q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1b90ed | Question about evolution and chromosomes. | First i am making this disclaimer. I am not making a political point, disproving evolution, or something about gays/jesus/or any of that garbage. I dont care.
Now on to my question. If evolution takes such a long time for species to change from one to another, why is it that we dont have any major species that exis... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1b90ed/question_about_evolution_and_chromosomes/ | {
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"text": [
"There are lots of plant species that have different numbers of chromosomes within the same 'species'. For example, in sugarcane individuals within a species can have a wide variati... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.wheatbp.net/WheatBP/Documents/DOC_Evolution.php",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806165/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21478875",
"http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/sugarcane"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.... | |
5y0vk2 | how are people with dementia able to have "good days" when they remember people or events that they wouldn't normally recall? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5y0vk2/eli5_how_are_people_with_dementia_able_to_have/ | {
"a_id": [
"demf8sg",
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"score": [
11,
63,
9
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"text": [
"In the case of vascular dementia a lot depends upon bloodflow to the brain. The video below actually explains it like you're five.\n\n_URL_0_",
"\n\n\nYour brain is always getting information from... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PL6Qsh0P6vDZKyjAyUYidyPk2lLBZCD1ul&v=GdkU5vCIpaU"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
b3z1mf | with all the processes that cell phones carry out, how are they completely silent? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b3z1mf/eli5_with_all_the_processes_that_cell_phones/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Noise in electronics is almost exclusively from moving parts. In a computer, this has historically been fans, disc drives and hard drives. Phones typically lack all three of these sources, using passive cooling for componen... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
aql13l | why do some books have deckle (jaged) edges and others are smooth? | *jagged*
I recently took out two books from the library, roughly the same length, same genre and same publishing house. One is deckle and one is not.
I know it's a 'throwback' to printmaking, but I don't see any benefit to it. Is it just a style preference?
I'm also curious how they decide which books are and aren't... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aql13l/eli5_why_do_some_books_have_deckle_jaged_edges/ | {
"a_id": [
"eggqax2",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"\nToday, it's a style choice.\n\nIn ancient times, books were printed in folios by folding the big sheets that came out of the press. These folios were stitched into a binding and sold that way. The e... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1ns2cq | what would "plasma water" be like? | Referencing the [recent super-earth discovery](_URL_0_), I would love to understand the properties, behavior, look and feel of plasma water. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ns2cq/what_would_plasma_water_be_like/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Plasma is a phase of matter.\n\nBasically, it's a highly charged gas. \n\nSo I imagine that \"plasma water\" is water vapour that somehow has a very high electrical charge.",
"Plasma is a 4th state of matter with the pr... | [] | [
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/02/super-earth-water-atmosphere_n_4029411.html"
] | [
[],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCNNqgKqnaQ"
]
] | |
16rkjk | Were "cavemen" "white"? | I know that the Homo genus is thought to have emerged in Africa, and that Homo erectus left Africa and developed in Asia and Europe while Homo sapiens were still developing in Africa. When I see depictions of Neanderthals in the media, they often seem to have more Caucasian than African features, with lighter skin and... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/16rkjk/were_cavemen_white/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7ywhbv"
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"score": [
15
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"text": [
"Neanderthals did evolve light skin. [Some of them even had the gene for red hair.]( _URL_1_) (Edit: [better link for that](_URL_0_) now I'm not on my phone.)\n\nThe earliest Homo sapiens sapiens were dark-skinned, though, and [didn't evolve whit... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/genetics/ancient-dna-and-neanderthals/neanderthal-genes-red-hair-and-more",
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7062415.stm",
"http://www.newscientist.com/mobile/article/dn22308-europeans-did-not-inherit-pale-skins-from-neanderthals.html"
]
] | |
9ffky1 | devs/software engineers, etc. what are you exactly looking for when searching for bugs? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9ffky1/eli5_devssoftware_engineers_etc_what_are_you/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Usually, we have the code organized in such a way that it becomes as easy as possible for us to find the individual parts of the code th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4yr30w | Japan's annexation of Korea and its aftereffects? | As a tennage Korean living in America, I've been curious about this subject for a while now. So exactly what did Japan do to Korea during its annexation, and what are they still doing wrong? I've heard that Japan doesn't educate its students of the wrongs they did, and that they haven't really apologized to Korea. But ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4yr30w/japans_annexation_of_korea_and_its_aftereffects/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
" > what did Japan do to Korea during its annexation\n\nThey took over all of Korea and made it a part of the Japanese empire. During their time in Korea, they:\n\n* built an information network consisting of police and local informants to keep t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://english.hani.co.kr/",
"http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com"
]
] | |
2mgfnu | Are there any historical figures that we know what they sounded like? | I'm of course not talking in terms of people who have been recorded. But are there any reports of the style of speech of say... king Henry VIII, Alexander the great, confucius, or Constantine? Or any historical figure.
What was their voice like? Deep, stuttering, high, always breaking, lisp? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2mgfnu/are_there_any_historical_figures_that_we_know/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm3z5eu"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"One story that comes to mind refers to the Rhode Island Calvinist minister Samuel Hopkins. William Ellery Channing, who later became a key figure in the Unitarian church, recalled this about Hopkins' preaching:\n\n > I understand, that the intere... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://books.google.fm/books?id=54s1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=%22his+delivery+in+the+pulpit%22+%22such+tones%22&source=bl&ots=-jyWEQbhq-&sig=3_ZlBVBtGT_ayYo_fTTmcxXcSBA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AIVoVOndKMfLmAWD2oCoBg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22his%20delivery%20in%20the%20p... | |
219ion | why do bulletproof vests have an expiration date? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/219ion/eli5_why_do_bulletproof_vests_have_an_expiration/ | {
"a_id": [
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3
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"text": [
"Temperature, humidity, and use all affect the ability of the kevlar to do it's job, so manufacturers only warranty them out to a certain period of time.\n\nIf you kept your kevlar in a cool, dry, and dark place for 100 years... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www2.dupont.com/Kevlar/en_US/assets/downloads/KEVLAR_Technical_Guide.pdf"
]
] | ||
48zvuo | how did people back in the day not realize that cigarettes were very unhealthy? | I feel like it's obvious the negative effects it has on your body and how you feel if you smoke. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48zvuo/eli5_how_did_people_back_in_the_day_not_realize/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"People as a whole are very good at self-denia... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/blowing-smoke-vintage-ads-of-doctors-endorsing-tobacco/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
ac60z1 | How likely was it that "heroes" of the past killed as many as books and TV make it seem in battle? | In a lot of historical fiction in TV and Literature, you'll often see a protagonist or hero kill scores of enemies on the battlefield. How accurate was it that in battle these people were so superior to their enemies that they could easily kill a multitude of them?
