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2f3ibc | Glowing metals from the photoelectric effect? | I've been trying to understand what my textbook is saying about how the photoelectric effect explains the observed glowing of hot metals. I can understand that once photons hitting the metal reach an energy greater than or equal to the work function, the metal emits electrons. My question is: why does this correspond t... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2f3ibc/glowing_metals_from_the_photoelectric_effect/ | {
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"My guess is that the textbook is trying to say that both effects are related to the quantization of light.\n\nThe blackbody catastrophe was averted by quantizing the photon (in other words by postulating that photons are phy... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-body_radiation"
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3yuyn1 | What caused the Kingdom of the Lombards to go from being stable to being conquered in a short span of time? | From what I hear, the Lombards were as Romanized as barbarians could get and had a stable if decentralized system of government. What caused them to go from being fairly powerful to falling to Charlemagne in a short span of time? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3yuyn1/what_caused_the_kingdom_of_the_lombards_to_go/ | {
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"You might be thinking of the Ostrogoths and the first Kingdom of Italy. The Lombards are the gold standard of not having their shit together, but not all of it was their fault. \n\nAlthough the Ostrogoths had been given lands in Pannonia in excha... | [] | [] | [
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2d784w | how do blind people determine their sexual preferences? | How would you know your attraction to a specific gender or feature if you were unable to see? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2d784w/eli5_how_do_blind_people_determine_their_sexual/ | {
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"There's the voice, gendered patterns of behaviour, and the possibly instinctive knowledge that you don't enjoy t... | [] | [] | [
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1rwsxq | How dark/bright is our full moon compared to other moons in the solar system? | If we'd switch our moon with other moons like Titan and Io, would a full moon night be mostly lighter or darker? So is our moon relatively dark or bright compared to the other moons? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1rwsxq/how_darkbright_is_our_full_moon_compared_to_other/ | {
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"Compared to other moons in our solar system, our Luna is much larger than average. [Here](_URL_0_) is a pretty good reference for moon data. Using size as the metric, Titan would be the brightest if it were transplanted to Earth orbit. As to refl... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.windows2universe.org/our_solar_system/moons_table.html"
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4oxc20 | Human languages evolve and change over time. Is there any indication that the same is true of animal languages? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4oxc20/human_languages_evolve_and_change_over_time_is/ | {
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"The only other animal that has been demonstrated to show the ability to vocalize complex and novel concepts vocally is the crow. We don't know anything about the languages (or even if you could call it a language) and dialects of crows, how comp... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
5eyass | how big would all excess co2 be if removed? how hard would it be to remove this stuff? | In terms of American football fields (squared?) or some other landmark, just how large is this carbon dioxide?
Also: how hard would it be to remove this with trees, plankton or... big machines? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5eyass/eli5how_big_would_all_excess_co2_be_if_removed/ | {
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"We add about 33 gigatons of CO2 to the atmoshere a year. \nHistorically since the industrial revolution to 1999 we have added 1010 gigatons of CO2 total.",
"Since CO2 is normally a gas, which can o... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus"
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ymowe | Why does water from a glass jug in the fridge always seem colder than water from a plastic jug in the same fridge? | We keep two jugs in the fridge, one a plastic Brita filter, and one plain glass with a top. We transfer the filtered water to the glass jug when there is room, because no matter how long the two have been in place the water from the glass jug seems colder.
It seems to me if they are in the same fridge, overnight, they... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ymowe/why_does_water_from_a_glass_jug_in_the_fridge/ | {
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"text": [
"Have you done blind taste tests?"
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3d9fbr | "Mini Ice Age" Megathread — Ask your questions here! | We've gotten a lot of questions recently about the news of a mini ice age due to decreased solar activity by 2030. The original press release only mentions the solar cycles though news outlets have been connecting it with a "mini ice age". So, if you have questions on the topic, please post them here!
* Original press... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3d9fbr/mini_ice_age_megathread_ask_your_questions_here/ | {
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"text": [
"Should we really be calling it a \"mini ice-age\"? How much can we expect temperatures to vary? How will climate change come into play?",
"Won't increas... | [] | [
"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150709092955.htm",
"http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/07/13/sunspot_cycles_won_t_cause_a_mini_ice_age_by_2030.html",
"https://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/2680-irregular-heartbeat-of-the-sun-driven-by-double-dynamo"
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[],
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"http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3cr22e/a_recent_study_of_sun_activity... | |
esyu6u | external validity vs internal validity in terms of scientific method | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/esyu6u/eli5_external_validity_vs_internal_validity_in/ | {
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"When you do a experiment, your experiment is usually encompassed but a much larger problem it seeks to address. In other words, you're hoping that your experiment can generalize to a bigger picture. An externally valid experiment does a good job ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4u310y | if omega 3 dha is essential for brain function and i don't have it in diet, how come my brain is still working? | I've been reading lately about Omega 3 DHA and realized that my diet (like diet of most people) practically doesn't have any Omega 3 in it. In last year or two I may have upped my intake of Omega 3 ALA because of flaxseed - but that's it.
Considering research is showing how Omega 3 ALA - > Omega 3 DHA conversion is l... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4u310y/eli5_if_omega_3_dha_is_essential_for_brain/ | {
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"There may be an undiscovered synthetic pathway which supplies enough. As nutritionist learned more about nutrition there has often been a discrepancy between what had recently been learned about necessary nutrition and the o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://veganhealth.org/articles/omega3#n6n3ratio",
"http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/omega3-fatty-acids"
]
] | |
1ccbel | why can't you do a square root of a negative number? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ccbel/eli5_why_cant_you_do_a_square_root_of_a_negative/ | {
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"text": [
"Actually, you can, but the concept is often too advanced to teach when you're first learning about square roots. It helps to have a knowledge of algebra under your belt first.\n\... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://betterexplained.com/articles/a-visual-intuitive-guide-to-imaginary-numbers/"
],
[],
[],
[]
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4xfy3h | what is the difference between engineering and design? | I thought it was all engineering, but apparently technical problem solving is also design. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4xfy3h/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_engineering/ | {
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"text": [
"Engineering is about function, and as such is a subset of design. Aesthetics are also part of design, but don't constitute engineering."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
vm0lv | I know about Koko the Gorilla lying to his handlers and saying his kitten tore the sink off of the wall, but do animals (in the wild or in captivity) ever lie to each other in similar ways? | I'm sure animals have basic deceit (hiding food, etc), but this is would be a more advanced type of thing - lying like this is seen as a marker for childhood development and intelligence. Have there been documented cases of this behavior between two animals, rather than with humans?
