q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 3 301 | selftext stringlengths 0 39.2k | document stringclasses 1
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values | url stringlengths 4 132 | answers dict | title_urls list | selftext_urls list | answers_urls list |
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9tdbcs | "Bloody" Mary Tudor has the bad reputation of being brutal to her Protestant subjects. But when Elizabeth I ascended to the thrown, she was similarly brutal to her Catholic subjects. Was Mary more brutal, or does she just get the moniker "Bloody" because the country is more Protestant today? | That is to say, does Mary get a bad rep because the country never went back to being Catholic and the winners write history? Or was she really a lot worse with respect to persecuting the other side? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/9tdbcs/bloody_mary_tudor_has_the_bad_reputation_of_being/ | {
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"On one hand, Mary was actually a lenient, merciful person. She was ready to pardon Lady Jane Grey, until the Wyatt Rebellion forced her to change her mind: something that her far-bloodier father Henry VIII would not have hesitated over for a mom... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300108286/stripping-altars"
]
] | |
cvp4sh | how do sites like dhgate easily get away with selling fake products online? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cvp4sh/eli5_how_do_sites_like_dhgate_easily_get_away/ | {
"a_id": [
"ey5lrk5",
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"score": [
8,
3
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"text": [
"I think just about everything there is shipped straight from China. And a lot of the stuff isn't necessarily \"fake\" but is just very low quality or an obvious knockoff that is not being made to look like the real product."... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
13s0eo | How long do landmines remain active? | How long does it take for the explosives to become inert? Does the process by which the mines become unable to explode speed or slow depending on climate and soil composition? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/13s0eo/how_long_do_landmines_remain_active/ | {
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"c76o2em",
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"score": [
3,
10,
2
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"text": [
"Every now and then here in Virginia they find ordinance from the Civil War that is still dangerous, although landmines weren't really invented yet.",
"According to the wikipedia article for [Anti-p... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDX",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-personnel_mine#Components"
],
[]
] | |
32cnaa | [Meta] Why are there always so many questions about WWII? | Seriously, there's more to history than just WWII and directly related events. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/32cnaa/meta_why_are_there_always_so_many_questions_about/ | {
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"text": [
"It all goes back to popular culture. Questions about WWI & WWII, the Middle Ages, and Rome and Greece pop up constantly, and it's not hard to figure out why. How many movies/sho... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/26be5p/why_do_we_love_ww2/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1tdwke/meta_can_we_askhistorians_take_a_month_off_of_all/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1pcr9o/meta_moratorium_on_hitler_hypotheticals/"
],
[],
[... | |
j3uw7 | whats the difference between "union" rugby, and "league" rugby? eli5 | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j3uw7/whats_the_difference_between_union_rugby_and/ | {
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4
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"text": [
"League has 13 players per side, and play stops as soon as a player is tackled, with the team in possession keeping the ball and the defending team having to go back ten metres and defend again. Once the defending team succes... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
7mjoo2 | when a train enters a tunnel, what is the cause of the sudden pressure drop in the cabin? | I was riding CalTrain today and in the 4 tunnels before the final stop there was a quite noticable pressure change (which I found to be a drop in pressure using the barometer on my phone). Thank you!
Rule 7: In accordance with rule 7, I did search this question up beforehand, and there were two posts about the topic, ... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7mjoo2/eli5_when_a_train_enters_a_tunnel_what_is_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"drugifu"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"When air speeds up its pressure drops. As the train passes through the tunnel the air around the sides is being squeezed into a much tighter space than before the train’s presence. A narrowing of the space between the train and the tunnel causes ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3hrjqw | Would soil on Mars grow plants? | In the movie The Martian the main character seems to grows plants from martian dirt. Could martian dirt grow plants or would it need organics mixed into the dirt to make it grow plants? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3hrjqw/would_soil_on_mars_grow_plants/ | {
"a_id": [
"cu9z7w7",
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"score": [
30,
6
],
"text": [
"Nope! Not as it is naturally. In the book (which is fantastic, by the way), Mark Watney actually adds fertilizer (poop) and water to the soil, so it's not as simple as it seems in the trailer. \n\nThat said, plants still wo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
ct9pwk | what causes the ear-piercing sensation caused by grinding forks against plates or nails on a chalkboard? or even the thought of it? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ct9pwk/eli5_what_causes_the_earpiercing_sensation_caused/ | {
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... | [] | [] | [
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eqbw3s | Books on the Anarchy in England? | I am vastly interested in the subject, yet there is no mention of it in the book list, and I can't seem to find many books on it otherwise, much less their reliability and general readability. | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/eqbw3s/books_on_the_anarchy_in_england/ | {
"a_id": [
"fex3wps"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"If your 'the Anarchy in England' means the famous (notorious) civil war period in the 12th century, I can mainly recommend the following ones: \n\n* [Crouch, David. *The Reign of King Stephen: 1135-1154.* Harlow: Longman, 2000.](_URL_3_) \n* [D... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/196/196264/stephen--penguin-monarchs-/9780141989877.html",
"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300181951/king-stephen",
"https://boydellandbrewer.com/king-stephen-s-reign-1135-1154-hb.html",
"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315843803"
]
] | |
1fbppw | How did our universe become so organized? | this question pertains to entropy in the early universe. as i understand it, entropy is the habit of particles to move from organized to disorganized. from order to chaos. we know that entropy always increases, and can never be reversed.
knowing this, when our universe was young how did any form of organized structure... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1fbppw/how_did_our_universe_become_so_organized/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
3,
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"text": [
"A \"random and chaotic\" gas is only a maximal entropy state in the absence of gravity. If you include gravity, then you'd have to include that in the measure of entropy. I saw a talk by Roger Penrose i... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy#Cosmology"
],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_brain"
]
] | |
82o71w | is athleticism genetic? if so how? | I'm trying to get back into sports since I've started uni and feel this is the best opportunity to after 3-4 years but I feel I've got nothing going for me atm athletically other than my stamina, I've got an average vertical and average strength I come from a pretty athletic family is it because I've not done any sport... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/82o71w/eli5_is_athleticism_genetic_if_so_how/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"It is to a degree; when it comes to how well your body heals itself, how efficiently your blood carries oxygen, the maintenance of bone tissue, your body type, things like that. \n\nYour body can change... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
1y77vj | So if Halley's Comet was supposedly created during/shortly after the formation of our solar system, how has it survived this long? | The beginning of our solar system was a spinning nightmare with collisions lighting up the night sky on a budding protoplanet, so I was just observing that Halley's Comet seems to be a significantly unlikely reoccurrence in our solar system that's gone through such a destructive and constructive history. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1y77vj/so_if_halleys_comet_was_supposedly_created/ | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"So you're right, Halley's Comet has almost certainly *not* been swinging through the inner solar system every 76 years since the beginning of our solar system.\n\nThe important thing, though, is that while Halley's Comet probably was created wit... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1990A%26A...227..264D"
]
] | |
1q2wyj | why do people call australia a prison? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q2wyj/eli5_why_do_people_call_australia_a_prison/ | {
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"text": [
"It was used as a prison for the English empire ",
"Most of the first settlers were exiles from Britain, usually criminals.",
"When the British found... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Australia#Colonisation"
]
] | ||
2zqo1q | If the speed of light is constant, how does Red Shift happen? | The speed of light is always constant, regardless of the position and relative speed of the observer. In that case how come light is subject to the Doppler effect and gives us Red Shift? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2zqo1q/if_the_speed_of_light_is_constant_how_does_red/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpleqg4"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"The red shift is a shift in wavelength, not a shift in speed. Speed and wavelength are entirely different properties. They are related according to the equation:\n\nfrequency = speed/wavelength\n\nSince the speed is constant in all frames, an in... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
ruf91 | How effective is chewing gum compared with brushing only, or brushing and flossing? | Is it more effective at cleaning between teeth than brushing without flossing?