Or was it more the case that each warrior fighting w... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ac60z1/how_likely_was_it_that_heroes_of_the_past_killed/ | {
"a_id": [
"ed6ktus"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Ehh... sometimes?\n\nFirst of all the thing to realize is that the idea of the warrior as a hero is... controversial in history.\n\nEven the best and most effective of them are more like a political force. The warrior as a hero is much more commo... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
scdyv | Mercury is an ingredient in some skin whiteners. How toxic is exposure to 30 000 ppm of Mercury? | [link](_URL_0_) | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/scdyv/mercury_is_an_ingredient_in_some_skin_whiteners/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"[Here](_URL_0_) is an MSDS I found. This will give you government regulations on skin and vapor exposure. I would assume that 30,000 ppm mercury is extremely dangerous based on the IDLH number. IDLH stands for \"Immediate... | [] | [
"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-05-18/health/ct-met-mercury-skin-creams-20100518_1_skin-lightening-creams-mercury-testing"
] | [
[
"http://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/96252.htm"
],
[]
] | |
45md5c | Mozart was a man during the time of the American Revolution. Beethoven was a boy. Did they or any of the other European Classical or early Romantic composers comment on the birth of the USA? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/45md5c/mozart_was_a_man_during_the_time_of_the_american/ | {
"a_id": [
"czyv6bw"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"I can answer for America being \"commented on\" in music but not in people's personal lives: \n\nAccording to Pierpaolo Polzonetti, there are 13 known Italian operas with references to Revolutionary America, either being set in America or featur... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolò_Piccinni",
"https://books.google.com/books/about/Italian_Opera_in_the_Age_of_the_American.html?id=iRmf8zJGAjUC",
"http://imslp.org/wiki/La_Quakera_spiritosa_(Guglielmi,_Pietro_Alessandro%29)"
]
] | ||
1o4z68 | When have nation-state appeared? | You can often read that medieval peasants didn't care much about their nationality and seen themselves as people of specific village/city rather than country, while aristocracy would communicate with anyone, and religion mattered much more than nationality. Was medieval society really so global? How did it changed? Kin... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1o4z68/when_have_nationstate_appeared/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccouqw5"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"These are very good questions.\n\nMany experts correlate the birth of the nation state as we know it with the Treaties of Westphalia, signed in 1648, which ended a variety of wars in Europe, most importantly the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://alexandergalle.blogspot.com/2012/06/designing-nations-italy-france-and-peru.html"
]
] | |
7w8qas | if they have single stream recycling. why can they not do that with all garbage? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7w8qas/eli5_if_they_have_single_stream_recycling_why_can/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"In a sense, they can. There are plenty of areas which don't collect recyclables separately, but try to recover them from the garbage before it goes to the landfill. The yield from this is much lower than single stream, though--just like single st... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
9ghb5r | what happens if the market crashes on 2020? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9ghb5r/eli5_what_happens_if_the_market_crashes_on_2020/ | {
"a_id": [
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3
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"text": [
"Boy, if anyone had a way to accurately tell you that, then that person would probably not be on Reddit.",
"Having gone through it myself, I can tell you that a lack of preparation and liquidity made... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4rl98v | If all the cars on the road were self driving would there be less accidents? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4rl98v/if_all_the_cars_on_the_road_were_self_driving/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Almost certainly yes. Of course there are a lot of details that need to be considered, but in all likely scenarios the answer is yes. The biggest thing that would cause this is if the cars communicated with each other and wi... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7sfjil | if muscles are built by repairing damaged muscle tissue, could we surgically, or in some way other than a workout damage them and let them recover , leaving us with more muscle mass? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7sfjil/eli5_if_muscles_are_built_by_repairing_damaged/ | {
"a_id": [
"dt4bcdn"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Well, when you involve nanobots and hypothetical technology, all bets are off.\n\n*Currently*, the most cost-effective way to build muscle mass is to hit the gym. Muscles get micro-tears by fully engaging, and they won't fully engage unless there... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
c3yfsq | Holocaust reveal? | I have searched fir the moment when the world, us in particular as Im American, found out about the holocaust. I would imagine it wouls be such a defining moment, but i cant find anything about it. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/c3yfsq/holocaust_reveal/ | {
"a_id": [
"eruflmh"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"u/commiespaceinvader answered a similar question [here](_URL_0_)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9d9wk4/how_much_did_we_know_of_the_persecution_and/e5gbi74/"
]
] | |
5wrsrk | why does aluminum foil spark in the microwave, but doesn't when its used as the container for, say a chicken pot pie? | When I put aluminum foil in the microwave by itself it sparks and makes pretty colors.
On the other hand, when I put a potpie in the microwave and its container is made of aluminum foil it never sparks.
Why does this occur?
Edit2: follow up question- Why does a CD in the microwave react the way it does? Here is a s... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5wrsrk/eli5_why_does_aluminum_foil_spark_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dechmd1",
"dechmis"
],
"score": [
5,
26
],
"text": [
"Rounded vs. pointy sections. Crumpled foil has pointy sections. Same reason lightning rods are sharp. \n\nYou can leave a spoon in the microwave in your tea or food, and probably a fork IF the tines are submerged. Don't try... | [] | [
"https://youtu.be/0JkCIfLE_-M"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
29vcgc | In the 1974 World Cup hosted by West Germany were East Germans and Soviets isolated from the event? | I'm curious to see how the geopolitical environment of West Berlin affected the the demographics of people who came to watch the World Cup in 1974. Was there any paranoia held by travelers? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/29vcgc/in_the_1974_world_cup_hosted_by_west_germany_were/ | {
"a_id": [
"ciovbs8"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Lets have a look at this German source: _URL_1_\n\n- WC '74 lead to one of Stasi's biggest operations. Hundreds of agents were send to West Germany to prevent East German tourists from fleeing.\n\n- 5188 GDR citizens visited the WC '74.\n\n- pri... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www1.wdr.de/fernsehen/information/sport_inside/sendungen/ddr-wm102_v-ARDFotogalerie.jpg",
"http://www.motorvision.de/news/fussball-national-wm-1974-groessten-stasi-operationen-ausserhalb-ddr-167028.html",
"https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fball-Weltmeisterschaft_1974"
]
] | |
p5qtd | Is there any other material that gets its color from Rayleigh scattering, like the sky does? | So I know that the sky is blue because air scatters shorter wavelengths away more than it does longer wavelengths, which also explains why the colors left over that we see at sunset/sunrise are long wavelengths (red etc). But if someone asks me why it isn't just that air itself is very slightly blue in the way that wa... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/p5qtd/is_there_any_other_material_that_gets_its_color/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3mqocb",
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"score": [
7,
5
],
"text": [
"Yes. Phase separated glass does this same thing. A glass of composition 0.2 Li2O - 0.8 SiO2 will undergo phase separation if cooled slowly. It forms a droplet phase dispersed in a matrix phase. If you hold the glass in your ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://imgur.com/raqt9"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_color#Blue"
]
] | |
9chjgl | when frying chicken why is it important to dip it in flour before the batter and breading? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9chjgl/eli5_when_frying_chicken_why_is_it_important_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"e5arbrl",
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"score": [
10,
2
],
"text": [
"Batter and breading don’t stick very well to raw chicken. Flour sticks to both so you use it as a in-between layer.",
"I read once that protein sticks to gluten. So chicken (protein), then flour(gluten), then egg(protei... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
zatbd | How did the romans morally justify their wars of conquest? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/zatbd/how_did_the_romans_morally_justify_their_wars_of/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
48,
7,
8,
5,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Broadly speaking, they didn't need to. Your question is assumes that war is morally objectionable. But the \"scourge of war\" as it exi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulce_Et_Decorum_Est",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulce_et_decorum_est_pro_patria_mori"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
9a6lrc | Is it true that the T-34 was built in the United States during WWII as a help to the Soviets, so they could beat the Germans? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9a6lrc/is_it_true_that_the_t34_was_built_in_the_united/ | {
"a_id": [
"e4t4gon"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"The answer to this is \"No\". The T-34 was produced at the following Soviet factories in the following numbers, although as with any Soviet statistics, these are more estimates that absolutes, and there are higher numbers given which likely also... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1a97me | How many species out populate humans? | Obviously plenty of insects and I'm guessing some fish, but which larger animals. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1a97me/how_many_species_out_populate_humans/ | {
"a_id": [
"c8v7t8l",
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"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Not strictly scientific, but a pretty basic answer to your question from NPR: [link](_URL_0_)",
"What's your definition of \"larger?\" Lizards? Small rodents? Or do you mean an animal with similar or larger dimensions t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/11/03/141946751/along-with-humans-who-else-is-in-the-7-billion-club"
],
[]
] | |
mfyjo | what would happen if a person drank 100 cups of coffee in one day, ala futurama? | If you haven't seen the episode, everyone in the country gets a $300 tax rebate. Fry decides to spend his on 100 cups of coffee. By day's end, he basically reaches a sort of enlightenment, everything around him slows down (to him), while he's actually moving faster than the speed of light.