EDIT: Also, even other examples of ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/vm0lv/i_know_about_koko_the_gorilla_lying_to_his/ | {
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"Generally, deception, or cheating, may or ma... | [] | [] | [
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],
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"http://books.google.com/books?id=QbWTd85eHUgC&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=vervet+false+alarm+call&source=bl&ots=l95p5t3mQs&sig=Bsee06QmAztlGHXryLOhUD9FcJg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ulfpT8_vKqnd0QHt1eCpDQ&v... | |
dj169q | why is it so easy to see in windows at night but not during the day? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dj169q/eli5why_is_it_so_easy_to_see_in_windows_at_night/ | {
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"text": [
"Light from inside makes it easier to see when its dark outside, this is because of our focus ability in our retnas."
]
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[]
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9n5xwc | how do nuclear explosion tests affect the atmosphere? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9n5xwc/eli5_how_do_nuclear_explosion_tests_affect_the/ | {
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"When a Nuclear Explosion occurs on or near the ground, a massive amount of dust is thrown up into the sky, moreover, this is dust that recently underwent a nuclear explosion. The Dust itself blocks out sunlight, which can lead to a temporary Nuc... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
dazlyx | what makes villain songs sound sinister and evil? why does certain music evoke specific emotions in our mind? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dazlyx/eli5_what_makes_villain_songs_sound_sinister_and/ | {
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174rgx | what is a metabolic rate and how do i find out mine? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/174rgx/eli5_what_is_a_metabolic_rate_and_how_do_i_find/ | {
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"text": [
"The Basal Metabolic Rate is an estimate of the amount of calories you burn in a day when doing 0 activity. It's an estimate based on a number of factors.\n\n_URL_1_\n\nThis calculator helps you get a baseline. There are more accurate calculations... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.bmi-calculator.net/bmr-calculator/harris-benedict-equation/",
"http://www.bmi-calculator.net/bmr-calculator/"
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2s2ted | why are plug points made differently i.e plugs in the us are flat pins while in india they are round pins | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s2ted/eli5_why_are_plug_points_made_differently_ie/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Because the first company to make the plugs made them that way. They sold the plugs and the outlets. If you wanted your device to plug into their outlet, you had to use the shape. If you wanted to market an outlet that can accept the plug... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
bkeoo9 | when your sick with a cold why do symptoms like sneezing and runny nose seem to stop when you're sleeping but start again as soon as you wake up? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bkeoo9/eli5_when_your_sick_with_a_cold_why_do_symptoms/ | {
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"text": [
"Being deeply asleep is a vulnerable time for your airway. It's best for the body not to pump pints of mucus into the throat and mouth as you auto breathe in deep sleep. It makes sense for the body to shut these mechanisms off as you sleep to pro... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
14u7ys | Which planetary body in our solar system would be the best candidate for human colonisation? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14u7ys/which_planetary_body_in_our_solar_system_would_be/ | {
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"Mars would probably be the only planet (some of the moons of the larger planets might be good too).\n\n\nFirst of all, gaseous planets are out of the question so that leaves us with three choices (namel... | [] | [] | [
[],
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming#Prospective_planets"
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5vy702 | why does a car under a carport not accumulate dew in the morning? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5vy702/eli5_why_does_a_car_under_a_carport_not/ | {
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"text": [
"Because the carport protects your car from cooling down quicker than objects around them. The dew or ice builds quicker on surrounding structures than on the car, partially protected under the car port.",
"Dew happens wh... | [] | [] | [
[],
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250qzx | In the making of black and white movies, were props actually colored or grey? | Things such as lamps, furniture, etc.. that were specifically needed for the set. I would imagine things such as desks, books and other generic stuff were colored because they were real, but things made out of cardboard or other materials made JUST for the movie, what color were they? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/250qzx/in_the_making_of_black_and_white_movies_were/ | {
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"You may want to have a look at _URL_0_ which has some comments (and videos) with examples.",
"It depends on the circumstances and the production. Specific shades or colours would sometimes be used b... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1tyawh/while_filming_bw_films_did_they_use_specific/"
],
[],
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"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/21/addams-family-photos_n_4316085.html"
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2p6s6m | what exactly is "irreparable" about what green peace did to the nazca lines? | As far as I can tell, there was no damage to the actual humming bird, they just rolled out some yellow tarps next to them. I'm not saying it was a good idea and it certainly had potential to damage the lines, but I don't see how repairing it isn't as easy as rolling up the tarps.
[If you missed the story](_URL_2_)
... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2p6s6m/eli5_what_exactly_is_irreparable_about_what_green/ | {
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"As far as i can see it's less about actual physical damage as much as it is about the integrity of the site as a whole. Stonehenge is the same way, can't walk anywhere near it. I think it is more a pri... | [] | [
"http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/44342373.jpg",
"http://i.guim.co.uk/static/w-620/h--/q-95/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/12/10/1418237232550/Greenpeaces-time-for-chan-010.jpg",
"http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/12/travel/greenpeace-nazca-lines-damage/"
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[],
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4095fb | why is a good night's sleep better than last minute study the night before an exam? | I've read that getting the recommended sleep is much more important than cramming study which would result in few hours sleep the night before an exam. But how does little sleep affect memory during an exam? Is it better to just get the sleep? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4095fb/eli5_why_is_a_good_nights_sleep_better_than_last/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Its hard to concentrate while tired. Sleeping also stores your short term memories into long term ones.\n\nYour brain needs sleep before it properly stores info from that day.\n\nIt also has an emotional effect. Being tired and moody means bad at... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
8wvtf7 | How did the icecaps end up so much higher than ocean level? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8wvtf7/how_did_the_icecaps_end_up_so_much_higher_than/ | {
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"What do you mean exactly? If you're talking about sea ice, it's floating in the water just like and ice cube in a glass of water. If you're talking about continental glaciers, they form not from seawater but snowfall accumulated over many thousa... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4xwzkg | Could the extreme temperatures and pressures seen in collapsing bubbles during cavitation possibly be used for nuclear fusion? | [This](_URL_0_) paper mentions how bubble collapse during cavitation could possibly be used for nuclear fusion *if* the model that predicted interior shock waves is correct. I'm having a hard time finding information on whether that idea has been proven or disproven yet. If the predicted 10 Mbar pressures and 10 millio... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4xwzkg/could_the_extreme_temperatures_and_pressures_seen/ | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"There was a controversial claim around 2008 that collapsing bubbles could induce nuclear fusion. This is generally not considered to be real by the scientific community, and the principal researcher on the project was found guilty of academic mis... | [] | [
"http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-06172013-143310/unrestricted/Ramsey_Dissertation_Final_2013.pdf"
] | [
[
"https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/explosion-generated-collapsing-vacuum-bubbles-reach-20000-kelvin/"
]
] | |
8ikuec | What are the biological differences between Homo Sapiens and modern Homo Sapiens Sapiens? Or is this just a historiographical term? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8ikuec/what_are_the_biological_differences_between_homo/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"None. *Homo sapiens* is reserved for the \"anatomically modern human\", which doesn't mean that there are no biological differences from that point onward, but rather than the range of biological differences 150,000 years ago is contained within ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
69pxfj | why do animals do the "zooming" thing where they run around a small area really quickly with seemingly no purpose? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/69pxfj/eli5_why_do_animals_do_the_zooming_thing_where/ | {
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2,
7,
4
],
"text": [
"Can someone link a video or explain what \"zooming\" is? I'm not following at all.",
"Some animals do this as an expression of happiness. I work a lot with rabbits and farm animals that run for joy... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
6x9h93 | if basically all planets are made from the same random flyby.. then why are they so diverse? | How can one planet be like "oh, I'm all that gas", and another "Mostly this metal here".