Plenty of gum marketing online but can't seem to find any hard data on it's effectiveness, do they even know? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ruf91/how_effective_is_chewing_gum_compared_with/ | {
"a_id": [
"c48qc2v"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I'd suggest finding 10 dentists and asking 7 of them. :)\n\n-----\n\nSeriously though pretty useless. Brushing moves foodstuff away from the gums on the surface of the teeth and floss from in-between the teeth. The only advantage of gum is incr... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://scholar.google.com"
]
] | |
mc232 | how does chest decongestant work along side cough suppressant? | I may be completely wrong about this but from what I've understood chest decongestant breaks down mucus and other bad stuff in your lungs and makes you cough it all out. And cough suppressant just makes you stop coughing. Now my question is most cold medicines have both of these in them. How do they work together? Don'... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/mc232/eli5_how_does_chest_decongestant_work_along_side/ | {
"a_id": [
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"score": [
5,
2,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"so stuff like Mucinex includes two chemicals normally, Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin. You have correctly identified the paradox of cough medicine, the Dextro acts as a cough su... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
yqm12 | dada art | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yqm12/eli5_dada_art/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5xygit",
"c5xzuzz"
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"score": [
2,
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"text": [
"Basically art that has no meaning or is supposed to be superficial and just aesthetically pleasing. If you were to ask the artist what the painting means he/she would say \"who cares\".",
"With art, there are always thos... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
1rk4v2 | if video game companies lose so much money on consoles, and make so much money on games, why don't they collaborate on one console that can play any game? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rk4v2/eli5_if_video_game_companies_lose_so_much_money/ | {
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"score": [
25,
6,
11,
2
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"text": [
"Like a PC?",
"And share the profits? Why don't all the grocery stores combine since they sell the same things?",
"Because they can make *more* money if they convince deve... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
2a6r2b | how is 1984 a foreshadowing of the modern western world? | I've read the book and seen the film, and while there are certainly some similarities between the things portrayed in the novel and our world, most notably surveillance, I'm not really sure how people can feel confident saying that the world we live in today is the world that is portrayed in the novel. 1984 seems to om... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2a6r2b/eli5_how_is_1984_a_foreshadowing_of_the_modern/ | {
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"text": [
"This behavior is an example of political hyperbole. It is, in my opinion, the equivalent of saying that President Obama is a communist for supporting higher m... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
xswri | What are the most promising ideas for faster than light travel? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xswri/what_are_the_most_promising_ideas_for_faster_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5pa9lv"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
" > What are the most promising ideas for faster than light travel?\n\nThere are none. Everything we know or suspect about the universe tells us that it is not possible, even in principle, to travel faster than the speed of light.\n\n > the Alcubi... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
uguse | What is the biggest atom that our Sun can produce? | Also, what is the biggest atom that the biggest star we are aware of can produce?
How big would a star have to be to produce an atom like Ununoctium?
Thanks guys really helped! | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/uguse/what_is_the_biggest_atom_that_our_sun_can_produce/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4vak16",
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"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Fusion of elements within stars stop with Iron. As mynameiswillem points out, elements higher than Iron require a catalyst, like a supernova, to develop. As for the largest natural occurring element, Californium. The remaini... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"http://www.astronomycast.com/2008/09/ep-107-nucleosynthesis-elements-from-stars/"
]
] | |
2nginv | Why is education on human atrocities during WW2 always focused on the holocaust, and not other ones like the ones committed by Italy in Africa or Japan in China/Asia, and beyond that the famine and suffering in the British Empire? | I understand the rest are discussed and documented as well, but why is the focus on the Holocaust so *disproportionally* focused on compared to other human atrocities? What makes industrial capacity for murder any different or crueler than chopping off someone's head for a game or shoving an iron rod or fire rockets up... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2nginv/why_is_education_on_human_atrocities_during_ww2/ | {
"a_id": [
"cmdfzh1",
"cmdh2fu"
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"score": [
6,
91
],
"text": [
"As a follow up question, or rather clarification: In what way do you feel that the education is in fact focused on things like the holocaust rather than those committed in Africa or Asia? I assume by your question you grew ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1vdieb | Can you please explain the approach orbit for Rosetta to the comet it is landing on on Jan 20? (Link, Video inside) | Seen here: _URL_1_ and directly on YouTube here _URL_0_
The spacecraft approaches in this weird triangular orbit with almost-straight lines. I assume there's a burn at each of these points but that is a lot of changing direction for I'm not sure what purpose. Do you think it's needed for 3D imaging the comet as much a... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1vdieb/can_you_please_explain_the_approach_orbit_for/ | {
"a_id": [
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10,
9,
7
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"text": [
"Based on the [mission profile](_URL_0_) it appears that you're right that it is for imaging the comet. Primarily for the purposes of finding a safe way to approach the comet through the debris and then... | [] | [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRjdqUDU3yI",
"http://gizmodo.com/watch-how-the-rosetta-spacecraft-will-orbit-and-land-on-1502508124"
] | [
[
"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Comet_rendezvous"
],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Taz4m1a4NCg",
"http://starbrite.jpl.nasa.gov/pds/viewMissionProfile.jsp?MISSION_NAME=INTERNATIONAL%20ROSETTA%20MISSION"
],
[]
] | |
yhwua | What are some interesting or thought provoking ways to explain just how large the Universe is? | I love thinking about the vastness of space. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yhwua/what_are_some_interesting_or_thought_provoking/ | {
"a_id": [
"c5vqdkb"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"[This](_URL_0_) article has what you're looking for. There is more info of the picture at the top [here](_URL_1_)."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://astronomycentral.co.uk/how-big-is-the-universe/",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAVjF_7ensg&feature=player_embedded"
]
] | |
7vxj33 | why does the vision darken and limbs become shaky when we slip? | for example, slipping on an icy road or wet floor. wouldn't the opposite response of the body be more useful? like helping to grab on something or regain balance instead of this completely useless reaction. | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7vxj33/eli5_why_does_the_vision_darken_and_limbs_become/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtvuhe1"
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"text": [
"This is part of the adrenaline response; your brain narrows vision (so you can focus on a threat), enhances strength and speed for gross motor functions like swinging a weapon or running (at the expense of fine motor control, so you get shaky), a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1j9bop | How do two-dimensional objects (like strings) have mass? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1j9bop/how_do_twodimensional_objects_like_strings_have/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbcehfa"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"I'm not familiar enough with string theory to really answer your question, but I will say that I think you're letting your physical intuition get in the way here. Mass is not a priori related to volume; that's just how we normally observe things... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle"
]
] | ||
4q6fte | Why does the behavior of an airflow going through a nozzle changes between subsonic and supersonic speeds? | I'm currently follow an aircraft technician course and, during the engine section, we see how a turbine engine works and how the airflow is affected by convergent and divergent nozzles at subsonic and supersonic speeds. However, my classmates and I cannot quite understand why the air behaves differently between those t... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4q6fte/why_does_the_behavior_of_an_airflow_going_through/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4r3j8y",
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"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"At supersonic speeds, the air expanding through a nozzle doesn't know about air outside.. meaning the molecules expand as if it were a free expansion until they interact with the surroundings. This results in a shockwave as ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
5wj3sr | use of term "Italy" and the italian identity since the fall of Roman Empire up until the unification | My questions is was the term Italy and Italian people used in the medival kingdoms of Europe and among the city states and duchys of the italian peninsula or were there clear separations between Venice,Genoa,Ferrara,Napels, Papal State etc. Did they have a sense of common identity?
| AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/5wj3sr/use_of_term_italy_and_the_italian_identity_since/ | {
"a_id": [
"decd7uf"
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"text": [
"After the fall of the Roman empire, Italy continued to a more or less unified and autonomous polity until the 8th century, and would not become definitively fragmented until the 10th. \n\nAfter the fall of the Second Kingdom of Italy, the word \"... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2dllbh | Outdoors, sunscreen wears out and needs to be reapplied every 2 hours or so. If you wear sunscreen indoors (away from UV radiation), does this same time limit on effectiveness hold? | Is the life of sunscreen extended somewhat (say 6 hours) but still needs reapplying before going outside (if longer then that limit)?
I tried to find information on this but couldn't. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2dllbh/outdoors_sunscreen_wears_out_and_needs_to_be/ | {
"a_id": [
"cjqpbhn",
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4,
2
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"text": [
"This is only true for organic sunscreens like avobenzone, but inorganic sunscreens like titanium dioxide or zinc oxide hold up a lot better.\n\nBut back to your original question.\n\nNo, it's the UV light that is absorbed an... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1chojc | If I were to point a massive radio telescope at the moon, what would it pick up? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1chojc/if_i_were_to_point_a_massive_radio_telescope_at/ | {
"a_id": [
"c9hj12n"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Radio signals from Earth.\n\nAmateur radio operators do this often (though with much more modest hardware). It's called [Earth-Moon-Earth or EME](_URL_0_) operation."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EME_%28communications%29"
]
] | ||
1l16fb | If stitches are meant to fuse your skin together across an open wound, could you then feasibly fuse your skin together with another person's skin? | I think the title says it all. Just got stitches done in my finger which prompted this thought. Is there something inherent in our own skin that will enable it to fuse with itself, or can one's skin just as easily recognize and accept another's? Thanks. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1l16fb/if_stitches_are_meant_to_fuse_your_skin_together/ | {
"a_id": [
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"Wouldn't that be a skin graft? Your body heals much faster with its own skin. It will attack foreign materials meaning other people's skin as well. Usually they will grow your skin if you need some... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
5to9o2 | how does mobile "direct deposit" work for checks? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5to9o2/eli5_how_does_mobile_direct_deposit_work_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"ddnu6h8",
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"score": [
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2
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"text": [
"You take pictures, you enter amount, you send it in. They use a computer to analyze the check and the serial numbers to see if it's a true check, they also check the amount as well of course.",
"These days, banks process... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
s96u2 | does an orchestra actually pay attention to the conductor? | I know I'm gonna get the die hards going berserk over this, but seriously...do they really? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/s96u2/does_an_orchestra_actually_pay_attention_to_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4c467f",
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"score": [
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"text": [
"In a sense, yes. \n\nThe orchestra as a whole is like the conductor's instrument. A living, breathing, instrument. He or she has some creative authority over the performers, and can mix up the pieces the orchestra is playin... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermata"
],
[
"http://kottke.org/12/04/what-does-a-music-conductor-do",
"kottke.org"
]
] | |
2zxvk6 | What was the international reaction to the Franco-Prussian War? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2zxvk6/what_was_the_international_reaction_to_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"cpo74wy"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Which parties in particular are we talking about internationally? The traditional great powers of Europe? The Franco-Prussian War was an epoch-defining event that shook up the traditional order in central Europe, which allowed the Prussians and t... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan_%281870%29",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Russian_Alliance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Metz_%281870%29",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War"... | ||
cythuo | why you're more likely not to keep weight off if you lose too quickly? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cythuo/eli5_why_youre_more_likely_not_to_keep_weight_off/ | {
"a_id": [
"eyu3ooz",
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"score": [
13,
3
],
"text": [
"Because loosing weight is relatively easy. Do some things, avoid certain things-soon enough you'll lose weight.\n\nKeeping the weight off is a lifestyle change. Do those same things, avoid those same things, and repeat for ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | ||
3lupzd | Is there an equation which from the number of carbon atoms in an alkane would give the number of constitutional isomers? | This is a problem that I have struggled with for a few weeks to no avail. I have failed to find any equations which successfully predicts the number of constitutional isomers from the carbon number but it seems to me that there must be a relationship as it is the number of carbon atoms which allows for the increasing n... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3lupzd/is_there_an_equation_which_from_the_number_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cv9hh46"
],
"score": [
24
],
"text": [
"This is \"just\" enumerating the trees with a given number of vertices and of maximum degree 4, up to isomorphism. OEIS has this sequence as [A000602](_URL_0_), and links some variants. \n\nAt a certain point you have start thinking about stereo... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://oeis.org/A000602"
]
] | |
2yor0u | why do cable companies like comcast and time warner advertise so much if they have no competition? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yor0u/eli5_why_do_cable_companies_like_comcast_and_time/ | {
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"cpbhtpi",
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"score": [
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18,
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"text": [
"They have lots of competition. Every home that has a clear view of the southern sky has the option to get their ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | ||
90dxzq | Would Earth's gravity have been different before we had a moon? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/90dxzq/would_earths_gravity_have_been_different_before/ | {
"a_id": [
"e2pt14x"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The Moon is likely to have been from the Earth - Earth got hit by some large object early on, and the resulting mess consolidated into two bodies. So the original Earth would have been more massive, and had stronger gravity.\n\nIf you're asking a... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
389g1y | how does water "reset" hair? | I have longish hair on top and a handlebar moustache and whenever either is acting up from sleeping on it weird, all I have to do is get it wet and it'll get rid of even the most intense bed head/'stache, but will refuse to cooperate even a little if it's dry the whole time. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/389g1y/eli5_how_does_water_reset_hair/ | {
"a_id": [
"crtcg0w",
"crtd0d7"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Mustaches are naturally hydrophobic, which makes them extremely docile in the presence of water. The fear particles have probably migrated from your face to your scalp, resulting in the bizarre and unnatural phenomenon you d... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2wc2vp | why does pepto bismal make the tongue and stools black and how does it cure diarrhea? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wc2vp/eli5_why_does_pepto_bismal_make_the_tongue_and/ | {
"a_id": [
"copibjv"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Pepto bismol has a large amount of bismuth in it. Bismuth is a heavy metal and kills bacteria through heavy metal poisoning, but in the doses we take it doesn't cause any known harm.\n\nPoo comes out tarry and black because of the byproducts of ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1rgy6n | Did Josef Mengele Ever Succeed in Any of His Experiments? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1rgy6n/did_josef_mengele_ever_succeed_in_any_of_his/ | {
"a_id": [
"cdnbf82"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"No, because his premises were unscientific, his methods questionable and his experiments haphazard.\n\n\nFirst, many of the experiments were based on peculiar Nazi racial theories about who was \"Aryan\" and who was not. The issue of the existenc... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~piecze/MengeleBennoMullerHill.pdf"
]
] | ||
7x5iws | Why are some ions more soluble than others? | Does it relate to periodic trends, or is it completely different for every ion? What causes this difference? | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7x5iws/why_are_some_ions_more_soluble_than_others/ | {
"a_id": [
"du5tcz9"
],
"score": [
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"text": [