I know that ending wouldn't ... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/mfyjo/what_would_happen_if_a_person_drank_100_cups_of/ | {
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"score": [
4,
2,
5,
3,
4,
2,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"I remember an article with a reader asking if it was possible to ingest a lethal dose of caf... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-11-03/news/27080105_1_caffeine-red-bull-powder"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://articles.nydailynews.com/2010-11-03/news/27080105_1_caffeine-red-bull-powder"
],
[]
] | |
755m4f | why are audio jacks round while charging and other ports are rectangular? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/755m4f/eli5_why_are_audio_jacks_round_while_charging_and/ | {
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"text": [
"Audio jacks and *some* charging ports use so few wires that they were able to use a \"coaxial\" round design. This enables them to be connected in any orientation, and to rotate fr... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1t8b6q | how come when i smoke a cigarette it calms me down even though my heart rate is higher? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1t8b6q/eli5_how_come_when_i_smoke_a_cigarette_it_calms/ | {
"a_id": [
"ce5d2by",
"ce5ejbw"
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"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nA bit more detail than that article. Higher concentrations cause calming effects. Lower concentrations tend to cause a stimulating effect.\n\nThe calming effect is due to it's heightening effect on serotonin and... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090423193946.htm"
],
[]
] | ||
ayuvf5 | Can your bladder and stomach shrink/grow in size depending on the amount of food and liquid you consume? | [deleted] | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ayuvf5/can_your_bladder_and_stomach_shrinkgrow_in_size/ | {
"a_id": [
"ei51arm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Your bladder will stretch. However, it's the stretch that stimulates the urge to urinate, so you can only hold on so long. There is a limit to the stretch.\n\nYour stomach is actually folded on the inside, as you fill it up it unfolds, allowing i... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
5k8q2j | What happened to German leaders once Germany was formed? | Although Prussia was easily the largest and strongest state when Germany formed,were other grand dukes, kings, counts, and so forth, given positions of power once Germany formed? Did they keep their titles? Continue ruling over their lands? Or were they forced to abdicate their lands and positions? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5k8q2j/what_happened_to_german_leaders_once_germany_was/ | {
"a_id": [
"dbm5hd3"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"The long and the short of it was that German rulers and principalities kept their titles and positions after the declaration of the German Empire in 1871. The *Kaiserreich* was a federal system, as seen in [this map](_URL_1_) with the various Ger... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Ac.prussiamap3.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Deutsches_Reich_%281871-1918%29-de.svg"
]
] | |
2y4o1i | how can scientists use galaxies and other systems as lenses to see further in the universe? | Question following this [NYT article] (_URL_0_). | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2y4o1i/eli5how_can_scientists_use_galaxies_and_other/ | {
"a_id": [
"cp66rvv"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"It's a process called gravitational lensing. When an object has mass it warps spacetime. How does it do that? Well pretend the universe is like a 2D bedsheet. If you suspend that bedsheet over a hole in the ground and put a small weight in the mi... | [] | [
"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/06/science/astronomers-observe-supernova-and-find-theyre-watching-reruns.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&smid=fb-nytimes&bicmst=1409232722000&bicmet=1419773522000&smtyp=aut&bicmp=AD&bicmlukp=WT.mc_id"
] | [
[
"http://i.space.com/images/i/000/027/142/wW4/gravitational-lensing-distant-star-forming-galaxies-1920.jpg?1363617207"
]
] | |
71qupu | how do power wires stay the same voltage when so many different homes and companies are drawing power from them? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/71qupu/eli5_how_do_power_wires_stay_the_same_voltage/ | {
"a_id": [
"dncqaat",
"dnd2u31"
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"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"they don't stay same voltage. if you measure it, you'll see the voltage go up and down at a fixed position. if you move you'll also see it varies with wire distance to the distribution node. power companies are always ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
ss3il | +r vs -r, when it comes to cds and dvds. | I will give you karma. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ss3il/eli5_r_vs_r_when_it_comes_to_cds_and_dvds/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4gifl3",
"c4glhi8"
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"score": [
158,
17
],
"text": [
"DVD-R was created by the DVD Forum, the official group behind the DVD standard, in 1997. The hyphen is just a hyphen, not a minus sign, similarly to CD-R.\n\nIn 2002, a group of companies led by Sony decided they could do... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
25okmw | Why does lightning have little electric branches that come off of the main bolt? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/25okmw/why_does_lightning_have_little_electric_branches/ | {
"a_id": [
"chji8x4"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The little branches are not actually coming off of the \"main bolt\". Lightning starts in a two step process. Excess electrons accumulate at the bottom of a cloud. As charge builds in the cloud and a large electric field (~3,000,00 V/m) forms bet... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
84vo4h | what are the concepts of intrinsic value and instrumental value in philosophy? | I've been reading about the dichotomy of the two, and it's been difficult to make sense of it in rather simple terms. What defines and separates the two? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/84vo4h/eli5_what_are_the_concepts_of_intrinsic_value_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"dvsvp9g",
"dvsz3pj"
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"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Intrinsic value is when I value something for itself. Instrumental value is the \"I can use this!\" sort of value. This is a tool that lets me better get what I want, so it's valuable to me.\n\nI value the well-being of thos... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
548fjn | Is an inertial dampener entirely science fiction? Or is there a theoretical way to actually make one? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/548fjn/is_an_inertial_dampener_entirely_science_fiction/ | {
"a_id": [
"d80f36i"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Remember Newton's second (and first) law, F=ma. Changing the inertia (the resistance to acceleration due to a force) of an object is the same as changing its mass, so \"inertia\" and \"mass\" are basically two different words for the same thing.\... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/AppliedPhlebotinum"
]
] | ||
3unisx | why did africa's/australia animals evolve to be so deadly compared to other animals around the world? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3unisx/eli5_why_did_africasaustralia_animals_evolve_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxga3xs"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"In Africa animals had a lot more time to adjust to humans than in other places. They learned eventually to avoid humans.\n\nAustralia used to be full of weird giant animals, but by the time humans made it to Australia they were already master hun... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
crs5j9 | How would doctors handle a prolapsed anus before modern medical intervention? | This isn't a particularly deep question or anything but while driving to get pizza this night of nights my mind happened to wander to the concept of the prolapsed anus. Being a person who studies mainly cultural history, but not at all medical, I have never encountered a prolapsed anus in any historical accounts. So, ... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/crs5j9/how_would_doctors_handle_a_prolapsed_anus_before/ | {
