, and paid off/delinquent/etc."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a6l6wy | How do we know there were giant insects back when the dinosaurs roamed the Earth? | Obviously dinosaurs left bones and sharks left teeth. Insects didn’t leave fossils, so how do we know? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a6l6wy/how_do_we_know_there_were_giant_insects_back_when/ | {
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"text": [
"For one thing, they didn't live at the same time as the dinosaurs, but in the Carboniferous period about 100 million years prior to the appearance of dinosau... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.google.com/amp/s/relay.nationalgeographic.com/proxy/distribution/public/amp/news/2011/08/110808-ancient-insects-bugs-giants-oxygen-animals-science",
"https://askabiologist.asu.edu/explore/prehistoric-insects"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazon_Creek_fossil_beds",
"htt... | |
rn80n | How do trees have flowers if trees existed before flowers did? | This question has been bugging me for a while now. How can there be trees with flowers and ground plants with flowers? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rn80n/how_do_trees_have_flowers_if_trees_existed_before/ | {
"a_id": [
"c475jg2"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"and how can there be birds with wings and insects with wings? "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1uexfr | When did drinks like beer switch to being served almost exclusively cold? | Was it a slow process? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uexfr/when_did_drinks_like_beer_switch_to_being_served/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Hopefully our sub's alcohol expert will stop by, but meanwhile, here's an old post to get you started \n\n[When did cold beer start being commonplace?](_URL_0_)",
"I just want to jump in and say t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1m504p/when_did_cold_beer_start_being_commonplace/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
36g64y | every now and then i'll lay down to go to sleep and my tv (that's off) makes a loud popping sound. what is that? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36g64y/eli5every_now_and_then_ill_lay_down_to_go_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"crdp44k"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Sometimes after watching TV for a while the internal heat makes the outer plastic expand and then it falls back into place as it cools down."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2auxhp | zen buddism | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2auxhp/eli5_zen_buddism/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"A very very long time ago, Buddhism started up in India. As time passed, many people started thinking many differ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/101ZenStories/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/zen/wiki/lineagetexts",
"http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/zen/mumonkan.htm"
]
] | ||
1pystx | why are the poverty guidelines set so low? | I've posted this before, but I only really got one less-than-complete response to it. I figured I'd try again today.
So it's come to my attention that these are the figures one would have to dip under to be considered to be living under the famed "Poverty line":_URL_0_
Yet, currently living right around it, it's quite... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pystx/eli5_why_are_the_poverty_guidelines_set_so_low/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd7fasj"
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"text": [
"The problem is that these guidelines are set using Census data, which is of all Americans, across the entire state.\n\nSo a family of four would absolutely not survive in NY at 23K a year - but if you drop them into Utah, chances are they could m... | [] | [
"http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/12fedreg.shtml"
] | [
[]
] | |
1kb3ke | If I have a mirror and point it at the sun, will the light make it back to the sun? | Or will it just get scattered? I was looking at my reflective windshield protector and begain to ponder. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1kb3ke/if_i_have_a_mirror_and_point_it_at_the_sun_will/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbn85l6",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Yes.^1\n\n^1 There will be a lot of dispersion in the atmosphere, assuming the mirror is in the atmosphere, and so it is unlikely that the reflection would be visible to the naked eye to an observer in space. But likely at ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer%E2%80%93Lambert_law"
]
] | |
1hf4it | How populated with life is an ocean? | I'm not sure if this is the right place to ask this, or even if there is an answer to this question, but after thinking about what it would be like to be stranded in the middle of the ocean I was wondering what the chances would actually be that you would run into life? Is the ocean as populated as a jungle or a desert... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1hf4it/how_populated_with_life_is_an_ocean/ | {
"a_id": [
"catsdhb"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"To specifically answer your question... the chances of you finding life in a random point in the pacific is 100%, provided you have the right tools. \n\nThe ocean is at least as populated as desert or jungle - just not necessarily by macroorganis... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.garlandscience.com/res/pdf/9780815365174_ch01.pdf"
]
] | |
a3dpn8 | how do underwater speakers work? | I’m a swimmer and I’ve never understood how underwater speakers work. I get that sound waves travel at different frequencies in the air than in the water, but how do they get sound to travel the correct way so you can hear music in the water? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a3dpn8/eli5_how_do_underwater_speakers_work/ | {
"a_id": [
"eb5aqee"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
" > I get that sound waves travel at different frequencies in the air than in the water\n\nNot at different frequencies, different speeds. Different frequencies produce different tones in air or the water, so sound can travel at all different fre... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
14plil | Basic question on HVAC | If a server room full of computer equipment uses, for instance, 15KW of electricity, would that mean that there would be 15KW of heat that needs to be removed from the server room?