If I spray a wall with different droplets of paint over a day, the entire wall will be the same homogeneous messy grayish tint. So why are Planets apparently collections of individual stuff to such a degree? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6x9h93/eli5_if_basically_all_planets_are_made_from_the/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The Sun. You don't get gas giants close in because the stellar wind is too strong for much gas to stick around. It's also hotter, meaning the gas is more energetic and less likely to hang around forming protoplanets. "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f3o1uv | what is the scp foundation? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f3o1uv/eli5_what_is_the_scp_foundation/ | {
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"text": [
"A collection of stories about weird paranormal stuff people have created, for fun.\n\n_URL_0_",
"It’s a fictional universe written by a bunch of random people on the internet working together. \nThe premise is there is... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.scp-wiki.net/"
],
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"http://www.scp-wiki.net/"
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] | ||
cfpszg | in old crt's why does physical damage to the tv cause the picture to rise, disappear, and then reappear in that order constantly? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cfpszg/eli5_in_old_crts_why_does_physical_damage_to_the/ | {
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"text": [
"The electron gun paints the picture line by line from bottom to top. It starts from scratch after every frame, 60 times every second. \n\nHitting it can cause the gun to jump around, causing refractions and making the proces... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1daory | why retrospective review is not used in soccer to aid accuracy of the decisions called | For example, when someone scores from receiving the ball in an offside position but the linesmen and referee do not call for offside and allow the goal to stand. Reviewing the footage, as is often done by commentators, is able to show decisions called incorrectly.
Could someone please ELI5 why the match officials do n... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1daory/eli5_why_retrospective_review_is_not_used_in/ | {
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"text": [
"- _URL_0_\n\n- _URL_1_",
"One of the appeals of soccer is that the game doesn't stop. When the first whistle blows, the clock starts and keeps going until half time, and then process repeats in the... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/soccer/comments/pd8r2/use_of_technology_in_football/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/soccer/comments/13ccsc/what_is_rsoccers_thoughts_on_offside_technology/"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1uybwb | Will breathing in hydrogen gas make your voice even higher than from breathing in helium? And will it kill you? | I saw a demonstration on Mythbusters where Adam breathed in a heavy gas and his voice got lower. He also performed the age old party trick of breathing in helium. My question is would breathing in hydrogen, a lighter element, make your voice go even higher? And can you actually try this without dying? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1uybwb/will_breathing_in_hydrogen_gas_make_your_voice/ | {
"a_id": [
"cemx6qs"
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"score": [
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"The only danger associated with inhaling hydrogen gas (so long as it doesn't ignite) is possible asphyxiation due to the lack of oxygen being inhaled. This danger also exists in inhaling helium and to the same extent. So as long as the helium do... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/SpeedofSoundOther.html",
"http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/08/26/helium-voice-is-not-higher-in-pitch.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_safety"
]
] | |
4imfcd | why does whipping cream make it fluffy? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4imfcd/eli5_why_does_whipping_cream_make_it_fluffy/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The whipping action forces air into the cream, where it gets trapped. The trapped air is what makes the cream light and fluffy.",
"The protein molecules in cream have formed formed a gel matrix, or foam, by being repeate... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5f9bju | what is rico law? | I've tried reading wikipedia and the many other sources out there, but I'm not quite 100% on understanding what it is, what it's used for, and when it's used. I understand that it's for prosecuting those in organized crime, but *when* is it used in these cases? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5f9bju/eli5_what_is_rico_law/ | {
"a_id": [
"daiidbx"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I don't know all the details, but RICO stands for \"Racketeering-Influenced and Corrupt Organizations\", and it allowed prosecutors to lay charges against you just for being a member of, or being corrupted by organized criminal organizations like... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
35znoy | What happens if a train hits you at 1 mph? | My friend and I were having an argument and I said if a train hits you at they speed it won't do much, but he said that a train has the force of a car going to 60 mph. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/35znoy/what_happens_if_a_train_hits_you_at_1_mph/ | {
"a_id": [
"cr9fgeb",
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"score": [
35,
13,
7,
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"text": [
"You're both right in a way. I suspect what he's talking about is the momentum of the train (mass * velocity). The train is exceedingly heavy and so even though it's travelling ve... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1pngem | Cauterization in the ancient/medieval world | Prior to the advent of modern medical practices, how extensive was the use of cauterization? For what types of wounds would it be used? More a medical than historical question, but relevant: what are its advantages and disadvantages compared to, say, stitches (which were also used, correct?)? Where (and when) in the... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pngem/cauterization_in_the_ancientmedieval_world/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I always enjoy pulling out my copy of Manjo (1975) *The Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient World*, because despite being almost four decades old it continues to deliver.\n\nManjo asks a similar question: How could it take so long to under... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629169/"
]
] | |
k7uo7 | md5 hashes | How are they generated, why are they always 32 characters in length and why are they not reversible? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k7uo7/md5_hashes/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2i5pul",
"c2i608t",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"I'll field \"why are they not reverseable\". ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
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] | |
45rcyu | What was life like for a peasant living under the Knights Templar, or some other such Holy Order? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/45rcyu/what_was_life_like_for_a_peasant_living_under_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"d02196y"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I know it's a bit late, but if interested, there's a lot of reading to be done for (some sections) of life under the rule of the Livonian Sword Brothers and Teutonic Order. These groups were operating in the Baltic territories from (roughly) the ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/baltic1.htm"
]
] | ||
1ucj3i | how do 401ks work, and how can i understand how my account is doing? | I just graduated college and have only been working since July 2013. I have my 401K arbitrarily set up to put in 6% of my paycheck (supposed to auto-increase by 1% every year), but generally speaking I have no clue how the account works or how to know if it's doing well (I have it on an automatic portfolio manager).
... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ucj3i/eli5_how_do_401ks_work_and_how_can_i_understand/ | {
"a_id": [
"cego8xt"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A 401k is basically a container for your money. What the container does is it allows you to not pay income tax on that money right now, and instead you pay tax on that money when you retire. The hope is that when you retire, you'll be in a signif... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
27pag1 | the notion of free will as physicists understand it. | First and foremost I have a very elementary understanding of physics, but I always understood free will to be the conscience ability to make decisions, but whenever I read physics articles, physicist often say something to the effect of free will does not exist. Reading an article right now in which Physicist Brian Gr... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27pag1/eli5_the_notion_of_free_will_as_physicists/ | {
"a_id": [
"ci30kmk",
"ci30kz5",
"ci31odf",
"ci33661"
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"score": [
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"They're making the statement that we live in a clockwork universe and that everything that happens happens because of a series of mathematical equations. Because of this freewill c... | [] | [
"http://www.livescience.com/46040-do-we-live-in-a-multiverse.html"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinism"
]
] | |
kp5k2 | what is/would be the clock in my cpu? how does it work? | You know, the one that I overclock. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kp5k2/what_iswould_be_the_clock_in_my_cpu_how_does_it/ | {
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"score": [
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"text": [
"Like you're five: You know how a marching band has a guy with a little stick and whistle that marches in front? He decides how fast ev... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2ed6ct | Allegedly, in 1990, James Baker pledged to Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would not extent eastward. Some claim that this promise was actually made while others claim that it's nothing more than a myth. Which is it? | I'm currently reading a book called *The Prophets of War: Lockheed Martin and the Making of the Military-Industrial Complex* and in it William D. Hartung makes the claim, citing Leon V. Sigal's book *Hang Separately: Cooperative Securtiy between the United States and Russia, 1985-1944*, that the US promised the Soviet ... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2ed6ct/allegedly_in_1990_james_baker_pledged_to_mikhail/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjygcvy",
"cjzea9u"
],
"score": [
26,
3
],
"text": [
"According to Gorbachev, Baker did make this pledge; according to Baker, he was never referring to anything other than Germany. Within Baker's personal handwritten notes of his meeting with Gorbachev he put exclamation point... | [] | [
"http://dialogueeurope.org/uploads/File/resources/TWQ%20article%20on%20Germany%20and%20NATO.pdf",
"http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nato-s-eastward-expansion-did-the-west-break-its-promise-to-moscow-a-663315.html"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
6p58vy | what does the title executive producer really do? i see a lot of actors and actresses star in films and they are also executive producers for them. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6p58vy/eli5_what_does_the_title_executive_producer/ | {
"a_id": [
"dkmombj",
"dkmoolr"
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"score": [
9,
5
],
"text": [
"It really doesn't have a single meaning, but indicates someone contributed to the production in some way without being directly involved in the creation of th movie. In some cases, this is because they originally created cha... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2i6pzq | If a pipeline is developed to pump sea water into the desert, would that create a natural precipitation system and irrigate the surrounding land? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2i6pzq/if_a_pipeline_is_developed_to_pump_sea_water_into/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckzelg6",
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"ckzgepz",
"ckzgf27",
"ckzgu13",
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"ckzm5uy",
"ckzn57r",
"ckzo382",
"ckzqbgs",
"ckzs0xb",
"ckzs8d2",
"ckzyrk4",
"ckzz2ib",
"c... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Lawton",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1rKDXuZ8C0"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.revisionworld.com/sites/revisionworld.com/files/imce/deserts.gif"
],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salton_Sea"
],
[
"http://... | ||
1uvtc4 | Deciphering Renaissance Script | This was found at the back of a 15th century painting in Florence, originally from Siena. Can anyone decipher it?
[Image Link](_URL_0_) | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uvtc4/deciphering_renaissance_script/ | {
"a_id": [
"cem7nu0",
"ceof1vk"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Do you have a picture with less glare?",
"The painting is supposedly a Sano di Pietra Madonna and Child with Four Saints."
]
} | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/GoleLl6"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5yj3fd | How did Catholicism mix/blend/clash with Native American religions and spiritual traditions post–European arrival in the Americas? | If you also know of any good primary or secondary sources on the subject, point me to them! | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5yj3fd/how_did_catholicism_mixblendclash_with_native/ | {
"a_id": [
"detu3t1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Hi there. I wrote [an answer](_URL_0_) sometime ago that might provide you with the insight you're looking for. Your question is a bit broad, so the linked comment is talking mainly about my tribe. It shouldn't be taken as sweeping generalization... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4xjrei/why_were_the_many_nations_introduced_to/d6gvj9o/"
]
] | |
axbf9y | how does a smartphone determine its gps position instantly, whilst a purpose-built car gps takes minutes to acquire satellites? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/axbf9y/eli5_how_does_a_smartphone_determine_its_gps/ | {
"a_id": [
"ehseig2",
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"score": [
9,
3,
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"text": [
"Because (for most users) your phone is recieving and processing GPS signals 24/7. You car, however, needs to connect to the GPS sattelites each time you turn it on.",
"Your pho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
u3ygh | I often hear that in its entire history, India has never invaded another country, how much truth is there to this? | I guess we could leave Kashmir out of the discussion since it is a hotly disputed region (could really start a new thread on Kashmir but I think thats a whole other can of worms). I also vaguely heard something about a war between India and China but dont know the validity in that.
It would be really interesting if t... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/u3ygh/i_often_hear_that_in_its_entire_history_india_has/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
7,
11,
11,
5,
11,
3
],
"text": [
"The conception of a uniform India was the result of invasion in the first place.\n\nIf you mean outside of current borders or past Pa... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:History_of_South_Asia"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rajendra_map_new.png",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
canv7v | Why are biofuels considered less "powerful" than regular fuels? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/canv7v/why_are_biofuels_considered_less_powerful_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"etcprnb"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The common biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) have lower energy densities than conventional fuels -- i.e. they release less heat per kg, when burned, than conventional fuels. \n\nThis is simply related to their chemistry -- they tend to have carbon... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
a3ffo0 | The ear is critical to both the auditory and vestibular system. Do any forms of deafness correspond to losses in balance? | Followup Question: If there are any cases, what type of relational link do they have? Correlational? Or some causal direction? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a3ffo0/the_ear_is_critical_to_both_the_auditory_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"eb87baz",
"eb87w1q"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"By the very nature of these symptoms and their respective malfunctioning organs, you can't have deafness *cause* balance loss (or vice versa). You can, however, have a third factor which causes both. [Ménière's disease](_URL... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/menieres-disease",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929596",
"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875018324240?via%3Dihub"
],
[]
] | |
z8h8l | Please, someone tell me how fiber that completely dissolves in water before ingesting gives the benefits of fiber to your digestion? More questions on fiber.... | This question also leads to the questions...