"a_id": [
"ex8webr",
"ex9226d"
],
"score": [
11,
7
],
"text": [
"It is not a modern phenomenon; rectal prolapses can occur in infants who have problems with constipation or diarrhea. Medical history is not my specialty so I don't know the full history of the condition. But because of the... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dfpkv2ff",
"https://i.imgur.com/3RaL3Kd.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin\\)"
],
[
"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41727119",
"https://doi.org/10.1177/1553350617731384",
"www.jstor.org/stable/41727119"
]
] | |
1o2uyu | If the Vikings visited North America before 1492, was there any evidence that any population was wiped out (partially or otherwise) by small pox? | I find it strange that the 1492 colonization could (theoretically) wipe out the continent but the Vikings visitation did not. Did they not make contact with other humans? Did they not carry the virus? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1o2uyu/if_the_vikings_visited_north_america_before_1492/ | {
"a_id": [
"ccobp0v",
"ccomsxy"
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"score": [
27,
6
],
"text": [
"[Smallpox didn't arrive in Iceland until 1241](_URL_5_), some two centuries after the Norse abandoned their North American colonies. In general northerly settlements, like those of the Norse and of the Native Americans and ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ko5h9/did_the_vikings_spread_diseases_to_the_native/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/u39xi/did_the_vikings_in_north_america_ever_pass_along/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1cnk4d/is_there_any_facts_to_back_up_the_cla... | |
l57zy | How dangerous are portable electronic devices to planes? | We've all been through the "turn off your cellphones and laptops" announcements on planes, but how dangerous are they, if at all? I can understand how transmitters like radios or portable televisions could cause interference, but is there a risk from things like iPods or cellphones? Is there anything besides anecdota... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/l57zy/how_dangerous_are_portable_electronic_devices_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2px8jz",
"c2px8jz"
],
"score": [
10,
10
],
"text": [
"Radios and portable televisions are receivers, not emitters, so they can't have any effect.\n\nIpods don't have any antenna, they don't have any influence.\n\nCellphones on the other hand emit signals. However, nowadays, i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
fs376u | Did Prussia win the Franco Prussian war, or did France lose it? | According to The Franco Prussian War: The Prussian Conquest of France by Geoffrey Wawro, or at least from my understanding of it a significant part of the Prussian victory was due to the abysmal showing by the French. From barely having maps of their own territory to declaring a war and waiting for the Prussians to att... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/fs376u/did_prussia_win_the_franco_prussian_war_or_did/ | {
"a_id": [
"fm34ilb"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Tl:Dr; Prussia won, disclaimer: on mobile\n\nTo think that France was some dithering dolt of a Nation is wrong. France was one of, if not the, premier Nations for land wars. \nThey had fought a series of successful campaigns over the last 3 decad... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3q8skl | Why did Islam turn inwards after the Mongol invasion? | I read that the Islamic world turned inwards/became isolationist as a result of the Mongol invasion. Was this reaction peculiar to Islam? Did India and China experience similar developments as a result of Mongol rule? Did the area benefit in any way from from the silk road, did the Mongol rule have any positive aspects... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3q8skl/why_did_islam_turn_inwards_after_the_mongol/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwd6grb"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"I think the characterization of Islam as \"turning inwards\" is an interesting one that has to be understood in context.\n\nIn one sense, the empires of Islamdom after the Mongols were, if anything even more vigorous in their outward conquests. T... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3rz7h9 | why are people upset over red starbucks cup? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3rz7h9/eli5_why_are_people_upset_over_red_starbucks_cup/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwsmnjg"
],
"score": [
38
],
"text": [
"It's part of a larger \"War on Christmas\" argument that get's brought up every year. Over the last several years, companies have done different things to make the holiday season more inclusive for everyone. The big one was getting workers to ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
24eki9 | why do software companies have a day one patch for downloadable software? | Why don't they just update the installer? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/24eki9/eli5_why_do_software_companies_have_a_day_one/ | {
"a_id": [
"ch6chi2"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because the discs were pressed weeks before the software release date, so it would have time to go out to retailers. That means that any disc-based version of the software is necessarily several weeks out of date by the time it gets to you. And t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
49slgk | With the Banach-Tarski paradox, isn't right up left the same as just up? | In this video around 13:40 _URL_0_ Vsauce is talking about points on a circle. He puts a dot at right up left and up but shouldn't those be the same position? He says nothing about the distance of each direction and I'm so confused. If the distance is not fixed, then there should be up, up, up, etc forever since up up ... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/49slgk/with_the_banachtarski_paradox_isnt_right_up_left/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0un9f7",
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],
"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"Just setting aside Banach-Tarski, which is heavy stuff... let's just answer your title.\n\nRotations in 3D are non-abelian, in other words noncommutative.\n\nJust do it yourself physically: take an object (e.g. a book) in fr... | [] | [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s86-Z-CbaHA"
] | [
[],
[
"http://imgur.com/WOeEZR3"
]
] | |
6p49hm | Is it possible to create visible light by the interference of infrared and ultraviolet light? If yes what would we see? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/6p49hm/is_it_possible_to_create_visible_light_by_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkmkwa6"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"Using nonlinear optical crystals and high powered laser systems it is possible to mix frequencies (e.g. sum frequency generation, wave mixing, etc.). This is how lasers can achieve specific frequencies depending on applications."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4vcfw2 | Why can I see reflections on mirages? | Why can I see the reflections of cars and trees on mirages if there is nothing there? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4vcfw2/why_can_i_see_reflections_on_mirages/ | {
"a_id": [
"d5xultw"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Mirages occur because the air just above the ground is hotter than the surrounding air, and therefore it also has a lower index of refraction than the surrounding air. Light rays coming in at a glancing angle are then [totally internally reflecte... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection#/media/File:Mirror_like_effect.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection#/media/File:Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg"
]
] | |
2fq71f | why exactly is benghazi such a big deal? | I understand what happened to the embassy over there and the folks in it and that sucks, what is with all the constant finger pointing? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2fq71f/eli5_why_exactly_is_benghazi_such_a_big_deal/ | {
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"score": [
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4,
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3,
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"text": [
"Because an ambassador (i.e the human representation of America overse... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack#Investigation"
],
[],
[]
] | |