All the electricity used by the equipment turns to heat in the end, in accordance with the First Law of Thermodynamics, doesn't it? Do ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14plil/basic_question_on_hvac/ | {
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2,
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"text": [
"Everything will eventually turn to heat. Note that just the amount of heat in kW does not describe the situation well, you need to know the temperature it's available at. If the temperature difference w... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
48zhnv | if we americans strive to separate church and state, why are so many polling locations in churches? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48zhnv/eli5_if_we_americans_strive_to_separate_church/ | {
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"text": [
"Why cant they be?\n\nThe separation of church and state just means that there can be know government endorsed religion. It does not mean that politicians can... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
44a9hy | Plasma: how can the same phase of matter seem so eclectic in its behaviour? | Are different types of plasma as uniquely behaved as they seem, or is their apparent broad categorization justified? I don't know if this question is naïve, and I am a layman. Lightning, stellar surfaces, fire, aurora, etc. are all categorized as types of plasma, or at least partially so, but behave and appear quite di... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/44a9hy/plasma_how_can_the_same_phase_of_matter_seem_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"czoor16",
"czou1x3"
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"score": [
11,
4
],
"text": [
"The definition of plasma is straight-forward: it is a gas of charged particles, typically free electrons and positively charged ions. In principle, you can get exotic plasmas (I've heard about electron-positron plasma, and ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
fy45ua | At what point in the digestive journey are gasses produced? And can the gas overtake solids in the tract? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fy45ua/at_what_point_in_the_digestive_journey_are_gasses/ | {
"a_id": [
"fmznxc0",
"fn3psoq"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Gases are formed due to the gut flora breaking down the chyme in your intestines into simpler chemicals, so that they can be absorbed through your intestinal lining.\n\nFor example, you get so gassy if you eat dairy while la... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
43c1ky | Historical Fiction for the Historian? | I love history and historical fiction (among other genres) but I feel many historical fictions not just a fictional plot but a fictional history. Do historians recommend any fictional writers as being truer to the facts? If so what should I pursue and what should I avoid?
| AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/43c1ky/historical_fiction_for_the_historian/ | {
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7,
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"text": [
"I would recommend contemporary novels from the time you're interested in if you're concerned about historical accuracy. Let me be the first to suggest Jane Eyre, Don Quixote, Les M... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
7adt1b | why is it 2017 and with all these crazy technological advancements, a phone call still sounds like you’re dragging your phone through gravel underwater. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7adt1b/eli5_why_is_it_2017_and_with_all_these_crazy/ | {
"a_id": [
"dp94s6e",
"dp94sq0"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Honestly sounds like something is wrong with either her mic or your speaker.\n\nBeckground noise will always be a thing, and your phone can't filter it out without listening to your conversation, which it can't do real time.... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bzn2s7 | How do underwater rivers work? And why do they exist? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/bzn2s7/how_do_underwater_rivers_work_and_why_do_they/ | {
"a_id": [
"eqwmvvb"
],
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],
"text": [
"A river, as we'd conventionally define one, is essentially just a significant amount of water confined within a channel, flowing downhill (i.e. driven by gravity). In particular, if you consider the cross-section of a river, there are two kinds ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFiriyuqoeY"
]
] | ||
o4qx8 | Considering the path of evolution, how long do you think HIV has really been around aside from its discovery in 1986? | Product of evolution which has been around for centuries or man made virus? & #3232;\_ & #3232;
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/o4qx8/considering_the_path_of_evolution_how_long_do_you/ | {