What is the real purpose of fiber in one's diet? and What are the best sources of fiber? and How much fiber is the right amount?
I sincerely want to know and have wondered for some time. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/z8h8l/please_someone_tell_me_how_fiber_that_completely/ | {
"a_id": [
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28,
12,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Well there are two types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. The insoluble types of fiber, which are found in most or all plant based foods, like fruits and vegetables, add bulk to... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_fiber"
],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3guk0w | Are there any other species that require long term child rearing for survival like the human? | I think I phrased that right, but typically, animals are born and within hours, days or weeks are able to at least survive.
For a human to survive, the child must be taken care of for years until it is able to fend, feed, and care for itself. Is this seen in any other species?
[EDIT: clarification, a human, left witho... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3guk0w/are_there_any_other_species_that_require_long/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu1mc6b",
"cu1mdcb"
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"score": [
21,
31
],
"text": [
"Sure, ants, depending on the species some ants spend 1/8th+ of their life going from egg to adult. It greatly depends on the type of any though, some having a lifespan of under 60 days while others its over 10 years.",
... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Balaena_mysticetus",
"http://genomics.senescence.info/species/",
"http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=0831-2796&volume=48&issue="
]
] | |
2fnope | what exactly is fair use, and how does it apply to quote art? | I want to start making text art posters for quotes from popular films and tv shows and sell prints of them online in order to make a little bit of spending money. [This is an example of what I want to make (note: this is not my work; I am in no way affiliated with the artist and/or seller).](_URL_0_) I was looking at... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2fnope/eli5_what_exactly_is_fair_use_and_how_does_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"ckaypn7",
"ckayppg"
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"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Oh. That is definitely not fair use. Fair use is actually pretty clearly defined. Here is the full text of the Fair Use clause in the US:\n\n > Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a co... | [] | [
"https://www.etsy.com/listing/198886997/doctor-who-quote-optimist-and-dreamer-of?ref=favs_view_4"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
4bn9op | the deaths of tupac and notorious b.i.g. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4bn9op/eli5the_deaths_of_tupac_and_notorious_big/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
23,
8,
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"text": [
" > Is there a generally accepted theory regarding the deaths of Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls (aka Notorious BIG)? \n\nGang related\n\n > Who and Why?\n\nCrips killed 2pac, Bloods killed Notorious, ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX_rM1Uwo9o"
],
[]
] | ||
4ea7ee | What would the horizon look like if you were standing on an infinitely stretching and perfectly flat plane? | My understanding is that the horizon is where it appears to be because of the curvature of the Earth, and if the Earth was smaller the horizon would be closer/lower. Obviously on an infinitely-stretching plane the horizon couldn't keep going up, but where is the limit? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4ea7ee/what_would_the_horizon_look_like_if_you_were/ | {
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"score": [
3659,
313,
50,
5
],
"text": [
"Actually, the question \"where is the horizon?\" and \"what does the horizon look like?\" are different questions. Let's answer the first question.\n\nWhere is the horizon?\n... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4ea7ee/what_would_the_horizon_look_like_if_you_were/d1yguj6",
"http://i.imgur.com/yhT8MJY.png",
"http://tinyurl.com/z4rhesh",
"http://i.imgur.com/7NNgEj3.png"
],
[],
[
"http://i.stack.imgur.com/oXV8A.png",
"http://imgur.com/a/ZZI3v"
],
... | |
8vualb | How is it possible for an isotope to increase in atomic number when it goes through beta-minus decay? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8vualb/how_is_it_possible_for_an_isotope_to_increase_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"e1qlum7",
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"score": [
21,
2
],
"text": [
"Because a neutron is converted into a proton.",
"\"Atomic number\" is the number of protons, ie, the positive charge of the nucleus. So, when you remove a negative charge, this positive charge goes up.\n\nWhat *can't* g... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3vsovw | What is the neurological reward for learning? | I know that there are reward systems for stimuli, but what does that look like for motivation or reinforcement in learning? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3vsovw/what_is_the_neurological_reward_for_learning/ | {
"a_id": [
"cxqij4m",
"cxqirtb",
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"score": [
2,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Dopamine is the principal neuromodulator involved in motivation and reinforcement.\n\nActions that lead to better outcomes than expected are reinforced by strenghtening synapses. Dopamine is taken by ma... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v16/n5/full/nrn3939.html"
],
[]
] | |
20yp2n | are tardigrades from space? | Every animal species on earth appears to have evolved precisely to match environmental conditions.
However, the tardigrade can survive in conditions that could never occur naturally on earth (e.g temperatures just above absolute zero, the vacuum of space, pressures 6x as strong as the deepest portion of the ocean, et... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20yp2n/eli5_are_tardigrades_from_space/ | {
"a_id": [
"cg7yus8"
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"text": [
" > How come the tardigrade didn't evolve to match its surroundings\n\nIt did. The tardigrade is adapted to deal with drought, and all the rest is just bonus side effect."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
d0uigq | Can reintroduced, formerly native species become invasive? | If for example, a particular species has been extinct in a particular environment, could it's reintroduction lead to further disruption of the ecosystem? If yes, what factors would play into it being invasive? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/d0uigq/can_reintroduced_formerly_native_species_become/ | {
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"text": [
"Unless you’re talking about resurrecting mammoths or dinosaurs, no.\n\n “Reintroductions” normally refer to species that were pushed out of a region by human activity in historic times (within a few thousand years), usually ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2ukk9f | where does the tradition of giving gold, silver and bronze medals to the top three competitors originate from? | Additionally, why those metals and that order? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ukk9f/eli5_where_does_the_tradition_of_giving_gold/ | {
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"text": [
"They are in descending order of value throughout the ages. \n\nThat said, it wasn't until 1904 that they were officially the medals for the Olympics (wikipedia). Why? Probably because they are pretty and make for a nice, per... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
3k489a | How do stars fuse elements? How does a star explode? | 1. Where does a star get the energy to fuse elements into heavier elements? Why is it able to do this?