2kzmuf | Who was the first person to be known "Around the World"? | Who was the first person to have international acclaim? To the point where their likeness would be recognized around the globe. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2kzmuf/who_was_the_first_person_to_be_known_around_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"clq46eo"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"If we define \"around the globe\" as every continent except Antarctica and just say that someone living there permanently being able to regocnize it is good enough, Jesus is a good guess. With the first colony in Australia in 1788 there would be ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
eio7a6 | Did the Bubonic Plague have any influence on the art of medieval Europe? Did it leave any legacy? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/eio7a6/did_the_bubonic_plague_have_any_influence_on_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"fctd6gt"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"**Short answer:**\n\nYes.\n\n**Discussion:**\n\nfirst we have to get the dates straight. The \"middle ages\" is a name we give a period, sometimes it's useful, very generally it's from the fall of Rome to the fall of Constantinople; that's the ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
72144o | why are there so few female geniuses? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/72144o/eli5why_are_there_so_few_female_geniuses/ | {
"a_id": [
"dnexhst",
"dnexrj6",
"dney3da"
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"score": [
10,
6,
7
],
"text": [
"I think there are two big factors that contribute to this apparent imbalance:\n\n1. It takes a relatively long time for a scholar to be recognized as a genius - usually in regard to his/hers extraordin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4zjlds | why does it take forever to become 20 and only a short time to be 40? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4zjlds/eli5_why_does_it_take_forever_to_become_20_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"d6wbgpp"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"time perception. At five years old, 1 year is a huge chunk of time (1/5th).Compared to life at 40 one year is 1/40th. A 5th of your life to date is now 8years. As you age, time seems to move faster because you have a larger pool of time to com... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
a7eu8v | why did we agree on rounding up if a value is 5 instead of rounding down? | PS: I would have loved to Name it „Eli10“ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a7eu8v/eli5_why_did_we_agree_on_rounding_up_if_a_value/ | {
"a_id": [
"ec2en3d",
"ec2epgl",
"ec2go6u",
"ec2h3tq"
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"score": [
16,
2,
4,
5
],
"text": [
"Because it splits the gap exactly in half:\n\n & #x200B;\n\n0,1,2,3,4 = Round Down (5 digits)\n\n5,6,7,8,9 = Round Up (5 digits)",
"I think it has something to do with how we ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1vs2et | why are foreign words in japanese written in odd letters? | Inside a string of Japanese letters, every now and then an English word, for example, pops up and is written in this oddly thin and disproportionate font in pretty much every font. Why is this a thing? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vs2et/eli5_why_are_foreign_words_in_japanese_written_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"cev86bz",
"cev8ad3",
"cev8bny",
"cev8pkr"
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"score": [
3,
3,
3,
3
],
"text": [
"it's to make it more obvious that it's a word of foreign origin, so people dont get confused as easily. in some english books where there's occasional usage of other languages, tho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
f2r4bt | Were prisons in the US segregated? And if so, what was the transition period like? | If they were, what kind of issues arose during the desegregation of prisons? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/f2r4bt/were_prisons_in_the_us_segregated_and_if_so_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"fhf5764",
"fhgr1v8"
],
"score": [
379,
15
],
"text": [
"I have an earlier answer that addresses legal versus de facto segregation in California prisons...specifically, [one very famous California prison](_URL_1_). I've highlighted some of the most relevant portions here:\n\n* ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/879w84/has_the_percent_of_incarcerated_people_of_color/dwce9wx/",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Xyp63MaSBs",
"https://imgur.com/a/9GQ2N",
"https://imgur.com/a/F6adc"
],
[]
] | |
6nzbfz | If bloodletting was rubbish, why was it considered as a medical procedure for such a long time? | bloodletting was used from the early Greek civilization up to the 19th century, why didn't someone notice it had no positive effect? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6nzbfz/if_bloodletting_was_rubbish_why_was_it_considered/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkdmxbm",
"dkeara8"
],
"score": [
141,
6
],
"text": [
"I am not a historian, but rather a doctor who runs a podcast about medical history. Hopefully someone with a lot more experience in history of medicine will go into depth on Galen, the four humors, and the birth of scienti... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bedside-rounds/id919579524?mt=2",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07361.x/full",
"http://www.bedside-rounds.org",
"http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/bedside-rounds"
],
[]
] | |
1mhxvv | Trying to help a friend study science and for all my searching, I can't answer this: Why do atoms become isotopes? | I know "they gain or lose neutrons," but why? What has to happen to make that happen? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1mhxvv/trying_to_help_a_friend_study_science_and_for_all/ | {
"a_id": [
"cc9gmf3",
"cc9gugk",
"cc9t86h"
],
"score": [
6,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"What do you mean become isotopes? Any given combinations of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is an isotope.",
"You might want to look up decay tables. It can happen that an unstable nucleus decays ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-14",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_capture"
],
[]
] | |
jrbde | universal healthcare? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jrbde/eli5_universal_healthcare/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2ejdrn",
"c2ejdrn"
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"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"In the UK we have Universal Healthcare. This means that if you get sick, or are in an accident, you are taken to hospital, given all the care you need for as long as you need it, and are let go when you are fit to leave.\n\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
8bphie | Why is voltage and current specified in electrical equipments? | My phone charger, for example, has an output of 1.55A at 5V. My understanding is that Voltage causes current to flow. Current is the rate of flow.
So in the case of my charger, does the voltage here matter? Why is it specified? To calculate power? What if I have another charger that's 1.55A at 10V? What does that mean... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8bphie/why_is_voltage_and_current_specified_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"dx8lkot",
"dx8ltyr",
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3,
6,
2
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"text": [
"Those specifications are most likely there so you know what should be going into and coming out of your device. They might also be a regulatory requirement, but I’m not 100% positive.\n\nThe current out... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
198tgz | why do download speeds waver so much in the beginning, and then stabilize after a while? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/198tgz/why_do_download_speeds_waver_so_much_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It's called \"Windowing\" and load balancing it works like this.\n\nWhen data is transmitted over a network as massive as the Internet it could be passing through a dozen or so different routers with different capabilities about them. There are... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
ypp8p | why do i sometimes get that it feels like its itching inside my hand, foot etc.. | Sometimes its starts to itch on my hand for example, and start to itch on the spot but it doesnt work, I itch over the whole hand, but i doesnt help, Its like **inside** the hand. Happens sometimes to the foot, face, and legs.