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"text": [
"Molecular clock analyses date the origins of the HIV-1 M group (the largest and most genetically diverse and therefore the most likely candidate for the oldest subtype) somewhere at the beginning of the last century.[[1931 (1915-1945)](_URL_0_)][... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/288/5472/1789.abstract",
"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v455/n7213/full/nature07390.html"
]
] | |
1jclor | Possible to cook an egg on top of the Mt. Everest? | If you google around, most sources will say "no, it's not possible". However, I am not convinced because of my following findings:
* Water boils at [around 71 °C](_URL_2_) at that altitude
* The main proteins of egg white are [Ovalbumin (coagulation: 71.5 °C) and Conalbumin (coagulation: 57.3 °C)](_URL_1_). I don't k... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1jclor/possible_to_cook_an_egg_on_top_of_the_mt_everest/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbdgcvz"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's possible to cook an egg at the top of Mt. Everest.\n\nFirst, I assume you mean \"Is it possible to hard boil an egg...\" because you could obviously fry/bake/cook by any other means and it would be pretty much the same as cooking at sea leve... | [] | [
"http://www.billnye.com/so-hot-you-could-fry-an-egg/",
"http://ps.fass.org/content/60/9/2071.abstract",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point"
] | [
[
"http://blog.khymos.org/2011/04/18/perfect-egg-yolks/",
"http://blog.khymos.org/2009/04/09/towards-the-perfect-soft-boiled-egg/",
"http://www.eatfoo.com/archives/2009/11/corned_pork_belly_hash_egg_yol.php"
]
] | |
9shys5 | Was Saladin jealous of the crusaders? | I was listening to an Islamic history podcast and at one point the speaker claimed that Saladin was frustrated and jealous of how the crusader states were able to amass such a large force after the capture of Jerusalem but the Islamic world barely answered his calls for aid.
Any truth or sources on this? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9shys5/was_saladin_jealous_of_the_crusaders/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8q0s3l"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"It's not entirely wrong, but I wouldn't agree with the framing of it. There's a big caveat here that we can't truly know what Saladin thought or believed. He left very few written documents in his own hands - and none of them are introspective d... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2lfobp | what difference does it make it the universe is slowing down in expansion or accelerating? what does this mean for humanity? | Bill Nye recently said that the universe is accelerating in it's expansion and that was the most important discovery in the last 10 years. Now that we know this, what does this mean to us? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lfobp/eli5_what_difference_does_it_make_it_the_universe/ | {
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"score": [
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Entropy will forever increase, and then nothing.",
"Probably won't mean anything for humanity if we could travel faster than light its a big galaxy loads of planets and resourc... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3zmjr5 | why do diseases spread through pigs and birds more so than other animals? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zmjr5/eli5_why_do_diseases_spread_through_pigs_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cynd6cn"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because of humans relationship with specific mammals and poultry through domestication and even more so now industrialization, the odds of animal pathogens mutating to spread to humans increase greatly.\n\nTl:dr It's a numbers game and we like ch... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
axoo6q | how does nuclear fusion work on the atom-level? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/axoo6q/eli5_how_does_nuclear_fusion_work_on_the_atomlevel/ | {
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3,
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"text": [
"Nuclear fusion is, by definition, on the atomic level. Nuclear fusion is when you smash together 2 light elements to get a heavier element. For example, smashing together 2 hydroge... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark",
"https://www.ptable.com/",
"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9LUVYfjp5A8/VtDgMFeGxKI/AAAAAAAAGX8/eETZFE2DHiQ/s1600/DSC_0001.JPG"
],
[]
] | ||
2pzjvv | why passwords made on websites with requirements (i.e. exactly 8 characters) make a password 'more secure' if it decreases the total amount of possible combinations. | And if it doesn't make it more secure, why do websites still do it?
Edit: Well, that escalated quickly...