"Generally solubility is determined by three different factors. How strongly the solvent binds to the ions, how strong the solvent binds to itself, and how strongly the ions bind to each other. \n\nIn order to dissolve an ion you have to break bot... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1k5g1d | Could radio waves be combined in such a way that a wave with increased frequency is created? | I don't know much about the physics of radio waves and so I don't know if or how their waves can combine, and if this can actually be used to increase the frequency. It seems like this should be simple to answer through a search but I didn't turn up much that was relevant, so any direction to finding an answer is appr... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1k5g1d/could_radio_waves_be_combined_in_such_a_way_that/ | {
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"cbloe2j",
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"score": [
2,
6,
2,
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"text": [
"Check out the Wikipedia article about the[ superposition principle](_URL_0_) for answers.",
"Not in any linear way. That is, you can't just have some radio waves out and about,... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle"
],
[],
[
"http://www.scribd.com/doc/146191611/Quizzette-2",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric_identities#Product-to-sum_and_sum-to-product_identities",
"http://www.minicircuits.com/products/Multipliers.shtml"
],
[
... | |
1uz6b8 | Given Ariel Sharon's passing what is the current prevailing historiographical opinion regarding Israeli involvement/culpability in the Sabra and Shatila massacres? | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uz6b8/given_ariel_sharons_passing_what_is_the_current/ | {
"a_id": [
"cen3zx6"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Let's all go to this topic: _URL_0_"
]
} | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1uyyyo/in_light_of_sharons_death_what_actually_happened/"
]
] | ||
1ug9r3 | Why was there such a connection between Russian and French culture in the 18th and 19th centuries? | I've noticed this in literature as well as the architecture of St Petersburg for example which resembles the architecture of Paris. I have also noticed that, living in an ex-eastern block state, a big portion of educated people of age 50+ are well versed in both French and Russian. Thus my question. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1ug9r3/why_was_there_such_a_connection_between_russian/ | {
"a_id": [
"cehrxhq",
"cehvn0o"
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"score": [
2,
11
],
"text": [
"Interesting question, I'd like to know that too. BTW St Petersburg was built by Italian architects, so it's not specifically French I suppose.",
"The intellectuals in Russia saw the French as the high point of refined E... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
fj7ws2 | why are aluminum and tin containers safe for long term storage of beverages and other food items? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fj7ws2/eli5_why_are_aluminum_and_tin_containers_safe_for/ | {
"a_id": [
"fklehm9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They have protective coatings on the inside that prevent corrosion and leaching. These coatings are tailored to suit the content a particular can holds as there is no one-size-fits-all."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
3akf0l | what donald trump thinks he can fix in america and how? | Yes, I am aware of how much of an arrogant wealthy douche Donald is.. But what does he really think he can bring to the office that would help the country flourish? What are his plans so far? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3akf0l/eli5_what_donald_trump_thinks_he_can_fix_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"csdg8ej",
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"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"He doesn't have a plan. He's not really even running for office. This is how he stays in the media spotlight and sells the Trump brand. It's for money. ",
"Trump is savvy enough to know he couldn't win a mayoral race. It... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
w5l0d | Is there any scintific evidence that whales or dolphins will die or go deaf because of the US Navy's underwater sound system? | A friend sent me the following link with the subject line, "Is this true?" and the following link: _URL_0_
IMPORTANT: I'm not advocating that anyone sign this petition... I'm not taking a side regarding a need (or lack of need) for such a sound system, nor am I taking a pro or con stance regarding animal rights. I... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/w5l0d/is_there_any_scintific_evidence_that_whales_or/ | {
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],
"text": [
"[Wikipedia](_URL_0_) happens to have an article on this exact subject.\n\nSonar has a detrimental effect on marine mammals, but probably not as extreme as the petition suggests.\n... | [] | [
"http://signon.org/sign/navy%2Dunder%2Dwater%2Dsound"
] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammals_and_sonar"
],
[],
[
"http://www.reddit.com/r/oceans/comments/vze71/us_navy_is_about_to_deafen_15900_whales_and/",
"http://phys.org/news/2012-05-navy-sonar-blasts-sea-life.html",
"phys.org"
],
[
"http://www.pelagosinstitute.gr/gr/pelagos/pd... | |
2ujphq | why do airlines [some] price single tickets at huge premiums to return trips? | Surely passengers will book return trips and just not show up for the return leg. Leaving the airline with a no-show and empty seat they cannot sell (unless they are overbooking). Equally they are just throwing away potential business on oneway flights with crazy pricing. Budget airlines moved from the business model y... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ujphq/eli5_why_do_airlines_some_price_single_tickets_at/ | {
"a_id": [
"co92n7y"
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"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"I don't work for an airline and so can't speak for why any one airline would act this way, but I would suspect that it's an attempt to segregate their customer base by price sensitivity.\n\nSomeone who is flying for personal reasons, or for pleas... | [] | [
"http://imgur.com/gallery/faLp65E/new"
] | [
[
"http://www.marketplace.org/topics/business/ive-always-wondered/why-do-luxury-hotels-charge-wi-fi-cheap-hotels-dont"
]
] | |
4dwfnx | Was Alexander the Great a traditional conqueror or did he just go on a massive 13 year raid across the known world? | Since he spent all his time fighting and didn't really have any time left to act as a regular ruler, did the conquered people really feel like they were part of his empire or was it more of a "that guy kicked our ass, I hope he doesn't come back" type of situation? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4dwfnx/was_alexander_the_great_a_traditional_conqueror/ | {
"a_id": [
"d1v56wt"
],
"score": [
39
],
"text": [
"Alexander's constant campaigning did indeed mean that he wasn't able to spend as much time ruling his domain as a less conquest oriented monarch might. But just how the conquered peoples felt about their new position is hard to gauge. In one sen... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
4ernku | Can the Western Roman Empire be considered a state? | Using the definition of the state as "a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government", can the Roman Empire, particularly of the late antiquity, be considered a state?
| AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4ernku/can_the_western_roman_empire_be_considered_a_state/ | {
"a_id": [
"d22tvbj"
],
"score": [
13
],
"text": [
"Why wouldn't it be considered one? \n\nI know this is a problematic set of criteria, but it's what my university teaches its undergrads. A state has\n\n1. visible class distinctions\n2. monumental archetecture\n3. complex record keeping (when ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
oq7ey | Does the fibonacci sequence really show up that often in nature, or is just an example of some sort of paradolia? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/oq7ey/does_the_fibonacci_sequence_really_show_up_that/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3j615t",
"c3j8f4i",
"c3j8fpc"
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"score": [
6,
7,
17
],
"text": [
"[This article](_URL_0_) summarizes it well.",
"[This is the best explanation](_URL_2_) of why fibonacci numbers show up in nature so often that I've seen. Sorry that it's not from a scientific sour... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/pseudo/fibonacc.htm"
],
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14-NdQwKz9w&feature=youtu.be",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahXIMUkSXX0&list=LLDH_oPEjkhAeHuArSoTUe4Q&index=5&feature=plpp_video",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOIP_Z_-0Hs"
],
[
... | ||
bqf89e | why usual purchases with a card need something memorable (pin code), but online purchases have their secret code printed right on the card? | The way I understand, the usual (non-contactless) payment is a prime example of 2FA: you present your card, and then either sign or enter PIN code. First option ticks something you have (card) + something you are (the person who can white a signature matching the card's one), second - something you have (card) + someth... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bqf89e/eli5_why_usual_purchases_with_a_card_need/ | {
"a_id": [
"eo40m6p",
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"score": [
5,
2
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"text": [
"This is something that is changing in the EU. They are going to add in 2 factor authentication for cards. For example one of the cards I have requires me to unlock my banking app using my pin or fingerprint and approve the t... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/44dza4/eli5why_pin_does_not_required_for_online_shopping/"
]
] | |
1k56ms | social darwinism | Tried Wikipedia but it makes no sense whatsoever to me. Any explanation would be great. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1k56ms/eli5_social_darwinism/ | {
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"It's the application of... | [] | [] | [
[],
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[],
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[],
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2wauni | if hackers were able to use inside knowledge of bank systems to steal $1 billion over time, how would they eventually have cashed in? | In this [reddit front page article](_URL_0_) recently posted, thieves managed to make off with some serious dough by infiltrating bank systems and using them to their advantage.