EDIT: Sorry for my grammar, im.. 5
EDIT: Scratching. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ypp8p/why_do_i_sometimes_get_that_it_feels_like_its/ | {
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1zet5x | Cleaning out things from my late grandfather's garage my mother found what seems to be an old Japanese flashlight he brought home from WWII. Was wondering if anyone knew a little more about it | [This](_URL_0_) is the flashlight that was found; it was found in a box with post cards and other documents about his ship, so we assume that is from the war. The outer case of the flashlight is made of wood and it had two large batteries (sitting on either side of the flashlight) with Japanese writing. I'm sorry I don... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1zet5x/cleaning_out_things_from_my_late_grandfathers/ | {
"a_id": [
"cft45xx"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"That's a neat photo. This appears to be one of the flashlights Panasonic was marketing during the war under the brand name National. It's likely made of wood because metal was needed for the war effort. [Here's](_URL_0_) a photo of a similar wood... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/HWfmL5l"
] | [
[
"http://panasonic.net/history/museum/product/product02.html"
]
] | |
crlyqp | what is the determining factor between assault with a deadly weapon and attempted murder? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/crlyqp/eli5_what_is_the_determining_factor_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"ex6luei"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"No, the difference is intent. If you intended to kill them then its attempted murder. If you didnt want to kill them but just hurt or scare them, but you used a weapon that is deadly to do that, then its assault with a deadly weapon."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1yjvlf | what is a meshnet? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1yjvlf/eli5_what_is_a_meshnet/ | {
"a_id": [
"cfl5x8y"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Meshnet is a peer to peer internet system. It makes each internet device that is able to transmit and receive data a mini internet server. and by mini internet server I specifically mean setting aside part of its available usage to transmit and p... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
8rlzed | If you charge your phone, or laptop, or anything, does it weight more than if it is dead? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8rlzed/if_you_charge_your_phone_or_laptop_or_anything/ | {
"a_id": [
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45,
2
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"text": [
"Surprisingly yes it does, there’s no extra matter present but there is more energy in a charged battery. Gravity acts on both mass and energy so the laptop or phone will have a greater force exerted upon it resulting in it ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
b7ibvy | Is the ability to recall something from memory effected by how awake you were when you learned it? | If I am studying and it is late at night and I’m tired, when I am fully rested how will my ability to remember what I was learning be effected.
I work shifts and often do study for a few hours between 10pm and 1am. I was wondering if this is a poor way of learning. | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b7ibvy/is_the_ability_to_recall_something_from_memory/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"I’m no expert, but things learned before going to sleep are typically remembered better because they are immune from interference. On the other hand, when you are tired and inattentive to the information then it might not be... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2lckqh | why isn't washington d.c. a state? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lckqh/eli5_why_isnt_washington_dc_a_state/ | {
"a_id": [
"clthyvh",
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"score": [
16,
6
],
"text": [
"DC is not constitutionally permitted to be a state. The whole point of cutting off an area 10 miles square for the capital was so it would not reside within the boundaries of any state.",
"It is not allowed to become on... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2i79gv | what powers pump-jack oil wells? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i79gv/eli5_what_powers_pumpjack_oil_wells/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckzhkpo",
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"score": [
2,
5
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"text": [
"Most of the ones I've seen use an electric motor, but any type of engine would work.",
"1) Electricity (sometimes derived from solar panels)\n2) Natural gas (Methane is the big one)\n3) Propane\n4) Diesel (not very commo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1dk6jf | How did we end up with James VI and I as King of both Scotland and England? | I'm trying to learn about the history of the Scottish Monarchy but I can't get my head around this. All throughout what I'm reading, the Scottish hate the English while the English kings are trying to claim ownership over Scotland. Robert the Bruce dies, his son dies, then the Stewarts come along. Then I get confused. ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1dk6jf/how_did_we_end_up_with_james_vi_and_i_as_king_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9r6t4p",
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"score": [
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4
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"text": [
"James's mother was Queen Mary of the Scots, who had Tudor lineage from Henry VIII's sister, Margaret. When Elizabeth died, James was seen as next in line due to his Tudor heritage. Robert Cecil, the Principal Minister, had m... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/britstyles.htm#1604"
],
[
"http://www.royal.gov.uk/pdf/scottish.pdf"
]
] | |
34m92s | why tesla's new power wall a big deal. | How is Tesla's new battery pack much different from what I can get today? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34m92s/eli5_why_teslas_new_power_wall_a_big_deal/ | {
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"cqw3xfh",
"cqw41jp",
"cqw4b25",
"c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.pv-magazine.de/marktuebersichten/batteriespeicher/produktdaten-2014/",
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],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
... | |
afy7hn | how did old ships pull up their sails without bunching or tangling? | When sailing ships (1400's to 1800's-ish) needed to go faster, they would open or 'drop' their sails to take more wind.
How did they pull them back up when they needed to slow down? What kept the sail itself from just flopping back out or sagging down when they were being pulled back up? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/afy7hn/eli5_how_did_old_ships_pull_up_their_sails/ | {
"a_id": [
"ee25m02",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"Pirate here.\n\nOne part is stowing the sails properly. When you lower a large sail, you fold it back and forth (accordion fold) so that when you haul up the top, it naturally just unfolds in steps with... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
25mzik | If Irish people were discriminated against in Early american history, why didn't they try to pass as English? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/25mzik/if_irish_people_were_discriminated_against_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"chish0g",
"chj44wl"
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"score": [
52,
3
],
"text": [
"Two major reasons. One, the obvious difference between the two- Irish immigrants tended to form tightly knit social communities, partially due to being forced out of/kept away from other communities and partially for their ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
9gmuhg | I've often heard that the Battle of Britain was won by the Hurricane since it was so cheap to produce Britain could outnumber the more advanced German planes. Whilst the Spitfire was mostly used for propaganda as it was the "sexier" aircraft. Is this true? | Obviously RADAR played a big part too but did mass produced British aircraft give Britain air superiority? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9gmuhg/ive_often_heard_that_the_battle_of_britain_was/ | {
"a_id": [
"e65f0na"
],
"score": [
298
],
"text": [
"The Battle of Britain is indeed a major reason for the Spitfire becoming an icon, a battle in which the Spitfire \"plays the mythological role of a magical weapon, the equivalent of [...] Excalibur\" (Stephen Bungay, *Most Dangerous Enemy*). As... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-35697546",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/schoolradio/subjects/history/ww2clips/speeches/churchill_the_few",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/919h5m/what_was_so_revolutionary_about_the_spitfires/"
]
] | |
gkhod | I just realized that one of my eyes is slightly higher than the other. How normal is this? | My right eye is slightly above my left. It's fairly noticeable when I wear glasses; if I align them with my eyes, they're crooked on my face, and if I align them with my nose/ears, one eye sees above the lens while the other sees through it.