2. Once the star has an iron core, it becomes denser and denser until it explodes. On an atomic/subatomic scale, what is happening here? Why does it explode? Is the explosion a sudden expulsion of density, or is there... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3k489a/how_do_stars_fuse_elements_how_does_a_star_explode/ | {
"a_id": [
"cuupu5b",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"The energy needed to begin fusion comes from the gravity of the star. A cloud of mainly hydrogen gas collapses in on itself through the force of gravity. Once the inner core gets dense enough hydrogen starts to fuse. Once th... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg/2000px-Binding_energy_curve_-_common_isotopes.svg.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_supernova",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_se... | |
46d9k8 | what is the ultimate goal of pro-lifers who want to repeal roe vs. wade? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46d9k8/eli5_what_is_the_ultimate_goal_of_prolifers_who/ | {
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"text": [
"At its core people who oppose abortion oppose abortion. They believe it is the killing of defenseless human life. So while they cheer abortion restrictions their ultimate goal is, as much as possible, to stop the administrat... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2stu3c | question about war and pow | What would happen if after the announcement of the end of a war if someone say japanese were to kill you or other citizens or military in the pow? would there be a war crime.
also what are laws of war if any? like what is a crime against humanity that you don't do in a war. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2stu3c/eli5_question_about_war_and_pow/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Prisoners of war, as far as I know, continue to be prisoners of war in the official sense until they are repatriated, so even with the war officially over, if the POW's were killed, it would still be a war crime/violation of the Geneva Convention... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1i7dxm | What happens in your brain when you breathe consciously? | You breathe all the time, even when you're asleep, but you can also hold your breath, consciously hyperventilate, et cetera. Breathing can be under the control of both somatic and autonomic neurons (unlike heartrate, for example).
My question is specifically (but *definitely* feel free to regale me with something cool... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1i7dxm/what_happens_in_your_brain_when_you_breathe/ | {
"a_id": [
"cb1weox"
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"score": [
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"text": [
" > If you begin breathing consciously, does your breathing \"switch gears\" ...\n\nBrainstem respiratory neurons control automatic breathing. When you begin to breathe 'consciously,' this voluntary breathing is initiated by the cerebral cortex b... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
71j5qa | Has the American prison system always had a much higher percentage of black men than white men? | Hello all! I was talking to a friend about current events, and he made the claim that the percentage of black men in American prisons was much lower in the 1950-60's, and further, that black people were generally better off, at least in terms of wealth, than today. For context, he was using that as an argument that the... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/71j5qa/has_the_american_prison_system_always_had_a_much/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"According to [this 1991 Department of Justice study](_URL_0_), in 1926 blacks were admitted to prison at 2.94 rate that white people were. By 1986 they were admitted at 5.43 the rate. Time served per conviction has been [pre... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/125618.pdf",
"https://archive.org/details/philadelphianegr001901mbp",
"https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=256035",
"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/hcsus5084.pdf",
"https://archive.org/details/followingcolorli00bake",
"https://a... | |
9v8gzc | how is it possible for a candidate to enter the american election while dead? | I read about this yesterday and am wondering how? _URL_0_ | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9v8gzc/eli5_how_is_it_possible_for_a_candidate_to_enter/ | {
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"text": [
"The candidates register to run for office long before the election occurs, so that everyone knows who is running and there's time to print up voter information materials, absentee ballots, and that sort of thing. The candid... | [] | [
"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/dead-brothel-owner-wins-election-nevada-legislative-seat-59026167"
] | [
[],
[]
] | |
oqcdt | what exactly is an ionizer/what does it do? | So I have this really cool [thing](_URL_0_) that is supposed to help w/ people who need lots of light/get bummed during winter darkness/rainy days/etc. It has a negative ionizer on it, and I have no idea why or what it actually does. This is all they say about it on the website: "SunTouch Plus simulates the actual heal... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/oqcdt/eli5_what_exactly_is_an_ionizerwhat_does_it_do/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3j6tqc"
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"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"ok ionized air will help dust cling and settle faster, by transferring their electrically charged particle to them. \n\nas far as health goes... pish. "
]
} | [] | [
"http://naturebright.com/?option=com_virtuemart&page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=5"
] | [
[]
] | |
2yy5ju | How much of Venus's excessive heat is due to the greenhouse effect vs. geothermal energy? | Would the dense atmosphere of Venus trap geothermal heat or atmospheric friction due to the greenhouse effect as well as solar energy?
How do we know how *much* of that heat is trapped solar energy? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2yy5ju/how_much_of_venuss_excessive_heat_is_due_to_the/ | {
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"We know how intense the light striking Venus is and the composition of gases in its atmosphere. The gases have an equation and that determines how well they trap heat. Using this model you can predict the temperature on Venus fairly accurately wi... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap7.html#62386"
]
] | |
74exe7 | how did e = mc² become a famous equation? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/74exe7/eli5_how_did_e_mc²_become_a_famous_equation/ | {
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"Aside from being elegant and simple it has a lot of application (nuclear bomb, nuclear fusion, ITER).",
"Einstein was ridiculously famous & Relativity ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
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2szrwj | What is the difference between a hole current and "normal" current with electrons moving? | I was reading an electronics book which stated that an example of a current which flowed the opposite direction of a negative to positive current was a hole current. I understand that in some way the absence of electrons are treated as their own positive charges but I don't see how this is different enough from the nor... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2szrwj/what_is_the_difference_between_a_hole_current_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnus6w8"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Current actually involves very few free-flowing electrons. Changes in the electric field propagate at relativistic speeds through carrier media, but electrons themselves don't actually flow at high speeds - [this page](_URL_0_) has some decent e... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/miccur.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle"
]
] | |
1bu751 | Can the Counter-Reformation be blamed for the intellectual stagnation in most Catholic countries from 1550-1700? | The Counter-Reformation began in earnest around 1540. This is about the time that the Italian Renaissance ended, and Italy would never again take such a prominent role in the intellectual life of Europe. By the late 16th century, Spanish political power began to wane, and it likewise never regained its political and mi... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1bu751/can_the_counterreformation_be_blamed_for_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9a76k9",
"c9a7iji",
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"score": [
2,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"That's not the case. Counter-Reformation was not only book burning but also a big, positive change in Catholic Church. People saw degeneration of the Church and it was one of the main reasons why Luther... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://books.google.pl/books?id=C7j-AzlcTzoC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=pius+ii+magnum+scelus&source=bl&ots=vcFWhfOjgD&sig=gaPzWQCT5mZbt-ObETuyF3KKw5s&hl=pl&sa=X&ei=JmFhUZmiE4WMtAaqvIDoBA&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=pius%20ii%20magnum%20scelus&f=false",
"http://en... | |
27gsfv | does evolution happen at random or does it aim for perfection? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/27gsfv/eli5_does_evolution_happen_at_random_or_does_it/ | {
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"text": [
"Biological evolution is not aimed at anything. It has no goal.\nChanges in the hereditary material of organisms happen at random and cause variation in a popu... | [] | [] | [
[],
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aphxpb | how do drinks (sodas, canned coffee, etc.) stay mixed together and not separate into their ingredients? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aphxpb/eli5_how_do_drinks_sodas_canned_coffee_etc_stay/ | {
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cecur1 | What kind of fuel is used for rockets in space? | Since there is no oxygen in space, what kind of fuels are used for moonlandings etc.? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/cecur1/what_kind_of_fuel_is_used_for_rockets_in_space/ | {
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"text": [
"Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are common propellants. Liquid oxygen is generally the most common oxidizer but there are more exotic mixtures like UDMH/red fuming nitrous acid t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
2r789x | how do companies that buy & re-sell other people's debt make money? | Say, a call center is open specifically to buy and sell debt. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2r789x/eli5_how_do_companies_that_buy_resell_other/ | {
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"text": [
"You owe $7,000 to Bustass Bank, but quit paying for five months. Your debt is now worth substantially less since it is nonperforming, and may be sold for $2,000 at this point, and more like $500 after ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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i1wd3 | How much net energy, in relative terms, does an individual atom contain? | Are we talking like a stick of dynamite or like a Duracell battery? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/i1wd3/how_much_net_energy_in_relative_terms_does_an/ | {
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"text": [
"Well, let's look at a single proton first. Let's say you have a lone proton that is completely stationary. A proton has a mass of around 1.67×10^-27 kg. E=mc^2 leave us at around 1.5X10^-9 J. This would be enough energy to power a 60 W light bulb... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2m0iwb | Is the genotype a phenotype? | I can select for specific individuals with a desired genotype by establishing their genotype in the lab and then removing all of those individuals who don't have the correct genotype. This even though selection is traditionally supposed to act on a phenotype.