Edit 2: Ok, I think I've found some good explanations. Thanks, guys! | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pzjvv/eli5_why_passwords_made_on_websites_with/ | {
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"score": [
69,
48,
287,
12,
3,
43,
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/33470/what-technical-reasons-are-there-to-have-low-maximum-password-lengths"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://xkcd.com/792/",
"http://xkcd.com/936/"
],
[
"http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/08/passwords-under-assaul... | |
b4rn4n | Cicero, Letters to Brutus, i. 16 | I am writing an essay behind the motivations of Julius Caesar's assassination and I have to read through a variety of ancient source documents, but I am having trouble understanding what exactly Brutus is talking about in his letter to Cicero. As in, what exactly was Brutus so mad at Caesar about that would cause the a... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b4rn4n/cicero_letters_to_brutus_i_16/ | {
"a_id": [
"ejbbqkm"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nM. Brutus's letter to Cicero, linked above, is decrying Cicero for supplicating the mercy of Octavian, not Julius Caesar, if that wasn't clear to you.\n\nHis anger at Cicero stems from his belief that this undermined his virtuous purpo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.jstor.org/stable/30072802?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents",
"http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/acans/caesar/CivilWars_Libertas.htm",
"http://www.attalus.org/old/brutus1.html#53",
"http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Brutus*.html#1",
"http://penelope.uch... | |
35548g | if i invest $100 into stocks and they drop, will i owe money? or just lose my $100 | Actually can anybody just explain stocks to me as simple as possible?
I've read about it but clearly it hasn't stuck because it's still very confusing to me, I wouldn't even know where to go to make an investment. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/35548g/eli5if_i_invest_100_into_stocks_and_they_drop/ | {
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"text": [
"You just lose your $100 (or more likely, a portion of it).\n\n > Actually can anybody just explain stocks to me as simple as possible?\n\nBuy low, sell high. The art is in knowin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1wrc71 | If space is a vacuum, how are things able to travel (light, data from satellites, thrusters) without anything to push against or move through? I always thought there needed to be matter for stuff like that to happen | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1wrc71/if_space_is_a_vacuum_how_are_things_able_to/ | {
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"cf4ooxw",
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"score": [
13,
3,
3,
10
],
"text": [
"Newton's first law says that objects in motion retain that motion unless acted upon. No push is required for motion to continue.\n\nIn addition, there is no need to push against... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_field_theory"
]
] | ||
dlsmbv | what does the wattage rating on a light bulb package mean? | For example, I have an LED bulb. Package says it is 60 Watt equivalent. But also energy effecient (9W). And the lamp I am screwing into says maximum of 100 watts. So why would the package even bother saying it is 60 Watt equivalent if the only thing that matters is that it is less than 100W (which it easily is at 9W)? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dlsmbv/elif_what_does_the_wattage_rating_on_a_light_bulb/ | {
"a_id": [
"f4u1mio",
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"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"Aka the light bulb emits an amount of light similar to that a 60-watt incandescent bulb would put out, while only using 9 watts.\n\nThe lamp fixture is only designed to handle loads and the resulting heat from a device consu... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
38b838 | why do animals prefer running water to standing water | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38b838/eli5_why_do_animals_prefer_running_water_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"crtqhjl"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They naturally know that still water is more dangerous than running water. It is more likely to have bacteria, molds, algae, or other things that can kill or make them sick. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1ayymm | What makes one polity a civilization and another a state? | I'm thinking more in terms of Antiquity here, but even as late as the 17th century you see terms like the Swahili *civilization*, as opposed to a specific state -- say, the Sultanate of Oman -- and you still see other states arbitrarily referred to as Empires, like the Aztecs. What determines the historical terminology... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ayymm/what_makes_one_polity_a_civilization_and_another/ | {
"a_id": [
"c922fje",
"c9239hy",
"c92kthc"
],
"score": [
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"A civilization is a group of socially and culturally similar people. A state is a political geographic territory. Some states contain several civilizations (such as the Roman Empire at its height cont... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1ghnve | nutrition labels: what does each category mean, and how does each category affect your health? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ghnve/nutrition_labels_what_does_each_category_mean_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cakj71l"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I am not sure what exactly you want to know, but I will write something!\n\nThe main categories on a nutrition labels are:\n\nEnergy (kcal/kJ)\n\nProtein\n\nCarbohydrates\n\nFats\n\n\n**Energy** is measured in calories (kcal) or joules (kJ). One ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