I get that measures, in particular amounts stolen under certain thresholds allowed the hackers to go undetected for a long time, but once det... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wauni/eli5_if_hackers_were_able_to_use_inside_knowledge/ | {
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19,
7,
8,
7
],
"text": [
"Pulling the cash out of ATMs would be hugely time consuming and increase the risk of getting caught. The better approach (and the one they're most likely t... | [] | [
"http://phys.org/news/2015-02-hackers-billion-banks.html"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://securelist.com/files/2015/02/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"
],
[]
] | |
4r2tqj | why is it more damaging to binge drink than to regularly drink in small portions the same amount of alcohol? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4r2tqj/eli5_why_is_it_more_damaging_to_binge_drink_than/ | {
"a_id": [
"d4xtj2i"
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"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"So your liver is your filter of your body.\n\nTakes care of the toxins and regulates the body.\n\nWhen the liver has too much alcohol to handle, normal liver function may be interrupted. Chemical imbalance!\n\nIf the liver is required to detoxif... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7ozvdh | how do hashing functions avoid collisions? | If you have a 256 bit hash with 2^256 possibilities and run every file ever created, would there be collisions?
| explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7ozvdh/eli5_how_do_hashing_functions_avoid_collisions/ | {
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"text": [
"Yes! Every Hashing function will have collisions. Each function also chooses how to deal with collisions. With a hash space like 2^256, you should be able to minimize collisions as I believe that nu... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
zepld | Were there ever revolutions without political killings? Unlike Cuba, Soviet Russia and I'm sure others? | I'm asking because in my country, Portugal, after the 25 of April revolution in 1975 there was almost no blood spilled. There were some fighting at the time of the taking of the Dictator's HQ and there were some political killings in the 80s by a terrorist group. | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/zepld/were_there_ever_revolutions_without_political/ | {
"a_id": [
"c63xdk8",
"c63y7od",
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"score": [
3,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"I think [this](_URL_0_) counts. There's actually a whole documentary about it as well.",
"Most of the Soviet Union's puppet states fell with little or no bloodshed. And the coup that put the end to ... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_Revolution#Estonia"
],
[],
[]
] | |
1jypvt | why do the graphics improve so much from super mario bros to smb 2/doki doki panic to smb 3? | They were all on the NES/Famicom and I have no idea why they went from barely looking like a person to actually looking like... Mario. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1jypvt/eli5why_do_the_graphics_improve_so_much_from/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbjl886"
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"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"The NES actually has a surprisingly unique development model. Basically, the cartridges provide their own computing power. The NES by itself is a pretty crappy system, even for its time; it only has 2KB of internal RAM (yes, that's about one 512t... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3fg9vh | why do cigars smell good, but cigarettes smell horrible? | Title. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fg9vh/eli5_why_do_cigars_smell_good_but_cigarettes/ | {
"a_id": [
"ctoendi",
"ctomfp9"
],
"score": [
9,
2
],
"text": [
"Cigars and pipe tobacco use real, raw tobacco (of course, dried and all the usual stuff you hear about them doing in colonial times). Cigarettes are ground, processed, and treated with chemicals to make them burn longer and... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
b8rju1 | why do freud's theories keep on being validated even if there is no scientific evidence about their reality? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b8rju1/eli5_why_do_freuds_theories_keep_on_being/ | {
"a_id": [
"ejzqmyx"
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"score": [
2
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"text": [
"You can't prove Freud's theories right or wrong because they don't make falsifiable claims. As such, they are not science and should not be regarded as such.\n\nHowever, social sciences are rife with these sorts of dogmas. Remember, at one point ... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
91znvw | Are there other deep water areas of the ocean that we know camparitively far less about due to all the attention given to the Mariana Trench? | In general it just seems that the ocean floor is so vast and we’ve given so much attention to this little area, for all the talk about it’s mystery I wonder if we actually know more about it than we do the rest of the sea floor. I’m wondering how our knowledge of the Mariana Trench compares with the rest of the ocean a... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/91znvw/are_there_other_deep_water_areas_of_the_ocean/ | {
"a_id": [
"e34ao3l"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"We know about [more deep places](_URL_2_), e.g. [Puerto-Rico Trench](_URL_3_) or [Tonga Trench](_URL_1_), but I would say we don't really know much about Mariana Trench or other deep sea trenches. It's just it being known as the deepest point, so... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/exploration.html",
"https://www.livescience.com/23431-tonga-tench-mission.html",
"https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/10-deepest-parts-of-the-ocean/",
"https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03trench/trench/trench.html"
]
] | |
1pr2ou | why is it easier to open twisty caps by holding cloth between your fingers and the cap? | I mean, I feel the difference, but I don't understand the physics behind it. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pr2ou/eli5_why_is_it_easier_to_open_twisty_caps_by/ | {
"a_id": [
"cd541rg"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Friction. I wish I had pictures of a zoomed in surface...,it makes it easier to explain the traction. But basically...the more bum bumps /ridges, the more traction. Hands are oily and this oil coats some of the bumps lowering the grip of hands to... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3qady9 | why doesn't the cost in octane rating change with gas price changes? | My car requires 91+ octane rated gas. Within the past 2 years I have noticed that the price difference between fuel grades jumped from 10c to 15c. Just this week it started to become 20c difference! Even though gas has gone way down to $2.04 (unleaded) premium is $2.44 where I live. I read that octane is made out of th... | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3qady9/eli5_why_doesnt_the_cost_in_octane_rating_change/ | {
"a_id": [
"cwdf1gd",
"cwdgntz"
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"score": [
3,
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],
"text": [
"This is most likely due to the oil you buy takes time to refine, and the oil retailer bought the expensive oil a long time ago and stored it and slowly selling the remaining stock and wont want to make a loss. thus the price... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2v4aa2 | How can you tell the difference between Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Dementia? | My grandfather died of Lewy Body Dementia, and for the longest time we thought it was Alzheimers. The doctor said it was most likely Lewy Body Dementia, but he matched almost all the symptoms for Alzheimer's. Can someone please clarify the line between what is Alzheimer's and what is Lewy Body Dementia? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2v4aa2/how_can_you_tell_the_difference_between/ | {
"a_id": [
"coedx47"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Sorry for your loss. \n\nThe differences between Alzheimer's and LBD are primarily clinical and symptom-based. Alzheimer's tend to be more insidious with the first clinical symptom failure of recall and memory-based. Lewy Body Dementia usually... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
3il4k5 | I am looking for good sources on the history of (USA) Worker's Unions | I am currently researching Unions and Organized labor for an independent study class. While I am sure simple Google searches can turn up a number of different titles, I am very wary of bias. Would you kindly recommend some books, papers, or journals dealing with Organized Labor in the United States of America? Thank yo... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3il4k5/i_am_looking_for_good_sources_on_the_history_of/ | {
"a_id": [
"cuhd4fq",
"cuhnhjl",
"cui06k3"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Check out the work of David Roediger. Also Philip Foner's work is classic. More recent is Philip Dray. What aspects are you looking at? ",
"Are you looking for works that are an overview of the ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
rylzk | Could a place like Black Mesa (from Half-Life) really exist? | Given the resources that the Earth had in the year 1998, and assuming that Black Mesa had already been around a few years before that already, would it actually be humanly possible for a facility like Black Mesa to really exist? I'm meaning this question to be about size, not experiments. If so, is there already a plac... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rylzk/could_a_place_like_black_mesa_from_halflife/ | {
"a_id": [
"c49omkg"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"US Government National Labs feel pretty close. They're not quite that huge but the number of just off the wall awesome experiments being conducted make them feel a bit like either Black Mesa or Aperture type of things could be going on. \nLos Ala... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