Does this mean that an organism's genotype is in fact a ph... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2m0iwb/is_the_genotype_a_phenotype/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Those terms were coined about a century ago, back before we had any idea how genetic information was transmitted. Back then, the only reliable way to get the genotype of an animal was after the organism had given rise to a few generations of cont... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
a12yex | Were famous, named, weapons common and sought after in medieval Europe? | There is a popular fantasy trope of exquisitely made weapons being named and desired by knights and rulers (see excalibur, and any of the pile of valerian steel swords in asoiaf)
Though in reality the only one I've really heard of in the west was *stories* of excalibur. In the real world, in high and late medieval Eur... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a12yex/were_famous_named_weapons_common_and_sought_after/ | {
"a_id": [
"eanetqy"
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"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Outside of the Arthurian and other legends? Not that I am aware of. Swords in medieval Europe were essentially... not really disposable, but it was well understood that they would be damaged, require care and maintenance, and eventually break or ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
6cogf6 | why do people steal iphones if the fbi had such a difficult time unlocking the phone of the san bernardino shooter? | If the fbi struggled wouldn't it be even harder for the average mugger?
The iphone is pretty much useless if you cannot unlock it. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6cogf6/eli5_why_do_people_steal_iphones_if_the_fbi_had/ | {
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"text": [
"Depends on if you want the contents on it or not. I'm sure that the FBI wanted all of his information on that phone when they opened it. Someone who steals your phone can just er... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"http://smallbusiness.chron.com/reset-iphone-password-protected-70214.html"
],
[]
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22e0m6 | Why are people of Latin America considered Latino / Hispanic while Filipinos are not? | The Philippines were colonized for roughly the same amount of time as South and Central America, yet we don't call people of Filipino descent Latino or Hispanic. Filipinos are often just called Asian. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/22e0m6/why_are_people_of_latin_america_considered_latino/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Spain and Portugal were big on colonizing South America. The Philippines was colonized by Spain because it is a necessary and strategic location for trade with the Far East, especially the spices from India and Indochina and the Porcelain from Ch... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
12hciq | Is there any science to "ridding your body of toxins" via exercise/sweating? | I recently started taking hot yoga classes at a local studio. They crank the temp up to around 95 degrees for the 90-minute workout and use a lot of language about how the heat helps you "sweat out the toxins in your body" and things like that. Yoga class aside, I've heard this sort of language used in regard to other ... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/12hciq/is_there_any_science_to_ridding_your_body_of/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The purveyors of such beliefs never actually define what exactly these toxins are or why their preferred metho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
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"http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/men/sweating-odor/does-sweating-cleanse-your-system.htm"
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20534972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21106691",
"http://www.marksdailyapple.com/health-benefits-of-intermittent-fasting/#axzz2... | |
g5soj | What is an acceptable definition for life -- in terms of distinguishing something from a living organism or not. | How do we define if something is a living organism or not? I've read a few definitions and they usually include a short list of qualities, but they don't ever match completely.
Wiki defines it as: "Living organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/g5soj/what_is_an_acceptable_definition_for_life_in/ | {
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"text": [
"That wiki definition seems pretty good actually. \n\nYou can't really remove reproduction. Just because some populations have members that don't individual... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
26ycsl | why are stories about individual rape cases in india top stories in united states news media? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26ycsl/eli5_why_are_stories_about_individual_rape_cases/ | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchability"
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cbqw0f | why is there more visible smoke when people vape compared with regular cigarettes? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cbqw0f/eli5_why_is_there_more_visible_smoke_when_people/ | {
"a_id": [
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5
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"text": [
"Vape liquid has chemicals that hold on to water very well. It's the same chemicals used in fog machines. Cigarette smoke it's just small soot particles",
"Like the first guy said, cause it's not actually smoke. Plus, I ... | [] | [] | [
[],
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] | ||
f6yyex | What was it like to be a European visiting Africa during the Victorian period? | I know that the native populations of African colonies were often treated poorly, through forced labor, assimilation, etc., but what was it like to be a European visiting (probably for business purposes)? I’m aware that there are some mansions in Kenya from this period, including one now used as a giraffe hotel, but be... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/f6yyex/what_was_it_like_to_be_a_european_visiting_africa/ | {
"a_id": [
"fibepyv"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"First, let me note that this is really a huge question. Africa is the world's second largest continent and it's incredibly diverse. And the Victorian period was really long, from 1838 to 1903. I'll try to give a partial answer focusing only on... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3uz2yh | why does the united states have a disproportionately high number of the top ranked colleges/universities compared to the rest of the world? | Most college/university rankings will be nearly 80% American. How did it come about that the US developed such a strong higher education system? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3uz2yh/eli5_why_does_the_united_states_have_a/ | {
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"University ranks are hi... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck_Society"
],
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[],
[],
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7dxpuf | Does the expansion of the universe mean that the planets are moving away from each other? | I know the galaxies are moving apart from each other due to cosmic expansion, but does the same effect happen to the Earth and other planets in the solar system on a lesser scale? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7dxpuf/does_the_expansion_of_the_universe_mean_that_the/ | {
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"text": [
" > I know the galaxies are moving apart from each other due to cosmic expansion, but does the same effect happen to the Earth and other planets in the solar system on a lesser scale?\n\nNo. On the scale of the solar system,... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1j5ica | what does 42 mean? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j5ica/eli5_what_does_42_mean/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbbavvv",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Nothing on it's own.\n\nIt's a reference to a book called the hitchiker's guide to the galaxy. One of the worlds most famous science fiction novels.\n\nIn the book is a story abou... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
4cewez | what prevents the caramel filling in chocolates from hardening? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4cewez/eli5_what_prevents_the_caramel_filling_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1hildb"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I am actually working in a freaking chocolate factory as a process engineer and the best answer I can give you is: Well, It doesn't harden at that temperature.\n\nIt's just different sorts of caramel.\n\nThere is solid caramel candy and there is ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
4lu0ey | intel is comming with a 10core processor. what is a core? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lu0ey/eli5intel_is_comming_with_a_10core_processor_what/ | {
"a_id": [
"d3q50op",
"d3q8nd9"
],
"score": [
10,
3
],
"text": [
"A CPU is made up of many parts (other parts include the L3, L2, and L1 caches, the memory controller, there are actually quite a bit of parts on the CPU), but probably the most important parts are the cores. The cores are t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
2o6d43 | why some states aren't eligible for participation in sweepstakes, promotions, etc.. | An example is Amazon Smile, while people from states can enter and participate, they are limited to what kind of activities that can take place, solely for residing in a state.