31fkqr | with tesla being banned in some states what does it mean to go across state lines and buy the car? do you not just order online? | Wouldn't you address still just be from the state its banned in? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31fkqr/eli5_with_tesla_being_banned_in_some_states_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"cq12co0",
"cq12dd4"
],
"score": [
5,
6
],
"text": [
"Tesla is banned from having their own dealerships in those states. Traditionally auto manufacturers are not allowed to own car dealerships.\n\nThe cars themselves are not banned from these states.",
"The cars themselves ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
a6sgrb | Why was the 60 B.C.E consular election so important for Julius Caesar? | He had just been awarded a Triumph by the senate, but they decided to award it after the deadline for announcing one's run for consul so Caesar couldn't run that year. In response he renounced his generalship and triump and ran for consul anyways. Why couldn't he just wait a year? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a6sgrb/why_was_the_60_bce_consular_election_so_important/ | {
"a_id": [
"ebxomxz"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"This is pretty simple, though someone unfamiliar with the period wouldn't know it.\n\nThere's a prestige reason and a tactical reason. The prestige reason is because of age restrictions in place (certainly since Sulla reformed the government ~82... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1v7k64 | In the pre-war years of the 30's while he was out of government and watching Chamberlain appease Hitler repeatedly, what did Churchill think ought to have been done? | What did he specifically advocate? I know it's a little controversial just how badly Chamberlain bungled things (or didn't), but I'm curious if Churchill called for rearmament or actual military action against Nazi Germany when they seized half of Czechoslovakia, or reoccupied the Rhineland, or even annexed Austria. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1v7k64/in_the_prewar_years_of_the_30s_while_he_was_out/ | {
"a_id": [
"cepimv7",
"cepk47l"
],
"score": [
6,
9
],
"text": [
"Churchill wasn't out of Government, he was still an MP, he sat on the backbench calling for action, while the Conservatives, who hadn't really trusted him since he defected to the Liberal Party, even though he had been the p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
24aaj5 | How did people 500 years ago entertain them self inside of Europe? | With no electronic media and even mass produce books still a novelty, how did the common people and the elite entertain them self in the 16th century? How expensive were plays, how often would a circus pass through a town or village. Did mass produced board games still exist? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/24aaj5/how_did_people_500_years_ago_entertain_them_self/ | {
"a_id": [
"ch54ftv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"hi! more information is welcome; meanwhile, get started on this section of the FAQ*\n\n[What did people do for fun?](_URL_0_)\n\n*see the link on the sidebar or the wiki tab"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/wiki/entertainment#wiki_what_did_people_do_for_fun.3F"
]
] | |
16fl6n | Considering String Theory has hit some bumps, is there an alternative physics theory that could be a step forward to The Theory Of Everything? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/16fl6n/considering_string_theory_has_hit_some_bumps_is/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7vkiio"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Therea are lots of different alternative theories. \n\nJust listing of some alternative approaches:\n\n1. [Grand Unified Theory](_URL_3_)\n1. [Loop quantum gravity](_URL_2_)\n1. [Causal dynamical triangulation](_URL_1_)\n2. [Kaluza–Klein theory](... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluza%E2%80%93Klein_theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_dynamical_triangulation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_quantum_gravity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfluid_vacuum_theory",
... | ||
lvlq7 | Evolution as a bodily response to environmental pressures? | Involuntarily of course.
Is it possible that another pathway for evolution is the response from the body to environmental pressures (aside from random mutation and gene exchange etc.)?
After learning about Hox genes, I began to wonder if the body somehow 'knew' that it was no longer competing as well for resources, o... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/lvlq7/evolution_as_a_bodily_response_to_environmental/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2vz1r2",
"c2vz1r2"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"No, only populations evolve. Individuals adapt, and if they can't, they aren't selected for. There's no evidence for anything that \"increase\" mutation rate in individuals who aren't competing effectively for scarce resourc... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1h3mug | During the Roman empire, who were the most bad ass gladiators that actually won their freedom? Did they have any prior military knowledge and what happens after they were set free? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1h3mug/during_the_roman_empire_who_were_the_most_bad_ass/ | {
"a_id": [
"caqly85",
"caqm946",
"caqnkd7"
],
"score": [
67,
83,
2
],
"text": [
"I was originally drawn into this subject when I watched the TV show Spartacus (which doesn't have historical accuracy as it's focus). From what I could find online, it seems like there were many glad... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator#Combat",
"https://www.uta.edu/ra/real/editprofile.php?pid=1529",
"http://books.google.ca/books?id=_PsRfWWigAoC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=rudiarii+gladiator&source=bl&ots=XvpM1j7G5s&sig=Qz3n_JjpB4tqBoSfHWiE6v2CSIk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eQPLU... |
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