I assume there's some degree of asymmetry to every face, but I thought it was... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gkhod/i_just_realized_that_one_of_my_eyes_is_slightly/ | {
"a_id": [
"c1o7f27",
"c1o7tf8",
"c1o8451"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"I'm the same way, by about a centimeter..",
"I seem to remember reading that this is called hyperphoria, although I can't find any solid references at the moment. I looked it up several years ago be... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.imdb.com/media/rm4241133312/nm0249046"
],
[]
] | |
i4jdj | What, in your view, is science? | What makes science different from other disciplines of inquiry (for example, economics, philosophy, or art)? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i4jdj/what_in_your_view_is_science/ | {
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"score": [
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2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_ says\n\n > a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world.\n\nTestab... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Deutsch",
"http://www.ted.com/talks/david_deutsch_a_new_way_to_explain_explanation.html"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper"
]
] | |
3p4b10 | why aren't bananas juicy like other fruits? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3p4b10/eli5_why_arent_bananas_juicy_like_other_fruits/ | {
"a_id": [
"cw2zps3",
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"score": [
15,
6
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"text": [
"Bell peppers aren't juicy fruits. Bananas are extremely juicy. My grandmother's recipe for old bananas with spots was the best way to get the juice out.\n\n1. Put old bananas into a pot.\n\n2. Pour ONLY 1 tablespoon of wate... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2z0jx6 | money in politics | I hear a lot a lot of talk about money in politics, but what does it actually do? The only thing I can see is it buys marketing.
Take medical marijuana. "Big pharma" (pardon the cliche) spends massive amounts of money fighting this but what does it matter? I'm still going to vote how I do no matter how much they s... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2z0jx6/eli5_money_in_politics/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpen8s9",
"cpenbut"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There's a very slim slice of people who haven't already been influenced by what they've heard and could still be influenced by more messaging. However, in a very close race a very thin slice of voters make a very big differ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
yqdtf | Was the Westphalian Order inevitable? | Basically, I'm wondering if the Treaty of Westphalia (or something like it) was a "natural" progression of trends leading up to it, or whether it was more of an idea that was present and Westphalia really got the ball rolling? It's usually presented as the beginning of the modern state in contemporary IR, so I'd love t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/yqdtf/was_the_westphalian_order_inevitable/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5xwyaq",
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"score": [
3,
3
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"text": [
"Inevitable is a strong word, but attempts to establish exclusive territorial dominance do seem to be a strong constant in human existence, and numerous such dominators rubbing up against each other are always seem to produce... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6gz4hd | maslow (1943) hierarchy of needs, specifically aesthetic needs? | Apologies if the flair is wrong. I'm doing a leadership course and the above came up. All the other points made sense. Any explanation online is just waffle. Thanks | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6gz4hd/eli5_maslow_1943_hierarchy_of_needs_specifically/ | {
"a_id": [
"diu7w1f",
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"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"What about them? People get pleasure from apprehending beautiful things. (We know now it's because the brain releases endorphins.) But under Maslow's theory this isn't something you can spend the energy... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
mexs8 | Could it be possible for 'dark matter' to really just be incredibly strong magnetic fields? | I was reading this article (_URL_0_) and started to wonder if perhaps magnetism is responsible for all of the 'extra gravity' we see and base our predictions of dark matter on?
I think this pertains more to non-baryonic matter. not sure. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/mexs8/could_it_be_possible_for_dark_matter_to_really/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
6,
3,
6
],
"text": [
"Granted, I'm no astrophysicist, but I don't think this can be true. 'Dark matter' basically means that there appears to be more mass in, for instance, a galaxy than we can observe... | [] | [
"http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-11-magnetic-fields-stage-birth-stars.html"
] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter#Observational_evidence"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter#Observational_evidence"
]
] | |
66x0i9 | why does china value a land barrier between itself and south korea so highly? | They can't be concerned about something like an invasion, or even it being used as a staging area for such at this point, can they? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66x0i9/eli5_why_does_china_value_a_land_barrier_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"dglwh6q",
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"score": [
6,
2
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"text": [
"The two (edit: 3) key points I've seen in answer to this question, which I assume is related to why does China not want North Korea to fall: \n \n- China does not want millions of NK immigrants pushing over its borders. I... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
bi78l9 | why do people cringe from scraping sounds? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bi78l9/eli5_why_do_people_cringe_from_scraping_sounds/ | {
"a_id": [
"elypzar"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"One theory is that it’s a survival instinct. Big predator with big claws scraping on stone? Cringe....."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7u33wt | Bow Poundage | so if bows used in war had poundage that required training since childhood, what was the poundage of a bow used for hunting, since penetrating the skin of an animal with an arrow is most likely easier than whatever armor soldiers wore | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7u33wt/bow_poundage/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtk3tgj",
"dtkbvhc"
],
"score": [
3,
2
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"text": [
"While you are waiting for a detailed answer, you might find [this answer](_URL_0_) helpful, particularly the concluding comments from u/Hergrim",
"Saxton T. Pope tested a number of bows from around the world and found th... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7m3tol/medieval_bowmaking_what_materials_lengths_and_bow/"
],
[]
] | |
60gvd0 | if judges are just supposed to interpret and uphold the law, how can there be some judges that are 'friendlier' to left or right politically? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/60gvd0/eli5_if_judges_are_just_supposed_to_interpret_and/ | {
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"score": [
5,
67,
5,
2
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"text": [
"You've said it yourself - their job is to *interpret* the law. As such, there is some room for subjectivity and for a judge's particular opinions to influence their judgement.\n\n... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
65lw2a | why did people take photos of wwi and such and how did they do it without killing themselves? were they even real? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/65lw2a/eli5_why_did_people_take_photos_of_wwi_and_such/ | {
"a_id": [
"dgbaha1",
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"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"People took photos of WW1 for the same reason people take photos of the War in Afghanistan today, to chronicle it for news distribution and historical purposes. They were in great danger, and many were likely killed doing it... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29724852",
"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-early-history-of-faking-war-on-film-133838317/"
]
] | ||
1czq5c | Who were the first people to figure out how to eat dangerous foods (like cashews) that animals don't eat, and how and why did they do it? | This kind of topic always comes up among friends and family, and in some subreddits and submissions, so I thought I'd pitch it here. Foods like cashew nuts and almonds (cyanide!) seem fairly dangerous for primitive people to have simply experimented with, and animals don't cook and eat them. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1czq5c/who_were_the_first_people_to_figure_out_how_to/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9li006"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"There's a new sub, /r/AskAnthropology. Might be better for asking this! :)\n\nEdit: Spelling"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
9lsgmn | why have no deer species been successfully domesticated? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9lsgmn/eli5_why_have_no_deer_species_been_successfully/ | {
"a_id": [
"e79416j",
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"score": [
22,
13
],
"text": [
"They have been. They just aren’t as useful as other animals so it’s usually done for niche things. \n\nFarming or raising cattle /animals of any sort is usually not a high margin business and therefore raising such an ine... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
bskdqq | why does inhaling more smoke over time allow you to inhale smoke without coughing? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bskdqq/eli5_why_does_inhaling_more_smoke_over_time_allow/ | {
"a_id": [
"eonwduo"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"The smoke eventually burns away the cilia, small hairs in the throat and bronchial tubes, that help your body know when something isn't supposed to be there. Like smoke."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
49g3us | Is Visuo-spatial intelligence part of Fluid intelligence? | Fluid intelligence is not thoroughly defined. For example, a lot of visual matrices that involve mental rotation are supposed indicator of Fluid intelligence. However if they also measure visual memory and mental rotation, are they not also measuring visuo-spatial intelligence? If so, does that mean Gv is part of Gf? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/49g3us/is_visuospatial_intelligence_part_of_fluid/ | {
"a_id": [
"d0san00"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Notionally, they're separate. But it's impossible to test \"fluid intelligence\" without also testing other abilities as well. Fluid intelligence is *supposed* to be about the ability to identify new patterns, learn new rules, etc., but ones abil... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ar7m2p | what determines if something is soluble in fat or water? | Im reading an introduction to chemistry and I just can't wrap my head around what makes an atom get stored in fatcells or not.