2oa1tr | what is actually happening when i'm warming my car in the winter? | Does warming the car make any difference in terms of functioning? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2oa1tr/eli5_what_is_actually_happening_when_im_warming/ | {
"a_id": [
"cml4fdv",
"cml4ukt"
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"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"You're trading comfort for efficiency and reduced wear. At idle the engine takes considerably longer to warm up to normal operating temperatures; extending the time it's running at ideal temps. Some newer diesel engines are ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
2rzgfk | Jewish Wine | In an episode if Frasier, Frasier Crane is dating a Jewish woman and is suddenly forced to meet them. While his girlfriend at the time didn't create about him not being Jewish, her family would so he pretended to be Jewish, forcing him to take down Christmas decorations and serve Jewish foods. However he didn't have Je... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/2rzgfk/jewish_wine/ | {
"a_id": [
"cnktubn",
"cnkx7gw"
],
"score": [
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7
],
"text": [
"It actually doesn't have much of a historical reason. The most popular kosher wine in the US is Manischewitz wine, and they add sugar to their already-sweet wine. Frasier is playing off this stereotype. But kosher wine need... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
1pyn4l | Is the arrangement of our small intestines fairly similar across humans, or unique to each person like a fingerprint? | I've always imagined a tangled mess. Are things in our gut a bit more organized than I've pictured? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1pyn4l/is_the_arrangement_of_our_small_intestines_fairly/ | {
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Your intestines (specifically small intestine) are attached to the back of your abdomin... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.lawrencegaltman.com/Naugbio/CADAVER/CAD07FLV.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=barium+follow+through&espv=210&es_sm=122&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=mFJ6UqHBBuug0wXXuoGgAg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1278&bih=963"
... | |
ag3exj | How did Project MKUltra maintain its secrecy so effectively for twenty years? Across 80 reported institutions, how was there not even one whistle-blower? What eventually compelled the government to go public in 1975? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/ag3exj/how_did_project_mkultra_maintain_its_secrecy_so/ | {
"a_id": [
"ee3muas"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Here's an interesting piece of history that helps us understand: \n\nIt was a different time, people going for \"weird psychiatric cures\" at leading institutions in their city or country would have thought less about the brutal and suspect met... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ewen_Cameron"
]
] | ||
fqblvr | what changes happen to make "adult foods" (e.g. asparagus) taste good later in life, but not when you're a kid? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fqblvr/eli5_what_changes_happen_to_make_adult_foods_eg/ | {
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43,
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"text": [
"Kids have increased sensitivity to bitter foods. Veggies taste bitter to kids. Adults have reduced sensitivity to bitter foods. The v... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[
"https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-03/fyi-why-does-some-food-taste-bad-some-people-and-good-others/",
"https://www.apa.org/research/action/speaking-of-psychology/foods-we-like",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9216570",
"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-09/mc... | ||
2vln2j | why do sugarcane plants produce so much sugar? do they need sugar or is it a by-product? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vln2j/eli5_why_do_sugarcane_plants_produce_so_much/ | {
"a_id": [
"coiray2"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"Plants need sugar for energy. Sugar is no different than other plants in that. Some just produce a lot, or at least easily extractable like maple syrup or beets or fruits (slightly different sugar) "
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
p1dvb | Is it true that anyone who grew up in the walkman generation and beyond will most likely need hearing aids when they are old? | I just read a talk by a famous speaker who casually mentioned that because he grew up in the walkman generation that he will need hearing aids when he is "decrepit and old". Is this true? Does the fact that I own and frequently use my phone and ipod to listen to music mean I will need hearing aids in 40 or 50 years? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/p1dvb/is_it_true_that_anyone_who_grew_up_in_the_walkman/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3lqeiy"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Hearing loss? Maybe. Full blown deafness? Unlikely. This isn't a particularly new phenomenon, I found papers going back to the 60s on whether the kids are going to damage their ears with loud music, including [this](_URL_0_) adorable paper from 1... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://archotol.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/88/4/377",
"http://www.jborak.com/publications/docs/Slade-Rabinowitz.pdf",
"http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2009;volume=11;issue=44;spage=132;epage=140;aulast=Kumar"
]
] | |
b0d6vm | why are some boats pointy on both ends, while other boats are pointy in the front and flat in the back? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b0d6vm/eli5why_are_some_boats_pointy_on_both_ends_while/ | {
"a_id": [
"eidshvj",
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"score": [
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19,
46
],
"text": [
"Vessels move through the water more efficiently when they are streamlined (both ends pointy) because the flat stern (back end) creates a void as the boat moves which pulls it backwards a little. If yo... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://www.rei.com/content/dam/images/Expert%20Advice/Migration/HeroImages/887527_013015_32871_canoe_day_touring_checklist_lg.jpg",
"https://images.boats.com/resize/wp/2/files/2016/07/planing.jpg"
],
[]
] | ||
5qo2s8 | do gas giants such as jupiter and saturn have plate tectonics? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5qo2s8/eli5_do_gas_giants_such_as_jupiter_and_saturn/ | {
"a_id": [
"dd0q5z0"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"As far as we know, no.\n\nThey don't really have a true \"surface\" and the behavior of the upper layers are dominated by gas dynamics.\n\nOnce you get deeper into the mantle of these planets the gas is dense enough for fluid dynamics to take ove... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
7uga7g | When was the word "tyrant" given a negative connotation? | I was reading up on ancient Greece and their early forms of tyrants and my textbook made a note on how they weren't wicked or oppressive as our word "tyrant" connotes, but when did history start seeing absolute rulers as tyrannical in a negative way? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7uga7g/when_was_the_word_tyrant_given_a_negative/ | {
"a_id": [
"dtkiwpg"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"About 2500 years ago. In fact, the Greeks started portraying tyranny as a universally negative and hated thing pretty much immediately after the early tyrants your textbook told you about.\n\nIn his brilliant article 'Before *turannoi* were tyran... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Tiranicidas_04.JPG/1200px-Tiranicidas_04.JPG"
]
] | |
e8yczh | Logistics of the mongol army during ghengis khan’s conquests | Ghengis khan had rapidly expanded the mongol zone of influence during his conquests while keeping his army intact and his new lands subjugated and under his control. However, I am curious how Ghengis khan had organized and planned the logistics of his far reaching invasions and how he administrated his new holdings. Th... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e8yczh/logistics_of_the_mongol_army_during_ghengis_khans/ | {
"a_id": [
"fahh4hs"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I cover some of the logistics and tactics of the Mongol army [here](_URL_0_). And then I talk about some basic taxation and administration [here](_URL_1_).\n\nThe administration aspect of my second post is really broad, and it was because the que... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/df3t3e/how_did_mongols_being_compromised_of_mostly_light/f341cwn/?context=3",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/e5f1bu/how_could_tribal_people_like_the_mongols_or/f9kf3fq/?context=3"
]
] | |
3cvzum | since a person's skin is constantly being renewed and growing back, why don't moles simply fall off after so long? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3cvzum/eli5_since_a_persons_skin_is_constantly_being/ | {
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"score": [
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14,
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"text": [
"::Borrowed text:: \nYour skin contains several different types of cells. The skin cells you're thinking of th... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.aacrfoundation.org/CancerTypes/PublishingImages/CDR0000579033.jpg",
"http://imagebank.osa.org/getImage.xqy?img=cCF6ekAubGFyZ2UsYm9lLTQtNS02ODAtZzAwMQ"
]
] | ||
4g2lpb | Were Counties named for Counts, or Counts named for Counties? | Hi! I know, it's one of those frustrating and controversial questions about Feudalism. However, it is an honest question that I'd love to here some expert and knowledgeable opinions on.