i.e.
3. Advertising AmazonSmile
You may promote or link to the AmazonSmile Site only so long as you comply with the following requirements:
... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2o6d43/eli5why_some_states_arent_eligible_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmk4v4d"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Some states have passed specific laws banning these types of promotions.\n\nThere was a time when there were a lot of scammy, fraudulent \"sweepstakes\" that harmed a lot of people. The states took action to restrict the ability of companies or ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
f7sfel | how does "auto generated subtitles" translate audio into text? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f7sfel/eli5_how_does_auto_generated_subtitles_translate/ | {
"a_id": [
"fieh6wr",
"fif9wk5"
],
"score": [
9,
16
],
"text": [
"Basically you take the software that turns speech into text - \"Okay Google, how is what I'm saying to you right now showing up on my phone's screen?\" - and point it at a youtube video's audio track. Take all the text it p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
5wps9t | How Much Did Weakness in Eastern European States contribute to the Outbreak of WWI? | Long time lurker here - asking my first question on this amazing sub.
So I've read the FAQ relating to the causes of WWI. The FAQ certainly explains how Kaiser Wilhelm II grossly mismanaged the diplomatic situation, allowing the Entente Cordiale between the UK and France and the Franco-Russian Entente to form. It also... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5wps9t/how_much_did_weakness_in_eastern_european_states/ | {
"a_id": [
"dec7c04"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
" > As for the Ottomans, the whole Balkan tinderbox situation would not have occurred if they were not so weak as to be totally unable to defend their Balkan territories against ethnic rebels and their European sponsors. It seems that diplomatic ... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gaza",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre"
]
] | |
jdyhd | difference between beer, whiskey, liquor, rum, etc. | And is it true that whiskey causes more fights? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jdyhd/eli5_difference_between_beer_whiskey_liquor_rum/ | {
"a_id": [
"c2bb8wx",
"c2bb8wx"
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The quick answer: how they're made and what they're made of.\n\nBeer:\n\nBeer is made from water, hops (a kind of flower), barley, yeast and other ingredients. The barley and any other \"mash\" ingredients are cooked toget... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
cuppj0 | if an object traveling at 50mph impacts another object at 50mph does the combined force equal a 100mph impact or is it still the same force of a 50mph impact? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cuppj0/eli5_if_an_object_traveling_at_50mph_impacts/ | {
"a_id": [
"exwz5pm"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Each object feels 50mph \n\n\nEach one will feel it as if it hit a stationary object going 50mph. \n\n\nMythbusters did a good segment on this with 2 cars hitting each other vs a car hitting a wall. \n\n\nIm assuming both objects are essenti... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
bhv7jl | what happens to the wind chill factor in the spring, summer and fall? | We still have wind but it's not talked about on the weather report in the non-winter months. Doesn't the wind still take things down a degree or two here and there? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhv7jl/eli5_what_happens_to_the_wind_chill_factor_in_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"elw2t6i",
"elw3npg"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"All that wind does is move air around. It does make us perceive the air temp to be colder though as long as the air temp is below our body temp. Our body releases energy, making us feel colder, to try and make the air around... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
61va36 | why are people tried for hate crimes and not just the original crime like murder? | I understand what a hate crime is and I find it deplorable to target someone for their race, sexual identity, etc. Are there stricter punishments for a hate crime murder as opposed to a regular murder? I feel like most crimes are inherently hateful so I'm hoping someone can clarify. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61va36/eli5_why_are_people_tried_for_hate_crimes_and_not/ | {
"a_id": [
"dfhjpwe",
"dfhjw91",
"dfhnpap"
],
"score": [
6,
5,
4
],
"text": [
"Hate Crime indictments add to the penalty imposed for the original crime. You are tried for murder, but a murder which is also a hate crime will get you a larger sentence.",
"It's the difference be... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
3csjhz | Why do we get that cold tingly feeling under our skin sometimes after using things like muscle creams or patches? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3csjhz/why_do_we_get_that_cold_tingly_feeling_under_our/ | {
"a_id": [
"csyq167"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Many of these creams contain menthol (or sometimes peppermint oil, which is what menthol can be extracted from). Menthol stimulates TRPM8 receptors in the skin. These receptors are primarily for sensing cold, but menthol triggers their response a... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5238/"
]
] | ||
2m5xeg | What happens when water condenses on a hydrophobically coated object? | E.g. Spray a bottle of beer with neverwet, stick it in the fridge for a while then take it out in a high humidity climate.
Does the water precipitate on the bottom and slide off quickly?
Edit: It might behoove me to ask if the shape of the object matters e.g. a glass sphere vs something irregular like a small metal st... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2m5xeg/what_happens_when_water_condenses_on_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"cm19xeg"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Hydrophoby is related to wetting angle, it is not pushing water away like magnet pushing metal. If the object is very hydrophobic, water forms more round droplets rather than splashes, and so it would form droplets and very likely fall/roll off t... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhydrophobe"
]
] |
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