Sorry for poor English. It's not my first language. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ar7m2p/eli5_what_determines_if_something_is_soluble_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"eglbbla",
"eglbjaq"
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"score": [
2,
8
],
"text": [
"It's depends on polarity. The polarity depends on the charges in the molecule and bounds between each atom of the molecule. A solute that is very polar will be hydrophilic (it likes water). A solute that is not polar will be... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
8m06zk | Is there a limit to the wavelength produced during electron excitation? | [deleted] | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8m06zk/is_there_a_limit_to_the_wavelength_produced/ | {
"a_id": [
"dzjsxe5"
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],
"text": [
"If the transition is from a bound state to a lower bound state, then the emitted photon energy is bounded above. If it’s a transition from a continuum state to a bound state, there is no upper limit, but an extremely high-energy electron will be ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
32mbsv | does my cat get frustrated when he is unable to catch the red laser light? | I play with my cat using a laser pointer all the time, but sometimes I feel like he gets frustrated, like a pie in the sky or a hard video game. What does he feel? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/32mbsv/eli5_does_my_cat_get_frustrated_when_he_is_unable/ | {
"a_id": [
"cqck6eo",
"cqcs71s"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Yes, he is frustrated. Laser pointers really aren't good toys for cats. Cats are hunters, and it's very unsatisfying and frustrating for them to \"hunt\" something they can never catch. ",
"I went to school for veterinar... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
dlgir9 | how do anesthetics knock you out within 10 seconds of being injected? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dlgir9/eli5_how_do_anesthetics_knock_you_out_within_10/ | {
"a_id": [
"f4pw15t",
"f4pwnjw",
"f4q0hog",
"f4q7enw",
"f4rq73m",
"f4rrp9y",
"f4sm1n7"
],
"score": [
4,
9,
6,
363,
64,
12,
2
],
"text": [
"I can be wrong, but i read somewhere that nobody knows. We know it is safe, how long it works, how strong it i... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
1fon5a | I know the Holocaust was an extremely terrible thing, but did anything good come out of the experimentations on the Jew's by the Nazi's? | Like were any medical advances discovered through these trials by the evil doctors experimenting? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1fon5a/i_know_the_holocaust_was_an_extremely_terrible/ | {
"a_id": [
"cacb97c"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"I answered this question a while ago, I'll try and dig it up. The conclusion was that it's mixed. Most of the experimentation didn't really use good experimental methodology, and was just a way of torturing people in new ways. The experiments... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/NaziMedEx.html",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1dlaum/as_fucked_up_as_it_was_did_the_nazis_actually/c9re85s"
]
] | |
b40rgq | how do city buses get their route numbers? | This seems to be the question keeping me up tonight. Rather than trying to find it on google - I’m asking here. Is there any method to the madness of bus route numbering? Assuming each city has their own system? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b40rgq/eli5_how_do_city_buses_get_their_route_numbers/ | {
"a_id": [
"ej3j2sg",
"ej3k7fb"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"It's largely arbitrary. Sometimes if a route travels along a numbered road, it might be given that route number. Sometimes a route number may be assigned as a tribute to a similar route on a previous bus/streetcar system,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1eyrx9 | What do we know about late Roman or early medieval birth control/abortion/infanticide? | One thing that doesn't seem up for debate is that there was a massive population drop in Europe in the period between the fall of the western empire and the land clearances of the high middle ages. What does seem up for debate, is why.
So clearly we know the usual tropes, plague, famine, conflict. However I've not... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1eyrx9/what_do_we_know_about_late_roman_or_early/ | {
"a_id": [
"ca575ex",
"ca5e7v3",
"ca5lkvd"
],
"score": [
15,
4,
5
],
"text": [
"Interesting hypothesis. \n\nThe most common way to kill an unwanted infant in the Classical world was *exposure* (see Moses, Oedipus, Romulus and Remus, etc). As for birth control, there were several t... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_abortion#Classical_Rome",
"http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415873598/"
],
[
"http://www.amazon.com/Contraception-Abortion-Ancient-World-Renaissance/dp/0674168763/"
],
[]
] | |
4w6her | how accurate are calories per serving on packaged food? how would you test it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4w6her/eli5_how_accurate_are_calories_per_serving_on/ | {
"a_id": [
"d64elbi",
"d64gp9n",
"d64hnl5",
"d64il5i"
],
"score": [
6,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"You test it by burning the food/ingredients, which tells you how much \"energy\" (aka calories) is in it. \n \nAs for accuracy, that really depends. For labeling purposes, they r... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VG9YG0VviHc"
],
[],
[]
] | ||
1ve7ep | If you eat the same thing everyday, does your body become more efficient at digesting the food? | Or does it become "lazy" and process the foods slower?
For the sake of argument, let's assume it's a healthy diet and not McDonald's three times a day. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1ve7ep/if_you_eat_the_same_thing_everyday_does_your_body/ | {
"a_id": [
"cerowjh"
],
"score": [
23
],
"text": [
"There is a very substantial variation among the microbes present in your GI tract, and some are more efficient at digesting certain things than others. When you maintain a homogenous food intake then whatever gut microbes specialize in that food... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_bacteriotherapy",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soylent_%28food_substitute%29"
]
] |
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