Basically, were the landholdings *named* for the noble who administered them (i.e. therefore the original noble was measured by his o... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4g2lpb/were_counties_named_for_counts_or_counts_named/ | {
"a_id": [
"d2e6sya"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"OK, I think firstly there's a misconception in your post that a count 'owns' his county, or has control over all the land within it. This was never the case in medieval Europe. Counts very often owned substantial amounts of property outside of th... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
59ddak | why are so many endangered animals used in chinese "medicine"? | [deleted] | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59ddak/eli5_why_are_so_many_endangered_animals_used_in/ | {
"a_id": [
"d97jpm1",
"d97jqdo"
],
"score": [
11,
2
],
"text": [
"The rapid industrialization of Asian economies means that there are a lot more people in the Asian middle class who want to be able to show off their means. As a result, demand for \"traditional\" remedies (they aren't actu... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
a9jnz4 | What factors led to the emergence of city-states in Ancient Greece and during the Italian Renaissance? | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a9jnz4/what_factors_led_to_the_emergence_of_citystates/ | {
"a_id": [
"eco4c0m"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"While Classical Greece and Communal Italy are two completely different time periods in two different geographic spaces, there are some communalities in Mediterranean urbanization. I brought that up in a podcast episode about communal Milan [here]... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/4zq1vk/askhistorians_podcast_069_milan_in_the_era_of/d6y5dwb/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7l9qtx/why_wasnt_there_a_kingdom_of_italy_after/drpgajq/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/a9b7ut/is_a_concept_locked_in_it... | ||
8whew7 | Why can I see star clusters better when they’re in my peripheral vision? | I oftentimes find that I can see clusters of stars (sometimes just a couple slightly larger ones) better out of the corner of my eye. But tonight I observed what I’m assuming is part of the Milky Way better when not directly looking at it. In fact, when directly looking at it, I really couldn’t make out many stars.
Wh... | askscience | https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/8whew7/why_can_i_see_star_clusters_better_when_theyre_in/ | {
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"score": [
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98,
29,
44,
8,
2,
7,
2,
6
],
"text": [
"There are 2 types of photoreceptor cells in the eye: rods and co... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/feature/how-guide/how-master-art-averted-vision"
],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_(vision)#Blind_spot_test"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
aagwx8 | why do kids and adults with kids seem to get vomiting type stomach bugs so often? | I haven't thrown up in over 10 years. But a family I know just came down with a puke fest - 3 kids and 1 adult had a stomach bug at the same time. I saw on FB people talking like their families were experiencing the same thing, all with kids. Why do kids spread this thing around so commonly? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aagwx8/eli5_why_do_kids_and_adults_with_kids_seem_to_get/ | {
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7,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The sorts of bacteria which cause that type of gastrointestinal illness are easily controlled by handwashing and good hygiene. Children are bad at that kind o... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
14spbf | How are cures for poisons developed and how are people treated when a poison is unknown? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14spbf/how_are_cures_for_poisons_developed_and_how_are/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7g2cgf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The symptoms would be managed. If they go into shock, they'll receive adrenaline and fluids to boost their blood pressure. Cures are developed in many ways, usually through rigorous biochemical studies. A slightly newer way to make cures for veno... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
1inj0y | Sending Energy to Space? | I have a question regarding the earth and the conservation of energy. If energy can not be destroyed but only changes form, and the suns rays are continuously sending energy to earth, then what process expells the energy into space?
| askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1inj0y/sending_energy_to_space/ | {
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2
],
"text": [
"Radiation. Some of the sun's energy is reflected and some is absorbed. The absorbed light can be re-emitted as light/heat, back into space.",
"Nothing technically says the earth has to expend the eq... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
25x07z | why does it hurt our eyes to look at the extremes of our vision? | I've always wondered why looking way up, down or to the sides causes pain in our eyes. | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25x07z/eli5_why_does_it_hurt_our_eyes_to_look_at_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"chljaj7",
"chlmx67"
],
"score": [
3,
4
],
"text": [
"It's because the eye is a ball connected by a thread of nerves to the brain.\nI'm fairly sure that it's because stretching the nerve thread that causes the pain ",
"Your eyes can't rotate themselves, obviously - it must ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
xugm2 | So what's the real difference between an archaeologist, historical geographer and a historian? | Im sure this sounds like a dumb question to someone who engages in these but Ive recently read a different book by each type of author and they all seem like "history" but perahps with emphasis.
| AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/xugm2/so_whats_the_real_difference_between_an/ | {
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"score": [
6,
3,
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"text": [
"Easy, one digs up old maps, one redraws old maps, whilst the other debates old maps until the ends of time. But no seriously, I think that is it at a fundamental level. Archeology seems a lot more hands... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[]
] | |
14tmk0 | What exactly is happening in a meteor shower like the geminids? | Is the Earth just flying through a stationary cloud of busted up asteroid parts? Do these rocks sit in our orbital path, or does our orbit cross theirs? Do they all burn up or do some land? | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/14tmk0/what_exactly_is_happening_in_a_meteor_shower_like/ | {
"a_id": [
"c7ggh4m"
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"score": [
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"text": [
"Your answer is pretty much it. \nA short time ago, a comet would have flown through our orbit, and it left a cloud of dust and particulates behind. Now, the earth is flying into the cloud, and those particulates are burning up in the atmosphere... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3200_Phaethon"
]
] | |
9tp52w | how does a casino make money on poker if the dealer doesn’t play a hand? | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9tp52w/eli5_how_does_a_casino_make_money_on_poker_if_the/ | {
"a_id": [
"e8y0zh7"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"They take a \"rake\" of every hand. So if everyone combined puts in $100 in chips there might only be $98 in the pot. The other $2 is taken by the casino."
]
} | [] | [] | [
[]
] | ||
2qsiao | When we feel emotions due to music, is it conditioning from prior experiences, or do certain sounds have the ability to make us feel certain emotions? | I'm not certain this is the right subreddit for this. It's more psychological, I suppose. My question is, when you hear a particularly depressing song that has no lyrics, Moonlight Sonata for example, do you actually feel moments in the song because you're conditioned to understand certain moments of the music with e... | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2qsiao/when_we_feel_emotions_due_to_music_is_it/ | {
"a_id": [
"cn9eth5"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"There is a lot of scientific speculation about the ultimate nature of music. Musicologists have pointed out that there are types of music that are alien to our western culture, particularly Gamelan orchestra music, which most people find incompr... | [] | [] | [
[]
] | |
1uyemw | how do we exactly know we and everything around us is in three dimensions? isn't the universe just one dimensional line curved so much we can't really tell if we live in 3d or this one dimensional line? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1uyemw/eli5how_do_we_exactly_know_we_and_everything/ | {
"a_id": [
"cemvwyr",
"cemvzw0"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"We don't really *know* this, but it certainly looks like it for practical purposes. [Minutephysics explains one test here.](_URL_0_)",
"Because the min. number of coordinates you need to give to state where you are spati... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJJhHknEDPY"
],
[]
] | ||
1kju3f | why are unpaid interns bad but unpaid volunteers good? | I'm curious: Why do Americans object to unpaid interns but at the same time praise unpaid volunteers?
[Habitat for Humanity](_URL_1_), for example, builds houses for the poor almost exclusively with unpaid volunteers. They don't get criticized. Even labor unions don't seem to object that Habitat is taking away paid co... | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kju3f/eli5_why_are_unpaid_interns_bad_but_unpaid/ | {
"a_id": [
"cbpnuxj",
"cbpq0bu",
"cbpqbw7",
"cbpro5u"
],
"score": [
10,
6,
5,
5
],
"text": [
"Volunteering is considered to be done as an act of charity. As in, you aren't supposed to be doing it for money, but because it is a good act.\n\nInterning isn't like that. You ar... | [] | [
"http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/facebook_coo_sheryl_sandberg_makes_dIvCh8evJq3NvlBzZbwZXP",
"http://www.habitat.org/",
"http://leanin.org/",
"http://www.theatlanticwire.com/business/2013/08/sheryl-sandberg-should-know-better-ask-interns-work-free/68355/"
] | [
[],
[],
[],
[]
] | |
szxxb | What are the odds of winning an expert Minesweeper game ? | Assuming that you don't make any mistake, that the only times you lose are because it was logically impossible to find the mine. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/szxxb/what_are_the_odds_of_winning_an_expert/ | {
"a_id": [
"c4ie586",
"c4ief72",
"c4jcm42"
],
"score": [
3,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"so... what you're really asking is what fraction of legal board layouts in minesweeper are not solvable.\n\nthis is a tricky question to compute, mostly just due to the size of the space of configuratio... | [] | [] | [
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Prize_Problems",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem",
"http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~daw/teaching/cs70-s05/Notes/lecture25.pdf",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minesweeper_\\(computer_game\\)#Computational_complexity"
],
[]
] | |
c3vr8f | when we focus on a moving object we can smoothly move our eyes however if nothing is there we cant smoothly move them from left to right? | Not sure how to word it but let's say you're focusing on a bird in the sky moving our eyes move smoothly to follow it
however if you try and move your eyes from left to right with nothing there it cant be done smoothly you more or less focus on different random spots to move them from A to B | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c3vr8f/eli5_when_we_focus_on_a_moving_object_we_can/ | {
"a_id": [
"ertjmk7",
"ertnln3"
],
"score": [
2,
6
],
"text": [
"someone might explain it better. but our eyes are lenses . constantly adjusting based on how far the distance is.\n\nwhen you focus on a moving object which is a predictable trajectory (e.g. bird) our eye locks focus and we ... | [] | [] | [
[],
[]
] | |
53f0u9 | why can some people withstand more spice than others? | I mean spicy food | explainlikeimfive | https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/53f0u9/eli5_why_can_some_people_withstand_more_spice/ | {
"a_id": [
"d7sn9yi",
"d7t67x4"
],
"score": [
6,
5
],
"text": [
"there's actually an interesting Vox video just about this question. [\"Why we learn to love spicy food\"](_URL_0_) ",
"Capsaicin, the hot stuff in hot chillies, is a drug that acts directly on the nerves that signal heat... | [] | [] | [
[
"https://youtu.be/JsgpZdGVNys"
],
[]
] | |
q8y3g | Would Segregation Have Been Abolished Without Brown v. Board of Education? | I ask this question because I'm currently a law student who studied history as an undergraduate. In my Constitutional Law class we're currently talking about Originalism and its attitudes towards judicial review and judicial activism.
That prompted me to wonder if the USA would have abolished segregation without SCOT... | AskHistorians | http://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/q8y3g/would_segregation_have_been_abolished_without/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3vou8e"
],
"score": [
17
],
"text": [
"Actually, there was a looooong history of chipping away at [Plessy vs. Fergouson.](_URL_4_). Essentially it largely came down to before BvB.E., that you had to provide equal but seperate, which meant that the states had to provide a black law s... | [] | [] | [
[
"B.v.BE",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixiecrat",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_you_are_lynching_Negroes",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_racial_desegregation_case_law"
]
] | |
3npm0d | What alternative historical lenses have been growing in popularity among historians? | I'm interested in alternate historical lenses to view world history from, and was wondering about any modern methodologies or research you have read/conduct with a "unique" view.
For example, most people are familiar with Marxist, Feminist, or structuralist narratives of history. But I've heard some historians discus... | AskHistorians | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3npm0d/what_alternative_historical_lenses_have_been/ | {
"a_id": [
"cvqbpyp"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Those books on salt, cod, etc are usually lumped under \"microhistory\" which is actually one of my favorite easy-reading history categories, I would read a popular microhistory on just about anything. HOW JARRED MAYONNAISE MADE THE MODERN WORLD... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/viewFile/807/814"
]
] | |
2l5b2l | what is cultural marxism? what does a cultural marxist do? | explainlikeimfive | http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2l5b2l/eli5_what_is_cultural_marxism_what_does_a/ | {
"a_id": [
"clrowmc",
"clrsu7j",
"clrsucc",
"clrw5ss",
"cluijn5"
],
"score": [
32,
9,
7,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"A cultural marxists uses what is called critical theory to analyse history, traditions and culture from a marxist perspective. \nMost importantly, they belie... | [] | [] | [
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion"
],
[]
] | ||
ox24d | When our bodies burn a gram of fat, protein, or carbohydrates, what percentage of the mass is converted to energy? | What percentage of the stored caloric mass/energy from food or body fat is acutally used as either heat or to perform mechanical work, and what percentage of the mass/energy is excreted as liquid/solid waste and CO2 that we exhale?
Thanks in advance. | askscience | http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ox24d/when_our_bodies_burn_a_gram_of_fat_protein_or/ | {
"a_id": [
"c3krgmq",
"c3ktelj"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"When we consume food we extract energy from that food but we don't actually convert any mass into energy. Of the food we can metabolize (ignoring things like fiber and salts) more than 90-95% of it is absorbed and metaboliz... | [] | [] | [
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea"
],
[
"http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-nutritionists-measure-calories.html"
]
] |
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